Σημειώσεις Μαθηματικών 2012-13 (Δούδης Δημήτρης) PDF

&
2012-2013
: , 24 2013
(2012 - 2013)
[1] , 3 ,
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[2] [http://www.study4exams.gr/math_k/]
[3] . , . , . , , 1, 2, .
.
[4] , , &
, .
[5] , , &
1, 2, . .
[6] , [http://lisari.blogspot.gr]
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[8] , .
[9] , [http://blogs.sch.gr/imavros/].
[10] , .
[11] , .
&
()
2:
11
. 2.1:
. 2.2: C M
. 2.2: C M
-
1.
z i , Im(z) i .
2.
z w w z 3i , Re(w) z .
3.
z1 i z 2 i Im(z1 z 2 ) 0 ,
Im(z1 ) Im(z 2 ) 0 .
4.
5.
z Re(3z 2) 3 Re(z) 2
6.
z z 0 , Re(z) 0 Im(z) 0 .
7.
z, w z 2 w 2 0 , z w 0 .
8.
z (x 2 1) (x 2 x) i z 0 , x 1 .
9.
z i .
10. z Re(z) Im(z)

y x .
11. z1 ,z 2 , Re(z1 z 2 ) Re(z1 ) Re(z 2 ) .
12. .
13. z Re (z) = 2, z
x = 2.
14. Im(z i) 8 , z
y 8 .
15. y x
z i, .
16.
.
17. z, z, z, z .
18. z1 3 4i, z 2 3 4i, z 3 3 4i .
19. z, z yy .
20. z 2 3i : y x 4 .
21. z, z
.
2012-2013
22. Im(z1 .z 2 ) 0 , Im(z1 ) Im(z 2 ) 0 , z1 , z 2 .

23. : ( i) ( i) 2 2 .
24. : z z 0 z .
25. : z z 2 Im(z) .
26. z1 z 2 , z1 z2 .
27. z 2 z 2 z z
2zz .
28. : (2 3i)40 (2i 3)40 .

29. i v 1 v 4k 1, k .
30. z i w i : z iw .
31. z, w z w z w .
32. z z z 4 , z x 4 .
33. z z z 1 , .
34. z1 , z 2 z 2 z 0 0 0 ,
z1 z1
, z 2 z2 .
35. x 2 2x 10 0 1 3i
3 i
.
i

1.
: 3z 2 4i z i 6i
2.
: 3z 4 (2z 5) i 2iz
3.
: z 2 z 2 0
4.
: z z 3iz 3i 5 0
5.
: z 3 z 10 0
6.
2z
z , Im
0 , z , . z .
2
2z
7.
, , z 2i
w 1 (1 2 )i .

8.
z 1 ( 2) i , [0,2] . M(z)
.
9.
z : y x - 3
w 2iz (2 i) z 3 .
10. z 2 2z 1 0, [0,2) .
)
) .
11. z 5 3i z1 z2
1 : y x 1 , 2 : y 2x - 1 .
:
2012-2013
12. z 1 6i z1 z2
1 : y x 3 , 2 : y x .
13. z1 , z 2 z 3 z1 z1 z 2 z2 z 3 z3 1
z1 z 2 z 3 0 . :
) z1z 2 z 2 z 3 z 3 z1 0
2
2
2
) z1 z 2 z 3 0
3
3
3
) z1 z 2 z 3
14. (..) z,
1,iz,1 z2 .
15. z x yi . w
3i z
, ..
z2
M(x, y) z .
3i z
, z z 2 ,
z2
M(x, y) z : 3x 2y 6 0 .
16. w
(C)
z (q),
, (q), (C);
.
.
.
2012-2013
&
()
2:
21
. 2.3:

1.
z 0
2. z w z w , ().
3.
z 0z0
4.
z iz iz iz iz
5.
z , z 2 .
6.
z z ,
7. z z1 z z 2 , , z z1 z z 2 z z1 z z 2 .
8. z12 z 2 2 0 , z1 z 2 (;).
() ()
1.
:
) z z
)
z 0
z z z2
2. z1 ,z 2 z1 z 2 z1 z 2 .
3. z , z
.
z
4. i 1 .
5. z 1 , z
1
.
z
6. z1 ,z 2 z1 z 2 , z1 z 2 .
7. z , i z O 0,0 , .
8. z
zz z .
9. k z k z k z .
10. w z z , z , w z z .
11. z z 0 z 0 .

1. z 0 , z;
2. :
:
-1-
2012-2013
) z Im(z) ;
z Re(z) ;
3. ;
4. z 2 zz z 2012 .
5. z 3 yi z 5 , y;
6. :
2
) z 2 z 2 ;
) z z 2 ;
) z 2 z 2 ;
) z z 2 ;
) z zz ;
7. z ;
2
) z z 2 ;
) z 2 z 2 ;
) z zz ;
) z i z ;
8. z , z2 z,z 0 , z .
-
1.
z :
) Re(z) z
) Im(z) z
) z z Re(z)
) z z Im(z)
1
1
, z x yi,x * . Re(z 2 ) .
4
z
2.
2z 2z
3.
z, w z w z w 2 , u
z 2012 w 2012
(z w)2012
.
4.
* z z 14 27z11 , z 25
5.
z, w z w z w , Re(zw) 0 .
6.
** z, w z w z w
.
7.
z : 1 - z > z , Re (z) <
1
.
2
8.
z : z-1 z-2 , Re (z) <
3
.
2
9.
z, w z w 1 z
z

w
1 w .
2
-
3 2z
1
1 1
6z 3 0 z . 1 3w .
w
6z 3
2
2 4
1.
z, w z
2.
z , : 2z i z 2i . 2z 2 i z 1 2i ,
z 1 .
3.
z, w : 2z 3w 2z 3w , : 2z w
-2-
52
z
3
2012-2013
3z1 2z 2 , : z1 z 2 z1 z 2 .
4.
z1 ,z 2 : 3 z1 2 z 2
5.
z, w z 1 : z 1 1 w
2z 1
.
z1
w .
6.
z z 1 2i 2z 2 i , z 1 .
7.
z z i 2 z i , 3z 5i .
8.
z (1 2i)z (z 2)7 , :
)
9.
5 z z2
) 2z 1 5
z1 ,z 2 z1 z 2 3 , :
) w
z14 z 2 4
(z1 z 2 )4
z1 z 2 , .
) u
z1 z 2
(z1 z 2 )
z1 z 2 ,
.
z
z
z
3
10. * z1 ,z 2 ,z 3 z1 z 2 z 3 1 Re 1 2 3 .
2
z 2 z 3 z1
z1 z 2 z 3 0 .
11. z1 ,z 2 z1 z 2 2 z1 z 2 , z1 2z 2 19 z1 .
12. z1 ,z 2 ,z 3 z1 1 z 2 1 z 3 1 3 z1 z 2 z 3
3
,
2
z1z 2 z 2 z 3 z1z 3 3 z1 z 2 z 3 3 .
13. z : z z i 1 .
14. z : z 1 2i z 2 i z 1 3i i 2 2 .
2
15. * z, w 2 z w 6 z 3 w .
16. z, w z 1 w 1 , z w 1 zw .
17. z, w :
5z 2
3
, 5 2w .
z 3 w
2z 3
2
18. z z 7 3 z 1 , z 2 .
19. z : z =
1
= z-1.
z
20. * z z2 1 1 z 1 1 , z 1 .
21. * z : z 8 (z)8 128 8 , z 2 .
-3-
2012-2013
&
()
2:
31
. 2.3: -
-

1. z - z0 = , > 0 k(z0 ) .
) z - z0 , 0
k(z0 ) .
) z - z0 , 0
k(z0 ) .
) 1 z - z0 2
k(z0 ) 1 2.
2. z - z1 = z - z2 , z C,
M(z1 ),M(z 2 ) , z1 z2.
) z - z1 z - z1 , z1 ,z 2 , M(z) z xx
(;).
) z - z1 z + z1 , z1 ,z 2 , M(z) z yy
(;).
) z - z + , * z , M(z) z yy (;).
) z - z1 z - z 2 , . M(z1 )M(z 2 ) M(z1 ) .
) z - z1 z - z2 , . M(z1 )M(z 2 ) M(z 2 ) .
) ,
.
3. z - z1 z - z2 2 , z1, z2 0 z1 - z2 2
z1 z2, M(z1 ),M(z 2 ) 2.
4. z - z1 z - z2 2 , z1, z2 0 z1 - z2 2
z1 z2, M(z1 ),M(z 2 ) 2 (;).
5. z - z1 z - z 2 2 , z1, z2 0 z1 - z2 2
z1 z2, M(z1 ),M(z 2 ) 2.
-1-
2012-2013
(..)

z z1 z z 2
z1 x1 y1i
z 2 x 2 y 2 i
M z , z1 , z 2
z x1 , y1
x2 , y2 .
z z1 z z 2 ,
.. z .

z1 x1 y1i
M z , z1 , z 2
z 2 x 2 y 2 i
z x1 , y1 -

x2 , y 2 .
z z1 z z 2
z z1 z z 2
z z1 z z 2 ]
z z0 ,
>0 z 0 x0 y 0 i
.
[ z z0 0 ]
z z0 , >0
z 0 x0 y 0 i
.
[
z z0
z z0
z z0 ]
.. z (, ),
.
M z z0

z ,
.
.. z
.
[ x 2 y 2 2 ]
M z z0

z ,
.
.. z .
x x y y
2
[ x 2 y 2 2 ]
[ z z0 0 ]
x x y y
-2-
2012-2013
z z1 z z 2 2
z1 0i
z 2 0i
,
>
z z1 z z 2 2
z1 0 i
z 2 0 i
,
>
z z1 z z 2 2
z1 0i
z 2 0i
, >
[
z z 2 z z1 2 ]
z z1 z z 2 2
z1 0i
z 2 0i
,
>

2 2
M z , E z 1 E z 2

z E(,0) E(, 0)
.
.. z , 2 .

2 2
x2 y2
1
2 2
M z , E z 1 E z 2

z E(0,-) E(0,)
.
.. z , 2 .

2 2
x2 y2
1
2 2
M z , E z 1 E z 2

z
(, 0) ( , 0) ,
.
.. z

, .

2 2
x2 y2
1, x 0
2 2
M z , E z 1 E z 2
z (,0)
( ,0) ,
.
.. z , .
-3-
x2 y2
1
2 2
2012-2013

2 2
z z1 z z 2 2
M z , E z 1 E z 2
z1 0 i
z 2 0 i
,
>
[

z
(0, -) (0 , ) , .
.. z

, .
z z 2 z z1 2 ]
y2 x2
1, y 0
2 2

2 2
z z1 z z 2 2
M z , E z 1 E z 2
z1 0 i
z 2 0 i
,
>
z (0,-)
(0 ,) ,
.
.. z , .
y2 x2
1
2 2

1.
z1 z 2 z 2 z1 , z1 ,z 2 , .
2.
z1 z 2 z 2 z 3 z1 z 3 , , z1 ,z 2 ,z 3 z1 z 2 z 3 z1 , (;).
3.
z1 z 2 z1 z 2 (0,0) , M(z1 ),M(z 2 ) , OM1M2 (;).
4.
z z 2 z z 3 z z 3 z z1 ,z 2 ,z 3 , , z1 , z2 , z 3 , z (;).
5.
z1 z 2 z 2 z 3 z1 z 3 , z1 ,z 2 ,z 3 z1 z 2 z 3 z1 (;).
() ()
1.
z1 ,z 2 z1 z 2 z1 z 2 .
2.
z1 ,z 2 z1 z 2 z1 z 2 .
3.
z1 ,z 2 z1 z 2 z1 z 2 .
4.
z , z z 2 z .
-4-
2012-2013
5.
z z i z 1 .
6.
z , z 3 , 2 z i 4 .
7.
z , z 1 , z 12 5i 13 .
8.
z z 2 , z 2 4iz 12 .
9.
z z0 2 2 2 4 .
10. z z1 z z 2 z z 3 .
11. z z1 z z 2 .
12. 1, 2 z1 z2 xx
12, z1 = z2 .
13. z - z1 = z - z2 , z C,
(z1) B (z2).
14. z 2 z i (2,0) (0,1) .
15. z - z1 = z - z2 z C z1, z2 C .
16. z - z0 = , > 0 (z0) .
17. 2 3i z 4 .
18.
z-2 1 .

1.
2.
z1 z2 , ;
. z1 = - z2
B. z1 = z2
. z1 = - z2
. m (z1) + Im (z2) = 0
E.
z
z - 2 = z - i :
. yy
B. y = x
. xx
. (2, 0) (0, 1)
E. (0, 2) (1, 0)
3.
(2, 1) 3
z
. z - (2 - i) = 3
B. z - (1 2i) = 3
. z - (2 i) = 9
. z - (2 i) = 3
E. z (2 i) = 3
-5-
2012-2013
4.
z

. z 1 < 1 z i < 1
5.
B. z 1 < 1 z i < 1
. z 1 > 1 z i > 1
. z 1 < 1 z i < 1
. z 1 < 1 z i < 1
z

. z 2 < 2 z 3 < 1
B. z 2 < 2 z 3 > 1
. z 2 < 2 z 3 > 1
. z 2 < 2 z 3 > 1
. z 2 > 2 z 3 < 1
z 2 = z i
6.
y = x,
. 1
7.
B. - 1
. 2
. - 2
E. 4
z1, z2, z3 ,
z z1 = z z2 = z z3 z
. 2
B. 3
. 1
. 4
. 0

1. :
) z 1 2 ;
) z 1 2 ;
) 1 z 2 ;
2. z 1 1 & z i 1 ;
3. :
) z 2 , Im(z) 0 & Re(z) 0 .
z 2 & Re(z) 0 .
) z 2 & Im(z) 0 .
z 2 2 & Re(z) 0
.
4. z1 3 z 2 4 3i , z1 z 2 ;
5. z1 2 z 2 5 , z1 z 2 ;
6. ;
7. 2 + 3i
3 + 2i ;
8. z
2 4 , z

-6-
2012-2013
1.
(..) z
z 1 i 3 ;
: )
z 1 i 4 ;
z 1 i 2 ;
2.
.. z : z 4 z .
3.
.. z : z 2 3i z 1
4.
) .. z : z 3 z 3 10 .
) z ..,
z.
) z 3 ,z 4 ..,
z 3 z 4 .
5.
.. z :
) z 5 z 5 8 ;
6.
z5 z5 8;
z5 z5 8
z : z1 3 z 2 3 ,

7.
2
.
1
z z 2 2i 2 ,
) .. z
) z .
8.
.. z, : z 1 z 4i .
.., .
9.
) .. z : z 2i 3 z 2i .
z1 2i
) z1 ,z 2 2i
z1 2i
z 2 2i
z 2 2i
3 ,
z1 z 2 .
10. z x yi 0 w
z
. .. w.
z
11. z 1 1 z 2 1 , Re(z) 0 1 z 3 .
12. z i z i , Im(z) 0 .
2
13. z : z 2 z 2 2 z z z 0 . z , .. .
14. z (0,0) = 1,
w
2z i
.
iz 2
15. x , .. z, z
1 xi
.
xi
16. z, w z 5 w 12 9i . :
) 10 z w 20
:
-7-
2012-2013
) 40 z 3w 50
) 5 2z w 25 .
17. z z 3 2i 7 , 2 z 2i 12 .
18. z z 7 4i 3 , 7 z 1 2i 13 .
19. ** , z, w *
z w
1 , (
w z
) .
-
1.
z (2x 3) (2y 1)i,x, y . ..

M(x, y) 2z 1 3i 3 ,
.
2.
z w w
z1
. .. z,
zi
.. w :
)
3.
) w 1 .
z w w z
2
,
z
. M(z) z z ,
w M(w) .
4.
z1 ,z 2 ,z 3 z1 z 2 z 3 0 z1 z 2 z 3 , .
5.
) .. z : (1 i)z 2 2 .
) .. w :
w 2i
1.
w 2 4i
) z w .
6.
(: )
z, w . :
) .. z
z2
.
z 2i
) .. w : w w 1 i .
) z w .
7.
(: 2 )
z z 3 4i 2 , :
) .. z.
) 3 z 7 .
) z ;
) z1 ,z 2 .., z1 z 2 4 .
-8-
2012-2013
8.
z z 4 z 4 10 , :
) .. z.
) 3 z 5 .
) z1 ,z 2 ..,
(0,0), 6 z1 z 2 10 .
) z 4z 15 .
9.
z 3 (5 1)i, w z (2 i) .
) .. .
) z (0,0).
) z, w .
10. z, w w1 w z zi w1
1
, * .
) : * , w w 1 , z
.
) z.
11. z 2iz 2 6i 2 z 5 3i (1).
) .. z (1).
) z .
12. z1 ,z 2 ,z 3 , , , . , :
) z1 z2 z1 z 2 , , , .
) z1 z2 z 2 z3 z 3 z1 z1z 2 z2 z 3 z3 z1 , , , .
13. z, w * . :
) wz
)
w
w
wz I I .
z
z
w
I , z, w .
z
14. z, w * z 2 w 2 0 . z, w .
15. z z
3
2 ,
z
.
16. z 3z
1
2 ,
z
.
) z 3 , z 4i 1 .
) .. z, z 3 .
-
1.
z z 3i 2z 3i , :
) .. z.
-9-
2012-2013
) 7 z 6 5i 13 .
) z ).
) z1 ,z 2 .., z1 z 2 6 .
) z1 ,z 2 .. , z1 z 2 6 ,
z1 z 2 6 .
2.
z w , (z 5) 2(z 5)i 6 5 iw 2 5i 4
) .. z.
) .. w.
) .. , .
) z w 20 .
) z w , , z w 20 .
3.
z, w zw 0 z 2 zw w 2 0 (1). :
) z w z 3 w 3 .
) z w z w .
) z w 120 .
z
)
w
4.
2011
w

z
2011
1 .
. .. z 2 z 5i 2 .
. .., :
) xx,
) xx,
)* xx
-10-
2012-2013
&
()
1:
4 1
555
1.2) -
1.2) -

1. ,
.
2. T
.
3. , A {x / f(x) } .
4. .
5. f(A) {y / x y f(x)} .
6. f :
f
f .
f x 0 x 0
f .
7.
f x 0 , f x 0 .
8.
f : A B .
x1 x 2 , () f(x1 ) f(x 2 ), x1 , x 2 A .
;
f(x1 ) f(x 2 ) , x1 x 2 , x1 , x 2 A
;
9.
, x A :
x A
f( x) f(x)
yy (;).
10. , x A :
x A
f( x) f(x)
(;).
11. , x A :
x T, x T A
f(x ) f(x) f(x T)
[3 ]
2012-2013
12. C f f y f(x) ,
M(x 0 , y 0 ) C f y 0 f(x 0 ) .
13. xx C f .
14. f,
f x .
15. f x x 2 x , 0

,
K
. C f
2
2 4
0 0
16. C f , :
C f C f xx.
C f C f C f .
Cg g x f x c, c . C f c
c 0 c c 0 .
Cg g x f x c , c . C f c
c 0 c c 0 .
17. f, g

f x g x , .
f x g x , xx Cf
Cg
1.
y f x . f R
f x , f x / f x .
, :
i)
f(x) , A f
g(x)
,
h(x)
ii)
f(x)
iii)
f(x) k g(x) , k , k 2 , A f {x / g(x) 0}
iv)
f(x) ln g(x) ,
v)
f(x) g(x) ,
vi)
f(x) g(x) ,
vii) f(x) g(x) ,

viii) f(x) g(x) ,
h(x)
A f {x / h(x) 0}
A f {x / g(x) 0}
Af
Af
, k }
2
Af {x / g(x) 0} {x / g(x) k, k }
A f {x / g(x) 0} {x / g(x) k
ix)
f(x) g(x)
x)
f , .
A f {x / g(x) 0 & h(x) } A f {x D h / g(x) 0}
[3 ]
2012-2013
2. f(x)
f(x), f x g x
f x g x 0 f x g x .
3. f g . :
f(x) g(x) ,
f x x g x x
2
0 , f x 1 x g x 2 x .
f x 0
4. C f xx ,
.
y 0
f x 0 .
y f x
5. C f , Cg ,

y g x
f x g x .
6. x , C f ( ) xx ,
f x 0 ( f x 0 ).
7. x C f Cg ,
f x g x .
8. f
:
, f y / x A y f x .
i) f.
ii) y f(x) (1) x ( ).
iii) (1), () y
(1) x ( ).
iv) x f,
x A f , () y.
v) f(A) y ()
()
,
.
.
.
f yy f.
, , ,
1.
:
i) f(x)
4 3x
ln x
ii) f(x) 3 x 2 4x 3
(. 1, 145)
iii) f(x) log x 3 iv) f(x) log 4 x x 2
[3 ]
2012-2013
v) f(x) 2 x
x
ix) f(x)
x x
2.
vi) f(x) 2x vii) f(x) x viii) f(x)

6
6
x) f(x)
ex
xi) f(x) x
e ex
2 x
x 1
xii) f(x) 3 1
f(x) x 3 x 2 g(x) x 2 5x 6 .
x 2
1
x
(. 2,3 , 145)
i) C f Cg .
ii) C f Cg .
3.
iii)
C f Cg .
iv)
Cg xx.
f(x) log(5 x) g(x) 1 log x .

i) C f ;
ii) C f Cg .
4.
f(x) x 2
g(x) x .
5.
f
:
i) f.
ii) -1
.
iii) f( 1) .
iv) f.
v) f(x) 0 .
vi) f(x) 0
f(x) 0 .
6.
f
:
i) f.
ii) 0
.
iii)
f(2) .
iv)
f.
v) f(x) 0 .
vi)
f(x) 0
f(x) 0 .
7.
8.
1
1
x
i) f(x) (x 2)2
ii) f(x)
iii) f(x)
v) f(x) e x 1 1
vi) f(x) ln x 1
2
1
x 1
vii) f(x) 1 x
(. 6, 1, 5, 145-8)
iv) f(x) ln x 1
viii) f(x) x 3 1
5 -3 f(x) 2 x 1 .
[3 ]
2012-2013
9.

f.

f f x
6.
10. :
x
x2
ex
vi) f(x) 3 x 3 vii) f(x)
2 ex
i) f(x) x 2 x
ii) f(x)
2
1 iv) f(x) ln x 1 v) f(x) 1- ln(1 x - 4)
x 1
5x
viii) f(x) 2 x 2 ix) f(x) 2
x) f(x) 3 ln x 1
x 3
iii) f(x)
11. f :
i) f(2x 1) 4x 2 2x 5 x .
ii) f(ln x) x 2 x 2 x 0 .
iii)
f(x 3 ) x 6 2x 2 1 x 0 .
12. f , g [f(x)]2 [g(x)]2 2 2(f g)(x) x , f , g

.
,
13. :
i) f(x) x 3 4x
ii) f(x)
4 x2
x
iii) f(x)
1
1
x
1 2 2
iv) f(x) ln x 1 x 2
14. :
i) f(x) x 2 1 x ii)
1 x2
f(x) ln
2
1 x
15. f : . :
f(x) f( x)
i) g(x)
.
2
f(x) f( x)
ii) h(x)
.
2
iii) f
.
16. f : f(x) 2x . T
.
:
[3 ]
2012-2013
&
()
1:
5 1
555
1.2) , ,
1.2) , ,

