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4.1 INTRODUCCION 4.2 ARMADURAS PLANAS 4.3 METODO DE LOS NUDOS 4.4 METODO DE LAS SECCIONES 4.5 ARMADURAS ESPECIALES 4.6 ENTRAMADOS Y MAQUINAS 4.7 REPASO Y FORMULACION DE PROBLEMAS
PROBLEMA ESTATICA MERIAM Edic 3. Calcular, por el mtodo de los nudos, la fuerza en los miembros del entramado en voladizo B
FBD
5m
5m
D
FBD
FAB FAB
FBC
5m
FBC
FCD
FAC
5m
FAC
FCE
5m
E
5m 600 60
0
TX
30 kN
20 kN
T 600
300
TY 5m
A C
5m 30 kN 20 kN 5m
EX
E
EY
ME = 0
- T (5) + 30 (5 + 5) + 20 (5) = 0
T=
400 = 80 N 5
T = 80 N
T cos 30 = X T
TX = T cos 30 Pero: T = 80 N TX = 80 (0,866) TX = 69,28 N FY = 0 TY + EY - 30 - 20 = 0 TY + EY - 50 = 0 Pero: TY = 40 N 40 + EY - 50 = 0 EY - 10 = 0 EY = 10 KN
T sen 30 = Y T
TY = T sen 30 Pero: T = 80 N TY = 80 (0,5) TY = 40 N FX = 0 TX - EX = 0 Pero: TX = 69,28 N TX = EX EX = 69,28 N
A continuacin, dibujamos los diagramas de slido libre que muestren las fuerzas actuantes en cada nudo. La exactitud de los sentidos asignados a las fuerzas se comprueba al considerar cada nudo en el orden asignado. No debe haber dudas acerca de la exactitud del sentido asignado a las fuerzas actuantes en el nudo A. El equilibrio exige NUDO A
4,33 2,5
Se halla FAC
FAB 30 = 5 4,33
30 kN
FAC
FAB =
(30) 5 = 34,64 KN
B
FBD FBC FBC (Y) FBC
FBD
FAB
sen 60 =
FBC(Y ) FBC
1 3 cos 60 = sen 60 = 2 2
cos 60 =
FBC(X ) FBC
sen 60 =
FAB(Y ) FAB
cos 60 =
FAB(X ) FAB
3 3 FBC = 2 FAB 2
FBC = FAB
3 FBC(x ) = 2 FBC PERO: FBC = 34,64 kN 1 FBC(x ) = (34,64) = 17,32 KN 2 FBC(x) = 17,32 KN
5m
D
FBD FCD FED
FAB FAB
FBC
5m
FBC
FCD
FED
EX
NUDO C A
FAC
5m 30 kN 20 kN
FAC
FCE
5m
FCE
E
EY
FBC
FCD
FBC (X)
FCD (X)
PERO:
FAC = 17,32 kN (compresion) FBC = 34,64 kN (compresin) FBC(x) = 17,32 KN
FAC
FCE
20 kN
600 FAC
20 kN
cos 60 =
FCD(X ) FCD
sen 60 =
FCD(Y ) FCD
PERO:
FAC = 17,32 kN (compresin) FBC(x) = 17,32 KN FCD(x) + 17,32 + 17,32 FCE = 0 FCD(x) + 34,64 FCE = 0 FY = 0 - FBC(Y) + FCD(Y) 20 = 0
1 FCD - FCE = - 34,64 (Ecuacin 1) 2 3 FCD(Y ) = 2 FCD 2 FCD = FCD(Y ) 3 PERO: FCD(Y) = 50 KN 2 FCD = 50 = 57,73 KN 3 FCD = 57,73 kN (Tensin)
Reemplazar en la ecuacin 1
PERO: FBC(Y) = 30 KN
- 30 + FCD(Y) 20 = 0 - 50 + FCD(Y) = 0 FCD(Y) = 50 KN
NUDO E
FED
EX
B
FBD
5m EY
5m
D
FBD FCD FED
FCE
E
FAB FAB
FBC
5m
FBC
FCD
FED
EX
FAC
FCE
5m
FCE
E
EY
PERO:
EY = 10 KN FED (Y) = 10 KN
FED (X)
sen 60 =
FED(Y ) FED
600 FCE EX
EY
