M : Knh tha cc thy c trong ban hi ng cng ton th cc bn. Em tn l Trn Vn Th.

Sinh vin lp K thut vin thng B K50 c s phn cng ca B mn. Hm nay em xin trnh by n tt nghip ca mnh. Nh chng ta bit, khi i sng vt cht ca ngi dn ngy cng c nng cao, yu cu v cht lng cc chng trnh truyn hnh, gii tr ngy cng ln. Hin nay vit nam, truyn hnh SDTV c phn gii cao nht l 720 x576 im nh. Trong khi , truyn hnh HDTV c s lng im nh cao gp 5 ln, cho hnh nh sc nt, chn thc. H thng m thanh 5.1 vn c dng nhiu trong cc dn nhc ti nh hay rp chiu phim, gi xut hin ngay c trn sng truyn hnh. Thm vo , nu t l tiu chun khung hnh c l 4:3 lm ngi xem mau mi mt th vi HDTV, t l khun hnh 16:9 hin th ng kch thc tht ca hnh nh. Vi nhng c tnh u vit nh trn, c th khng nh xu th HDTV l tt yu trong thi gian ngn ti y v ph hp vi s pht trin ca x hi. Xut pht t thc t , em tin hnh tm hiu vi ti Nghin cu truyn hnh phn gii cao HDTV. Ni dung n ca em gm 4 chng: Chng 1. Truyn hnh k thut s Chng 2. Truyn hnh phn gii cao HDTV Chng 3. Truyn dn tn hiu v cc thit b hin th HDTV Chng 4. ng dng cng ngh HDTV Vit Nam v tnh hnh trin khai truyn hnh HDTV ca VTC. V sau y em s i vo trnh by ni dung chnh ca n Phn u tin, em xin trnh by Tng quan v truyn hnh k thut s. Truyn hnh k thut s l s dng phng php s to, lu tr v truyn tn hiu ca chng trnh truyn hnh trn knh thng tin, m ra mt kh nng c bit rng ri cho cc thit b truyn hnh c nghin cu trc. M hnh tng qut h thng thu v pht truyn hnh s Mi mt chng trnh truyn hnh cn mt b m ha MPEG-2 ring sau khi bin i tng t sang s.

- Khi c nn gim ti d liu, cc chng trnh ny s ghp li vi nhau to thnh dng bt lin tip. Sau chng cn c iu ch pht i theo cc phng thc: + Truyn hnh s v tinh DVB-S (QPSK) + Truyn hnh s mt t DVB-T ( COFDM) + Truyn hnh s cp DVB-C (QAM) - Pha thu sau khi nhn c tn hiu s thc hin qu trnh ngc li a ra 2 ng tn hiu hnh v ting n my thu hnh. Trn y em va trnh by nhng kin thc tng quan v truyn hnh k thut s. y l cng ngh m cc nc trn th gii ang hng n s dng nhm thay th hon ton cho truyn hnh tng t vn lc hu. Vi nhng u im vt tri, truyn hnh s s mang li cho khch hng nhng dch v a dng v cht lng cao hn m truyn hnh tng t khng th c. Tiu biu l truyn hnh phn gii cao HDTV. hiu r hn, em xin c trnh by v cng ngh truyn hnh HDTV ny phn tip theo. Khi nim: - HDTV truyn hnh vi nt cao, l mt thut ng ch cc chng trnh TV k thut s, cc tp tin a phng tin c trnh chiu vi phn gii cao nht hin nay. phn gii cao gip hnh nh trung thc, chi tit hn rt nhiu. M hnh tng quan ca h thng HD c cu thnh t ba thnh phn chnh nh sau: H thng thit b trung tm H thng mng phn phi tn hiu Thit b u cui thu bao

Mt s c im ca HDTV - Do s dng ng truyn bng rng nn cc chng trnh HDTV cho mu sc hnh nh chn thc hn. - Nu SDTV s dng t l khun hnh 4:3 th sang HDTV tt c cc chng trnh u c hin th ch mn hnh 16:9 hin th ng kch thc tht ca hnh nh. - phn gii cao, ln ti 2 triu pixcel cho hnh nh sc nt, chi tit. - H thng m thanh Dolby Digital 5.1 c pht sng ng thi vi HDTV h tr chc nng m thanh vm.