1. (2) :
Df Dg A ( )
x A : f(x) g(x) (
)
2. : ,
. f x x 2 g x x 4 x A 1,0,1
, .
3.
.. f x x g x x .
4. , :
f(Df ) g(Dg ) ( )
Cf Cg ( )
5. f g
( Df Dg x
f x g x ).
6. f g ,
Df Dg x : f(x) g(x) . ,
f g .
, f g , ( )
f g .
7. f(x)g(x) 0, x A f(x)=0 g(x) 0 , x A ,
x f x 0 x g x 0 .
f(x) 0 x A g(x) 0 x A
( f(x)g(x) 0, x A
f(x)=0, x A
g(x) 0, x A ).
1 , x 0
0 , x 0
.. f x
g x
, f x g x 0 x
0 , x 0
1 , x 0
[3 ]
2012-2013
8. , x A f x 1 , f x 1 x A
f x 1 x A . x f x 1
2
x f x 1 .
2
1 , x 0
.. f x
, f x 1 x .
1 ,x 0
***********************
9.
.
10. .
11. f g, f g, f g,
f
, :
g
k f, k D kf D f (k f)(x) k f(x) ,
f , * D f D f (f )(x) f(x)
***********************
12. .
13. f: g:
g f , x A / f x B f(A) B .
f g , x / g x g(B) A .
14. f g
.
15. :
Dg , x D f : f(x) , g f
f g.
D f , x Dg : g(x) ,
f g g f.
16. .
f g g f f g g f .
,
, !
f : g(x) x, x .
f g g f
17. , , .
f g h f g h ,
.
[3 ]
2012-2013

1.
.
2. f g :
f,g , .
x / g x x / x g(x)
f g .
f g f g x f g x .
f1 x , x A1
g 1 x , x 1
3. f g : f x
g x
.
f2 x , x A 2
g 2 x , x 2
f g f
g :
f1 g 1 x , x 1
f g x , x 2
f g x 1 2
f2 g 1 x , x 1
f2 g 2 x , x 2

x
x
x
x
1
2
1
2
/ g x
/ g x
/ g x
/ g 1 x 1
2
1 , 2 , 1 , 2

17. f = g .
f g , f(x) g(x) .
(. 7, 146)
i) f(x) x 2 - x - 6 g(x) x 2 x - 3
iii) f(x)
x 1
x 1
x g(x) x x 1
ii)
f(x)
x
x
g(x)
x 1
x-1
iv) f(x) x 2
x - 1 g(x)
x 2 x-1
18. h , f , g x :
f(x)[f(x) g(x)] g(x)[g(x) h(x)] h(x)[h(x) f(x)] 0
(. 8, 146)
19. : f g,f g,
i)
f
:
g
f(x) x 2 x - 2 g(x) 4 x 2 ,
ii) f(x)
x
g(x) 1 2x
ln x
[3 ]
2012-2013
x 2 1 , 1 x 5
x 1 , 2 x 4
iii) f(x)
g(x)=
, 4x7
2x 3 , 5 x 6
5

20. f g ,
:
(. 10, 11, 12, 146-7)
i)
f(x) 2 - x g(x) ln x , f g g f
ii) f(x)
2x
1
g(x)= x 1 , f g , g f f
x2
f
iii) f(x)
ex
g(x)=ln(x-1) ,
ex 1
f g , g f , f f , g g .
2x+1 , 4<x<6
x+1 , 2<x<4
g(x)=
iv) f(x)=
, g f
x-2 , 6 x<8
x-1 , 4 x<7
21. f :
i) (f g)(x) 4x 2 14x 13 g(x) 2x 3
iii) (f g)(x)
(. 6, 148)
ii) (f g)(x) 1 x 2 g(x) x 2
2x
g(x) ln x
2x
iv) (g f)(x) 9x 2 x 1 g(x) 3x 1 v) (g f)(x) 2x 1 g(x)
x
x2
22. O f(x) x 1 g(x) 3 2 x 2 1 .

, f f g , x .
23. f : [ 2,1] . :
i) g(x) f(2x 3)
ii) h(x) f(x 2 )
iii) (x) f(ln x)
24. f f(x) 1 x 2 .
h h(x) f(ln x 1) f(2 x) .
25. f : . g f g g f ,
f .
26. f,g : . :
i)
f g , f g,g f
ii) f, g , f g,g f
iii) f , g f .

27. f, f(x) xf( x) x 1 x , :
i) f
ii) .
28. x f(x) xf( x) x 3 1 , f.

29. f : , f(0)=1 f(x+3y)-f(x-3y) =12xy ,
x , y , f.
30. f : , x , y f(x-y)=f(x)f(y)
[3 ]
2012-2013
31. f : f(xy) xf(x) yf(y) xy , x , y ,

.
32. * A f : f(x) x f(x y) f(x) f(y) , x , y ,
f(x) x .
33. f : , x , y : f(x y) f(x) f(y)
: i) f(0) 0
ii) f .
34. f : , :
f(x) 0 x f(x y) f(x y) 2f(x) f(y) , x, y .
: i) f(0) 1
ii) f .
35. f : , x f f (x) x 2
1
.
4
1
1
1 1
: i) f x 2 f 2 (x) x , ii) f
4
4
2 2
36. f : , f f f (x) x 2 3x 4 , x , y ,
f(2) 2 .
(. 4, 45, 2, 3, 4, 9, 145-8)
37. x K(x) 4 2x 2 . x
(x) x 5 , :
i) x.
ii) .
90 ). (B) 4 (AB) x ,
38. ( A
x.
[3 ]
2012-2013
&
()
1:
6 1
555
1.3)

1. A1 , A 2
( ) , A 1 A 2 .
..
) f(x)
1
x
x,
x0
) f(x) 2
x 3, x 0
2. A1 (, x 0 ]
A 2 [x 0 ,) , A 1 A 2 (,) .
3. .
4. f (..) ,
! x1 , x 2 x1 x 2
f(x1 ) f(x 2 ) .
5. f , :
C f f xx (1)

f(x) 0 .
6. f f(x) 0
, .
7. f g ,
f(x) g(x) .
8. f C f y k, k (1)
9. f : x1 , x 2 x1 x 2 . :
)
f(x1 ) f(x 2 )
0 x1 x 2 f(x1 ) f(x 2 ) f
x1 x 2
f(x1 ) f(x 2 )
0 x1 x 2 f(x1 ) f(x 2 ) f
x1 x 2
*****************
10. f (, x 0 ]
[x 0 ,) , f (,) x x 0 f(x 0 ) .
11. f (, x 0 ]
[x 0 ,) , f (,) x x 0 f(x 0 ) .
:
-1-
2012-2013
12. f (,) , f
(,) .
13. f [,] , f .
14. f [,] , f .
: ,
(, ), .
15. f : A f(A) . :
) [,] , fmin fmax ,
) [,) , fmin fmax ,
) (,] , fmin fmax ,
) (,) , fmin fmax .
16. ) fmax 0 , f(x) 0, x A f .
) fmin 0 , f(x) 0, x A f .
17. !
f : f(x) , x A f fmax .
fmax , f(x) A f !
1. [ : ]
f : A , :
f(x1 ) f(x 2 ) x1 x 2 .
[, f A : x1 x 2 f(x1 ) f(x 2 ) ].
2. [ : ]
f : A , :
f(x1 ) f(x 2 ) x1 x 2 .
[, f A : x1 x 2 f(x1 ) f(x 2 ) ].
3. [ : ]
f : A ( ) ,
: f(x1 ) f(x 2 ) x1 x 2
[, : x1 x 2 f(x1 ) f(x 2 ) ].
4. , -
.
5. , -
*****************
6. f ,
( ) f .
(.. (,) ( , ) )
: .
:
-2-
2012-2013
7. f ,
( ) f .
(.. [,] [, ] )
*****************
8. f x 0 , x 0
, f x 0 . ( ).
9. f x 0 , x 0 -
, f x 0 . ( ).
: , .
1.
:
.
: 0 ,
0 ,
1
2 1
2 ,
2
*
0 2 ,
0 2 ,
0 ,
1 1
0 ,
1 1
0
,
f x 2 f x1
, x 2 , x1 x 2 x1 .
x 2 x1
f .
[ , ].
.

. .
2. :
-3-
2012-2013
.
2 0, , 0 ,
0, , 0 ,
0, , 0 ,
1
2, 0 , 1 ,
1
2, 0 , 1 .
.
( )
( ).
-4-
2012-2013

39. :
(. 1, 4 156-7)
[) ) ]
i) f(x) ln(x 1) e 2 x
ii) f(x)=-1+2 3-x
iii) f(x) lnx x 3
2
3x 1 , x 0
5
3x 2 , x 0
v) f(x)
vi) f(x)
vii) f(x)=
, x0
x 2
9-x 2
x 2 , x 0
ix) f(x)=
iv)
f(x) x 2 3
viii) f(x)
1- x
1 x
x
2 x
40. ) f .
f .
) f,g .
f+g .
) N f(x) e x x, x 0,
41. f : A (0, ) g : A (0, )
,
f
.
g
42. ) f , , [0, ], 0 ,
f(0) ,f() 0 .
i) f [ ,0] [0,] .
ii) f f [ ,0]
[0,] .
) h(x) 1 1 x 2
[ 1,1] .
43. )
) : i) x7 x 3 2 0 ii) x ln x 1 .
x
2
44. ) f(x) 2x .
3
x
4 2
) 2x
9 3
45. ) f(x) ln x x (0, ) .
) ln(x 2 x 1) x 2 ln(x 2) 1
46. ) f(x) x x [0, ] .

2
)
.
2e e 1
47. f(2x 2 x 3) f(3x x 2 ) , f(x) e x x .
48. x ln(x e 2 ) 4e 2 .
49. ) g x
f(f(x)) g(x) 0 (1) , f .

:
-5-
2012-2013
) f(f(x)) x 0 (1) x , f .
50. ) f ,
g(x) f 3 (x) 3f(x 3 ) 2 .
3
) h(x) e 3x 3e x 2 .
51. ) f g f() , f g .
) g(x) x 3 x 1 [ 1,1] .
) g(x) 3x x 1 [0,] .
52. f : f 5 (x) e x 2 6f 3 (x) x .
f .
53. f: . C f xx yy
2 1
) f .
) g , g g f g .
54. f(x) 2x 7 3x 5 D f [0, ) .
) f .
) C f xx.
3
) f(x 2 ) 0 [0, ) .
4

55. :
2
i) f(x) 3x 2 2x 1 ii) f(x) 1, Af [2,6]
iii)
(x) 7 x 10
x
56. f A(0, 2), B(1, 3)
2f(x) 5 1 , f .
57. f(x) 4 16 2x 3 ,
) f
) .
58. ) f(x) 25 x 2 .
1821
) f(x) 4
.
x 1821
59. f,g : f(x) g(x) x 2 3 x .
C f Cg .
60. f,g : f(x) 3 (g(x) 2x)2 x .
g y 2x ,
f .
-6-
2012-2013
&
()
1:
7 1
555
1.3 1-1

1. x A ,
x () .
2. [ ] 1-1 :
y f x y x A ,
y f(A) f(x) y x.
( y k ) . C f f .
3. , 1-1
.
4. ! .
1-1 , . ( )
, :
5. f 1-1, ( 3).
6. 1-1 Df , Df .
( )
7. 1-1 (. f(x) 0 ).
*****************
8. [ ] f 1 f :
, f(A) f,
, f A f ,
f x y f 1 y x
, f x y, f 1 y x
. , f 1 f ,
f 1 f x x x A f
f f 1 y y y f .
:
-1-
2012-2013
9. ! f 1
1
1
1
f 1 x
f x .
f
f x
10. f , f 1 f 1
f.
11. f , f 1-1 ( ).
12. f , f ( ).
13. f , f
( ).
14. . x
y f x . .
[ ]
1. f 1-1.
2. f , f 1 .
3. f A f , f 1
f(A) .
y f(x)
4. C f Cf 1
1
y f (x)
f(x) f 1 (x) .
5. f: :
i) f 1 .
ii) f 1 x f x f x x x f , . C f Cf 1
, y x .
( , , f(x) f 1 (x) f(x) x
[]).
6. f: C f Cf 1
y x .
( )
-2-
2012-2013

1. f 1-1 :
x1 , x 2 A f f(x1 ) f(x 2 ) x1 x 2
( )
x1 , x 2 A f x1 x 2 f(x1 ) f(x 2 )
( ).
f .
y y f x .

2. f 1-1
1-1 ( ) :
, , ,
1-1 , , , x1 , x 2 , ,
.
3. 1-1 :
2 x1 , x 2 A f x1 x 2 f(x1 ) f(x 2 )
xx C f .
4. 1-1 .
5. f, 1-1
f(A) .
6. f 1 y f x x. y x.
7. f 1-1 (.x. f x
(.x. f x x ).
-3-
1

x
2012-2013

1-1
1.
(. 2 156)
1-1 :
2x 1
ex 1
f(x)
i)
ii) f(x) 3 2 x iii) f(x) x
iv) f(x) x 3 2
x3
e 1
x
3x 2 , x 0
v)
vii) f(x) 2
f(x) 1 2x 3e x vi) f(x) e 2 x 3
-x 1 , x 0
2x 1,
viii) f(x)
x 2 2 ,
2.
3.
4.
x<2
x2
f f(x) x x 3 , x 0 , 1-1.
f ,
1-1.
f : : (f f)(x) f(x) x , x .
) f 1-1
) f(0) .
5.
) .
) f(x 3 x) f(x 8) .
f f f 1-1, f 1-1.
6.
7.
ln
10-x =3+lnx .
x 2
x x x 0 .
x2
()
x
f : : f(x) e 3 (f f)(x)
x . f 1-1.
9. f(x) x 5 x 3 x 3 .
) f 1-1.
) x 5 x 3 x 3 .
) e 5x e 3x e x 3 .
10. ( 1998)
f : f(f(x)) f 3 (x) 2x 3, x .
) f 1-1.
) f(2x 3 x) f(4 x) .
8.
11. f : (f f)(x) x (1), :

) f 1-1.
) f ..
) f .
12. f : f(x y) f(x) f(y) x, y .
()
) f(0) 0 .
) f .
) f(x) 0 x 0 0 , f 1-1.
:
-4-
2012-2013

13. ( )
i) f(x)
x2 1
2x
ii) f(x) ln
1 x
1 x
iii) f(x) 2 1 x
iv)
(. 2 156)
()
x 2 - 4x , x 2
()
f(x)=
-x-2 , x 2
ex ex
ex ex
14. :
i) f(x) x 4 5x 2 3 ii) f(x) x 2 2x 3 iii) f(x) e x
15. f(x) (2 1)x 3 , , f 1 f .
v) f(x) x 3 1
vi) f(x) 1 2 ln(x 2)
vii) f(x)
16. f : (f f)(x) x 3 , f .
17. * f : ( f(x) ), (f f)(x) x f(x) , x .
18. A f(x) x 3 x : ) f 1 2 ) x f 1 (x) 3 .
19. f : A B g : B , g f .
20. f f f , f .
21. f(x) 0 f(f(x)) xf(x) x 0 , : ) f 1 ) f(1) 1 ()
22. :
i) f(x) x 2
ii) f(x) 2x x 2 , x 1
23. f : (0, )
1
2
3f(x) 2f 3x 2 2 5 x 0 .
x
x
24. f : (0 , + ) f( ) f f , , (0,+ ). :
i)
f(1) 0
1
f f(x)
x
iii) f x=1 , f .
25. f : [2, ) f(x) x 2 4x 1 1-1 f 1 .
26. f 1-1,
f 1 .
x2
27. f(x) 2
A [0, ) .
x 1
) .
) .
) .
)
28. f : , (f f)(x) xf(x) (1) x .
) f(0) 0 .
) f(x) 0 x 0 f .
()
ii)
29. f(x) x 3 6x 2 12x 10 .

:
-5-
2012-2013
) .
) (f f)(x) 3 .
()
30. x 12f(x ) 4f (x) 9 , f .

31. f A(2, 5)
B(3, 2) .
) .
) f 1 (5) f 1 (2) .
2
) f 1 3 f(x 2 2x) 2 .
32. f(x) e 2 x e x 1, x .
33. f : f(x y) f(x) f(y) x, y , :
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
f(0) 0
f
f(x) f(x),
f(x) f(x),
f(x) f(x),
34. f : f(x y) f(x) f(y) , (1).

) f(0) 1, f( x)
1
x .
f(x)
) f(x) 0 , x .
) f 1-1, f 1 x y f 1 x f 1 y , x, y 0 .
()
35. f : f( ) . :
) f .
) f -1 .
) f(x) f 1 (x) f(x) x ( )
()
3
36. f(x) x 2x 2
.
()
x3
2
37. f(x) e x e .
) .
) f(x) f 1 (x) .
) f 1 (2 ln x 2) f 1 (ln 2 x 1) .
38. ) f(x) 3 x 3 .
) f,f 1 .
) f(x) f 1 (x) .
39. f f 3 (x) f(x) x, x f( ) .
) f 1-1.
) f 1 .
) (0,0) C f
) (2,1) C f
) f .
) f 1 (x) f(x)
:
-6-
2012-2013
&
()
1:
8 1
555
1.4 x 0 (, , )
1.5 (, )

1. f x 0 . x x 0 .
2. x x 0 : x x 0 , , . x x 0
.
3. x x0 : x x 0 , , . x x 0
.
: x x0
4. x 0 x
x 0 . :
x 0 f , .
lim f(x) f(x 0 ) .
x x0
5. lim f(x) , x 0 .
x x0
, x 0 x 0 (
) x x 0 ( , . 158-160).
6. f(x) x 0 , .
7. : lim f(x) lim f(x) lim f(x) . ,
x x0
x x0
x x0
, ( )
.
, ;
8. [ ]
lim f(x) lim f(x) 0
x x0
x x0
lim f(x) lim f(x 0 h) ( x x 0 h x=x 0 h ),

x x0
h 0
lim f(x) lim f(x 0 h) (

x x0
h 1
x
h x=x 0 h x 0 0 )
x0
3
-1-
2012-2013
9. .
10.
.
. f x 2x
1
1
g x x 2
x 0 2 .
x2
x2
: lim f(x) g(x) lim(2x x 2 ) 8 .

x2
x2

11. lim f(x) 0 , f(x) 0 x 0 .
( 1, . 165, )
x x0
[ < 0]
, f(x) 0 x 0 , lim f(x).....0 !

x x0
( )
12. lim f(x) 0 , f(x) 0 x 0 .
x x0
13. lim f(x) lim g(x) , f(x) g(x) x 0 .

x x0
(;)
x x0
, f(x) g(x) x 0 , lim f(x)..... lim g(x) !

x x0
[ < 0]
x x0
14. f, g x 0 f(x) g(x) x 0 , lim f(x) lim g(x) .

x x0
x x0
( 2, . 166, )
15. f x 0 f(x) 0 x 0 , lim f(x) 0 .
(;)
x x0
16. lim f(x) lim f(x) lim f(x) .

x x0
x x0
( 2, . 166, )
x x0
! . , lim f(x) x x0
( )
lim f(x)
x x0
17. [ 0 ] lim f(x) 0 lim f(x) 0 .
( )
18. lim f 2 (x) 0 lim f(x) 0 .
( )
x x0
x x0
x x0
x x0
1. lim f(x) :
x x0
x x 0 .
x x 0 -
0
, :
0
) f ,
)
, .
( g f x 0 x 0 ).
:
-2-
2012-2013
,
. ,
.
, , x 0 .
, , , .
.
1. f
. :
) lim f(x)
) lim f(x)
) lim f(x)
) lim f(x)
) lim f(x)
) lim f(x)
x 2
x 1
x 1
x 1
2
1
x 2
x 1
) lim f(x)
-2
x 3
-1
-2
. 0/0 /0
2. , , ( ):
x2 1
x1 x 1
i) lim
v) lim
ix) lim
1 x
3
x 1
xii) lim
x 1
3.
x 1
x 3 3x 2 x 3
x 1
x 1
3x 2 2x 1
()
x2 x
x 1
vii) lim
x 1
x 1
xi) lim
,m,n *
xiii) lim
x 1
x 0
x 2 -1
x) lim n
3
1
3
1- x 1- x
2
x 3 3x 13x 12
iii) lim
x 2 -1 x -1
vi) lim
x 1
x2 x
x 1
3
xm 1
,m,n *
n
x 1
ii) lim
x 1
iv) lim
x1
1 x 1
x
viii) lim 3
x 2
x 2
23 x
5x 4 3x 1 3
()
x2 1
10 x 3 3x 5 1
()
x3 1
xiv) lim
x 1
x 3x 1 2x 1 2
x2 x
, , ():
i) lim f(x) lim f(x) , f(x) 2e x x 5 27
x4
iv) lim
x2
vii) lim
x 3
x 5
9x 6x 1 x 5
1 x3 7
x 2 1 7x 11
x3
v) lim
x 2
x 2
, ii) lim
x 3
3x x 5 x 2 2x 2
x
, viii) lim
x 2012
x 3 4 x 1 3
x2
x3
x
x2
5x
() iii) lim 2
x2 x 4
x 9
2
vi) lim
x 1
(), ix) lim
x2 1
2x 2 9x 4 x 2 4x
x 4
-3-
x 1 2x 2 3x 5
x4
()
2012-2013
. -
4.
5.
2x 2 (5 2 2 )x 1
15 , .
1
1
x
x
2
2
x 4 x 3 2
1 , .
lim
x1
x2 1
lim
6.
* lim
7.
f(x)
8.
x 2 x 3 2
x 2
x 2
e.
2x 2 x 2,
x 1
. , , lim f(x) 3 . ()
x1
x
2
6,
x
1
) f,g : . lim 2f(x) 3g(x) 2 lim 5f(x) 7g(x) 4 , lim f(x)

x 2
x 2
x 2
lim g(x) .
x 2
f(x)
3 lim g(x)x 3 8 4 , lim f(x)g(x) .
x 2
x 2
x 2 x 2
f(x)
) f,g : lim
4f 3 (x) xf 2 (x) 2x 2 f(x) 3x 3 . lim f(x) .
x 0
x 0
x
, lim f(x) , :
) f,g : . lim
9.
x 1
x 1
5x 2 2 x 2 ,
()
f(x)
2x 4x 2011 ln x, x 1
x 2 2x 2
10. f(x)
. lim f(x) 2 , , .
()
x 1
x2 1
11. g(x) 4x 2 (2 )x . , lim g(x) 18 ,
x2
x 11x g(x)
1.
x 2 5x 14
2 x 3 x
2x 2 2x x 2x
12. f(x)
g(x)
.
x
x2
lim f(x) lim g(x) .
lim
()
x2
x 0
()
x 0
z3
, z 2i z i, , :
z 2i
2 Im(w)x10 Re(w)x 5 2012 ln( x), x 1
. .. z
f(x)
2 Im(w)x 3 Re(w)x,
x 1
13. z, w w
lim f(x) .
x 1
2x 1, x 1
14. f(x) x 3 3
, ) ... f f 1 .
, x1
4
f 1 (x) f 1 (1)
) ( ) lim
.
x 1
x 1
-4-
()
()
2012-2013
&
()
1:
9 1
555
1.5 ( , , )

1.

