Atkinson, R.L., Atkinson, R.C., Smith, E.E., Bem, D.J. (2002) Introducere in psihologie. Bucuresti, Ed. Tehnica pp.

719-727; 766-772

bLtricilorroJt m scril or ci Mi di'nru noi rreD, .arc dildcirL 'ntrlt desigtrrmli {r nc rc!hSi ciid soirc dtr\ioli. |'crioldc 'naifumizeaTi ghidchrdc condtrili Elc n.al'itnuir.0 dctrimxli. supir4i hri idn rru i'dccvrti in rczolvarer unorsirrtii o fd6o.ill rl{i o4riirz \i,'li fild indoi'li dc ri'rc rirta. codplc\q dc In..&u Jc r duc.o perio e de singurararc. \iati rarirftc @rcSicu*nsn(cnrus.r rl dkpcnrs. Dc fapl ap.ori'nrtiv d inr o t dr dri'nbiri rchdolrAicc si rcim di,rr {icrnirorlnio ulblc]11i smirle Mulre din corrirso lc anotioriljl $u ncrtala sc\qr, ccl tllir 'rpiilc trostrctld liorte cu pivnc . n'rcii. o dni tu oun'l lielii carc, da.il ene rclLgic. s.\. cisitolicy farnilc $nr prrc dhgtroiic l. \r li da3ific.ti .d tulbun'b scnrnul nrrcbfuiiiarvaloriL. roci!lc rrrc NnrrLl (Rci8cr I.a, r933).

Comportanrentul anormal
ln d.cn crpirolnewn indrc rrttrlia lrdr osupR irdivizilor.arc tr' tuii m.nol. Eovc.cir si,supE lclor . ru dszrolr{ $ilui dc viali ot(di{ qNc ComDd.'!.Drcl. dsspE mE di{udB 5nd clrsilicdc cr ,!n(m,lc . d . ria cum ron r'.dq linir do dutrrr.rlic idr compon!tu ul .nmal' ri cel ,..tro. cn. dlPlne dean cbri. 'nal scrdnr,,.linri dc iormi'. Moi frrlc ( nrillimca,Eculdei ri saiacreri$ici. ideliSenledscnneazi o corc8,riudc valoi ai,ncicl,d sunrmisumr tu c.dn,l unei populilii Mijoritarea oancriln * incadE .a in c .eoria de inillimc mcdic,in ri'$p cd putini i' i!i7i rutrl anomalde i'rlli sru lmmd dc sutrzi. O defiiitlc tr rfonnaln4ii are la bdzl lrevenl. id eici co.rpo,rdnginrl monnal tru o. lllcvcnti vrriiio:i stru $r. devi dc h ,orni. D.r. p.trivit rcenei dclinilii, *ren dc inr.lis. , eD erhm dr fcricita ra fi clasilicdi cr anom i. Pnn umrro. ld dcli.ia! compdrtuml|li !trohhll, rrcbdc si lui'n in co6ldcnrc (dnriorr ccvrinii nrll dccii ilccverta

anormalit!tii Delinirca
Cc intelegen tin contonlnenr ? Cr. su crnciilc dd dife .rurul ftn icE dc componamcnto | r'? in -nonnr r..!si privinl. nu extsttun co(sctrs. dir najo lrfl irerci lo.dcadcsoi{ or trulildc! slnl limdrmeDh.c pc 0rr \ru min lrc diLxrc Lnnii.srLc dcn,ilii

DEVINREA DO LA NORMIiI,I' socL{LE, Ficclr. seiede arc an(mirc DDIII:REA DE L,{ NORJIItrLE{rndJdc. sru !or@, pcntu tri .nn STATISTICI. Cuunrul !.orml in romm.nr ascctrrbili compotumDhn

