SREEKAVITHAENGINEERIG COLLEGE

EEE Department EM-II LAB

Experiment No: 8

III/IV EEE (I Semester) Page 1 of 4

DETERMINATION OF Xd AND Xq OF A SALIENT POLE SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE (SLIP TEST).

Aim: - To determine direct and quadrature axis synchronous reactance of a synchronous machine. Apparatus: S.No. Meter Range Type Quantity
1. 2. 3. 4. Voltmeter Ammeter Tachometer Variac 0-150V 0-5A 0-10000 RPM 3- , 415 V /15 A MI MI Analog 1 1 1 1

Name Plate Details: Alternator

KVA :3 Extn. Volts : 220 Volts :415 Amps : Amps :4.2 P.F. : Connection : Rpm :1500 Hz : Phase : 3 Winding :

Induction Motor
Volts : 415 Phase : 1.4 Amps : 7.8 Hz 0.8 Rpm : 1440 50 Y H.P. : 5 3 : 50

Circuit Diagram: -

Lab In Charge EEE

HOD,

SREEKAVITHAENGINEERIG COLLEGE
EEE Department EM-II LAB

Experiment No: 8

III/IV EEE (I Semester) Page 2 of 4

Theory: -

The values of Xd and Xq are determined by applying a balance reduced external voltage (say, V volts) to an unexcited machine at a speed a little less than the synchronous speed (the slip being less than 1%). Connection diagram is shown in circuit diagram. Due to voltage V applied to the stator terminal a current I will flow causing a stator mmf. This stator mmf moves slowly relative to the poles and induced an emf in the field circuit in a similar fashion to that of rotor in an induction motor at slip frequency. The effect will be that the stator mmf will moves slowly relative to the poles. The physical poles and the armaturereaction mmf are alternately in phase and out, the change occurring at slip frequency. When the axis of the pole and the axis of the armature reaction mmf wave coincide, the armature mmf acts through the field magnetic circuit. The voltage applied to the armature is then equal to drop caused by the direct component of armature reaction and leakage reactance. When the armature reaction mmf is in quadrature with the field poles, the applied voltage is equal to the leakage reactance drop plus the equivalent voltage drop of the cross magnetising field component. From the readings recorded. ;
Xq = Minimum Voltage Maximum Current

Procedure: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram. Drive the synchronous machine using prime mover (induction motor) at a speed slightly less than synchronous speed. With the field of the alternator open circuited apply 25% of the balanced three phase rated voltage and rated frequency across the armature terminals. Note down the maximum and minimum readings of voltmeter & ammeter. Calculate Xd and Xq and plot a graph with armature current on X-axis and Xd and Xq on Y axis.

Observation: Lab In Charge EEE HOD,

SREEKAVITHAENGINEERIG COLLEGE
EEE Department EM-II LAB

Experiment No: 8 VMIN (Volts )

III/IV EEE (I Semester) Page 3 of 4 IMIN IMAX Xd Xq VMAX (Amps (Amps (Ohms (Ohms (Volts) ) ) ) )

S.No.

Speed (Rpm)

Model Graph: Xd , Xq

Xd Xq

IA

Model Calculations: ; X = Minimum Voltage q

Maximum Current

Precautions: 1. Note down the readings without parallax errors.

Lab In Charge EEE

HOD,

SREEKAVITHAENGINEERIG COLLEGE
EEE Department EM-II LAB

Experiment No: 8 2.

III/IV EEE (I Semester) Page 4 of 4 must be slightly less than

Speed of the alternator synchronous speed.

Result: Determined the values of Xd and Xq and it is observed that Xd and Xq goes on decreasing with the armature current increased.

Lab In Charge EEE

HOD,