.
2. x ,
.
3. x, x
x
180
x .
,
180
:
. 00 x 0
180 x

x
lim
lim
0,01745.. .
0
180 x0 x
180
4. :
x x x ( x 0 )
x x x * .
[ ]
x
1.
x 0
x
x
1.
2. lim
x 0 x
1. lim
3. lim
x 0
x
1.
x
4. f x g x x 0 lim g x 0 , lim f x 0 .
x x0
x x0
5. () x () = ()
lim f(x) 0 g 1 x 0 , lim f(x) g(x) 0 .
x x0
x x0
( )
f > 0, x A
f(x) , ..
f(x) h(x) f(x) h(x) .
-1-
2012-2013

0
1. (3) , 0
lim f(x) , x x0
,
.
(x)
x 1
0

x
x
.
1. f(x) 2x (x 5)2 x , lim f(x) f(5) .
x 5
2.
f : , : x 5 f(x) x6 3x 4 x (1). :
3.
f(x)
f(x)
iii) lim
2
x
0
x
x
2
2
A f (x) 2f(x) x 0 , x R, lim f(x) 1 .
4.
f : f(A) ( 5, 2) . ..: lim x f(x) 0 .

x
i) lim f(x)
ii) lim
x 0
5.
x 0
x 0
f , g , f x 0 g x 0 x 0 .
lim f x g x 0 , lim f x 0 lim g x 0 .
x x0
x x0
x x0
6.
2 x 2 f(x) x 3 x 2 , :
2f 2 (x) 8
x1 x 2 3x 2
x1

f : , 1 xx f(x) x x 0, (1).
2
f(x) 2
x 1 x 1
i) lim f(x)
7.
ii) lim
iii) lim
()
f(x) 1
x 0
x
ii) lim f(x) f(0) , lim f(x)
i) lim
x 0
8.
()
x 0
f : , lim
x 0
i) lim f(x)
f(x)
2.
x
()
x 0
ii) x f(x) 0 , 0.
iii) f, g x f(x) g(x) x 2 x 2 f 2 (x) , 0, lim g(x) .
x 0
9.
f(x)
f : , : f(x) 1 x2 1 , x lim
, .
x 0 x
i) .
f(x) 1
x2
ii) f(x) f 2 (x) , x , lim 2 .
()
x
0
2
2
x
10. f f(x) ln x 1 x .
i) f.
ii) f .
iii) f ( ,0] , :
0 f 1 (x) 1 x 0 .
:
-2-
2012-2013
iv) lim x 2 f 1 (x) .

x0
()
11. f : , : x 1 f(x) x 1 , x (1).

lim
x 1
i) lim f(x) .
f(x)
, , :
x 1
x 1
ii) .
()
5
12. ) g g(x)
x 7 7
x
lim g(x) 0 .
A .
x 0
) f : . f , x5 7 7
lim
x 0
f(x) 0
()
13. f : , : f 2 (x) x 2 , x . :
i) lim f 2 (x) 0 .
ii) lim f(x) 0
x 0
iii) lim f(x) 0

x 0
x 0
f(x) 1
x
, x , lim 2 .
x
0
2
2
x
1
14. f : , : f (x) x , x
ii) f(x) f 2 (x)
()
lim f 2 (x) 1 .
x 1
i) : f(x) x , x .
ii) : y
iii) lim f(x) .
y2 1
, y .
2
()
x 1
15. f : , f x f x x x 0 0 . f x 0 0 .
3
.
16. , , :
i) lim
x 0
x
x3 x
2 x
iv) lim
x 0
x 4 2
ii) lim
x 0
x xx
v) lim
x 0
x
3x
iii) lim 2
x 0 x
1 x
vi) lim
x 3
(2x 6)
3x 9
1 x
A f {x |x , }
x
x2 ,
x0
viii) lim
ix) lim f(x) , f(x) 1 x
x 0
x 0
, x0
x
x x x
x) lim f(x) , f(x)

, A f {x |x , } ()
x 0
x 7x
7
vii) lim f(x) , f(x)

x 0
xi) lim
x 0
x x
()
x2
xii) lim
x 1
(x 1)
()
x 2 4x 5
xiii) lim
-3-
x 1
(x 1) 1
x 1
()
2012-2013
xiv) lim f(x) , f(x) (x 2)

x2
x 2011
1
xv) lim
()
x 0
x
x
1
x2
, A f (2, )
()
1 x
xvi) lim f(x) lim f , f(x)

A f
2
2
x 0
x 0
x
x 2x
1 x
xvi) lim f(x) lim f , f(x)

A f .
2
2
x 0
x 0
x
x 2x
()
17. f : f(A) (5,2) . : lim x f(x) 0 .

x
f(x)
x
x 2x ... x
19. : lim
28 .
x 0
x
x 2x ... x
120 .
20. : lim
x 0
x
18. f(x) x 1 2x , lim
()
x 0
()
()
.
21. f : lim f x . lim f x .
x x0
x x0
22. f : lim f x . lim f x .

x x0
23. f : * lim
x2
f 4 x
f x
x x0
0 . .
24. f f x y f x f y x, y f 0 0
lim f(x) 1 : ) f(0) 1
x 0
) lim f(x) f(x 0 )

x x0
25. f f x y f x f y x, y *
lim f(x) 0 , :
x 1
) f(1) 0
) lim f(x) f(x 0 )

x x0
x
x
) lim
.
x 0
2x 2 x
x 2x
26. : ) lim
2
27. f : lim
x 0
f x
x
1 . lim
x 0
f x2 x
2
x x
, .
.
28. f f(x) ln x 1 x .
) f.
) f .
) f (,0] , : 0 f 1 (x) 1
x 0 .
) lim x 2 f 1 (x) .
x 0
()
-4-
2012-2013
&
()
1:
101
555
1.6 x 0

1. . , :
.

, , ,
, 0 ,
, .

1. :
) g(x) f(x) x 0 lim g(x) lim f(x) .
x x0
x x0
) g(x) f(x) x 0 lim f(x) lim g(x) .

x x0
x x0
8
.
1.
(
) ,
7
x0= - 4 , -2 , 0 , 1 , 2 , 4 , 6 . [- 6 ,10] , ;
6
5
4
3
2
1
-9
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
10
11
12
-1
-2
-3
-d0
-g0
-4
-5
-6
-1-
-h0
-u0
-v0
2012-2013
. -
0
,
0
(: )
2.
) lim
x3
3.
9 x2
x 3 9x 2 27x 27
f(x)
3x
x
2
2 x x
) lim
) lim
x 0
x
x5 4 2 x3 1
x5
.
x 3x 2 4
3
) f.
) lim f(x)
x2
) lim f(x)
x 1
4.
1
1
) lim
x 0 x
1
3
) lim
2
x 1 x 1
x 1
2 2
) lim
x 0 x
x
5.
) lim e x ln x ,
6.
) lim log 3 x
ln x
x 0
x
) lim log 1 x
x
) lim
x 0 x
x
) lim
x x
) limx
) lim x
7.
x 0
x 0
x 0
) lim
x 0
. -
2x 2 5x 6
8. f(x)
, , , lim f(x) 14 .
x3
x3
) x 3 18 15 6 .
) , x 3 .
x 2 ( 1)x
9. , , lim
.
()
x 1
x 2 2x 1
x 3 x 2 2 1 x 3
,
R
f
x
10.
:

x 3 3x 2
, x 0 1 .
x 2 + 2
, , lim f(x) ;
x 1
x 2 -2x+1
x 5
.
12. R lim
2
x 9
2
x
11. f(x)=
-2-
2012-2013
&
()
1:
111
555
1.7

1. .
2. x , x , x , x .
3. x 0
:
4.
.
5. x , x (, ), 0 , :
x2 x x .
6. , x , x ( ,), <0 ,
:
x2 x x .
[ ]
1. g x f x h x lim h x lim g x , lim f x .
x
[. ]
2. g x f x lim g x lim f x .
[ ]
3. g x f x lim f x lim g x .
[ ]
.
1.
1, 186 ()
2.
2 (i,ii,iii,iv), 187 ()
3.
4 (i,iii), 187 ()
-1-
2012-2013
.
4.
f(x)
[3 (i,iii,v), B4(ii), 186]
x3
16x 2 4x
) f .
) lim f(x) lim f(x) .
x
) lim f(x) lim f(x) .

x 0
()
1
4
.
5.
[2 (v), 3 (ii,iv,vi), 186]
x 2x x x
) lim x 3x 4x x x ()
) lim
1) lim
x 2 3x x
2) lim
4x 2 x 2x
) lim( x 2 2x 1 4x 2 1 9x 2 3x) ()
x
) lim ( 9x 1 4x 1 25x ) ()
x
. - /
[1,2,3, 187]
6.
lim ( 2 2)x 3 x 2 ( 2)x 3 .

x
7.
f(x)
P(x)
, P(x) ( 1)x 2 x 5 Q(x) ( 2)x 3 x 2 2 .
Q(x)
lim f(x) .
()
( 1)x 4 (2 1)x 3 x 5
.
x
(1 )x 3 x 1
8.
, : lim
9.
lim
()
x 2 x 1 x .
10. , lim ( x 2 -4x+2-x-)=3 .

x
x 2 +1
-x+ , lim f(x) =1.
x
x+1
3f(x) - 8x
f(x)
1 lim
12. lim
.
x 2x 3f(x)
x x
11. f(x)=
13. lim
xf(x)
x-1
lim f(x) .
x
14. f (0, ) . lim 2x 4x 2 1 3f(x) 6 ,

x
lim f(x) .
x
-2-
2012-2013
x 2 f(x) x 2 1
2 :
x
x2 3
15. f : (0, ) lim
xf(x)+x+1
=1
x
x+2
P(x)
P(x)
3 lim 2
3 x 0 .
16. P(x) : lim 2
x x 2x 1
x x0 x 2x 1
()
i) lim f(x)
ii) , lim
17. f lim
, :
(i) lim
f 8x
(ii) lim
f x
f 2x
f x
5 . , -
f 8x f x
f 2x f x
.
18. ) x : x 2 2x f(x) 3x 2 2x 2 , lim f(x) .
x
) x xf(x) x 2 1 1 , lim f(x) .

x
19. f
3x 5
3x 2 10
f(x)
x 0 . lim f(x) .
x
x
x2
5x 2 2x
.
x
x 2 100
xx
, xR
21. f x 2
x 1
x
x
f x 2
) : 2
x R .
x 1
x 1
20. lim
lim f x lim f x .
lim
()
f x
22. f : R R f x
x 2 1 x 2x
f x
lim f x .
x 1 x
.
23. :
) lim 3x
) lim 5x
24. :
) lim log 5 x
) lim log 0,3 x
25. :
) lim ln
) lim 0, 5x
x
) lim 0, 5x
x
2-x
2+x 2
) lim ln(e x x 1)
x
-3-
2012-2013
2x 2
26. f(x) ln
0 .
2x
) f.
) lim f(x) .
x 0
) lim f(x) .
x
) lim f(x) ln x .
()
5x
27. ) lim x
.
x 3 2 x
x 5x
) lim x
.
x 2 5 x
2x x
28. : ) lim x 1
, 0
x
2 x 1
()
x 1 x 1
) lim x 2
, 0, 0
x
x
()
ex2 2x
29. f x ln x
x .
x 1
e 2
30. lim
31. lim
3 2 log x
.
1 2 log x
x 0
9 x 3 x 1 2 3 x .
.
32. :
) lim
x
1
x
) lim x 3
x
) lim
x
1
x3
1
x
) lim x 4
x
1
x3
x
x
) lim
4x 2 x
x x 3 8
) lim
) lim
x
x
4x x
x x x
) lim
1
) lim x
x
x
) lim
2x
x 1+x 2
33. x x
Ox 1.
) x.
ON
, .
OM
) (ON) (OM) , .()
)

5 3 4 2 2 1 5 2
3
34. :
1 3 1
-4-
2012-2013
&
()
1:
121
555
1.8)
[ ]

.
1. [ ]
f x 0 A (3) ():
) f x 0 A (
lim f(x) lim f(x) )
x x0
x x0
) f(x 0 ) ( f x 0 x 0 )
) : lim f(x) lim f(x) f(x 0 ) .
x x0
x x0
2. , f x 0 A :
lim f(x) f(x 0 )
x x0
lim f(x) f(x0 ) 0

x x0
lim f(x0 h) f(x 0 )
h 0
lim f(x0 h) f(x 0 ), x 0 0

h 1
3. x 0
.
4. f : [x 0 ,) x 0 () lim f(x) f(x0 ) ,
x x0
5. f : (, x 0 ] x 0 () lim f(x) f(x0 ) .

x x0
6. f ( ) x 0 A :
) lim f(x) f(x 0 ) ( )
x x0
) x 0 A .
7. ! x 0 A , f x 0 ,
x 0 .
8. f x 0 , x 0 .
:
-1-
2012-2013
9. f x 0 , :
x 0 A
lim f(x)
x x0
lim f(x)
x x0
lim f(x) f(x 0 )

x x0
.
10. [ ]
f : A ,
, (, lim f(x) f(x 0 ) x 0 A )
x x0
11. , .
12. ) f(x
000 )))
f(x
f(x
f(x
)
0
f(x
f(x
f(x
000))))
000)))))
(/
limf(x)
f(x
f(x
f(x
f(x
f(x0).
0 )
limf(x)
limf(x)
f(x
f(x
f(x
0
000
limf(x)
f(x
limf(x)
limf(x)
limf(x)
limf(x)
limf(x)
limf(x)
000xxx xxx
13.
0x x
000xx xxx
00xx
xx ,
0xx x
.

xx00
xx00
-z
-z
-o0
-o0
f
A (,)
(,x 0 ) ( x 0 ,)
xx0
0 ( ,x 0 ) ( x 0 , )
xx11
xx0x0
0
-z
-z
-z
-z
-o0
-o0
-o0
-o0
f .
xx0 0
xx0
(,x1 ) ( x1 , x 0 ) ( x0 ,) 0
1.
.
2. ,

( ).
3. f x 0 f(x 0 )
lim f(x) , lim f(x)=f(x 0 ) .
x x0
x x0
-2-
2012-2013

. .
[1,2, 3 .197-198]
ln(x+2) , x 2
1. N f(x)
2 .
2(x+2) , x 2
e x-2 ,
x [0, 2)
2. N f(x)
x 0 2 .
0,
x2
1
2x - 3 , x (2, )
ln(x - 2)
(x 1)f(x) (x-1)
4 ,
3. A f x 0 1 lim
x 1
x 1
f(1) .
xf(x)-x
= , f x 0 0 .
4. A lim
x 0
x 2 -x
5. A f x 0 2 , f(2) ,
2x 3 8x ( x 2)f ( x) 3x 3 6x 2 4x 8 , x .
6. A x f ( x) 3 g(x) 5 g 2 g(2) 5 , f
2.
7. f : R R : f x x 2 x R :
) f x 0 0 .
f x
x0
) g x x
x 0 0 .
0
x0
8. f,g, h : A . :
) f g h f, g x 0 A , h
x0 A .
) h(x) x f(x) e x g(x) , h x 0 A g x 0 A , f x 0 A .
9. f : : f 3 x f x f 2 x x ,
x R . f x 0 0 .
10. f : R R x 0 0 , x R
2 x 2xf x f 2 x 2 x x x 2f x .
11. f,g : : f 2 x g 2 x 2f x 5 4g x 2x ,
x . f, g x0
.
2
.
[3 .198]
2
f x 2x
xf x 2x 3f 2 6x
1 f , lim
12. lim
.
x2
x2
x2
x2
-3-
2012-2013

x,
x2
13. f(x) 2
.
2
f (6 x ), x 2
z.
()
.
[1,2 .198]
2 3
x x 2 , x 1
14. f x
, , f
2
,x 1
ln x x
.
x 2 +x-5
, x1
15. f(x) x-1

, , f
7
, x1
.
.
16. f : f(x y) f(x) f(y) x,y , :
) f(0) 0 .
) f x 0 0 , f R.
) f x 0 , f R.
17. f : * * f(x y) f(x) f(y) x, y * , :
) f(1) 1 .
) f x 0 1 , f * .
) f x0 R * , f R * .
18. f : * x 0 0 :
f(x 3y) f(x) f(3y) (*) x, y .

) f(0) .
) f .
()
2
19. f 4f ( x) f ( x 2) 3x 6x , x ,
lim f(x) 5 . f 1, f 1 .
x 1
.
20. f : [2, ) , x 2
x 2f(x) x 2 3x 2 .
21. f : , x
x x f x x x .
22. f : x 1 f x x 2 x 2 , x
1, 3 C f .
) , R .
) f x x 2 , x .
) lim f 2 x
x
1
f x
3
-4-
2012-2013
&
()
1:
131
555
1.8 &
1. [,] , .
y
(
a
63
[
a
()
()
() , [, ] !
Bolzano
2. Bolzano
.
3. Bolzano ,
x (,) , f(x 0 ) 0 .
4. Bolzano .
5. Bolzano f(x 0 ) 0
( ).
.
6. . Bolzano:
f()
f
x x xx
.
x0
x1
x2
f()
7. :
x 0 f(x) 0
x 0 f
x 0 , f xx
-1-
2012-2013
x2
x0
x1
x2
f()
-q
8. Bolzano,
f()
-w
-q
f [,] f() f() -u0
-w
.
-q1
-u0
-a2
-q1
-b2
-a2
-x2
-b2
-r3
-x2
x0
f()<0 ,f()<0
f()<0 ,f()<0
9. f ,
x x , .
[ ]
y
65
f ( x )>0
a
O
O
f ( x )<0
()
()
10. f f .
[ ]
[ f(x) 0 x (1 , 2 )
1 , 2 f]
11. f :
[ f() < 0]
f(x) 0 x
f() 0 ,
f(x) 0 x f
x0 [,] , f()
x0
12.
f
f()
f() f() 0 , f

(,) .
x1
f
x0
x0
x2
x0
x1
x2
13. f (,)
f()
, f -q
[,]
f()
-q
-w
14. f (,) [,], -w
-u0
-u

-q1
-q
-a2
-a
-b2
-b
-x2
-r3
-w3
f()<0 ,f()<0
f
:
x0-2-
2012-2013

15. Bolzano.
16. . ,
f() f() !
17. :
y [f(),f()] C f .
18. :
f() f
.
19. f() f ().

)
(
f()
20.
)
)
) ) ) )
f()
)
(
(
(
(
( f()( =

(
(
( :
(
(
(
=
(
() f()
f()
.
)
, f [,] f [,] [m,M] , m fmin M fmax .

)
, f()>0 .
f()>0
21. !
f(x2)= M
f()
=
f()= f()
f()=
f()
m
=(, )
f()=[m, M] f()
f()
f()=
=(, )

f()
f()=[m,y=
M)
f()== f()
y=
M
x2
f(x1)=m
f()
m =
f()
f()
f()
y=
x1 f(x)
=(, )
f()=(m, M)
f()
f()
=[, ]
f()=[m, M]
f()=3

y=
-3y= f()=
f()
f()
2012-2013

1. . Bolzano f
x. , :
) f.
) ,
f .
f .
2. ( )
Bolzano
( 0 )
.

.
3. , , (
)
1-1

.
4. [ . Bolzano]. f(x) 0
(, ), . Bolzano
[,] .
(, ), . Bolzano
[, ] [,] . (,) , f() f() 0 f f 0 .
[,] ,

.
2
[, ] [, ) (, ],
f() f() 0 .
f() f() 0 f() 0 f() 0

f() f() 0 . Bolzano.
5. x 0 (,) f(x 0 ) g(x 0 ) , Bolzano [, ] h(x) f(x) g(x) .
6. Cf , Cg
x 0 (,) x 0 [,] , -
f g f(x) g(x) f(x) g(x) 0 .

,
h(x)=f(x) g(x), x Df Dg ,
Bolzano .
:
-4-
2012-2013
7. f , x [,] , :
f [,] f()
f() ,
f [,] f.
8. .
Bolzano ( ), .
, .. .
-5-
2012-2013

:
, . - ,
, ,
.
. Bolzano
[ 6,7,8,9, 4,5,7*,8, .198-200]

[, , , - ]
1.
Bolzano
1 x 3x 1 , 3 x 1
f(x)
[3, 5]
2 x 1 x 1 , 1 x 5
2.
, Bolzano 2x-, 1 x 1
f(x) 5x-3, 1 x 2 [ 1, 3] .
x 2 -+1, 2 x 3
3.
4.
1
x x .
x
, 0 , x x ( )

.
5.
e x 1 ln x .
6.
N
( x 2)( x 3) 4( x 1)( x 3) 7( x 1)( x 2) 0 (1, 3) .
. &
[ 10, 6, .199-200]
7.
f x 4 x 2 , x
2 ,1 .
8.
f x 4 x 2 x f x 0 .
9.
f : [ 1, 2] R f x x 3 x 2 .
) f.
) f x 0 [ 1, 2] .
[ 9, . 200]
10. f f : [2, 4] . N x 0 [2, 4] f(x0 )

:
f(2)+2f(3)+3f(4)
.
6
-6-
2012-2013
.
11. 7x2012 3x2014 2 ( 1,1) .
2
2
2
0 , , 0 ,
x x 1 x 1
1 1 2 2
1 , 2 1,1
.
1 2
2
12.
13. f : x
f 3 ( x) f 2 ( x) f ( x) xe x x , (0,1) .
14. lnx x 0 , 1
2
(0,1) .
15. f f x f 2 x 0 x,
f x 0
16. e x x 2 0 .
17. * , x x (0, ] .
18. f : [0, 4] f(0) f(4) h(x) f(x) f(x 2) .
) h
) h .
) f(x)=f(x+2) [0, 2] .
19. f : ,
f 3 x 3x 2 f x x 6 1 0 x .
) f x 0 x .
) f(0) .
) f(x) 0 x .
20. f [0,] 3 x f 2 (x) 1 x [0, ] ,
f (0,) .
21. f : f(2) 1 1, 4 f(x) 0 .
lim[(1 f(3))x 3 2x 3] .
x
22. f : . f ( , 2] ,
[2, ) , lim f(x) lim f(x) , f(2) 0 .
x
) f.
) f(x) 0
23. f : * : f 2 (x) 6f(x) 5 x 4 4x 2 ,
x . :
) f(1)
) f
x
) lim
x f(x)
:
-7-
2012-2013
24. f f(x) f(x 3) 0, x .

x 0 [0, 3] , f(x 0 ) f(x 0 2) .
25. f(x) g(x) : g(x) 1 f 2 (x) , x f(-2) f(1) 0 .
g B 2, , f .
[ ]
26. f : f(1) 2f(2) 3f(3) 0 f(x) 0 x ,
f .
2
3
27.
1 ,1 f x x f x 5 .
f 1 ,1 .
28. f R. x R
f 2 x 3f x 2 0 . f .
29. f [0, 5] f(1) f(2) f(3) 0 .

f(x) 0 [0, 5] .
30. z1 1 i z 2 ( )z 5 0,
, . (0,1) 3 ( ) e 0 .
31. f , lim f(x) 2 .
x 0
x 0 (0,1) f(x 0 ) 1 .
32. f f(5) 7 .
f(x) 6 , f .
33. x 3 x 2 0 , , R , 0 , 1 0 .
1 ,1 .
34. f x 0, 2 0 f x 2 x 0, 2 . x 0 0, 2 f 2 x 0 2f x 0 x 0 0 .
35. f : 0, R , f 0 f .
x 0 0, , f x 0 f x 0 .
2
36. f [1,2] f 2 6 , f 1 f 2 8 , , x 0 1 , 2 f x 0 x 0 x 02 .
37. f : me f(x) x , x . C f
A(3, 2) , :
) f(x) x , x .
) ( 1,1) , : f() 1 .
38. f :R R f 1 1 ,
f f x x 6 f x 0 x R . N f (1) f (0).
-8-
2012-2013
2
e
, [2, 5] .
x x 1
2012 f(x) 0 [2, 5] .
39. f(x)
40. f ( x) xe x 1 x 2 x 1 . x1 , x 2 , x 3 [ 1,0]
A( x1 , 1), B( x 2 ,0), ( x 3 ,1) f.
41. f : [1, 3] lim f(x) 2 f(1)f(3) 10 . N
x 1
f(x) 4 (1, 3) .
42. f : [,] [,] . f
x 0 [,] y x .
43. f [ 1 , 2] f(1) f(2) ,
x 0 ( 1 , 2) 3f( 1) 4f(2) 7f(x 0 ) .
44. f : [,] , f() f() 0 ,
, , N * (,) . x 0 (,) ,
( )f(x 0 ) f() f() f() .
2 x 2 x 12 , x 1
45. f x
5
, x 1 , , .
x
,x 1
) , f x 0 1 .
) f lim f(x)
x
i)
h(x) f(x) g(x) , g(x) ln(x-1) .
ii)
C h xx .
iii)
x f x
2005
y = , R
R .
46. f : : f f(x) f (x) 3

f(1) 4 .
) : lim
f 1 x 3 2x 1
f 4 x2 x 2
) lim f(x) 8 , C f 6.
x5
) g(x) x f(x) 30 (x) .