120
$r dcliazipr!trurlar de h r$reionns isfcl dc conoo. socL.htc. cu loars aceier. apm unele prcbleDie arurci cind dsvicruude lr nomde sociaLee$e diliztn drpt ftireriu ponru dennirer rmrmaln:ilii. Compona:ncnrul c! e$c cofsideru. Nmal de ciite o scicrarc. poarc fi co'sldert ano'nul de c re alra. De .renplu, mcnbdi und tibui rfricre nu conside'tca slc ncobi9nuir s, arzi voclc6nd de laprniDeninuvo$erb sru sd vczi .cva ciindtrtrexGt nimicacolo, dr rsemener compodrmee sud.con. sidcErc anotuale de cite najorirarea socier4ilor o alti pmbbna eft .ceea. modlficrrii iI iimp r concepiurtri de amnnalil.lein cadrulaceleir:isocietiti. Acun 30de xri. najorirlrco imriclnild conside(u c. nLmrul tunjuanei sru aparit,a oprorpc eol pe plojt sur! .onponamcnls monnare. Aniz . acene componan'eite tiM si fic vizur. mri dcgnb, ca n'$recomponenre Je $ilului de virFdecit schnclcunci morhaliriti Prh umare. ideilc dc Nmalitarc !i anomLirde diferi dc la o sochhtc la slli si 0 lu08ul timptrluiin cadnl 'le acclci.ti so.ierrti orice denriiie a DormLiitlLir.bu c si fic c.va maicon plexi decdt nivelul dc blelegcEsocirli i'rd:p1al,dnci d arccfcdcrdvc6. xnL l)ra i'divnluLL,iMu r!]ptu soculiil Utrcl. ripuri de lo'njrotumenrd{\i,,i: (r: i'r{(tutuMi uu btriiimer individtrtu tifubai poalc si ribi o lca ri diir Cj puleni.i de nullime.nKil si ftr pod: nqgc cr !(obuztrl la nunciiitrD rlcoolir .nrc coin'mi ladiril debrdfir: 'nal de nuNi: i s:i-I pi$re- o Poare taDrcic carcntqc!rcisi sesirucidil)Ah; roarc dc compodncnt dcvi!fl !!:: (ur adoLcscctrt nocLve socieGlii s,. ::: :1 ,Frplozii violent dc aercsivitaEr individDa'anoc.arcCuic h.olc tri: Drea uei fieu.i publice). Da.d u! Licriteiiu iratlaptnri c acsr! coi,pr__ ,lo r renre vor h considerlc marc ano DTSCONFORTULPERSON.IL. C: de rlpatdeacrirer u n.ntrl.a, xmrrl likt.ine me n i f in i s u b ie c in e a n n -

indivizilor diagnonicali cr o lrlbr.:.

i'iaabll. F. i!:: aniori. dep.i'nali sr! rgirati. irr mL:: suldi de iNoirie, rprlie su i: numercNedurci Uncdi. dsconLr pe(oml pdle fi sinsutulsnnpbm j: !normalirarci componancmul indnid,:: Nici sna dinre a.cic definitii r,
mmpl di * l !:

c omc a conpona,ncrrului mom!]. :: m,lorirdo caDrild. ror. ..1. prl_ CO}TPORT IIf,NfUL INADAII. criterii frecvenlandinica. d:\itri:: T A1,ii loculdcfini icompoiamentului sociala, componaciiul ifadlpur :i j ! ,roi,nil ii rcnnenii delirntei de La conlonulpeisoDrl Nnnch narisri.!sausociehle, trmerot dcrxo l! dirgnoiicrnr mornL:jj: odrtii dc ttii,r{i diD doneniL'lsocirl ftcd .li .cl h. impodanr direriu ele Cestenormalitatea: inodulnr .rru .ompodamenrul rfecrerzi btrrislrruJ iidnnlLLLLi sau r EtrpulLLi Norrulnrkr ene chil mri rLi,:: :. smLaL rn cotrfo' ihrc cu &cn c un'. dcntri( dccir anorm.lirlc!. dn : coDpotumcntul 6rc dronndld.ci cl csc riralea p!iholoEilor