Mt s k thut dng trong HDTV Hin nay s lng cc knh Full HD vn cn rt t, a phn l s dng knh SD sau dng phn mm hoc thit b phn cng c tnh nng convert nng cp cht lng chuyn i sang HD. S d phi pht knh HDTV chuyn i l v chi ph sn xut chng trnh HDTV tht tn km hn rt nhiu so vi SDTV. Vic pht cc chng trnh Full HD phi tun th theo chun HDTV c quy nh . Cn vi vic chuyn i knh t SDTV sang HDTV th phi s dng mt s k thut tng phn gii, nng cao cht lng hnh nh. Tng phn gii K thut De-interlacing L mt k thut quan trng s dng trong min khng gian tng s dng qut trong mt mnh qut. tng s im nh ngi ta s dng thut ton ni suy cc im nh mi bng cc im nh c. K thut upconversion y l k thut cho php ni suy khung nh v loi b mt s hiu ng xu tng cht lng hnh nh. m bo cht lng hnh nh khi tng tc truyn khung, loi b hin tng nh nhp nhy ngi ta p dng k thut lin khung b chuyn ng. Kt qu ca k thut ny cho php thu c hnh nh sc nt. Bin i t l khun hnh - Phng php ct theo chiu ng: nh gc 4:3 c ct 1 phn cnh trn v cnh di, sau thc hin dn dng v a vo khun hnh 16:9. Kt qu lm phn gii nh theo chiu ng b suy gim. - Phng php bng bin: nh gc 4:3 c cy vo khun hnh 16:9. Kt qu c 2 sc en 2 bn mp nh. Phng php ny khng yu cu c b nh khung, v d thc hin, tuy nhin t c a chung. Chuyn i m thanh tiu chun SD sang m thanh tiu chun HD K thut chuyn i m thanh stereo sang m thanh surround.

y l k thut ti to li m thanh t 2 knh stereo thng qua b gii m Pro logic 2 to ra cc knh m thanh surround nh trn h thng 5.1 cho cht lng m thanh sng ng hn. Nn HDTV y l biu th hin tng quan gia nn MPEG 2, MPEG 4. Nhn vo ta thy, nn bng MPEG 4 c th t c hiu qu hn 50 % so vi MPEG 2. Do MPEG 4 c s dng lm chun nn tn hiu HDTV gim bng thng v tng s lng knh truyn. Lch s v xu hng pht trin Nht: HDTV c nghin cu v pht trin ti Nht Bn t nm 1968. Tri qua qu trnh pht trin, n nay, HDTV tr nn thng dng ti Nht Bn. M: H thng HDTV pht trin mt cch hon chnh vi 6 nh cung cp dch v chnh qua v tinh, hn 30 nh cung cp HDTV qua cp, hn 75% vng lnh th c th thu HDTV qua sng mt t. Chu u: a phn cc nc u trin khai HDTV qua v tinh vi nhng u im v bng thng v s h tr ca DVB-S2. Knh tha cc thy c, va ri em trnh by xong phn khi nim, m hnh tng quan h thng HDTV, cc k thut x l tn hiu ti Studio. ng thi phn tnh tnh hnh trin khai cng ngh HDTV ca cc nc trn th gii. Sau y em xin c chuyn sang phn tip theo cng l phn quan trng ca n. Trong phn ny em s tp trung phn tch cc chun truyn dn DVB v ng thi gii thiu mt s cng ngh mn hnh hin th HDTV hin ang xut hin trn th trng Vit Nam. Trn y l s h thng truyn hnh v tinh DVB-S Ta thy: Tn hiu s c m ha theo chun MPEG2 hoc MPEG4/H.264.Sau khi ghp knh truyn ti, dng bt c thc hin cc cng on thch ng knh v tinh theo chun DVB-S. V th h th hai ca chun ny l DVB-S2 cho php lm tng hiu sut s dng bng thng trong truyn dn v tinh ln 30% hoc 131% ( khi s dng iu ch m ha VCM v ACM). Khi kt hp DVB-S2 vi m ha H.264/AVC mi transponder v tinh 36Mhz c th truyn 5-6 chng trnh HDTV. Mt chun tip theo l DVB-T. y l m hnh h thng truyn hnh s mt t DVB-T. Tiu chun ny c t chc ETSI cng nhn vo nm 1997. H thng DVBT cho php pht cc dch v SD (s dng m ho MPEG-2) v cc dch v HD (s dng m ho MPEG-4).

