Interconnecting Networks With Tcp/Ip: Chapter 8

Chapter 8
Interconnecting
Networks with
TCP/IP
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. 81
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—82
Objectives
Upon completion of this chapter you will
be able to perform the following tasks:
• Identify the IP protocol stack, its protocol layer
functions, and commonly used IP protocols
• Identify IP address classes, IP addresses, IP subnet
masks, IP network numbers, subnet numbers, and
possible host numbers.
• Configure IP addresses and subnet masks on a
router interface and optionally configure a host table.
• Interconnect the VLANs with a layer three device
such as a router on a stick.

Introduction to TCP/IP
Host Host
Internet
TCP/IP
Early protocol suite
Universal

TCP/IP Protocol Stack
7 Application
6 Presentation 5
Application
5 Session
4
4 Transport Transport
3
3 Network Internet
2
2 Data Link Data Link
1
1 Physical Physical

Application Layer Overview
File Transfer
TFTP *
FTP *
NFS
EMail
Application SMTP
Remote Login
Telnet *
rlogin *
Transport Network Management
SNMP *
Internet Name Management
DNS*
Data Link
*Used by the router
Physical

Transport Layer Overview
Transmission Control Connection
Application Protocol (TCP) Oriented
Transport User Datagram Connectionless

Protocol (UDP)
Internet
Data Link
Physical

TCP Segment Format
Bit 0 Bit 15 Bit 16 Bit 31
Source port (16) Destination port (16)
Sequence number (32)
Acknowledgement number (32) 20
Bytes
Header
length (4) Reserved (6) Code bits (6) Window (16)
Checksum (16) Urgent (16)
Options (0 or 32 if any)
Data (varies)

Port Numbers
F T S D T S R
Application T E M N F N I
Layer
P L T S T M P
N P P P
E
T
21 23 25 53 69 161 520 Port
Transport Numbers
Layer TCP UDP

TCP Port Numbers
Source Dest.
…
Port Port
Telnet Z
Host A Host Z
SP DP Dest. port = 23.
1028 23 … Send packet to my
Telnet
application.

TCP Three Way
Handshake/Open Connection
Host A Host B
Send SYN
1 (seq=100 ctl=SYN)
SYN received

TCP Three Way
Host A Host B
Send SYN
1 (seq=100 ctl=SYN)
SYN received
Send SYN, ACK 2
SYN received (seq=300 ack=101 ctl=syn,ack)

TCP Three Way
Host A Host B
Send SYN
1 (seq=100 ctl=SYN)
SYN received
Send SYN, ACK 2
SYN received (seq=300 ack=101 ctl=syn,ack)
Established
3 (seq=101 ack=301 ctl=ack)

TCP Simple Acknowledgment
Sender Receiver
Window size = 1
Sender Receiver
Send 1
Receive 1
Window size = 1
Sender Receiver
Send 1
Receive 1
Send ACK 2
Receive ACK 2
Window size = 1
Sender Receiver
Send 1
Receive 1
Send ACK 2
Receive ACK 2
Send 2
Receive 2
Window size = 1
Sender Receiver
Send 1
Receive 1
Send ACK 2
Receive ACK 2
Send 2
Receive 2
Send ACK 3
Receive ACK 3
Window size = 1
Sender Receiver
Send 1
Receive 1
Send ACK 2
Receive ACK 2
Send 2
Receive 2
Send ACK 3
Receive ACK 3
Send 3
Receive 3
Window size = 1
Sender Receiver
Send 1
Receive 1
Send ACK 2
Receive ACK 2
Send 2
Receive 2
Send ACK 3
Receive ACK 3
Send 3
Receive 3
Receive ACK 4 Send ACK 4
Window size = 1
TCP Sequence and
Acknowledgment Numbers
Source Dest. Sequence Acknowledgement …
Port Port # #
I just
sent #10.
Source Dest. Seq. Ack.

1028 23 10 1

TCP Sequence and
Source Dest. Sequence Acknowledgement
…
Port Port # #
I just
sent #10.
I just got #10,
now I need #11.

1028 23 10 1
23 1028 1 11

TCP Sequence and
…
Port Port # #
I just
sent #11.
I just got #10,
now I need #11.
Source
Source Dest.
Dest. Seq. Ack.
Seq. Ack.

1028 23 10 1
23 1028 1 11
1028 23 11 2

TCP Sequence and
…
Port Port # #
I just
sent #11.
I just got #11,
now I need #12.
Source
Source Dest.
Dest. Seq. Ack.
Seq. Ack.