Cg xx
(4,7) .
) x 0 [1,7] , 10f(x) 2f(2) 3f(3) 5f(5) .
47. f : (0,1] f(x)
1
ln x
x
) f
) (0, 1] 2 ln 2 3 .
:
-9-
2012-2013
48. :

.
,
.

.

.
!
, :
-10-
2012-2013
&
()
2:
141
555
2.1

1. f x 0 ,
:
x 0 .
, x 0 x 0 , , x0 x 0 , .
x 0 .
2. H x 0 :
x = S(t)
t 0 (t 0 ) S(t 0 ) , .
: , t 0
(t 0 ) 0 .
, t 0
S t S t0
t t0
S t S t0
t t0
0,
0 ,
(t 0 ) 0 .
, (t) t 0
(t 0 ) (t 0 ) , .
[ ]
1. x 0 , x 0 .
[ . 217 ]
2. x 0 x 0 .
[ ]
1. , ... , , .
:
-1-
2012-2013
2. .
, , , , .
3. f x 0 D f
f x 0
x 0
.
4. ,
, x 0
, :
f x 0 x x 0 .
f x f x0
x x0
..
f x f x0
lim
f x0 .
x x0
x x0
5. f,
(.. )
, (. x 0 ), :
f
f x f
lim
x
f x f x0
x x0
x x 0
.
x x 0 h . :
f x x 0 h ,
g
x
h, h 0
x0
6. , f x f x0
lim
f x x0
x x0
.
-2-
2012-2013

[ .219-221]
1.

) f(x) x 2 x x 0 1 x 0 2 .
) g( x) 1 1 2x , x , , x 0 0 .
2.
3.
4.
+x
, x0
f(x)
, , f 0.
2
x+ x +4 , x 0
x 2 +x+
, x>1
f(x)
, , , f x 0 1 .
x-1
2
x +2x- , x 1
g 2 (x) , x 0
g(0) 1,g(0) 2 . , f(x)

,
x+ , x 0
x 0 0 .
5.
f 1 x :
f x 3 x 2 x 3 f x . , , f x = 1 .
6.
f x 0 1 lim
x 1
f x 0 1 .
7.
8.
f x 0 , lim
f(x) 2
3 ,
x 1
f(x)-f()
.
x-
A g x 0 , f ( x) x g( x)
x
x 0 g() 0 .
9.
f, g x 0 0 f(0) g(0) 0
f( x) g(x) x , f (0) g(0) .
10. x f ( x) 2 g(x) 1 g(x 0 ) 1 g (x 0 ) 0 , f

x 0 .
11. f, g x 0 1 f(1) g(1)
f( x) x g( x) x 2 , x , : f (1) g(1) 1 .
12. f : 2x x f 2 (x) 2x f(x) 2x ,
x . f (0) 1 .
13. A x f 2 (x) g 2 (x) x6 2x 3 1 f, g x 0 =-1 , :
) f( 1) g( 1) 0
2
f ( 1) g( 1) 9
14. f : f (1) 0 .
)
f(x 1) , x 2
g(x)
2.
f(3x 5) , x 2
15. f 1, x 2 f 3 (x) 2f(x) x 3 1 ,
x . N f 1.
:
-3-
2012-2013
16. f x 0 :
f(x0 2h) f(x 0 )

=2f (x 0 )
h 0
h
f(x h) f(x 0 3h)
) lim 0
= - 4f (x 0 )
h 0
h
x f(x) x 0 f(x 0 )
) lim
f(x 0 ) x 0 f (x 0 )
x x0
x x0
) lim
f (x 0 )
f(x h) f(x 0 )
1
lim 0
x h 1
h 1
17. f : f 3 (x) f(x) x x , x .

:
(i)
f x x x , x R .
(ii) f 0.
18. f, g : f 2 (x) g 2 (x) x 2 2 x ,
x . :
) f x x x g x x x , x .
) f g 0.
***********
19. f : f( x y) f( x) f( y) 2xy x, y f(0) 0 .
N
) f 0, f .
) f f() 0 , f .
20. f : 0, 0, :
f(x y) f(x) f(y) f(x) f(y) , x, y . f
x 0 , f .
21. f x, y :
f(x) y 2 f(x y) f(x) y 2 . f x 0 .
22. f , x0 0 ,
xf(x) 2 x x 4 x . f
x0 0 .
23. f 1 f (1) 2 , x, y * f(x y) f(x) f(y) (1) . f x 0 *, f (x 0 )
2
.
x0
24. f : x 0 0 .
f(x) f(x)
( ) f (0) , , .
x 0
x
25. f x, y
lim
f(x) f(y) x y
(1) . :
f(x) f(y) x y x, y .
2
) f x0 , f (x0 ) 0 .
:
-4-
2012-2013
&
()
2:
151
555
2.2

1. f (x) f(x) . f.
, f (x 0 ) f(x 0 ) .
f (x 0 ) f x 0 , f(x 0 ) 0,
f(x 0 ) .
2. .
3. f , f .

4. f ,
f .
5. f(x) x 0, 0, .
6. f x 0 D f ( f () (x0 ) ), f ( 1) x 0 (x 0 , x 0 ) ( , x 0 ]
[x 0 ,) , 0 .
)
7. ! f ( (x) ( ) f (x) (
), :
f () (x) f ( 1) (x) f (x) f 1 (x) f(x) .
-1-
2012-2013

[ 1,2,4,5 1,2 .227-228]
1.
: lim
ex 1
1.
x
2.
lim
ln x
1.
x 1
3.
f : x 0 0 :
x 0
x 1
f( ) f() f() , . :
) f(0) 0
) f (x) f (0)x x
4.
f : , f(x y) f(x) f(y) x, y .

) f(0) 0 .
) f(x y) f(x) f(y) .

) f .
) f 0 , f .
5.
f: 0, f(x y) f(x) f(y) , x, y (0, )
1 x f(x)
6.
1 x
, f x 0 (0, ) .
x
f : x 0 1 f(1) 1 f (1) 1 . :
)
f(x)
lim
x 1
xf(x) 1
) lim
x 1
x 1
x 1
) lim
x 1
7.
xf(x) 1
x 1
f , g :
f x 0
g x0 .
(f g)(x) x0 , g(x 0 ) 0 .
-2-
2012-2013
&
()
2:
16
555
1
2.3 -

1. x
.
: .
2. f, g x 0 , (f g)(x 0 ) f (x 0 ) g(x 0 ) f(x0 ) g(x0 )
f(x ) g(x ) 0 f(x

0
) g(x 0 ) .

.
3. f x 0 ,
f g , f g
f
x 0 .
g
x 0
.
4. f, g x 0
f g f g
f
x 0 .
g
x
f x
0
x x
x0
, g x
x0
x
x0

x0
x 0 0 , f g (f g)(x) x
x0 0 .
-1-
2012-2013
5. f
, :
i) f , f.
ii) f ,
x 0 ,
, f ,
,
.
: .
6. f ,g f(x) g(x) f (x) g(x) . f (x) g(x)
f(x) g(x) .
7. f , f 1
f() f (x) 0, x f() , :
f x f f 1 x , x f
x f() f f 1 (x) x :
1
f f 1 x x f f 1 x f 1 x 1 (f 1 )(x)
, x f() (1) .
f f 1 (x)
(1) , f(x 0 ) y 0 f (x 0 ) 0 , (f 1 )(y 0 )
1
.
f x0
[ ]
1. f , f .
2. f , f
.
******
:
,

.
, ,
.
:
-2-
2012-2013
( )
1)
f(x) c
(c) 0
2)
f(x) x
(x) 1
3)
f(x) x , {0,1}
(x ) x 1
4)
f(x) x , *
(x ) x 1
(x ) x 1
[0, ) , 1 ,
(0, ) , 1
5)
f(x) x ,
[0, ) , 0 ,
(0, ) , 0
6)
f(x) lnx
(0, )
(ln x)
7)
f(x) logx
(0, )
(log x)
8)
f(x) ln x
(ln x)
9)
f(x) x
[0, )
x 2 1x
(0, )
10) f(x) e x
(e x ) e x
11) f(x) x , 0
( x ) x ln
12) f(x) x
(x) x
13) f(x) x
(x) x
A f {x / x 0}
(x)
14) f(x) x
15) f(x) x
{x / x
, }
2
(x)
A f {x / x 0}
{x / x , }
1
x
(0, )
1
x ln 10
1
x
(0, )
*
1
2 x
(1 2x)
A f A f
1
2 x
(1 2x)
A f A f
1
x
1
1
x 2
x

17) f(x) x
1, x 0
x
1, x 0
16) f(x)
-3-
2012-2013
: f(x) x , , * .
, : f(x) x A f [0, ) .
x)
, x0
, : f(x) x
x ,
x0
Af .
, -

.
( )

( )
1)
(f g)(x) f (x) g(x)
2)

3)

( f)(x) f (x)
( 1 f1 2 f2 ... f )(x) 1 f1 (x) 2 f2 (x) ... f (x)
(f g)(x) f (x) g(x) f(x) g(x)

4)
(f g h)(x) f (x) g(x) h(x) f(x) g(x) h(x) f(x) g(x) h(x)
( 3 -
)
f
f (x) g(x) f(x) g (x)
(x)
g 2 (x)
g
5)
( )

g f g(),
f g :
(f g)(x) f (g(x)) g(x) f(g(x)) f (g(x)) g(x)
u g(x) , : f(u) f (u) u
y f(u) u g(x) , :
y f(u 1 (u 2 (u 3 (....u (x)....))))) , :
dy dy du
( )
dx du dx
du
dy dy du1 du 2
...
dx du1 du 2 du 3
dx
3
-4-
2012-2013
( V )

u f(x) , f
, :
f(x) ,
:
1)
f (x) f
2)
3)
1)
u u
2)
u 2uu , u 0
f(x) f(x) f (x)
3)
u u u
4)
f(x) f(x) f (x)
4)
u u u
5)
f (x)
f(x) 1f(x) f(x)
f(x)
5)
u
u 1 u u
u
6)
f(x) 1f(x) f (x) f (x)

f(x)
6)
u 1 u u u u
7)
e e
7)
e e
8)
1
f (x)
f (x)
ln f(x) f(x)
f(x)
8)
ln u u1 u uu
9)
log
9)
log
(x) f (x), {0,1}
f (x)
f(x)
, f(x) 0
2 f(x)
f(x)
f(x)
f (x)
f(x)
10) f(x)
f(x)f (x)
ln
f(x)
10) u
11) f (x) f 1(x) f (x), f(x) 0, {0,1}
u , {0,1}
u uln
ln f (x)
ln u
11) u
u, u 0, {0,1}
! (x) [f(x)]g(x) f(x) 0 , (x) eg(x)lnf(x)
(x) [f(x)]g(x) eg(x)ln f(x) eg(x)ln f(x) g(x) ln f(x) [f(x)]g(x) g(x) ln f(x) ...
:
.
,
.
-5-
2012-2013

1.
[ 1,2,3,4,6,12,13,14,15 7,9 .238-240]

:
ex
) f x
, g x x x
x x
ln x
, h x
,
x 1
1 x
1 x
1 x
2 x
ln x
2x 1
, g x
, h x
, x
) f x
x 2
1 x
1 x
ex
) f(x) x 2 2 x 2 x
x 1
ex
x 1
xe
x

x
) f(x) x x , x 0, g(x) (x)x , x 0, , h(x) (x 1) x , x 1, (x) 33 , x
2
)
2.
f(x) x , x 0, g(x) log x 1 (x), x (1, 2) (2, ), h(x) ( 2 x)( 2 x) .
Leibniz ( ):
) (x) ln(x), x (0,)
)
3.
k(x) 4 (3x 2 1)
,
:
) f(x) (e x 1) ln(x 1)
) g(x) ln(1 x 2 )
) h(x)
4.
5.
6.
e ex
(2x 1) ln x
N f x 0 : f(x) x x x 0 0 .
1
f : f 3 (x) xf (x)
x
x 0 . N f (1) .
A f , :
) f (0)
) g(0) , f (0) =1 g(x) f(x)x f(x)
2 x
, f 3f .
2
1+ x
4
4
7.
f(x)=
8.
f(x) e x(x) , f (x) 2f (x) 2 2 f(x) 0 .
9.
N :
) f x x 2 ln x , 2f(x) xf (x) x 2 0
) y
dy
x
x 1 y 0
, x
x
dx
e
) y e x x x , y 2y 2e xx 0
:
-6-
2012-2013
10. f x
f(x 2 )=xf(x) , f (1) 0 .
11. f x :
f(2x 3) f(x) . f x 0 3
xx.
12. A f( x)
64
27
, x0 (0, ) f (x 0 ) 0 .
x x
2
13. A f(x) x 2 g(x) x ,

) (g f)(1) g f(1) f (1) (g f)(1) .
) (g f)(0) g f(0) f (0) . (g f)(0) ;
14. P x x x .
2
15. P(x) x : P x 4P x
P(0) 4 .
2
16. N P(x) , P(0) 1 (P(x))2 P(x) 8P(x) .

17. ) (x) 2 , x 2
. , x x x 0 .
2
) x 1
2
f x x 1 x 1 2 1 x 2 2 , 2 .
) ,
x x 4 4 x 2 1 x 3 4 x 2 .
2
18. f x x 3 x 2 x 1 , 2 , 3
. :
i)
f x
f x
1
1
1
x 1 , 2 , 3
x 1 x 2 x 3
ii)
3
1
2
0
f 1 f 2 f 3
iii)
f 0
1
1
1

1 2 3
f 0
1
1
1 f 0 f 0 2 2
iv) 2 2 2

f 0
1 2 3 f 0
2
2
19. :
) S1 1 e x e 2x e 3x e
) S 2 e x 2e 2x 3e 3x e x , .
:
-7-
2012-2013
20. f : , f(x y) e y f(x) e x f(y) ,

x, y, , :
) f(0) 0
) f (x) f(x) f (0)e x , x .
21. f : * f(xy) f(x) f(y)
x,y R * f 0 . :
f (x) y
f (y) x
) f (1) f ( 1) 0
22. f : , :
f (0) 1 f(x y) f(x y) 2f(x)f(y) x, y .
: f (x) f(x) x .
[ f() ]
23. :
1
( 1) !
)
f ( ( x)
,
x
x 1
1
( 1) !
) f(x)
, f ( ) (x)
* x { 1} .
1
x1
(x 1)
) f(x)

+x ,
) f(x) x f () ( x)
2

) f(x) x , f () (x) x
2
) f(x) xe x , f () (x) ex (x ) .
24. f x x 1x 1 1x 0 ,
0 , 1 , ,1 , 0 .
f () (x) ! f ( ) (x) 0 .
[ f-1]
25. . f : (,) R , . f x 0 (,) f (x 0 ) 0 f
f
f(x 0 ) :
f(x 0 ) (f 1 ) f(x 0 )
1
.
f (x 0 )
. f(x) e x x , (f
)(1) .
26. f(x) e x x 3 x , x .
(i)
f f -1
(ii) f -1 D f -1 ,
(f 1 )(1)
1
.
2

27. A f(x) x , x , (f 1 )(x)

2 2
1
1 x2
, x ( 1,1) .
-8-
2012-2013
&
()
2:
17
555
1
2.1 - 2.3

1. C f f (x0 , y 0 )
(x0 , y 0 ) (x0 ,f(x0 )) f(x 0 ) f x 0 .
, :
y f(x 0 ) f (x 0 )(x x 0 )
:
f , :
) A(x 0 , f(x 0 )) -
Cg
:
: y=x+ .
Cf M(x 0 , f(x 0 )) ,
) : ,
f(x0)=g(x0)
f(x0)= x

0+ x 0 , x 0 -
x0f.
1) (x0,f(x0)) C
) f (x0 ) f(x0 ) .
)
[5 220, 7,B1,11 239]
y f(x0 ) f (x0 )(x x 0 ) .
g(x0 )
[10 239]
2) ( ) , Cf.
) M(x 0 , f(x 0 )) o
(): y y 0 f (x0 )(x x0 ) .
f(x0)
(, , x 0 )
)
)

.
x 0
Cf
A
x0
.
3)
) M(x 0 , f(x 0 )) o .
)
f (x 0 ) , x 0 .
, , .
[3 228, 8,9,B2,6 239]
-1-
x0
2012-2013
4)
[A11, 2 239]
: y x C f
M(x 0 , f(x 0 )) C f :
::y=x+
y=x+
CCff
f(x
f(x0)0)==x
x00+
+
M
M
) (),
f ( x 0 ) x 0 .
xx00
) ()
C f , f (x 0 ) .
5)
M(x 0 , f(x 0 )) .
f g
Cf
x 0 :
f(x0)=g(x0)
f(x0)
M
C
f
) f(x 0 ) g(x 0 ) ,
[3 239]
Cg
Cf
f(x0)=g(x0)
x0
x0
.
x 0
f(x0)
= g(x
0)
.
6) ()

() C f Cg ,
Cg
) f () g()
Cf
f g.
) C f ( ,f ()) ,
(,g()) .
, .
7) ()
[4,10 239]
() C f
( ,f ()) Cg . (,g()) Cg
:
) f () g() Ag Cg ().
) Cg
( ,f ()) .
:
-2-
M
A
x0
x0
) f (x 0 ) g (x 0 ) , C f Cg
( ,f ()) (,g())
Cg
)
0f(x)
C f Cg , yf(x
M
y g(x) ,
2012-2013

1.
f(x) x 2 x 3 0, 1 .
C f .
2.
f(x) ln x x 2 3 , , R : 2x y 4 0 C f A 1,f(1) .
3.
f f(x) x f(x) 2x 3 4x 4 x . C f A 1,f(1) .
4.
f : xlnx f(x) x 2 x x . x 0 1
C f M 1, f(1) .
5.
f(x) x 2 x 1 . C f :
6.
) (1,1)
) (2,1) .

f(x) x 2 4x 33 , g(x) x2 1 .
7.
f f(x) x 3 x 2 2x 5 () : 2x y 1 .
) ()
f .
) () C f .
8.
f(x) x e x1 g(x) x 3 3x 2 5x . C f A 1,f(1) , Cg .
9.

f(x) 2x x 2 g(x) x 2 4x 1 .
10. f y 2x 1 C f
f 2 (x) 1
.
x 1
x1
1 . lim
11. f(x) x 2 2x 6 7 , .
) , f
.
) , C f xx.
-3-
2012-2013
&
()
2:
181
555
2.4

1. y f(x) x 0 .
y x x 0 f (x 0 )
y x f (x).
2. x,y y f(x) f
x, :
) y x , f (x) 0 .
) y x , f (x) 0 .
[ ]
3. S S(t) t. H S
t .
4. S t t 0 S(t 0 )
, S t t 0 , ()
t 0 (t 0 ) .
S(t 0 ) = (t 0 ) .
, ,
(t) S(t) .
5. t t 0 (t 0 ) , t t 0 , ()
t 0 (t 0 ) .
, ,
(t 0 ) = ( t 0 ) = S( t 0 ) .
, , . (t) (t) S(t) .

6. , :
)
S(t) 0 , .
S(t) 0 , .
S(t) 0 , .
S(t) 1 , ( ).
S(t) 2 , ( ).
) (t) S(t) 0 , .
:
-1-
2012-2013
(t) S(t) 0 , .
(t) S(t) 0 , .
(t) S(t) 1 , .
(t) S(t) 2 , .
) (t) S(t) 0 , .
) (t) S(t) 0 , .
) (t) S(t) 0 , .
) (t) S(t) 1 , .
) (t) S(t) 2 , .
[ ]
7. , , ()
x .
8. : P( t ) (t ) K (t ) (1),
:
(x 0 ) x, x x 0 x 0 .
E(x 0 ) , x x x 0 x 0 .
P(x 0 ) P
x, x x 0 x 0 .
9. (1) : P( t ) (t ) K (t ) .
10. , :
K(x)
.
x
E(x)
( ) x , E (x)
.
x
P(x)
x , P (x)
.
x
x , K (x)
[ ]
11. y x [ y y(x) ] x t ( x x(t) ), y
t [ y(t) y(x(t)) ].
12. (g f)(x) g f(x) f (x)

dy dy du
, y g(u) u f(x) , .
dx du dx
dy
, x .
dx
dy
14.
x , y
dx
.
13.
-2-
2012-2013
1.