FAB = 34,64 kN (tensin) FBC = 34,64 kN (compresin) FCD = 57,73 kN (Tensin) FED = 11,54 KN (compresin)
Problema 4.1 Esttica Meriam edicin cinco; Problema 4.2 Esttica Meriam edicin tres
2m
2m
B
2m
C MA = 0 CX
735,75 N
CX (2) = 1274,31
CX =
1274,31 = 637,15 N 2
FBA 367,87 = 2 1
Dx
30
0
B
FBC 735,75 N 735,75 N 367,87 N
2 1,732 1,732
FBA = 2 X 367,87
FBA
367,87 N
FBC
FBC 367,87 = 2 1
FBC = 2 X 367,87
Nudo C
FCA
FBC
300
CX
FCA
1,732 1 2
CX C
FBC
Problema 4.2 Esttica Meriam edicin cinco Determine the force in each member of the loaded truss.Discuss the effects of varying the angle of the 450 support surface at C. BY 6 pies A FAB FAC
100 libras
FAB
B FBC FBC Bx
2,5 pies
FAC MC = 0
C
0 45 Cx
CY
cos 45 =
BX =
B
BX = 240 libras MB = 0
C = 339,41 libras
sen 45 =
CY C
CX =
A FAC
FAB A
6 6,5 2,5 100 libras
FAB FAC
100 libras
Hallar FAB
FBC FAC
Cx
450
sen =
2,5 6,5
FAC(Y ) FAC
FY = 0 CY FBC FAC(Y) = 0 Pero: CY = 240 libras FAC(Y) = 100 libras CY FAC(Y) = FBC
CY
sen =
FAC(Y ) = FAC(Y ) =
10
Determine the force in each member of the truss. Note the presence of any zero-force members.
5 kN
AY Ax A FBC
1m
3m
FAB FCA
FAB
B FBC
MA = 0
FCA C
FBC
DX (1) - 5 (3) = 0
Dx
DX - 15 = 0 DX = 15 KN FX = 0 DX AX = 0 DX = AX Ax AY A FBC
1m =26,560
5 kN b=3m
c= 5
PERO: DX = 15 KN AX = 15 KN
FY = 0 AY 5 = 0 AY = 5 KN
FBC D
a=2 2
Dx
2m
tg =
2 1
a 2 = (3)2 +
a2 = 9 + 5- 6
( 5 )(0,4471)
( 5)
a 2 = 14 - 2,68
a 2 = 14 - 6 a 2 = 8
a= 8 =2 2
FBC(X)
=450
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NUDO B
5 kN
FAB FBC
FAB
B
5 kN
FBC
ley de cosenos c2 = a2 + b2 2 a b sen = arc tg 0,7071 = 450 cos = cos 45 = 0,7071 sen = sen 45 = 0,7071
FBC = 7,071 KN
FBC(X) = FBC cos 45
FBC = 7,071 KN
FBC(X) = FBC cos 45 FBC(X) = (7,071) (0,7071) FBC(X) = 5 kN FX = 0 FBC(X) FAB = 0
5 kN
AY Ax A FAB
3m
12
FAB B
FBC(X)
FBC(Y)
FCD FCA
FCA(Y)
FCA (Y ) sen 26,56 = FCA FCA(Y ) 5 FCA = = = 11,18 kN sen 26,56 0,4471
FCA = 11,18 kN (tensin)
FCA(X)
FX = 0 - FBC(X) + FCD FCA(X) = 0 Pero: FBC(X) = 5 kN - 5 + FCD FCA(X) = 0
Reemplazando la ecuacin 1 FCD 0,8944 FCA = 5 (Ecuacin 1) Pero: FCA = 11,18 kN FCD 0,8944 (11,18) = 5 FCD 10 = 5 FCD = 5 + 10 = 15 kN FCD = 15 Kn (compresin) NUDO D
AY Ax A
FCD FCA(X) = 5
FCA(X) = 0,8944 FCA
5 kN 3m
13
FAB
0
FAB
FCD = 15 Kn
Fy = 0 FBC = 0
Problema 4.4 Esttica Meriam edicin cinco Calculate the forces in members BE and BD of the loaded truss.
