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    This dictionary contains the following types of information with each of its entries: ( 1) The traditional Thai spelling as shown in the official Thai monolingual dictionary (the Thai Ministry of Education, Bangkok, 1950). (2) A carefully worked out phonemic transcription using Roman letters. (3) An abbreviation designating the word class, where pertinent.

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    This dictionary contains the following types of information with each of its entries: ( 1) The traditional Thai spelling as shown in the official Thai monolingual dictionary (the Thai Ministry of Education, Bangkok, 1950). (2) A carefully worked out phonemic transcription using Roman letters. (3) An abbreviation designating the word class, where pertinent.

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    8K visualizações667 páginas

    Thai-English Student's Dictionary

    Enviado por

    bjw19000
    This dictionary contains the following types of information with each of its entries: ( 1) The traditional Thai spelling as shown in the official Thai monolingual dictionary (the Thai Ministry of Education, Bangkok, 1950). (2) A carefully worked out phonemic transcription using Roman letters. (3) An abbreviation designating the word class, where pertinent.

    Direitos autorais:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Baixe no formato PDF, TXT ou leia online no Scribd
    Sinalizar o conteúdo como inadequado
    de 667

    THAI-ENGLISH STUDENT'S DICTIONARY

    THAI-ENGLISH STUDENT)S DICTIONARY


    Compiled by
    MARY R. f--IAAS

    'With the assistance of yeorge 'V. yrekoff Ruchira C. Jvtendiones 'Waiwit Buddhari Joseph R. Cooke Soren C. Egerod

    STANFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS


    STAN FORD, CALIFORNIA

    1964

    This work was developed pursuant to a contract between the 'United States Office of Education and the 'University of California, Berkeley, and is published with permission of the 'United States Office of Education.

    Stanford University Press Stanford, California Copyright 1964 by Mary R. Haas All rights reserved Lihary of Congress Catalog Card Number: 64-13354 Printed in the United States of America First published February 1964 Second printing, September 1964

    PREFACE
    The principal aim of this dictionary is to provide a convenient reference work for the English-speaking student of Thai. Existing Thai-English dictionaries--at least those prepared within the last two decades--are invariably geared to meet the needs of the Thai-speaking student of English, since that is the market they are intended to reach. But such dictionaries fail in certain crucial respects to satisfy the legitimate needs of the American student. In particular it has been noticed that: (1} They fail to provide a scientifically accurate and up-to-date guide to the pronunciation of Thai words. (2) They neglect to distinguish important levels of usage, e.g., vulgar, common, elegant, colloquial, literary, etc., which are well known to Thai speakers but are impossible for the culturally-unoriented American student to figure out. (3) They lack many important idioms, compounds, and other specialized combinations of words. (4) Examples, when given, are more likely to be chosen to clarify the peculiarities of English than those of Thai. The present dictionary contains the following types of information with each of its entries: ( 1) The traditional Thai spelling as shown in the official Thai monolingual dictionary (the Thai :Ministry of Education, Bangkok, 1950). (2) A carefully worked out phonemic transcription using Roman letters. (3) An abbreviation designating the word class, where pertinent. (4) The level of usage, both social and technical, where pertinent. (5) The English definition or equivalent. (6) Many synonyms and antonyms. (7) Examples showing a variety of uses, when the definition alone is insufficient. The dictionary also contains some special kinds of entries which are missing from many dictionaries. Among these are: (1) Most of the common place names of Thailand, including abbreviated and colloquial (but not dialectal} place names and also most of the common foreign place names likely to be found in newspapers. (2) Common abbreviations of titles, organizations, dates, and the like that are frequently encountered in newspapers. Although this dictionary has been prepared especially to meet the needs of the American student who wishes to read Thai newspapers and other Thai source materials, the Thai student of English will also find much useful information in this dictionary. The reason for this is that we have tried very hard to find the best and most natural English translation for as many words as possible. The numerous subentries and examples will also often be of interest to the Thai student as well as the American student. The Thai-English Student's Dictionary is one of two dictionaries being compiled at present by those engaged in work on the Thai Dictionary Project. The other, larger dictionary will be entitled Modem Thai- English Dictionary. Materials for the master file have been gleaned from the context of modem periodicals, newspapers, government reports, and advanced textbooks on literature, history, and the sciences. Idiomatic and colloquial usages have been collected

    Preface

    vi

    from novels and short stories and from examples supplied by educated native speakers. The Student's Dictionary contains selected items from the master file. Particular attention has been paid to items likely to be found in standard prose source materials, including the daily newspapers. The foundations of analysis and description of Thai that are needed for the compilation of a dictionary were worked out by the editor during the course of many years of research. The special needs of American students have become familiar through several years (1947-60) of teaching Thai in the Department of Oriental Languages, University of California, Berkeley. Since 1953 teaching duties have been primarily devoted to courses in general linguistics in the Department of Linguistics, but from time to time Thai has been used as a demonstration language in a field methods course. In 1956-57 the problems of intonation at terminal points and of stress within the rhythm group were given special emphasi\' in such a course. All of the assistants aided materially in the compilation of the Student's Dictionary, though mostly at different stages of the work and for differing periods of time. The responsibility of combing the master files to find the selections they considered important was assumed in succession, by Dr. Soren C. Egerod (now of the University of Copenhagen), Dr. Waiwit Buddhari (now of Chulalongkorn University), and Dr. Ruchira Chinnapongse Mendiones. Dr. Buddhari and Dr. Mendiones have also provided many illustrative examples and have served as models for the normal pronunciation or pronunciations shown in romanized phonemic transcription included with each entry. Dr. Mendiones has further served as consultant in regard to many definitions and has assisted in the overall editing. Mr. George V. Grekoff (now of the University of Washington) carried out instructions for maintaining overall consistency in editing and for the cross checking of references, in so far as there was time for this. He also cooperated in working out details of format and layout and undertook the first proofreading as the offset typing proceeded up to August, 1962. Since then the cross checking and proofreading have been done by Mr. Joseph R. Cooke. The writing of all of the front matter, many grammatical comments, notes, and definitions,and finally another over.all proofreading fell to the editor. The extensive master file could not have been accumulated without the assistance of a great many educated speakers of Thai. In particular we wish to express our indebtedness to the following: Miss Boonchom Chaikosi, Mr. Banvech Chantrasmi, Dr. Vichien Diloksambandh, Dr. Phaitoon Ingkasuwan, Mr. Niphon Kantasewi, M. R. W. Sobhak Kasemsanta, Miss Pensri Kiangsiri, Miss Punnee Kiangsi:ri, Mr. Ratana Oonyawongse, Dr. Kaw Swasdi Panish, Mr. Chamnan Pradithavanis, Mr. Somprasongk Prathnadi, Mr. Suchat Pusavat, Miss Krisna Tantranon, and Miss Charuwan Thirawat. A number of linguistics research assistants also assisted materially in the compilation of the master files, especially at all levels of the cross- referencing process, including the typing of phonetics and English onto slips and also in proofreading and filing the slips as they were typed. Those who helped in this capacity at different times are Dr. Roy A. Miller (now of Yale University), Dr. David DeCamp (now of the University of Texas), Dr. Karl V. Teeter (now of Harvard University), Dr. Wick R. Miller (now of the University of Utah), and Dr. Catherine A. Callaghan. Of especially great importance has been the excellent

    vii

    Preface

    work of two Thai typists, Mrs. Sarapee Oonyawongse, who typed many thousands of slips for the master file, and Mrs. Boonsiri Donom, who continued the typing of slips and also typed the prefinal manuscript and the offset copy for the present dictionary. The Thai Dictionary Project was begun in 1951 under the auspices of the Institute of East Asiatic Studies (since 1955 subsumed under the Institute of International Studies) of the l 1 niversity of California, Berkeley. Up until June 15, 1960, most of the funds for the support of this research came out of the research funds of the Institute. In 1956-57, and again in 1958-59, the American Council of Learned Societies provided two grants specifically earmarked for work on the Student's Dictionary. Since June 15, 1960, the continuing work on both dictionaries has been provided for under a government contract (U.S. Office of Education, Language Development, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare). An IBM Executive typewriter with Heritage type was especially selected to blend with the only available IBM Thai typewriter. The typewriters were purchased during the time the Project was being supported by the Institute. The editor and her assistants acknowledge the various kinds of financial aid and assistance from all of these quarters with deep gratitude. M.R.H. September, 1963. Berkeley, California.

    PREFACE TO THE SECOND PRINTING We have taken the occasion of the second printing to remove a few errors that have been discovered by us or brought to our attention by friends. The corrections cover the page

    references in the introductory sections as well as a few mistakes in cross reference, spelling, or transcription scattered throughout the volume. Owners of copies of the first printing are The only

    reminded that most of the corrections are minor or easily detectable by the user. exception is that

    niJ

    was misspelled everywhere as

    ngJ .

    This correction has been made

    on p. 2, col. I, 1. 36 and in the following subentries together with their cross references throughout the book.

    M. R. H.
    September, 1964. Berkeley, California.

    CONTENTS
    Dictionary Order of Vowel or Vowel+ Consonant Symbols Brief Description of Thai
    I.
    X

    xi
    xi
    XV XX

    Phonemes Derivation Syntax

    II. III.

    Some References on the Thai Language Explanatory Notes The Main Entry Subentries and Examples Transliteration List of Abbreviations and Labels THAI- ENGLISH DICTIONARY

    xxiii xxiv xxiv xxvii xxvii xxviii 1-638

    n
    "()

    k
    kh

    1 46 72 102 102 108 129 135 155 159 159 160 160 160 160 161

    blJ,
    ~

    n d t th th th n b p ph f ph f ph m
    j

    161 161 180 212 222 252 254 279 289 336 349 354 381 386 391 423

    r ry ryy 1 ly lyy w s s s h 1
    ?

    438 471 472 472 498 498 498 512 516 516 554 600 600 637

    6]

    A
    ~

    kh
    kh

    &1

    611
    61
    Jj

    bl

    ~
    ~

    :u
    c ch ch s ch
    j

    '11
    fi

    Jll
    'J

    !jl,

    'W

    v
    "i.i
    1Jj

    'IJ

    Fl
    ~

    LJ
    ~

    8
    Vi

    6\!
    ~ ~

    ~
    'V'J

    d t th th th

    1'1
    eJ

    ~
    Jl

    ..
    ~

    el

    'Y1
    liJ,J

    J.J

    tJ

    DICTIONARY ORDER OF VOWEL + CONSONANT SYMBOLS


    Symbol + no cons. Zero Zero Zero Symbol + cons. Value -a(?) Examples sinlapa?t, sinlapa8
    A~

    arts

    -o-

    khon' person b::>::>risadl company nakh::>::>n/ city bandaa/ all tham 1 dharma suan' garden kh:S::>I to ask for, 'IJ eJ
    ~

    'U r~Tl

    -s
    -n/
    -'l/

    -::>::>n -an

    ~1'1

    'U

    ~ S 1111 ~

    -a-ua

    li

    s:J..J

    f1 'l~

    -eJ

    Same -a(?)
    ~

    kh:S::>tJ' thing

    pa? 1 to patch, n ~::; 111 n kraduugl bone


    'II

    -I

    -a-ua

    wan' day hua' head


    maal to come, 'U 1~

    Same

    -aa
    -am

    Man' house

    tham' to do, make


    ~

    Same Same Same

    -i(?)
    -ii

    tl? I to criticize, sri/ color, Vl'U


    ty?l faintly,

    V!~

    hln' stone

    hlib' box thyu' to reach

    -y(?) -yy-yy

    D-1

    khyyn' night myy' hand


    'U

    Same Same
    b-

    -u(?)
    -uu -ee
    -e-

    bTl

    bu?l to line, duu' to look,

    ~-1
    ~fl

    thuu' sack, bag thuug' to be right phleeu' song

    111

    'II

    Same

    thee/ to pour, L'l"Hl-1 tern' to be full naajl butter thaa/ you


    j8? 1 a whole lot

    " L-/
    L-tJ
    L- eJ L-eJ::;
    L - ::; b- 1
    L- 1::;

    "' L ~:W
    b~tJ

    b aeJ
    btJeJ::;
    L ~::;

    te?' to kick raw' we kh;S? I to knock

    -aw

    b~ 1
    L1'11::;
    L ii\~

    daanl to walk mia' wife,


    l

    Same

    -ia -ia?

    ~ tJ ~ s Iau 1 sound
    d

    phla?l sound of a slap, bang sya' tiger,


    LV!~

    Same
    bb-

    -ya

    eJ tJ

    nyajl to be tired

    -ee - e-

    m~e' mother,

    wJ 111 peed' eight

    khtu' to be hard ph?/ goat

    bb- ::;

    11-::; 11-

    Same

    -oo

    tool to be big t6?1 table

    -aj -aj

    najl in
    pajl to go

    In arranging the order of words in a Thai dictionary consonants always take precedence over vowels. Symbols which are sometimes read as consonants, sometimes as vowels, are alphabetized as consonants. The chart above shows the dictionary order of all common symbols having a vowel or vowel +consonant reading. Any intervening initial or final consonant symbols will fall in their proper alphabetical order.

    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THAI


    The minimum words of the Thai language are predominately monosyllabic, but unanalyzable polysyllabic words also occur. Besides consonants and vowels, each syllable has one of five phonemically differentiated tones. Morphology is restricted to derivation since the language makes no use of inflection. In syntax the order of words is usually quite rigid though minor variations are occasionally permissible. Thai is like English in that the typical sentence contains subject, verb and object, in that order. But Thai attributive constructions differ from those of English in that the head must always precede the attribute. Additional features of Thai are described in the following paragraphs under the headings Phonemes, Derivation, and Syntax.
    I.

    PHONEMES Dental
    d

    CONSONANTS: Stops: Vd. Unasp. Vl. Unasp. Vl. Asp. Spirants: Sonorants: Vl. Unasp. Vd. Semivowels Vd. Nasals Vd. Lateral Vd. Trill or Retroflex

    Bilabial b pphfw m

    Palatal

    Velar
    -g

    Glottal

    t-

    c-

    k-

    th-

    ch-

    khh-

    sj
    n

    1-

    rExamples of Consonants

    '\J'W bin' to fly,

    ~'U slb' ten, ~'W din' earth, bVirl bed' mushroom,


    l111 tJ taaj' to die,
    ~ ~ ~

    'Wn

    n6g' bird.
    J

    l LJ

    pajl to go, full,

    "'

    ciu' to be true, O'W kin' to eat, e:J:W ?im' to be

    bbn ~ k?1

    sheep.
    'YW

    B-11'W pbaan' to pass,

    thajl Thai, V1 ~

    "'

    ch.iau' elephant,

    :J.J 1

    kh~a' to kill.

    "' "' "' 'l'l1 faa' sky, ~e:J sjy' to buy, Vl1 h~a' five.
    'Vi:W1
    m~a/

    dog, l111:W

    taam' to follow, 'W1 naa' field,

    1'W raan/ store,

    .:j

    'U

    uuu' snake,

    i.:j

    fau' to listen.

    ~ ~ litJ' monkey, 'U ~

    "'

    n1u' to know.
    b ~'IJ.

    Rare Anglicized finals:

    ?ech' (the letter) H, lens' lens (also len'),

    b ~V'l. ?e 1 F,
    9

    eJ e:JV'l'W Fl ?:)fffs 1

    office

    (also ?:)fffd'), b6i'W'tl VOWELS:

    V'llll'Ue:J6161 fudb:):)}/ football (also fudb:)n 1 ).

    Front Central Unrounded High Mid Low i, ii, ia e, ee


    c,, E.E.

    Back Rounded u, uu, ua


    0, 00
    :), JJ

    y, yy, ya a, aa a, aa

    Brief Description of Thai

    xii

    Examples of Vowels
    ~

    fil

    tl?l to criticize, sl'W

    lfnl tongue,

    QJ

    J.J

    mii/ to have; there is,

    J.Jfil mtidl knife,

    I, i:HJ

    lial

    to lick,
    l,[il::;

    6 ~ll ~ 661'W

    sia:u' sound, (vocal) noise, tone (of the spoken language).


    l~n'

    te?' to kick, ph[? I

    to play,
    &

    611 thee' to pour out,


    bbJ.j

    6Vlfil heed' 9 U'Vj


    ~

    reason.

    U'Vj::;
    d

    "' goat, 66 'IH

    kht:u' to be hard, nyu'

    fl~

    khry?l to be old- fashioned, Vl'W ~

    mte' "' one, J.Jel

    mother,

    phee:u' to be expensive.
    v

    "'l'W phyyn' floor, myy' hand, V'


    I

    l,~el sya'

    tiger,
    6lJeJ::;

    6iJ eH

    mya:u' town.
    I,

    j~?/ to be a whole lot,


    butter.

    ~'W

    :u~m'

    silver, money,
    ..,

    b"del

    s~8'

    to be foolish, b'Wll

    fl::;

    kh~'

    yes! (w.sp.),

    LJ::; pa?/ topatch,

    'Vjfil phad' toblow,

    J.J1 maa' tocome,

    Vl611'W

    Iaan' grandchild, niece, nephew.


    fil
    9

    du?l to be fierce,

    Vl~
    9

    "-'

    hu:u' to cook (rice), VlJ.J 'II

    muu' pig,

    '1.1

    'II

    fil

    khuud' to scrape,

    Vl'J hua'

    ..,
    Lfil::;
    b'Vj S" 1::;

    head,

    fl 'J

    S"

    khuan' ought to .
    LVl61 lao' dozen, L61fl le>og' world.
    I

    t6?/ table,

    elfil ?od' to starve,


    s~:u'

    phd?/ because, ~ eJ ~

    to shine, Vlel h~:::>' package, ~ eJ ~

    s:S:::>:u' two.

    TONES (in nonterminal position).

    j
    Middle

    _j
    Low Falling High Rising
    v ).

    NOTE: The middle tone is shown by no mark, the low tone by (' ), the falling tone by ( "), the high tone by ( '), and the rising tone by ( Thai grammarians call the middle tone the "common"

    tone and refer to the low, falling, high, and rising tones as the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th tones respectively. This is in reference to the tones as sounds, not as written symbols.

    Examples of tones
    'W 'l

    naa' field,

    'W eJ liVl'W 'l n:S:::>jnaa' custard apple, Vl'W 'l Vl'W 1 naa' to be thick. bV'l 6dS"

    n~a'

    face,

    'W 1 naa' maternal uncle

    or aunt (yg.),

    "' bB-Ifil

    phed' to be hot (peppery), be much. Rare:


    chfch~V

    phed' diamond, VlJ.J1fl

    maag' areca, J.J'lfl

    m~ag'

    to

    b blel::: th8?/ [sic] imperative particle,

    ~::; kh~'

    yes (w. sp.), iJ'1J'::;

    interjection of contempt.

    EMPHATIC TONES. Any of the five tones can be accompanied by the phoneme of emphasis. This is indicated by placing an exclamation point (!) in front of the syllable receiving this treatment. Such tones are uttered at a higher pitch level than their corresponding normal tones and also have a somewhat "screechy" quality. They occur in exclamatory utterances. A high emphatic tone may replace any one of the five normal tones in emphatic repetitive expressions.

    xiii

    Brief Description of Thai

    Examples of Emphatic Tones


    li1l

    'U

    lt.l1711t.l
    9

    !?ujtaaj/~ exclamation expressing dismay,


    ~t.l

    'tf'Jt.IWHJ chOaj!dOaj/~ Help! (an urgent


    q...

    call), sions:

    , :J

    !thuj/ imitative of a sound uttered to spurn someone. Emphatic repetitive exprese;,J

    lillil

    !dfidiil Verygood!
    A

    :iel'W"] !d;:md:m'

    Frightfullyhot!
    'U
    <;;

    t.J1nt.J1n

    !jaagj~ag'

    IV

    Terriblydifficult!

    Jd-JJd-J !?fm?lm' Awfullyfull!

    lfld-JlFld-J

    !khemkhem' Terriblysalty!

    STRESS. This is marked by a heavy acute (I ) placed after any syllable which is uttered with full strength. All unmarked syllables are "reduced" in strength, i.e. are considerably shortened and weakened. The stress is not necessarily always placed on the same syllable. Sometimes the difference is simply a matter of free variation (or individual variation) but at other times it implies a different connotation for the phrase. Each rhythm group has at least one stressed syllable. There is no spacing between the syllables of a single rhythm group, but when more than two stressed syllables occur within a rhythm group, a hyphen is used to indicate a slightly lesser amount of cohesion. Examples of Stress
    Jl1"el-1 phaasaa' language; 'W1'J
    "' llq d
    c}'

    naa'wiil navy;

    d-Jiil

    m~jdiil

    not good, bad; t,:Welfl'W'W

    Ci

    khyyn'nfil last night; 51:::; l i.J'U 1'W capajMan' will go home; March; sanaa'

    "'

    t, ~ eJ'W:iJ'W 1 Ad-J

    dyanmiinaa'khom'
    'IJ

    l~ l ~'Wiil'J t, ~'W11l'W m.1jpentua'penton' to be unformed, amorphous; ;L~"el-111,1 advertiser; l n 6i 17111 n 6i 19 klaj/taa'- klajl caj/ out of sight, out of mind.

    phOukMo:::

    't11'JI.J1'W:i1'W1716i11il chaawMan'-raan'talaad' the whole neighborhood.

    TERMINALS. There are three terminal markers to indicate the intonation of a phrase or sentence: the raised high in which the whole utterance is raised in pitch ( t ), the sustained in which there is little if any drop in pitch before pause (- ), and the falling or dropping intonation ( ~ ). These markers are rarely needed in a dictionary since complete utterances are entered only in the case of a few fixed phrases or in the illustrative material needed for some of the entries. Examples of Terminals
    ~

    ):::;

    t.l -1 lJ-Jlt.J1 H l HJ'W t, :i

    ):::;

    !?e 1 -+ ja:uma.jpaj/roourian'r8t

    Haven't (you) gone to school yet?

    Fllt.151'Wll6i'J9'W:iJiil kh:l;,j/-conleew'corir~bd 1 -+ (We) waited and waited (but he didn't come). l :i 151:::; l

    "' llil "' t.Jl Vl'Wn

    rawcapajnil.j'k~d~aj/ ~ We can go anywhere we like.


    Permitted Initials

    Every syllable must begin in a consonant, but not more than two consonants are permitted here. All single consonants shown in the chart on pag~ xi with the exception of/-g/ may occur in initial position. Initial clusters begin in /p, t, k, ph, th, kh/ followed by /1, r, w /, but /t, th/ are followed only by /r/ and /w/ follows only /k, kh/. CONSONANT CLUSTERS: p t k kl tr kr kw ph phl phr thr
    ---r--------------------~----------------

    th

    kh

    1
    r

    pl pr

    khl khr khw

    Brief Description of Thai

    xiv

    Examples of Consonant Clusters i.J61 1 plaa' fish, lli.J H

    n611 ~

    klaau' middle,
    ~ ~

    l YHH

    phleeu' song, A61 eH

    khb;:,:o' canal.

    preeu' brush, l'l

    trou' to be straight, Fl
    'IJ

    n ~ ~ krou' cage, '\f'j ~ :J.J phrom' rug,

    "" rib]"&~

    thrfsadiil theory,

    khruu' teacher. The

    ltrl cluster is relatively rare; lthrl is

    extremely rare, perhaps limited to the example quoted.


    Wd1 kwaa'

    (more) than,

    'tJ 'd 1'W

    khwaan' ax. Permitted Finals

    The term "final" is used here in a special sense meaning the vowel plus the tone plus the final consonant if any. In other words it includes everything except the initial consonant or consonant cluster. Thai permitted finals are divided into two main types, (1) smooth and (2) stopped or abrupt, as described below. TYPE I. SMOOTH FINALS (ON ALL FIVE TONES)
    1. Doubled vowel or vowel cluster.

    2. Short vowel, doubled vowel or vowel cluster+

    lm,

    n,

    ul.

    3. Short front vowel, doubled front vowel or /ial + 4. Short back vowel, doubled back vowel or lual +

    lw/. lj/. Also lyal + ljl and very rarely lyl or

    /yyl + lj/.
    5. Mid and low central vowels

    18,

    88, a, aal +

    ljl or lw/.

    TYPE II. STOPPED OR SHORT FINALS (ON LOW, FALLING, HIGH, AND MID TONES) 6. Short vowel+

    lb, d, g, ? I on low or high tone, rarely falling tone. Very rarely short vowel

    + I? I

    on mid tone. Occasionally short vowel on high or falling tone; or frequently on

    mid tone except before pause. 7. Doubled vowel or vowel cluster+

    lb, d, gl on low or falling tone. Very rarely on high tone.

    8. Vowel cluster+ j? I on low or high tone, but this is extremely rare. Examples of Permitted Finals
    1.

    mii' to have,
    ""

    l ri thee' to pour out,


    d

    66:J.J

    m~e'
    'IJ

    mother,

    ~eJ

    syy' to buy, loa' dozen, '\f'j eJ ph~;:, I

    to be foolish, t:.J 1 phaa' to cut, slice, father, 2. l:J.Jll mia' wife,


    &-'

    Vl:J.J muu' pig,


    ....,

    1Vl61
    ~

    l:J.JeJ m1a' when, t:.J'd

    phua' husband. lou' to descend.

    ~:W;

    phim' to print, t. ~'W Fl:J.J


    d
    ~

    hen' to see,
    d

    ~~

    s1:o' which, 61
    'tJ eJ ~ kh:'bu'
    Gl'd~

    khiim 1 tongs, '\f'j'W phyyn' floor, jtam' to visit,

    thing. luau' to deceive.


    bffll d

    lllli:J.J 3.

    l'V'jeJ'W ph1an' friend,

    vn

    hiw 1 to be hungry, l ~ d rew' to be fast, l61 d leew' to be bad,


    khuj' tochat, Llilll dooj' by, nyajl to be tired. Rare:
    J-'

    lfaw' to turn. t.Vl'WeJtJ


    d

    4. Flll 9

    FleJtJkh::J::Jj' towait, 5i'Jll


    &-'

    suaj' tobepretty,

    elll , elll !hyj', !h']yj' not so!


    ild8j' butter,

    5.

    l~lLJl~t.i.JtJ
    go fast!

    ma.jpaj'ma.jp8j' won'tgo, t.'WlJ


    d '

    lLJt.hli.Jt.~eJ'd

    pajrew'pajr8w'

    l i.J l rill 'd l i.J l Tl eJ 'J pajthtaw'pajtM8w' to go around.


    ~

    l ~ 1 raw' we,

    1 'J raaw' about,

    l 'Vl611

    Hlw' liquor,

    Vl'W 1 'd naaw' to be cold,

    151 saj' to be clear, 51 1LJ

    saaj' line.

    XV

    Brief Description of Thai


    <0

    6. 'tJ'U

    "-'

    khab' to drive,
    ..,

    diamond; fJ n Rare:
    ~

    A'U kha.b' to be tight; 6 fJ IJl phed' to be hot (peppery); 6'\11'/l~ phed' .., pha.g' greens, '\11\l phag' to rest; 6btl;;; k'E.?I sheep, bb'\11::: ph[? I goat.

    "-'

    '1 n dig' co 11 o q. (rain) to fall.

    Very rare: 6 bleJ::::

    thd?/ imperative particle.


    fl;;; kM' yes!

    Short vowel without final stop: V'/l;;; (w. sp. ),


    I

    chfcha' interjection of contempt,

    'W n 61 phtkon' to be strange, peculiar, 6i ~~


    tdaprath~ed'
    9
    ~

    sathl tJ.?' statistics, 1 'W fi 16"1 lil ~

    wanasaad' forestry, 661il61::::'\J~:::: b'flA


    "'f'U 7. 'V

    every single country.


    ph~ed'

    hlib' box,
    ~

    61'U lOub' to stroke; 6'\!flil


    ~

    heed' reason, 6'Vlfi

    sex;

    'Vfd-J1tl maag'

    areca (nut),
    Q...l

    J.J1n
    :!::;
    ~

    m~ag' tobemuch. Rare: L'WIJl n6od' note[f.Eng.]


    phua?phla?l, phua?phfa?l imit. of the sound of beating, slap"'

    8. Rare: fJ1;;; bf-Jt.J::::, '\111;::: L'\11t.J;;; ping, cracking,

    lil1J.JL~t.J;;; taamdla?l to follow closely, b~t.J::::


    II. DERIVATION

    cfa?l slang

    to eat.

    The derivational processes used are compounding and reduplication, the former affecting verbs and nouns, the latter affecting verbs and imitative words. Compounding Common types of compounding resulting in verbs are listed and illustrated below: 1. Verb + noun: VERB
    ~ ~

    b 'IJ 11 '1
    ~
    ~

    kh~wcaj' to understand: b 'IJ 1 to enter + 1 '1 heart, spirit, mind.

    ~1 '1 diicaj' to be glad (to be heart-good):


    v

    ~ to be good + 1 '1
    ~

    lil -11 '1 t~ncaj' to intend (to be heart- set): lil -1

    to set, place +
    :1:0 ..,

    1'1

    lil ~ 'Vf'W 1 t~nn~a 1 co 11 o q. to be determined, intent: lil

    + 'Vi'W 1

    face.

    2. Noun + verb: VERB


    1 '1 ~ cajdii/ to be good-natured (good- hearted) 1 '1 1'1

    + @1. to be cool.

    b~'W cajjen' to be patient, c0ol-headed:


    v

    1'1
    v

    + b~'W
    v

    1 '1 n 11-1 cajkw~an' to be generous: 1 '1 + n 11 'l 1 '1 ~ eJ'W caj r:S::m' to be impatient, hot- headed:
    'Vf
    ~

    to be wide. to be hot.
    6'U 1 to be light (in weight).
    0

    1 '1 + ~ eJ'W
    'Vf
    ~

    6'U 1 huubaw' to be credulous (light-eared):

    ear +
    1 '1 + b'U 1
    Q..l

    1 '1 b'U 1 cajbaw' to be gullible (light-minded):


    Q..J

    c:;"

    G>

    'Vi166'/J'l huakhn' to be obstinate, hard-headed:

    'Vf1 head+

    bb'IJ'l to be hard.

    '\J 1 n 'Vf11'W paagwaan' to be suave, smooth-tongued: '\J 1 n

    mouth + 'Vf11'W

    to be sweet.
    o

    A eJ'Vi11'W khJJwaan' to have a sweet tooth (be sweet-necked):

    Fl eJ neck + 'Vf11'W

    3. Verb + verb (coordinate compound): VERB


    'Vf~
    9

    lild-J huutam' to cook (general term): 'Vi'l


    9

    to cook (rice) + lild-J to be pretty + 'l1 J.J


    I

    to be boil (food).

    6i 1 tJ 'l1 J.J siiajnaam' to be beautiful: L'\J 6W'W 6b'\J 6H pllanpleen' to alter:


    I

    6i 1 tJ
    d

    to be beautiful.

    b'\J 61 t.l'W to change +


    ~

    bb'\J 61 ~ to change, transform.

    'tJ'W6i 'l khonson' to transport: "'J'W b'\J :l tJ 1'Vi11'W prtawwaan' liliJllil-1 tldt~n' to install:
    A

    to carry back and forth + 6i -1


    ~

    to send.

    to be sweet and sour: b'\J ~ tJ 1 to be sour+ 'Vf11'W to be sweet.


    lilA to connect, stick (to)+
    A

    lil-1 to set, place.

    Brief Description of Thai

    xvi

    Important types of compounding resulting in nouns include the following;


    1. Noun + verb (head + attribute): NOUN
    6

    UeJ -:j n'W


    v
    ~

    kh:'b!]kin/ eatables, foodstuff:


    v
    ~

    6()

    eJ

    -:j

    thing, stuff + n'W to eat. to be hard. to be fresh.

    tl1U 6d -:J
    6 ~'W61 r1
    v ... 9

    namkhtu' ice: 'W'1 u;::Jnsod' cash: b ~'W

    water + 66"/H
    b !e:~
    I

    money, silver + 61 r1
    "' 9

    6 !e:~A61;J.J s9akhlum' overcoat:


    ~
    o-'

    coat + A61;J.J to cover over. person, one who + 'Vi;w')ll to print.


    Cij

    t:J'Vi;J.J')Il phfiuphim' publisher, printer: t:J 'IJ1 ~'Vi;w')ll ch~auphim' printer:


    "' 'lJI 1 'J 61 eJ khaawlyy' rumor:
    6

    'U1-:J artisan, smith (bound stem, see pp. 142-3) + Y1;w')ll.

    /J 1 'J

    news + " 61' eJ

    to be rumored.
    I

    1
    d

    ~ -:J~e:J:l-1 roous~::Jml repair shop:

    1 S -:J building, structure (seep. 469) +


    d

    "lfeJ;J.J to mend.

    mt.'l.J'd'W

    thtikhwten' peg or hook for hanging things: fl

    place+ 6b'l.J'J'W

    to hang. to lead. to

    Fl'1'W'1 khamnam' preface (leading word): A'1

    word (see pp. 89-90) + 'W'1

    fl'J1;J.J1ll~6 khwaamkrood' anger:


    be angry.
    A'J 1;J.JS eJ'W khwaamr:S::Jn' heat: ll1 S 'J -:J
    ~ ~

    A11;J.J state, condition (see pp. 81-2) + 1n~6

    Fl 'J 1;).J + S eJ'W

    to be hot.
    n 1 S activity, -ing (see p. 29, mng. 3

    kaanw11J' running, the act of running:


    ~

    and notes) + 'J


    j:,

    to run.

    2. Noun + verb with object (head + attribute): NOUN


    flW'lJ1tJlll'J
    I ,_,

    khonkhaajtua' ticket seller (ticket-selling person):


    at
    ~
    6

    A'W person, -er (see

    pp. 73-4) + d1tJll11


    "-'

    to sell tickets: 'lJ1tJ


    "-'

    to sell,

    lll'J ticket.
    I

    V1-:JlllrJt:J;J.J cMau'tadphom 1

    barber (hair-cutting person):

    'IJ1~

    artisan, smith (see


    d d d

    pp. 142- 3) + ll1 r1 t:J ;w


    d d d
    9

    to cut hair: ll1 A to cut,


    d

    t:J :W hair of the head.


    d

    '!1 b'lJ tJLJVl S thtikhla'bur].i' ash tray (cigarette-flicking place): fl place

    + b'lJ tJLJVl S 9

    to

    flick (off ashes from) a cigarette: 6"/JtJ


    d "-' "'
    d

    to flick,

    9JVlS cigarette.
    9

    6 As eJ -:J"lin t:J 1 khr9aJJscigph~a' washer, washing machine (clothes-washing apparatus):


    bASel~ gear, apparatus, implement (see pp. 97-8) + 'Ullt:J1
    _"(
    v

    to wash cloth:

    "lin to

    "-'

    wash, t:J 1 cloth. 3. Noun + noun (head + attribute): NOUN

    bil 'l'l l 'l'l~1


    ~

    r6dfajl train:

    ~ bl vehicle, car +

    'V'l

    fire.

    fajfaa' electricity:

    'l'l

    fire +
    'l.J'W

    ~1

    faa' sky.

    'l.J'Wll11 khontaa' eyelashes:

    hair (except of the head) + 1111 eye.

    "' n 1 s b:WeJ
    d ""

    kaanmya:!J' politics (country affairs): n 1 S affairs of, matters of (seep. 29,

    mng. 2) +
    +

    "" eJ ~ 6:W

    country (nation); town.


    b Fl S eJ
    d
    -:J

    b A HH :we.J khr9aumyy' tool:


    +

    "' apparatus, implement (see pp. 97 -8) + :WeJ

    hand.

    Fl'Wll s::: bD1 khonkrapaw' fare collector (purse-person):

    A'W person, -er (see pp. 73-4)

    +
    I

    n~:::bl.J1

    purse.
    I

    V1~fleJ~

    cMauth::J::JD' goldsmith:

    V1-:J artisan, smith(seepp.142-3) + mH gold. V11 inhabitant of,

    V11 b~eJ~ chaawmyau' native, native inhabitant; townspeople:

    "" dweller in (see pp. 146-7) + b;J.JeH

    country (nation); town.

    xvii

    Brief Description of Thai

    4. Noun + noun (coordinate compound): NOUN


    '\AI eJ 66:W
    d...,

    ph5:~mte'

    parents: '\AI eJ

    father + 66:W
    d

    '\AI'WeJ.:j

    phtin:bu' brothers and sisters: 'W

    ..., older sibling+ 'WeJ.:j younger sibling.


    c;

    mother.

    eJ'd
    ~
    I I

    dlt.J phuamia' married couple:


    lfiugl~an'

    eJ'd husband +
    I I

    I,

    :W tJ wife.
    I

    61 nt'l6l1'W
    ~

    descendants: 61 fl
    ~

    child + 'Vf611'W grandchild.