( )
2.
(x, y) (x, y) 0 t. :
( x(t), y(t)) 0 .
t.
3. x ,y
y y
y, y 2 2px ,
x2 y 2 1 . , ,
) t: x x(t) , y y(t)
) t.
[ ]
3 m ' .
0,1 m/sec.
2,5 m :
) .
) .
:
, x, y, t. : x(t), y(t) (t) , x(t) 0,1 m / sec .
) (t) .
.
x
1
1
1
(t) x(t) (t) x(t) (t) (t) x(t)x(t) (t) ...
3
3
3
3
) y(t) .
x 2 y 2 9 [. ].
x(t 0 ) x(t 0 )
, : x 2 (t) y 2 (t) 9 x(t) x(t) y(t) y(t) 0 y(t 0 )
, t 0 y(t 0 )
y(t 0 ) 2, 5m . x(t 0 ) 9 y 2 (t 0 ) ... 2,75 .
:
-3-
2012-2013

1.
[ .243-245]
t S S(t) 2t 3 21t 2 60t 3 S t sec. :
)
24 m/sec.
18 m/sec2.
)
.
2.
(x) (x), x
( x)
1 3
x 20x 2 600x 1000 (x) 420 x
3
.
)
N
.
)
3.
P(x) (x ) K(x) .
2 cm 2 / sec . 1,8 m, .
4.
p(t)
p(t) p(t) 0 .
5.
x2 y 2 1 .
1 3
,
, y 3 sec.
2 2
N x .
6.
x y
() () 12cm . t 0 8cm/sec () 3cm
:
) T
) T ()
-4-
2012-2013
&
()
2:
20
555
1
2.5) Rolle

1. Rolle .
2. f Rolle
[,] , , ,
:
x 0 (,) f (x 0 ) 0 .
f (x) 0 (,) .
f (,) .
[ Rolle]
f xx
A(x 0 , 0) x 0 (,) .
x 0 (,) f M(x 0 ,f(x 0 )) xx.

[ Rolle]
( f(x) c ) f (x 0 ) 0
x 0 (,) [ ].
3. , ,
t 1 t 2 , t 0
t 1 , t 2 ( ).
[ Rolle]
4. Rolle ! , f
,
Rolle [ ].
:
-1-
2012-2013
5. f (x) 0 (,) . .
6. Rolle .
7. [,] , [,]
. Rolle f() f() .
[ ]
1. f , f .
2. f , f , f.
3. f , f f .
4. , f - ( , 1)
1 , f () ( ) .
5. f (x) 0 x , f .
6. f (x) 0 x , f .
7. 1-1
f (x) 0 .
8. f (x) 0 x , f 1-1 .
1. Rolle
: f(x) 0
(,)
(,)
(,)
(,)
(,)
(,)
-2-
2012-2013
!
, Rolle f ,
() F, F : F(x) f(x) x A f .
2. .Rolle f , f . ,
f() 0 f() 0 , Rolle f f .

f
f (x)
f(x)
f(x) f (x)
1 2
f (x)
2
x+1
+1
f (x) f (x)
1 1
f (x)
+1
1
x
f (x)
2 x
f(x)
2 f(x)
f(x) f (x)
f(x)
f(x) f (x)
f(x)
ex
ex
e f( x) f (x)
ef(x)
1
x
ln x
f (x)
f(x)
ln f(x)
x
ln
f( x) f (x)
f(x)
ln
f (x)g(x) f(x)g(x)
f(x)g(x)
f(x) x f (x)
x f(x)
f (x)g(x) f(x)g(x)
g 2 (x)
f(x)
g(x)
f(x) xf (x)
x2
f(x)
x
[f (x)]2 f(x) f (x)
f(x) f (x)
[f (x) f(x)g(x)]eg(x)
f(x)e g( x)
f (x) g(x)
f(x) g(x)
1
x2
f (x)
f 2 (x)
1
x
1
f(x)
1
2 x
f (x)
2 f(x)
f(x)
1
2 x
f (x)
2 f(x)
f(x)
-3-
2012-2013
3. (,) . ,
x, , , . f Rolle.
I

1) f
. Rolle
f (x) 0 [f(x) x] 0
(x) f(x) x
f (x) f(x) 0 f (x)e -x f(x)e-x 0
2) f f
(x) f(x)e x
f (x)e -x f(x) e-x 0 f(x)e-x 0

f (x)( x) f(x) 0 f (x)( x) f(x)( x) 0
3) f ()( ) f()
f(x)( x) 0
(x) f(x)( x)
f (x)(x ) f(x) 0 f (x)(x ) f(x)(x ) 0
4) f ()( ) f()
f (x)(x ) f(x)(x )
f(x)
x 0
(x ) 2
5) f () 1
f (x) x 1 0 f (x) (x ) 0 [f(x) x ] 0
(x)
f(x)
x
(x) f(x) x
xf (x) f(x) 0 x -1 xf (x) x -1 f(x) 0

x f (x) (x )f(x) 0
6) f () f()
(x)
x f (x) (x )f(x)
f(x)
0 0
x2
x
f (x)f (x) 0 2 f (x)f (x) 0
f(x) 0
7) f ()f () 0
f(x)
x
(x) f (x)
f (x) f(x) 0 2f (x) f (x) 2f (x) f(x) 0

8)
f(x) f(x) 0 f (x) f(x) 0
f () f() 0
(x) f 2 (x) f (x)
f () (x) g(x)f ( 1) (x) 0

f () (x)e g(x) e g(x)g(x)f ( 1) (x) 0
)
9) f ( () g ()f
( 1)
()
f
f
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
(x) e g(x) f (x) e g(x) 0
(x)e g(x)
(x) f (
1)
(x)e g(x)
, :
2
(x) f (x)e f(x)
10) f () f () 0
11) f ()
f()
0
(x) f(x)e ln x
3
-4-
f(x)
x
2012-2013
4. [,] , . f() f() . ,

, x
. Rolle.
. Rolle (x)
f() f()

f(x)
.
x
5. , , f(x) 0 , :

Bolzano
( 0 f() )
( f(x) 0 x )
Rolle f ( f g , g(x) =
f (x))
6. f(x) 0 ,
Rolle.
7. f(x) 0 :

Rolle
8. f(x) 0 ,
Rolle .
9. f(x) 0 (,) ,
.
10. (,)
f() 0 f (3) () 0
Rolle .
11. Rolle F , Bolzano f , f
, f ( ).
-5-
2012-2013

[ Rolle ]
1.
[1, 249]
x x ,x 0
f(x)
,, 3 ( )x , x 0
2
Rolle [ 1,1] . C f .
2.
f f (x) 0 , x .
f xx .
3.
f [,] ,
(,) f() f() 0 . :

) g(x)
f(x)
, c [,] x 0 (,) g(x 0 ) 0 .
xc
) x 0 (,) C f x 0 ,f(x 0 )
(c,0) .
4.
f [,] , (,) f(x) 0

x (,) . f() f() .
[ 1 ]

0 , x4 x2 0 5 3
(0,1) .
5.
,,
6.

f 0,
2
7.
[1,2,3, 249-250]
f 1 f(0) .
2

x 0 0, : f (x 0 ) x 0 .
2
f [,] , [,] .
, , z1 f 2 ()[f() 1] 2i z 2 f 2 () i .
Re(z1 z 2 ) f 3 () , f (x) 0 (,) .

8.
f [2, 2] f(1) 0
g(x) f(x)(x 2 4) , x 0 ( 2, 2) g(x 0 ) 0 .

9.
f : [,] (0, ) lnf() lnf() .

(,) , f () f() .
10. f : [,] , [,] (,)

f() f() c( ) . (,) ,
: f() c , c .
11. f : [,] , : f 2 () f 2 () 2 2 . (,) f() f () .
:
-6-
2012-2013
12. f (0, )
f(e) f(1)
1
(1). x 0 (1, e)
e
x0 2 f (x0 ) 1 ln x0 0 (2).
13. f, g [,] f() f() 0 . (,) , f() f() g () .
14. f [1, e] f(1) 1 ,
f(2) 4 ln2, f(e) e 2 1 . (1,e) , f
1
2.
2
15. f [0,] f(x) 0 x [0,] . [0,]
f ()
0 .
f()
f 2012
16. f f(x) 0 x
e.
f 2011
f (x) f(x) (2011, 2012) .

17. f [,] (,) f() 0 . (,) f
18. f [1, e] ,
(1,e) f(e) f(1) 1 . x f (x) 1
(1,e) .
19. f : [,] , , ,
f() f() . , , :
c f f , c .
20. f : [,] , [,] (,)
f() f() 0 . (,) , : f () f() .
21. f : [,] , [,] (,)
f() f() 0 . (,) , : f () f() .
22. f : [,] , [,] (,)
f() f() . (,) ,
: f () f() .
23. f : [,] , [,] (,)
f() f() . (,) ,
: f () f() .
-7-
2012-2013
24. f,g : [,] , [,]

)
(,) e h( f() e h()f() . (,) , : f () h () f() .

25. ) f .
f (x) 0 , f(x) 0
.
) f . f (x) 0 , f(x) 0 .
[ 1 ]
26. x 2 2x 2ln(x 1) 0 .
[]
27. f , C f : 2x y 1 0 x .
C f y 2x .
[ 1 ]
28. f : f (x) e x , x 0 f(x) 1, x [0,1] .
x
x0 (0,1) : f(x0 ) e 0 1 .
[ ]
1
.
[ ]
29. e x x 2 x .
[ ]
[7, 249]
30. xx x x 2 [ ,] .
31. x 4 x 3 5x 2 x 0 , R * 0
.
[ F F()=F() ( )]
32. f : [,] (0 ) f(x) 0
x [,] . f() f()
x 0 (,) f(x 0 ) ln f(x 0 ) x 0 f (x 0 ) .
-8-
2012-2013
&
()
2:
21
555
1
2.5) ( )

1. (...)
.
2. f ...
[,] , , , :
x 0 (,) f (x 0 )
f (x)
f() f()
.
f() f()
(,) .
[ ...]
( )f (x) [f() f()] 0 (,) .
x 0 (,) f M(x 0 ,f(x 0 )) ,

A(,f()) B(,f()) . [ ...]
3. [t 1 , t 2 ] t 0 (t 1 , t 2 )
.
[ ...]
4. ... !
5. ... .
6. f [,] , ...
f [,] f
.
7. f f() f() , Rolle.
[ Rolle ]
8. f f() f() , (,) f () 0 . f M(, f()) , xx .
:
-1-
2012-2013
9. f f() f() , (,) f () 0 . f M(, f()) ,

xx .
1. ..., , :
f() f()
)
f() f() .
) f () .
) ,
.
) f (x1 ),f (x 2 ),...,f (x ) x 1 , x 2 ,..., x (,) .
) f (x1 ),f (x 2 ) x 1 , x 2 (,)
[,] . , , [,] [,] , [,] ,

.
2
) .
2. ... f -
) . , 7 x 6 x 9 x 8 x .
) , f() f()

[,] .
) ,

f() f()

f() f()
f ..
3. f (,) [,] x 0 (,) ..

[, x 0 ] [x 0 ,] .
4. [,] 1 , 2 , , 1f (1 ) 2 f ( 2 ) f ( )
f() f()
1f ( 1 ) 2 f ( 2 ) f ( ) f () .
f. [,] .
:
-2-
2012-2013
) , , [,]
1 2
, , , , 1
1, 1 2 ..
1 2 ... 1 ,
) ... .
[ ]
1.
f [,] :
2.
f() f()
f ()
f [,] , f ()
f [,] , f ()
[ 3, 249]
f() f()
f ()
f [, ], (, )
+ f() f()
f (,) f
2
2
+ f()+f()
f (,) f
>
2
2
3.
f [,] .
f f
f
, , f 0 .
2
2
[ ... ]
1.
[2 .249]
2
, x 1
x +
f(x) 3
. ...
x -x+ , x 1
[ 1, 2] :
)
)
, .
,f() [ 1, 2]
: 2x y 3 0
2.
f [4,10] f(4) 6 f(10) 0 .

(4,10) , C f
A(,f()) 1350 xx.
-3-
2012-2013
3.
f f 1-1,
C f
C f .
[ ...]
4.
7 x 6 x 9 x 8 x
[ ...]
[3, 4,5 .249-250]
5.
N : , .
6.
f [1, 5] f(1) 2 f (x) 2

x (1, 5) , : 10 f(5) 6 .
7.
f x 1 x f(1)=0, f x x 1 , x .
8.
f R R .
9.
f 2 f .
: f 2009 f 2012 f 2010 f 2011 .
f(2x 3) f(2x 7) f(2x 1) f(2x 5) x .

10. N : x 1 e x xe x 1 , x .
11. : e x x 1 , x .
12. : ln x x 1 , x (0, ) .
x 1
ln x x 1 , x 0, .
x
lnx
1.
) : lim
x 1 x 1
x
ln(x 1) x , x 1 x 0 .
14. ) N :
x1
ln(x 1)
ln(x 1)
1 ii) lim
0
) : i) lim
x
x 0
x
x3
e
15. : 2 ln .
e
13. ) N :
16. : x e x 1 1 (x 1)e x (1, 2) .
[ [, ] ...]
17. f [1,11] f(1),f(6),f(11)
,
(1,11) , f () 0 .
18. f :
f(2x) 2f(x), x .
f(2) f(0)
f(1) .
2
) (0, 2) , : f () 0 .
) :
-4-
2012-2013
19. f [,] (,)
f() f() . x1 , x 2 (,)

f (x1 ) f (x 2 ) 2 .
20. f ... [0, 3] , 1 , 2 , 3 (0, 3) f ( 1 ) f ( 2 ) f ( 3 ) f(3) f(0) .

21. f f ln f ln .
ln ln ln , ,, 0

e 2 ,

1 , 2 f ( 1 ) f ( 2 ) 0 .
22. f , f( - 1) 1 , f(1) 1 .
) 1 1 2 1 f ( 1 ) f ( 2 ) 2 .
)
1 1 2 1
1
1
2.
f ( 1 ) f ( 2 )
23. f A(4,11) B(19, 5) .

1 , 2 , 2f 1 3f 2 2 .
24. f [,] (,) f(x) 0
x [,] . 1 , 2 , 0 (,)
f 1
f 1
f 2
f 2
f 0
f 0
25. f [,] C f , :
) C f .
) (,) f () 0 .
) ( x)
f(x)-f()
. Rolle
x-
[, ] .
) (, ) f ()=
f()-f()
.
-
26. f 2 [,] f() f() 0 . (,)

f() 0 , (,) f () 0 .
27. f 2 f (x) 0, x ,
C f .
-5-
2012-2013
[ [, ] Bolzano]
... [,] , Bolzano
28. f [,] , (,) f() , f() , ,

:
) (,) f() .
) 1 , 2 (,) 1 2 f ( 1 )f ( 2 ) 1 .
29. f [,] , (,) , : f() f() . :
) x 0 , f x0
) 1 , 2 , , :
f f
, , .
, 1 2 .
f 1 f 2 f
[ ... Bolzano Rolle]

30. . f : [0, 2] . (0, 2) :
2f(0) 3f(2)
, f(0) f(2) .
5
. 1 , x1 , x 2 (0, 2) x1 x 2 2f (x1 ) 3f (x 2 ) .
f()
. f (0, 2) g(x) f(x) x 2 x

. Rolle [0,1] [1, 2] , , .
. f (0, 2) , p (0, 2)
5f (p) f(0) f(2) .
31. f [,] f() f() , f () 0

f () 0 . f (x) 0 (,) .
[... - F()=F()]
32. f [,] , (,) , f(x) 0 x (,) .
f()
(,) :
e
f()
( )f ()
f( )
[... ]
33. f(x) f (x) , x ,
0 , lim f(x) .
x
-6-
2012-2013
&
()
2:
22
555
1
2.6 ) ( )

1. .
2.
, Cf ,Cg
x ,
, yy,
c ,
c 0 c 0 .
22
y=g(x)+c
y=g(x)
x
3. To
.
: , , .
[ .252]
4. f (x) g (x), x 1 2 , :
f(x) g(x) c 1 , x 1
f(x) g(x) c 2 , x 2
5. f (x) 0 x A f ;
6.
c, , x,
, .
[ ]
1.
f f(x) f(x) , x , ,
c f(x) c e x , x .
= 1
[ 252]
f f( x ) f( x ) , x f(x) ce x , c .
2.

f (x) 0 , f , f .
-1-
2012-2013

1.
f .
f f (x) 0
x .
f , f(x) c x .
c f.
2.
.
.
.

3.
f,f ,f x.
.
, , f(x) g(x)
x .
[: ,
]
, f(x) g(x) c , x .
g(x) c1 , x 1
1U 2 , , : f(x)
.
g(x) c 2 , x 2
c c1 , c 2
f.
4. f(x) 0 , ln(f(x)) .
5.
.
.
, ,
.
f .
f 0.
:
-2-
2012-2013

[ ]
1.
[1, B1 .256-7]
f,g : f(x) g 2(x)
g(x) f 2 (x), x .
) h(x) f 3 (x) g 3 (x) .
) h, f(0) 1 g(0) 2 .
2.
f : f (x) 2f(x) , x f(0) 1

f(x) 0 , x . N :
) G(x) ln f(x) 2x .
) f(x) e 2x , x .
3.
f, f (x) 0 x (0,1) (1, 2)

[1, 2] , f [1, 2] .
f(x)
, x * .
x
4.
f : f (x) 2
5.
f x, y f(x) f(y) (x y)2 .

:
)
f(x) f(y) (x y)2 x, y .
) f .
6.
f : f ( x) f ( x) 0 , x .
) f(0) f (0) 0 , :
i)
H h (f )2 f
ii) f(x) 0 , x .
) g(x) g(x) 0 g(0) 0 ,g(0) 1 g(x) x
[ ]
7.
N f : f (3x - 1) 2x 1 f(2) 5 .
8.
f , f(0) 2 f (x 5 x) 6x , x ,
) f(x 5 x) 5x 6 3x 2 2 .
) C f 2,f(2) .
9.
1
f(x)f(y)
2
x, y . : y 2x 2 C f
f : : f (x y)
0,f(0) , :
) f(0) ,
) f.
-3-
2012-2013
10. f:(0, ) 1 f (1) 1 .
f(x y) y f(x) x f(y) , x, y 0 , :

) f x 1
f x
x
x 0 .
) f x x ln x , x 0 .
11. f : f(x y) f(x) f(y)
x, y . f (0) 1 .
12. f : f(x y) f(x 2y) 2f(x) 3y
x, y . C f Cg , g(x) 5
1
, A(1,) ,
x
:
) f (x) 1 x ,
) f.
[ ]
13. f :
) f(x) 3x 42x e x f(0) 5
)
f (x)
2x
f(0) 1
(x 1)2
2
) f(x) 2xx x 2x f(0) 1

)
xf(x) f(x) 2 , x 0 f(1) 0
2012
) f [0, ) f (x) xf(x) x f
2
2
12
6
) f (x) 2f(x) , x , f(0) 1 .
14. f (0, ) f(x) 0 . , ,
, :
)

x
,
f(x)
) A(1,1)
) 1.
15. f R f(0) f (0) 1 :
f (x) f (x) 6x 3x 2 x . f(x) .
16. f : f(x) 2f (x) f (x) e x ,

x . g(x) f (x) f(x) g(0) 1 :
g(x)
x g
ex
) f f(0) 1
) h(x)=
-4-
2012-2013
17. N f : : f ( x) 2xf ( x) 2x f(0) 1 .

18. f : (x 2)f (x) 2x 2 5x 2 , x
f(0) 1 . f.
19. f {2} , (x 2)f (x) 2x 2 5x 2 ,
x {2} , f(0) 1 f( 3) 7 .
[ ( f( x ) f( x ) , f(x) ce x ) ]
20. f,g : * f (x)g(x) f(x)g(x) f(x)g(x) ,
x f(0) g(0) 0 . N :
) f(x) e xg(x) , x
) g(x) 0 , x .
21. f : :
f (x) f(x), x f(0) 1, f (0) 1 . :
) f(x) f (x) 2e x , x .
) f(x) e x , x .
[ ]
22. f : f(0) 2f (0) 1
2
f (x)f(x) f (x) f(x)f (x), x . :
1 x
e x
2
f(x)f (x)
f 2 (x) e x , x .
x
) f(x) e2 , x .
23. f : : f ( x)f ( x) 1
x . f(0) 1 , :
) f ( x)f ( x) 1 x .
) f ( x)f (x) 1 x .
) f(x) e x x .
24. f : f (x) f(x) x f (0) f (0) 1 .
) g(x)
f (x) f(x)
.
ex
) f (x) f(x) 2e x , x .
) .
-5-
2012-2013
&
()
2:
23
555
1
2.6 )

1. , :
( ,) , ( ,] , (, ) , [, ) , [,] , [,) , (,] , (,) ( , ) .

(.. f(x)
1
).
x
2. . ..
f , f (x) 0 , x .
, , f (x) 0 , x .
3. , f .
f.
4. , .
[ ]
1.
f (,)
x1 , x 2 ,..., x k (,) (k * ) , f
( (,) ) f
(, x 1 ) (x 1 , x 2 ) ... (x k ,) , f (,) .
[ ]
1. :
) .
) .
) ( ).
) .
:
-1-
2012-2013

. , f
.
2. (
),
( g(x) ) f (
g) f.
, f (x) f (0) 2 0 , x ,
f
f x 0 , x ,
f . x 0 f x 0 0
f x f x 0 0 x x 0 f x f x 0 0 x x 0 .
3. :
f (x) 0 .
f (x) 0 .
f (x) 0
.
4. ( ).
) . ,
.
.
) ,
:
f [,] ,
[f(),f()] . ( [f(),f()] )
f (,) , -
lim f(x),lim f(x) . ( lim f(x),lim f(x) )
,
.
) f (,) ,
.
-2-
2012-2013
) f
(, ), f
(,) .
) f
(,) , .
) ! , , 2 .
5. , .
6. f(x) g(x) f(x) g(x) , h(x) f(x) g(x) .
h , .. , x 0 h
h(x 0 ) 0 . , h(x) h(x 0 ) 0 x x 0 , h(x) h(x 0 ) 0 x x 0 .
h x 0 h , .
.
. f
f g(x) f (x) g(x) (x) .
[ ]
1.
[2,3,4, 3,4. .256-7]
x3
) f(x) 2x x , x
3
) f(x) x x 2 1
) f(x)
x
1 x
) f(x) x e x (x x 1) 2x , x [ ,]
) f(x) x 2 2x, x [
2.

, ]
2 2
f(x) x 1
1
. N :
x 1
) lim f(x), lim f(x)

x 1
x 1
) f.
[0,1) (1, 2] ;
:
-3-
2012-2013
[ - - f]
3.
[5, 5. .256-7]
x2
7
4x 4 ln x , :
2
2
) f .
f(x)
) f(x) 0 .
[ ]
4.
[6. .257]
f(x)
e
.
x 2
2
[ f ]
5.
f(x) 2x ln x x 2 1 .
) f, f (x) f (x) .
) f f.
x2 1
.
x
x ln x 1
.
) 0 x 1 , 2
x 1 2
) 2 ln x
[ f]
6.
f(x)
x

x

0, 2 .
[ f f]
7.
N f(x) ln
1 ex x2 x
, x0.
2
8 2
[ ]
8.
[A5,6, B2, 5, 257]
N :
) x ln x 1
)
x2 2x 3ln x 3
) e x 2 1 ln x 3
) 2x 3x 4x 9x
9.
f [1, e] 0 f(x) 1 f (x) 0

x [1, e] , x 0 (1 ,e)
f(x 0 ) x 0 ln x 0 x 0 .
-4-
2012-2013
[ ]
:
ln x x 1, x 0 (1), .
[ 2, 266 ( )]
e x x 1, x (2), (1) x e x 0
ln x x 1 x , ln x x, x 0 , (1)
e x x 1 x , e x x 1 x , (2)
10. :
) x ln x x 1 , x 0
x2
) e x x 1 , x 0
2
) i) x 2x, x 0
ii) x x
) 0 e
1
1
x3
, x0
3
2
2x 1
e x e 2x 1 .
2
x
12. g : .
11. ln
) g(x 2 2x) g(x 2) .