8 pulg.
8 pulg.
CY C Cx
8 pulg. 2
FBC FBD
FBC
FAB FEB
FEB FAB
FBD FED
A MC = 0
FAE
FAE
FED
D DY
Dx
1000 lb
1000 (8 + 8) - DX (8) = 0 C
2 2
FX = 0 CX - DX = 0
CY
Cx
DX =
C CY
2 2
CX = 2000 lb.
DX = 2000 lb.
Cx
14
CY CX = 2 2
Cancelando trminos semejantes CY = CX PERO: CX = 2000 lb. CY = 2000 lb. NUDO A Las ecuaciones de equilibrio para la junta A son:
8 pulg. 8 pulg.
CY C Cx
2
FAB 8 pulg.
FAB = 1000 2
FAB = 1000
FAE
FAE
D DY
Dx
( 2)
1000 lb
Hallar FAE
8 2
8
1000 lb
FAE
1000 = FAE
FAE = 1000 lb. (Compresin)
1000 lb FAE
NUDO E
FEB
15
8 pulg. 8 pulg.
CY C Cx
8 pulg. 2
FBC FBD
FBC
FAB
FY = 0 FEB = 0
FAB
FEB
FEB
FBD FED
FX = 0 FAE - FED = 0 FAE = FED PERO: FAE = 1000 lb. FED = 1000 lb. (Compresin) NUDO B
FAB
FAE
FAE
FED
D DY
Dx
1000 lb
FBD(X)
FAB(X)
FBC
FBD(Y)
8 2
8 FBD
8 2
FAB 8
FAB(Y) FBC
FEB
=0
FBD
Hallar FAB(X)
FAB = FAB(Y ) 2
FX = 0 FBC - FBD(X) - FAB(X) = 0 PERO: FAB(X) = 1000 lb.
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1414,2 2
= FAB(Y )
FAB(Y) = 1000 lb. FY = 0 FBD (Y) FAB (Y) = 0 FBD (Y) = FAB (Y)
Hallar FBC FBC - FBD(X) = 1000 ECUACION 1 PERO: FBD (X) = 1000 lb. FBC - 1000 = 1000 FBC = 1000 + 1000 FBC = 2000 lb. (traccin)
DX = 2000 lb. FAB = 1414,21libras (tensin) FAE = 1000 lb. (Compresin) FED = 1000 lb. (Compresin) FEB = 0 FBC = 2000 lb. (traccin)
Problema 4.5 Esttica Meriam edicin cinco Determine the force in each member of the loaded truss
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Problema 4.4 Esttica Meriam edicin tres; Problema 4.6 Esttica Meriam edicin cinco; Hallar la fuerza en cada miembro de la armadura cargada
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20
21
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Problema 4.7 Esttica Meriam edicin tres; Problema 4.12 Esttica Meriam edicin cinco Calcular las fuerzas en los miembros CG y CF de la armadura representada
2 KN 2m 2m 2m
DY D Dx
4 KN
G F
3m
ME = 0
E CY
2m 2 KN 2m 2m
Ex
4 (2 + 2 + 2) + 2 (2 + 2) DX (3) = 0
DY FCD D Dx
3m
FAB
FAG G
DX =
32 = 10,666 KN 3
F E CY Ex
DX = 10,666 KN
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FAB FAG
6 6,7 3 4 KN
Hallar FAG
2 KN 2m
2m
DY D Dx
3m
FAB
FBC A
FAB FAG
4 KN
FAB
FAG G F
FBG
FX = 0 FBC - FAB = 0 FBC = FAB PERO: FAB = 8 KN (tensin) FBC = 8 KN (tensin) FBG = 2 KN (compresin) FY = 0 FBG - 2 = 0
E CY
Ex
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DY D Dx
FAB
FAG G
3m
3 tg = = 0,5 6
= arc tg (0,5) = 26,56
0
F E Ex
FGC FGF(Y)
FGC(Y)
CY
sen 26,56 =
FGF(Y ) FGF
cos 26,56 =
FGF (X)
FY = 0 FGC (Y) + FGF (Y) - FAG (Y) - FBG = 0 PERO: FGC(Y) = FGC sen 26,56 FGF(Y) = FGF sen 26,56 FBG = 2 KN (compresin) FAG(Y) = FAG sen 26,56 FAG = 8,94 KN (compresion) FAG (Y) = (8,94) sen 26,56 FAG (Y) = (8,94) (0,4471) FAG (Y) = 4 KN FGC (Y) + FGF (Y) FGC (Y) + FGF (Y) FGC (Y) + FGF (Y) FGC (Y) + FGF (Y) - FAG (Y) - FBG = 0 -4 -2=0 -6=0 =6