1028 23 10 100
23 1028 100 11
1028 23 11 101 Source Dest. Seq. Ack.
23 1028 101 12

TCP Windowing
Sender Receiver

TCP Windowing
Window size = 3
Sender Send 1 Receiver
Window size = 3
Send 2
Window size = 3
Send 3

TCP Windowing
Window size = 3
Window size = 3
Send 2
Window size = 3
Send 3
ACK 3 Packet 3 is
Window size = 2
Dropped

TCP Windowing
Window size = 3
Window size = 3
Send 2
Window size = 3
Send 3
ACK 3 Packet 3 is
Window size = 2
Dropped
Window size = 3
Send 3
Window size = 3
Send 4

TCP Windowing
Window size = 3 Window size = 3
Window size = 3
Send 2
Window size = 3
Send 3
ACK 3 Packet 3 is
Window size = 2 Dropped
Window size = 3
Send 3
Window size = 3
Send 4
ACK 5
Window size = 2

UDP Segment Format
Bit 0
1 Bit 15 Bit 16 Bit 31
Source port (16) Destination port (16)
8
Bytes
Length (16) Checksum (16)
Data (if any)
No sequence or acknowledgment fields

Internet Layer Overview
Internet Protocol (IP)
Application
Internet Control Message
Transport Protocol (ICMP)
Internet Address Resolution
Protocol (ARP)
Data Link
Reverse Address
Physical Resolution Protocol (RARP)
OSI network layer corresponds to the
TCP/IP internet layer
IP Datagram
Bit 0
1 Bit 15 Bit 16 Bit 31
Version Header Priority & Type
(4) Length (4) Total Length (16)
of Service (8)
Flags
Identification (16) (3) Fragment offset (13)
Time to live (8) Protocol (8) Header checksum (16) 20

Bytes
Source IP Address (32)
Destination IP Address (32)
Options (0 or 32 if any)
Data (varies if any)

Protocol Field
Transport
TCP UDP
Layer
6 17 Protocol
Numbers
Internet
Layer IP
Determines destination upperlayer protocol

Internet Control Message
Protocol
Application
Transport Destination
1 Unreachable
ICMP
Echo (Ping)
Internet
Other
Data Link
Physical

Address Resolution Protocol
I need the
Ethernet
address of
176.16.3.2.
172.16.3.1 172.16.3.2
IP: 172.16.3.2 = ???

I need the
I heard that broadcast.
Ethernet
The message is for me.
address of
Here is my Ethernet
176.16.3.2.
address.
172.16.3.1 172.16.3.2
IP: 172.16.3.2 = ???

I need the
Ethernet
address of
Here is my Ethernet
176.16.3.2.
address.
172.16.3.1 172.16.3.2
IP: 172.16.3.2 = ???
IP: 172.16.3.2
Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111

I need the
Ethernet
address of
Here is my Ethernet
176.16.3.2.
address.
172.16.3.1 172.16.3.2
IP: 172.16.3.2 = ???
IP: 172.16.3.2
Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111
Map IP MAC

Local ARP
Reverse ARP
What is
my IP
address?
Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111 IP = ???

Reverse ARP
I heard that
broadcast.
What is
Your IP
my IP
address is
address?
172.16.3.25.
Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111 IP = ???

Reverse ARP
I heard that
broadcast.
What is
Your IP
my IP
address is
address?
172.16.3.25.
Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111 IP = ???
Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111
IP: 172.16.3.25

Reverse ARP
I heard that
broadcast.
What is
Your IP
my IP
address is
address?
172.16.3.25.
Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111 IP = ???
Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111
IP: 172.16.3.25
Map MAC IP

Introduction to TCP/IP
Addresses
172.18.0.1 172.16.0.1
172.18.0.2 172.16.0.2
HDR SADA DATA
10.13.0.0 192.168.1.0
10.13.0.1 172.17.0.1 172.17.0.2 192.168.1.1
• Unique addressing allows communication
between end stations
• Path choice is based on destination address
Location is represented by an address
IP Addressing
32 bits
otted
Network Host
ecimal
Maximum 255 255 255 255

IP Addressing
32 bits
otted
Network Host
ecimal
Maximum 255 255 255 255

1 8 9 16 17 24 25 32
Binary 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111
128
8
4
2
64
32
16
128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1
128
64
32
16
128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1
8
4
2
1