12r
trm oarclc cnlnrli i'dici bunfua@ dtrotionali Accnc crracbrhiici nu fac dtrli"clii precis.nrru sin a{can. fi )i ilccliNea nrrllLiir mli dcgmbilcle rePrczinli risintri p! care le pdcdit P{$ananomrh nnr{ nasud nai hir. d.cir indiyidul cn cnc diasno$icd cr l. re,c.plia .Ji.itrni a rcaltaii. hdiri zii ndrmal snn rcrl\ri tu cuh'ueo 5. propiilor lc&tii, .ap..iriii t i:, inrerprcbrea a cs. ce s inri'ntll in jurul ruma din ror. Ei nu pcrup gEJnce!.e frc su rpunaltii.rtrJi sutra.vdlu.d,iibili(atilcti tru i,,t'c oacin c I)ccarenu o lor iftl{, DdDd plini, fr'.ti s!6estinc.zj ihli. 'ici tilile- feriiduicdd smini dificih. I O,n@rrsr.d./. rtr. Pe6un.t him adlpbte su con$rienre dc t'rop ilc noiive ri $dimcnre. Dci ni'nctri dinte noi truSi poale hlclegc pc dcpin $nilc s coD,pondnciLrl. perornelefomule au ocdnrliirlil d. snenai boglrt d.cii cci dirlnoii..ti s sinr !.cdprdi dc cci din jur. Sc si'nl binc cu alrc peBmnc ti surr cap$ili sn rcallionezespotrh in snual sdcirlc I', rccla$iliD). !i ru 5c simrobLitlli sa.ti puni opiniilcin confsmir.r. cu cele rlc !rupJtri. scnrift lh d. non vrl.irc, rla.nra i lipsi n.cccFiii sud pruvalenr.la i'diviTii clre au tos di.sroiicati ca

,4bilitat(u lt a .w4 trk\ii t[.diye. ln d lv iz iin o n n almrc li rp d rilis ilib t Elatii idne t &risfic dr. ctr rlte pe6Gm. Di sum s.nribili h scn trrc{clc ilrom 9i nu ccr pru nulr penrrur:i sarisfaca icvoilo pc6o psnoanel-" ulc Dcscori, cu rulbri'i nenrale su'r diir dc pruocupdc de asiSrnrc!popiei buririti, incir ele devin cxr.m de eg&cmrii.. Iiind p*ocupd. dc propnih rriri si dc lupra.u sirc, ele suri afcc(irtre, dr n'nt i"c{Dob,Le dc a rirlnmd! pc misuri. Utrcori,ae*e pc$ooDe sc rem dc inlinirde, pentu ci rulitiiLc anrcneru!u fd dishcrn! Ormnii binc rdaF \ Abitnd!4.b a .vt.ik tr @(tot to- 6. Pa,tuti.itdtcn uti sunr.npabili si-ri .onli7ca hntat nnptd ..nrodan nfilri. ltt prodrdvc, Lc abiliritilc itr ldlviriti dirizii mnnili sutrt incrc;tori ir phcc vi'!n ri DUhc u slon sDecial abiliritilc lor dc a-ri corbolr penh ErolvrEr p'oblcmdor exncompomneitul Ocazional, acstri. p.r rclionai'nprlsir,dn suntcaplbili rcnliilc. bsenticonici dc .trcrgicri su$epribilibEa ex.esn; h obNali si.Ti inhinczc kndinrcle rxu.lc ri sum d.seori simpromle a(uici .ind ene Ncs . uncir.nsiutri 4resiv. Acerria por $a ru s. cotrfoirncz. psihologicc rlzulrac din problunele Domclor$.iilq irEi dccizirlor dr ! rolrm' I'om a$fc c{c maideerabll Un s.mid dc lr.diare cnc bin. rad si nu ru7uLrllul unor inpul*ri venitinainhdur rEc deplnc.E{. 'nri obNun p.rru + rtP.i.rc( sdenlii .rrc rtrJir, .t! l'c^omele binc ld!fllr. ru un trnuD,ir psihologir plrologi.a sii ob$nc 'nr Dlveldcaprecicrc 3 pNprci v. or s i'n,ii$mNlc trNi trLlbursri frc[]ir l..i