    ~

    'lJ t.J 11i11 t.J 1 t.J


    father,

    puuj~a'taajaajl
    I

    ancestors: 'l.Jt.J 1

    paternal grandparents ( 'lJ


    ~

    paternal grand-

    tJ 1 paternal grandmother) + lil1 tJ 1 tJ

    maternal grandparents ( lil1 maternal

    grandfather, tJ 1 tJ

    maternal grandmother). This example is a secondary coordinate

    cpd. pleasingly welded together by the rhyme that exists between the second part of the first primary coordinate and the first part of the second primary coordinate.
    bb'/J 'W 'tJ 1
    khwkh~a'

    (the four) limbs:


    v

    66'tl'W arm +
    ,_,

    'tJ 1 leg.
    v

    l,~elt:J1

    s9aph~a' clothing: I,~ eJ

    coat, upper garment + t:J 1

    cloth, lower garment. water buffalo. chicken.

    wuakhwaajl livestock (in general): 1 1 cattle + Fl11l1 pedkajl barnyard fowl (collectively): m!idphra.a' knives (of all kinds): :Wli1
    ""

    l,'i]li1 duck+
    v

    l~

    knife +

    'W ~ 1 jungle knife, kris.

    "" I,~

    eJ 66'\AI

    ryaphee' watercraft: 6"" ~ eJ


    phaasli'?aak:~:~n'

    boat + 66'\AI

    raft, houseboat.

    (all kinds of) government revenue:

    "" taxes + eJ 1 fl J11W

    revenue. Elaborate Expressions Elaborate expressions are usually colloquial but a few are considered elegant. They are frequently based on compounds of the types illustrated above and are expanded by repeating a part of the compound and adding a new part, by inserting a syllable for the sake of rhyme, or by inserting a syllable which has some vague semantic relation to one of the original parts. Most of these expressions are made up of four parts. The semirepeated expressions have the same item as the first and third or as the second and fourth part. The expressions that are characterized by rhyme always show internal rhyme (i.e. the rhyming of adjacent syllables) between the second and third parts. The rhyming part is the one in second position and may be an item which (1} has no meaning and therefore functions only as a rhyme, (2) has a meaning inconsistent with the rest of the expression and again functions only as a rhyme, or (3) has a meaning of greater or less consistency with the rest of the expression and also rhymes. Those expressions which insert a part which has a vague semantic relation to one of the parts of the original expression often place it in second or fourth position. A variety of examples are shown below. j lbleg'jlbn5:~jl e 1a b. co 11 o q. to pilfer:
    <:

    "' to pick up, take up (in 'Vft.J'U


    v

    <:

    the hand), b 61n 'W eJ tJ The word 'Vf~'U


    <:

    a little bit:

    b 61fl to be little, small, 'Welt.J

    to be little, lesser.

    is repeated and its second occurrence splits the coordinate

    b61fl'WeJt.J.

    rfiabhua'rfiabM.au' idiom. to gather everything together; to sum


    ,_,

    everything up:

    1'U to gather together,

    'Vf1 head,

    'Vf1.:j tail.

    Brief Description of Thai

    xviii

    ..,

    ..,
    r5~m?og/r:S:mcaj' elab. colloq. to be worried, anxious:

    Hl'\.HJnHl'W1Sl

    worried, anxious:

    ~ eJ'W to be hot, 1 Sl

    ....

    .... HJ'W1Sl to be

    heart, spirit, mind. The word

    eJ n chest

    is not used alone. "' .... L~eJ~L'WeJ~eJ'W1Sl dyadnya/r:);Jncaj' elab. colloq. toworry, be upset. Cf. L~eJ~~eJ'W

    is often paired with 1Sl


    .}'

    in expressions like this, but ~eJ'WeJn

    "'

    ..,

    dyadr:S:::m/ to worry, feel anxious: L"' ~ eJ ~


    .... Hl'W1Sl

    to boil (of water),

    eJ'W to be hot, and


    .}'

    to be worried, anxious (as in the preceding example).

    L'WeJ

    flesh, meat

    is added for balance and because of its vague semantic relation to


    'U

    1 Sl

    "' "' 6U.JV!61:1..11111 lyymhuu'Iyymtaa/ elab. colloq. to open one's eyes to what is going on
    around one. Ct.
    'U

    ~JJI111 lyymtaa' to open the eyes: ~JJ to open (eyes only), 1111 eye.
    1111 eye because of its vague semantic relation.
    I

    Vl ear is often paired with


    I

    Vl'U 11111 LbleJ'W huupaa/taathyan/ e 1 a b. co 11 o q. to be ignorant of what is going on. Here


    'U

    Vl ear and
    'IJ

    1111 eye are paired as above, and 'l! 1

    forest and

    L blel'W forest are


    I

    likewise paired. The expression is welded together by the rhyming of 'l! 1 and 1111
    Vl'l'Vl1eJ1Vl1~
    9

    huuhaa/?aahaan/ elab. eleg. to cook, prepare food: Vl'l


    9

    to cook (rice),
    tJ1Vl1~.

    Vl1
    ~

    to look for,
    ""

    eJ1Vl1~

    eleg. food.

    Vl1

    rhymes with the first part of


    ~

    Ln'IJV!eJJJ HJJJ ~'U kebh:5;Jm/o;Jmrfb/ e 1 a b. co 11 o q. to save up:

    Ln'U to pick up, colq_,

    lect, VleJJJ
    V V
    I

    (no mng.,for rhyme only),


    "-'

    ~ eJJJ to save,

    ~'U (no mng.).


    I

    r:JV!6i'nr:J1Vlb)J phfiul<lg/phfiujaj' elab. colloq. (one's) superiors, elders. Cf.


    'IJ 'IJ
    I

    r:J1Vlb)J
    'IJ

    phfiujaj' superior, elder; adult:

    fJ person (in cpds. ), 1 Vlb)J


    'll
    ~

    to be great. The ex-

    pression is elaborated by repeating fJ


    v
    qJ

    <u

    and adding
    cu
    q_.,

    Vlfl n basis, principle, the lat-

    ter word having at best only a vague semantic connection with the whole expression.
    ....

    'W"1Vl'W"11111

    tears, occurring in the phrase


    q_;

    'W"1Vi'Wo11111l'Vlfl mimhtiu/namtaa/-laj/ elab.


    qJ
    q .....

    co 11 o q. to cry, shed tears. Cf. 'Wo1lil1


    "-'

    mimtaa/ tears:

    'Wo1 water,

    lil1 eye.

    The word
    <:

    't..h

    is repeated and Vl
    'U
    <:

    ear is paired with 1111 to form the elaboration.


    <:

    V!JJL'Vl~LLJ~ln muuhed/pedkaj' colloq. meats of various kinds:


    'U

    ,'"j

    V!JJ pig,
    <u

    LVi~ (inI

    serted to rhyme with L'l! ~ ; otherwise means "mushroom"), chicken. Reduplication

    L~~ duck, ln

    Simple reduplication is used to form many imitative words, such as llfl n1 i mit. of the sound of coughing,

    khtgkhtg/

    LLQ'l1 ch8uch8tJ/ i mit. of a clattering sound. There are also

    other kinds of reduplication including several interesting types of ablauting reduplication. Some of these are listed and illustrated below.
    1. A back vowel alternates with its corresponding front vowel:
    ~ v~

    u and i:

    ~ 'l

    tJ '1 jOtJjttJ/ to be confused, confusing, entangled (cf.

    ~ '1

    idem);

    Sl

    cfiucti/ to
    "-' "-'

    be fussy, particular; "lf'U.:U'U


    9

    subsfb/ to whisper;

    ~'d L~tJ uuauia/ to feel drowsy.


    L'V'l fl phl6o:::;

    o and e:

    hi L"lf

    soosee/ to stagger;

    phlee/ twilight; ::>and e:


    ~eJ'WLl~'W tJ~nutn/

    1Vl ~ H Vl n rooureeu/ to be sparse, few; 1'V'l fl 1tJnU'.In j~ogj~eg/ tooscillate(cf. 1t.Jn idem).
    SleJnlb'1n
    c~gctg/

    to be loose (as a tooth), wobbly;


    ~ eHl~

    to be noisy, loud

    (as a crowd);

    tJ::>::>tJee' to be fussy, childish.

    xix

    Brief Description of Thai

    2. Any vowel may alternate with a: i and a:

    V"'.f::; chfcha' interjection of contempt; v~if~


    ~
    '\-'

    chilJChalJ' to hate, abhor, detest (cf. ~~

    to hate, detest); ia and aa: b fl ~ f'J 1 fl ~ 1 '.l


    I
    ~

    '.l fil '.l 1 fil wfidwaad' to scream, screech (of women).


    V
    ~

    kriawkraaw' noisy, noisily.


    b Fl 1 ~ Fl 11 ~ khweetJ:::

    e and a:

    b'l.J61 ~'l.J61 ~ plelJplalJ' to glow (with health), be radiant (of looks);

    khwaalJ' to be adrift; aimlessly; b fl ~ fl1

    k@elJk~alJ'

    to be gangly, awkward. krhgkraag' imit.

    e and a:

    b6'W~1~n1

    phreewphraaw' (or

    ~n166Y'l~1)

    to glitter;

    66fl~nnnn

    of a rustling sound.
    c!l
    Q../

    .:::S

    Q.,..l

    y and a:

    ~:W~:W

    phympham' mutteringly; feel constricted, hemmed in;

    ~:W~

    lJYmlJam' in murmurs; elliHlfil


    d

    ?yd?ad' to

    "' eJ fil eJ 1 fil ?yyd?aad' to be slow, inert.


    b"v'i'Welf'J

    ya and aa: b"v'i'W eJ f'J "v'i'W 1 f'J


    d

    nyajnaaj' listlessly (cf.

    nyaj' to be tired). n8?na?l to be sticky;

    and a:

    b ~eJ::;~::;
    I

    1J8?1Jci?l to be awkward, maladroit, inept; b"v'itJeJ::;"v'itJ::;


    I

    b"118"111

    S~;}s~a'

    co 11 o q. to be foolish, stupid, blundering; b ~ eJ ~ 1 r~dr~a' intru-

    sively. u and a:
    e.J61'We.Jiii''W phlunphlan' hastily, precipitately;
    9

    ~9 ~ ;~

    rutJralJ' to be untidy, messy; "ll"l11 'II

    sOus~a'

    roaringly (of water);

    :W:W:W 'l:W muummaam' to be slovenly in manner of eating.


    'II

    ua and aa: o and a:

    ~~1fil~nfil

    phrOadphdad' abruptly, precipitately (cf. 'Wnfil

    idem).

    L'l.J~f'J'l.J~ 'lf'J proojpraaj' to scatter, sow, disseminate;


    (of the wind);

    L"'..f'J"'.i'lf'J choojchaaj' to blow gently

    LFl ~fl Fl ~ 'lfl khrt'logkhr~ag' i mit. sound of snoring, heavy breathing.

    :Janda:

    "v'i:Wel~"v'i:W'l~

    m:S:JlJmaalJ' sadly, lamentingly.

    3. There are also other miscellaneous vowel alternations: a and e: a and e: i and e:
    d

    eJ 'l b eJ

    haahee' i mit. sound of hearty laughter. Also bel el1


    b6Fl61
    ~

    Fl611
    v

    ~
    v

    khlaalJkhleelJ' to feel suspicious, have doubts.

    ~:Wbbf'J:W jfmjtem' to be bright and smiling. Also

    bbf'J:W~:W.
    and bf'JeJ::; idem);

    and e:

    bf'JeJ::;b6f'J::; j8?j?1 to be plentiful, a lot of, a multitude of (cf. bbf'J::; b QeJ::; L6Q::;

    ch8?ch8?1 to be wet, slushy.


    lil~el:Wiil~:W.

    o and :J:
    d

    lil~:Wiil~el:W

    tromtr:J:Jm' sadly, forlornly. Also

    and :J:

    b eJ eJ eJ eJ ?aa?:J::J' co 11 o q. to agree.

    4. A change in vowel quantity with or without a change in vowel quality:


    ~ ~ ~

    Short vowel and same vowel doubled: 'l'II J fil "1 Short vowel and different vowel doubled:
    ?ld?~:Jd'
    I

    pudpuud', 'lJ eJ fil "1 p6dp6:Jd', b6 'lJ fil "1

    ptdpted' i mit.

    sound of car horn honking. (The short vowel is not reflected in the Thai spelling.)

    1~ b '.l 'i walJweelJ' to be lonely and desolate; ~filelelfil


    elf'Jel'lf'J ?Qj?~aj' to be
    9
    I

    to demonstrate unwillingness or half-heartedness;


    9 9

    ponderous and slow- moving;


    I I

    Gi ~ f'J 61 ~ 'l f'J surOjsur~aj' to be a spendthrift, wasteful;

    f'J:Wf'J 'l:W
    9

    jOmj~am'

    meddlesomely; 61'W611'W

    lonlaanl excitedly and precipitately.


    +

    5. A change in tone is always accompanied by other changes: Short vowel and same or different vowel doubled,plus change in tone: n ~::; 66fil::; n ~::; 66fil krad8e' to be forward, bold (of a woman);
    (cf. fl ~ ::;.;;)'\J idem).

    kradE;?I:::;

    n ~ ::;.;;J'\Jn ~ ::;"iJ'l'U krasfb'kras~ab' to whisper

    i'U d 1'\J

    wabw~ab' to flicker, flickeringly.

    Brief Description of Thai

    XX

    III. SYNTAX The typical sentence contains subject, verb, object, in that order, e.g. !r 4' kh, , 1 2nya , 1 3 t1 He 1 b uys 2 meat. 3 b"'J 1-u eJ I, 'tJel aw 1 syy However, certain types of subjectless sentences are also used, e.g. "' dd 1 2 3 4 1 3 2 4 :WFl'W:W 1 n'tl'W mii khon' m~ag' -thtinti' ~ There are lots of people here. Pronouns are generally omitted if they are implied in the linguistic or situational context, e.g.
    lt.Jl'H'W

    pajl 1najl 2! Where 2 are (you) going 1 ?

    (said upon meeting a friend).

    The nucleus of the predicate is usually a verb, as shown in the examples above, but there is an important type of verbless predication in which a demonstrative pronoun occupies either the subject or predicate position, e.g. d ~ -;; '1 1 2 3 41 'W'H'W'Ji:;iel"/Jel-1 bFl~ ntil na:gs)Ty' kh:SJ:g khrajl t
    3 4 2 1 Whose (of whom ) book (is) this ?

    J'WeJ::::l~

    ?araV 2! What 2 ('s) that 1 ? d' 1 2 3 3 1 2 1Fl ~'W'W:::: khraj' nti' n~? ! Now who ('s) this ?
    .., d
    <:

    n~n' 1

    Obligatory categories of tense and number do not exist, and a sentence like :W 1 1 'l b ~ 1 maa 1 run f ast," "H orses run fast," or w t :g 2 rew 1 3 t1 may mean "The h orse 1 runs 2 f ast,3 " "The h orses "The horse(s) ran fast." But time and number may be shown by special words when needed.

    The word classes are nouns (N), numerals (Nm), classifiers (C), demonstrative adjectives (dA), interrogative-indefinite adjectives (iA), demonstrative pronouns (dP), interrogativeindefinite pronouns (iP), personal pronouns (P), verbs (V), adverb-auxiliaries (AA), prepositions (Pp), conjunctions (Cj), particles (Pt), and exclamatives (E). Before illustrating some of these classes, it is important to point out that words corresponding to adjectives and adverbs in English are true verbs in Thai. Consequently a word like

    ~ diil means "is good; good; well" and

    is used in the following ways: (1) as the nucleus of a predication, e.g.

    -J''W.ffel1n1fi~
    b"'J1

    wannii/ 1 ?aakaad' 2 -dii' 3

    The weather 2 is fine 3 toda/

    (2) as the modifier of a noun, e.g.

    b<[J'WFl'W~

    khaw 1pen' 2khon 3diil 4 ! He 1 is 2 a good 4

    person~

    (3) as the modifier of another verb, e.g. """' 1 2 3 4 5 1 4 2 3 5 b'IJ1'V'll11Jl1"ef1 l 'fltl l l?ll?l khaw phOud' phaasi1athajl d~j dii' ! He can speak Thai well.
    'U

    Nouns may be used alone or serve as the head in noun-phrases containing head plus attribute, in that order. The attribute may be simple, e.g. another noun, a personal pronoun, a verb, or a demonstrative adjective. However, it is often complex, e.g. a preposition + noun or pronoun, a numeral +classifier, a classifier +verb, a classifier + demons. or interrog. -indef. adjective, a numeral + classifier + demons. or interrog. -indef. adjective, a verb + classifier

    + demonstrative adjective, a relative clause, or a classifier + relative clause. A few examples:


    1 2 2 1 'VHH.J:W phJJ' phom' (noun, personal pronoun) my (m. sp.) father. "' 1 2 2 1 Fl'Wl?l khan dii' (noun, verb) a good person.
    A

    s6m 1nti' 2 [nti sic] (noun, demons. adj.) this 2 orange: I 1 2 3 2 3 1 bb:W'I.lel-1 b'IJ1 mte' kh:SJ:g khaw' (noun, prepos.,pers.pron.) his (of him) mother . .., "' 1 2 3 2,3 1 'Wn b Hl'W!i11:WA'W nagrian' -saam' khon' (noun, num.,clf.) three students.

    i:w.ff

    xxi

    Brief Description of Thai

    {\n b ~tJ'WFI'W,ff nagrian' 1khon 2nfi1 3 (noun, elf., demons. adj.) this 2 ' 3 student:

    nagrian' 1khon 2ni1jl 3 (noun.,clf.,interrog.-indef.adj.) which 2 ' 3 student~ .,_., "' Jt 1 2 3 4 3,4 'Wfl b~tJ'W611:WFI'W'W nagrian' -si1am' khon nfi (noun, num.,clf.,demons. adj.) these 2,3 1 three students. VA J/ 1 2 3 4 5 [;J'Vfb1J'l61'dtJ611:WFI'W'W phOujltJ' suajl -saam' khon nfi' (noun, verb, num.,clf.,demons. 'II 4,5 3,4 2 1 adj.) these three pretty women. V dJ;' 1 2 3 4 1 2 3,4 B-J'Vfbl!'l'Yl"l.Hl'tleH phOujltJ' -thii s"YY' kh5:JtJ' (noun+ rel. cl.) women who shop.

    {\n

    b~tJ'WFJ'Wlvr'W

    'II

    The principal uses of numerals, classifiers, and demonstrative and interrogative-indefinite adjectives are illustrated above. It is important to observe that the choice of classifier is
    .,_.,

    determined by the noun- head. Thus

    FI'W khon' is the ordinary classifier for people:

    lil 'd tua'

    for animals (and also for tables, chairs, playing cards); cles (except carts);

    st1

    lam' for boats;

    A'W khan' for vehi-

    b 61 :W lem' for sharp-pointed objects, such as knives, and for carts, books,

    etc.; and many others. In addition to the types of classifiers just mentioned there are also classifiers denoting times or occasions, periods of time, units of money and other types of measurement. These are often used in attributive phrases without expressed noun- head, e.g. Fl ~ 1 'd,ff khraaw 1nfi' 2 (elf., demons. adj.) this 2 time 1 (occasion) . .,_., 1 2 1 2 61 eH 'd'W s:S:Jt] wan' (num.,clf.) two days. v v "'1 2 3 4 'Vf1'U1l1'Vf1~'U611i11..:JFI h~a baad' -h~aslb' sata:u' (num.,clf.;num.,clf.) (and) fifty 3

    five

    bahts

    satangs~

    b ~'W

    tJ<m' "money" may be placed first as noun-head.

    Personal pronouns may be substituted for nouns but they are not followed by as many types of attributes. Such pronouns are differentiated not only for person and sometimes number but also for relative social status and occasionally for sex. Deferential first person terms differentiated for sex are B-J :W ph6m' I (m. sp.) and

    ~ Q'W dichan' I (w. sp. ). Pronouns differentiated

    on the status level often have paired terms for "I" and "you", e.g.
    [;J:l-J
    .,_.,

    ph6m' I (m. sp.) or ~Q'W

    dicMn' I (w. sp.) paired with FlblJ, khun' you. These


    9

    are deferential terms used among equals or when speaking to superiors .


    Q'W

    chan' I (m. or w. sp.) paired with

    b 6 eJ thaa' you. Used when speaking to inti-

    mates or inferiors, hence often to children.


    <V

    fl'W

    kan' I (m. sp. to m.) paired with sex, otherwise insulting.

    bbfl kc:c:' you. C sed among intimates of the same

    Third person pronouns are also differentiated for social status, rarely for number, and still more rarely for sex. Some of the most common of these are the following:
    bbfl

    kc:c:' he, she, they. Common respectful term.

    b't/1 khaw' he, she, they. General term .

    :W'W

    ...

    man' he, she, it, they. A derogatory term when used of people, the common term when speaking of animals (and occasionally of things; seep. 397).

    'Vf61 eJ'W Em' she. Of frequent use in the written language.

    There is also a first person plural pronoun

    b ~ 1 raw' used as the common term for "we." In

    addition it is sometimes used to mean "I" when speaking to oneself or to intimates and inferiors.

    Brief Description of Thai

    xxii

    Most kinship terms also have as one of their uses a pronominal one. Thus
    1

    'VHJ

    ph~:J'

    "father" may be used to mean "you, he, Father" (sp. to or of one s father) or "I, Father" (father sp. to child); seep. 366. Similar extensions of usage characterize
    '\'l phti' older sibling, p. 372; tHH
    d "'

    b6:l-l

    mte'

    mother, p. 410;

    n:S:Jn' younger sibling, p. 257, and many others.

    Verbs have two main functions, in one of which they are called "primary verbs" (V), in the other "secondary verbs" (sV). Primary verbs function as the nucleus of a predication and are translated by English verbs. Secondary verbs, on the other hand, resemble English adverbs
    if intransitive, English prepositions if transitive. Examples:

    1 2 1 2 naam' lou' ! The water recedes. ( 6'l '1 to descend, recede, prim. v.) ~ 1 2 3 1 2,3 ~ 'W-16'1'1 b bleJ::: n.n' lou thd?/ ! Sit down! ( 'W-1 to sit, prim. v.; 6'l ~ down, sec. v.)
    'W 16'1 -1 b"IJ1

    khaw 1pen 2khruu' 3 ! He 1 is 2 a teacher~ ( b~'W to be ... , prim. v.) "' ,cu~'i "-' 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 b"~J1n'W1"~J b1J'WeJ1'Vl1~ b'ti1 khaw kin kha.j' pen ?aahaanchaaw' ! He eats eggs for 5 A ~ breakfast. (n'W to eat ... , prim. v.; b'U'W for, as ... , sec. v.)

    b1j'WFl~

    Adverb-auxiliaries are a class of words, some of which are translated by English auxiliary verbs and others by English adverbs. All belong to a single class in Thai and are identified as such by their fixed position with respect to the subject (which they follow) and to the nuclear verb (which they precede), e.g. 111 eJ -1 t~n' "must" in .., .., 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 b"IJ 1111 eJ -11 '\J'\J 1'W khaw t~n' paj Man' ! He must go home. Other important adverb-auxiliaries include the following: or Fl 'J ~ "l::; khuan'ca:::::: "ought to,"
    ~ ~

    "l::;

    ca::::::

    "shall, will,"
    I

    Fl 'J ~ khuan'

    b'Vl'W "l::; henca:::::: "seemingly, seems to," 1J-~

    m.jl, m.j::::::

    "not,

    EJ '1 jan'

    "still, yet," "l

    CYD' "consequently." More than one adverb-auxiliary may be

    used in the same sentence and in this event their relative order is fixed. Examples: IV 12 3'4 51 2 3 4 5 b"IJ 1 "l::; 1:l-l1 '\J'IJ 1'W khaw ca m.jl paj Man' ! He will not go home. ~I"-' 1 2, 3 4 1.3 .2 4 b"IJ 1 tH eJ ~'\J 1'W khaw jan juu' Man' ! He 1s still at home. b"IJ1tJ'll~l'\J;1'W khaw' 1jan 2 m.jl 3paj 4 Man15! He 1 hasnlt 3 gone 4 home 5 yet~ Conjunctions are used to connect sentences or clauses and they precede everything else: d 1"' 1 2 3 4 12 3 4 b:l-leJ b"IJ 1 '\J'IJ 1'W m9a khaw' paj Man' ~ when he went home. V I oV 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 4 3 5 bl1~:l-ll:l-leJtJ'\J1'W th.a phom' m.j juu Man'- if I am not athome.
    'IJ

    Particles are sentence-ending words and fall into two classes, those indicating mode and those connoting the social status and sometimes the sex of the speaker. Modal particles include question, imperative, and other particles (first two examples below). Status particles include
    .., nl

    Ai''IJ

    khrab' (deferential m. sp.),

    Fl::: kh.',

    Fl::: kha' (deferential w. sp.), and "l:::

    c.l, "l:::

    ca'

    (m. or w. sp. to intimates or inferiors, including children). Status particles always follow other particles, e.g.

    b"IJ1 '\J'IJ1'Wbb6l'J'VlHlFl~'\J khaw paj b.an' leew ry khra.b'! Has

    1 ..,

    .., ""

    ..,

    3 '

    4 ,5

    1 2 3 5 he gone home ?

    t)ryn'\hd?/ 2! Wake up 1 ! 2 ( b bleJ::: imperative part.) I 1 2 1 2 "IJ e:J'\J Flbli.Fl::; kh~:Jbkhun' kh.' ! Thanks (w. sp. ). ~ ~..., 1 2 3 4 56 1 2 3 bSl"IJeJ'\J~'Vl'W~1'Vl:l-l"l::: thdd' ch~:Jb' duu n~n' -maj ca'! Do you like to see movcu ...,

    ~'W b b]e:J::;

    ies 4 ? 5 (l'Vl:l-1 question part., "l:::

    status part. used with intimates, children).

    xxiii

    Brief Description of Thai

    SOME REFERENCES ON THE THAI LANGUAGE TEXTBOOKS AND DICTIONARIES Bhaopichitr, Dr. Kamol. Modern English-Thai Dictionary. Bangkok, B. E. 2492 (1949). 819 pp. Modern Thai- English Dictionary. Bangkok, B. E. 2498 (1955). 765 pp. Haas, Mary R. Thai Reader. American Council of Learned Societies, Washington, D.C.,

    1954. Pp. 1-215. Thai Vocabulary. American Council of Learned Societies, Washington, D.C., 1955. Pp. 217-589. The Thai System of Writing. American Council of Learned Societies, Washington, D. C., 1956. 115 pp. Haas, Mary R., and Heng R. Subhanka. New York, 1946-48. 701 pp. Jamsai, M. L. Manich. (1947). 610 pp. Thai- English Dictionary. 3rd rev. ed., Bangkok, 1949. 692 pp. McFarland, G.B. Thai-English Dictionary. Stanford University Press, secondprintEnglish-Thai Dictionary. 8th printing, Bangkok, B. E. 2490 Spoken Thai, Books I and II. Henry Holt and Co.,

    ing, 1954. 1019 pp. Phloyphrom, Plang. 1774 pp. Sreshthaputra, So, ed. The New Model English-Thai Dictionary. Bangkok, 1940. Pru's Standard Thai-English Dictionary. Bangkok, 1955.

    3 vols., 4000 pp. Thai-Thai Dictionary. Ministry of Education, Bangkok, B. E. 2493 ( 1950). 1057 pp. ARTICLES AND MONOGRAPHS Abramson, ArthurS. The Vowels and Tones of Standard Thai: Acoustical Publication Twenty of the Indiana University

    Measurements and Experiments.

    Research Center in Anthropology, Folklore, and Linguistics. Bloomington, 1962. Egerod, Soren. "Swatow Loan Words in Siamese." Acta Orientalia, vol. XXIII (1958-59), pp. 137-156. Fowler, Murray, and Tasniya lsarasena. The Total Distribution of the Sounds of

    Siamese. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1952. 8 pp. + 4 microcards. Haas, Mary R. "Techniques of Intensifying in Thai." Word, val. II (1946), pp. 125-130.

    "Types of Reduplication in Thai." Stud i e s in Ling u i s tics, vol. I ( 1942), no. 1, pp. 1-6. "The Use of Numeral Classifiers in Thai. "Language, vol. XVIII (1942), pp. 201-205. Henderson, Eugenie J. A. val. I (1949). Noss, RichardB. Thai Reference Grammar. Washington, D.C. 1964. ''Prosodies in Siamese: a Study in Synthesis." Asia M a j o r n. s.,

    EXPLANATORY NOTES
    The materials of this dictionary have been arranged, in so far as practicable, in accordance with the convenient principle adopted in The Am e ric an Co 11 e g e 0 i c tiona r y (Random House, Inc., New York, latest printing, 1963). This means that all items are in one alphabetical list: regular vocabulary items, abbreviations, names of people, place names, and foreign words. This is even more important in a Thai dictionary than in an English dictionary, since the Thai writing system uses no capital letters or any other device to set off names of people and places from ordinary words. Furthermore some abbreviations are signalled by a period (not otherwise used in Thai writing) but other abbreviations are not so signalled. The Main Entry The material included with each main entry will include at the maximum the following kinds of information: 1. the main entry word in traditional Thai spelling. 2. the phonemic rendition of the actual pronunciation of the word. 3. the abbreviation designating the word class. 4. the restrictive label. 5. the meaning or meanings in English. 6. run-on entries without phonemic rendition but including meaning. 7. the origin of certain types of borrowed terms. 8. variant spellings. 9. synonyms, antonyms, and words compared or distinguished.

    10. notes.
    A more detailed description of the nature of these features is provided in the following paragraphs. 1. The main entry word. The main entry word is written in traditional Thai letters and placed at the left, a little further to the left than the usual line of text. The spelling shown is that given in the official Thai monolingual dictionary (the Ministry of Education, Bangkok, 1950). Separate entries are made for all words which, even though spelled in exactly the same way, are of unrelated derivation. In such cases each entry word is followed by a Thai numeral,
    cv
    Q...l

    Q.J

    Q.J

    e.g.

    6)

    (1),

    l&J (2),

    m (3),

    <:.

    (4), etc. See 'IJ'W 6.J,'IJ'W l&J,'IJ'W m,'IJ'W

    <.,

    p. 55. Moreover, in

    some cases words related in derivation have such divergent meanings that a separation is desirable in order to keep the subentries and examples of the separate meanings together, e.g. t:Jd-J hair of the head, and t:Jd-1 l&J I (def. m. sp.), p. 337.
    6)

    If a main entry is followed immediately by a comma the material that follows in Thai

    writing is an equivalent term. If a dash (--) is used it means that the whole of the main entry is to be read for the dash. Example:

    n ~ ~ 1711 n , - - 111 kradaag', kradaagcaj' V

    1. to be shy, bashful. [Etc., p. 7]

    XXV

    Explanatory Notes

    Sometimes an entry is followed by material in parentheses. For nouns this is the classifier or classifiers, e.g. "/J eJ
    I ._,

    (9)

    tii'J, el'W)

    kh~b/ (tua/, ?an/) N hook (p. 51). For verbs it is a

    preposition, secondary verb, or other word, with which the verb is usually associated. Example:
    bb"IJ ~ ( mJ)

    kheu/(ka::::) V to compete (with). P. 70.

    Whenever possible the translation of the parenthesized material is also placed in parentheses, as in the example just given. 2. The phonemic rendition. The phonemic rendition shows the actual pronunciation of the word according to the system described on pp. xi-xv. Sometimes this pronunciation is unexpected in terms of the spelling of the word, i.e. the reading fails to conform in one or more respects to the rules of the Thai system of writing. The phonemic rendition is then followed by an asterisk in order ( 1) to call attention to the unusual pronunciation and (2) to indicate that the pronunciation shown is not a typographical error. Since a number of quite common words have unexpected pronunciations, the asterisk is used on 1 y w h en the w o r d a p pea r s a s a m a i n e n t r y and is not repeated in subentries, examples, or cross references. When in doubt consult the main entry. Examples:

    bbm thew/* (where one might expect thw/) line, row. P. 221.
    ti~:;::Lt.J'I.i'W"' prajood/* (where one might expect praj6od') advantage, usefulness. P.306.

    Vl'!T~ ~ eJ naus"YY'* (where one might expect nilusY"Y') book. P. 557.


    Sometimes two or more pronunciations are shown, all except one of which is unexpected. In this case no asterisk is used since it is clear that not all pronunciations can be regular. Examples:
    ._,

    n'U
    b"/J 1

    (9)

    kab', ka:::
    c: kh~w',

    with. P. 26.

    khaw' he, she, they. P. 66.

    Sometimes different pronunciations are associated with different meanings or uses. This is shown by parenthetical numbers before each pronunciation which in turn are keyed to the numbered meanings, as in the following example:
    b ~lJ (1-3) stat, sra; (4) sfa, sa V 1. to lose [etc.].

    2. to waste [etc.]. 3. to break

    down [etc.]. sV 4. sec. vb. indicating a hortative [etc.]. P 547. 3. The abbreviation designating the word class. The abbreviations used for the word classes are AA (adverb-auxiliary), C (classifier), Cj (conjunction), dA (demonstrative adjective), dP (demonstrative pronoun), E (exclamative), iA (interrogative-indefinite adjective), iP (interrogative-indefinite pronoun), N (noun), Nm (numeral), nN (name noun), P (personal pronoun), pN (place name), Pp (preposition), Pt (particle), qM (modifier of a quantifier), reP (reciprocal pronoun), rM (restricted modifier), sV (secondary verb), T (title, usually with the given name), V (verb). Some of these are illustrated on pp. xix-xxi.
    If the entry word is used in more than one word class the appropriate abbreviation precedes each

    definition where it is needed. Example:


    "IJ:;:: hw

    ( A'W)

    khamoojl (khon')

    N 1. thief. V 2. to steal, pilfer. P. 48.

    4. The restrictive label. The restrictive label indicates the levels of usage, both social and technical. This is shown in expanded type. Social and literary restrictions include the following: archaic,

    Explanatory Notes

    xxvi

    colloq. (colloquial), com. (common), def. (deferential), derog. (derogatory), eleg. (elegant), epithet, euphem. (euphemism), expl. (expletive), fig. {figurative), idiom. {idiomatic), illit. {illiterate), lit. (literary), obs. (obsolete), obsolesc. (obsolescent), roy. (royal), sacer. (sacerdotal), slang, vulg. (vulgar), writ. (written). Technical labels are those found in most dictionaries. See List of Abbreviations and Labels. 5. The meaning or meanings in English. The separate meanings are numbered. If a new word class designation is needed it precedes the number; if a new restrictive label is needed it follows the number. Example:

    mn

    tog' V 1. to drop, fall; to fall (straight) down {from, into, onto). 2. to fall off, drop off, decrease, diminish. 3. to droop (as ears, tail). 4. to set (of the sun, moon). 5. to set in (as afternoon). 6. hort. to set (of fruit, pods, seed). 7. eleg. to lay (eggs). 8. co 11 o q. to come to (such and such an amount), be approximately, come close to. 9. to fade {of colors). sV 10. down, through (completive sense); conclusively.

    ~Dist.

    1.

    ;~, nn;~.

    --Ant. 1.

    Gln.
    ~

    2,4. :t'W.

    3.

    ~.

    [P.l80.]

    6. Run-on entries. Run-on entries are commonly used derivatives. They show the deriving element in Thai writing immediately followed (or preceded) by a dash(--). The dash stands for the whole of the main entry (or subentry) form. Only the meaning of the run-on entry is shown and, if needed, the restrictive label. The phonemic rendition, word class designation, and classifier are omitted. This information can be secured by referring to the place in the dictionary where the deriving element is listed as a main entry. The most common deriving elements shown in run-on entries are the following:
    Fl'J1~

    n 1 ~ -ing (mng. 3, p. 29),


    d

    Fl'W -er, person (mng. 2, p. 73),


    '111~ -er, -smith
    I

    -ness (mng. 3, pp. 81-82), lFlHH -er, apparatus (mng. 3, p. 97), "' "' (mng. 2, p. 142), [ll'W plant, tree (mng. 4, p. 182), BJ -er (mng. 3, p. 344),
    'll

    eltJ 1 ~ in ... a man-

    ner, -ly (mng. 2, p. 604). Example:


    'W~'W
    A

    phim' V to print, imprint.


    I

    n 1 ~-- printing; publishing.

    BJ-'IJ

    publisher;

    printer.

    '111 'l-- printer. P. 371.