IP Addressing
32 bits
Dotted
Network Host
Decimal
Maximum 255 255 255 255

1 8 9 16 17 24 25 32
Binary 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111
128
64
32
16
8
4
2
64
32
16
8
4
2
1
128
64
32
16
128
64
32
16
8
4
2
128
1
8
4
2
172 1
16 122 204
Example
Decimal
Example 10101100 00010000 01111010 11001100
Binary
IP Address Classes
8 bits 8 bits 8 bits 8 bits
Class A: Network Host Host Host
Class B: Network Network Host Host
Class C: Network Network Network Host
Class D: Multicast
Class E: Research

IP Address Classes
Bits: 1 8 9 16 17 24 25 32
0NNNNNNN Host Host Host
Class A:
Range (1126)
Bits: 1 8 9 16 17 24 25 32
10NNNNNN Network Host Host
Class B:
Range (128191)
1 8 9 16 17 24 25 32
Bits:
110NNNNN Network Network Host
Class C:
Range (192223)
1 8 9 16 17 24 25 32
Bits:
1110MMMM Multicast Group Multicast Group Multicast Group
Class D:
Range (224239)
Host Addresses
172.16.2.2 10.1.1.1
10.6.24.2
E1
172.16.3.10 E0 10.250.8.11
172.16.2.1
172.16.12.12 10.180.30.118
Routing Table
172.16 . 12 . 12 Network Interface
Network Host 172.16.0.0 E0
10.0.0.0 E1
Determining Available Host
Addresses
Network Host
172 16 0 0
N
16
15
14
13
12
11
108
9
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
10101100 00010000 00000000 00000000 1
00000000 00000001 2
00000000 00000011 3
11111111 1111110165534
...
...
...
11111111 1111111065535
11111111 1111111165536
2
2N2 = 2162 = 65534 65534
IP Address Classes Exercise
Address Class Network Host
10.2.1.1
128.63.2.100
201.222.5.64
192.6.141.2
130.113.64.16
256.241.201.10

IP Address Classes Exercise
Answers
Address Class Network Host
10.2.1.1 A 10.0.0.0 0.2.1.1
128.63.2.100 B 128.63.0.0 0.0.2.100
201.222.5.64 C 201.222.5.0 0.0.0.64
192.6.141.2 C 192.6.141.0 0.0.0.2
130.113.64.16 B 130.113.0.0 0.0.64.16
256.241.201.10 Nonexistent

Addressing without Subnets
172.16.0.1 172.16.0.2 172.16.0.3 172.16.255.253 172.16.255.254
…...
172.16.0.0
Network 172.16.0.0
Addressing with Subnets
172.16.3.0
172.16.4.0
172.16.1.0 172.16.2.0
Network 172.16.0.0
Subnet Addressing
172.16.2.200 172.16.3.5
172.16.3.1
E1
172.16.2.2 E0 172.16.3.100
172.16.2.1
172.16.2.160 172.16.3.150
New Routing Table
Network Host 172.16.0.0 E0
172.16.0.0 E1
Subnet Addressing
172.16.2.200 172.16.3.5
172.16.3.1
E1
172.16.2.2 E0 172.16.3.100
172.16.2.1
172.16.2.160 172.16.3.150
New Routing Table
Network Subnet Host 172.16.2.0 E0
172.16.3.0 E1
Subnet Mask
Network Host
IP
Address
172 16 0 0
Network Host
Default
Subnet
Mask
255 255 0 0
11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
Also written as “/16” where 16 represents the number of 1s
in the mask.
Network Subnet Host
8bit
Subnet 255 255 255 0
Mask
Also written as “/24” where 24 represents the number of 1s
in the mask.
Decimal Equivalents of Bit
Patterns
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 128
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 192
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 = 224
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 = 240
1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 = 248
1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 = 252
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 = 254
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 255
Subnet Mask without Subnets
Network Host
172.16.2.160 10101100 00010000 00000010 10100000
255.255.0.0 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
10101100 00010000 00000000 00000000
Network 172 16 0 0
Number
Subnets not in use—the default