122
iiti!]. pre n nudeDrii mdicii tri coi side$ ci suLl. dc n..rc no i bonLii despre crre xn .irtr.M!joirdc. ,lin@ no on arn cilreodari Dcle s prome,pe i', cofilumc. iar niMrilc dc cdn,ponamefl, ti aD.i si ciuh'n I ehc ns!:,i .sdnniliLorrc alc pe6oanclo.. o cricl,da dire,o{., di posibilirllc. cclor .R nrcre-ii ( indivizibohrri si contrnicc nnnn.rix m.r (pnL5i inri conci\ Dirsnoni.uL d. lon necijn dc Edtrdn hrtbtrdromc cala s.liialrcnic i'iici de$tr|de putiDdcs mai nrull li,np. va reb"i sr d squli cu prc .onpora'nefrrl peisorrei curoxt c'nell dcsprc r.e$ea pmbrbir cu tcrc! lopo uicli si'nplornch trmiindnid c i n e v r d in scfl i ci uld econsilierealrcoiii cu clc alc ahor di" se'viciul dc p..icdli (rl ciro. aiumir .uG su careru bcncfi.irrdc un arumir rip de bdaEd), c$c, ,l! sc Clasifi car.a coDrportamntului Dcnc!.dc.j!ror lr nrbilner modnruid. Tolurl, rpxr ri dcavrnbic dll pe'nneD o lrDi laq:, de compo a'neic au m o cri.lrcrildii9roeicii \iL fo$ cllsin.lLe ca aronale. Uncle rliinr preann'lr iri brlaria. Ericlrchfrl co'Ipo,hNnle aiorhah rsr rcde t dir cvenimente 3h fieciill .az ti si i. inopriim .. peaorra si r cotrbrnca casifi.iiri $snG Pmticulare. ii rimp ce ltLe ptrtenpicrd.din vcdci! rr nLntnoD,c.{idurcazi roali viab. unele Dc ase'nenea. coinponancnt moflnak rc7u|la ii,,!dirltso o diclidi plsd !'nnonaD.drulLLi boalasru lcziun! a ristnuiui nenos e\phcalie 3 ac.L! coD,port neiti cLasificli..nu n! sp!n. Ddczi'abile slu alc erpflienrelord. om a uar nanercacst compomnr invilare defeduoasc.Dcseori, acelri l$loii se $errpfn r inc'?qloieaTi CLasficarea iulbulir or in!nLrle ulih comp.nNcrhil frecirei persoane!i zdi de cei n,ri Dn'lti diric sll.cilLiiril ptublemeLe sxLe e,notLoralc sur trnice; di N.rsri lad $lc Mr}tnhl Nnn. trucrlni doi ndivizitu Llm .rtc sa ic dias"ori.ll ri ltd i: rta , bnirhr nH; coDipo,lc iri x.cciJim.nier, \au sli ribi ;d/d.edtia r IJI r icvtiiti (Direm( r aoclcry e\perieDte ii viitii. Ctr 1dr{e rrd suisri.ul Mlnul of M.nhl Diif: rceser,cxnti srficienie DsIi lll R siDirirudi'ri dc d.6. 3- ednio.. 'erised car. .orcspunde in inrernaionalfo,N'l dc o'sLi /r., trrid.li d iinitirii or{.s Pi r:t ur snEn d. drrnure m rudatc prhle .{eBoii dc dirlioiic ! asla..i: de Ds\'l lll R sunr p'rTcibru n' L.Lr.i tfuide si dc7.!.tajc Drcli dileritele compo rmeu Nonnrt 16.LUrd ! d rt a c e let u lb l' r' \ r: diterne calue, lrLL pnom spcri ri h dcscoporn prI ll dtrcur&n' dckliu sprcnDrltrLk.r, sruprDo irdivTilor in funqie de ase