    7. The origin of certain types of borrowed terms. Words known to be recent borrowings from Chinese, English, French, Portuguese, Vietnamese, etc., are so marked. Many very old borrowings from Chinese are not so marked, partly because there is some disagreement among scholars as to whether they are loanwords or genetically related words. No attempt was made to identify the Pali and Sanskrit loanwords or to distinguish those which were borrowed directly from those which came into Thai through Cambodian as an intermediary language. Many of these words bear the restrictive labels of eleg. or lit., but are not otherwise marked. Therefore this dictionary is not, and is not intended to be, an etymological dictionary in any sense of that term. 8. Variant spellings.
    If there are any variant spellings these are shown. Each variant spelling also occurs

    in its proper alphabetical position as a main entry but is not followed by anything other than a

    xxvii

    Explanatory Notes

    reference to the more usual spelling. Some words were until quite recently spelled in a somewhat different fashion. This "former spelling" is signalled by the abbreviation "FS." 9. Synonyms, antonyms, and words compared or distinguished. Synonyms, antonyms, and words compared or distinguished are keyed to the numbered definitions by numbers which precede the synonym, antonym, etc. See the examples shown with
    "-'

    ..,

    rln

    tog' under 5. above. Thus -Dist. 1. 61J.J,v'ln61J.J means that mng.1 of

    !lln is to be distin-

    guished from the meaning of 61 J.J and 'Vin 61 J.J even though the English gloss overlaps. 10. Notes. A note (NOTE) is added whenever there is a special comment to be made in regard to the spelling, pronunciation, or grammatical function of the entry word. Long notes often appear in smaller than ordinary type. All material appearing in smaller type is to be considered a note whether so labelled or not. In this category are many special lists of items, e.g. Names of Some Departments (p. 4), Names of the Ministries (p. 9), Kings of the Chakri Dynasty (p. 114), Names of the Planets (p. 166), Names of the Twelve Cyclical Years (p. 320), etc. There are many notes describing grammatical function followed by examples. These are scattered throughout the dictionary, e.g. n1~ (p. 29), Fl'd1J.J (p. 81). Sl~ (p. 112),

    rh (p. 237),

    !Yn

    C9J

    (p. 259).

    Subentries and Examples Subentries are derivatives or expressions based on the main entry. The Thai spelling of each subentry is placed at the first indentation to the left. Examples are also placed at the first indentation to the left but are always preceded by a circle ( o) Subentries are shown in

    strict alphabetical order, but examples are placed in an order keyed to the definitions or grammatical comments that precede them. Sometimes it is necessary to show a derivative of a subentry. These secondary derivatives are, like examples, preceded by a circle ( o) . or examples under secondary derivatives are preceded by a double circle Transliteration Thai place names are written in the so-called "general" system of transliteration worked out by the Royal Institute of Thailand as described in the beginning pages of "Notification of the Royal Institute concerning the transcription of Thai characters into Roman" (Journal of the Thailand Society, vol. 33, part l, pp. 49-65, 1941). Whenever there is another common romanized spelling, it is shown in parentheses after the transliteration. A sample entry showing the Thai spelling, the phonemic writing, the transliteration and another common romanized spelling is:
    I

    Subentries

    ( oo)

    Ud-JL'IH

    mtEkhoou' pN 1. the Maekhong (Mekong) River [etc.].

    Occasionally a special Thai term best left untranslated (or used as an alternate to the translation) is also transliterated in accordance with the same system, e.g.

    ~'l 'Vi'Jli1

    cauwad' N changwat, i.e. township (an administrative unit).

    LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND LABELS


    (1) replaces a hyphen in entries in which

    -'1-'W- -amn-. cpd. cpl. cross ref. dA de f. derog. dial. Dist. compound; cpds., compounds. coupled (with). cross reference. Also cross refer. demonstrative adjective; p. xx. deferential speech. derogatory term. dialectal, i.e. not Bangkok Thai. distinguish, used esp. when the gloss obscures an important Thai semantic diff.
    dP
    E

    the phonemics carries over to a new line.


    (2) indicates the word is in close transi-

    tion with whatever follows, e.g. k58, p. 1.

    *
    AA

    sic. Indicates a given unexpected pron. is correct. So marked in main entry only. adverb-auxiliary; pp. xx and xxii. abbreviation, the abbreviated form is. accounting. Christian era. To obtain the corresponding year of the Buddhist era, add 543.

    Abbrev. account. A.D.

    demonstrative pronoun; p. xx. east, eastern. exclamative; p. xx. economics. elaborate; p. xvii. electricity. elegant term. See com. English. epithet. an equal in rank or status. equivalent to. Also equiv. to. especially. euphemism, euphemistic term. example(s). exclamative, exclamation. expletive. European, used when the specific source for a borrowed term is unknown, esp. of terms of international currency.

    addr. adv. -aux. aero. Am. Eng. anat. Ant. archaic arith. astron. bank. B. E.

    address, addressing. adverb-auxiliary. aerodynamics. American English. anatomy. antonym. archaic term. arithmetic. astronomy. banking term. Buddhist era. To obtain the corresponding year of the Christian era subtract 543.

    econ. elab. elect. eleg. Eng. epithet eq. eq. to esp. euphem. ex. excl. expl. Eur.

    bot. boxing Brit. Eng. Bur.

    botany. boxing term. British English. Burmese. classifier; pp. xx and xxi. Cambodian. compare, esp. etymologically. chemistry. Chinese. conjunction; pp. xx and xxii. classifier; clfs., classifiers. collective, collectively. colloquial term. common term, as opposed to colloq., eleg., roy., sacer., slang, vulg.

    c
    Camb.
    Cf.

    f. fig. finance Fr. FS. geog. geom. gov. gram. Hind. hort. iA idem

    from (borrowed from), e.g. [f. Chin.] figurative. Also figur. financial term. French. former spelling, e.g. 'tf::;i!li1 FS. See 'tl1'11i1. geographical. geometry. government. grammar, grammatical term. Hindi. horticulture. interrogative-indefinite adj. ; pp. xx, xxi. the same in meaning as the preceding.

    chem. Chin. Cj
    elf.

    coli. colloq. com.

    Comp.

    compare, ref. to terms related in mng.or use and of the same or diff. status level.

    conv. f.

    converted from, e.g. is conv. f. L 1i1

    n"1 L 1'1111

    kamn~;::~d/

    k8;::~d/ by the addition of

    xxix idiom, idiomatic. illiterate,i. e.in the speech of the uneducated. imitative or onomatopoetic. indefinite. inferior, one who is an inferior in status. intimate, one who is an intimate. intensifier. interrogative-indefinite pronoun; p. xx, Japanese. jocular. jurisprudence. law, legal term. literary. Also, literally. man, men; m. sp., man speaking. Malay. mathematics. measurement, measured. medicine. military. meaning, e.g. mng. 1. meaning 1. music. north, northern. noun; pp. xx and xxi. northeast, northeastern. numeral, numerative; pp. xx and xxi. noun modifier, n. in modifying position. name noun, i.e. names of people, groups, organizations, etc. Contrast pN. num.
    NW

    Abbreviations and Labels

    idiom. illit. imit. indef. inf. int. intens. iP Japan. joe. juris. law lit.

    psych.
    Pt

    psychology. particle; pp. xx and xxii. modifier of a quantifier. radio or wireless term. reciprocal pronoun. referring, reference. Also refer. regard, regarding.

    qM radio reP ref. reg.

    restricted of restricted use in this mng. rM roy. restricted modifier. royal speech, used in addressing or speaking about royalty. rP relative pronoun. south, southern. sacerdotal speech (Buddhist usage). southeast, southeastern. secondary verb. sewing term. a slang expression. something. speaking; sp. to eq., speaking to an equal, to inf., to an inferior, etc. special. sport. sq. sup. sV specialized meaning or usage. sports term. square, in measurements. superior, one who is a superior. secondary verb; p. xxii. southwest, southwestern. synonym.
    T

    s
    sacer.
    SE

    m.
    Mal. math. meas. med. mil it. mng. mus.
    N
    N

    sec. vb. sew. slang smthg. sp.

    NE
    Nm n. mod. nN

    sw

    numeral, numerative. northwest, northwestern. obsolete. obsolescent term. occasionally. opposite. pronoun; pp. xx and xxi. particle. pathology. physics. place name, i.e. names of cities, countries, rivers, museums, temples, wats, etc.

    title, usually one used with the given name.

    obs. obsolesc. occ. Opp.


    p

    tech. theatr. tr. f. unspec.

    technical, technology. theatrical term. translated from (a loan translation). unspecified. verb; pp. xx and xxii. variant. verb. Vietnamese. vulgar speech. See com. west, western. woman, women; w. sp., woman speaking. written language, writing. younger. zoology.

    v
    Var. vb. Viet. vulg.

    part. pathol. phys. pN

    w
    w.
    writ. yg. zool.

    polit. Port.
    Pp

    politics. Portuguese. preposition; pp. xx and xxi. pronunciation.

    pron.

    THAI-ENGLISH STUDENT'S DICTIONARY

    1
    Q'WA
    ~

    '" n
    "''l !o:: !o:: b "l n ~'W'W

    0)

    khawcapenm~:J'cyypennagwfd::::

    n n k:J:J/ MIDDLE consonant. Pronounced k initially,


    g finally.
    0
    ~

    thajaasaad' k5taamt ...... chandiicaj 'thaunan' ~ (Whether) he becomes a doctor or a scientist is of no consequence; I'll be happy either way.

    1Fll n lil1 :1-J


    ~

    khrajlk5taaml no matter who, who-

    n . Abbrev. for n nJ gram.


    '" n
    0J

    ever, anybody.
    o 'U 1 'W b:1-J 8 ~ 1 An lil1 :1-J Manmya:udajlk~taam' no

    k5:::

    AA then, consequently, also, too. Often

    "'

    "'

    not translated in English.


    o

    matter which country (it is), whichever country it is.


    o bb:l.J ( 'J 1 ... )

    611 Flb\i,8 tJ 1 nd-111i1'l!J

    k5maa'~ If you want to come along, then come.

    '

    rhn

    tMakhunjaag'maadQaj'---

    ~:;; ... n lil1 :1-J

    Lblil) . . .

    mte 1 (w~a::::

    ~:::1LJ1vrwnG'(ltJ1n capajn~.jlk5lambaag' (it's)


    hard to go anywhere (e.g. in the rain).

    ... )ca:::: ... k5taam' ...... (tte::::). . .

    Even though

    (such and such might occur), still (such and such would be the case). Notwithstanding (such and such), still (such and such is the case).
    V

    o
    o

    1~,J1 nb ~ 1 m~jchaa'k5rew' sooner or later. 1~:J.nnn~81J m~jm~ag'k5n:bj' whether many


    or few, much or little; if not a (whole) lot, then (at least) some.

    c.J q

    '\.;

    q;

    oobb:i-J"l::::WeJIJa:JHl'U1~nlii1:W

    bblili.JS:::bnA"'.illii'W~b:il

    "l::: b~S6j!oJiilJ'W1 mte'camii'?ubpasag'Mau' k5::::

    taam/__,. teeprath@ed' chfiad'kh:'l::llJraw' caca:::: The more you sleep, the lazier you become. Td;:mlwadthanaa' ~ Even though there may be some obstacles, still our country will advance and progress. okay, fine (it's
    o ' "' eJtJ 1 ~ l ~ nlii1:W jaa:uraj'k5taam' however, at any

    n ~
    0

    k~diil "is (are) fine too." Often used correlatively, as in the 3rd example.

    n ~ bVl~ 8'\..l rl'W k5diilmyankan' ~


    all right with me). well go home.

    rate. Might as

    ---Also

    8~1~1sn~.
    lilld-Hblil under lill:W 0J.

    ni'U~l'W b ~tJn~ klabMan'sfak5diil~

    "' nlil1d-Hblil. See

    fl JJ11 d-J fl .

    See

    JJ11 :W ~ under l911 d.J


    d d

    nil
    o

    k5miil "is (are) found too."


    d

    b'WeJ'W

    '1

    b nn1:wAn:W TIV!n:W ph~anph~anlrawl

    c.JC:: c.J

    c.jt;'"c.J

    chfiaj'thaausab1 - k5diil-+ ryycapenkaanchfiaj'::: thaaukamlau'- k5diV-.. phfiurab' pmjindiinfb'thaunan' ~ Whether it be financial assistance or physical assistance, the recipient will welcome either.
    n1;

    thtim~jdiilk5mii1-.. thtidiilk5mii'~

    Among our

    friends there are some who are bad and some who are good.
    o 'U 1 ~

    Fl'W~1~no1~n:il

    baaukhon'

    thtim~jthamdiil:::

    k5mii' I There are, to be sure, some people

    k~d.(laj'

    (postposed, with

    l; as sec. vb.)
    o

    who do ill.

    can also; may; (it) is all right (to).


    o bn

    nwb'JR1b~eJ'WFlt~n:il aeHb~eJ'Wn:il

    kinweelaa'::::

    ~::: 1-LJ 1 Vl'W n1; rawcapajni1j'k~d~aj' ~

    We

    dyankh~'- k5miil-- s3:Jl]dyan'k5miil

    Some-

    can go anywhere we like.


    o

    times it takes one and a half months, sometimes Anything will do.
    c:

    8:::1~n1; ?araj'k5d~aj'~
    Anything whatever.

    two months.
    ~

    n bb61 d n'W k5ltew'kan 1. mildly hortatory expres-

    "' lill :1-J k5taam' n

    1. is of no consequence, of no mo-

    sion: let's, you might (do such and such). Often indicates indifference: go ahead and (do such and such; it would be all the same to me). 2. that's it, that's all there is to it.

    ment; 1st example. 2. no matter (who, which, what, etc.), hence (who)ever, (which)ever, (what)ever, etc. ; 2nd and 3rd examples. NOTE. The complementary clause following fllill :1-J often ends in 'YH 'W'W ; see 1st example.
    .:!>

    n bb;1lu k~ltew'pajl
    bbW.J ( .
    ~

    Then let it go, leave it at that.

    !o:: !o::

    b~1~:::bi.J'WVl:W8Vl~eJbi.J'W'Wn1ntJ1A1alilsnlii1:W

    c;;

    c;;

    "-"

    .-q;

    "' ) n ... ltew( ... )k5::::... and then .

    o bbWl b~ 1

    n 1 ltewkhaw'k5maat
    :1-J

    and then he came.

    2
    ~

    ll.'Yl.ifl

    bbiil'dllvH'Jiil ltewk~jud' and then (he) stopped.

    ..

    n ifl

    in

    Sl:;

    nlak~~'

    taining to royalty.
    fli]Vl:w1U ( !M1J'U, :W1111 n)
    ~

    Pt 1. particle sometimes used

    kbdmaajl (chabab', m~ad~ legal authority.


    kbdmaajl-naanaa'pra~

    at the end of a conditional clause, often with the force of a mild entreaty. 2. particle used at the end of the subject of a predication, in a corroborative sense: "you know," "after all," etc. __..Also written fil:; n eJ
    fl ll. Abbrev. for o

    traa')

    N law.

    'Wfl--

    fli]Vl:W1U'W1'W1tls-::: L'tlA
    th~ed 1

    N international law. kbdmaajlpht:u'


    I

    fli]Vl:W1Ubb~i

    N civil law.

    -+See under fil::: c;:.

    o fli]Vl:JJ 1 us- :::Vl11 i tJ s-::: L'tl A kbdmaaj'- r:fwaatJ'~


    prath~ed'

    r\161 fl i':w

    kilogram.

    N international law.

    nn

    kbg' V 1. to cuddle up against; to throw an arm over. 2. to sit or lie on (so as to cover); (a hen) to set.

    o fli]Vl:W1U eJ clb\l1 kbdmaajl?aajaa' N criminal law. o 'lieJ'Uiii1Ufli]Vl:JJ1U cM::>b'dOajkbdmaajl to be lawful, legitimate. o li11:Wfl!]Vl:W1f:J taam'kbdmaajl 1. to be legal, according to the law. 2. legally.
    0

    "'

    nn ifl kbg' N 1. the base, the portion of an organ


    at or near its point of attachment. 2. the major part or fragment (as of a rice grain).

    rh~lilfl!]Vl:JJ1f:J thamphld'kbdmaajl to break the


    law.

    n n m, Vlbl! 1--

    ( IWW)

    kbgl,

    j~akbg' (t~n')

    N sedge,

    rush, reed.
    fl n c;: in bb:W'Il1fl fl

    o 'Welflfl!]Vl:JJ1U mtew1amkbg' pN the Kok river.

    n~~g'kbdmaajl

    1. to be unlawful,

    illegal, illegitimate. 2. illegally.


    o ~lilfl!]Vl:JJ1U phld'kbdmaajl

    nn k6g' C 1. group, party, faction. N 2. idem.


    Rarely used as a noun; when so used, its elf. is
    (flfl). [f.Chin.] -+Syn. See
    k:nkh:'bkh~::>'

    1. to be illegaL

    unlawful, against the law. 2. illegally.

    "'

    ~'dfl.

    fl!jelf:Jfl1S"~fl kbdl?ajjakaansyg' N martial law.


    fl~'W kathln' N 1. annual festival,. following the rainy

    n . 'lJ . A .
    fl.A.

    the ABC's. July.

    Abbrev. for

    fl~fli]1A:W

    season, during which new robes are presented to the monks. 2. the robes so presented (see below).
    ;1n3'W

    n~

    ko:u' N 1. wheel. 2. circle. ko:ukaan' N colloq. affair,

    n ~ ifl in n ~ n 1 :J
    business.

    ph~akathin'

    N yellow robe presented to

    n ~ k6:U' C 1. measure of volume (about one-eighth


    of a cup). V 2. slang to drink or sip an alcoholic beverage. [f. Chin.]
    fllil

    a priest during the fl~'W festival.


    kbd' V to press, press on (something), push.
    '
    d

    nIii n ~:; ~ i kbd'kradl:u' to ring the bell.


    fllil'lJ

    n ~ ( A'W) ko:u' (khan') N grandfather. [f. Chin.]


    n~~ (n~~) ko:uslil (ko:uslil)
    ization, group. [f. Chin.] N company, organ-

    kbdkhlil V to oppress, tyrannize.


    2. to oppress.

    fllilvl'W kbdldan' V 1. to press.

    A'd 1 :W- -

    pressure; oppression.
    V

    n i ~ 61 ( A'W, 'W 1 U) ko:usun' (khan', naaj') N consul.


    [f. Eur.]
    G1bl1"kflH161
    (bb'Vli) satMan'kotJsun' (htJ')

    n Iii~ 1 A 1 kbd'raakhaa 1
    fl Iii l?J in

    to underprice. N catfish

    tJ f11 fl Iii

    vl1 )

    plaakbd' (tua')

    consulate.
    fli] ('lJeJ) kbd' (kh~::>')

    '

    N
    ~

    (Tachysurus).
    fl lilblib,y katanjuu' V 1. to be grateful. N 2. gratitude.

    N rule, regulation, law.

    fl~fl1

    ('lJeJ)

    katikaa'

    (kh:J~')

    N rule, regulation

    fli] bflb\!"YY kbdkeen' N rule (as of conduct), regula-

    (as in sports).

    tion.
    fli] ~ :11 ~ S kbd'caraac~::>n' N traffic laws.

    n~n161bl!bl!1 (!MtJ'U) katikaa'sanjaa' (chaba.b')


    N agreement, pact.

    fli]GSHI'If1~ kbd'thammacMad' N law(s) of


    nature.

    eJiAfl1:lfl~fl1bbell'lbbiil'W~Fl LVl'l:leJ ?o:ukaan'-katikaa'~


    ?edleen'tlgnya'* North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
    fl . '11 fl . 'tl.

    fli]'~Tli! ~ ( !M'IT'U) kbdba.d' (chaba.b') N charter (as


    of the United Nations).
    fliJ:JJ'W b flu :l'U 161 kbd'monthianbaan' N laws per-

    b~th::>::>'.

    Abbrev. for n t i b 'Yl~ i


    fl eJ'W b'YW i
    d

    Bangkok. "before

    ifl k::>~th::>::>l. Abbrev. for

    3 noon"; hence, A. M. n'W ( bblil) kbn'(tce::::)


    '

    n:l-1&1 i n:J-JVl'W 1

    kt:lm'lo:u'
    kt:lmn~a/

    V to be thinking only of, to

    v v

    to bend down.
    1. to bow the head. 2. to

    have one's mind constant! y on.

    knuckle down (and do something). n. t.1 ns Abbrev. for n'Wt.J 1 t.I'W koon' (bon') September.
    '

    "' n'W ( n'W) kt:ln'

    (k~n')

    N 1. the bottom (of anything).

    2. the rear, bottom (of a person or animal). -Syn. 2. lil~ vulg., 'Yl'J1~VltJn eleg.
    '-' ,}' 'IJ

    ( n s)

    N roy. hand, arm. -..s y n. lil 8 ~

    li1 eJ n s t~o'koon' V 1 it. to fight. com. nsngJ. Abbrev. for nsn!J1FI:l-J July.

    "'

    n'W'l.J i k6nb9:{)' N the bottom way down; way down at the bottom. 'WeJ'Wn'W
    '
    no:mk~n'

    V to settle on the bottom, pre-

    nsngJ1FI:l-J karcigkadaa'khom' N July. bAeJ'W--

    idem.

    cipitate.
    tJ i n'Wll61 8 i

    -..The names of all the months are listed under


    ( li11 ) ju:u'kt:lnpl~:u' (tua 1 )

    '

    N anophn Si

    bli\ eJ'W .
    ( n S i , 61 n ) kro:u' (kro:u', lOugl)
    'IJ

    eles mosquito.

    N 1. cage. 2.

    ~1Vln n'W'IJ 1~ htiahbg'kilnkhwld' sV co 11 o q.


    gallivanting about, on the go. n 'W n . See n 'U
    @) 'IJ

    (prison) cell. 61 n n n

    (;1'W' 5'W
    (d~anl,

    A)

    lQugkro:u' N 1. balustrade,

    n ~ ::: Vl'W n .

    railing

    ?an'). 2. the sides of a cage or

    kbb'

    to be filled, to be full. N 1. frog. 2. carpenter's

    pen (i.e. one having upright bars) (d~anl). 3. bar of a balustrade, cage, pen (sti'); in this sense, usually oTI61 n n S i .
    "' 'II

    n'U lD ( i1) kbb' (tua') plane.

    n'U 1lii1~ ( i1) kbb'sajmciajl (tua') plane.

    N carpenter's

    nSbiJ,"Yl

    (5'W) kron' (?an')

    N math. root.

    n sill ( n siil) khtikbb' (chin') N wood shavings.

    karanii' (karanii'), bo- N 1. case,

    ~n'U

    ( ~'W)

    incident. 2. circumstances, causes. ->-Also spelled n sillt.J . NOTE. The spelling n siilt.J

    1Gin'U sajkob'

    to plane.

    n'UgJ kabbd' V 1. to rebel. N 2. rebellion. 3. a rebel. n 1 ~ - - revolt, insurrection, rebellion, rebel, insurgent. ->-Also o

    is considered to be incorrect for this word. It is nevertheless commonly used.


    "' ' 10 1'W n Hl! b'IJ'W'W'W

    revolution. Fl'W-'IJ'U
    ~.

    najkaranii'ch@nncin' in such a case.

    n siil~'V'Il '1'1 karanii'phfpMad' N dispute, controversy.

    'Yl'1n'Uf] tham'kabbd' V to rebel, revolt, stage a revolution. bU'Wn'UgJ pen'kabbd' V to rebel, mutiny, commit treason. '1'11 n n 'Ug;] ( FI'W, '1'11 n) phOagkabbd' (khon', phOag')

    i'W on sill

    phantM? 'karaniil N obligation.

    1 i n 1 s Gf'W TIlil n n~ wo:ukaan'- si!.nthcid'karaniil wellinformed circles, sources.

    n ~&tJ. See note under n ~w.


    n sillt.J '1 boraniijakld' N work that should be done; necessary matters, duties. nslil
    (J'Wiil) krbd' (chanfd')

    N rebels, the rebel faction. n'U1&1 kabaanl N vulg. the head. Sometimes used among intimates without offense; often has a humorous connotation. [f. Camb.) n . 'V'1

    C9J

    N acid.

    n ~ lil n'l:W::: D'W krbd'kammathi!.nl N sulfuric acid. n ~ lil b n ~ 8 krbd'klya' N hydrochloric acid.
    nslil~'WU:l~~~ krbd 1 dinprasiw' N nitric acid.

    koophoo'. Abbrev. for flbiJ,::; n S S :J..J n 1 ~ 'IJ l S 1 'If

    n 1 ~'1'1&1 b~ el'W Civil Service Commission. n.'V'I.


    l!:J

    Abbrev. for

    n:wnli'WS February.
    9

    'W'ln s lil ncimkrbd' N acid (solution).

    "'

    n:w. Abbrev. for

    lll~ b:l-Jlil S kilometer.


    law. Sometimesalso

    Iii Jl1 'W n ~ A saph.ab'krbd' N acidity.


    n s 'W kron' V to snore. n ~ :w ( n s :W) krom', kromma:=: (krom') N 1. depart-

    n.:l-1. Abbrev.forngJVl:l-11t.J for kilometer; see n:l-1 k8m'

    n:w. above.

    1. to bend (over), stoop. 2. to bow

    ment (subdivision of a ministry), bureau; see list on page 4. T 2. rare an element in conferred titles for royalty. -see 1. n s::; n s 11 .

    (the head).

    nl-J n s 1 'W kt:lmkraan' v to prostrate oneself.

    NAMES OF SOME DEPARTMENTS


    n ~ J-Jn 1 ~ "IJ'W&i ~ kromkaan'kht>nsbu' Department

    n ~JJL61'Vin"l

    krom'loohak'\dl Department of Mmes.

    n ~ J.J i'YlfJ 1 A 1 &i ~ ~ krom'wfdthajaasAad' Science

    of Transportation.
    n~J-Jn'l~Fl1~1~i.J~~ ~'YlA
    prath~ed'

    Department. krom'-kaankhcta'tAa:g::::;

    n ~J.JA61i.J 1 n ~ krom'sinlctpaak:J::m' Department of


    Fine Arts.

    Department of Foreign Trade.

    n ~ Jj n 1 ~; 1 Jl1 f) 1'W krom'- kaankhcta'phaajnaj /

    n ~ J.j~ fl n 1 n ~ krom' sunlakaak:J::m' Department of


    Customs.
    n ~ J.J ~A ~ "er~ n 1 ~ krom' s~edthakaan' Department

    Department of Domestic Trade.


    n ~ J-Jn 1 ~IJ
    ~~

    JJ ~ kromkaan'pramou' Department

    of Fisheries.
    n ~J-Jn l HL'W'YlfJ
    krom'kaanph~cd/

    of Economic Affairs. Medical Depart-

    fl~Jj~~ ~&i~J.Jn

    n;1

    krom'-sbus~amlkaankhcfa/

    ment.

    Department of Commercial Enterprise Promotion.


    n ~ J..J6i ~ ~'W&i 1n~n krom'sllnphasllam!d' Excise

    n ~ JJ n 1 ~ f'l1 ~U 1 kromkaan' s~adsanlla' Department


    of Religious Mfai rs.

    Department. Department of Agricul-

    n J JJ ~ n"ei-~ ~
    ture.

    kromkas~ed'

    n ~ J.J&i ~ ~'W 1 n ~ krom'sllnphaak:J:Jn' Revenue


    Department.

    n ~JJFli~ kromkhlau' Treasury Department. n ~JJFI '"J'U~J-Jn l ~ Fl1 krom 1 -khOabkhum'kaankhctal

    n ~J..J&iV!n ~~

    krom'sahhk:J:Jn' Department of

    Cooperatives.
    n ~JJ&i 1 s 1 ~~~'V krom'saathaaranctsttg' Department

    Department of Trade Control.

    n ~ JJ 1~"e}~ 1 n 1 ~ .krom'kh~odsanaakaan' Department of Publicity (now abandoned). -+See n ~ JJ

    of Public Health.

    n~:wGil~blJAn"e!-1 krom'-saaman's~gsa.a' Department of Elementary Education. -+Formerly the --See cross Department of General Education. reference.

    LJ~~v1Gimrws.
    n :lJJ ~ "11'Yl1 krom'cttwthtta' Harbor Department. n ~ JJ"'JSli.J ~ ~ 'Yl1 'W krom' chonprathaan' Irrigation

    Department.
    n ~ J.J~o1 a 'd ~ krom'tamruadl Police Department. n ~ J.J~~a>J krom'thtidin' Department of Lands. n ~ JJlJbljVni>i 1 ~ krom'banchiiklaau' Comptroller-

    n ~ Jj 5f) n 1 ~ krom/?ajjakaan' Department of Public


    Prosecution.

    n~J-JeJlV'dAn"e!-1 krom'-?aachiiwct?'stgsa.a' Department of Vocational Education.


    n ~Jj~~'WfJ:Wi'YlfJ 1 kroml-?ttttmfjom'wfdthajaa/

    General Department.

    n~J.JIJ~:;;"IJ1An"e!-1 krom 1 -prachaa'stgslla 1 Department of Public Schools.


    n ~ J.Ji.J ~:;; "IJ 1 &H ~ F1 ~ 1:;; 'Vi krom'- prachaa' so:gkhr:5?'

    Meteorological Department.

    Public Welfare Department.


    n ~ J.J1J ~:;; "IJ 1 JJ,;''W 6 krom' -prachaa' samphan/

    n ~ J.J n l ~

    ( FlblJ.~ , Vf7l, Flh!)


    '1

    krommakaan/ N 1. ad-

    Public Relations Department. -+Formerly

    ministrative staff of the local government (kha:::: na?/, child/). 2. an official of the local govern-

    n~J-JL~"e!-~1n1~.
    n ~ J.Ji.JA Gi~ 'd~bi.i
    ~

    ~ill 'd'W 1'Vf'W:;;

    krom'pasusAd' lcsAdl::::;

    ment (khon/).

    -Chiefly in compounds.

    phaahancf? / Animal Husbandry Department.

    n ~ JJJ 11~ krompaamciajl Forestry Department.


    n ~ Jj li.J

    o n~:wnl~~~Vfi'f7l krommakaan/cauwad/ N 1. the administrative staff of a changwat. 2. a provincial official who is a member of this staff. o n ~ J.J n l ~ eJol 6Jl eJ krommakaan/?amph88/ N 1. the administrative staff of an amphoe. 2. a district official who is a member of this staff.
    n ~J.J'tl'Vfl
    d
    ~

    ~"e!-illfJ"'hn ~ 61"/J

    krom' -prajsanii/thooral~eg'

    Post and Telegraph Department.

    n~J.J'WSlAn"e!-1 krom'phalcis~gsaa' Physical Education Department.

    n ~ JJ'W fin 1 sment.


    n ~ JJJJV!1

    krom'-phfthiilkaan' Protocol Depart-

    Vll 'Yl fJ

    krom' mahAadthajl Department of

    the Interior, a department of the Ministry of the Interior.


    n ~ J.j LfJ 61 ~ 'YlA'U 161 krom/- joothaa'th~edsabaan'

    ( n ~J.J)

    kromthah.1an/ (krom/)

    m i 1 it. regiment.

    Department of Public Works.

    n ~ d-JV!d-11-J krommam)ryn/ T r a r e a conferred title


    for royalty. 6 ~ l n ~ d-1
    ( Flh!) c~wkrom/ (khon/)

    n ~ JJ ~ b1l ~ kromr6dfaj/ State Railways Organization .


    n ~ J.J s 1 "I.Irl~'fl

    .,

    krom 1

    r~adchathan' Penitentiary

    N the head of

    Department.
    n ~ Jj L ~ ~ ~ 1'1.!~ ~ &i 1Vln ~ HJ krom'- roouuaanl?ud::::;

    a department.

    saahakam' Department of Factories.


    n ~ Jj Liil 'V 1S n 1 ~ Fl~~

    n ~ d-16 ~ ~ d-1

    ( 'U 'QtJ'U) krommathan/ (baj 1 , chaoob/)

    i': JJ'W~ ~

    krom' -leekhllath!kaanl::::;

    N 1 it. loan contract.

    kham1rc1dthamontrii 1 Department of the SecretaryGeneral to the Council of Ministers.

    n ~ d-16 ~ ~ J-J'IJ ~ ~ rlh!Jlt.J krommathan/ -prakan/phaj/


    N 1 it. insurance policy.

    a'

    5
    n~~ln~

    ( b6l:W)

    kankraj' (l~m') N eleg. scissors.

    -variant forms are -Syn. l9l~ln~


    6CJ

    n ~ ~ ll91 ~ 'rlkll n~ 'rl'W ll91 ~

    n ~ ~ :w'iklo kammaphan' l :1 Afl ~ ~ :w'iklo"' ( eJ ~ 1 ~


    (j~an',

    N heredity. , VcW ~l ) reog'kammaphan'

    com.

    chan!d')

    N hereditary disease.

    1 n~ ~ l jaws.

    n ~ ( "CJ 1 ~) khaakankraj' (khttan') N the

    fl?! ~ ~11 ~ fl kammawaa'cbg' N gram. passive voice.

    n ~ ~ JJ 1S kammawfthii' N 1. ceremonial procedure.


    2. tech. process.

    n ~ ~ l9l n 1 ~ n kantukaa'r6g' N gram. nominative


    9

    case.

    n ~ ~~~11f

    kammasld' N 1. ownership. 2. monopoly.

    n ~ ~ l9111 ~ n kantuwaa'cog' N gram. active voice. 9 n ~ ~ ll91 ~ kantraj'. Variant of n ~ ~ l n ~.


    fl ~ ~ JJ ( eHJ 1 ~ ) kam' (jaa:n')

    3. right, copyright.

    n ~ ~ ~ 16 n 1 s , A6lb~-- kammaa'th!kaan', khanakam::::


    maa'thfkaan' N committee; commission .
    fl?! 1 fJI
    ( fl eJ'W, 6 d-J ~1)

    N 1. deeds. 2. sin.

    3. misfortune, karma. 4. gram. object of a verb.

    ...

    kruad'

    (k~:Jn', m~d')

    N pebbles,

    gravel.
    0 ...

    neJ n ~ ~ JjrJ 1 b"CJbl)


    crimes.
    ~

    k~:Jkam'thamkhen'

    e 1 a b.

    neJ -w n ~ 1 ~
    n ?I 1 tJ
    (

    ( neJ'W)

    k~:Jnkruad'

    (k5:Jn')

    N small

    colloq. to cause trouble, do evil, commit

    stones, pebbles, gravel.

    n ~ 1 tJ, ;'kl)
    v

    kruaj' (kruajl, ?an')

    N funnel,

    8 ~ b1 ~

    ~ tJ ~

    fl ~ ~ JJ (

    l9J

    eJ) C:J:Jt)lweeni-C:J:Jt)lkaml:::::;

    cone.

    (t~:J::::)

    V 1. to hold a grudge (against). 2. to

    n ~ fJ
    fl ~

    kr:J:J/
    ~11

    to spin (thread, yarn). V 1. to wind a. skein of thread

    seek revenge.
    6~ 1 n~
    ~

    tJ kr:J:Jdttaj I

    JJ cttwkam' V 1. to be unlucky, unfortu-

    or yarn onto a spool. 2. to wind thread or yarn into a skein.

    nate. sV 2. darned. E 3. Darn it alll (mild swear word). l911 JJ'UbU l911 Jj n ~ 9"'
    ~ Jj

    n ~ enrkl kr:J:Jfan' v to drill a tooth.


    taambun'taamkam' letting na-

    ns-un

    kr:,:Jgl v 1. to fill with; to pour into. 2. to fill, fill out, fill in (a blank form, an application). -Also
    l9l S" ufl.
    I

    ture take its course, leaving it to fate.

    ~ ~ 66 nns ~ JJ thyn'keekam' e 1 e g. to pass away,


    die.
    cW ~

    - S y n. l9l 1 tJ

    c o m. 1 a w. juristic act, legal act. N 1. sin. V 2. to be sinful. N retribution (for one's

    'W fJI n S"


    c:u

    ufl VI ( 11 ) c:u

    ph(lud'kr:,:Jghuu'(w~a')

    1. to talk

    n~ :1 JJ nft l kam' N LJ 1'll n :1 ~ JJ baab'kam'


    B-J

    into a person's ear. 2. to drop a hint or make a complaint which is intended for the ears of a particular person present.
    n?! eJ
    ~

    6i n :1 ~ JJ phonlakam'

    evil deeds).

    kr:J:JJJ' v filtration.

    to filter, strain.
    6 A~
    d
    G

    n 1 ~-- c hem.

    rl.J n :1 :1 Jj
    6 1 :1

    rab'kam' v

    to receive a punishrnent

    - -

    filter.

    or penalty.

    :1 8 tJ n :1 iJ

    r:5:Jjkr:J:Jt)' v 1. to string, thread. 2.

    n:1 :1 JJ

    ween'kam' N 1. fate, misfortune (as

    to compose verse. N 3. verse.

    a result of karma). E 2. excl. expressing one's feelings toward some misfortune, ill fate, bad luck.
    n :1:1 J-Jfl ~ ( A'W) kammak:J:Jn' (khonl)

    ~ ~ n :1 tJ ~
    n :1 iJ'W n :1 u'U
    C9:> (

    s lJJkr:J:JJJ' N c hem. filtrate. V to be worn away, eroded.


    t.J'U, eJkl) kr:,:Jb' (kr:,:Jb', ?an')

    kr~n'*

    n~

    N frame.