Subnet Mask with Subnets
Network Subnet Host
172.16.2.160 10101100 00010000 00000010 10100000
255.255.255.0 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000
10101100 00010000 00000010 00000000
192
224
240
248
252
254
255
128
Network
Number 172 16 2 0
Network number extended by eight bits
Subnet Mask with Subnets
(cont.)
Network Subnet Host
172.16.2.160 10101100 00010000 00000010 10100000
255.255.255.192 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000
10101100 00010000 00000010 10000000
192
224
240
248
252
254
128
255
192
240
248
252
254
255
128
224
Network
Number 172 16 2 128
Network number extended by ten bits
Subnet Mask Exercise
Address Subnet Mask Class Subnet
172.16.2.10 255.255.255.0
10.6.24.20 255.255.240.0
10.30.36.12 255.255.255.0

Subnet Mask Exercise
Answers
Address Subnet Mask Class Subnet
172.16.2.10 255.255.255.0 B 172.16.2.0
10.6.24.20 255.255.240.0 A 10.6.16.0
10.30.36.12 255.255.255.0 A 10.30.36.0

Broadcast Addresses
172.16.3.0
172.16.4.0
172.16.1.0
172.16.3.255 172.16.2.0
(Directed broadcast)
255.255.255.255 X
(Local network broadcast)
172.16.255.255
(All subnets broadcast)
Addressing Summary
Example
172 16 2 160
172.16.2.160 10101100 00010000 00000010 10100000 Host 1
255.255.255.192 Mask
Subnet 4
Broadcast
First
Last

Addressing Summary
Example
172 16 2 160
172.16.2.160 10101100 00010000 00000010 10100000 Host 1
255.255.255.192 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 Mask 2
Subnet
Broadcast
First
Last

Addressing Summary
Example
172 16 2 160
172.16.2.160 10101100 00010000 00000010 10100000 Host 1
255.255.255.192 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 Mask 2
Subnet
Broadcast
First
Last 7

Addressing Summary
Example
172 16 2 160
172.16.2.160 10101100 00010000 00000010 10100000 Host 1
255.255.255.192 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 Mask 2
10000000 Subnet 4
Broadcast
First
Last

Addressing Summary
Example
172 16 2 160
172.16.2.160 10101100 00010000 00000010 10100000 Host 1
255.255.255.192 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 Mask 2
10000000 Subnet 4
10111111 Broadcast
5
First 6
Last

Addressing Summary
Example
172 16 2 160
172.16.2.160 10101100 00010000 00000010 10100000 Host 1
255.255.255.192 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 Mask 2
10000000 Subnet 4
10111111 Broadcast
5
10000001 First 6
Last

Addressing Summary
Example
172 16 2 160
172.16.2.160 10101100 00010000 00000010 10100000 Host 1
255.255.255.192 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 Mask 2
10000000 Subnet 4
10111111 Broadcast
5
10000001 First 6
10111110 Last 7

Addressing Summary
Example
172 16 2 160
172.16.2.160 10101100 00010000 00000010 10100000 Host 1
255.255.255.192 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 Mask 2

8
10101100 00010000 00000010 10000000 Subnet 4
10101100 00010000 00000010 10111111 Broadcast

5
10101100 00010000 00000010 10000001 First 6
10101100 00010000 00000010 10111110 Last 7

Addressing Summary
Example
172 16 2 160
172.16.2.160 10101100 00010000 00000010 10100000 Host 1
255.255.255.192 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 Mask 2

9 8
172.16.2.128 10101100 00010000 00000010 10000000 Subnet 4
172.16.2.191 10101100 00010000 00000010 10111111 Broadcast

5
172.16.2.129 10101100 00010000 00000010 10000001 First 6
172.16.2.190 10101100 00010000 00000010 10111110 Last 7

Class B Subnet Example
IP Host Address: 172.16.2.121
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Network Network Subnet Host
172.16.2.121: 10101100 00010000 00000010 01111001

255.255.255.0: 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000
Subnet: 10101100 00010000 00000010 00000000
Broadcast: 10101100 00010000 00000010 11111111
Subnet Address = 172.16.2.0
Host Addresses = 172.16.2.1–172.16.2.254
Broadcast Address = 172.16.2.255
Eight bits of subnetting
Subnet Planning
20 subnets
5 hosts per subnet
Class C address:
192.168.5.0
192.168.5.16
Other
subnets
192.168.5.32 192.168.5.48

Class C Subnet Planning
Example
IP Host Address: 192.168.5.121
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.248
Network Network Network Subnet Host
192.168.5.121: 11000000 10101000 00000101 01111001