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lonkl. p. brr inorn s. pri. J r! r.irul DirgroiiNl ..i,dJr rr{rr uL lll rdi!id o!c d*tu1 J! rniahrir: li..rl pr$aDi sr 4r !.i. LLrpli ri|.id nflr lV DoNUrr.l r!. A{ J ituLLdr \r r .iri i ll ldrL Plr.ir/.. ruLh r. L rJ rq L f rf f i ii\ J rr !\!.rl hrrbtrrri ir.r Lrc cuy{rf LIc jir Jr!c\!r uti Pdlrk nrbn.) h l b u i , i L tn nc Lt^o lrr. (iui r li \: F\i, r! rr ! o h rlii i x d r rlir i: \uL r.obun.L! de rcr n rf t lio in e r p . ' n n ] . I nhri). .rc sc i'rad.!,. ;r A\3 lr i s r s L ' r , fr u/d4 r tr LLbLrtrt.' d. tLLrgi drdi vr li Ldi n olnL. e rrutr. (u btrflr.r t,!/o{ii Dr .ilid Dliilnn e\cn'rr( . tnsorl crfc ,n pr.7rr r!c Jcj,urddlii fizi. dr h.[ifil i ]l brl 1\. r .! . /L L d. r bn li dc r en .r .r lelL! r,o!c ri i , . N r n i . rI r i ^ o lir . 1 L "ili. .r | \r li P rc
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dasificrre, insi prircipa rl codi vom era,ni,r rtrrburfuite rmiorse. rul 'noriv tr prcciziadiagnoei.ului. Ambele cr budrik dc diqiozitic.schizofrniari o r+orii cr:tr gcncrrle si include uD tulbunrc dc peronalibtcdc utr rnumn nctrhlc ou puli[c rip. AhoolGtrul 5i depcndcnt. do drog ln'proDe ln cor$cinti, (ambeLe chs iica@ca lulbri.i daiomle 'liftrc{iat uztrl!i de s$$aili psihorcti!i) nnr 0lhirrii tru .ad roderna dc r.od supra unu, o'4non'c penrn un cu dchli.b lr .aoilohL 6 PeNomliutea nullipli, o iuLbrrre dhociatiri. src dc f*d.dlrr. DSMlIlL jnccrci si i,l,u ner$i consc'sulDrir 8rupar.orulbfii- asmeDca dis a(i n, crpnolur6. 'iabeLtrr62 rc md:i probabiliblca riLorin lunctiede sinptomclc .onpor b'ncnhlc spc.lfica, fid rclcftc h aprr(iei mor!ulbuiiri mertu1e mrjorein oriSins lor stu taramnt hnenllacnc ii'nprl vielii. Srudiul pe car se by,"azt dc a desrie ce ,rsz/,, cliniclcnii l. a.e$ ldbel a descopcrL ca 0lbrirllc indiviziicu pbblomepsihdiosica nar o sDt muk mri coDum la ciie sa asigu.e o.onuiica'e 'nenule pcsoancle subvirdrdc 45 rni, fii'd mri 'nodalilatc ppcisi inrc spccialisiii pe p,obrerne de frc.vcnrc la lemei decer h bfubott. sririhr mentalr. Asitct, DsM-lIt.R Toruri, bi.batii sunt de doui ori inai includcmri muhe caregorii predispuri conprdiv abuztrlri dc dNgui$ dc cinci cu cd lilc trcccde e ile acc$uim:nu:|. oi abuurui de rrcmL compnliv cu Tulbul.ilc cmc inaimc * clasificrie tan'eile TulburirilcptrsoDalildlii dc rip .a neqoze (deorrcc se consideEr fi atrtisocial atetazi nft o p,opo4ic dc tuodaLi{itide contrel al conflicrclor 4 oriinaimult pe bi$riidecat pe fcn.i, inle'n.) smr prczcnrr(c in DSMlllR da. Dai mulle fcnci sufe,i de tulburiri srb lorma r kei catesorii disri,icie ale dispoT(iei lfcdive sau de tulburai rLlbtrdriledrioasej lulburirik soDalo tome :i tulburirile disocidive. Dcsi psihoz. nu mai tprczinli o Trhdurr6.2.Ri, DrcvNrc!t.i rurbudriror $h.b& de.. rtrisd viclii, , &ra,r,f' slr caresorie n,qor6.DsM llt,R rsuunoalre paprlltit enhJttt te htiLi arr stdct, ftp.ul ca oan.nii diaglros cali ctr lchizofrerie,itr1btr6rid.rn.trr, uidc rulbtriliri ale disp.zilieialccive i rfu pae,lqj( Ae!. ar m ie lulburiri mcnhh oqdni.e prczi'tt un conporbment psthoric l. o iiuniri Jirza a bolii. Gtrdirta ri perceptia rcr l h .IdqcP | i rci N k lirilii s!trt puehh afcdar. irr acene p{soare potrvcaI'rlu.i".tii {expe' ienlc s.rzorialc f!hc, de exemplu trLd vo.isau au vederi c udrie) si6au ddnmi (f.lss crdi'\c, cun a. fi coividgdeact lone sinduirc sn conror'te d. o rii,tl]i aiolpulcrnici depr o rhi PLafdi). .rarc lF misuri .c Privin D,i dcN I mcle lulburiri medr.h d,umeratei', rlbdtrl L6.l in linalul xce$ui capiroL.

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