    N 1. laborer,

    n ~ el'U
    d

    lJ kr~:Jb/

    to be crisp. i mit. a crackling sound.

    worker. 2. unskilled labor.


    n :1:1 J-Jfl 1:1

    n ?I iJ'U 66 n ~ 'U

    kr~:Jbkreeb'

    ( AW, Ablb~, 6(]01) kammakaan' N 1. com9

    'VIJJ n ~ j'IJ mlikr~:Jb' N crisp fried noodles (with

    mittee member (khon'). 2. committee, commission (khana?l, chad'). Flblba:- fl ~ SJJ fl 1 S ( A6lb~ , 6(] ~~) khanakammakaanl
    9

    pork or meat) (a Thai dish).


    fl?! l.J'U m in
    ~ 'W fl ~

    u'U

    con'kr~:Jbl

    V colloq. to be

    extremely poor.

    (khana? ', chud')

    N committee, commission. N gram. accusative

    n :1 eJ J-J kr:J:Jm' V (cloth) to hang down to, cover.


    o

    n :1 :Jd-Jfl 1 ~ n kammakaa'r6g'

    ~ ~ n:1 ~ 1'll ~ ~ n :1 iJJ_J 6;(1


    9

    nfiJJkraprooJJ'-kr:J:Jm'::::

    case. If item is not found under

    thaaw' to wear a floor-length skirt, to wear a

    n ?J ~-

    see

    n ~-

    '6CJ-

    skirt so that it covers the feet. o


    I

    N rear window {of a car).


    I

    ;1'\.JL;~n~e:J:W~'W ph~apuut6?1-kr;:,;:,mlphyyn'
    CIJ

    6i eJ ~ n ~ ~ ~ n
    n~

    s~ukracog'

    v 1. to look into a mirror.


    N chevrotain (small

    the tablecloth hangs down to the floor.

    2. to look through a lens.

    n ~ eJ tJ n~ ~
    ~

    kr~j I*

    V 1. to be flat, tasteless, brackish.

    ~ ~ ~ ( &11)

    kracou' (tua')
    'Wn n ~ ~ ~ e:Jn

    2. to be uninteresting, dull.
    (9)

    deerlike ruminant).
    n ~ ~ ~ e:Jn in ( &11) n6gkrac:,;)g' (tua')

    kra?l N spots, freckles.


    togkr~?/

    nn ~ ~
    l.J (

    v to be freckled.
    (phnl, tua') N 1. scale

    N sparrow.
    'W n n ~ ~ ~ 8 n 6rlrl

    n~

    ll~'W, &11) kr~?/

    ( &11) n6gkrac:,;)g'th~ed 1 (tua')

    of the hawksbill turtle, used to make combs, knife handles, eyeglass frames, etc. (ph8n'). 2. short for l ~ 1 n ~ ~ .
    l ~1n~
    Q..l

    N ostrich.

    n~ ~ ~ ~
    N hawksbill, a

    krac~d'

    V 1. to scatter, disperse. 2. to

    ( &11) d1wkra?l (tua')

    drive out. 3. to be scattered, dispersed.

    kind of spotted sea turtle.

    n 1 ~-ment.
    Q..l

    scattering, expulsion;

    ph y s. displace-

    n ~ ~ - kra::;. Frequent initial syllable, often interchangeable with

    n~-

    ka::;, sometimes with

    "CJ-

    n ~ ~ ~ ~ n ~ ~ ~ 1 tJ n ~ ~ ~'U
    ( &11)

    krac~dlkracaaj I

    V to be scattered.

    kha::;. Look under these latter spellings for items not found below.
    I

    krac~b' (tua') N variety of water

    chestnut (Trapa bicornis, T. bispinosa).

    n ~ ~ ~ n ( 'U 1'W, UBJ'W) kracog' N 1. mirror (baan').

    n ~ ~ ~ 1
    n~ ~ ~ 1 ~

    ( eJ'W)

    krac~a' (?ani) N a shallow coconut-

    2. plate of glass, e.g. a window-pane (phen').


    I

    shell ladle with a wooden handle.


    krac~atJ'

    3. lens (phen').
    n ~ ~ ~ n "CJ tJ 1 tJ
    (

    ~comp.

    3.

    661'W.

    to be clear, bright.

    ~'W , 'U 1 'W ) kracog'khajaaj' N 1.

    n ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ( 1'U) kracaad' {baj') N a deep tray or


    basket made of bamboo or rattan.

    magnifying glass (?an'). 2. magnifying mirror (?an', baan').


    n ~ ~ ~ n l '~ 1 ( 66BJ 'W ''U 1 'W) kracbg'uaw' (ph8n 1,

    n ~ ~ ~ 1'\J in

    'W nn ~

    ~ ~ 1'\J ( &11) n6gkrac~ab' (tua')

    N rice bird, weaverbird (Ploceidae and other families).

    baan')

    N mirror.

    n~~~n~1 (eJ'W) kracog'taa' (?an') N anat.


    cornea.
    n ~ ~ ~ n'W'W
    cu

    n ~ ~ ~ 1 tJ kracaaj' V to scatter, spread, broadcast.

    n ~ ~ ~ 1 tJ 6 ~tJ ~ kracaajsiau' v to broadcast (on


    ( 66BJ'W, 'U 1'W) kracog'nuun' N 1. con-

    the radio). o 1'YltJ n ~ ~ ~ 1 tJ 6 ~tJ ~ w!dthaju?lkracaajsiau' N 9 radio broadcast.


    ~

    vex mirror (ph8n', baan'). 2. convex lens (ph8n').


    I

    n ~ ~ ~ n ~ 1 ( 66BJ'W, 'U TW) kracoglf~al (ph8n', baan')

    ~~

    n~ ~ ~ 1 tJ

    flitJ'kracaaj'

    ph y s. to diffuse. N

    N frosted glass, opaque glass.


    '-'

    n ~ ~ ~'U

    in 'W nn ~ ~ ~'U

    ( &11) n6gkraclb' (tua')

    n ~ ~ ~ n 61 1

    ( UBJ'W, 'U 1'W)

    kracbg'waw 1 N 1. con-

    general name for various families of small birds, e.g. warblers (Sylviidae), etc.

    cave mirror (phn', baan'). 2. concave lens (phn').


    I

    n ~ ~ ~ n kracug' c 1. bunch, clump, tuft. 2. lump,


    kracog'n~a'

    n ~ ~ ~ n'Vl'W 1 ( 66BJ'W, 'U 1'W)

    N 1. wind-

    mass. N 3. idem. Rarely used as a noun; when so used, its elf. is ( n ~ ~ ~ n ) .


    6 ~'W n ~

    shield (phn'). Short for n ~ ~ ~ n 'Vl'W 1 ~

    "'

    ~.

    2.

    lens of a headlight, floodlight, etc. (phn'). 3. front mirror (baan').


    n~
    ~ ~

    ~ ~ n penkracug' 1. in bunches, bunched


    9

    together, bunched up. 2. in a mass, in lumps. r6d' (phn')

    n'Vl'W 1 ~

    ( LbBJ'W)

    kracbg'n~a'-

    n ~ ~ ~ n n ~ ~ ~ n kracug'kraclg' v to be trifling, in9

    '-'

    N windshield.
    n ~ ~ ~ n'Vl~~

    ~Also

    n~

    ~ ~

    n'Vl'W 1 .
    9

    significant, petty.

    ( 'U 1'W) kracog'lau' (baan') N rear-

    n ~ ~ ~ J.J n ~ ~ ~;w kracum'krac 1m' v to be delicate,


    lovely.

    view mirror.
    n ~ ~ ~ n'Vl~~ ~ ~ ( 66BJ'W) kracbg'l~tJ'- r6d 1 (phn 1 )
    If item is not found under

    n ~ ~ 1~ 'W kracoon'

    to plunge, leap, jump (at).

    n ~ ~ - ' see n ~ - ' "(J -

    -Also

    L~'W.

    hard, blow in gusts. N 1. tent, pavil-

    na~ L~:W

    ( ~i~) kracoom' (lau')

    n~~~n

    in

    v'r1

    b~1~~eJn~~enn huar6?1-t~J'krasfg'

    ion. V 2. (clothing) to cover.

    to giggle, to laugh merrily.


    n a~ eU'U kras fb' V to whisper.

    n~ ~ 1~ :w1'W

    ( ~i~

    , bb~~)
    v

    kracoomfaj' (lau', heu')

    -s y n.

    eU'U~'U 'l

    N lighthouse.

    n a ~~'Un ~ ~eU1'U ( rl'W) krasfb'kras.ab'(kan')

    v
    eU'UeV'U.
    9

    na~~ EJ n
    Q.l

    krach~Jgl

    (liquid} to spill, splash out.

    to be whispering (to each other). -Syn.

    n a~ ~'Un

    ~ ~

    b ~~ krachab'kracheeu' V to be active,

    lively.
    n a ;;:;VeJ'W ( eJ'W, n s ~v ~'W) krachJJn' (?an', krachJJn')

    n ~ ~ b.:u'W n~ ~ beU 1
    'I./

    krasen' krasaw'

    v v

    {a liquid) to splash, be splashed. to tease. penkraS88tJ/ (the hair)

    n ~ ~ beU ~ as in

    b~'W n S ~ beU ~

    N strainer, sieve (for straining liquids).

    to stand out from the head, stick out in all directions (as when mussed, windblown, too thick, too curly).

    na~ J'W

    krachan'

    to be very close to, in close

    succession with, on the heels of.

    na~~'U krachab'

    1. to be tight, tight-fitting. 2.

    nS;;:; ~ n
    n S ~; ~
    n ~ ~ ~ eJ ~

    krad~g'

    V to move one end up or down, as

    to be stringent. 3. to tighten, fasten firmly, draw or pull tightly together. 4. to make stringent.

    a lever.
    ( 1'U, Sl n) krad6tJ' (bajl, lO.ug')
    cu

    N a large,

    flat, round tray, made of bamboo.

    na~v1 n

    krach~ag'

    v 1. to drag off (as by the arm),


    V to drag, drag off

    ( n s ~ ~ eJ ~ )

    kradJJu' (kradJJu') N carapace,

    drag off by force. 2. to jerk away, to yank.


    ~~na~V1n
    9

    shell (of crustaceans).

    chbd'krach~ag'

    n a~~ GIJ

    kradJJnl V to bounce, bounce up, ricochet.

    by force.

    n ~ ~ ~ 1 n' --1 ~'-- eJ 1 tJ krad~agl, krad~agcajl, kra=.


    N a kind of herb whose roots daag?aaj' V 1. to be shy, bashful. 2. to be ashamed. A 'd 1 :W-na~~1~ .

    na;; 6(1 1 tJ

    krachaaj I

    are used in cooking (e.g. Kaempferia pandurata).


    l?l'W-( l?l'W) the plant.

    bashfulness, shyness.

    See

    n ~ ~ ~~ 1 n ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ .
    0

    na~v
    9
    I

    (Sl n, 1'U) cu

    krachd?l (lO.ug', baj')

    N a deep

    n ~;;:; ~ 1 ~ krad.au' V 1. to be hard, rigid, unbending,


    unyielding. 2. to be hard (of water). 3. to be obstinate, unyielding (of people). 4 .. to be harsh, coarse, crude. -Syn. 1.
    I

    bamboo basket for holding cotton, charcoal, etc.

    na ~v:wn a~ V'd tJ 9

    krachO.m'krachuaj'

    to be vigor-

    ous, spry, robust.

    bb6(J~.

    fft

    -Ant. See

    na~ b J1

    (1'U)

    krachaw' (baj')

    N a basket of bain-

    tJ:W.

    boo or rattan used especially for flowers or fruit.

    n~ ~ ~ 1 ~ n s ~
    n a~~ 1'W

    b ~ eJ ~

    krad.au'kradyau'

    1. to be

    rebellious. 2. to be unyielding.
    ( bb~'W)

    n ~;; bb V ~ ( ~ 'W) kracheeu' (phyyn') N removable


    convex roofing sheet for boat transporting grain. Often made of thatch.

    kradaan' (phf:n')

    N 1. board. C

    2. elf. for a game (i.e. a single contest) of chess, of checkers. 3. elf. for a chessboard.
    I

    ns ~ 1vn ( b eJ 1,
    ka=.,

    b eJ 1 n'U,

    1;)

    krachaog'(?aw', ?aw=.

    n a~ ~11 'W V'W 1 'W

    ( bb~ 'W)

    kradaanchanuan' (phen 1)

    h~j I, h~j=.)

    V 1. to be abrupt and force-

    N slate (for writing on).


    n ~ ~ ~ 1'W~11 ( bb~'W)

    fully emphatic (in manner, esp. in speech}. 2. to be abrupt with, to treat brusquely. 3. (a dog) to bark, bark at.

    kradaandam'

    (ph~n')

    N black-

    board.
    0

    bblJ a~ ~'Una~~ 1'W~o1

    ( eJ'W) preeu'l6bkradaandam 1

    n ~ ~ Lvn n a~ 6(] 1 n krach6oglkrach.ag'. See mngs.


    1 and 2 under n ~ ~ LV n .
    n ~ ~ 1 n 1e1 n e11 n krach6og'h6ogh~ag'

    (?ani)

    N blackboard eraser.
    d
    I

    n S ~ ~ 1'W bSl'WASl'W

    ( bb~'W)
    d

    kradaan'l~nkhl9Yn' (ph~n')

    to be

    N surfboard.
    n a~~ 1'W~n ( bb~'W ''Yl' eJ'W)
    Q.l

    harsh, rough, crude, brusque (in manner, esp. in speech} .

    kradaanhbgl

    {ph~n/,

    thti',

    ? an')

    N seesaw.
    ( n ~ ~ ~ 1'W' bb~'W)

    kradaanm~agn1g'

    .W~n a~ 1vn phad'krach6og' V (the wind} to blow


    If item is not found under

    n ~ ~ ~ 1'W~:W 1 n ~ n

    n~ ~ - ,

    see

    n~ - , 6(J -

    (kradaanl, phenl)
    I

    N chessboard. N wooden

    n ~ ~ ~ n 'H 1 ~ kradlglhaa:o /

    to wag the tail.

    ~ 1 n ~ ~ l1i 1 'W

    ( 66eJ 'W) faakradaanl (phenl)

    n ~ ~ [11 nn s ~ ~n
    'l

    kraduglkradlg/

    to wiggle, fidget,

    wall, wooden partition of a room.


    'H'W! n ~~A 1'W n.akradaan/ N m i 1 it. rank, line.
    0

    squirm.

    n ~ ~ ~ ~ ( 1'U) kradl:o/ (bajl) N 1. small bell, usually


    one rung by hand. 2. doorbell.

    6 ~ lJ ~ 'H'W 1 n ~ ~ [11 1 'W ria:oln~akradaan/

    m i 1 it.

    to fall in, form troops in line.


    n ~~A

    n ~~A

    in

    lJ ~ 1 n ~~A

    ( ~ 1 ) plaakradlil (tual)

    Q,/

    1~

    ( 66~'W, 1Jn,

    ~:w, ~d-J, nS1 8 ~, ~1'W) krad~ad/


    1

    gourami (esp. Trichogaster), a kind of small fresh-water fish.

    N paper (phnl for a sheet; pygl for a stack; rim/, riiml for a ream; kE:rgl for a box, as of stationery; muanl for a roll). [f. Port.]
    n ~~A 1~n ~ 8 ~ krad~adkr"J'Jt)l

    n ~ ~ ~'U
    n ~~A d-1,
    'l

    kradyY-b/ V to crawl, move very slowly.

    n ~ ~ ~ n n s ~ ~ n See under
    ~

    n~ ~ ~ n .
    (m~d/)

    N c hem. filter

    cu

    n- -

    "' ~l) ( 6d-J

    kraduml, lOugkradum/
    ~d-J, ~ n ~d-J.

    paper.

    N button. -Also

    n ~ ~ ~~1~; t.JLJ'if
    [;
    n ~;;:; l1i

    krad~adk~bpti/

    N carbon paper.

    n~ An S ~A :W
    9

    Q,/

    kl~d/kradum/

    V to button.

    f01J~
    1~66n

    f. Eng. copy]
    1
    krad~adk~ew/

    ;~ n ~ ~ bld-J ( i'~) 9
    N 1. cellophane. 2. -Also

    ra:okradum/ (ra:o/) N buttonhole.

    tracing paper.
    n ~~A 1~ 6 ~lJ'W ~ vl'Hd-J 1ll kradaadkhiancodmaaj/ N

    n ~~~in ( ~'W, ~'W) kradtlug/ (?an/, chfn/) N 1. bone cu


    (of person, animal, but not of fish). V s 1 a ng 2. (a problem) to be difficult, hard. 3. to be stingy. - D i s t. 1.
    n ~~An t'Wvr~~
    ~

    i'~ ~I:W. 9

    writing paper, stationery.

    "' ~ n ~~A 1~666(1

    kradaadkh:o/ N cardboard, card

    n1 ~

    paper, stiff paper.

    kraduuglsanla:ol N vertebra, backkradhugl- h~j lplaarctal N the

    n ~~A 1 ~V 1 ~ ~
    n ~~A 1~ bVA ;'W

    kradaadchamni? I

    N e 1 e g. toilet
    n~

    bone, spine.

    paper. -syn. See next entry.

    kradaad/ch~dkan/

    ~An 1'HLJ ~ 1 ~v 1 '\J

    N c

    m. toilet

    clavicle, collarbone.

    paper. NOTE. This term is used among intimates only; otherwise elegant terms such as

    n ~ ~ ~ n eJ t.J'W kraduug/?~'Jn/ N cartilage.


    rickets.
    "-"

    L~A-

    n ~;;:;A 1~V1 ~ ~

    , n ~~A 1~~'W 1 JJlJ are used.

    66(1 1 n ~~An l111 kh.wkradtlugldam/ to be deep- seated,


    cu

    n ~~A 1~if''U krad~adsctb/ N blotter, blotting paper.

    ingrained, firmly entrenched.

    eJ lJ 1 ~ --

    deeply,

    n~~A 1 ~~'U n kradaaddiibug/


    9

    N tin foil. N sandpaper.

    in the extreme, extremely (esp. of hating).


    LA ~ ~ n ~;;:;An
    cu

    n ~~A

    1~'tl ~

    1lJ

    krad~adsaaj/

    ( -w)

    eJ

    khroo:okraduugl (?an/)

    n ~~A 1~'Y'l1 ~

    krad~adfaa:o/

    N an absorbent straw

    skeleton.

    paper made by the Chinese, used chiefly as toilet paper.


    Q,/

    u~ ~ ifn~n n ~~til n ch~enchaglhagkraduug/ v cu


    curse vehemently.

    to

    n~~~l1~eJ'W1:WlJ

    kradaadl-?anaalmaj/ N eleg.
    c::
    q_,.

    ~ ~ 1'W n ~~An fa:olnajkraduug/ V to become a habit, CjJ


    be deeply ingrained.

    toilet paper. -syn.

    n~~A1~6'tfAn'W

    com.

    n~;;:;011~~~lGf16'W1 kradaadl-?ad/samnaw/ N 1.
    carbon paper. 2. (mimeograph) stencil paper, any duplicating paper.
    '1/
    ~

    n ~;;:; b ~'W' - -1 tJ

    kraden/, kraden/paj/

    1. to glance

    off, bounce off, fly off, splash. 2. to be thrown off. 3. to throw off, fling aside, knock aside.

    'H'W 1 n ~ ~

    [11 1~

    ( 'Vr'W 1 n ~ ~ [11

    1~'

    'H'W 1)

    n~akradaad/

    n ~ ~ 6 ~ lJ ~~ n ~ ~ 6 ~ lJ bl
    o

    <9J

    krad'l ad/ V to carry against the hip or

    (n.akradaadl, n.a/) N 1. page (of a book, newspaper, letter). C 2. page, pages (ref. to the length of written materials such as letters, authors' manuscripts, etc.).
    I

    the waist (as a basket).


    l.J, - -

    ~ ~ kradladl, kradlad/ ca::: AA be

    disposed toward, tend to be; rather, somewhat.

    66(J1n~~ 6~lJA~~ 6cU'WA'W~Ld-JL'Vl


    tempered man.

    khawkradlad/-

    n ~ ~ Ao1n ~~A 1 ~ kradam/krad~a:o/ V to be discolored.

    capenkhonlkhtimoohool He tends to be a hot-

    n~ ~ ~ n

    kradlg/ V to wag, wiggle, move, motion.


    If item is not found under

    n~ ~ - ,

    see

    n~ - , 6(1-

    n ~;::;
    fl

    b~

    eJ n

    kradyag'

    to swallow forcibly, with

    n~;::;IJ11n.

    effort.
    cu

    n ~;::; 611 ~ ( 1'U) krath.:1au' (baj') N 1. earthen flower-

    nn ~;::;
    6 ~ eJ ~
    d

    6~

    eJ n ( ~ n) cu

    lQugkradyag' (Hlug')
    d

    N the

    pot. 2. metal pot for burning incense sticks.

    Adam's apple.

    n ~;::; L61'W ( 1LJ ) krathbon' (baj I) N spittoon.


    6 ~ eJ ~ under

    n ~;::;

    See

    n ~;::; ~ 1 ~ n ~ ;: ;

    n ~ ;: ; f911 ~ .

    n ~;::; rH

    kratho:n' C l. a count (in an indictment).

    ( eJtJ) kradoou' (?an') N mast. 6 ~ 1 n ~;::; L!J1 ~ ( 6 ~ 1) sawkradoou' (saw') N mast. n ~;::; 11J1 ~ kradood' v 1. to jump, leap. 2. to hop.
    -Also

    n ~;::; L~ ~

    2. a section, clause (of a text).

    n ~;::; 11 ~A 1 1 JJ kratho:n'khwaam' N 1. sense, meaning. 2. an aspect of a matter. o 'VfJJ ~ 61 eJ tJ n ~;::; 11 ~A 1 1 JJ


    mod'th~j'- kratho:n'khwaam'

    L~~

    <9).

    n ~;::; L!J1 lJIJ1


    water.

    kradoodnaam'

    to jump into the

    exhaustively, in every detail.

    n ~ ~ 11 ~

    lJ

    1LJ)

    krathou' (baj ')

    N small fruit tray

    n ~;::; 1~ 1J1 1(;i ~~ 6 ;'W kradood'-l~od't~n' v to hop


    and skip about (merrily, as children do).

    made of banana leaves, paper, etc.

    n ~;::; fl'U krath6b' V 1. to strike, strike against, bump


    against, collide with. 2. to touch on. 3. to concern, affect.

    n ~;::; L~ ~ ~;::; 'V'l1 'W kradood' saphaan' V to jump off


    a bridge.

    n1 ~ - -

    clash, collision; impact.

    n ~;::; l~1 ( n ~ ~ l~) kradaj' (kradaj') N com. 1.


    stairs, stairway. 2. ladder. eleg. -Syn. tJ'Wl~

    n ~;::; 11LJ n ~;::; 6 ~ tJ 'U krath6b'krathtab' V to insinuate,


    be sarcastic.

    n ~;::; 11LJ n ~;::; 6 ~ eJ'W krath6b'krathyan' V 1. to affect,


    ) krat:5Jb' (lau')
    ~
    Q./

    n ~;::; ~ eJ'U ( 'Vffl ~

    N shack, hut. N

    stir, move, shake, have an impact on. 2. to be shaken.


    A1 1 d.J- -

    n ~;::; ~ 1

    in cw nn ~;::; iJ1 1 ( l9l 1 )

    n6gkratG.a' (tua')

    effect, influence, impact.

    cockatoo (Kakatoe). [

    n ~;::; iJ1 1

    f. Mal.]

    n ~;::; 11LJ ~ ~ krath6b'thyu::: to touch on, concern, affect.


    o 'V'l !J1 n ~;::; 11LJ ~ ~ phQud 1 krath6b'-thyu::: to speak
    cu

    n ~;::; ~ 1 n krataag' i mit. hen's n ~;::; IJ11 tJ ( i1) krataaj' (tua')

    cackle. N 1. rabbit, hare.

    insinuatingly about, insinuate (something) about.

    2. a coconut grater, in its primitive form consisting of a small bench with a toothed metallic blade attached to one end.

    n ~;::; 11 ~ 1 ~

    ( n ~;::; 11 ~ 1 ~ ) krasuau' (krasuau') N min-

    istry (of the government). NOTE. The hierarchical structure of the Thai government is as

    vrn ~;::; ~ 1 tJ cu

    ( eJ'W, 'Vf) huukrataaj' (?an', huu')


    cu

    follows: n ~;::; 11 ~ d ~ (within a ministry); ment);

    ministry; n ~ Jj department
    neJ~

    1. bow tie. 2. bowknot.

    division (of a depart-

    n ~;::; ~ n ( 1LJ) kratlg' (baj') N 1. jug (for water).


    2. canteen. 3. thermos bottle.

    66t:J'Wn

    subdivision (of a division). -See

    also 11LJ 1 ~ .

    n ~ ~ ~ eJ ~ eJ ~ 'W kratyy'ryyr6n' V to be anxious, enthusiastic, eager, hasty, in a rush.


    NAMES OF THE MINISTRIES
    n ~ i:: 't1 S 1 ~ n Sl

    n ~ ~ ~ n kratug' V to pull suddenly, to pull with


    9

    '11 Vl:W

    krasua:n"kalaah~om' Ministry

    of Defense.

    jerks, to jerk.

    n ~ ~ 't1 ~ '"J ~ n ~~)A 6i ~ krasua:n'kaankhla:n' Ministry


    of Finance. Short form: n ~ ~ 't1 ~ 1 Hl~~.

    n ~ ~ ~'W kratOn' V 1. to hit, strike. 2. to stimulate,


    incite. 3. to urge, encourage. impulse.
    ~ ~

    n 1 ~-- ph y s.

    n S ~ 't1 ~ 'J ~ n l
    form:

    Hll ~ 'U ~ ~ b 'tlfi krasua:nl-kaanlt~a:n::

    prath@edl Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Short


    n~:::'YI~'dHnnJ~~b'tlfi.

    n ~;::; 6~'W
    n~ ~
    ~

    in

    'W nn ~ ~ 6!Jl'W ( iJ1 d )


    &'

    Q./

    n6gkraten' (tua')

    n ~ ~ 'Wi 1 ~ n'l H~ 151 Hll.~ 'IJ krasua:n'- kaanl saa'thaa::


    ramtstlg' Ministry of Public Health. Short form:
    ns~rJ~'dH~1S1Hll.~'f.J.

    N kingfisher (Alcedinidae ).
    6 ~ eJ ~ ' -- 6(J'W

    krat9au 1 , krat9au'kh9n'

    to im-

    n s ~ 't1 ~ d ~ n 1 ~ ~ j;] 611Vln s s :w krasua:n'- kaanl?bdsaal::


    h~kam'

    prove, get better.

    Ministry of Industry. Short form:


    ~

    n~ ~ 1~ nn ~;::; IJ11 n

    kratoog'krataag'

    co 11 o q. to

    ns~rJS1~8j;]!i11vrnss:w.

    n~i::'tlS'd~bn~~~.ns~'tlS'd~bn~j;]SlSn1s krasua:n'::
    kas~edl, krasua:n'kas~ed'traath!kaan'

    make a noise about something (which ought to be kept quiet); to spill the beans. -co mp.

    Ministry

    of Agriculture.

    If item is not found under

    n ~;::;-, see

    n;::;-, 6(J-.

    10
    n ~ ::'Yl ~ d ~ Fl:l.J'W 1Fl:l.J krasuau"khommanaa"khom"

    ~ ~ 11'W~'W

    krathanhanl V to be sudden, abrupt.


    - - ,

    Ministry of Communication.
    n ~ ::: 'Yl ~ 'd ~ Fl

    i~

    eJ

    ~1~

    L~ tJ - -

    abruptly. krathaalchaajl (naajl, khonl)

    krasua:g "khla:g " Short form of

    n ~:: 'Yl ~ 'd ~ n 1 ~ r16i~, Ministry of Finance. n ~ :: 'Yl ~ 'd ~ in 1 ~ 'lJ ~ :: L'Yl A krasua:g "th.a:gprath@ed".

    n ~ ~ 111 V1 tJ

    ( 'W 1 tJ, Fl'W)

    N archaic a man.
    n ~ ~ 111

    Short form of n ~:: 'Yl ~ d ~ n 1 Hl1 ~'\.J ~:: L'YIA Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
    n ~:: 'Yl ~ 'd nnfi.vtl

    . krasua:g/phaan!d/

    krathaml v

    e 1 e g., 1 it. to perform, to do.

    Ministry of

    n 1 ~-- deed, act, action; behavior (i.e. physical behavior of a material). o n 1 ~ LJ ~ ~ Vd-J'W ~ ~ n ~ ~ 111 n 'W 11 n ~ 9 9
    ~
    0

    Commerce {now abandoned).


    n ~:: r1 ~ 1 ~ :w'H1 ~ 1'Yltl krasuau"mahAadthaV Ministry

    -s y n.
    ~

    111

    com.

    a/

    l 11'W i

    kaanpra::;

    of the Interior.
    n ~:: 'Yl ~ d ~ ~ ~ 6 ~ ~ :l.J krasuau"JI1dtitham/ Ministry

    chumln:fil cakrathamkanlthtikru:gth~ebl ~ They will hold (i.e. conduct) this meeting in Bangkok.
    n ~ ~ rt1n 1 ~ Fl1

    of Justice.
    n ~::: 'Yl ~ 1 ~ 11il'W 6 ~ ~ :l.J krasua:g/w~dthaMtham" Min-

    krathamlkaanklutal to do business.

    istry of Culture {now abandoned).


    n ~::r~~ 1 ~f1n~1sn 1 ~

    krasuau"s~gs~a"th!kaan"

    n ~ ~ rt1~ ~ krathamlphldl to do wrong, make a


    mistake.

    Ministry of Education.
    n ~ :: 'Yl ~ d ~ LA ~ ~~ n 1 ~ krasua:g/ s~ed/thakaan/

    n~~'Yf1Jl[?]I7Jfl~ krathamlphadtakldl eleg. sacer.


    to eat.
    n ~ ~ rt1~[?] tJ

    Ministry of Economics.
    n~::'Yl~'dH1'Hn~t:ll.

    krasua:g/sahAk:xm/ Ministry

    -s y n.
    0'

    See n'W

    com.

    of Cooperatives.
    n ~:: 'Yl ~ d ~ ~ 1 6 1 ~ t:JI,~ 'tl krasuau" s~a/thaaran~sbg/.

    krathamlsadl

    e 1 e g. to vow.

    Short form of n ~::: 'Yl ~ d ~ n 1 ~ ~ l 6 1 ~t:JI,~ 'tl Ministry of Public Health.

    n ~ ~ ri ~ n ~ ~ ri ~

    <9),

    1 1--

    ( 1711 ) krathi:gl, wuakrathi:gl (tual)

    N gaur (Bos gaurus ), a kind of wild ox.


    l.1

    n ~ ::'Yl~ 'd ~~In~ 1'Hn ~ ~:l.J krasua:gnuds~a"hAkam'.

    in

    LJ ~ 1 n ~ ~ ri ~

    ( 171d )

    plaakrathi:gl (tual)

    Short form of n ~::: 't1 ~ 1 ~ n 1 ~ ~ [;] ~ 1 'Hn ~ ~ :w 1 Ministry of Industry.

    N a kind of fresh-water fish (Mastocembelidae).

    n ~ ~ Y!'U
    n~ ~~~

    krath9Ybl in

    to stamp with the foot.


    ( 1711) n6gkrathu:gl (tual)

    l ~ 1 n ~ ~ 11 ~ 1 ~

    '-'

    ( Fl'W)

    c~wkrasuau 1 (khon 1 ) N min-

    'W n n ~ ~ ~ ~

    ister, head of a ministry.

    pelican ( Pelecanidae).

    LJ~~ n ~ ~ 'YI ~ d ~
    khon I)
    0

    ( 'W 1 tJ' Fl'W) paladlkrasua:gl (naajl,

    n ~ ~ ~ ~ krathu:gl V 1. to poke, push, knock against


    with a long object. 2. to nudge. 3. co 11 o q. to push, encourage someone to do something.
    n
    ~ ~ ~dj
    <9)

    N unde rs ec ret a ry (of a ministry).


    ( 'W 1 tJ' Fl'W) rJJu1-palad 1 ::;

    ~ eJ ~LJ~~n ~ ~ 'YI ~ d ~

    krasuaul (naajl, khonl) tary (of a ministry).

    N deputy undersecre-

    in

    [?]'W n ~

    ~ ~dj

    ( ~'W)

    t6nkrathtlml (t6nl)
    ~ eJ

    N a kind of tree (usually Rubiaceae). krath:5:)nl (baj I, lQugl,


    I

    n--

    n~ ~; eJ'W

    <9)

    l 'U , ~ n , f.J 6l ) CIJ

    ( ~ eJ n)
    9

    blossom of this tree.


    I '-'

    ph~nl)

    N fruit of the sandorica. 171'W--

    ( 171'W)

    n ~ ~ 'Yid-J l.1 in n ~ ~ 'Yld-J'Wo1


    9

    krathQmlnaaml
    '-'

    to paddle,

    the sandorica tree (Sandoricum indicum).

    splash (with hands and feet, while swimming).

    n ~ ~ 'YI e:J'W
    ent.
    n ~ ~'Yie:JJJ

    l1
    ~

    krathjJnl V 1. to reflect. 2. to rebound.

    n ~ ~ 11 - cu'

    '-'

    '-'

    bl1 dJ

    ( 6(J eJ , I, ~ eJ ~ ,

    n ~ ~ 'YJ) krathuu I, krathuu::; cu

    n ~ ~ 'YI e:J'W n ~

    u'YI'W

    krath:)nlkrath~nl*

    to be incoher-

    thaaml (kh:)JI, r)>a:gl, krathuul) N question posed in a legislative body (in parliamentary practice).

    ( ~~~) krath:)ml*(la:gl) N hut, cottage.

    n ~ ~ b 'Ylt.J

    ( Fl'W, 1711) krath88jl N hermaphrodite (khonl

    n ~ ~ ~~

    krathaul Cj 1. until. Pp 2. to, up to, until.

    for persons; tual for animals).

    -Normally in combinations like the following.

    n~~b11b~ in b~t.J~n~~b'Ylb~
    to tilt to one side.
    I

    ?iaulkrath~er~el

    ~'Wn~~~~ conkrath~ul
    to, until.
    LbJ-Jn

    Cj 1. until. Pp 2. to, up
    n
    ~ ~

    0'

    tr

    0'

    b 'Yl~ in

    b ~~n

    ~ ~

    b 11~

    l~e 1 krath~el

    N trick,

    ~ ~~~ mtekrath~ul

    Cj 1. even when. Pp 2. even.

    deceit, cunJ?-ing. o 'd1b 61~n ~ ~ bYl~ thaml~elkrath~el to act cunningly, practise deceit or intrigue.
    n ~ ~ b ~ tJ 'U . See n ~ ~ 11'U n ~ ~ b ~ tJ 'U . n ~ ~ b ~t.JJJ ( ~1, n~'U) krathiaml

    n ~ ~ t1 ~ in n ~ ~ t1 ~ ~ ~

    krathadradl v 1. to be well-

    proportioned and somewhat small in size; to be compact. 2. to be short and to the point. 3. to be well-fitting.

    N garlic (hual for

    If item is not found under

    n~ ~ - ,

    see

    n~ - , 6(J-

    11 the bulb; kllib/ for cloves). the garlic plant.


    ~'W--

    ( ~'W)

    L~H.Jn :J ~'U'd'W.ff
    nique, tactic.

    dooj'krabuannfi' by this tech-

    1'U- -

    ( 1'U)

    garlic leaf.

    ~1 6~t.J'dn:J~ 6~t.Jd-J~'U hualdiaw'-krathiam'ltib'


    V idiom. to have no friends or relations, to

    n~ ~ LJ 1 'W n1 ~

    krabuankaan' N 1. procedure. 2.

    administration. 3. movement (as in "liberation_ movement"). 4. tech. process.


    0

    be alone in the world.


    n :J ~ I, 11 eJ'W krathyan' V to shake, vibrate, move. n :J ~ 'Yl'U n :J ~ I, 11 eJ'W krath6b'krathyan'

    n ~ ~ 'U d 'W n 1 ~ t.J ~ 6 ~ ~ d-J krabuankaan'judtitham'


    9

    1. to affect,

    the judicial administration (collectively, viz., the courts, the police, various government departments).
    'LI

    stir,

    move_~

    shake, have an impact on. 2. to be

    shaken.

    n ~ ~ 6 ~ eJ 'W 1 ~ krathyancaj'

    V to hurt someone' s

    n ~ ~ 'U d 'W n 1 ~ n v1 ~ krabuankaan'- kQu 1 ch.ad' 'U


    the liberation movement.

    feelings, to hurt (someone).


    n ~ ~ 1,1, 'Yl n kratheeg' V to hit, strike smartly, forci0

    n ~ ~'U d 'W n 1 ~ l ei'l!Jl ~ ~ ~ ~ krabuankaan'hajdroo'::::


    lis l s' c hem. the process of hydrolysis.
    N 1. procession of vehi-

    bly; to bump against, collide (with).


    n ~ ~ 1,1, 'Yl n I, 'Yl1 kratheeg'th~aw' to stamp the feet. n~
    ~

    n ~ ~ LJ 1 'W ~ ~ krabuanr6d'
    0

    1,6 'Yl n 'lJ ~

    ~~

    n~~b6'Yln b~t.J~
    s~j')

    'U

    kratheeg'pratuu/ to slam the door


    (nLJ,

    cles. 2. railroad train.