) x
2x
x 2 x 2 3x 2, 1 .
[ ]
ln x
.
x ln x
ln x
1 x
14. f x
x
ln x
15. f x
.
ln x 1
13. f x
16. f : :
2xf(x) (x 2 1)f (x) e x , x , f(0) 1 .
ex
) f(x) 2
, x .
x 1
) f.
17. f f(x) ln(1 x 2 e - x ) .
18. f(x) x 2 2 (1 x)(ln x 2) .
) f .
) x 2 2 (1 x)(ln x 2) .
) f.
) (1 x)(ln x 2) x 2 1 , x 0 .
:
-5-
2012-2013
19. :
) ln x 1 x 2 x 6 0
) ln x x2 e 0
20. f, g . f g 1 1 .
) g 1 1 .
) : g(f(x) x 3 x) g(f(x) 2x 1)
.
21. f, g , f(1) g(1) .
) f (x) g(x) , x , .. f(x) g(x) ( ,1) f(x) g(x) (1, ) .
) f (x)g(x) 0 , x , .. f(x) g(x) .
ln x
, x (1, ) .
x 1
) (1, ) .
22. f(x)
) , (1, ) , .
23. f , :
f (x) x f (x) 3f (x) , x . f .
24. f : (0, ) ,
f(x)
2lnx, f(1) 2 .
x
) f .
f (x)
) f .
25. f f(x) e x x .
) f .
2
) : e x 2 e x x 2 x 2 .
26. f : f(x) 0 x
f 3 (x) ln f(x) e f( x) x 3 x 2 2x 1 x .
) f .
) f(lnx) f(1 x 2 ) .
1
1
27. ln 1
, x ( , 1) (0, ) .
x x1
1
28. ) f x x 3 .
2
2
) : 2 x 2 2 x 2 x
x2
[x 6 x 2 ]
3
x
x 0 .
x
30. f : f (x) 2f(x) f(0) 1 . 29. xg(x) x g(x) x , : g x
f(x) e 2x x 0 .
:
-6-
2012-2013
&
()
2:
24
555
1
2.7 Fermat

1. .
2. . .
3. ,
( ).
4.
,
.
[;]
x5
x5
5. , , ,
, , .
xx11
xx2 2
x4x4
xx3 3
6. [ (. 195)]
[,] , f [,]
m. , x1 , x 2 [,]
m f(x1 ) M f(x 2 ) : m f(x) M x [,] .
7. Fermat : f A(x 0 , f(x 0 )) xx.
-1-
2012-2013
8.
a
=2.0000
b
=3.0000
nrPts
= 1000
Fermat .
f (x 0 ) 0 ,
f x 0 .
y=x3
.. f(x) x 3 , f (0) 0 ,
x 0 .
x0
x0

f(x)
9. , x 0 C f
,
x0 f
x 0 .
f(x0 )
10. , , f
f(x0 )
x0
x0-
x0 x0+
. .. f(x) x x 0 ,

.
f(x )
f(x0)
11. x 0 , f x 0
f (x 0 ) 0 .
x 0
x0-,
x0 x0+
x0
x0
f(x)
.. f(x) x 2 , x [0, 2] , x 0 2 , f (2) 4 0 .

+
-
x0
12. x,
Fermat.
0
x0
xx0
13. x f (x) 0 , f ( ).
14. f (, x 0 ) (x 0 ,) x 0 ,

f .
15. x 0 f , f x 0 , f x 0 f
( x 0 )
16. f x 0
f ,
f x 0 x 0 .
17. f :
) f(x) 0 , 0 .
) f(x) 0 , 0 .
-2-
2012-2013

1. ( ):
f(x) 0 ( f(x) 0 ), f
0 ( 0 ).
f(x) g(x) ( f(x) g(x) ) x,

h(x) f(x) g(x)
. h
x 0 h() 0 , h(x) h() h(x) 0
f(x) g(x) x .
f(x) x ,
f,
f(x) x ,
f .
2.
f(x) g(x) (1).
(x) f(x) g(x) .
g(x) 0 x A , (1)
(x)
f(x)
1 g(x)
f(x)
1 .
g(x)
f(x) 0 g(x) 0 x A , (1) ln f(x) ln g(x)

(x) ln f(x) ln g(x) .
- .
3. Fermat:
f , :
x 0 f , f, x
x 0 f (x 0 ) 0 ,
f .
f(x) (
f(x) ), x 0 (,) f(x 0 ) , f(x) f(x 0 ) (
f(x) f(x 0 ) ). f(x) ( ) x 0 ,
Fermat f (x 0 ) 0 .
.
:
-3-
2012-2013
f x1 , x 2 , , x ,
f x1 f x 2 f x 0 . -

.
4. :

( x) , , .
.
5. :
f , , .
:
x 0 : f (x 0 ) 0 .
M c . f(x) c x .
[ ]
[1,2,3,4, 6* 267-9]
1.
2.
) f(x) 3 x 2 4
ln x
) f(x)
x
f(x) e x x, 0 . f .
[ - Fermat]
3.
0 x 0 xlnx x , .
4.
f(x) 2 x 5 x x 7 x 10 x . 0 ,
[5 268]
f(x) 1, x .
5.
f :
f(x) e x ln(x 2 1), x . C f A(0,1) .
[ f ]
6.
[4 269]
f : , :
f 3 (x) f 2 (x) f(x) e x x 2 x 1 , x .
) f .
) f .
:
-4-
2012-2013
7.
f [,] .
) f f() , f () 0 .
) f f() , f () 0 .
) f ()>0 f ()<0 , f
x 0 [,] : f (x 0 ) 0 .
[ ]
8.
f : [,] , f(x) (x )(x )f (x)
x [,] . f .
[ - ]
[1-3 267-9]
[ ]
9.
x 3 3x 2 0 .
10. , x 3 3x 2 0
(0,2).
[ ]
11. e x x x , 0 , e .
12. : 3x 4 4x 3 0, x .
[ ]
[6-10, 5-14 268-272]
[ ]
13. f : [0, ) f(0) 1 f (x) f(x)
x [0, ) . f(x) e x x [0, ) .
14. f : [,] , (,) f() f() f() f() .
f , f (x) 0
(,) .
15. f,g : [0,1] g(0) g(1) 0 g(x) f (x) f(x) 1 ,
x [0,1] . f(x) 1 , x [0,1] .
16. f(x) x 3 + x 2 + x + ,
x x1 x x 2 . x1 x 2
1
.
3
17. (i) f(x) xlnx x , .

(ii) x 0 ,f(x 0 ) , x 0
.
:
-5-
2012-2013
18. f(x) xln 2 x . Cf f

.
19. f(x) e x x 2 x 1 .
) Cf .
) e x x 2 x 1 .
) e x 1 x(1 x) , x .
20. i)
f f(x) x lnx
x2
2
.

ii) , ln
2
2
.
21. f(x) ln(lnx) lnx .

) f .
) : ln(lnx) lnx 1 .
22. f : f (x) f (x)
x . f x 0 0 f(0) 0 :
) x 0 f(x) f (x) .
) x 0 f(x) f (x) .
23. f : f(x) x 2 1 2xf(x) ,
2
x . f .
24. A. f [,] :
f() 0 , f () 0 . :
) (,) f .
) f() 0 .
B. ( Darboux) f [,]
f() f () 0 , (,) , f 0 .
. ( Darboux) f [,]
f () f () x 0 (,) , f (x 0 ) .
. f f (x) 0 x f
.
[:
1)
2)
f 1-1 .
f (x) 0 x f f 1-1 .]
-6-
2012-2013
&
()
2:
25
555
1
2.8 -

[ ]
1. :
) f , C f
x 0 C f ( ). :
x f(x) f(x 0 ) f (x 0 )(x x 0 ) .
[ ]
) f , C f
x 0 C f ( ). :
x f(x) f(x 0 ) f (x 0 )(x x 0 ) .
[ ]
2. :
) f C f xx x 0 ,
f(x) 0 x .
) f C f xx x 0 ,
f(x) 0 x .
3. C f .
[ ]
4. .
5. f (x 0 ) f (x 0 ) 0 , x 0
. ,
f , f
.
6.
,
.
7. ( ) .
:
[ ]
) f ( 2 ) , f (x) 0 , x .
) f ( 2 ) , f (x) 0 , x .
:
-1-
2012-2013
8. f
, f ,
(.x. f(x) (x 1)4 ).
9. f (x 0 ) 0 x , f .
[ ]
1.
[ Jensen]
) f [,] .
f f

f
.
2
2
) f [,] .
:
2.
f f

f
.
2
2
[ Jensen]
f :
[,] ,
[,] , [,]
:
(,) , ,
x1 , x 2 (,) x1 x 2 , 1 , 2 * 1 2 1 , :
f( 1x 1 2x 2 ) 1f(x 1 ) 2f(x 2 )
1. f ,
f , f (x)
f (x) 0 f (x) 0 .
f (x) 0 , .
f (x) 0 , .
f (x) 0 ,
.
2. f ,
f (x) 0 f .

f . .
3. f ( ) ( ) ,
f (x) 0 ( f (x) 0 ),
, x 0
f (x 0 ) 0 .
:
-2-
2012-2013
4. f
x1 , x 2 , , x , f (x1 ) f (x 2 ) f (x ) 0 .

.
5. f ,
) x 0 f ,
f, x x 0 f (x 0 ) 0 .
) f .
6. :
) Jensen [ ]
) :
f f.
f(x). Cf . f
.
[ ]
1.
[1-4, 1-5 267-9]
f : x 0 f.
) f , f(x 0 ) f.
) f , f(x 0 ) f.
2.
f : . x 0 , f(x 0 )
x 0 .
3.
) f ( x) x 6 3x 4 5x .
) C f C f .
4.
f (x) 2e x x 2 , 0 .
5.
3 .
6.
f xf (x) 2x 0 x .
A 0, f(0) C f .
7.
f(x) x 5 5x 4 10x 3 x 2 , x , , ,
2 .
-3-
2012-2013
[ ]
8.
f(x) ln(ln x) .
) f .
) C f x 0 e .
x
0 , x 1 .
e
f : f (x) 4f(x) 4f (x) x
) ln(ln x) 1
9.
f(x)
, x .
e 2x
) g .
g(x)
) Cg xx , f(x) 0 x .
10. i)
f(x) lnx x .
ii) g(x) ln 2 x 2xlnx x2 3 .

iii) Cg x 0 1 .
i) x lnx 4x 3 x 1 .
11. f g . :
) Cf ,Cg .
) C f Cg , C f
Cg .
x
12. f : (0, ) f(x) x f (x)
x f(x)
x 0 . :
) f .
) f (0, ) .
[ Jensen]
13. 0 , 1 : (e 2) (e 2) 2 3 .
14. f :
. 3x
x : 3f(x) 4f .
4
15. f f(x) ln(ln x) .
) f .

) 1 1 , : ln 2
ln ln .
2
16. f f(2) 0
[2, 5] , : 4f(5) 3f( 2) 0 .
17. f : [0, ) . f(0) 0 ,
x f(x)
f
x 0 .
2
2
:
-4-
2012-2013
&
()
2:
26
555
1
2.9) DE L HOSPITAL

1. De L Hospital :
f(x)
0
x x0 g(x)
0
) lim
) f , g
(x 0 , x 0 ) (x 0 , x 0 ) (x 0 , x 0 ) (x 0 , x 0 ) ( , ) (, ) .
) f , g x 0 , x 0 .
f (x)
( ).
x x0 g(x)
) lim
2. ! x 0 , (), .
3. De L Hospital , f , g :
) (x 0 ,) , x x0 ( ),
) (, x 0 ) , x x0 ( ).
f(x)
f (x)
lim
.
x x0 g(x)
x x0 g(x)
4. lim
.
f (x)
lim
( ),
x x0 g(x)
f(x)
.
x x0 g(x)
lim
f (x)
f(x)
, lim
,
x x0 g(x)
x x0 g(x)
lim
.
5. De L Hospital ,
.
6.
0
.
0
-1-
2012-2013
7. De L Hospital .
8.
.
, 0
9. De L Hospital
, .
-
0
: 1 ]
0
:
[
1.
) lim
x 0
[1, 3,4,5 285-6]
x4
ln 2 x
,
)
lim
, ) lim
x 1 e x ex
x 0
x 2 +2x-2
x-x
x2 1
,
)
lim
x 1
ln x
x2
e x -1-x2
: 2 ]
[
2.
) lim
ln( x 1)
ln( x 2)
x 2 x x
e x
(x 3 +x 2 +x+1)lnx
,
)
,
)
lim
lim
x x
x 0
x
e 2x
ex x 2
, ) lim
[ 0 ]
f g
g
f
f g
1
1
g
f
, .
0
3.
1 12
: ) lim x 2 ln 3x , ) lim 2 e x
x0
x 0 x
, ) lim (x ln x) .
x 0
[ ( ) ( ) ]
1 1
g
1 1 g f
f g f 1 f g
.
1 1 1 1
f
f g
f g
:
[ 0 ( ) ( ) ]

( ):
) , ,
) ( ) , .
4.
1
1
) lim
x 1 ln x
x 1
2 x e x
) lim (x 2 ln x e x ) ) lim
x 0
x
x
x
-2-
2012-2013
[ 00 ,0 , 0 ,1 ]
f g .
: f(x)
5.
g( x)
g( x)ln f( x)
f(x) 0 .
1
x
x) x , ) lim (1+x) x
) lim x x , ) lim(x
) , ) lim (1+x)x , ) lim(x 2) x , ) lim(
x0
x0
x0
x 0
x0
[ ]
6.
[3 286]
, A lim
x 1
x 3 +e 1-x +x+4

x 2 -2x+1
[ ]
7.
f 0 f(0)=0 f (0)=1 :
) lim
x 0
8.
f(x)
,
x
) lim
x 0
xf(x)
x-xe x
f : :
f 5 (x) f 3 (x) f(x) x x x ,

) lim f(x) ,
x 0
f(x) 1
.
x 0 x 3
6
* A f: :
f (x-2h)-f (x)
2f (x) ,
) lim
h 0
h
f (x+h)-4f (x-2h)+3f(x-3h)
6f (x) .
) lim
h 0
h2
) lim
9.
***
2 1
x , x 0
10. f x
.
x
0
,x 0
) f .
) f x 0 0 .
) f . :
0

f x
f x f 0
f lim
lim
lim f x . H f x
x
x
1
x
f .
. .
-3-
2012-2013
&
()
2:
27
555
1
2.9)

1. f .
2. , .
3. Cf ( ).
4. :
) f( x ) e x ( y=0).
) f( x ) lnx ( x=0).
) f( x)
( y=0 x=0).
x
) f( x) x ( x= + , ).
)
f( x) x ( x= , ).
5. :
) 2.
) 2.
) x x .
6. f(x) c f(x) x .
7. y x C f ( )
f(x)
lim[f(x) x] .
x
x x
f(x)
, C f !
8. lim
x x
lim
[ C f ]
9.
( ) /
.
.
, ,
!
:
-1-
2012-2013
f
y=, , , , , C f
.
,
( ) .
:

1
2
x x , x 0
, f(x)
x
0,
x0

y x .
:
f(x)
... 1 0 1
x x
lim
lim(f(x) x) ... 0
x
, f(x) x :
x 2 2k 0
1
x 2 0 x 2 0 x 2 0 2
, k x 2 k, k
x
x 2k ( 0)
x k , k
, :
10. .
11. f x 0
1
x x 0 , . f : f x x
2
,x 0
,x=0
,
f .
-2-
2012-2013

1. :
)
)
2. [, , (, ) , ( ,) ].
3. ,
.
4. C f , .
f(x)
.
x
. .
5. lim
x
[1-3, 1,2 285-6]
1.
2.
3.
x

x
xx .
2x 3 3x 2 1
f : : 2x 3 f(x)
, x * .
2
x
C f .
f x
( 1)x 2 x 5
,, f f(x)
3x
x 2 y 3 .
4.
2x y 5 0
f . :
f(x)
x x
(i) lim
5.
f(x) 3x x
x x f(x) 2x 2 3
(iii) lim
(ii) lim f(x) 2x

x
f : . C f :
) ,
) .
6.
f : () : y x . C f , :
) f ,
) f .
7.
y 2x 1 C f f y x 1 C f g.
) lim f(x) .
x
) g f .
:
-3-
2012-2013
&
()
2:
28
555
1
2.10

1. f :
.
2. f . .
3. f :
) ,
)
) .
,
, ,
f ,
, ,
f .
1. f :
i)
, , f .
ii)
f :
)
yy,
x A x 0 .

, x A
x 0 .
,
.
iii)
f.
-1-
2012-2013
iv)
f , , ,
)
,
.
)
v)
, .
f ,
)
,
.
)
vi)
, .
f C f , .
vii)
f , .
, .
( ). :
)
) f .
)
)
viii)
f .
f (x) 0 f(x) 0 .
Cf
.
ix)
Cf .
[1-3, 290]
1.
2.
x3 x2 4
.
x2
f(x) ln(x 2 1) . f(x)
f .
3.
f(x)
2x 2 x 3
, g . lim f(x) 2
x
g(x)
x 1, x 3 C f ,
g.
-2-
2012-2013
&
()
2:
30 1
555
2.7 - 2.9 , , ,

-
1.
f [, ] f()f()<0
f(x)=0 (, ).
2.
f (, ) f() lim f(x), lim f(x) .

x
x
3.
f [, ] f(x) = 0
4.
f [0,5] f (x) > 0 x 0, 3 3, 5 f
x 0 , f [, ].
[0,5].
5.
f [, ]
f() f() f [, ].
6.
f [, ] f [, ]
f(x) = 0 (, ).
7.
f [, ] f() f( )
f() f() f() f().
8.
[, ] .
9.
f [, ] f () < f () m f [, ] [f(), f()] [m, ].
10. f [, ] m M
f [, ] f()=m f()=.
11. .
12. .
13. f , f.
14. .
15. f .
16. .
17. f x 0 f(x0)=0
x0 f .
:
-1-
2012-2013
18. (x0, f(x0)) Cf f.

19. T .
20. f.
21. , f (x) 0
x .
22. f f .
23. f (, ) f (x) 0 x ,
f [, ].
24. .
25. f =(,) , f .
26. 3 .
27. 4 .
28. f (, ). f (, )
(, ) (, f ()) Cf.
29.
.
30. f (x) 0
x .
31. x 0 ,f x 0 Cf f x 0 0 .
32.
f.
33. .
34. f .
35. lim f(x) y = f.
x
36. x x 0 f
lim f(x) .
x x0
f(x)
0.
x
f(x)
38. y = x + Cf x lim

x x
37. y = Cf x lim
lim f(x) x .
39. y = x + Cf x
f(x) 1
lim 2
.
x x xf(x) 1
40. lim f(x) x 0 x x 0 f.

x
41. .
:
-2-
2012-2013
42. lim f(x) lim f(x) f

x x0
x x0
x0 .
43. f f.
44. lim f(x) lim f(x) x
( )
45. f : 0, R e f( x) f(x) x lnx x>0.
:
: f (0, +).
: f
: f (0, +)
: f
46. f f 3 . f :
:
:
:
:
:
47. f (,), :
: [, ] f()f()=0.
: (,) f()=f().
: x 0 , f x 0 0 f x0.
: f [,] f(x) >0 x ,
: f x 0 0 x 0 ,
48. f ,
: f (x) 0 , x .
: f (x) 0 , x .
: f (x) 0 , x .
: f (x) 0 , x
: f x .
49. f R

:
:
:
-3-
2012-2013
:
:
:
50. f , :
: .
: .
: .
: .
: .
-4-
2012-2013
&
()
3:
31
555
1
3.1

1.
. .
2. H
.
1
F(x) ln x ,
x
A ( ,0) (0, ) F(x) = f (x) x A , :
, f(x)
( , 0) , f F(x) c 1 , c 1 .
(0, ) , f F(x) c 2 , c 2 .
A ( ,0) (0, ) , f F(x) c , c
3. F1 ,F2 f , ,
c. :
F1 (x) F2 (x) c, c R .
4. , .
1, 1 x 0
f x
, = (1,1),
1, 0 x 1
F = (1,1) F(x) = f (x) .
5. : f , :
) .
) .
6. f , .
()
7. f ,
1
1
2x , x 0
f(x)
,
x
x
0,
x0
2
1
x , x 0
: F(x)
.
x
0,
x0
:
-1-
2012-2013
8. f ,
, x 0 .
9. .
x
.
1
/
f(x) 0
G(x) c, c R
f(x) 1
G(x) x c, c R
f(x)
f(x) x
1
x
G(x) ln x c, c R
G(x)
x 1
c, c R
1
f(x)
f(x) x
G(x) x c, c R
f(x) x
G(x) x c, c R
G(x) x c, c
2 x
f(x)
1
2 x
G(x) x c, c R
f(x)
1
2 x
G(x) x c, c R
10
f(x) e x
G(x) e x c, c R
11
f(x) , 0 1
x
G(x)
c, c R
ln
10.
:
F G f g * ,
:
i)
F G f g
ii) F f .