255.255.255.248: 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111000
Subnet: 11000000 10101000 00000101 01111000
Broadcast: 11000000 10101000 00000101 01111111
Subnet Address = 192.168.5.120
Host Addresses = 192.168.5.121–192.168.5.126
Broadcast Address = 192.168.5.127
Five Bits of Subnetting
Broadcast Addresses Exercise
Address Subnet Mask Class Subnet Broadcast
201.222.10.60 255.255.255.248
15.16.193.6 255.255.248.0
128.16.32.13 255.255.255.252
153.50.6.27 255.255.255.128

Broadcast Addresses Exercise
Answers
Address Subnet Mask Class Subnet Broadcast
201.222.10.60 255.255.255.248 C 201.222.10.56 201.222.10.63

15.16.193.6 255.255.248.0 A 15.16.192.0 15.16.199.255
128.16.32.13 255.255.255.252 B 128.16.32.12 128.16.32.15
153.50.6.27 255.255.255.128 B 153.50.6.0 153.50.6.127

Switch IP Address
Configuration
Switch(config)#ip address ipaddress subnetmask
• Assigns an address and subnet mask
• Starts IP processing on a switch
Switch(config)#ip defaultgateway ipaddress
• Specifies a default gateway

Router IP Address
Configuration
Router(configif)#ip address ipaddress subnetmask
• Assigns an address and subnet mask
• Starts IP processing on a router interface

Router IP Address
Configuration
Router#term ip netmaskformat {bitcount|
decimal | hexadecimal}
• Sets display format of network mask for
current session
Router(configline)#ip netmaskformat
{bitcount | decimal | hexadecimal}
• Sets format of network mask for a
specific line
Router IP Host Names
Router(config)#ip host name [tcpportnumber]
address [address]
• Defines static host name to IP address
mapping
ip host Norine 172.16.3.1 192.168.3.1
ip host Roger 172.16.4.3
• Hosts/interfaces selectable by name or IP
address

Router Name Server
Configuration
DNS Server
Router(config)#ip nameserver serveraddress1
[[serveraddress2]...[serveraddress6]]
• Specifies one or more hosts that supply
host name to logical address resolution

Router Name System
Router(config)#ip domainlookup
Router(config)#end
Router#pat
Translating ”pat"...domain server (255.255.255.255)
% Unknown command or computer name, or unable to find computer address
Router#config t
Router(config)#no ip domainlookup
Router(config)#end
Router#pat
Translating ”pat"
% Unknown command or computer name, or unable to find computer address
Router#
• DNS enabled by default
Router Display Host Names
Router#show hosts
Default domain is not set
Name/address lookup uses domain service
Name servers are 255.255.255.255
Host Flags Age Type Address(es)
Norine (perm, OK) 0 IP 172.16.100.100
Roger (perm, OK) 0 IP 172.16.100.101
Frank (perm, OK) 0 IP 172.16.200.200
Bob (perm, OK) 0 IP 172.16.200.201
• Shows the host table

VLAN to VLAN Overview
Fa0/0 Router on
a stick
ISL
VLAN 1 VLAN 2
Application
TCP
IP
10.1.1.2 10.2.2.2
ISL
Ethernet
Network layer devices combine multiple broadcast domains

Dividing a Physical Interface
into Subinterfaces
FastEthernet 0/0
FastEthernet 0/0.1
FastEthernet 0/0.2
FastEthernet 0/0.3
Physical interfaces can be divided into multiple
subinterfaces

ISL Encapsulation
Router(configsubif)#encapsulation isl vlan identifier
• Enables ISL on a subinterface

Routing Between VLANs
Fast
E0/0
ISL
VLAN 1 VLAN 2
interface fastethernet 0/0
no ip address
!
interface fastethernet 0/0.1
10.1.1.2 10.2.2.2 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
encapsulation isl 1
interface fastethernet 0/0.2
ip address 10.2.2.1 255.255.255.0
encapsulation isl 2

Routing Between WANs
ISL S0
172.16.1.1
172.16.1.2
VLAN 1 VLAN 2
10.1.1.2 10.2.2.2 Application
TCP
interface Serial0 IP
ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0 HDLC
Serial