    6(.JLJ'J'W~~.

    -In mng. 2 usually

    1~) krath~eg'siau' (ka~,

    to speak sharply (to), snap (at) (with

    n s- ~LJ 'd'W b ~ eJ s-LJ krabuan'ryar6b'

    N naval fleet.

    raised voice).
    n~
    ~

    n ~ ~ LJ 1 'W b6 'VI krabuanhee' N procession, parade.


    'Yl eJ'W n
    ~ ~

    u'Yl'W. See

    ~ ~

    u YI'W
    N a small ox-

    n ~ ~ cQ IJl n ~ ~ 'U d 'W krabl d'krabuan/ v to hedge,


    manifest reluctance in an artful way. idem.

    11~~b6'Yl~

    ( 661d-J) kratht?l (l@m')

    rt1--

    cart.
    n :J ~'W'W kranan' 1. so, thus, like that.
    cS

    2. neverthe-

    1'W n ~ ~'U 'd 'W


    o

    najkrabuan' 1. in the matter of, as


    ""a..~

    less, even so (in this sense usually preceded


    I

    regards. 2. of, among.

    by
    66~

    66~,
    ~

    6H ; see below).

    n~

    ~'W'W teekran~n'

    but nevertheless, but even

    1'W n ~ ~ 'U 1 'W 66 n ~ 1 6'lJ'W 'Yl'Vl'W ~ najkrabuankEe'tua' penthtin~' i In the matter of making excuses,
    you are first rate!

    c;

    so.
    ~~
    cS

    n ~ ~'W'W th.akranan' if so, in such a case. n~


    ~'W'W thy:nkran~n'
    ~

    I, cU'W n

    ~ ~ 'U d 'W penkrabuan/ 1. in a procession, in


    ( eJ'W, 61 n,
    'U

    ~~

    even so, nevertheless, in

    formation. 2. co 11 o q. in great numbers.


    n ~ ~ 'U 'd t.J

    spite of that.
    "-'
    ~

    1'U)

    krabuaj' (?an', lOug', baj')

    bb:W n ~ ~ 'W'W
    9..1

    mtekran~n'

    however, yet.

    N a deep coconut- shell ladle with a long handle, used for dipping water.
    n ~ ~ LJ eJ n ( n ~ ~ 'U eJ n)
    krab~Jg' (krab~Jg')

    n ~~it kranfi/ so, in this way, like this.


    n~
    ~'U'd'W

    ( n~

    ~'U'd'W)

    krabuan' (krabuan') N 1. pro-

    N 1. cyl-

    cession, line, train {of moving persons, animals, vehicles). 2. in the matter of, as regards (short for

    inder. C 2. elf. for cylindrical objects, e.g. gun; also for an eye socket.

    1'W n ~ ~'U 'd 'W)

    3. artfulness, eva-

    n ~ ~ LJ eJ n~ 1 n ~ ~LJ eJ n Gi' U 'U


    'lJ Si1 n ~ ~ 'U eJ n

    krab~Jgtaa'

    N eye socket. N gun barrel. N cylinder (of an engine). N sea

    siveness; see 1st example. C 4. elf. for processions, lines, trains. 5. procedure, method, strategy, technique. -Also in mng. 5 6(.J'U 'd'W.

    n ~ ~LJ eJ n'lJcw krab~Jgpyyn'


    krab~Jgsuub'

    ( ~1 ) plaakrab~Jg' (tual)

    NOTE. In ref. to trains 6(.J'U 'd'W is the usual form.


    0

    mullet (Mugilidae).
    'lJ 1 n n ~ ~ 'U eJ n ( 'lJ 1 n)
    p~agkrab~Jg' (pAag')

    b6(.) 1 ~ n ~ ~ 'U d 'Wd-J 1 n ~ ~ ~ khawmiikrabuan'- maag'::::

    ciu' She sure hedges a lot: "has a great deal of artfulness.'' o b6V1n ~ ~LJ 'd'W'Wt.J 1 1 d-J 1 n h'Ee'krabuannii' jaaw~ m.ag' this procession is very long.
    If item is not found under
    d"

    muzzle (of firearms).

    ~'W n ~ ~ 'U eJ n ( ~1 ) hunkrab~Jg' (tua') N marionette,


    puppet.
    n~

    ~'U eJ ~ ( eJ'W) krabJJu' (?an') N club, staff, stick.


    see

    n~ ~ - ,

    n~ - , 6()-

    12
    n ~ ~'U~
    ( 1'U)

    kralJA?I (bajl) N 1. small wooden


    9

    N canned milk.
    n :1 ~LJ n ( Sl n, 1 'U)
    'U

    tray. 2. hand truck, handcart.

    krapugl {lt1ug', baj') N piggy bank

    ~ Dn ~ ~'U ~ ( Akl) r6dlkrab~?l (:l<han') N hand


    truck, handcart.

    (a small pot or jar with a small slit opening).

    n :l ~ 6LJ+ 1
    n'U 1 Sl .

    ( n:l ~ bLJ+ 1 , 1'U) krapaw' (krapawl, bajl) N


    A'W--

    n ~ ~'U 1'W krabaanl. See


    n ~ ~'U 1U ( Sl n
    'U

    1. pocket. 2. pocketbook, purse.


    collector on public conveyances.

    fare

    '1 'U)

    krabaajl {bajl, lt1ugl) N Sinall

    bamboo basket, bamboo dish (with unreinforced edge).


    n ~;:; 'U 161 krabaanl. See n ~ ~D ~~ in n'U 161 . n :1 ~ D ~1 n :1 ~'U 1 'W krabldlkrabuanl v

    n :J ~ 6 LJ+ 1 b ~'W'Yl1 ~ n :J ~ bLJ+


    De:J ( 1'U,

    ( 1 'U,

    ~ n)

    krapawdddnthaaul

    (baj', 11lugl) N 1. traveling bag. 2. suitcase.


    1

    ~ n)

    krapawthyY-1 {baj', 11lug')

    to

    N handbag, pocketbook.

    hedge, manifest reluctance in an artful way.


    'Yf1-- idem.

    n:l ~ I, tJ+ 1 td krapawrfial v c 0110 q. to be broke. n~ ~ b 1J 1 VlcWn krapawn~g' v c 0 11 0 q. to be rich,


    +

    n~

    ~iJ

    el'W) krablil (?an') N 1. sword. 2. bayn :J

    have loads of money.

    onet.
    d n ~ ~'U
    LJ

    6 LJ+

    1~1

    ( 1'U,

    ~ n)

    krapawhtw' (baj', 11lugl)

    krabli 1 pN Krabi (inS Thailand).


    (

    N 1. carrying bag, carrying case. 2. handbag, pocketbook (having handles).

    n :J ~~ eJ

    ~1) krabyyl (tual) N e 1 eg. water bufA 1 1U com.

    falo. [f. Camb.] -s y n.


    n :J ~'U ~
    9

    n :l ~ bLJ 1 ~ ( n ~ ~ I, iJ 1 ~ )

    krap~? I (krap~? I)

    N 1.

    ( 1'U)

    krabuul (bajl) N a bushel basket with .


    LJ 611 n ~ ~ I, 'U'W ( ~d )

    (glass) bulb. 2. bot. receptacle (part of a flower). 3. base on which a precious stone is mounted.
    n :J ~ LJ n in

    a square bottom and a circular opening.


    n :l ~ I, 'U'W in

    plaakrabeen' (tua')

    Sl n n :J ~ 1LJ n ( 6i n) lOugkrapbog' {lOug')


    'U 'U
    Q,.l

    N ray, skate.

    N com.,vulg. testicles. eleg.,


    n :J ~ LLJ :J ~ n~

    -Syn.

    ~ne:Jrusn~

    n J" ~

    tJ U~

    krablad' C a unit of length equal to one


    ~-

    l~

    colloq.,euphem. kraproou' N 1. skirt (tual).

    quarter of an inch. -See

    tJ 1 .

    ( ~1, el'W)

    n:l ~ b tJ U~tJ 1
    inch. o ~n ~
    n ~ ~ 6~ eJ ~
    <U <U

    krablad'nfw' C one quarter of an


    ~

    2. hood of an automobile (?an').

    ~ LLJ ~ ~ J'W1 'W

    kraprooulchannaj' N slip (a

    n~ ~ 6DEl ~tJ 1
    I

    thugthug'krabladnfw' each

    woman's undergarment).

    and every minor detail, each and every little bit.


    (

    n ~ ~ ~ dJ kraphom' P e 1 e g. de f. m. s p. I, me.

    66~'W) krab)Tau' {phtnl) N tile.

    -s y n.

    See

    ~ :w

    n :l ~ 6De:J ~ b A~ e:J'U kra~aukhl)Tabl N enameled

    6nii11n~~~:w

    kl.awkraphom' P elab. eleg. def.

    tile, glazed tile.


    n~~LJ~'Un:J~LJ~e:JU kraprlblkrapr:>:>j 1 V to be light

    m. sp. I, me.
    n ~ ~ 'V'l ~'U' - -IJ11 kraphrfbl, kraphrfbltaa' v

    to blink,

    and intermittent, to occur a little at a time.


    n ~ ~LJ ~ n ~ ~ I, LJ ~ 1 kraprtilkrapraw' v
    ~
    I

    blink the eyes.

    -Also 'V'l ~'U l711 .

    to be active,

    n :l ~ ~ eJ kraphyyl v 1. to flap, flutter, shake. 2.


    to spread out, diffuse.
    n :l ~~d-J, -- ~ eJ

    sprightly.

    n~~LJ+e:J~
    n~

    (1'U) krap:Sul*(bajl) N 1. tin can. 2. pail.

    kraphOm', kraphOm'myy' V to hold

    C 3. elf. for things packed in tin cans.

    the hands together at the chest, palm to palm, as a sign of respect (as when listening to a sermon, or in salutation).
    'V'l'Wd-J,LJ:J~b]J,d-J,

    ~LJ+ eJ ~ ti1
    ~ d
    +

    ( 1 'U, SJ n) krap:Sunaaml (bajl, lt1ugl)


    'U

    water bucket, pail.


    ( n ~ ~LJ eJ ~ ) khr)Taukrap:Su' (kra::::
    +

    -com p.

    l Vl;.

    -s y n.

    6 A~ eJ ~ n ~ ~LJ eJ ~
    LJ Sl 1 n ~ ~ LJ+ eJ

    p:Sul) N canned goods, canned food.

    n :l ~ I, 'V'l1 ~

    ( n ~ ~ I, 'V'l1 ~ , Sl n , 1'U ) kraph:S? I (kraphj? I,


    'U

    ( ~1 , n :J ~ LJ+ eJ

    ) plaakrap:Su I

    N kra::::

    lt1ugl, bajl)
    n :l ~ I, 'V'l1 ~ ~
    ~

    N stomach.
    0

    canned fish (tual for fish that is canned; p:StJI for a can of canned fish).
    + +

    kraph:S?Ikhti' N c

    m., v u 1 g. bowel,

    rectum.
    n :1 ~ b'V'l1 ~lT5i ~11 1 ~

    'W:Wn:J~lJe:J~

    ( n:J~lJe:J~) nomkrap:StJ' (krap:Sul)


    If item is not found under

    kraph5?'padsaawa?l N e 1 eg.

    n:J ~ -

    see

    n~ - , 6(J-

    13

    urinary bladder.

    n ~ ~ 8 'W ~'W krasun'pyynl N 1. bullet, shell. 2.


    9

    n ~ ~ 6'1Al 1 ~ eJ TVl1 ~ kraph-:5? /? aahaan' N stomach.


    n~
    ~ I, '1AJ eJ d-J

    cartridge.
    n~
    9

    6 A~ eJ ~ - -

    firearms and ammunition.


    N artillery shell,

    kraph9am/

    1. to throb, oscillateo 2.

    ~ ~'W~'W1 vr~ krasi:inlpyynj~jl


    projectile.

    to ripple (of water). 3. to move with a fluctuating, wave-like motion.

    ~ nn ~ ~ ~ 'W ( 't!~ , 6i n) 11lugkrasunl (nadl, 11lug') N cu 9 cu


    1. bullet, shot, pellet, projectile. 2. cartridge.

    n ~ ~~~ kramau' Pt most likely, like as not. Often


    best rendered in English as: "I suppose that ... ; could it be that . ? "
    o 'Vl'W 6 lJ'WA'W Yl'W n ~ ~ JJ ~ nuul penkhon'thtinti' kra::::
    c:o

    n ~ ~ ~'U in LJ!>i 1 n ~ ~ ~'U (~d) plaakrasuubl (tual)


    cu cu

    N a kind of fresh-water fish

    (Hampala macro-

    dd

    Q..l

    lepidota).

    mau'! I suppose that you're a native of these parts.


    n~
    ~

    n ~ ~ 66~

    ( n ~ ~ u~) krasel (krasel) N 1. current,

    flow, circulation. 2. course, way. -Sometimes spelled

    t.J 1 krajaal N e 1 eg., 1 it. food, provisions.

    n ~ ~ 1,1,~ ~
    ~

    n ~ ~ ~ eJ n ( ~1) krar~Jg' (tua') N squirrel. n ~ ~ 1 ~ kraraj/ what; how.


    o

    o 6(J 1 1 n ~ ~ u~ 1711 ~

    khaawl- kraselt~autaaul

    news from various sources or channels. How could he!

    6'J~ n ~ ~ l ~

    6 6i t.J

    ch~u'krarajlaaj'!

    n ~ ~ 666i 6 ~'W kraseluanl


    cv

    N 1. monetary currency.

    How come? (expressing reproach, indignation).


    o ~n ~ ~ 1 ~ dii'kraraj/ How good!
    o

    2. circulation of money, flow of money.

    n ~ ~ U~'Wo1

    kraselnaaml N 1. a current of water.


    0

    ~ ~ ~ n ~ ~ 1 ~ eJ ~ duulcakrarajl- juu! That looks cu cu


    rather odd (funny, inappropriate)!

    2. the course of a stream.

    n ~ ~ 66~~ ~ ~ ~ 16(/~ 1 ;'~ kraselphrar~adchadamr~d'


    N r o y. speech (made by the king).

    n ~ ~ d 'W n ~ ~ d 1 tJ krawonlkrawaaj /
    uneasy, perturbed.
    n ~ ~ 1 1'W

    to be restless,

    n ~ ~ 66~ 1~J1 kraselfajfaal


    blood.
    n ~ ~ Vf'W n 'f,i 1 tJ-( ~ 1 tJ)

    N electric current.

    ( 6l n) krawaan' (11lug') N cardamom.


    cu

    n ~ ~ 66~ L6i~171 krasee'loohldl N circulation of the

    The seed is used as an ingredient in curry.


    17l'W-"'" n ~ ~ d 'l bl n~ ~ d
    a'

    ( 17l'W) the cardamom plant.


    krawii'kraw~ad'

    kranbgl, laajkranbgl (laajl)

    v 1. to hurry' be in

    N generic term for a kind of decorative pattern

    a hurry. sV 2. briskly, in lively fashion.

    characteristic of Thai art. and pronounced kanbg'.

    -Also spelled n'W n

    n ~ ~~1'\Jblb

    kras~abl

    N e 1 eg. money.

    L~~n~~~1LJ; (L~~) rooukras~ab/

    (rooul) N

    n ~ ~ Vf'W 1 'U

    kranaab/

    v 1.

    to flank. 2. c 0 11 0 q. to

    mint (i.e. where money is coined).

    bawl out.

    -Also 6(J'W 1 'U

    n ~ ~ ~ eJ'U ( LLJ) kras~Jb' (bajl) N (gunny) sack, bag.


    I

    ~n ~ ~Vf'W 1'U tiikran~abl V to attack from both sides.

    n ~ ~ ~ eJl.Jt.J 1 'W
    bag.
    n~

    kras~Jb'p~anl

    N gunny sack, jute

    n?! ~Vf'Wo1 kranam' V 1. to hit, strike, shoot repeatedly.


    sV 2. repeatedly.
    ""'

    ~ ~'U n ~ ~ ~~ 1 t.J krasablkrasaaj 1 V to be nervous,


    restless, ill-at-ease.

    [91

    n :J ~Vf'Wo1 tiilkran~m/ ( n :J ~ Vfd-J eJ JJ)

    to beat, attack repeatedly.


    N 1.

    n ~ ~ VfJJ eJ JJ

    kram~ml*(kram~ml)

    n~~~1 in cwnn~~~1
    ~

    (~1)

    n6gkrasaal (tual)

    the top of the head. P 2. e 1 e g. de f. m. s p.


    I, me. Used in addressing high- ranking royalty

    heron (Ardeidae).
    n ~ ~ ~ 1 tJ ''Wo 1- - krasaaj I, namkrasaaj I

    N a liquid

    and the Supreme Patriarch. Pt 3. e 1 e g. de f. m. s p. particle used at the end of statements addressed to high- ranking royalty and to the
    Q..l

    additive used in the preparation of medicines.

    ~nn~~~1t.J jagkrasaajl V slang 1. to change


    the topic. 2. to change the method, the approach.

    Supreme Patriarch. -Cf. 2. Vfd-J eJ d-J Q'W


    3. 6'Y'JA ~

    w. sp.

    w. sp. -Cf. B.JJJ.

    n~ ~ ~'W q

    ( cW~, 61 n) krasunl (nadl, 11lug') N 1. bullet, cu

    n :J ~VfiJLJ kramlbl V to constrict.

    -Usually 6(J~'U.

    shot, pellet, projectile. 2. cartridge. 3. ammunition.


    If item is not found under

    Also see following entry.


    n~~Vfd-J'Ufl:J~VfiJ'U kramublkramlb' V to move the lips, 9
    n~
    ~

    - ,

    see n ~ - , 6(J- .

    14

    work the mouth silently.


    I

    unyielding. 2. to insist.

    n ~ ~vm ~ krajbu' V to stand on tiptoe. -Also

    n ~ 1 'W
    n ~ 1'U

    kr~an'

    V to be hard, rough, coarse, weathered. V to prostrate oneself (in obeisance).

    n~~1vr~~,16(J~~. b ~'W n ~~VI~~ b; 1 de>e>n'- krajbu 1 thaawl


    walk on tiptoe.

    kr~ab'

    to tiptoe,

    The palms are pressed together and the hands rest on the floor; the forehead rests against the hands.
    n s 1'U'Yl6i
    'U

    n ~ ~vr~:w krajlm' V to be happy, satisfied, proud.

    n~ ~ 'Vr 1lJ

    krahaaj I
    "-'

    V 1. to be thirsty. 2. to desire,
    Fl 1 1 J.J--

    kr~abthuun'

    to address highranking

    to wish for.

    thirst; strong desire.

    royalty.
    "-'

    n~ ~VI1lJ'Wo1
    t:9

    krahaajln~am'

    to be thirsty.

    n ~ 1 'U 6 'YI1 kr~abthaaw' V 1. to prostrate oneself

    n ~ ~vr:w, n ~

    d ~vr:w

    krahym', krahym/ V 1. to roar, be

    at someone' s feet (as a sign of very high respect). 2. a term used in the salutation of a letter to show respect (followed by the title of the addressee); more commonly
    n s 1'U b ~CJ'W (see

    roaring. N 2. roar.

    n ~ ~ ~ ~ n ~ ~ 'Vr eJ LJ krahyY-d/krah:,Jb/ v to be out of


    breath, to pant

    n~ ~

    b'VrJJ~ n ~ ~ 6b'Vr:W kram~d'kramee'

    ...

    v to be thrifty,
    thriftiness. (tua')

    below).

    frugal, economizing.

    Fl 1 1 dJ--

    n~ ~ 1;

    in

    tliii 1 n ~ ~

    1,; (i1)

    plaakrah~o'

    khunph~:)'-thtikhawr6b'j~ausuuu'! (I) salute

    N a kind of fresh-water fish (Catlocarpio siamensis).

    (my) most highly respected father.


    n ~ 1'UtJ~ Fl:W'YI6i kr~ab'-baukhom'thuun'
    cu

    roy.

    n ~ ~ 1VI~~ krajbou' V to stand on tiptoe.


    n ~ ~ eJ eJJ.Jn ~ ~ bbeJJJ kra?~m'kra?~m'

    to address the king or queen.


    n s 1'U b ~CJ'W kr~abrian' V 1. e 1 a b. e 1 e g. to inform,

    to hem and

    haw.

    tell (sp. to sup.). 2. a term of respect used in the salutation of a letter (followed by the name of the addressee). Currently preferred to
    b 'YI1
    n~1'U6i1
    I

    n ~ ~ 5n kra?~g/ V to cough up (e.g. blood).


    Q.l

    n~

    eJn n ~ ~ eJ 'J'W kra?ag'kra?han/

    to hesitate,

    ns 1LJ

    waver, feel ill at ease.


    n~~!,beJJj

    in mng. 2.
    kr~ablaa/

    kra?em'

    imit. toutter''ahem!" (to

    to take leave of (one's elders

    attract attention or to clear the throat).

    or superiors). This is usually done by prostrating oneself.


    n ~ 1 'U l.l , - - b SeJ
    (kr~ab/,

    n~ ~

    Q.l

    krau' V to be stuck together (by adhesion, in a dried mass).

    ( n ~ 1 'U ,

    6(1

    1 ~ ) kr~abl, kr~abrya I

    b ~~ll

    ~ n r~ sabiau'krau' N dried food supply.

    khaau')

    N gunwale. N molar.

    n r:w kram' C gram. Abbreviated n. [f. Eur.]


    '\_)

    n ~ 1 :W

    ( ~) kraam' (sti')

    n~ 1 n
    n~ 1 n
    n ~ 1 ~l

    C9)

    kraag' rM intensifier used with

    66 VI~

    6(J'Un ~ 1:W khbbkraam/ to grit one's teeth (as when

    "dry.''
    LJ

    angry).

    kraag' V to walk hastily, scurry, dash,


    "-'

    n ~ 1 tJ kraajl V 1. to pass closely, come close to.


    2. to move slowly, leisurely, ostentatiously.

    rush (up to).


    C9)

    in

    n ~ 1 ~~ b n ~ lJ 'J kr~adkrfaw' v 1. to be
    ~

    n~ l7l n ~ 1lJ

    krl idkraaj /

    V 1. to swing the arms

    furious. 2. to scold angrily. 3. to treat unsparing1y. -Also 6 n ~ tJ 1 n~ 1 ~ .

    slowly attempting to look gracious, elegant while walking; to put on airs. 2. to shun work, avoid effort in work. sV 3. ostentatiously.
    J-' b lJ eJ ~

    n~ 1 ~

    LJ kr~adl

    V 1. to scatter. 2. to be scattered.

    sV 3. all around, at random.


    J.J eJ ~ n ~ 1 ~
    mJJu/kr~ad'

    n ~ 1 tJ j)1aukraaj' V to walk slowly and grace-

    V to look around.

    fully, walk with an air (mostly of women).

    n ~ 1'W kraan' V to prostrate oneself (in doing obeisance).


    0

    ns 1 d
    b ~ tJ

    kraaw'
    "-'

    to be tough, harsh.

    -Chiefly in compounds. k6mkraan' v to prostrate oneself.

    ~ n ~ 1 1 s l aukr.aw' N a tough, harsh voice.

    nJj n~ 1 'W

    n~
    I

    1 kram' V to tolerate, suffer, experience.


    (

    ~'W n ~ 1 'W jyyn'kraan' V 1. to stand firm, remain

    n~ ~

    eJ'W)

    krlu' (?an') N 1. bell, buzzer.

    If item is not found under

    n ~ ~ - , see n~ - , 6(1-

    15
    2. ring, buzz. ra.adlchathaalnii'-burii'rom' ?udom 1 santisug 1 pN (the principal portion of) the official name of Bangkok.
    n S~
    'l

    n~ ~
    I

    l..l.

    See entries below.

    n~ ~ b n J ~ krlukreeu' v to suspect, fear (that). n~ ~ 1 ~ krlucaj' V to suspect, to have a hunch,


    have misgivings.
    n ~ 6()'
    (

    i'l?l 'W 1n ~ 'W 'Yl ~.r

    kruu I radtanakoo' sIn' pN Ratana-

    kosin, a formal name for Bangkok. N Malay dagger, kris.


    n ~ ~ ~ e:J'W~ e:J'W kruu'lJJndJJn' pN London. 01 'd n J ~
    'l

    eJ'W) krld' (?an')

    [f. Malay]

    ( Fl'W)

    chaawkruul (khonl) N city people.


    1. to be kind, merciful. 2. be so

    n~'U krlb' rM intensifier used with Fl:W "sharp,"


    b ~ tJ'U "quiet."

    n ~blJ. 1 karunaal V 'l

    kind as to, please (do such and such). A 1 1 ~-compassion, kindness, mercy, mercifulness.

    n~:w

    in ~:wn ~:w beaming.

    "-'

    j fmkrlm' to be smiling happily,

    n ~blJ. 1LJ S 1~ karunaalpraaniil V to be kind, merN 1. verb. ciful, kindhearted. -Also spelled -LJ ~ 1ti. l1 s ~ 'W ~ ~ n ~blJ, 11 LJ s ~ b n; 1 i
    9

    n ~ tJ 1 ( Flo1) karijaa', krljaa' (kham')

    2. behavior, manners.
    <r'

    Flo1--

    verb. NOTE.

    sou 1 phrakarunaa 1 -

    In mng. 2 more commonly

    n~ tJ 1 .
    N

    prbod'kla.aw' roy. by royal decree.


    'W ~ ~ d.J~ 1 n ~blJ. 1B AblJ. phramahaalkarunaalthikhunl
    9 9

    n ~tJ 11' b rl~blJ. ( Flo1) karijaa'wfseed' (kham')

    adverb.

    Flo1--

    idem.

    N roy. kindness and grace.

    ""' n~'d krtw' V roy. to be angry, angered. -Syn.

    n ~'W krunl V

    1. to be smoldering. 2. to be odorous.

    1n ~ 6

    com.

    n~

    kruul V to run up together in crowds, to throng.

    n r6fl1 kriithaa' N sports events, athletic events.

    nq~~n1 in cw~~s10nq~~n1 (~~'U) phrara.ad':::::


    chakrldsadiikaa' (chabab') N royal decree.

    -c 0 m p. n'W 1 .
    c;,J
    I

    n~T11~bll'W

    (Lb~~)

    kriithaa'sathaan' (heu')

    n~. Abbrev. for nL~~l?l ~ kiloliter.


    n~ ( bb 'U'U ' e:J tJ 1 ~ ' eJ'W)

    sports arena, stadium.

    konl, kon:::::, konla::::: (beebl,

    nr~

    C9)

    krlid'

    to cut, slash, scratch.

    jaaul, ?an')
    d b Fl ~ e:J ~--

    N trick. Often occurs as a bound


    I

    n r~n ~ 1tJ krlidkraaj'

    1. to swing the arms

    form meaning "mechanical device; trick." machine.


    d

    slowly attempting to look gracious, elegant while walking; to put on airs. 2. to shun work, avoid effort in work. sV 3. ostentatiously.
    I'll

    01 ~--

    (see below).

    n~ l n
    n~ ~ n ~
    <>-I

    konkaj I

    N mechanism. konlacag' (khr9aul) N engine. N trick,

    ( b A~ e:J ~ )

    n~ ~

    l..l,

    n ~ ~ krlid', krfid' V to scream, shriek.

    n ~ :W 1 ~ tJ 1

    ( e:J tJ 1 ~ ) kon'maanjaa' (jaau')

    nr51

    kriithaa'

    1. to mobilize.

    2. to maneuver,

    artifice, deception.
    n ~ b :w ~ n ~ ~ 'Yl5
    c.;

    move (an army).

    ( e:J tJ 1 ~

    konlam~d'

    (jaaul)

    N trick. N

    n ~ kru?l V to line (a container) (with paper, straw,


    etc.).

    ( bb 'U'U , e:J tJ 1 ~ ) konlajudl (beb', jaau I)

    1. e 1 e g. tactics, strategy; strategem. 2.

    n~ ~ ( n~ ~)
    9

    kruu' (kruu')

    N metropolis, city.

    co 11 o q. trick.
    n ~ A1 ~ l?l ~ konlasaad' N mechanics (the science). 0 e:J 'U n ~ ch:)Jbkonl V to be out of the ordinary,

    n ~ ~ b n 1 kruukaw' pN common name of e:J ~ 5 tJ 1

    Ayuthaya (the old capital).


    n ~ ~ b 'Yl'W i
    kruuth~eb'

    pN Krungthep, the com-Short for the official

    funny, strange, peculiar.


    01 ~

    mon name of Bangkok.

    n~ ( Fl 'W) cha.aukon' (khonl) N mechanic.

    name, a portion of which is given below. -Also


    'W~~'WFl~.

    n 1 ~-- mechanics.
    ~ 'W n~ pyynkonl N machine gun.
    b~

    o n~

    bTI'W'W

    ~ ~ :w~ 1 'W A ~

    'U 1 ~

    i'l?l 'W 1n ~ 'W 11 ~<r' :w~'W<r' <r'

    e:J n ~ l 'W ryakonfaj I

    N steamship, steamer.

    l1~1tJ5tJ1 ~~1~~n~~'W'W'Wi'l?l'W ~1051~'U~~~tJ 9 9


    e:J ~J-J ~'W~ ~ 6(J kruuth~eb'-phramahaa'nakhJJn'
    9 9

    bb s ~

    n ~ reeukonl N mechanical power.


    s Ialkonl V to be tricked, outsmarted. sadeeukon' V e 1 e g. to do tricks,

    l'YltJ 1 n ~ wfdthajaakonl N magic.


    b ~ tJ n (;i
    bb~ ~ ~ n (;i

    b:)W:):)nl- radtanakool sin/

    mah!nltharaa 1 -

    jud:::::

    thajaal mahaaldilbg'-phfph6b'n6blpharadl

    16 perform stunts.

    -s y n.

    I,

    61 'W n61

    com.
    n 6l eJ ~

    word, renege. 2. to be undependable, unreliable.


    ( 1iJ, 61 n)
    'U

    n61 'U klob1 V 1. to cover with earth, fill up with


    earth, bury. 2. to shut, to hide.
    n61'U I, n61 eJ'W klobklyan' V to cover up (a blunder).
    I,

    kl:>:>U' (bajl, Htug') N drum.

    n61 eJ ~

    ( 1iJ)

    kl~u'*(baj ') N 1. small box, case (e.g.

    case for eyeglasses). C 2. elf. for specific kinds of such containers. 3. elf. for things in such containers; hence, box of (paper clips, straight pins, etc.).
    ~ ~

    eJ 1 'Yl ~ 1 tJ n61 'U ~ d ?awsaaj ,_ klob'tua'

    .......

    to bury

    oneself in sand.

    n61 :W klom' V to be round (as a circle, sphere, cylinder, etc.).


    n61:wn~

    n 61 eJ ~

    ( n 61 eJ ~ , eJ'W)

    kl~u'*(kl~u', ?an') N 1. pipe.

    eJ:W

    klomkl~m'

    to be well-blended,

    2. camera, binoculars. C 2. elf. for tube-like objects.


    n 61 eJ ~ ~ 61'Yl ~ ~ FI'W 9
    I

    smooth, pleasing (of flavors).

    n61:wn~'W klomklyyn' V 1. to mix well, blend well.


    2. to be well- mixed, well- blended.
    n61:W I, n~tJ d klomkliaw'

    ( n 61 eJ ~}
    .....,

    kl~u'cunlathad' (kl~u')

    N microscope.
    n 6l eJ ~ tl1 tJ

    to be harmonious,

    s tJ ( n 6l eJ ~ , eJ'W) 'U

    kl~u'thaaj rOub' (kl~u',

    united; to get along well (together).


    neJtJ1rl'Wn61:w k~:>d'kanklom' V to embrace each

    ?an') N camera.
    n; eJ

    ~ 1'Yl s11F1; ( n;eJ -:J) kl~u'thoorathad' (kl~u')


    ( eJ'W)

    other tightly, to hug (each other).


    'J ~ n 61 :W ( 'J -:J) wouklom 1 (wou') N circle.

    N telescope.
    n 61 eJ ~ tJ 1 61 'U
    'U

    kl~u 'jaasttub' (?an') N tobacco

    n61 d -:j
    n 61 'J tJ

    kluau'
    C9) (
    'U

    v
    6)

    to be hollow.
    B.J

    pipe. N banana

    Si n , biJ ,

    61 , VI 'J ,

    ""

    I,

    A ~ eJ ) kl t1a j I

    c:':j

    n;eJ-:J~eJ~'YJ1.;j1n61 (nSJeJ~,
    (kl~u',

    eJ'W)

    kl~u's~uthaauklaj'

    (lt1ug', bajl, phon' for the fruit; wli' for a hand; khryal for a bunch). banana tree.
    n;'JtJ666'un n ~~ d tJ ('W) klt1ajkheg' (ch!nl) N banana ( ~'W' 61 n
    'U

    ?an') N 1. binoculars. 2. spyglass.


    ( eJ'W)

    ~'W--

    ( ~'W)

    the

    611n6l eJ ~

    lamkl~u' (?an') N 1. gun barrel.

    2. hollow tube such as a pipe stem.


    fi'Un61 eJ ~ sttubkl~u' V to smoke a pipe, puff on a

    slices, dipped in batter and fried.

    pipe, draw on a pipe. (ch!n',


    n 61 eJ'W
    (

    I,~ eJ:W

    '1 iJ' B.J i;l) klt1ajch~am/

    eJ'W, n 61 eJ'W)

    kl:>:>n' (?an', kl:>:>n') N bolt,

    lflug',
    ~

    "" baj', phon')

    N glazed banana, a kind of

    latch.
    tleJ tJ1 n 61 eJ'W th:,:>dkl:>:>n' V to unbolt, unlatch (a door,

    dessert.

    n6i 1 tJ ~ 1 n ( 6l n, 1'U)
    'U

    klflajtaag' (lt1ug', baj') N


    61
    ~

    window).
    n 61 eJ'W loukl:>:>n'

    dehydrated banana (dried in the sun).

    v
    1

    to bolt, latch (a door, window).

    n~~') tJ ~

    D (6l n , 1'U )
    'U

    kl Qa j p t u' (1t1 ug 1, ba j ')

    -Also

    tcw n 61 eJ'W, 161 n 61 eJ'W .


    kl:>:>n' {bbd') N a kind of Thai verse

    roasted banana.

    n 61 eJ'W lfl ( 'U'Yl)


    B.J

    n51 'd tJ VI eJ :w
    bfl ~ eJ n 6l d tJ
    ~

    ( 6l n , 1'U ,

    61 ) klt1ajh:S:>m' (1 flug', baj I,

    form.
    'U'Yl n 61 eJ'W

    phon') N banana (fragrant variety).


    ( I, fl ~ eJ) khryaklQaj/ (khrya') a bunch

    ""

    ( 'U'Yl)

    bodkl:>:>n' (bod') N a verse or

    poem in the verse form of the


    n 61 eJ'W rn in 61 n n 61 eJ'W
    'U

    n61 eJ'W

    of bananas.
    tJ1 ~ n 6l 'd tJ douklQajl N banana plantation.
    ~

    ( 61 n)
    'U

    lt1ugkl:>:>n' (lQug') N

    bolus, a wet lump or tablet of freshly prepared medicine.


    I

    Vl1 n6l d tJ

    ( Vl1 ) w rikl t1a j I

    (w

    ri I)

    N a hand of

    bananas.
    n;1 tJ lB in n;1 tJ 1~

    n 61 eJ:W kl~m/*

    to sing lullabies to, lull to sleep. V to be well- blended, smooth,

    ( tJ1 eJ n)
    ( ~ 'W )

    klt1ajmaaj'

    (d~:>g')

    n 61 :W n 61 eJ:W n61 eJ:W1 ~


    1
    I

    klomkl~m'

    N o rebid. o tJ1 eJ n n;1 tJ 1~

    ~ 'W-

    the o rebid (plant).

    pleasing (of flavors, odors). kl:,mcaj' V to lull, soothe, calm {the

    ( tJ1 eJ n)

    ct:,:>gklt1ajmaaj 1 (d:,:>g')

    N orchid (the flower).


    nSJeJn kl:,:>g' V to turn, roll (e.g. one's eyes) ..

    heart, the feelings).


    nSJ eJ:WVIeJ

    kl:,mh:-5:>' V to serenade the bride and

    n;'U n~ eJ n

    kl~bkl ~:>g' v 1. to go back on one's

    groom on their wedding night.