:
-2-
2012-2013
2
/
k(x) f(x) g(x)
K(x) f(x) g(x) c, c
k(x) f (x), *
K(x) f(x) c, * , c
k(x) f(x) g(x) f(x) g(x)
K(x) f(x) g(x) c, c
k(x)
f(x) g(x) f(x) g(x)

g 2 (x)
k(x)
k(x) g f(x) f(x)
f(x)
c, c
g(x)
K(x) g f(x) c, c
11. f .
:
x .
3
/
g(x) f(x)
G(x) f(x) c, c
g(x)
f(x)
f(x)
G(x) ln f(x) c, c
f 1 (x)
G(x)
c, c , 1
1
g(x) f (x)f(x), 1
g(x)
f(x)
G(x) 2 f(x) c, c
f(x)
g(x) f(x) f(x)
G(x) f(x) c, c
g(x) f(x) f(x)
G(x) f(x) c, c
g(x)
f(x)
2 f(x)
G(x) f(x) c, c
g(x)
f(x)
2 f(x)
G(x) f(x) c, c
g(x) f(x) ef(x)
G(x) e f(x) c, c
10
g(x) f(x) f(x)
f(x)
G(x)
c, c
ln
-3-
2012-2013

[2-7, 1-4 308-9]
1.
f(x) 2x ,
yy 2e .
2.
, A(0,1) .
) f(x) e x 2x x, Df
) f(x)
1
2 x1
x x 3 , D f ( 1, )
) f(x) 3 4 x ln 4 2, Df
) f(x) e x x e x x, Df
3.
( ) 6
5 10
N(t) t , (0 t 6 ) .
9
3
6
3 7,5 .
4.
t sec
1
1 m / sec 2 0 t 5 . t 1 sec ,
t 1
.
(t)
5.
:
) f(x) 8x 3 3x 2 1
) g(x) x
1
, x0
x
x
2

,x ,
2
7
x
2 2
) (x) (x 1)e x
) g(x) 2x 1
xx x
x2
x x
) g(x)
ex
) (x) (3x 5)
) f(x)
1
1
, x ,
2x 1
2
1
f(x)
(2x 1)3
) (x)
) (x)
) f(x)
1
2x 1
x3
x2
f(x) 4e 5x3
) g(x) ( 2x 1)4
2
6.
F f(x) 4x 5 3xe x , F( 1) F(2) .
7.
f , f(1) 3 , f x 0 1 , f (x) 30x 4 2, x .
8.
f : f ( x) f ( x) 1 e x , x ,
x 0 0 2.
-4-
2012-2013
9.
( ) 15 4x , x 2x 5 . :
) ,
) .
10. :
) f(x) ( 3x 2 2x)( x 3 x 2 1)3
) g(x)
ln 3 x
x
x2
g(x) x, x 0,
) (x)
1
1 ex

f(x) x 3 x, x ,
x 4x 7
2 2
2x
1 x
) f(x)
) g(x) x
1+ 2x
e x
11. f : f(0) 0 f(1) 1 .
) (x)
x
x 0 (0,1) f (x0 ) e 0 2 e .
12.
1
2 x
2x 2 0 (0,1) .
13. f(x) x 1 2 .
[ f F]
, F f .
14. f : F .
f(1) 2 x f(x) 2xe x
F(x)
, f.
15. f : * ,
F F(x)F(1 x) F(x 2 ) x .
16. f : f(0) 1 F : F( x)f ( x) 1 , x .
) F(0) .
) g(x) F(x)F( x) .
) f .
17. f : F .
A f(1) 1 x f ( x)F( 2 x) 1 , :
) f ( 2 x)F(x) 1 x .
) F( 2 x)F(x) 1 x .
) f .
-5-
2012-2013
&
()
3:
32
555
1
3.4
3.5 -

1. . -
f(x)dx 0 .
2. .
2xdx x 2 1 0 1
2xdx x 2 1 2 1 1 .
0
3. f [,] .
4.
.
f (x)dx f() f()
f (x)dx f () f ()
5. f ,g [,] f(x) g(x) ,
f(x)dx g(x)dx .
: ( )
f(x) g(x) 0 f(x) g(x) .
f(x) g(x) dx 0 f(x)dx g(x)dx 0 f(x)dx g(x)dx .
6.
f(x)dx
f
f.
.
f(x)dx f(t)dt f(y)dy .
7.
f 1 (x)dx
f(x)dx .
f f 1
: x f u (1), dx f (u)du (2).
u1 u 2 (3), u1 u 2 f(u 1 ) f(u 2 ) f

1-1.
:
-1-
2012-2013
f 1 f
: x f 1 (v) (1), dx f 1 (v)dv (2).

v 1 v 2 (3), v 1 v 2 f 1 (v1 ) f 1 (v 2 ) f 1 1-1.
:
f 1 (x)dx f(x) x 5 x 3 .
f(u) x (1) dx f(u)du (2)

f(u) 0 f(u) 2 .
f(u) 0 u 5 u 3 0 u 3 (u 2 1) 0 u 3 0 u 0 f(u) 2 u 5 u 3 2
u =1 f 1-1.
u1 0 u 2 1 (3)
(1),(2),(3) :
2
1
1
1
19
1
1
4
2
0 f (x)dx 0 f f(u) f(u)du 0 u f(u)du 0 u (5u 3u )du 12 .

. [ ]
f(x)dx F(x)dx F(x) F() F()

. :
f(x)g(x)dx f(x)g(x) f(x)g (x)dx ,
f , g .

:
i)
P(x)e x dx , P(x) x , * .
iii)
iv)
ii)
v)
vi)
P(x)(x )dx , P(x) x , * .

P(x)(x )dx , P(x) x , * .
P(x)ln(x )dx , P(x) x , * , x 0 .
e x (x )dx , , * , .
e x (x )dx , , * , .
-2-
2012-2013
, :
[1]
[2]
e x
(x ) (x )
[3]
P(x) ()
[4]
ln(f(x))
1
x
, .
, :
P(x)e x dx
P(x) 0
, ,
.
P(x)(x )dx
P(x) 0
, ,

P(x) 0
, 2 ,
,
I.
P(x)(x )dx
P(x)ln(x )dx
I e x (x )dx
I e x (x )dx
, ,
I.
P(x)
dx
(x )
2
P(x) 1 0
P(x)
dx
(x )
, 1 ,
1
.
2
x
1
.
x
2
, :
) ,
) .
:
-3-
2012-2013
f g(x) g(x)dx
f g(x) g(x)dx
u2
u1
f(u)du ,
f,g , u g(x), du g(x)dx u1 g(), u 2 g() .

, [
3, 31] u f(x) .
*******

.

P(x)
dx , Q(x)
:
[1] P(x) Q(x) , ,
Q(x)
dx ln Q(x) .
u Q(x)
Q(x)
[2] , , P(x) Q(x) ,

) < :
Q(x) x
(x ) , N * x 2 x 2 4 0 .

P(x)

Q(x)
:
x
A
.
x
(x ) :
A
A1
A2
.
...
(x )
x (x ) 2
x 2 x
Ax B
.
x 2 x
, .
:
x
3
2
x3 x 2
2
3
2
2
3
(x 1)(x 2) (x x 2) x 1 x 2 (x 2) (x 2) x x 2
, [1].
:
-4-
2012-2013
) :
P(x) : Q(x) : P(x) Q(x) (x) (x) ,
(x), (x) , , (x) <
Q(x) .
P(x)
(x)
dx , dx (x)dx
:
Q(x)
Q(x)
.
. :
f(e x , e x )dx .
u e x , x ln u, du e xdx .
.
u x ,
x :
xdx,
2 1
: 2
x xdx,
2 1
x
dx .
x
du xdx .
x 2 x x (1 2 x) x x
:
u x
xdx
du x
x
1
dx
du ln u
x
u
1
dx
u x
du x
x
x
1
dx
dx
du ... ( )
2
2
x
1 x
1 u2
u x ,
x :
2 1

x
2 1
2 1
xdx,
xdx,
x dx .
du xdx .
: 2 1 x 2 x x (1 2 x) x x
:
u x
du x
x
x
1
1
dx
dx
dx

du ... ( )
x
2 x
1 2 x
1 u 2
1 2x
1 2x
2
, x
,
2
2
x x .
2
: x
2
1
x 1 2 x (x)
: 2 x 2 x 1
2 x 1 1 ( x)
2 x
-5-
2012-2013
.:
1
1
1 2x
dx x 2x ...
2
2
4
1
1 2x
2
xdx 2 dx 4 (1 22x 2x)dx ...
2 xdx
f(x, x , x ,...)dx
x dx
dx
...(,,...)
u x
u x
u x
f(x, 2 2x 2 )dx

u ,
2 2
f(x, 2 x 2 2 )dx

u ,0 u 0,
2
2
f(x, 2x 2 2 )dx

u ,
2 2
.

I ( I 1 , I 2 ,... ).
I f (x)dx .
() I , I 1 , I 2 , ... ( ). ,
(
) I0 , I1 , I2 .
. :
) I (ln x)dx (x)(ln x) dx x(ln x) (ln x) 1dx x(ln x) 1 ...
(x)
I (x) dx (x)
xdx (x)
(1 x)dx (x)
2
(1 x 1)dx
dx (x)
(x) dx 2
u x
du (x) dx
...
-6-
2012-2013

1.
f(t)dt 2 f(t)dt f :
0
f :
f(t)dt 0
2.
f [,]
3.
f [,] . :
m, : m( ) f(x)dx ( ) .
i)
ii) (,) :
4.
f(x)dx f(x)dx .
x [,]
f(x)dx f()( ) .
f(x)dx 0
x 0 (,) f(x 0 ) 0 [ < = ].
5.
f(x)dx f(x)dx , x1 (,) x 2 ( , ) , x1 x 2 ,

f(x1 ) f(x 2 ) .
6.
f f(x)dx= f(x)dx, :
7.
: f(x)dx 0,
f(x)dx= f(x)dx .
f(x)dx 0 ,
x 0 (, ) f(x 0 ) 0 .
1
1 1 2
f (x)dx x f(x)dx .
0
3 0
8.
[0,1] , :
9.
[0,1] :
f(x)xdx f(x)xdx 0 .
0
3
: f 2 (x)dx .
0
2
10. (i). ( Cauchy Schwarz Buniakowsky)
f, g [,] , :
1
f(x)g(x)dx
f (x)dx g (x)dx f(x)g(x)dx

2
(ii) f : [0,1] .
f 2 (x)dx g 2 (x)dx
f(x)dx
f 2 (x)dx
0
11. f , g , : f(t)g(x)dx dt= f(t)g(x)dt dx. .
12. f f(x) 0 x .
:
i)
-1
f(x)dx f(x)dx
ii)
f(x)dx f(x)dx.
13. f [3,4] 1 f(x) 2 x [3,4]

4
2
f (x)dx=4, f(x)dx 2 .
-7-
2012-2013

[1-4 333 1-4,6 7-12 338-340]
1.
, , :
)
xdx
x 3dx
2
( 1)
( 1)
[ : 1 2 ..
13 2 3 .. 3
]
2
2
[]
1 x dx
2
2.
3.
3
0
4.
5.
6.
)
)
)
4
0
14
x dx
3x 2 x x dx
[ 2, 5, 10, 31]
x 1 2 x dx )
1
dx
xx
1 ln x
dx
x2
1 x
dx
ex
6
0
1
dx
x2
18 x xdx
3 2 e x dx
x xx dx
3 x 2 x 2
dx
2 x
18 x 1 x dx
6
0
6
0
x x dx
3
0
4 x 4 x
dx
2 x 2 x
2
0
e x x x dx
2
0
x xx
dx .
2 x
[ ]
1
7.
8.
(3x
9.
10. )
13. )
14. )
11. )
12. )
15. )
x 2 e 2xdx
x)( 2x)dx )
x
1
e x 3x 1 dx
e 2x2xdx
lnxdx
x ln 3x 4 dx
ln x x 2 1 dx
xe x lnxdx
ln xdx
x 1
dx
ex
3x e xdx
2x(3x 1)dx
(x
e x xdx
x 2xdx
ln 2x 3 dx
x ln x 1 dx
2)4xdx
e x2xdx
ln 2 2x 1 dx
ln 2 x
ln x
dx
x2
x x
dx
ex
e 2x 2x 3x dx
ln 5x ln 8x dx
dx
dx
x 2 ln 3x dx
-8-
lnx
2 x xdx
ln x x 2 9 dx
ln x 1dx
x 2(3x)dx
2012-2013
[ ]
16. f f [,] f() f() . :
xf (x)dx f () f () .
17. f g f (x) g(x) R. :

f() f() g() g() 0 , :
f (x)g(x)dx f(x)g(x)dx .
18. f [0,1] : f (0) f (1) 0 .

1
: f (x)2 f (x)f (x) dx .

19. f 0, f (0) 3 . 2
2
0
f (x)x f (x)x .
20. f f [0,1] f(1) f (1) 2 f(0) 0 , 1
: J x 3 f (x 2 )dx .
0
21. f [0,1] f(0) f(1) 0 . 1

1 f(x) f (x)
dx .
: f(x) f (x) e xdx, J
0
0
ex
22. f f :
2
0
f(x) f (x) xdx 2 .
f 1 f (0) .
2
23. f f R . C f
x1 x 2 xx 135, -
: f (x) f (x) dx .
[ ]
)
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
f g(x) g(x)dx
x x 2 1 dx
x3
2
6x
dx
5
x 1
x 2 2x 3
dx
xdx
x
x2 1
g( )
)
)
)
f(u)du . : u g(x) .
10
x 2 x 3 1 dx
e4
1 ln x
3 x ln x
1
ex 1 ex
dx
dx
1 x
2 x dx
e ln x
dx
)
1
x
dx
g()
4
0
2e
2e
2e
)
)
)
1
dx
x ln 3 x
x ln(x 2 1)dx
x2
2 x3
dx
x3 1 1
dx
x3 x4
x
e x e dx
-9-
2012-2013
29.
30.
)
)
6
0
1 x x x dx
x2
31.
32.
33.
35.
36.
37.
ln x
dx
x
f(x)xdx
x
dx
1 2x
2x x
dx
1 2x
x
dx
2 x
41.
42.
e x
dx
dx
1
dx
x ln x
3 ln x
dx
x
1
dx
x ln 2 x
2e
dx
x ln(x)dx
3 xdx
1 x x dx
2 x
3 xdx
2xx
dx
2 x x 12
x 2 2x 1 3 dx
)
Px
Qx
x1
dx
2
x 2x 7
1
dx
2
x 1
2x 2 3
3x 1
)
)
dx
x
dx
x x 12
x e xdx
1 x
dx
2 x
3xe 3xdx
u x .
3x 2
dx
2
3x 4x 2
x2
dx
2
x 6x 7
3x 7
dx
x 4x 4
3 x 1
dx
x3 1
1 ln x
dx
x
x 2
1
3x 1dx
dx .
x
dx
ln x
ln ln x
dx
x ln x
e2
x2
ln x 1
dx
x
f P(x),(x ) dx , , P(x) .
f(x)xdx . u x u x .
40.
1 ln x 1
xx
1
x dx
u ln x .
1 ln x dx
ln x
dx
x
)
39.
) :
38.
dx
) :
34.
x2 1
f x, ln x dx .
) :
3x 2 1
dx
x3 x 8
x1
dx
2
x x2
1
dx
x x 1
x 2 2x 5
dx
x 3 3x 2 2x
x 2 2x 1
dx
x3 x
4
dx
x 4x
3
x2 x 3
dx
x 3 6x 2 9x
-10-
2012-2013
x2
) 2 dx
0 x 4
3
2
3 x x 2x 1
)
dx
2
x2 x
x2 x 2
)
dx
2
x3
3
2
3 2x x 9x 22
)
dx
2
x 2 2x 3
43.
44.
) :
46.
47.
ex
0 e2x 1dx
1
2
dx
)
0 1 e 2x
ln
e x e xdx
x 2 2x 1
dx
x 2 4x 3
f(ex , ex )dx . : u ex , x lnu , du e xdx ( ).
ex 1
0 ex 2dx
x
1 e 1
) 2x dx
0 e
4
45.
1
0 ex 1dx
ex
dx
e x 1 ln e x 1
)
)
e
dx
x
e 1
e 2x 1
0 ex dx
1
ex
) x
dx
0 e ex
1
e
dx
(e 1) ln(e x 1)
x
) .
1:
48.
49.
f x, x dx . : u x , u.
x1
3x 2
x
0 3
2x 3
dx
dx
x3
2x 1
x
0 4
x2 3
dx
dx
x x 4dx
x2
2x 1
dx
x x 2 3dx
x3
x2 1
dx
x
x
x
x
f 1
, 2
, ...,
, ...
dx . : u

1, 2,, u.
50.
2:
0 3
x1 x1
dx
8 x
3 3 x2 6 x
dx
dx
2x 1 3 2x 1
3:
f x, 2 x 2 dx
51.
53.
4 x2
1
dx
x 1
2x 3
dx
x2 4
x3
1

du .
2 dx, 0 . : x u, u , dx
2 u
2 2

f x, 2 x 2 dx , 0 . : x u, u , dx u du .
2 2
5:
x3
dx
x2 1
4:
52.
f x, x
dx
1 x 2 dx
f x, x 2 2 dx, 0 . : x
x2 x 1
dx
4 x2

, u , 0 u 0, dx
du .
u
2 u
2
2
x2 1
dx
x
-11-
2012-2013
)
54.
55.
56.
2
0
xdx
2
0
xdx
2
0
3 xdx
2
0
xdx
2
0
4 x 3 xdx
xdx
2
0
xdx
2
0
3 xdx
2
0
57.
58.
59.
2
0
xdx
4
0
xdx
4
0
xdx
4
0
3 xdx
4
0
xdx
2
0
4 x 3 xdx )
xdx
2 xdx
3 xdx
4 xdx
4
0
3 x 3 xdx
2 ( ) ( ) ,
2 ( ) ( )
2 ( ) ( ) , :
x2xdx
4
0
6
0
3x5xdx
2x4xdx
60.
61.
62.
2e
63.
x3 x
x ln x dx
1
x ln x
dx
dx
x 2 ln x 2dx
xx x
dx
x2
x3
1 x2
dx
1 x2
dx
x
x1
x
dx
2 x
x 2 x 2 dx
x x
dx
x 2
e x
dx
)
1 ex
0
ln x
6
0
dx
1
dx
x
ln t
e
dx
)
64.
f R. :
x
(i) f x dx f x dx
(ii) f dx f x dx, 0
(iii)
65.
66.
f x dx f x dx
:
e f(ln x)
1
dx f(x)dx
(i) 1
0
x
(ii)
ln 3
ln 2
e x f(1 e x )dx f(x)dx

2
f :
f
f( ) , :
xf (x)dx
-12-
f()
f()
f 1 (x)dx
2012-2013
67.
f [0,] . f() [0,] f

:
[0,] -
f(x)dx f 1 (x)dx .
0
(i) f [,]
68.
: f(x) f( x) c , x , c .

f() f() .
: f(x)dx f
2
2
(ii) f : f(x) f(1-x) 2 , x , :
f(x)dx .
f f(x) f( x) , , -
69.
2
f x dx .
1
f f(x) f( x) 0 , :
70.

f(x)dx
2
xx
dx
: J
0 4 2x
xf(x)dx
I e x xdx 2 1 1 2 , 2
71.
I 4 e x 4 xdx .
0
I ln xdx, * e 1 , 2 .
72.
4
0
1
, 2 .
1 2
73.
I xdx, *
74.
I x ln x dx, * 2 1 4 ln 2 , 1 2
x ln x dx .
3
1. . f ,
[ 0
f x dx f x dx .
f x dx f x dx ]
dx J
x
dx .
x x
5x x
2. f : [0, 2] [0, 2]
2
xf(x)dx 0 (1) , :
f(2) f(0)
2
ii. (0, 2) f( ) f(2) .
i. f (2)
-13-
2012-2013
&
()
3:
33
555
1
x
3.5 F(x ) f(t )dt
1. F(x) f(t)dt .
)
, t = () , . ..
g(x)f(t)dt g(x) f(t)dt .
, F , ,
. , : (, ), [, ), [, ), [, ], [, ), (, ), ( , ], ( , ], ( , ) .
F f . F .
x0
F F(x0 ) f(t)dt .
, .
F f . , f , c,
:
x
1 2 , 1 , 2 F1 (x) f(t)dt, F2 (x) f(t)dt .

x
F1 (x) F2 (x) f(t)dt f(t)dt f(t)dt f(t)dt f(t)dt c, x .

)
d
dx
f(t)dt f(x) , dtd f(t)dt 0 .

x
F , F .
F , x 0 , lim F(x) F(x 0 ) lim f(t)dt f(t)dt .
F(x) f(t)dt , F() 0 , CF xx (,0) .
Q 0 Q(t 0 ) Q(t) Q(t) , -
x x0
x x0
x0
, Q(t) Q0 Q(y)dy .
0
-1-
2012-2013
2. F(x) f(t)dt .
x
F(x) f(t)dt , :
f (
Df )
.
x
, F(x) f(t)dt
:
) Df f .
) A Df f .
) i) A , DF A , A , F.
ii) ,
x A
, x DF
.
A
() 1
F(x)
1
dt .
t 1
1
D f ( ,1) (1, ) .
t 1
f Df , 2 (1, ) . F (1, ) .
f(t)
g(x)
3. G(x) f(t)dt .
H G(x)
g(x)
f(t)dt g(x) F(x) f(t)dt

x Dg
F g (x) .
.
g(x) A
() 2
G(x)
x2 4
1
dt .
t 1
:
2
G g(x) x 4 F(x)
1
dt .
t 1
G(x) F g (x)=F(g(x)) , G DG x Dg / g(x) D F .

1, D F (1, ) ,
g(x) x2 4 Dg ( , 2] [2, ) .
:
DG x Dg / g(x) D F x ( , 2] [2, ) / x 2 4 1
DG x ( , 2] [2, ) / x 5 x 5 ( , 5) ( 5 )
-2-
2012-2013
: G(x)
g(x)
f(t)dt -
( ).
g 2 (x)
4. H(x) g
1 (x)
f(t)dt .
H(x)
g 2 (x)
g1 (x)
f(t)dt :
) Df ( ) f .
) A Df f .
)
H(x)
g 2 (x)
f(t)dt
g1 (x)
f(t)dt .
) 1 2
g 2 (x)
f(t)dt
g1 (x)
f(t)dt -
. 1 2 .
x Dg 1 Dg 2
, ( ) DH g 1 (x) A .
g (x) A
1
) i) .. 1 2 , 1 2
x Dg 1 Dg 2
x Dg 1 Dg 2
ii) : g 1 (x) 1
g 1 (x) 2 .
g (x)
g (x)
1
1
1
2
() 3
F(x)
:
f(t)
x 1
1
dt .
t
1
D f ( ,0) (0, ) . F ,
t
f .
, : (x 0 x 1 0) (x 0 x 1 0) (x 1) (x 0)
: D F ( , 1) (0, ) .
5. (x) (x, t)dt .

() 4
: [0, ) . 4
(x) (2x t)dt .