Visual Objective
SUBNET VLAN POD
10.1.1.0 1 wg_ro_x, wg_sw_x, core_sw_a, core_sw_b
10.2.2.0 2 wg_pc_a, core_server, core_ro VLAN2 wg_pc_a
10.3.3.0 3 wg_pc_b, core_server, core_ro 10.2.2.12
10.4.4.0 4 wg_pc_c, core_server, core_ro
10.5.5.0 5 wg_pc_d, core_server, core_ro fa0/26 fa0/27
10.6.6.0 6 wg_pc_e, core_server, core_ro e0/1
(port A) (port B)
10.7.7.0 7 wg_pc_f, core_server, core_ro
10.8.8.0 8 wg_pc_g, core_server, core_ro wg_sw_a
10.9.9.0 9 wg_pc_h, core_server, core_ro 10.1.1.10
10.10.10.0 10 wg_pc_i, core_server, core_ro
10.11.11.0 11 wg_pc_j, core_server, core_ro wg_pc_l
10.12.12.0 12 wg_pc_k, core_server, core_ro VLAN13 10.13.13.12
10.13.13.0 13 wg_pc_l, core_server, core_ro
fa0/26 e0/1 fa0/27
(port A) (port B)
wg_sw_l
fa0/0 10.1.1.120
Core_ro
fa0/23 ...
fa0/1 fa0/12 fa0/12 fa0/1
fa0/24 fa0/13 fa0/13

core_ server core_sw_a fa0/14 fa0/14 core_sw_b
10.1.1.2 10.1.1.4
Summary
After completing this chapter, you should be
able to perform the following tasks:
• Identify the TCP/IP protocol stack and the
functions of each layer
• Separate an IP address into its subcomponents:
the network, subnet, and host portions
• Configure IP addresses on Cisco router and
switch interfaces
• Interconnect VLANs using a layer three device
such as a “router on a stick”

Review Questions
1. What is the difference between the TCP and
UDP transport layer protocols?
2. Given a host with IP address, 192.168.20.1
255.255.255.240, how many other hosts can
you have in that network?
3. What is required to interconnect separate
VLANs?

Do not delete

Interconnecting Networks With Tcp/Ip: Chapter 8

Enviado por

Dados do documento

Descrição original:

Título original

Direitos autorais

Formatos disponíveis

Compartilhar este documento

Compartilhar ou incorporar documento

Opções de compartilhamento

Você considera este documento útil?

Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Interconnecting Networks With Tcp/Ip: Chapter 8

Enviado por

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Chapter 8

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—8­3

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—8­4

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—8­5

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—8­6

Transport User Datagram Connectionless

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—8­7

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—8­8

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—8­9

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—8­10

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—8­11

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—8­12

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—8­13

Source Dest. Seq. Ack.

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—8­21

Source Dest. Seq. Ack.

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—8­22

Source Dest. Seq. Ack.

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—8­23

Source Dest. Seq. Ack.

1028 23 11 101 Source Dest. Seq. Ack.

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—8­24

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—8­25

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—8­26

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—8­27

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—8­28

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—8­29

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—8­30

Time to live (8) Protocol (8) Header checksum (16) 20

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—8­32

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—8­33

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—8­34

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—8­35

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—8­36

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—8­37

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—8­39

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—8­40

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—8­41

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—8­42

Maximum 255 255 255 255

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—8­44

Maximum 255 255 255 255

Binary 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—8­45

Maximum 255 255 255 255

Binary 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111

8 bits 8 bits 8 bits 8 bits

Class A: Network Host Host Host

Class B: Network Network Host Host

Class C: Network Network Network Host

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—8­47

Address Class Network Host

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—8­51

Address Class Network Host

10.2.1.1 A 10.0.0.0 0.2.1.1

128.63.2.100 B 128.63.0.0 0.0.2.100

201.222.5.64 C 201.222.5.0 0.0.0.64

192.6.141.2 C 192.6.141.0 0.0.0.2

130.113.64.16 B 130.113.0.0 0.0.64.16

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—8­52

172.16.0.1 172.16.0.2 172.16.0.3 172.16.255.253 172.16.255.254

172.16.2.160 10101100 00010000 00000010 10100000

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—83

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—84

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—85

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—86

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—87

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—88

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—89

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—810

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—811

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—812

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—813

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—821

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—822

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—823

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—824

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—825

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—826

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—827

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—828

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—829

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—830

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—832

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—833

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—834

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—835

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—836

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—837

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—839

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—840

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—841

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—842

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—844

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—845

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—847

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—851

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—852

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—859

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—862

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—863

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—865

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—866

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—867

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—868

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—869

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—870

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—871

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—872

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—873

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—875

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—877

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—878

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—879

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—880

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—882

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—883

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—885

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—886

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—887

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—888

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—889

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—890

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—892

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—893