    17
    b n 6l tJ n 6l eJ:W
    Jt
    kltakl~m/

    to persuade, talk some~


    ~

    2. to tum eggs over (in the pan).

    one into doing something.


    ~'U n 6l eJ:W kh~bkl~m/

    n6l 'U F11


    0

    kl~bkham/

    V to go back on one's word.

    .:!,1

    to sing lullabies, to lull

    n6lLJFl'W klAbkhyyn' V 1. to return, go back. 2.

    to sleep.
    b'W~ ~ n6l eJ:W6l n
    CIJ
    ...,

    to restore. 3. to get back, recover. sV 4. back.


    ( L'W6l ~) phlee:g'kl~mlOug' (phlee:g 1 ).

    ni 'U 1~ kl~bcaj' V 1. to change one's mind, to


    turn over a new leaf, have a change of heart. 2. to be converted (to a religion).
    ni'U&i"'J

    N cradlesong ..., tinctly. sV 2. incompletely (of chewing). 3. indistinctly (of speaking).

    n6l eJ:WUn6l:W kl~mkl~m/* V 1. to mumble, speak indis-

    kl~btua' V to reform oneself, turn over


    cv

    a new leaf. -Also

    n~ru b'WeJn~'UI71'J.

    J-'

    cv

    cv

    n 61n ( n 61n) klag' (klag') N 1. small case, tele-

    n 'U 171 1 ~ tT171 :J klab' taala ~d' i d i o m. 1. to make

    scoping box (like a match box). C 2. elf. for things in such containers; hence, box of
    Q...l

    a reversal, a switch. 2. to change one's mind. 3. to go back on one's word.


    n6l'U b'WeJn6l'UI71'J klabnya'klabtua' V elab. colloq.
    &-'
    Q...l ....,

    (matches, gummed labels, etc.).

    n6l ~ klad' v 1. to button. 2. to pin (together). n61~ n ~ ~ ~ Jj kl~d'kradum' v to button.


    ~
    'I

    cv

    to charge one's conduct, to reform oneself.


    n 61'U bcQ'W kl~b'pen::; 1. to tum out to be (contrary

    n61~n6l:w,--1~ kl~dklOm', kladklOmcaj' V to 'I


    feel depressed.
    b tJd-Jn ~ ~
    ~
    t::
    cv cv

    to expectation). 2. to return to (a former state), become (such and such) again.


    n iLJ 1L.J kl~bpaj' V to go back, return thither.

    ( eJ'W) khemklad' (?an')

    N 1. safety pin.

    2. pin, brooch.
    n Gi'W
    kl~n/
    ~
    cv

    n61'U 1'l.J ni 'U :W 1

    klAbpaj 'kl~bmaa/ V 1. to change

    to distill, extract.

    back and forth again and again. 2. to be unreliable. sV 3. back and forth.
    niLJ:w 1 kl~bmaa/ V to come back, return hither.
    Q...l

    n6i'W171 'J klantua' V to condense. n 6i 'W'tl1:W'W kl~n'ncimman/ to refine crude oil.


    ~

    ...,

    cv

    n1 ~ - 171 :w n 6i 'W
    ...,
    ~

    oil- refining.

    tl 1 n 6l'U
    Q...l

    khaakl~b/

    the return trip, (on) the way back.

    t6mkl~n/

    to distill .

    ~:wn~'U

    mumklab' N 1. reflex angle. 2. antithesis.

    'Wo1n6l'W namklan' N distilled water. nGi'W


    ~

    o F1~1'W:w:wni'U khfd'najmumklab' idiom. 1. to 'I take or consider an antithetic point of view. 2. conversely.
    6l1 n i'U laaklab' V to take one's leave, say good- by

    kl~n'

    V 1. to restrain, suppress, hold back,

    inhibit (regular bodily functions, expressions of emotion). 2. to refrain from (performing a bodily function, expressing emotion).

    (when departing to return home, return to work, etc.).


    ...., Q...l

    n~'W 1 ~ kl~ncaj / to hold one's breath.


    n 6i 'W 6i ~ eJ'W1 d kl~nsa ?~n'waj /
    ~

    &-'

    to hold back the

    vrn n 6l'U

    hagkl~b/

    to tum, bend back; to bend

    sobs.

    the other way. 1. to turn back, go back, return. 2.

    n61'U kl~b/ v

    ~'Wni'U hanklab' to tum back, tum around.


    n 61d klua/

    to turn to the opposite, turn over, turn upside down, turn inside out. sV 3. in return. AA 4. still (contrariwise), contrary to expectation.

    to fear, be afraid of.

    Fl d 1:W--

    fear.

    'W 1 n61d n~aklua/, n~a/klua/

    to be frightening,

    scary, dreadful, fearful, horrible, terrifying, terrible.

    n61'U n6l eJ n kl~bkl ~Jg/ v 1. to go back on one's


    word, renege. 2. to be undependable, unreliable. F1 'J 1 :W-unreliability, fickleness.
    ~

    'W 1 n 6l 'J'W 1 n 6l d

    ..,

    n~a! kll1a 1 n~aklua'

    c 0110 q. to

    be very scary, extremely frightening, dreadful.

    n61'Un6l1 tJ bcU'W klabklaaj'pen::; totum into, become

    vr d 1 ~ ni

    d waad'klua'

    to be scared, frightened.

    (contrary to expectation).
    n;LJtl'U klab'ka::; to be the reverse of, the oppo-

    n6l 'J klOa' V 1. to gargle. 2. to mix, blend.

    n6l 'J Fl eJ
    ~

    k lOakhJJ' V to gargle (the throat).


    l?I'W)
    kl~a'

    site of.
    n;'U 1~ klabkhaj 1 1. (a hen) to turn her eggs.

    n 6l1

    (t6n') N young rice plant (for

    transplanting).

    18
    ~

    nn~" 1

    tbgkl~a/

    v to sow germinated rice grain.

    n ~ 1 ~ l JJ eJ

    t:ll

    klaa:gmyau' 1. in public, in the open.


    ~

    2. public, civil, internal (within the country).


    n~

    1 1m klaa/ V 1. to dare, venture; to be brave enough to, bold enough to. 2. to be strong, powerful.
    q

    Gi ~ Fl s 1 JJ n ~ 1 ~ bJJ eJ ~

    t:ll

    ( Fl ~ ~ ) so:gkhraam'klaa:g:::

    myau' (khra:g/) civil war. n ~ 1 ~ rJ'W klaa:gwan/ in the daytime, by day. o n~ 1 ~ rJ'WUGin ~ klaa:gwan/seegseeg/ in broad daylight.
    n~

    n~ 1U~ ~
    n~ 1~1qj

    .klaakhe:g/ V to be brave, strong. klaahaan/ V to be brave, bold, courabravery.

    geous. Fl 'J 1JJ-u~ ~n~


    c::

    1 ~~1 'J klaa:ghaaw' under the skies, in the open air.


    ...

    1 khe:gkla.a/ V 1. to be hard (of metal,


    d

    esp. steel). 2. to be brave.

    n ~ n~ 1 ~
    Fl'Wn~

    l<Yuklaau' N 1. center, middle. 2. cen-

    1~ n;1
    Ll~ ~n ~
    '1.1

    cajkla.a/ V to be bold, brave, venture-

    tral, middle, center (as n. mod.). 1~ ( Fl'W) khonklaa:g/ (khon/) N 1. the middle

    some. 1 deedkla.a/ the sunlight is strong.

    one (in a group). 2. middleman; mediator, arbitrator. 3. one who is neutral. Fl s ~


    d

    'tJ 1 nn~ 1 paagkla.a/ V 1. to use bold words,


    strong words. 2. to be fresh (in talking).

    n~ 1 ~

    khr9:gkhr9:g/klaa:gklaa:g/ partially,

    cW~n~ 1 phctd/klaa/ V to blow strong.


    l'Vl~nn~1
    c::

    halfway, half-done.

    l~gkl~a/

    N steel.

    1 ~ n~ 1 ~
    'l11'Wn~

    cajklaau' N core, central part. in the middle, at the center.

    " n~ 1 n in ~n~ 1 n khtikl~ag/ N ringworm (skin


    disease) (tinea). n611
    ~

    l?l s- ~ n~ 1 ~ tro:gklaa:g/

    1 ~ paanklaa:g/ 1. moderately, in a moderate

    klaa:g/ N 1. center, middle. When preceding another noun this is usually translated "at, in, in the middle of." 2. (as n. mod.) central, middle, center. Fl'W-(see below).

    degree. 2. moderate; average.


    b~'W n ~ 1 ~ penklaa:g/ 1. to be neutral (in a contro-

    versy). 2. e 1 e ct. to be neutral, not charged. Fl 'J 1 JJ- neutrality.

    n~1~Fl'W as in

    ft~n~1~Fl'W waj/klaa:gkhon/ 1.

    Jl1 Fl n ~ 1 ~ pha.agklaau' N 1. the central part (of a country, a geographical area). 2. central.
    fT'
    I

    middle.age (of people). Among the Thai approx. 35- 50 years of age. 2. (as n. mod.) middleaged. -+Also
    cu

    A'Wtln~1~

    (U~~)

    suunklaa:g/ (he:g') N center

    ..,

    eJ1~n~1~Fl'W

    -+Comp. V~1.
    I

    (as in ''industrial center'').


    I

    n ~ 1 ~ Fl'W klaa:gkhan/ in the middle, before it was finished (of an interrupted action, event).

    Gi 'J 'W n 611 ~

    ( Gi 'J 'W)

    suanklaau' (suan')

    N 1. the

    central part. 2. central.

    n~ 1 ~ A'W klaa:gkhyyn/ at night, in the night.


    o b 'J ~ 1 n ~ 1 ~ Fl'W weelaa/klaa:gkhyyn/ at night, in the nighttime.
    n~
    t:ll

    eJn~s n~ 1 ~ ( &l'J) ?~gs3:Jnklaau' (tua/) N a


    MIDDLE consonant.
    n ~ 1 ~ in l n 61 eJ'W n 611 ~ ( ~~,
    cJ

    1'W- -

    i d e m.

    klyanklAad/ V to be scattered

    1 ~ u~

    ~ klaa:gc~e:g/

    outdoors, in the open, in

    all over, dispersed.

    the open air.


    n~

    n;1JJ'-- bdeJ
    chfn/)

    ~'W)

    klaam/, kla.amnya/ (mad',

    1 ~ ~ n klaa:gdyg' late at night, in the deep of the night.

    1!9

    N muscle.

    n~ 1 tJ
    in the street, in the mididem.
    'YJ- J

    klaaj/ V 1. to change, transform, convert. 2. to be changed,


    ~

    n ~ 1 ~ t;l'W'W

    klaa:gthan~n/

    transformed~

    converted.

    dle of the street.


    n~1~LJ1'W

    n 611 tJ b'LJ'W klaajpen::: 1. to change, turn into. 2. to be changed, converted into. 3. to become. 4. to turn out to be.
    0

    klaa:gM.an' idiom. local, pertaining

    to old-fashioned village folklore.

    n~ 1 ~11 klaa:gpii/ mid-year, in the middle part of


    the year. " n~ 1 ~'W 1 klaa:gfaa/ in the sky, in the middle of the sky.

    n 611 tJ b~'W 1 eJ klaajpen?aj / to become steam, vaporize, evaporate.

    Vn611tJ piiklaaj/ last year (i.e. during the preceding year). -+Also bd-J eJ-- .
    d

    19
    fl~

    11 klaaw' V com. 1. ro say, declare, mention. 2. to be mentioned.


    l.ll~1~Jl
    I
    Q..l

    2. to be well-mixed, blended.

    Ao1--

    a saying.

    -s y n.

    n~ 'W bb~ ~
    n~ :w

    klyynsecn'

    to absorb light.

    eleg.

    ~ ~ n~ 'W duud'klyyn' v to absorb. 'U


    klum' c 1. cluster, aggregation; group; bloc. 2. ball {of thread).
    n r;1 :W ~ 1 1 kl umdaa w' N constellation (of stars).
    gl

    dJ

    fl ~ 11 6(1 16U ( t;"H) klaawkhw~n'{thy:n=) to speak {of),

    talk {about), mention.


    I

    Ql

    fl ~ 1 d A EJ klaawkhyy' that is; namely.

    fl ~ l 1

    1~ tJ ~ EJ
    c.;

    klaaw' doojj ~:J' briefly speaking.

    n 61 :wtJ ~ ~ g

    b YlA klumprath@ed'

    N 1. group of nations.

    flGi 1 1 ~ ~ klaawthY:n= to talk about.


    fl~

    2. bloc, coalition.

    11 611 ~ klaawthed' V e 1 e g. to lie, tell lies, speak falsely.

    ~'U n ~ :W cabklum' V to gather, assemble, crowd


    around, form a group.
    ~

    -s y n.

    See

    1n~n

    com.

    fl ~ 1 1

    1Yl~

    klaawth6od' V to blame, accuse,

    1 tJ n ~ :w

    ( n ~ :w) d~ajklum' (klum') N thread


    I

    charge {with).
    fl ~ l 1 1 1
    fl~ klaaww~a' klaawh~a'

    commercially wound into a ball. V to say, declare that. V to accuse, charge, allege.

    'tJ ~ ~ 6 YlA flril :WA EJ:WiJ 1ll~ lY1 prath@ed'klumkh:J:Jmmiw=


    G

    0"

    1 1~1

    nfd' the communist bloc of nations.


    6~'W n ~ :w 6~'W; EJ'W q

    Ao1-- accusation, charge.


    Q..l

    penklum'penk~:Jn'

    all in one piece,

    ~~

    fl&l1 1 da:nklaaw' as mentioned, as stated; (the)

    in one lump, all nicely together. o

    aforementioned.

    ~ 1 :w 6 ~'W 6~'W n ~ :w 6~'W ;EJ'W


    q

    ruamnan'-penklum'=

    ~flr;11 1d thtiklaaw'nfi'
    'U EJ fl fl&l1 1
    b~:Jgklaaw'

    which are spoken of here.

    penk~:Jn'

    to gather the money {from different

    V to apprise, inform, men~

    sources) into one lump sum.


    1 :W n ~ :W ruamklum' V to form a group, gather

    tion, notify, send a notice.


    t.Jfld.-J1fli;111 j6g'maaklaaw' V to quote, cite,

    into a group, assemble.

    mention.
    1 l fl&l1 1
    w~a'klaaw'

    n~ :W klOm' V 1. to be darkened, gloomy. 2. to worry,


    V to advise, admonish, be worried.

    reprove.

    n~~ n;:w,
    q

    - -1 ~ kladklOm', kladklQmcaj' V to feel

    n~ 11 ~d.-J in n ~ ~ 11 ~ 1 ~ niil11 ~:w


    Ministry of Defense.

    krasuan'kalaahcsom'
    q

    depressed.

    n;:wEJnn;:w1~
    q

    klfim?og'klfimcaj' V elab. colloq. -Also n; :w1 ~ 'l

    fl~ ~ kltn' V to roll {of itself).


    6l fl fl~ ~
    'U
    I I

    "-'

    to worry, be downcast, depressed.

    "-'

    ( 61 n, eJ'W) lQugkl tn' {lQug', ?an') N roller


    'U

    c 0110 q.
    66flfl6l:W k~cklfim' V to ease one's mind, overcome q

    {for compacting, pulverizing, printing, etc.).

    fl~'W ( fl~'W) kl1n' {kl'ln') N odor, scent, smell.


    fl~'W~t.J kl'lnchuj' V to be odorous (penetrating g
    and sudden, as the odor of strong fumes).
    I

    or relieve one's anxiety.

    n 1 ~ kuad' V to chase, pursue, attempt to overtake. n 1 ~~'W kuadkhAn' V 1. to be strict. 2. to be strict


    (with).

    fl~'W~1 kllntua' N body odor. l7l'Ufl~'W dab'klln' 1 it. V to deodorize. 1;fl~'W d~jkl1n' V to scent, smell, catch the
    scent {of).

    n1 ~ lY11 :w

    kuadtaam', kuad'taam=

    c 0 110 q. to

    run after.

    n1~1v1 kuadwfchaa' V 1. to be tutored, coached,

    'Vid.-J~fl~'W modkl)n'
    (its) odor.
    na'U

    to become odorless, lose

    taught {in order to make up a deficiency in one's studies). 2. to tutor, coach, teach {in order to help someone make up a deficiency). In mng. 2 usually followed by

    ( fl~'U) kllib' (kllib') N 1. petal. 2. leaflike ob-

    ject. C 3. section (e.g.of an orange, mangosteen).

    1;.

    fl~ ~ kly:n' V to lathe.


    fl~'W klyyn' V 1. to swallow. 2. to match in color.
    3. idiom. to endure.

    n 1 'W kuan' V 1. to stir, stir up. 2. to trouble, bother,


    disturb.
    n 1'W1 ~ kuancaj'
    6

    fl~UJfl~'W klomklyyn' V 1. to mix, blend well.

    v to disturb, bother, agitate. ~ 1 n1 'W l ~ n~a'kuancaj' V to be annoying,

    20

    n11~

    irritating.
    n1~tJ~~~TYl

    -s yn.
    kuan/prasaad/ V to get on one's o
    &

    b A't1~.

    1J.J~.,...n ~ 1 ~ h~amajkwaakwaa/
    d

    just over five

    nerves; to drive one crazy.


    neJn1~ k~J/kuan/

    miles.

    1. to agitate, stir up. 2. to

    n1 1 b'V'l eJ~ kwaaph9"an/ co 11 o q. the most (thus


    and so), the ... -est (of those being compared).

    bother, annoy.
    ~

    'Un 1~ r6bkuan/ V to bother, trouble, annoy, vex.


    .;t .;t

    -c 0 m p.
    I

    fl ~ ~ .
    d
    9

    n 1 tJ b l?l tJ 1 , n 1 tJ b l?l tJ 1 kuajtlaw/, kuajtl aw/ N Chinese

    ~ d tJ

    n d 1 b'V'l eJ~ suajkwaaph9"an/ to be the most

    noodles.
    n 1n,-- ~eJ kwag/, kwagmyy/ V to beckon (to), sum-

    beautiful one of all, more beautiful than any of the others.


    b n~ n d 1 kaan/kwaa~ beyond, far more than; far

    mon (a person) by waving one's hand (palm downward). o

    too; far too much.


    ~ ~ n1

    t.6(J1n1n~eJ1;~~J.J1 khawkwag/myy/-h~jchan~
    maa/ He motioned to me to come over.
    b rtJ

    1 ( ... )
    I

    ~~

    conkwaa/( ...

    )ca~

    right up until,

    until the time that.


    J.J 1 n n 1 1 ( 1) ma.ag/kwaa/; ( 2)
    c!
    ~

    n 1n~eJ
    ...., n1 ~

    n kwagmyy/rtag/

    to summon, call

    ma.ag/kwaa~

    1. more,

    (someone) over (by beckoning with one's hand). kwad/ V to swing, sway. Chiefly in compounds.
    ...., I

    -er. 2. more than, -er than.


    tJ
    ~

    n 1 1~~ jtu/kwaanan/ moreover.


    Cl
    I I

    n 1 ~ t.t.n 1 ~ kwadkwu/ V 1. to swing, brandish.

    bVl6i eJ'U 1 n d 1 bb ~ ~

    lyabaa/kwaareeu/ e 1 a b. c

    11 0 q.

    2. to oscillate, swing.

    to be more than one can do, take on, shoulder.

    n1~ 1 n1 n1~ Vl1 ~

    kwadkwaj / V to swing, sway.

    n1 1 ~

    ~1) kwaau/ (tua/) N deer.


    ( t. 6(1 1,
    6(J

    kwadh~au / V to wag the tail.


    cu

    b 6(1 1 n 1 1 ~

    1 ~)

    kh~wkwaau/ (kh~w/,

    kha.au/)

    n 1 1 in t.t.l?l ~ n 1 1 ( 1 'U ~ ~ n, ~ ~)

    teeukwaa/ (baj/,

    N antlers.
    n d 1 ~ kwa.au /

    1tlug/, phi>n/)
    I

    N cucumber. sV 1. more (to a greater degree),

    to be broad, wide. Fl d 1 J.J - bt.FI'U.

    breadth'

    n11 kwaa/,

    kwaa~

    width. -Ant.

    -er (often followed by n~); more than, -er than. N 2. colloq. (and a) remainder. In this sense,

    nd 1 ~ 6(j d 1 ~ kwa.aukhw~au/ v
    popular (of persons).

    1. to be roomy,

    spacious, vast, extensive. 2. to be well-known,


    eJtJ 1 ~--

    n11

    usually follows a elf, and may be trans-

    extensively.

    lated "over, more than; after (a specified time)"; 4th example. Cj 3. by the time that, before. In this sense often followed by -Syn. 2.
    0

    n;1 ~ 1VI~ kwa.aujaj/ V to be large, wide, extensive. 1~ n; 1 ~ cajkwa.au/ V to be generous, magnanimous.


    n 1 1 ~ ~ ~ kwaautfiu/ pN Canton. n 1 1 f1 kwaad/ V to sweep.
    n d 1 ~ l?l eJ~
    kwaadt~Jn/

    ~ ~;

    5th example.

    t. A~ el eg.
    dii/.kwaa~

    AI

    n d 1 diikwaa/,
    I A

    to be better, better

    to herd.

    than.
    AI

    n1 1 ~'U 1~ kwaadMan/ to sweep the house.


    dii/kwaa::: ... nfdn~Jj/ a

    ~n 1 1 .. ~~Vl~eJtJ

    n 1 1 ~ 6i 1 ~ kwaadlaau/ V

    1. to clean out, wipe out.

    little bit better than.


    0

    2. f i g. to purge, eliminate, kill off.


    n 1 1 ~ ~ 1 tJ l?l1 kwaad/ s~ajtaa/ to sweep (with one's

    ~ nd 1 btJ~ n eJ ~

    AI

    C:

    dii/kwaapenkJJt)/ to be much

    better. o &
    I

    gaze).
    1

    1J.J~;tn 1 1
    t:S

    ha.amajkwaa/ over five miles (but


    Cl ._,
    Q..l

    tJ~ n1 1 ~'U 1~ padkwaad/Man/ V to clean house,


    i.e. to dust and sweep.

    less than six). o n 1 1 ~ ~ l?l n bl ~ J.J eJ t:J ~'U kwaacatbg/ -thyumyy/phfiu~


    cu

    1~n 1 1 ~
    broom.

    ( ; 1 J.J,

    eJ~)

    majkwaad/ (da.am/, ?an/) N

    rab/ by the time (or before) it gets to the recipient.


    I

    n 11 ~ kwila.kwaa/ co 11 o q. (and a) small fraction;


    hence, somewhat more than, slightly more than, just a little more than, just over, just after.

    N candy, esp. bonbons, hard candies .

    nd 1 ~
    .....

    .....

    kwa.an/
    .....

    to haul in; to take great quantities of.

    n1 1~~8 kwa.ansyy1 V to comer the market (by

    21
    buying up in large quantities).

    builder.
    'W n-~

    n1 ( A'W) kawii' (khon') N poet.


    ~A
    0"'

    poet.

    bl1 'W t1 n eJ ~ ~ 1 ~

    sath~anth 1 ik~:>s~au'

    N construe-

    n 1 'W'W'W 6

    d ( 6~

    eJ ~ ) kawii'nfphon' (r9au') N poetry.

    tion site.
    n e:JV! 1 eJ ~
    k~:>w~:>d'

    ~'WI71 n 1
    'Ulln

    ( A'W)

    cintakawii' (khon') N poet. N poetry. This includes all


    LA61

    V to start, cause (trouble,

    1 bbdkawii'

    mischief}.

    kinds of verse forms, viz.


    n61e:J'W.
    0"' 0"' 0"'

    ~, ~'Wllcr', n 1'Wt.t,

    ~ eJ 1; 6n ~ k~:>'h~jk~8d' v
    I

    to cause, give rise to.

    ne:J8: n eJ . See n eJ n
    0"' 0"'

    k~:>?}dl to lay bricks.


    ~

    n~!71 ~ tJ ( eJ ~A, 'W ~ ~ eJ ~A) kasad' (?ou', phra?ou') N


    king, monarch.
    'W :1 ~ d.JV!1 n~l71 ~ tJ
    0"'

    61 ~ n eJ el'W)

    under

    61 ~

    ~.

    <9)

    kjgl*(?an')

    N faucet, spigot, tap, cock.

    ( eJ ~A, 'W ~ ~ eJ ~A)

    phramah~a 1 ka=

    [f. Eng. cock]


    ~

    sad' (?ou 1 , phra?ou/) N king: "great king."


    n~n~

    n eJ n'Wo1

    ( el'W)

    kjgnaam' (?an/)

    N water-tap, faucet.

    (A'W) kasik:>:>n/ (khon/) N eleg. farmer,

    'Wo1n eJ n namkjgl N tap water. n eJ n l.J in

    agriculturist.

    -s y n.

    5(}1 1'W 1

    com. idem.

    l~,; eJ n

    majkjgl* N 1. cork (the material}.

    n~ n ~ ~ J..J kasikam/ N agriculture. n 1 ~-tural country.

    2. a cork (stopper). [f. Eng. cork]

    lJ s ~ b fl Fl n~ n ~ s ::W prath@ed/kasikam' N agricul-

    n eJ ~

    ( n eJ ~ )

    k:>:>:rJ/ (k::>::>:rJ')

    N 1. troop, force. 2.

    pile, heap. 3. division (i.e. a subdivision of a

    neJ

    k::>::>'

    clump (of growing plants' trees).

    n ~ d-J
    n eJ ~ L ~ ~

    see note under

    nS ~ fl ~ 1 ~ ) .

    C 4. i de m.

    n eJ l ~ ( n eJ ) k::>::>phaj / (k::>:>') N a clump of bamboo.

    V 5. to pile up. 6. to be piled up, lie in a heap.


    ( n eJ ~ ) k::>::>:rJCOon' (k::>::>:rJ') N 1. robber

    neJ
    I

    k~::>'

    V 1. to build, construct. 2. to start, create, -Dis t. 111.


    C:::

    gang. 2. guerrilla band.


    n eJ ~ 1711:1 1 ~ ( n eJ ~ ) k::>:>:rJtamruad' (k::>:>:rJ') N police

    originate.

    n eJ n ~ ~ ::wrt1 b6()61!
    crimes.

    k~:>kam'thamkhen'

    v e 1 a b.

    force.
    n eJ ~ ll'Vl1 ~ ( n eJ ~ )
    k::>:>:rJthah~an'

    co 11 o q. to cause trouble, do evil, commit

    (k:>:>:rJ')

    N troops,

    forces, anny.

    n eJ n d 'W

    k~:>kuan'

    1. to agitate, stir up.

    2. to

    n eJ ~ TI'W

    ( n eJ ~ TI'W)

    k::>::>:rJthab' (k::>:>:rJthab'} N 1. the

    bother, annoy.

    armed forces (of a country). 2. an army, force;

    neJ n1 :1

    k~::>kaan'

    v to instigate (an affair, a


    ~--

    troops, forces.
    0

    disturbance).

    rebel, revolutionary. to instigate a revo-

    n eJ ~ TI'W'U n k::>:>:rJthab'lX>g' N anny, military land

    neJ n1 :JtJ~ 1~ k~:>kaan'patiwad'


    lution.

    forces. o

    -Abbrev.

    fl'U.

    neJ ~ tl'W 6~ eJ

    k:>:>:rJthab/rya' N navy, naval forces.

    neJ n1 :1 ~ l

    tJ

    k~::>kaan'raaj'

    to make trouble, cause

    -Abbrev. tl ~. o n eJ ~ rl'W eJ 1 n 1 Fl k:>::>:rJthabl?aakaad' N air force.

    violence. o 'W1nne:Jn1:J:JltJ
    I

    phfiagk~::>kaan'raaj'

    N trouble-

    -Abbrev. fle:l.

    makers, gangsters, saboteurs.


    n eJ nol b{j~ k~::>'kamn88d'

    n eJ ~tr~ A'Un 1 ~ ( n eJ ~, bb'Vl~) k::>::>u'-ba:ukhab'kaan'


    (k:>::>:rJ', hu')
    n eJ ~ tJ61!5(} 1 n 1 ~

    to originate, initiate,

    N m i 1 it. general headquarters.


    ( n eJ ~ 'Ll'Vl~)

    give birth (to).

    k::>::>:rJ'banchaakaan'

    neJ Q k~::>'kO.u' V to restore, bring back, build up. n eJ (


    ) 6(J'W k~::>( ... )kh~n' to start, initiate.
    &'

    (k:>:>:rJ', hu')
    n eJ ~'W61

    N m i 1 it. headquarters.

    ( n eJ ~ 'n eJ ~'W~) k:>:>:rJphon' (k::>:>:rJ', k::>::>:rJphon')

    neJ l 'W
    I

    k:,::>faj'

    to start a fire, build a fire. V to start trouble, cause o


    0

    N m i 1 it. division.
    neJ~'W61'We:JtJ

    d neJ 6 ~ eJ ~ k~::>~a:u'

    k::>:>:rJphonnj::>j/ N brigade. k:>:>:rJphonjaj I N division.

    trouble.
    n eJ 1'W 1 Fl n :1 ~ d.J k~::>'wfn~adsakam' v
    '-'

    n eJ ~ 'W (;11 VI~

    to engage in saboteur.
    I

    n eJ ~ ~'W

    ( n eJ ~ 'n eJ ~ ~'W) k::>::>:rJphan' (k:>:>:rJ', k::>::>:rJphan')

    sabotage, cause destruction. BJ-I

    N battalion.
    n eJ ~ l 'W ( n eJ ~) k::>:>:rJfaj' (k:>::>:rJ')

    neJ ~ ~ 1 ~

    k~::>s~au'

    V to build, construct.

    6(] 1 ~--

    N bonfire.

    22

    n erw
    n EJ ~ eJ n k~Jd?bg/ V to fold one's arms over the

    department of vehicles. 2. m i 1 it. motorized unit.

    chest.
    ~ d :w

    neJ ~

    suamk~Jd/

    to embrace.

    neJ'W

    k~Jn/

    sV 1. previous. 2. first(beforedoing

    mored unit.
    n EJ ~ ~ EJtJ ( n eJ ~,

    something else). Sometimes best translated

    nEJ ~ ~ e:JtJ)

    kJJurjJj/ (kJJu/, kJJu:::

    "for a while"; 2nd example. Cj 3. before. Pp 4. before.


    d
    ~
    <r'l

    r:SJj/)

    N milit. company.
    ( n eJ ~) kJJuryar6b/ (kJJU/)

    nEJ ~ n eJ ~

    l! eJ ~'U

    N fleet

    l J.J eJ eJ 111171 tJ n e:J'W m9a ?aath f d/k~Jn/ last week.

    (of

    v~rarships).

    ( )

    1; ~JJU/ ( ... )waj /

    o fl'W;1 1 ~ e:J'W~ V to heap, pile o

    kinkh.aw/k~Jns]/~

    Have some

    food first (i.e. before you do anything else).

    (something) up.

    tle.J~:W~e:J'W'W~ kh3Jjyym/k~Jnna/~

    May I borrow

    n EJ ~ b1Jb1J 1'W ( n eJ ~
    corps.

    ) kJJusanjaan/ (kJJU/)

    N signal

    it a while (i.e. before you use it again)? o ll LJ ~ ~ cVr'W ~ e:J'W l ; 1 'W e:J'W

    preeufan/k~Jnkh.wnJJn/ ~

    nEJ ~ 'Vl~'W

    ( neJ ~) kJJunun/ (kJJU/)

    N the military
    I

    Brush your teeth before going to bed.


    n e:J'W ~ k~Jnk~Jn/ past, previous (implying plurality

    reserves.
    'Yl El tJ n El ~ thJJjkJJU/

    N a kind of gambling game

    in the noun).

    -See

    iJ- - , 1'W- -

    below.

    in which players throw coins at a stack of cards or coins which serve as the stake.

    n El'W ~ ~
    I

    k~Jn/ ca:::

    before (doing such and such). before (doing such and such). -Abbrev.

    n e:J'W 'Yl ~
    d

    ~ k~Jn/th]ica:::

    ltJ'WneJ~

    penkJJU/ colloq. much, a lot, a heap,

    n e.J'W 6 'YltJ ~ k~Jnthtau/ A.M., before noon. n.'Yl.


    d

    heaps, abundanti y. o

    ~ n ~ 1l ~'W n EJ ~
    coJ

    dii/kwaapenkJJU/ to be much
    c:;

    n e.J'W l 'W e.J'W


    n e:J'W l 1 '11
    I

    k~Jnph9an/

    c 0110 q. first, before other

    better, a lot better. o l ~ 1 ;w l ~ 'W171 ~ l 'lJ'W n eJ ~ khawmiiuan/t.upenkJ:JU/ ~ He has a heap of money.


    bLJ'W n eJ ~ ~
    c:;

    things, before anyone else.


    k~Jnweelaa/

    early, ahead of time.

    n e:J'WVI'W 1 n e:J'W EJ'W


    ~
    I

    k~Jnn.a/

    before, previously, prior to. first of all, before anything else.

    eJ ~ n eJ ~ penkJJU/ S3JukJJU/ e 1 a b.

    k~Jn?)ryn/

    co 11 o q. a lot, a whole lot, heaps; a lot of, a whole lot of, heaps of. o
    ~

    Fl ~ ~ n e:J'W khrauk~Jn/ last time, the time before;

    previously, formerly.
    Fl ~ 1 d n eJ'W khraawk~Jn/ the time before, on the last

    6 ~'W 6~'W n eJ ~
    I

    ~ El ~ n eJ ~ uan/ -penkJJu/s3JukJJU/

    lots of money, heaps of money.


    6'lJ'W n 1 tJ l LJ'W n El ~ penkaaj/penkJJU/ e 1 a b. co 11 o q.
    c:;

    occasion.
    V1~ne:J'W ch.adk:,Jn/ (one's) previous life, existence.
    l ~ e.J'W n e.J'W dyank~Jn/ last month.
    Ul?l n e.J'W
    tek~Jn/, tak~Jn/*
    I I

    a lot, a whole lot, heaps; a lot of, a whole lot of, heaps of.
    I

    in the past, in former

    :W 1 n:w 1 tJ

    n1 tJ n eJ ~

    m.agmaaj/kaajkJJU/ e 1 a b.

    times, previously.
    LJ~~ l~tJ'JnEJ'W prad1awk~Jn/
    d

    co 11 o q. so much, so many, a whole lot, a great deal.


    ~

    (for) a moment; just

    a minute. 2. to be loud,

    nEJ ~

    k~u/* V 1. to echo, to resound.

    'U ~ EJ'W piik~Jn/

    last year.

    noisy.

    n nnEJ ~ k)rgk~u /
    ~

    i d e m.

    Drl e:J'W ~ pii/k~Jnk~Jn/ the past years. 1LJ ne.J'W pajk~Jn/ v 1. to walk ahead, go ahead.
    sV 2. for the time being, temporarily, ahead of time, in advance.
    :W 1 n eJ'W maak~Jn/

    6 ~tJ

    ~ n EJ ~ sTauk~u/ N echo.
    V com. 1. to embrace, hug. 2. to
    17J~;::;ne:J~

    nEJ~ k~Jd/

    caress. -Syn.
    CtJ CtJ

    eleg. c 0110 q.

    before, in the past.

    nEJ ~ ~'U~'UFl6io1 k~Jd/cuub/ -lt1ub/khlam/ v


    to pet, to neck.

    l ~ eJ n e:J'W m~ak~Jn/ before, previously.


    6i 1 n eJ'W laak~Jn/ good- bye. Used only by one who

    neJ ~ ; ~ k~Jd/ rad /

    to embrace' hug.

    is leaving, departing.

    nerw
    1 'W n eJ'W wank:,Jn' the other day.
    G./

    23
    arm.''
    ~ ~ ~

    1 'W f1 eJ'W ~

    wan 1 k:,Jnk:,Jn'

    the previous days.


    "--'

    iJ 1 f1 eJ tJ n eJ tJ
    n~
    <9)

    ( {j 1 )

    nfwk~j' (n fw') N the little finger.

    ~ JJtJ ~ eJ 'W

    samaj 'k:,Jn' formerly, in the old days,

    k~j'* N tails (the reverse of a coin).

    in former times. 6 ~ tJ neJ'W s fak:,Jn' first, beforehand, in advance.


    n eJ'W
    k~Jn'

    Lt.l'W~1 Lt.J'W; eJ tJ joonhua'joonk~j'


    (

    V to flip a coin.

    n~)

    ka?l (ka?')