1
:
t . (2x t) ( 2x t
) :
:
-3-
2012-2013
t
t
t ( , 2x] .
2x t 0
t 2x
, (2x t) [1, 4] . ,
[1, 4] ( , 2x] 4 2x x 2 .
, A [2, ) .
: , (
) :
2x 4
2x 1
(t)dt (-
u 2x t ) : : 2x 4 0 ,
x 2 . , , x ( ).
, ,
( )
. , x , .
x
6. F(x) f(t)dt .
d x
f(t)dt
f(t)dt f(x), x DF .
dx
: F , f .
: F(x)
g(x)
7. G(x) f(t)dt .
G(x)
g(x)
F(x) f(t)dt , : G(x)
f(t)dt g(x)
d
dx
g(x)
f(t)dt F g(x) F g(x) g(x) f g(x) g (x) .

g 1 (x)
8. H(x) g
2 (x)
f(t)dt .
H(x)
g 2 ( x)
g1 ( x)
D f : H(x)
g 2 (x)
f(t)dt
g1 (x)
f(t)dt .
H(x)
f(t)dt f g 2 (x) g 2 (x) f g 1 (x) g 1 (x) .
g1 (x)
g 2 (x)
g1 (x)
f(t)dt
g 2 (x)
g1 (x)
g1 (x)
g1 (x)
f(t)dt
f(t)dt
f(t)dt
f(t)dt
f(t)dt
() 5
F(x)
:
x 1
1
dt .
t
-4-
2012-2013
: 3, D F ( , 1) (1, ) .
:
, x x 1 i f
:
i)
x 1 ( , 1)
ii) x 2 (0, ) .
, x
x 1 , :
i)
1 , x 1 ( , 1)
ii)
0 , x 2 (0, ) .
, : F(x)
x 1
x 1
f(t)dt f(t)dt
f(t)dt
x 1
f(t)dt f(t)dt .
, , :
x
1
1
f(t)dt f(t)dt f(x 1) (x 1) f(x) f(x 1) f(x)
x1 x
1
1
, x ( , 1) (0, ) .
, F(x)
x1 x
:
G f ( , 1) , : F(x) G(x 1) G(x)
F(x)
x 1
1
1
, x ( , 1) .
x1 x
H f (0, ) , : F(x) H(x 1) H(x)
x ( , 1) , F(x) G(x 1) (x 1) G(x) f(x 1) f(x)
x (0, ) , F(x) H(x 1) (x 1) H(x) f(x 1) f(x)

, F(x)
1
1
, x (0, ) .
x1 x
1
1
, x ( , 1) (0, ) .
x1 x
x
9. F(x) g(x) f(t) dt .

g(x) t
x
F F(x) g(x) f(t)dt
10. F(x) h(x t)dt G(x) h(x t)dt .

h :
x t u x t u , .
:
x F, ,
t u .
-5-
2012-2013
11. F(x) f(t)dt .

x
F(x) f(t)dt
, , ,
, ,
F De LHospital, .
12. f.
f , () F :
x
F(x) f(t)dt, , x .
() 6
[. 2iii) . 323 ( ]
f(x) ln x, x 0 .
:
f , :
x
x
x
x
x
x
F(x) ln tdt t ln tdt t ln t 1 t ln t dt x ln x 1dt x ln x t 1 x ln x x 1
1
G(x) x ln x x
13. .
1.
f(t)dt dx
x
: F(x) f(t)dt
F(x)dx .
() 7
:
(6t-1)dt dx .
3 x2
1
3
(6t-1)dt
dx
3t
t
dx
(3x
2)dx
2x
1 2
1
0
0
1
2
2
2
0
x
: F(x) f(t)dt, F() 0 .
f(t)dt dx F(x)dx (x) F(x)dx x F(x) x F(x)dx F() F() x f(x)dx .
() 8
:
e t dt dx .
e t dt dx (x)
0
2
e x2
t
t
x
e dt dx x e dt x e dx
1
0 0
2
2
e 1 1 e

2 2
2
0
-6-
2012-2013
2.
f(t)dt , :
f(t)dt du f(t)dt 1du f(t)dt (x ) (x ) f(t)dt .
3.
:
f(t)dt du
f(t)dt dx ( ).
f(t)dt dx f(t)dt 1dx f(t)dt ( ) ( ) f(t)dt .
4.
f(t)dt du ( ).
1 ( ),
x.
u
F(u) f(t)dt F() 0 .
f(t)dt du F(u)du (u) F(u)du u F(u) u F(u)dx x F(x) u f(u)du .

[ 5 352.]
14. .

.
. , , :
, .
:
x
f , F(x) f(t)dt ,
x0
, lim F(x) F(x0 ) f(t)dt lim F(x) F() f(t)dt 0 .
x x0
de
0
LHospital.
() 9
lim
x 0
: lim
x 0
1
x3
1
x3
t 2dt .
t 2dt lim
x 0
t dt
x
0

0
lim
x 0
t 2dt
x
3
lim x
x 0
3x
-7-
1
3
2012-2013
lim
h(x)
g(t)dt :
x (x)
i)
ii) . ( ... ).

)
) : m ( ) f(t)dt ( )
[ ]
() 10
lim
x2
x x
t2 3
dt .
: ( )
x0
x t x 2 x 2 t 2 (x 2)2 x 2 3 t 2 3 x 2 4x 7 x 2 3 t 2 3 x 2 4x 7
,
1
1
1
x2 3
t2 3
x 2 4x 7
x2
dt
x2
dt
x2
x2 3
t2 3
x 2 4x 7
x2
2
1
2
dt
x
2
2
2
x 3
t 3
x 4x 7
2
, lim
x2 3
lim
2
x 2 4x 7
dt
x2
x2 3
t x
0 , lim
x2
x2
x x
t2 3
t2 3
dt
x2
x 2 4x 7
t x
dt 0
: () m( ) f(x)dx ( )
x 0 x 0 , f (x 3) x 3
x 3
1
f (x)
x 3
f(x)
x2 3
[x,x 2] , f [x,x 2] f(x 2),f(x) .

m f(x 2) , M f(x) :
m f(x) m
x2
2m
x2
dt
x2
f(t)dt
x2
f(t)dt 2 2f(x 2)
x2
dt m(x 2 x)
f(t)dt 2f(x)
, lim
x2
x x
1
2
t 3
(x 2)2 3
lim
x 2
2
2
x 3
f(t)dt (x 2 x)
lim
x 2
f(t)dt
2
2
x 4x 7
x2 3
0 ,
dt 0
-8-
2012-2013
: .
F f(x)
1
x2 3
, : F(x 2) F(x)
x2
1
t2 3
dt .
f , F ,
, .
F [x, x 2] ,
, (x) - x
x , (x) ( x (x) x 2 ) :
x2
F(x 2) F(x)
1
dt 2f()
2f() F(x 2) F(x)
x
2
(x 2) (x)
t 3
x2
x
2
1
2
1
2
dt
lim
dt lim
0
(x)
x
x x
2
2
2
2
(x)
3
t
3
(x)
3
t 3
F()
-9-
2012-2013
-
[5,6 1-6, 338-339]
x
[]: F(x) f(t)dt : .

f
( )
x .
F(x) f(x) , x .
1.
:
(i) F(x)
0
x
(ii) F(x)
(iii) F x
2.
1 t 2 dt
t 2 1dt
2t 2 t 1dt

(i) F(x) 2x 4 tdt
x
(ii) F(x) e 2x 1 (t x)e t dt

1
(iii) F(x) 2x 3
0
3.
u 2 2u 7du dt
:
1
(i) F(x) 2x x 2 (xt)dt, x

0
1
x
4.
x
x
(ii) F(x) e (x 1) dt, x (0, )
1
t
f ,
:
3
(i) h(x) f(3x 2t)dt,

1
6
(ii) g(x) f(3x t)dt, [0, )

1
(iii) h(x) x 2 1 x f(xt)dt, [0, )

0
5.
x 1, x 1
f(x)
.
ln x, x 1
6.
:
2
1 x 3x
dt dx
(i)
2
0
1
1 t
7.
1 x 1
x x
(ii) J
(iii) t dt dx
dt dx
2
0
0
1e
3 t
x
t
u
f : : g(x) xtuf(y)dy du dt , 1 1
1
1 1 g(x)
: f(x)
, x0
x
x
x

-10-
2012-2013
g(x)
[]: G(x) f(t)dt : .

f
:
x Dg , g(x) .
G(x) f g(x) g(x) ,
x x / g / g(x) .
8.
:
2x
F(x)
(i)
3/2
3t
dt
ln(t 1)
(ii) F(x) e t 1 4 t 2 dt
1
(iii) F(x)
ln x
t 2 1dt
g(x)
[]: F(x) (x) f(t)dt : .

f
: x g ,
(x) g(x) .
F(x) f g(x) g(x) f (x) (x) ,
x x / / (x) x / g / g(x)
9.
:
(i) F x
ln x
(iv) F x
x2 9
4x
x2
10.
t 1dt
(ii) F x
t
dt
t
(v) F(x) 3
x2
x 1
x 1
ln(t 1)
dt
5t
(iii) F(x)
ln x
x5
t 2 4dt
1
9 t2
e
f f : [0, ) g(x) f(x ln t)dt 1
g.
11.
F(x) t(x t)dt .

0
[]: - .
12.
F(x) 1
x
t ln t
dt ln x (0, )
t2 1
.
13.
f [0, ) :
x
2 f(t)dt xf(x), x 0 .
0
-11-
2012-2013
(i)
g(x)
1 x
f(t)dt .
x 2 0
(ii) f.
14.
f [0, ) :
f(1 x) f(1 x) 2x x .
(i)
g(x)
1 x
1 x
f(t)dt x 2 .
2
(ii) J f(t)dt .
0
[]: .
f
, :
i)
f .
ii) f .
f f .
iii)
f .
15.
f : * f(x) 1
)
)
16.
t
dt .
2f(t)
f(x) 0 .
f .
f [0, ) . :
x
x f(t)dt (x 1)f(x), x 0
0
(i)
f [0, ) .
(ii) f.
17.
18.
f : (0, ) ,
1 x
f(x) 2 f(t)dt, x 0 .
x 1

f f , x , :
2 2
2 2
19.
f (t)tdt x f (t)tdt . f(0) 1 f (0) 0 , f.

0
f : :
x
2
x
x
f(x) 3 2e f t dt x .
2
x
)
)
f .
f .
-12-
2012-2013
20.
f
(i)
(ii)
21.
e x t f(t)dt x 2 e x f(x), x
x xf t
x
xf t ln dt f x
dt, x 0,
1
t2
t
f : (0, ) , :
f(x) 1 2x
2x 2
2x
t dt
f 2 . f
2x t
.
22.
f : :
(i)
(ii)
23.
xf(t)dxdt x, x
f(x) 2 tf(t) ln xdx dt, x
f(x) 2
f R yx
1, lim
x f(x t)dt x 3
0
x 0
2 x
[]: .
x 1
(ii) lim e t dt
24.
: (i) lim
25.
1
: (i) lim 3
x 0 x
26.
x 1 e t dt
: (i) lim 0x
x 0
2
t dt
0
27.
: lim
x0
ln tdt
t 2 dt
0
x x
(i)
x 1
x 0
t4 t2
1 2x
(ii) lim
5 t 2 dt
x 0 x 2
dt :
(ii)
(iii) ..
28.
: (i) lim
29.
: (i) lim
x 1
x2
x2
x
x
t
dt
t
(ii) lim
t 2 1dt
(ii) lim t 2dt
x 1
x2
1
1 et
dt
x 1
-13-
2012-2013
[]: .
30.
F(x)
x 2t 2dt . :
)
) F .
31.
3 x
f(t)dt x 2
f [2, ) F(x) x 2 2
.
3f(2),
x2
:
) F x 0 2 .
) f x 0 2 , F [2, ) .
32.
f(x)
t 2 1dt .
) f .
) f .
) f .
) f .
33.
f
x
Rolle [0,1] f(0) 2 . F(x) xf(t)dt , 1
F 1.
34.
x 0
35.
[0, 2] f f(x) 2 . :
36.
f(t)dt ln x , f(1) 1 .
f(t)dt 5x 8 0 (0, 2) .
f , g [,] , (,) ,
g() f(x)dx f() g(x)dx 0 .
37.
f(x) R
f(t)dt 2 x 0 -
f(x 0 ) 3 2x 0 .
38.
f [0, 1].
(0,1) , :
39.
f(t)dt f() .
:
i)
ii)
x2 1
2(e t 1)dt e x 2x e 2
x
(t 2 2)dt (t 2 2)dt
0
-14-
2012-2013
40.
f [2011, 2012] f (x)<0

x 2011, 2012
2012
2011
f t dt 0 . :
) f(2011) f(2012) 0
) f(x)=0 , , (2011, 2012).
41.
f : F(x) (x 2 2x)f(t)dt ,
2
x . :
) F .
) (0, 2) , F() 0 .
)
42.
f(t)dt
f()( 2)
.
2( 1)
f : :
xh
f(t)dt h 2 , x, h .
f(x) 0, x
43.
44.
: ln10 ln(t 2 1)dt ln(t 2 1)dt ln17 .

x
f(x) ln t 2 1 dt .
3
) f .
) f .
) lim f(x) .
x 1
) f(x) 0 .
-15-
2012-2013
&
()
3:
34
555
1
3.7

f , ,
().
.
1.
. f , xx
x x
:
[functions] y1 = 8*a^3/(x^2+4*a^2)
[rparameters]
a = 2.0
[nparameters] nrPts = 200

[intervals] [ -15.000000, 15.000000 ]
[nrofpoints] nrPts
[comments] The curve "Witch of Agnesi" expressed as graph of a function.
E() f(x) dx
a
=2.0000
: f [, ] :
[functions] nrPts
y1 = 8*a^3/(x^2+4*a^2)
[rparameters]
a = 2.0
= 200
[intervals] [ -15.000000, 15.000000 ]
[nrofpoints]y1
nrPts
[functions]
= -8*a^3/(x^2+4*a^2)
[comments]
Theacurve
[rparameters]
= 2.0"Witch of Agnesi" expressed as graph of a function.
[intervals]
[ -15.000000, 15.000000 ]
a
[nrofpoints] nrPts
=2.0000
nrPts
[comments]
The curve "Witch of Agnesi" expressed as graph of a function.
-q1
1. f(x) 0 , x , ,
x=
x=
Cf
= 200
-q1
() f(x)dx
a
=
2.0000
nrPts
=200
_g2
1. f(x) 0 , x , ,
() -f(x)dx=- f(x )dx
Cf
x=
1. f [, ],
x=
x=
x=
f -
Cf
() ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) f(x)dx+ -f(x)dx+ f(x)dx
, f [, ].
1 f ,
:
) f(x) x , xx, x=1 , x=4
) f (x) x , xx, x=
3
, x=
2
2
) f ( x) x 2 4 x 3 , xx, x=1 , x=3

) f(x) lnx , xx, x=
1
, x=e
e
-1-
2012-2013
2.
. f g
x x .
:
() f(x) g(x) dx
-x0
Cg
1
Cf
x=
x=
f(x)-g(x) [, ]. :
() ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) f(x) g(x)dx g(x) f(x)dx f(x) g(x)dx
, f(x)-g(x) [ ,]
2
f , g :
) f(x) x , g(x) x , x 0, x 2 .
3.
f g..
Cf
Cg
x=
x=
f(x) g(x) .
x x
E() f(x) g(x) dx
1)
f xx (g(x)=0)
2) , f .
-2-
2012-2013
f , , .
3
f , g : f(x) x 3 , g( x) 2x x 2 .
4 C f xx,
: f ( x)
4.
x 3 3x 2 x 3
.
x2

, E() , E() .
, E() ,
, 0 ..
.
, E()
. !
:
[functions]
1 Cf , xx,
y1 = a/x
[rparameters]
()
x () x .
a = 2.0
[nparameters]
nrPts = 240
:
[intervals] [
-10.000000,
a
:
0.000000),
i)
=3.0000
(0.000000,
nrPts
10.000000)
= 240
[nrofpoints]
nrPts
[comments]
The inverse
function
defined over
two intervals
to avoid
division by
1
zero.
x=
x=
E() 1
E( ) E() f(t) dt
[functions]
() .
[functions]
lim
y1 = a/x
y1 = a/x

ii) 0 .
[rparameters]
[rparameters]
aa == 2.0
2.0
[nparameters]
[nparameters]
nrPts
nrPts == 240
240
[intervals]
[intervals] [[
-10.000000,
-10.000000,
aa
0.000000),
0.000000),
=3.0000
(0.000000,
nrPts
=3.0000
(0.000000,
nrPts
10.000000)
10.000000)
=
-o0
= 240
240
[nrofpoints]
[nrofpoints]
nrPts
-q0
nrPts
[comments]
[comments]
2
The
The inverse
inverse
function
function
defined over
defined over
two intervals
two intervals
to avoid
to avoid
division by
division by
zero.
zero.
() 2
x=
x=
E( ) E() f(t) dt
x=
lim () .
x=
ln x
C f ,
x2
xx x 0 1 .
5 f(x)
) E() .
) : A lim E() B lim E()
x
x 0
-3-
2012-2013
5.
.
( , xx , ...
)
Ch
Cg
3
Cf

2.
: () [f(x)-g(x)]dx+ [f(x)-h(x)]dx+ [(x)-h(x)] dx ()
6 , :
) . f(x) 3 x , g(x) x y 3 x 0 .
) C f f(x) x , (1,1) xx.
6. f -1
: E()
(x) dx :
f 1 (x) 0 ,
x f(u) f 1 (x) u, dx f (u)du
n.
f ()=
Cf
f() f 1 () f() f 1 () .
y=x
Cf -1
-1
f ()
f 1 (x)dx uf (u)du xf (x)du
C f 1 , x=
Cf , yy y=
( C f 1 , Cf y=x)
:
()= f 1 (x)dx =
0
[-f(x )]dx
( f()=)
1) , y x
Cf 1 y x ' C f
y x . , C f Cf 1 .
:
-4-
2012-2013
2)
11 f x
E 2 f x xdx x1 , x 2 x2
x1
Cf y x .
7 f (x) e x x 1 .
) .
) f f 1 .
) . f 1 ,
xx x e .
()

f(x) x A ,0 . 2
Cf ,
x 0 x .
:
f . A

Cf [0 , ] , f(x) x f 0,
2
, , x 0 .
2
2

f(x) x , f 1 , A ,0 :
2
2
: y 0 x : y x .
2
2

Cf 0, , f Cf
2

2 , f .
Cf , x 0 x :
2
0
x2
2 x2
x
dx
dx
x x
2
2
2
2 2
0 2 2
2
2 ..
4
-5-
2012-2013
()
[ , 349-251]
1.
2.
f(x) x 2 ,
f 1 (x) , f x x 3 x 1 , x- x 1 x 3 .
x 0 , yy y 1 , y 4 .
3.
3
(i) f(x) x 3 x 11.
4
(ii) Cf Cf 1 .
(iii) Cf Cf 1 .
4.
4
, x0.
x
) -
f(x) 2x
f , xx x , x 1 , 0 ,
1
E() 2 1 4 ln 1 .
) E() .
5.
f( x) x 5 x 3 x .
[]
) f , f
.
) f(e x ) f(1 x) , x .
) f (0,0) f f -1.
) . f -1 ,
6.
xx x 3 .
) h,g [,] h(x) g(x) x [,] ,
h(x)dx g(x)dx .
) f
f(x) e f( x) x 1, x f(0) 0 .
i)
f f .
x
f(x) xf (x) , x 0 .
2
1
1
iii) N E f(1) ,
4
2
ii)
Cf , xx x 0, x 1 .
-6-
2012-2013
&
()
3:
35 1
555
3.1-3.7_
-
1.
f(x)dx f(x)dx f(x)dx f(x)dx 0 .
2.
, .
3.
f
x 0 , .
4.
f .
5.
f
.
6.
f(x)dx 0 f(x) 0 x , .
7.
8.
9.
10. :
11. :
u f(x)du=u f(x)dx .
x f (x)dx f() f(x)dx .

0
c dx c dx .
6
f(x)dx f(x)dx .
12. f , :
13. :
f(x)dt f(x)dt .
xdx 0
14. . f(x) 0 x [,]
15. f(x) g(x) x [,]

16. < , :
f(x)dx 0 .
f(x)dx g(x)dx .
f(x)dx f(x) dx .
17. g(x)= f(t)dt g(x).
18.
19.
20.
f(x)dx f(t) .
f(x)dx g(x)dx , f(x) g(x) x [,] .
f(t)dt g(t)dt f(x) g(x) c .
-1-
2012-2013
21.
22.
f g(x) g(x) dx
g()
g()
f(u)du .
f (x)g(x)dx f(x)g(x) f(x)g(x)dx .
23.
24.
f(x)dx 0 , f(x) 0 x [,] .
f(x)dx xx,
x , x Cf f.
25. :
f(x)dx f(x)dx f(x)dx ,
.
26.
f(x)dx 10 , f [0, 5] 3.
27.
f(x)dx .
28. f [, ]
f(x)dx 0 ,
f(x) 0 x [,] .
et
29. f(x) 2 dt , 1 1, .
2 t 1
x
30. f(x)
ln(5 x)
tdt ( , 4] .
31. f, x
f(t)dt 0 f -
( )
32. I 2 f(x)f (x)dx :
: f() f()
: f() f()
: f 2 () f 2 ()
: f 2 () f 2()
: f()f() f ()f ()
33. g(x)
x 1
e 2t dt :
-2-
2012-2013

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&

10. z Re(z) Im(z)

22. Im(z1 .z 2 ) 0 , Im(z1 ) Im(z 2 ) 0 , z1 , z 2 .

28. : (2 3i)40 (2i 3)40 .

z : 1 - z > z , Re (z) <

z : z-1 z-2 , Re (z) <

z1 z 2 z1 z 2 (0,0) , M(z1 ),M(z 2 ) , OM1M2 (;).

z (2x 3) (2y 1)i,x, y . ..

f(x) k g(x) , k , k 2 , A f {x / g(x) 0}

vii) f(x) g(x) ,

A f {x / g(x) 0 & h(x) } A f {x D h / g(x) 0}

iii) f(x) log x 3 iv) f(x) log 4 x x 2

vi) f(x) 2x vii) f(x) x viii) f(x)

f(x) log(5 x) g(x) 1 log x .

12. f , g [f(x)]2 [g(x)]2 2 2(f g)(x) x , f , g

ii) (f g)(x) 1 x 2 g(x) x 2

iv) (g f)(x) 9x 2 x 1 g(x) 3x 1 v) (g f)(x) 2x 1 g(x)

22. O f(x) x 1 g(x) 3 2 x 2 1 .

ii) h(x) f(x 2 )

iii) (x) f(ln x)

28. x f(x) xf( x) x 3 1 , f.

31. f : f(xy) xf(x) yf(y) xy , x , y ,

ii) f(x)=-1+2 3-x

iii) f(x) lnx x 3

46. ) f(x) x x [0, ] .

f(f(x)) g(x) 0 (1) , f .

11. f : (f f)(x) x (1), :

vi) f(x) 1 2 ln(x 2)

29. f(x) x 3 6x 2 12x 10 .

30. x 12f(x ) 4f (x) 9 , f .

34. f : f(x y) f(x) f(y) , (1).

lim f(x) lim f(x 0 h) ( x x 0 h x=x 0 h ),

lim f(x) lim f(x 0 h) (

: lim f(x) g(x) lim(2x x 2 ) 8 .

, f(x) 0 x 0 , lim f(x).....0 !

13. lim f(x) lim g(x) , f(x) g(x) x 0 .

, f(x) g(x) x 0 , lim f(x)..... lim g(x) !

14. f, g x 0 f(x) g(x) x 0 , lim f(x) lim g(x) .

16. lim f(x) lim f(x) lim f(x) .

17. [ 0 ] lim f(x) 0 lim f(x) 0 .

18. lim f 2 (x) 0 lim f(x) 0 .

(), ix) lim

) f,g : . lim 2f(x) 3g(x) 2 lim 5f(x) 7g(x) 4 , lim f(x)

f(x) h(x) f(x) h(x) .

f : f(A) ( 5, 2) . ..: lim x f(x) 0 .

iv) lim x 2 f 1 (x) .

11. f : , : x 1 f(x) x 1 , x (1).

ii) lim f(x) 0

iii) lim f(x) 0

ii) f(x) f 2 (x)

x) lim f(x) , f(x)

vii) lim f(x) , f(x)

xiv) lim f(x) , f(x) (x 2)

xvi) lim f(x) lim f , f(x)

xvi) lim f(x) lim f , f(x)

17. f : f(A) (5,2) . : lim x f(x) 0 .

18. f(x) x 1 2x , lim

22. f : lim f x . lim f x .

) lim f(x) f(x 0 )

) lim f(x) f(x 0 )

) g(x) f(x) x 0 lim f(x) lim g(x) .

[3 (i,iii,v), B4(ii), 186]

) lim f(x) lim f(x) .