Th h th hai ca chun ny l DVB-T2 cho php tng dung lng knh truyn ln 30% v tin cy trong mi trng truyn sng trn mt t. H thng ny c th chia thnh 3 h thng con v pha nh mng (SS1, SS2 v SS3) v 2 h thng con v pha my thu (SS4 v SS5). Hin nay, ti Vit Nam, VTC ang p dng tiu chun DVB-T cn cc i nh AVG,VTV p dng tiu chun DVB-T2. u im ca DVB-T2 so vi DVB-T: ghp nhiu knh chng trnh trn mt knh tn s hn, kh nng trin khai mng n tn din rng hiu qu hn. Chun th 3 m em xin gii thiu l DVB-C. Tn hiu Video v Audio cng c a qua cc khi x l s ho, nn, ghp knh dch v, nh dng dng truyn ti, m ho knh truyn chng li v bin i thnh tn hiu RF, khuych i v a ti giao din ghp knh vt l vi knh cp. DVB-C2 c pht trin t nm 2008 l th h tiu chun th hai cho vic truyn tn hiu qua mng cp. Mc ch ban u ca DVB-C2 l pht trin cho cc dch v mng mi nh HDTV, VOD v truyn IP tc cao. DVB-C2 s dng cc k thut mi trong iu ch v m ho knh lm tng hiu sut s dng ph ln hn 30% . So vi knh v tinh th cc knh cp hu nh tuyn tnh hn v c t s S/N cao, nhng bng tn b hn ch (7 n 8 MHZ cho mi knh) v c th b nh hng bi nhiu v s di li ca tn hiu (echo). Va ri em trnh by cc phng thc truyn dn tn hiu. V tip theo trong phn ny em xin trnh by cc cng ngh mn hnh hin th HDTV. Hin nay trn th trng Vit Nam xut hin kh nhiu loi mn hnh tivi cht lng t HD ready ti Full HD. Ph bin nht l cc cng ngh: plasma, LCD v LED. Plasma c im nh to hn LCD nn vi mn hnh cng kch thc n s c t im nh hn, v gc nhn th plasma hn LCD nhng li c bn km hn Mn hnh Led c u im hn 2 loi trn: LED c tng phn cao hn, gc nhn rng hn, sng hn, v tiu th in nng t hn. Gi y, gi thnh tivi ngy cng gim, do khng qu kh khn chng ta c th u t cho gia nh mnh 1 mn hnh tiu chun HD thng thc cc chng trnh nt cao. Trn y em trnh by xong cc ni dung ca cng ngh HDTV. Vic ngi dng chuyn ln HDTV thay th SDTV c coi l mt bc tin ng nh cho ngnh cng nghip in t gia dng, tng t nh vic nhn loi chuyn t tivi en trng sang tivi mu trc y.

Sang phn cui cng, em s phn tch ng dng cng ngh HDTV ti Vit Nam v tnh hnh trin khai truyn hnh HDTV ca i VTC. ng dng v trin khai cng ngh HDTV vo nc ta lu, nhng vn cha mnh so vi th gii. Nhng kh khn v my mc k thut, ngun kinh ph u t t, l nguyn nhn HDTV pht trin chm so vi cc nc khc. Mt s cng ty truyn thng cung cp dnh v HD: VTC, K+, AVG, HCTV, v ang cung cp cc dch v truyn hnh tr tin cht lng cao vi cc gi cc kh cnh tranh. Tuy nhin cht lng tht ca cc knh HD th vn cha c n nh. ng thi, a phn cc chng trnh HD u phi mua t nc ngoi, cn cc chng trnh t sn xut rt t cha p ng c nhu cu thng thc ca khch hng. Nm 2008, VTC bt u chnh thc pht tn hiu sng truyn hnh ln v tinh VINASAT-1, ng thi cho ra i b thu gii m tn hiu truyn hnh v tinh nt cao- HDTV. Vi vic ny, VTC a sng truyn hnh cht lng cao nht ti mi vng min ca t quc. Thit b u thu HDTV y l cc Model u thu HD do VTC cung cp. Cc Model ny hon ton tng thch vi tiu chun DVB-S / DVB-S2 s dng thu v gii m tn hiu truyn thng a phng tin nh tn hiu truyn hnh HDTV, SDTV, radio v truyn s liu. Vi vic b ra khong 100 nghn mi thng, khc hng s c thng thc 60 knh cht lng SD v 12 knh truyn hnh cht lng HD. Trong , c 4 knh truyn hnh HD u tin bng ting Vit, do chnh VTC sn xut l VTC HD1, HD2, HD3 v VTC 3HD. Cng vi l 8 knh truyn hnh HDTV hp dn c mua bn quyn t nc ngoi. Qua nhng phn tch ca n v thc t cho thy HDTV l 1 lnh vc truyn hnh y tim nng hin ti v trong tng lai.Hy vng rng vi cuc ganh ua gia cc nh i trong nc v cnh tranh cc loi dch v truyn hnh tr tin khc s l ng lc VTC cng nh cc nh i tip tc ci tin k thut, nng cao cht lng dch v truyn hnh HDTV p ng tt nhu cu gii tr ca khc hng. Li cm n.