    N colloq. round, period,

    1. lump. 2. elf. for lumpy objects,

    shift.

    e.g. rocks, lumps of clay or sugar, cubes of sugar, chunks or hunks of coal or charcoal, bricks, broken bricks, cakes of soap, clouds, and figuratively, sums of money.

    n~

    ka?l V to estimate, guess, calculate.


    v

    n ~ n 1 ~ ka? 'kaan' V to work out a plan, to plan. n~


    rn ka:::: with.
    v

    -variant of n'U

    <9).

    o tJ ~ n ~ jauka:::: like, as if.


    0

    neJ'W n ~ 1 ~
    gravel.

    k~Jnkruad'

    N small stones, pebbles,

    ~~'VI11~

    . n~

    ...

    rawaau:::: ... ka:::: ...

    between

    (such and such a place or time) and (another place or time).


    n~
    ~

    neJ'W~'W neJ 'W ~'W


    c:
    ~

    k~Jndin' N a clod of earth.

    n eJ'W 6~ eJ ~ k~Jnl1ad' N blood clot.

    ka:::: to, for.

    -variant of 66n rn.

    k~Jnh 1 n' N a rock (of any size).


    penk~Jn'

    o ~n~1~ miikacaj' colloq. 1. to have the will, the spirit (to do something). 2. to be thoughtful, considerate of others; to be kind enough to, con-

    6LJ'W n eJ'W

    1. to be lumpy, to form lumps.

    2. in lumps. o 6~'W n ~ :w 6~'W; e.J'W


    'l

    penklum'penk~Jn'

    e 1 a b.

    siderate enough to.

    co 11 o q. to be all in one piece, in one lump, all nicely together.


    t::>

    n ~- ka::::. Frequent initial syllable, often interchangeable with f1


    ~ ~

    kra::::, sometimes with 't1- kha::::.

    <:;;"

    <:;;"

    'I

    oo ~ 1 d-J 6 ~ 'W 6Ll'W n ~ J.J 6LJ'W n e.J'W ruamudn 1 -penklum'::::


    penk~Jn'

    Look under these latter spellings for items not found below.
    I

    to gather the money (from different

    sources) into one lump sum.


    n eJ'U
    <9)

    n ~ bb V

    kach~e'

    N liquor made from the sap of a palm.

    k:,Jb 1 V to scoop up (with the hands), take

    n ~ 11 ~ ( 1'U) katha?' {baj ') N frying pan, skillet.

    up handfuls.
    n eJ'Uf1 k:,Jb'kOu' V to restore, redeem, save.
    '\J

    n~ fi

    kathf?l N coconut cream (the liquid squeezed from the grated meat of a ripe coconut; used as a cooking ingredient).

    n eJ'U LntJ k:,Jbkooj' V to gather in, scoop together


    ~

    (in large amounts). 6 ~'Wn e.J'U 6~'Wf11 penk:,Jb'penkam' e 1 a b. co 11 o q. 1. to be solid, substantial, productive, effective, with tangible results. 2. solidly, substantially, as a steady thing, as a staple.
    6 ~'W~'W.
    C:
    I

    tl1f1~TI namkathf?/

    N coconut cream.

    ~1 n ~ TI huakathf?' N 1. concentrated coconut cream,


    obtained when the coconut meat is pressed the first time. 2. fig u r. the cream, i.e. the best part (of anything).
    'VI1 ~

    -s y n.

    6i.J'W~o1

    n ~ TI haaukathf?l N dilute coconut cream,

    n eJ'U ~ . Variant spelling of f1 El tJ ~ . ; eJtJ5 in

    obtained after the coconut meat has been pressed repeatedly.

    n ~ ~ ~ 1(<:}; e.JtJff

    kradaad'kjbpti'* N carbon

    paper. [f. Eng. copy]

    n~ b 111 ~ kathj?' V
    V to consist of, com-

    1. to flake, chip off, be chipped.

    nOU ~ ( ~ 1 tJ)
    prise.
    ~

    k~Jb'(dQaj::::)

    2. to crack, shell (nuts, seeds).


    f1 ~ bb 11 in Lb:W ~

    -Also spelled f1 eJ'U.


    v

    -s y n.

    i.J ~ ~ f1 eJ'U.

    n~ bb 'Yl

    ( t?l1)

    meukathte'* N a kind

    neJ EJ

    iJ 1 ) k~j 1 *(n fw') N the little finger. 6ntJ d neJ tJ ( fl'W) k1awk~j'(kan) v to hook each
    <9) (

    of bug, known for its distinctive odor when crushed ( Pentatomidae).

    other's little fingers (of lovers, or of intimate friends of the same sex, esp. w.).
    0
    I

    n ~<tJ~

    ( eJ'W)

    kaba:n' (?an')

    N weir, a dam combined

    with an underwater fish trap. to walk with


    f1 ~D kab1 ?I C a chunk, a lump {of anything).

    6 ~'W 6 nt.J d n e.Jt.J dddn 1 k1awk~j/

    '1..-

    little fingers hooked. Cf. Eng. "walk arm in

    n~clJ kap}?l

    N shrimp paste.
    ~-

    If item is not found under n ~- see n ~

    , 't1- .

    24

    n ~ 1 ~ ~ n n ~ L~ ~ n kaphlooglkaphl~egl V 1. to limp.
    sV 2. with a limp.
    n~'W~.

    {ltlugl, bajl) endocarp.

    N hard shell of the coconut, the

    See entries below.

    'LJ ~ 1 n ~ 'W ~

    ( 1?11 ) plaakaphoul (tual)

    N a general

    n~ 1V~Iiinf1 r'tf~
    kaloogl)

    (1LJ, n~ 1V~~n)
    N anat. skull.

    kalooglsiisa?l (bajl,

    name for marine fish of the perch and bass families. VleJ t.J n ~'W ~

    i1 n ~ 1 VI~ n ( 1 'U, i1) huakaloogl (bajl, hual)


    N a kind of
    Q..l

    ( 1?11) h~jkaphoul* (tual)

    N skull.

    sea mussel (Modiola senhauseni).

    n n kagl V 1. to confine, restrict, detain, shut in,


    shut up. 2. to store, stock, accumulate.

    n ~'W ~'W in UJ.J ~ n ~'W ~'W ( 1711) 9 9


    N jellyfish (Medusae).

    meukaphrunl* (tual)

    n nn 'W
    v
    tobeinvulnerable.

    kagkanl

    1. to confine, restrict, detain,

    n~cW'W in FJ~n~cW'W khoukaphanl


    n ~ ;~ in 'LJ~ 1 n ~ ;~
    I I

    shut in, shut up. 2. to store, stock, accumulate.

    ( 1711) plaakaraul (tua 1 ) N

    n1 ~ hu 1 )
    'I

    confinement.
    kh~aj lkagkanl {kh~aj 1,

    grouper, a salt-water fish (Epenephelus).

    o Fl1 t.J n n n 'W ( Fl1 t.J , bb VI~ )

    n ~ ~ ~ n~ ~ ~ kartlu 1 kar1u 1 v 1. to be ragged, in


    tatters, in shreds. sV 2. in tatters, in shreds.
    d n ~ L~

    N concentration camp.

    nn!?I'W kagtunl [ ~'W f. Chin.]

    tohoard.

    n1~--

    hoarding.

    tJ n ~

    1171

    kar!alkar~adl

    V to be scattered,

    strewn about.
    d t.J:Wn~ L~t.Jn~~1171 jfml-kar}alkar~adl
    ~

    ~ 1 tJ rln b 6(}~ tJ
    to smile
    I'll

    ~ 1 tJ ) kh~aj lkagchalaaj I (kh~aj I)

    N prisoner-of-war camp.

    wryly and sheepishly, with embarrassment, confusion.


    I

    nn. See entries below. [f. Chin.]


    ~
    d~

    n n ( UVI ~) s'l ikagl (hu 1 ) N crossroads, intersection.

    n~ ~ eJ'W
    n~ &1 ~ JJ~

    kal~nl*

    1. to be a glib talker. 2. to be

    deceitful, unreliable.

    L~ eJ ~n
    N

    ( 1711)

    s~akagl
    v

    (tual)

    N vest, waistcoat.

    (1'U, ~ n) cu

    kalamaul (bajl, 11lugl)

    en-

    nn6(J'W~ kaglkhala?l
    vulgar.

    to be hard, rough, cruel, vile,

    ameled bowl or basin.

    n ~Iii 1 ( 1'U, Iii n) kalaal {baj I, ltlugl) cu


    shell, used as a bowl.

    N 1. hard

    rl~6(J1 kaukh~al V 1. lit.,eleg. to doubt, have doubts,


    be skeptical. N 2. doubt, skepticism. Fl 1 1 J.J- doubt, skepticism.

    shell of the coconut. 2. a half of a coconut

    n~ ~ 1 ~
    n~ 1~

    ( Fl'W) kalaasiil (khonl)

    N sailor, seaman.

    n~ d ~ kauwon 1 v to worry, be concerned, anxious.


    Fl 1 1 J.J- - worry.

    -Dis t. TIVI1 ~ L~ eJ .

    (1'U)

    kal()ol (baj I)

    N a large, flat round

    n ~ 1 1 'W kauwaanl V 1. to be resonant, sonorous.


    N 2. resonance, sonority.

    Q..l

    tray of bamboo, coated with dammar to make it waterproof.

    n~i'W ( eJ'W) kauh~nl (?ani)


    muagkalflol {bajl) N sun

    N 1. windmill. 2. weather -Also


    ~ ~

    VI:W1nn~1~
    helmet.

    (1'U)

    vane. 3. pinwheel (child's toy).

    vrW.

    rlb1J6(}1 kanchaal N hashish, marijuana, i.e. Indian


    hemp (Cannabis sativa).
    d ~
    Q..l

    d ~VI~

    , LL n ~-- karlil, keeukarlil N Indian curry.


    [f. Tamil] -Also Ln eJVI

    kaarlil.

    nrnsn kanl c 1. chapter, section (of a religious text).


    2. sermon.
    Q..l

    n ~VI~o1171 eJ n ( 171 eJ n, cJ1) kalamld~:Jgl {d~:Jgl, hual)


    N cauliflower. !?I'W-plant.
    I

    ( !?I'W)

    the cauliflower

    nl71 kadl

    V 1. to bite. 2. (a snake) to strike. 3. to

    corrode, eat away (by chemical action). N cabbage.

    n~VI~o1'LJ~ ( cJ1) kalamlpliil (hual)

    rl171rl'W kadlkan V to fight {of animals).

    !?I 'W - d n ~LVI~

    ( !?I 'W ) the cabbage plant.

    rl171'LJ~ 1 kadplaal V 1. to have a fishfight. N 2.


    a fishfight.

    t.J ~ karlaul N Karen, the Karens.


    N 1. skull.

    n ~ 1 VI Iii n ( n ~ 1 VI~ n) kaloogl (kaloogl)

    nrrvr'W

    kadfan 1

    1. to gnash one's teeth.

    2.

    2. hard shell of the coconut, used as a cup.


    If item is not found under n ~ -

    co 11 o q. to grin and bear (it), be patient. see

    n~

    - , 6(J- .

    25
    .,_.,
    .,_.,

    ~ n ...

    n ~ thuug:; ... kad' to be bitten by (some( l?l1) plaakad' (tua')

    'W 1 n'W phaa'kan:;

    AA adv. -aux. indicating con-

    thing).
    IJ611 rl~l

    certed action, simultaneous and indentical action N Siamese fighting by the members of a group.

    fish (Betta).
    Q..l

    o 'W 1 rl'W~'d 6 ~ 1 ~ phaa'kanhuarj?/ everybody


    laughed (together).
    6 ~ n rl'W l~ag'kan

    n'W

    e9>

    kan' reP 1. each other, one another, mutually, together. 2. severally (imparting a distributive sense to the verb). Often not rendered explicitly in English.

    c 0110 q. 1. to be separated,

    divorced. 2. to break off a friendship, break off dealings with each other. 3. that's all; we've finished (common phrase ending a telephone conversation).
    .,_.,

    o FHJ rl'W khuj'kan to chat, converse with one q


    another.
    o

    1LJ 611 J.J rl'W l bl e:J ~


    l'll'W'llij~1'Yl6(J'Un'W
    ~

    .,_.,

    .,_.,

    11

    pajth.1am'kanthd?/ Let's go ask.


    J.J66l?ln penpanhaa'-thtikhbb':;

    l661 1 n 'W
    ~ ~

    C9)

    See entries below.


    k~leew'kan

    .,_.,

    o n 66611 n'W

    1. mildly hortatory ex-

    kanm~jteeg'

    It's a problem they can't solve,

    pression: let's, you might (do such and such). Often indicates indifference: go ahead and (do such and such; it would be all the same to me).
    2. that's it, that's all there is to it.

    a problem that can't be solved.

    o l~'W~J.J~6~~1~~A'W6(Je:Jn'WJ.J1n6~~e:J6n'W udn':;
    mbd'- phr:Smiikhon'- kh3-;:,'kanm~ag' -lyakdan' ~

    The money is all used up, because so very many people have (each, severally) asked for some.
    I
    cj

    6D'WU;'d rl'W penleew'kan that's settled; that

    does it; that's all (i.e. we've finished what we had to say).

    o l91l~ 6 ~tJ'Un'W1'llA~~'W~ taau'-u'iabkanpajkhrOu':; '\l


    nyu~ Each remained silent for a moment.

    C>-1

    U;1 rl'W l&J

    leew'kan~

    E exclamative indicating

    surprise and disappointment.


    aJ .,_.,

    n~ ~ 'Ylo1rl'W
    1

    kratham'kan:; to be done, accomplished,

    6~J.J e:J'W n'W myankan' 1. to be similar, alike, the

    effectuated; (a conference) to be held, conducted.

    same. 2. also, too, likewise. 3. either (with negative expressions). -See cross reference.

    n6111 rl'W 1 1 klaaw'kanw~a' it is said that; they


    say that.

    eJ~ 1 ~ rl'W ?arajkan'~ What's up? Something's up.


    -See cross reference.
    .,_.,
    1

    rl'W66~ ~ rl'W kan'lekan' each other, one another


    (often preceded by
    6; 11 ~ rl'W 1 1
    1

    l?l e:J,

    ~ ~ , 66~ ~

    ) .

    n'W l&J kan' P I, me (m. sp. to intimate m. ; otherwise

    kh~wcaj 'kanw.a'

    it is understood
    .,_.,

    derogatory). Paired with un "you."


    n'W l e:J ~ kan?eeu' I myself; me myself. rl'W m in rl'W 6 e:J ~ kan?eeu' N 1. an intimate, an equal. A'W--

    that.

    ~ l.Jll'W cob' kan~ That's the end of it all ! No use


    continuing! (expression of despair).

    2. intimate, familiar, informal.

    an ac-

    ~1 tJ rl'W 6 e:J ~

    chfiaj 'kan?eeu' to help each other

    quaintance, an intimate, an equal. e:J tJ 1 ~ - informally; in a friendly, intimate manner.


    .,_.,

    out, help themselves out.


    1711 tJ rl'W d(lajkan'

    1. together.

    2. altogether, all

    NOTE. Distinguish the sequence expressions like

    n'W 6 eJ ~

    in

    told, in all. 3. along, together with (them, us, etc.). -See cross reference.

    ~1 lJ rl'W 6 e:J ~

    under
    .,_.,

    where it has the sense of "mutually themselves (ourselves)." Distinguish also n'W 6 eJ ~
    .,_.,

    ~ rltJ dii'kan to be reconciled, to make up.


    6~tJ 1 rl'W diaw'kan the same.

    "I myself"

    under

    n'W

    [.].

    ~171 rl'W tad'kan 1. to intersect. 2. to contrast


    with one another.
    l91

    o
    ~

    11

    Q'W 1 ;6f1~ ;'U rl'W 6 e:J


    11

    chctn'

    chcijsamr~bkan?eeu' ~

    .,_.,

    The pronoun
    .,_.,

    11

    Q'W

    11

    is used with intimates.

    'l ~ rl'W taau'kan to differ, be different, be sepa-

    b 'll'W n'W

    6 e:J ~

    pen'kan?eeu' to be intimate, familiar,

    rate (i.e. from each other).


    6lJ'W'Yl'Yl~
    ~

    informal; to feel at home.


    .,_.,

    l'Un'W'd 1 penth'iis.ab'kanw.a' it is known

    .,_.,

    n'W

    kan' V 1. to prevent, ward off, protect from.


    2. to bar, shield, cut off, obstruct.

    that.

    26

    rl'WV'W

    ( eJ'W)

    kanchon/ (?an/)

    N 1. buffer. 2.

    o 6(JeJi'W'W~eJ~'J1~n'U~'W kh:SJ:g/nan/ t~:gwaa:g/kadin/~ Those things have to be set on the ground. o


    6 6() 1 111~ 1 6 ~ tJ 'J rl'U ~ 1 :i:JVl~ eJ'W khawtham/taakhlaw/kasaa/miil~Jn/ ~ She glared angrily at her husband.
    0
    I

    '-'

    cv

    bumper (as of automobile}.


    ""' khumkan/ V to protect, guard against. FI:Wn'W
    'l '-'

    o
    dcv

    6 ~ eJ FI:Wrl'W
    'I

    ( ~o'l)
    d

    rya/khumkan/ {lam/)

    convoy, armed ship used as an escort.


    't1n'WJltJ
    cv

    ~ 1 'U tJ 1 tJ taa/kajaaj / maternal grandparents


    (''grandfather and grandmother").
    0
    I '-' I

    ( u~ i, 11)

    thti/kanphaj/ {he:g/, thti/}

    shelter. o fln'WJltJl11 i eJ 1 n 1 A thti/kanphaj/ -thaa:g?aak~ad/ N air-raid shelter.


    d ""' ""'

    o ~ 1U~'W~~'Wo1~neJtJrl'U
    'U 'U

    tamne:g/phfiunam/ tog/=:

    juuka=: . . .

    The leadership fell to (so and so).

    o Vl1 tJ 1'U 1 Url'U ~ 1 hi1aj/wab/ -pajkataa/ ~ It disappeared from sight. o eJ 'J

    tJ eJ i rl'W p~:gkan/* V 1. to protect, defend. 2. to


    take a preventive measure.

    n 1 ~ - - defense,
    {phtyn/) N apron.

    ~Hi n 66J.J 'J rl'U;1


    'U

    ?uad/lfiugmeew/- kanaa/ ~ She

    protection; prevention {of disease, crime).


    ; 1 rl'W 6 eJ'W

    showed the kitten to her aunt.


    n ~'U n'U
    kl~b/ka=:

    ( ~'W)

    ph~akanp9an/

    to be the reverse of, the opposite

    tJ 1 rl'W 6 ~eJ L~ Fl jaakan/chyar6og/ N antiseptic.


    ""' & kan/ V to shave, remove hair. n'W
    Q../

    of.
    nL.J6() 1 'J
    ~

    kakh~aw/

    "with rice." -Dis t.

    n'U6(J 1 'J

    n'W

    k~n/

    V 1. to cut off {by coming between), to shut


    Q./

    under
    n'Ufl
    ~

    n'U

    ~.

    off, bar, block. 2. to shelter, cover. 3. to be cut off, sheltered {from, by}.
    n'W ~ 'J k~nroa/ V to put up a fence. ""' ~ ~ n ~ n'W sakad/k~n/ V to block the way, obstruct
    ~ ~

    k~btha:g/*

    and also, and in addition, together -Also

    with, withal.
    6 6() 1 n'U

    n'U l1 ~ ... ~ 'J tJ

    Q../

    '-'

    kh~w/ka=:

    to side with.

    Fl ~ 1 tJ rl'U ( 'J 1)

    khlc!aj/ka{w~a/) as if, as though.

    the advance.
    rl'W 1 n ~ ( 6~:w) kankraj/ (l@m/) N scissors. Var-

    ~ ~ ~ rl'U tro:g/ka=: to correspond exactly to.

    ~ ~ rl'U thy:g/ka=: so (e.g. sick} that; so as, to the


    point that, until. o
    6~'U~Hn'U~n
    ~
    c!1
    Q../

    iant of

    n~ ~1 n~ .

    rl'W~ 1 ~ kandaan/ V 1. to be barr~n, arid. 2. to be


    lacking in.

    :W6(J'W

    1.}'

    ceb/-thy:gkalug/m~jkh9n/

    to

    be so sick that one can't get up.


    6111 rl'U th~w/ka=: to be the same as, to equal, be

    rl'W~ 1 ~'Wo1 kandaan/naam/ to lack water, be short


    of water.
    't1 s rl'W~ 1 ~ thurakandaan/ V to be extremely arid,
    'I

    '-'

    equal to, be equivalent to; as ... as.


    tJ
    ~

    n'U ja:gka=: co 11 o q. like, as if. Variant of


    eJtJ1~n'U.

    barren, waste (e.g. land).


    rl'W 1~

    ~ ( 6 ~:W)
    iant of

    kantraj/ (l@m/)

    N scissors. Var-

    ~ ~~'J

    1 ~ n'U.

    raw~a:g=:

    ... ka=: . . .

    between

    n~ ~ 1 n~ .
    rltJtJ 1 tJ'W September.

    (such and such a place or time) and (another place or time). idem.
    ;'Url'U rab/ka=:
    d

    rl'WtJ. Abbrev. for

    rl'WtJ 1 tJ'W kanjaa/jon/ N September.

    l ~ eJtJ--

    1. to match. 2. to be in line with.

    -The names of all the months are listed under


    b ~ eJ'W I

    3. to become, be becoming to (someone).


    Q../

    eJtJn'U't1 juukathti/ 1. to stay put; to be fixed, still,


    'U

    ""' n'U

    kab/, ka=: with (in the sense of "accompanying"), together with, accompanied by. Other renditions are shown in the examples which
    I

    firm, stationary. 2. firmly, rooted to the ground.


    C:l
    I
    Q../

    (J'W eJ tJ n'U't1 jyyn/juukathti/ 1. to stand pat, stand


    'U

    firm (resist). 2. to stand in one place.


    eJtJ rl'U 6VltJ 1 6 t:.J 1 rl'U 6 ~ eJ'W juukaj~w/f~wkaryan/ to
    'U
    '-' '-'

    follow. NOTE. Since rl'U is usually pronounced ka=:, it will be so transcribed throughout this dictionary. Cf.
    '-' I

    stay at home and look after things (considered a good quality for a woman).

    n~

    m,

    a variant written form

    which reflects the usual pronunciation. o n 1 ~ F11 n'U ~ 1 i tJ ~ ~ 6flA kaankhaa/kataa:gprath~ed/ trade with foreign countries.

    n'U

    kab/ N food. Short for the following entries. NOTE. Probably related to rl'U
    <9).

    n 'U Lb n ~

    d-.1

    k~bkltem/ N food eaten with alcoholic

    27
    ~

    n1 ~ b n ~
    with spout. -Also n1~d-J'Wo1, n1'Wo1 kaa't6m:::

    drinks.
    rl'Uti(J 11 kabkhaaw' N 1. food that is eaten with

    naaml, kaanaam'.

    rice. 2. dishes (in the sense of foods). -Dis t.


    rl'U6(J 11 under rl'U
    ~

    n1
    o

    m kaa' V to mark with +, x, or a check.

    <9).

    ~1 ~ ~ n ~1 tJ n 11 ;ri

    thaaphld'- k~chOajkaa'h~jthii'l

    o rf1rl'U6(J 11 thamkabkhaaw' V com. to cook.


    Fl'W-- a cook.
    n'U m
    0 ;

    If there is an error, please mark it, "x" it.

    -Syn.

    11~ ~
    9

    eJ 1Vl1 ~

    eleg.

    6i Jl1 n 16(] 1 ~

    saphaakaachaad' N the Red Cross.

    eJ'W) kab' (?an')

    N trap, snare.

    n 1 n kaag' N refuse, leavings, residue, dregs, dross,


    roughage.
    '\/

    n rl'U l 1~ dagkablwaj I to set OUt a trap.

    n1JLJ in :!f1 n'LJLJ.,..if1

    n~LJ

    chO.akab'chOakan' forever,

    n 1 n'Wo1~ 161

    kaagnamtaan' N molasses.

    for all time, eternally. -see also n~\J.


    n:l-JLJ'W l 'Yl kampanaad' N loud, thundering noise.

    n 1 n:w:;:: 'W ~ 1 1 kaagmaphraaw' N coconut meat


    residue, i.e. the unusable residue left after the meat has been grated and pressed.
    Vl'W 1 n 1 n ( Vl'W 1 n 1 n, eJ'W)

    n:w~6(]1 kam'phuuchaa' N 1 it. Cambodia; Cambocu


    dian. -Syn.
    cu

    b6(Jd-J ~

    com.

    naakaag' (n~akAag', ?an')

    lJ ~:;:: b'Yl Fl n :wcw6(J' 1 prath~ed'- kam'phuuchaa' pN


    e 1 e g., 1 it. Cambodia.

    N mask, hood, cover.


    n 1 n 'U 1 'Yl ( eJ'W)

    kaakabaad' (?an')

    N the plus sign

    n:wJ!'W~Jl1~ kamman'taphaab' N phys., chem.


    activity; radioactivity. o rl:W~'W~Jl1'Wi'~~ kamman'taph~ab'-ra:nsii' N radioactivity.
    b Fl

    (+);the multiplication sign (X); any "x" mark. -sometimes written


    d ~

    n 1 n'U 1 ~ .
    khr9anm~aj 'kaakabaad'

    eJ ~ Vld-J 1 tJ n 1 n 'U 1 'Yl

    ( eJ'W)

    "-'

    N a cross, an "x" mark, a plus mark, i.e. any mark with crossing lines (including the fourth tonal marker).

    n:wd!'W~ r~ ~ kamman'tara:nsii' radioactive.

    n~ n~ 1 'rlSl n~ ~ 1 kallakataa/, kanlakataa', kan'kad:::


    taa, kanlakadtaa' pN Calcutta.
    b~

    eJ ~ - -

    idem.

    l~n 1 n'U 1'Yl


    d

    ( eJ'W)

    majkaakabaad' (?an') ). -s yn.

    N the

    n~LJ in if1 nLJLJif1 n~LJ


    n1 ~ 'l ~:W btJ eJ

    cr'l

    cr'

    chO.akab'chOakan' forever,

    fourth tonal marker (


    bA~eJ~Vl:W1tJn1n'U1'Yl.

    l~~~ 11,

    for all time, eternally. -see also n'LJLJ.

    kualaalamJ)dd 1

    pN Kuala Lumpur, cap-

    n 1 n in ~n 1 n slikaakii'

    N khaki color. [f. Hind.]

    ital of the Federation of Malaya. b ~eJ ~-- idem.

    n 1 ~ kaan' V to spread out, stretch out, hang out. n 1 ~ ~ ~ kaanmun' V to hang up a mosquito net.
    6(J eJ n 1 ~

    n1

    <9)

    l7l1 )

    kaa' (tua')
    J n 1 c o m.

    N w r i t. c o m. crow.

    -Also

    kh:)J'kaan' sV (with) elbows out (as when

    n1 ~ kaa'kaa' i mit. "caw caw" (the cry of the


    crow).

    walking with an air of determination). Generally used with


    b ~'W.

    n1 t:J 1 n ( ~ 'W) kaafaag' (t6n') N

    1. a kind of

    'Yl eJ ~ n 1 ~

    th5J:nkaan' V 1. to have a full belly, a


    &-'

    parasitic climbing plant. 2. a parasite, one who lives at the expense of others.
    LJ1nn1 (;1J-J,I711,'LJ1n) paagkaa' N 1. pen n1~

    belly bulging with food or water. sV 2. with a full belly.


    <9) (

    -Dis t. 'YleJ ~ 6(J'W. (?an', chfn')


    'U

    eJ'W,

    ~'W) k~an'
    ~

    N bone (of a

    (d~am').

    2. pen-point (tua'); short for

    "-'

    fish).
    n 1 ~ 'lJ ~ 1

    -Dist.
    ( eJ'W, eV'W)

    n~~~n.

    LJ1nn 1. 3. crow's beak (paag').

    k~a:nplaa' (?an', chfn') N

    i 1\J 1 n n 1
    point.

    ( 1711) tua'paagkaa' (tua')

    N pen-

    fish bone.

    n1 ~
    2. any shape resembling a "V" (remi-

    l.J

    See
    (1711)

    n ~ n1 ~

    . N pants, trousers.

    Dn n1

    pligkaa' N 1. the flank (of a military

    n1~ 6n~

    kaa:nkeen' (tua')

    force).

    n 1 ~ b n ~ ( J'W)
    6 eJ n 1 ~ 6 n ~

    1'W

    ( 1711 ) kaa:nkeennaj 1, kaa:nkeen':::

    niscent of a crow in flight). 3. brace, braces, i.e. the typographical characters {}.

    channaj' (tua') N shorts, underpants; panties.

    ( 6(]~) s9a'kaa:nkeen' (chud') N 1.


    9

    ~ n1 ( l7l1 ) ? iikaa' (tua')

    N c o m. crow.

    suit of clothes (for a man). 2. any ensemble of clothes that includes pants, e.g. blouse and

    n1

    LJ

    Sl n , 1'U)
    'U

    kaa' (ltlug', baj ') N teakettle; pot

    28

    slacks for ladies, night clothes for children.


    n 1 ~ ~ 6(J'W ( eJ'W) 'W n n 1 ~ ~ 6(J'W

    n 1JJAb1J kaam/makhun/ N 1. sexual desire.


    9

    2.

    kaaukh~en/ (?an/)
    ( &11)

    N cross. N dyal,

    sensuality.
    n 1 JJ L~A kaam/mar6og/ N e 1 e g., tech. venereal
    c;

    n6gkaaukh~en/ (tua/)

    or magpie robin (Copsychus saularis).

    disease. 6LJ'W-'-"

    to have a venereal disease. N semen, spermatic fluid.

    l~n 1 ~ ~ 6(J'W n1 ~ k~ad/ v


    ~
    ~

    ( eJ'W)

    majkaaukh~en/
    v to

    (?an/)

    N cross.

    'Wo 1 n 1 JJ namkaam /

    to be wicked, brave, bold.


    be bold, brave, fearless. n 1 JJ

    -s y n.
    '-"

    'Wo 1 eJ 6i ~ .
    9

    n ~ n1 ~

    keuk~ad/

    ( n 1 JJ)

    k~am/ (k~am/)

    N claw, pincer (of

    1 tJ n 1 ~ raajkaad/ V 1. to be fierce, cruel, harsh, severe. 2. to be wicked.

    lobster or crab).
    171 'W n 1 JJLJ "'
    'U

    ( 171 'W) t6nk~ampuu/ (t6n/) N 1. rain tree

    n 1oU, n 1oU kaad/, kaas/ N gas, i.e. gaseous substance. [f. Eng.] -Also Un 6i .
    c:

    (Enterolobium saman). 2. the East Indian walnut (Albizzia lebbeck).

    -Dis t.

    n 'l6i . n 1 tJ

    -s y n.

    n 1qj~'W'U ~ kaancanaburii/ pN Kan~hanaburi, a town-

    11 ~ n 1&-J waauk~am/ V idiom. to act big.


    <9)

    ship in central Thailand west of Bangkok.

    kaaj/, kaaj:::, kaaja::: N body. -Chiefly in cpds.


    ~

    n1~. See
    n 1'W kaan/ n 1'W ( n 1'W)

    ~nn1~ under ~n.

    n 1 tJ n ~

    JJ kaajjakam/ N gymnastics.

    1. to trim, prune. 2. to girdle (a tree).


    N 1. stem, stalk, petiole.

    n l tJ'U ~V!1 ~

    kaajb:J:JrihAan/ N (bodily) exercise.


    1. magic; miraculous power.

    k~an/ (k~an/)

    n 1 tJ ~'tlB.r kaajjasld/ N

    2. midrib of a leaf or of a pinnate leaflet. C 3. elf. for twigs, for small pieces of wood or bamboo, for match sticks.

    2. (as n. mod.) magic, miraculous.

    no1~~ n 1 tJ kamlaukaaj/ N 1. physical strength.


    2. energy. o eJeJnno15~n1tJ ?~:Jg/kamlaukaaj/ to exercise (one's body).
    d 6 A~

    n 1 'WJJ ~ 'W ~ 1 1
    -Dis t.
    n 1'W6i'U
    I

    ( n 1 'W)

    k~anmaphraaw/ (k~an/)

    midrib of a pinnate leaflet of the coconut palm.


    '-"

    'Yl1 ~ JJ ~ 'W ~ 1 1

    under 'Yll

    LJ.

    eJ ~ LJ ~ ~ ~'U n 1 tJ

    Q..l

    khr9auprad~b/kaaj/

    N e leg.

    ( eJ'W) k~ansuub/ (?an/)


    nuajk~an/

    N piston rod.

    ornament (to be worn on the body).

    Cij

    'l..-

    Vl'W 1 tJ n 1'W

    N bearing, manner, man-

    6~tJ::Wf11tJ ciamkaaj/ V eleg. to be humble, modest,


    unassuming; to know one's place (and not go be-

    ners, breeding.
    n 1'W'W~ kaanphluu/ N clove.
    'U

    eJ n--

    ( ~ eJ n)

    flower

    yond it).
    6~171 ~

    of the clove tree.

    171'W--

    ( 171'W)

    the clove tree.

    n 1t.J teukaaj/ V e 1 e g. to dress.

    n 1'U ( n 1'U) kaab/ (kaab/)

    N 1. bract, spathe. 2.

    't11

    n 1 tJ thaaukaaj/
    thugkaaj /

    1. physical, bodily.

    2. physi-

    fragment (of coconut husk).

    cally.
    ~

    n 1'Un~ 1 tJ kaabklt1aj/ N fibrous layer on the trunk


    of a banana tree.
    n 1'\.Jd..J~'W ~ 11
    k~abmaphraaw/

    n6(J n 1t.J
    1 ~ n 1t.J

    to suffer (physically).

    A 1 1 :W - -

    physical suffering.
    ~ l ~) r~aukaaj/ (r~au/)

    N 1. coir. 2. frag-

    N body (the

    ment of coconut husk.


    n 1 'U eJ eJ tJ k~ab? ~j /

    usual body-part term).


    6 ~ eJ'W n 1t.J

    N the sheath of a sugar cane

    ryankaaj/ N e leg. the (human) body,

    leaf.

    form.
    ~ 6(J

    n 1 'U 1 kaabkaab/ i m i t. "quack! quack! " (the


    quacking of a duck).
    a'

    n 1 tJ

    sugkaaj/

    1. to be healthy, in good health.

    2. to be physically well off. N a kind of Thai verse


    f11t.J LJ in bTlt.Jflf11t.J klagkaaj/

    n1'Wt.J

    ( 'U'Yl)

    k~ab/

    (bOd/)

    N milit. commis-

    form.

    sary.
    n 1t.J k~aj/ V 1. to be resting one's limb on.

    n 16~~ kaafee/ N coffee. [f. Eur.] n 1U~ t:J ~ kaafeephou/ N instant coffee.
    n 16~~ 6 ~'W kaafeejen/ N iced coffee.
    ~ 1'W n 1 ~~'W

    2. to be

    resting on, leaning on, lying across (used of limbs of the body, sometimes also of long, thin objects such as sticks, rifles).
    0

    raankaafee/ N coffee shop.

    n 1 :W kaam/, kaam/ma::: N sexual desire.

    'W eJ'W n 1t.JV!'W 1 t:J 1 n

    n:J:Jnk~aj/n~aph~ag/

    to lie with

    29
    one's arm on the forehead.
    0

    n 1 ~ 'Yl'VI1 ~

    kaanthah~an'

    soldiery; military affairs.

    d 1 ~ n 1 tJ tl'W waaukaaj'kan to lay (long objects)

    n 1 ~J 11~ kaanpAam~aj' forestry. n 1 ~ L~ eJ ~ kaanmya:g' politics.

    across each other, one over the other (but not parallel to each other).
    I '\/

    n1 ~ Ai~
    n 1 ~ Ll'W'YltJ

    kaankhla:n' finance; financial matters.


    kaanph~ed'

    medicine (as a subject of

    b eJ l

    iJ eJ n 1 tJ VJ'W 1 t:.J 1 n
    k~awkaaj I

    ? awmyykaaj 'n~aphaag' to

    study, a scientific field); medical matters.

    rest one's arm on the forehead. n 1 1 n 1 tJ V 1. to infringe, intrude upon.

    NOTE 2. When placed before active verbs to form noun derivatives, n 1 ~ can almost always be rendered in English by the suffix -ing. Sev-

    2. to extend over into.


    0

    n 1 d n 1 tJ

    ~ ~ ~

    k~awkaaj'thurcf?/

    to be officious,

    eral other suffixes are often also appropriate, some of these being -tion, -sion (navigation; aggression), -al (trial), -ance, -ence (assistance; conference), -ment (management). The Thai derivative can sometimes also be translated by an English noun in which there is no

    interfere in the affairs of others.


    b~'W ~ 1 tJ b~'W n eJ

    ~
    ~

    penkaaj'penkJJ:n' e 1 a b. co 11 o q.

    a lot (of), a whole lot (of), heaps (of).