sen 26,56 =
FGC(Y ) FGC
FGC(X ) cos 26,56 = FGC FGC (X) = FGC cos 26,56 FAG(X ) FAG = FAG cos 26,56
sen 26,56 =
FAG(Y ) FAG
cos 26,56 =
FAG (X)
FX = 0 FGC (X) + FAG (X) - FGF (X) = 0 PERO: FGC (X) = FGC cos 26,56
25
FGF (X) = FGF cos 26,56 FAG (X) = FAG cos 26,56 FAG = 8,94 KN (compresion) FAG (X) = FAG cos 26,56 FAG (X) = (8,94) cos 26,56 FGC (X) + FAG (X) - FGF (X) = 0 FGC cos 26,56 + (8,94) cos 26,56 - FGF cos 26,56 = 0 FGC + 8,94 - FGF = 0 FGC - FGF = - 8,94 (Ecuacin 1) Resolver las ecuaciones FGC - FGF = - 8,94 (-0,4471) 0,4471 FGC + 0,4471 FGF = 6 -0,4471 FGC + 0,4471 FGF = 4 0,4471 FGC + 0,4471 FGF = 6 0,4471 FGF + 0,4471 FGF = 4 + 6 0,8942 FGF = 10
FGF =
10 = 11,18 KN 0,8942
FGF = 11,18 KN (compresion) Reemplazar la ecuacin 1 FGC - FGF = - 8,94 (Ecuacin 1) Pero: FGF = 11,18 KN FGC 11,18 = - 8,94 FGC = 11,18 - 8,94 FGC = 2,24 KN (tensin)
26
DY FCD D Dx
3m
FAB FAG
FAB
FCD
4 KN
FAG G
F E CY Ex
FGC(X ) cos 26,56 = FGC FGC (X) = FGC cos 26,56 FGC (X) = (2,24) cos 26,56 FGC (X) = (2,24) 0,8944 FGC (X) = 2 KN
sen 26,56 =
FGC (Y) FGC (Y) FGC (Y) FGC (Y)
FGC(Y ) FGC
FX = 0 FCD - FBC - FGC (X) = 0 PERO: FBC = 8 KN FGC (X) = 2 KN FCD - FBC - FGC (X) = 0 FCD - 8 - 2 = 0 FCD - 10 = 0 FCD = 10 kN (tensin) FY = 0 FCF - FGC (Y) = 0 FCF = FGC (Y) PERO: FGC (Y) = 1 KN FCF = 1 KN (compresin)
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29
30
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Problema 4.22 Esttica Meriam edicin cinco Determine the forces in members AB, CG, and DE of the loaded truss
32
Problema 4.24 Esttica Meriam edicin cinco Verify the fact that each of redundancy and prpose two separate changes, either one of which would remove the redundancy and produce complete statical determinacy. All members can support compression as well as tension.
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35
36
Problema 4.36 Esttica Meriam edicin cinco Determine the forces in members BC and FG of the loaded symmetrical truss. Show that this calculation can be accomplished by using one section and two equations, each of wich contains only one of the two unknowns. Arc the results affected by the statical indeterminacy of the supports at the base?
37
Problema 4.37 Esttica Meriam edicin cinco The truss is composed of equilateral triangles of side a and is supported and loaded as shown. Determine the forces in members BC and CG.
Problema 4.38 Esttica Meriam edicin cinco The truss shown is composed of 450 right triangles. The crossed members in the center two panels are slender tie rods incapable of supporting compression. Retain the two rods wich are under tension and compute the magnitudes of their tensions. Also find the force in member MN.
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