    J.j

    1 nJ.J 'l tJ n 1 tJ n eJ

    m~agmaaj'kaajkJJ:n'

    e 1 a b.

    specific element corresponding to n1 :i (e.g. attack, debate, banquet).

    co 11 o q. so much, so many, a lot, a great deal. n 1 ~ kaan' N 1. work, affair(s), matter(s); 1st and 2nd examples. 2. bound element placed before nouns to form noun derivatives meaning "affairs of ... , matters of. .. "; 3rd-4th examples and 1st note. 3. bound element placed before active verbs to form noun derivatives signifying ''act of (doing thus and so)"; 5th example and 2nd note. 4. bound final element in compounds of Sanskrit origin; 6th example. ger. -sometimes 'W n-messen-

    n 1 :; ~P1 n 1 ~ kaanc~dkaan' management (in the


    sense of "managing").

    n 1:; L~:l.J~ kaancoomtii' attack, assault, raid. n 1:; od1 tJ L'VI~ eJ kaanchOajlya' helping out, assisting;
    assistance, aid.

    n1 :; ~ :; 1 ~

    kaantruad' examination, inspection,

    investigation.

    n1:; 1;1 1rl n1 ~ 'll:; : :; 'fj:l.l


    session.

    kaant6o'waathiil debate.

    n1 ~ oUkl kaanbin1 flying; aviation.


    kaanprachum' meeting, conference,

    n1 s i"'n"ee-1 kaanr~gs~a'

    care, maintenance, pre-

    servation; cure, remedy.

    n 1 ~ is confused with n 1 ~ biJ,

    n 1 ~ LKtJ ~ kaanl!au' feast, banquet; feeding,


    taking care of. NOTE 3. Most derivatives based on n 1 ~

    q.v. -See o
    0

    Fl11J.J--(Note3).

    1'W n 1 ~ cff

    najkaan'nfi' in this matter.

    b~'W n 1 ~ tJ 1 n

    penkaan'j~ag' is a difficult mat-

    are

    listed only under the nouns or verbs from which they are derived. Thus, to find look under

    ter; with difficulty.


    0

    n 1 S n ~:::; 'Yl'U,

    n1~

    iJ eJ ~

    kaanmyau' politics: "affairs of the

    nS:::; 'Yl'U .

    Classifiers used with der~

    ivatives based on n 1 ~ are usually one of the following, depending upon appropriateness:
    A~~

    state.''
    0

    n 1 ~'U 1'W

    kaanb~an'

    housework; household af-

    .WPJ for a specific event; eltJ 1 ~ , tfUPJ for a type


    of activity or state. These classifiers are therefore omitted in the entries below except where a special distinction needs tO--be-made.

    fairs; (student's) homework.


    0

    n1~~'U

    kaanr6b' (the) fighting, (a) battle: "act

    of fighting." o n ~ ~ J.J n 1 ~ kammakaan' committee, commission.


    NOTE 1. As a bound element before nouns

    n ~ n 1 s ko:nkaan' N co 11 o q. affair, business. n ~ J.J n 1 ~ ( FlbiJ.~, tf~, Fl'W) 9 krommakaan' N 1. ad-

    n1 ~

    often corresponds in meaning to such Eng-

    ministrative staff of the local government (kha::: na?l, chud'). 2. an official of the local government (khon'). -Chiefly in compounds. -See
    ('

    lish suffixes as -ery (cookery), -y (diplomacy), -ics (politics), among others. Sometimes, however, the English noun has no specific element corresponding to n 1 ~ (e.g. finance, medicine).

    cross reference. n ~ ~ J.Jn 1 ~ ( Fl'W, FlbiJ.~, tf~) kammakaan' N 1. com9

    n 1 ~A S'J kaankhrua' cookery. n 1 ~ ~ ~ kaanthOud' diplomacy. n 1:; l A:; "ef~ n ~ kaans~ed'thakld' economy; economic affairs.

    mittee member (khon'). 2. committee, commission (khana?l, chud').

    n1:; od1 ~ 1~ kaanchda:gm~ajl

    carpentry.

    n ~ ~ 'U d 'W n 1 ~

    ( n ~ ~ 'U d 'W)

    krabuankaan' (krabuan')

    30 N 1. procedure; administration. 2. movement (as in "liberation movement"). 3. tech. process.


    n 1 ~ 'Yl1 bVIJJ eJ
    0

    fl 'l
    Cj

    b6 S kaantham/mya:n r~e/

    N ore- mining.

    n1 s t1

    kaan/thti:::
    d

    1. the fact that, the fact being

    that.
    k~~kaan/

    n eJ n 1 ~ n~ n 1 ~ n 1 ~ fi'Ul]

    v to instigate (an affair, a disV to work out a plan, to plan. N revolt,

    o n 1 ~ 't1 b s 1 i1 eJ 1 bl6 1
    I

    1, 6(J

    171

    ~ ~ 't1 ~ 1, ~

    t1 11 VI b s 1

    .....

    l ~ 1Jl A 'YI ; ~ tJ

    .....

    turbance).
    k~? /kaan/
    ~

    VI 6i 1 tJ eJ tJ 1 ~ ~ 1 n 'Y1 ~ I, 6i kaan/ -thtirawmii ?aanaa:::

    kheed/ cbdthalee/-

    thamh~j ra wd~ajph6ogkhasab/:::

    ( F1 ~ ~ ) kaankabbd/ (khrctn/)

    laajjaan /- caagthalee/ ~ The fact that we have boundaries along the sea makes it possible for us to obtain many kinds of provisions from the sea.
    d

    insurrection, rebellion, revolution.

    n 1 ~ n s ~ 'Yt1 kaankratham/ N 1. deed, act, action.


    2. behavior (i.e. physical behavior of a material).
    n 1 ~ n ~ n ~ ~ JJ kaank~sikam/ N agriculture. n 1 ~ fl'W kaankin/ N 1. eating.

    n 1 s'YI ~ ~ kaan/thtica::: in order to, for (doing thus


    and so). corrupn 1 S'U 1'W

    -See cross reference.

    2. s 1 a ng

    kaanMan/ N 1. housework. 2. household

    tion.

    affairs, domestic affairs. 3. homework (of stuN understanding, comdents). (3. tr. f. Eng.]

    "' 11 ~ kaankh~wcaj / n 1 S b6(J


    prehension.
    n1

    n 1 ~LJ S ~LJ 1 kaanprapaa/ N (city) water supply.

    Sb;11 ~ ~ ~
    standing. cation.

    kaankh~wcajphld/

    N misunder-

    n 1 ~ I, ~'W l LJ kaanpenpaj/ N getting along, how one


    gets along; relationship (between), interaction (between).
    n 1 ~ JJ 1 6 ~ tJ'W kaanmaarian/

    n 1 S F1 JJ'W 1 F1 JJ kaankhommanaakhom/ N communi-

    N attendance (in

    n 1 s F11 kaankhaa/ N 1. business, trade, com-

    school).

    merce. 2. trading.
    .....

    n1~~~VItJ'W kaanj9Ydjun/ N phys. elasticity.


    9

    o Jl1;n 1 s F11 phaasli/kaankhaa/ N business tax. o


    ~eJn

    n 1 ~A n~1 kaansygsaa/

    N education. 'W n--

    edu-

    1 S F11

    h3~/kaankhaa/

    N chamber of com-

    cator.

    merce.
    n 1 ~ ~ 1'W kaanuaan/ N work (in general).
    ~1'Wn1s.

    n1 S ~ S 1 ~
    -Also

    kaans~a:n/

    N construction, building

    (i.e. the activity).


    n 1 S ~ eJ'W kaans3~n/
    f\ 1
    0

    N teaching.

    n 1 ~ b ~'W kaanuan/ N money matters, finance,


    financial affairs; (as n. mod.) financial. o Jl1 1 ~ n 1 S b ~'W phaawa?/kaannan/ N financial condition, financial situation.

    n\J n 1 s

    kamk~b/kaan/
    ~--

    to be in control, in

    charge of things.

    director, head, the per-

    son in charge of things.


    no1VI'W~ n 1 ~

    kamnbd/kaan/ N program, schedule

    n1 ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ S

    kaancaraa/c~~n/

    N traffic.

    of events (of a ceremony, festival).

    n1 ~ ~ 6i 1 ~ Sl kaancalaa/ con/ N unrest, disorder,


    rebellion.

    n~ n 1 ~

    kldcakaan/ N work, activity, business. khroo:nkaan/ N plan, project, program. - n 1 ~bl6 FS. kh6osanaakaan/, kh6odsa::: N 1. adver-

    LF1 ~ ~ n 1 ~
    -Also

    n 1 ~ ~ 1 ~ n ~ ~ JJ kaancaarakam/ N espionage,
    spying.

    L~~blJ, 1 n 1 ~
    ~

    n 1 ~ L~tJ ~ 1 ~ kaandoojsaan/ N 1. traveling (in a


    vehicle). 2. taking (a vehicle).
    I ._,

    tisement. 2. publicity.
    1'W n 1 ~ naan/kaan/ N work (in general).
    fi1S~1'W.

    -Also

    n1 s 171 eJ ~
    I

    kaant~~sfiu/

    N fight, struggle, battle.

    C\J

    n 1 s 1711 ~ LJ s ~ b'YIA kaantaanprath~ed/ N foreign

    ~~ n 1 s cadkaan/ 1. to make arrangements; to take


    care of, manage (things); to deal with, handle (situations). 2. co 11 o q. to fix, polish off, take care of .
    I,~ 1
    .....

    affairs.
    n 1 s 'Ylo1JJ 1~1 fl'W kaanthammaa/haakin/ N 1. making

    a living, earning a living. 2. occupation, livelihood.

    nI,~ 1 n1 s

    .....

    .....

    c~wkti/c~wkaan/

    to be a busybody,

    31 a meddler (used esp. of one who takes on a responsibility, obligation or function of his own accord, at the same time involving others in the obligation without their knowledge or consent).
    1Jn 1 ~

    vr eJ ~ 'll~cU~ n 1 ~
    N laboratory.
    0

    "-'

    ( vr eJ ~ )

    h~tJ/ -pati~d/kaan/ (h~tJ/)

    'll ~ ~ ~ 1n 1 ~ 'll ~ ~ rJ~ n 1 ~


    I

    pracamkaan/ V to be on duty.

    praw~d/kaan/ N history, chronicle


    0"

    l;

    chajkaan/d~aj/

    1. to be in working con-

    of events. -Sometimes spelled - n 1 ~616.

    dition, useable. 2. That's good! (said in praise). 3. It worked!


    t?f1 ~ cW'W n1 ~

    'U 1 tJ n 1 ~ puajkaan' V to be no use, in vain, for


    nothing.
    I I

    damnaan/kaan/ V 1. to carry on the

    o Fl1'll 1 tJ n 1 ~

    kh~apuajkaan/

    N idiom. fee, serv-

    work; to conduct, run (e.g. a business); to manage things. 2. to operate, be in operation, be in action.

    ice charge, commission.

    ~ 1J'W n 1 ~ penkaan/ to be successful, effective;


    to have succeeded.

    l;n 1 ~ d~jkaan/

    V 1. to be successful. 2. to be

    ~ 1J'W ~ 1'W ~ 1J'W n 1 ~ pellt)aan/penkaanl e 1 a b.


    co 11 o q. to be systematic, business-like.

    workable. 3. It works! l7l ~ 1 ~ n 1 ~ truadkaan/ V to inspect things, carry out an inspection. l7l eJ ~ n 1 ~
    t~ukaan/

    ~ ~'W n 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ penkaan/ciucau/ 1. to be earnest,


    to be an earnest matter. 2. earnestly, with all one's heart.
    ~ ~~~
    ~

    V 1. to want, need, require.


    Fl 1 1J.J--

    AA 2. want to, wish to. requirements.

    need, needs,

    n1 ~

    phaded/kaan/ V to exercise absolute

    control, be dictatorial.

    i1 n 1 ~
    ~6i1n1~

    ( Fl'W)

    tuakaan/ (khon/) N 1. the culprit.

    ~~~ 'W n1 ~ ( eJ ~ 1 ~ , eJ'W) phenkaan/ (jaau/, ?an/) N


    plan, project, scheme. -Often incorrectly
    0"

    2. the principal (in an action). 3. a ringleader.


    (Fl'W,'W1tJ)

    tulaa/kaan/ (khonl,naajl)

    spelled - n 1 ~ 616 .
    ~ 't15

    N judge. 111 ~ n 1 ~ thaaukaan/ N 1. official source, government source. 2. (as n. mod.) official.
    't11n 1 ~ thamkaan/ V to work, do work.
    ~ ~ ~

    n 1 :1

    ( Fl :l ~)

    judthakaan/ (khrau') N 1. mili-

    tary operation. 2. battle.

    ~~ ~cUtJ'Un1:l (l\6cU'U, ~~J.J) rablabkaan' (cha~b',


    l~m/)

    N 1. (printed) information (e.g. about the

    n1 ~

    ( eJ tJ 1 ~ ) thura? 'kaan/ (jaau/) N 1. prac-

    policies and general nature of a club, school, society, institution). 2. schedule, prospectus.

    tical matters (of an administrative nature). 2. (as n. mod.) administrative.

    ;n~1 n 1 :l rags~akaan/
    in charge.
    I

    to be on guard, on duty,

    1'W n 1 ~

    najkaan' 1. in (such and such a) matter,

    (such and such) matters. 2. in the matter of, in matters of.


    'U ~ n 1 ~ boukaan/

    s 16(]n 1 ~
    s- 1 tJ n 1 ~

    ( eJ tJ 1 ~ )

    r~adchakaan/

    (jaau') N 1. gov-

    ernment service. 2. a government job. V to direct things, give com(

    s 1 tJ n 1 :1)

    raajkaan/ (raajkaan') N 1.

    mands, give orders.


    'U ~ ~61616 n 1 ~

    list, list of items. 2. item (in a list of items). 1 ~ n1 ~ ( 1 ~) woukaan/ (won/) N 1. circle(s)

    ( Fl'W) bannaa/thfkaan/ (khon') N

    editor.
    'U~n 1 ~ bJJrikaan/ N 1. service. V 2. to serve,

    (as in ''government circles"). 2. field, realm.


    d 1 n1 ~
    w~akaan/

    1. to direct things, administer.

    assist.

    2. to be in charge.
    16(]1n1~ wfchaa/kaan/ N 1. knowledge. 2. tech-

    'U ~ A'Un 1 ~ baukhab'kaan/ V to command, be in

    command.

    nology. 3. (as n. mod.) academic; theoretical, technical.

    cUblJV 1 n1 ~ banchaa/kaan/ V to command, be in


    command.

    tTn - -

    scholar.

    1'Yl tJ 1 n 1 ~
    16n 1:1

    wfdthajaakaan/ N science, knowledge.

    LJ~'\J~ n1 ~ patil:Jad/kaan/ V to conduct matters,


    do things; to perform, operate, execute, carry out.

    ( eJtJ 1 ~, 15) wfthii'kaan' (jaau', wfthii/)

    N method, procedure.

    n 1 ~--

    operation, action.

    t ~ n1 ~

    sau/kaan/

    to give orders, instructions.

    32

    vr~ n n 1 ~ ( vrin n 1 ~) l~gkaan' (l~gkaan') N principle.

    n1~

    ~ ( LL~'W, 1'U) kaad'* (phen', baj') N card. [f. Eng.] .r d n 1 ~~Vel kaadch~' N co 11 o q. calling card. Now
    usually
    'W 1 d-J'Ul?1
    .r

    1;n 1 ~
    .r

    hajkaan' V to give testimony, testify.


    .r

    eJ ~ Fl n 1 ~

    ( eJ ~ Fl n 1 ~ )

    ?oukaan' (?oukaan') N or-

    n 1 ~ l?l'W
    'IJ

    d ( b~

    eJ ~)

    kaatuun' (J1an') N cartoon. [f. Eng.]

    ganization.
    eJtJ n 1 ~ ( Fl'W, 'W 1 tJ)

    '!Tn

    ~tJ'Wn 1 ~ l?l'W ( Fl'W) n&gkhlan'kaatuun' (khon') 'IJ

    ?ajjakaan' (khon', naaj') N

    cartoonist.

    prosecutor.
    elo1'W 'J tJ n 1 ~

    n 1 ~~ ~ kaarabuun' N camphor.
    n 1 ~ 'Wl?l

    ?amnuajkaan' V to direct things, con-

    kaaran' N com. the cancellation sign -Syn.

    duct (the) affairs.


    L eJ 1 n 1 ~ ( eJ ~)

    used in the Thai writing system.


    'YlP.bfl ~ 1l?l

    1~

    ?awkaan'(juu') V co 11 o q. 1. to

    e 1 e g.

    be quite a thing; (that's) quite a thing. sV 2.

    n 1 ~ 1 ~ kaaraacii' pN Karachi, capital of Pakistan. n 1 ~ kaan', kaala?l, n 1 ~ b =nrl ~


    n 1~
    I

    mighty, pretty, quite, rather.


    L eJ 1 n 1 ~ b eJ 1 ~ 1'W ?awkaanl?awuaan' V to take

    kaala~

    N 1. time, period, era.

    2. gram. tense.
    kaala?lthees~?/

    one's work seriously, be in earnest about one's work.


    n1~ n ( n1~ n

    N the time and place,

    the occasion.

    'v'W~)

    kaalr6gl (kaa'r6gl, chan!d')

    1~'W

    kaalan6on' a long time ago.

    N gram. case.
    n ~ ~ ~ n 1 ~ n kaantukaa'r6g' n ~ ~ :W n 1 ~ n kammakaa' r6g'

    L n 1 L fl'W n 161 k~w'k88nkaan' to be out- of-date,

    N nominative case. N accusative case.

    antiquated.
    b ~'W 1 ~ n 1 ~

    chaphj? 'kaan' temporary. booraan'nakaan' N 1 it. ancient times,

    n 1 ~blJ, kaan' N situation, circumstance, events.

    1'U ~ 1blJ,n 1 ~
    ~ 116

    Normally a final element in compound nouns which are mostly of Sanskrit origin, but in a few expressions it is an independent word. -Often confused with n 1 ~ .

    former times, antiquity.


    n 161 phudthakaan'

    N 1. the time of the Buddha.

    2. the Buddhist era. ;'VVn 1 ~ radchakaan' N 1. reign. 2. the reign of.

    1Fl ~ ~ n 1 ~;.
    Lb bl~

    See

    1Fl ~ ~ n 1 ~ .
    (cha~b') N

    bl ~ n 1 ~ ryduu'kaan' N season, time.


    n 1 'J kaaw'
    ~

    ~ n 1 ~blJ,

    ( EMcU'U) thaleu'kaan'

    N glue.
    p~eukaaw'

    official announcement, pronouncement, bulletin, communique.


    .r

    Lb'LJ ~

    n 1 'J

    N (library) paste (commercial). N 1. step. 2. pace (ap-

    t:J-'IJ

    spokesman.

    n 1 'J

    ( n 1 'J)

    kaaw' (kaaw')

    LJ ~ ~ 1~n 1 ~blJ, praw~d'kaan' N (the) record, events


    worth recording. -Sometimes spelled - n 1 ~.
    .r

    proximate linear measure). V 3. to step, take a step .


    n 1 'J n 1 tJ kaawk~aj'

    LJ ~ 1 nl] n 1 ~blJ, praakbd'kaan' N phenomenon.


    .r

    V 1. to infringe, intrude upon .

    Lbf:J'W n 1 ~blJ,. See


    .r

    Lbt:J'W n 1 ~ .

    2. to extend over into . o n 1 'J n 1 tJ ~ ~ ~ kaawkaaj'thur&?' to be officious, interfere in the affairs of others.
    n 1 d 6() 1 kaawkhaa'

    'V"Jb)

    ~ n 1 ~blJ, phrydtikaan'

    N course of events, cir-

    cumstances.
    J.Jel ~ n 1 ~;1 n ~ m:J:Jl)kaanklaj' to be farsighted

    to step, step forward.

    (have foresight), to foresee an incident or situation.


    ; bTI
    'IJ

    n 1 'J 'V"J ~ 1 ~ kaawphlaad' V 1. to misstep, miss one's


    footing. 2. to miscalculate, misjudge.
    n 11

    11~~~ n 1 ~; ruu'thaw'-majthyukaan'

    to be

    ~ 11
    ~

    kaawraaw'

    1. to show disrespect.

    blind to the situation, be unable to see what someone is up to.


    .r

    sV 2. disrespectfully, abusively.
    n 1 'J Vl'W 1 kaawnaa' V 1. to step ahead, go forward .

    6i bl1'Wn 1 ~blJ, sathaanakaan' N condition; situation.

    2. to progress, advance, develop. n 1 ~--

    prog-

    ~~ b n l9l n 1 ~blJ, sauk~ed'kaan' v to observe.


    LVll9ln 1 ~; (
    'l

    :r;ess, progressing; mat h. progression. Fl 'J 1 :W-progress, advancement. o


    L ~~bUn 'l 'JV!'W 1 card8n'kaawnaa' V to progress.

    eJ~ 1 ~) heedkaan 1 (j~au') N

    1. inci-

    dent, event. 2. circumstances, situation.

    33
    l
    t1 ~ L n ~ n ~ ~ n 1 1 n ~ ~
    I

    '-'

    .]

    6(J

    t~~

    khaje:gkeuk~~jl<Aaw"::::

    t1 ~ !?1

    writ.

    kradbod" N hop- step-and- jump, an athletic sport.

    no1if'U kamchcfbl'

    to insist firmly, urge emphatically

    and persistently.
    11'1.1

    n 1 ~ in ll1~'Un 1 ~ nctmman"kc!ad' N kerosene.


    [ n 1 ~ f. Eng.] - D i s t.

    "'

    no1i~ kamdad'
    (of a girl).

    to be young, youthful, adolescent

    n 1 tU , n 1 tU , u n ~ , u n ~ .

    n 11 'Yf~ kaalAj" V 1. to plate (with metal). 2. to be


    plated.

    no1'W'W ( Frw ''W 1 tJ)

    kamnan' {khonl', naajl')

    N elder,

    headman of a !7(1'U~

    (a political district).

    n1 'W

    kaan", kaala::::

    1. to be black. 2. to be

    noTW6i

    kamnan"

    to give a present.
    ( Fl'W) naaukamnanl' (khonl')

    deathly, death -like.

    no1'!!6i l2J as in

    u 1 ~ no1~!;1

    n 1~ L~ Fl kaala rOog"
    d

    N plague.

    N personal maid of a queen or princess.


    flo1 LiJ~
    I

    l Vi~ eJ n 1CW :gyakaan" N (a) cold sweat (as from

    kamn~ad'* N 1. birth. 2. origin. V e 1 eg.


    bn~]

    fright).
    no1 kam"

    3. to be born. 4. to be produced. [conv. f.

    1. to hold tightly in the hand, grasp,

    n e:~no'l b<Q~
    d
    1.J

    k~~"kamn~adl'
    1.J

    to originate, initiate,
    d

    clench. C 2. handful (as of sand), bunch (as of vegetables).


    no1J'W ( el'W) kamp.n" (?an")

    give birth (to).


    b f} ~ l ~ ( l 'ttY)

    no 1 bU~ l

    'W'W 1 ( L Fl ~ eJ ~ ) khz-9an(haj)~
    (khr9au') N electric generator. to be born, originated,

    N fist.

    kamna~d"fajfc!al'

    no1~eJ kammyy" V 1. to clench the hand. N 2.


    grip, clutch, clutches. C 3. handful (as of sand).

    tleJ no'l b<Q~


    'fl :l ~ no1 LUl71
    I

    thty"kamnaad'

    initiated, produced. sou'kamnaad'

    n"1Vl~~ kammad" V 1. to clench one's fist. N


    2. fist.
    L!71:Wn1,--:WeJ tem"kam", tem"kammyy" 1. (in
    c::
    0

    roy. to be born.

    d-J 1 bbl71 no1 b\1m maateekamnaed' from birth.


    Cl

    no'ltJ~ kambau"
    b~ eJ--

    1. to obstruct. 2. to shield, shelter.

    the amount of) a handful. 2. with one's hand or hands full.


    no1 kam" rM intensifier used with
    ~
    '1.>

    N 3. shelter.
    no1tJ'W
    G)'

    ( 611)

    kampan', ryakampan' (lam')

    Ul?l ~ ''red,"

    N ship, merchant ship.


    no1J'W kl ( 1'U,

    'l

    n
    "'

    "ripe."
    d

    ~ n) kampanl' (baj 1', ltlug') N safe cu

    no1 in no1n ~ l).

    ( n'W) kc1mkY1J"(kan")

    ""'

    1. to be half

    ._,

    (as for money, valuables) .

    (this) and half {that). 2. to be about the same (as each other). sV 3. about equally.
    no1n 'dd.J kamkuam"

    no1'W ~ 1 kamphraa'

    1. to be bereaved of (one's

    parent or parents). N 2. orphan. 3. epidermis; short for Vl!T ~ - b !?1 nn 1'W ~ 1


    c:;
    0

    to be vague, ambiguous,

    below.

    rl'W- -

    orphan. N orphan.

    unclear.
    no1rl'U kamkab/

    ( A'W)

    degkamphraal'

    {khon~')

    1. to direct, control. 2. to accom-

    vS!IJ~flo'l'W~ 1 n&:gkamphraa" N epidermis.


    flo1U'W ~ ( no1U'W ~) kamphU' (kamphU~')

    pany, go with (as a caption or legepd accompanying an illustration).


    no1 n\J n 1 ~ kamka.b"kaan/
    ~--

    N com.

    (see below).

    wall (surrounding a town, a temple).


    LJ:l'ln1~

    -s y n.

    to be in control, in

    eleg.

    charge of things.
    s
    t:.J

    ~--

    director, head, the per-

    no1d.J;::; bl'W kammathan' N sulfur.

    son in charge.
    cu

    n ~ ~ no1d.J ~ fl'W krbd~'kammath&nl' N sulfuric acid.


    no'ld-J~ 6i eJ kammal~~'

    no1rl'U

    ( A'W, 'W 1 tJ) phtlukamkab" (khon", naaj")

    imitation, false, phony.

    N 1. director. 2. co 11 o q. chief of police.


    0

    ._, eJ no1tl'U n 1 ~ 17f1 ~ d ~ phQukamkab"kaantamruadl'


    cu

    d 'ld.J~Vlt.J

    kammajlil' N velvet.

    flo1tJ 1'W kamjaanl' N 1. a kind of incense. 2. benzoin.


    n1tf1 kamjam" v

    N (district or provincial) chief of police.


    ,_,

    to be strong, muscular.

    o eJ no 1 'U n 1 ~ uf;i !?1 ~ pht1ukamkab~'kaansadD~'


    cu

    f11 ~ 1'U kamraabl'* V to subdue.


    no1 b ~'U kamr~dbl'

    N stage director, film director.

    1. to get worse, become more

    no1~!?1 kamcadl'

    1. to expel, drive away. 2. to

    intense (esp. of disease). 2. co 11 o q. to become more aggressive, demanding, presumptuous.

    eliminate, get rid of. 3. to extinguish.

    -s y n.

    34

    L~'Wno1i~ penlkamla:gl colloq. very much, conco 11 o q. to become impudent, insolent, more aggressive, demanding, presumptuous.
    no11 ~ kamrajl

    siderably, extremely.
    tJ n no1i~ j6glkamlaul 1. to mobilize, raise a (mili-

    1. to profit, gain, have as profit.

    tary) force. 2. mat h. to raise, be raised to the (stated) power; see example.
    0

    N 2. profit, gain.
    no11 ~ ~'YlS kamrajlsudthf?l N net profit.
    9

    tJ n no1i~ ~ eJ ~ j6glkamlaus~~ul 1. to square,

    ~~no 11 ~ ph~nlkamraj I

    N profit, gain.

    raise to the second power. 2. to be squared.

    no1~~

    kamlaul N 1. strength, force, power, en-

    'VI:W~no1i~ modlkamlaul to be exhausted, all in.


    eJ eJ n no1a ~

    ergy. 2. math. power.

    ?~Jglkamlaul 1. to exercise, take exer-

    no1~~ n 1 tJ kamlaukaajl N physical strength, bodily strength, energy.


    0

    cise. 2. to exert strength, put forth physical effort.

    eJ eJ n no 1i~ n 1 tJ ?:,~gkamlaukaaj I

    to exercise

    ~ eJ'Wno1~~,-- ~ ~
    no1~~
    l.J

    ?oJnlkamla:gl,

    ?~~nlkamlaullou

    to

    (one's body).

    be weakened, get softened up, become less intense.


    1. power. 2. ph y s.

    n1 i ~ ~ 1 'W kamlauuaan I N
    energy.

    kamlaul AA progre'ssive adv.-aux. indicating


    I

    action going on or state prevailing at a given time.


    0

    no1i~ 1~ kamlaucajl N will power, will, spirit.


    o 'VI:W~lno1~~ 1~ mbdlkamlaucajl to lose heart,
    be discouraged.

    no1i ~ 1~ kamlauwt:gl is, are running.


    'l./

    o no1i~ ~ eJ'W kamlaurS~nl~ It's hot! (right now).

    no1i~ ~ ~ kamlaucal AA be about to, be on the


    point of, on the verge of.
    0

    no1~~ !71cw kamlaudanl N pressure.


    no1~~ j;J"1 ~ 'J ~ kamlautamruadl N the strength of
    a police force.

    no15~~~1711tJij1711tJbb'VI~ kamla:gcataajl mftaajll~el


    to be on the point of dying, to be on the verge of death.

    no1i~ 'Yl'VI1 ~ kamlauthah~anl N military manpower.


    no1i ~ 'Yl1 ~ eJ 1 n 1 A kamlauthaau?aakaad 1

    r
    I

    no1i~ .. eJ~ kamla:g::; ... juu to be in the process


    N m i 1 it.
    0

    of (doing such and such).

    air power.

    no1~~'Ylo1eJ~ l ~ eJ~ '\1


    are you doing?
    d o <V tlt;lJ.~'Yln 1~ ~
    I I

    kamlautham?araj 1 juu~ What


    1:::

    no1i~'IJ~:W1bli kamlauparamaanuul N atomic cu


    power.
    no 1~ ~ l

    o kamlaufajfaal N electric power.

    eJ

    1'WeJ~'W'W

    khana?l-thtikamlau?aanl::;

    'W;1
    'l./

    juunanl while he was (in the midst of) reading.

    no1i~ :W 1 kamlaumaal C horsepower. [tr. f. Eng.]

    no1l~ (A' J ~ ' ; 1 ~ 'tJ eJ'W) cu


    kh~aul,

    kamlajl N bangle, clasp-

    -S y n. L6 S ~ :W 1

    less bracelet, anklet (khtlul for a pair; wo:gl, kh3Jnl for one of a pair).

    no1i~ 6! eJ ~'U kamlauryar6bl N naval power,


    naval strength.

    r
    ..

    no1'VI'W~

    kamnodl N 1. limit (of time). 2. schedule.

    no1i~ bb ~ ~ kamlaureeu 1 N power.

    V 3. to limit; to set, stipulate, schedule, fix (a time). 4. to be limited; to be set, stipulated, fixed, scheduled.
    no1'VI'W~ n 1 ~

    no1i~ rJ~ V1 kamlauwauchaal N bodily strength.


    no1i~~eJ~ kamlaus3~ul N math. square, the
    second power. Often best translated "squared," "to the second power."
    0

    kamnodkaanl N program, schedule

    of events (of a ceremony, festival).


    no1'VI'W~ ~ ~

    tJ n no15~ ~ eJ ~ j6glkamla:gs3~ul 1. to square,

    kamnodlca::;

    1. to plan to.

    2. to be

    raise to the second power. 2. to be squared.

    scheduled to, due to.

    no1~~'VI'W'W kamla:gnunl N reserve force, support9


    ing force.
    b17l:Wn
    c;
    0

    no1'VI'W~ (

    . ) l ; (1) kamnbdl( ... )wajl; (2) kam::;

    nodlwajl 1. to fix, stipulate (something). 2. to be fixed, stipulated (as by law).


    di

    1~ ~

    cv

    temlkamla:gl as hard as possible, with

    all one's might.


    bleJtJ no1i~ th3jlkamla:gl to be weakened.

    b"H n

    1'VI'W~

    thY1:Jikamnodl to reach the appointed

    time, deadline, limit; it is time (e.g. to go to bed).

    35

    no1~1!~ kamnAd' N 1. joy, excitement. V 2. to be


    excited (sexually).
    no1bb~~ kamh~eu'
    0

    don't like each other's looks, don't get along.


    b~ 1~ ~

    neJ fl'W tl'W b fJeJ ~

    rawloumyykin'kantha?/!

    c 0110 q. 1. to be bold, fool-

    Let's start eating.


    fl'W6(J 1 'J

    hardy. 2. to dare, have the nerve to. 3. to be arrogant.

    kinkh~aw' V com. to eat (esp. with ref-

    fi ~ (fi ~)

    kl:o' (kl:o')

    N 1. twig, branch. C 2.

    erence to eating one's meal) -co mp. fl'WeJ 1~1 a "' " c 0 m. -s y n. cu LJ ~ ~ 'YI1 'W ~ 1 d e 1 e g. ~'W ~ ~ rr'W

    branch (as of knowledge).

    sac e r.
    n'W6(J1'Jfl'W'Ll~1 kinkh~aw'kinplaa'
    ~

    fi ~ 1; (fi ~)
    I I

    klumcfaj' (kl:o') N twig, branch

    colloq. to

    (of plant or tree).

    eat (a meal).
    fl'WF1 'J 1:W kinkhwaam' V to include, cover (in

    n~ ef1 bJHJ ( n~)


    b6(J 1 n ~
    I

    klu'?amphaa' (klu') N a branch

    of an amphoe (an administrative district).


    ( b6(J rl) kh~wklu' (khaw')

    meaning). o n'WF1 'J 1 :W fJ~ kinkhwaam'th'Yu' to touch on, refer to, include.
    fl'Wl ~
    A

    N antler.

    e!1

    bb~ n ~ t~egklu'

    n
    I

    to branch out. N tree lizard, chame-

    n~ n1

    '-'

    ( &1'J ) ktuk~a' (tua') leon.

    kincaj' V 1. to be wary (of). 2. to be deeply

    moving (as a story, movie). N work, activity, business.


    Tl'W~'U kindlb' V 1. to eat raw or while still unripe.

    n~

    kld', kldca~, kld~

    -Chiefly in compounds.

    2. colloq. to win easily, win hands down.


    fl'W

    n~ n1 ~
    n ~ 1~ ~

    ( eJ tJ 1 ~ ) kldcakaan', kldkaan' (j~au')

    1; kind~aj'
    eaten.

    V 1. to be able to eat. 2. to have

    N work, activity, business.

    an appetite. 3. to be edible. 4. can be served, N routine,


    kinth~ew' co 11 o q. 1. (to do something)

    ( eJtJ 1 ~)

    kldcawcfd' (j~au')

    routine matter.
    Jl1~n~ phaa'rakld' N work to be done, task,

    fl'Wbb fJ'J

    right on down the line, going through an entire row or series. 2. to scoop the pool, sweep the board.
    A

    duty, responsibility.

    bAs-~~ n~ seedthakld' N economy, economic


    affairs.

    n 1 s- -

    i d e m.

    n'W 'YI kinthti' to take up room, space.


    fl'W'W eJ'W kinn:>:>n' V 1. to eat and sleep (at a certain

    o S"~'lleJCU bAs-~sn~ rab~:>b 1 seedthakld' N economic system.

    n~~ as in
    r

    , fi~~f"1cwr1 kldtis~b' N 1. rumor, news.

    place, esp. when done habitually, frequently, or for a period of time). sV 2. used as the equivalent of Eng. "boarding," as in the following examples. o

    2. renown.

    n~~:w~n~ kltim'mas~g' N (as n. mod.) honorary. , 'Ll~bllbll1fi~~:wf"1n~ parin'jaa 1 kltim'mas~g' N honorary degree.
    fl'W kin' V com. 1. to eat, consume, take (food,

    1Tn b ~tJ'Wfl'W'WeJ'W
    L~

    ( F1'W)

    nctgrian'kinn:>:>n' (khon') roou rian I~

    N boarding- school student.


    0

    ~ b ~ tJ 'W n 'W 'W eJ 'W

    ( bb ~ ~ ' L a ~ b ~ tJ 'W )

    drink, medicine). 2. to take (bribes, cuts). 3. to win (in a game). corruption. -Syn. 1.
    't11'W, cu~LJlF1 eleg.,

    n1 ~-b~'JtJ

    eating; s 1 a ng roy.,
    6'lJ

    kinn:>:>n' (h~u', roourian') N boarding school. "' fl'W'Wo1~ n kinncfam'lyg' to require a deep waterway (as a big ship).
    fl'W 1~

    i'cut.Ja~
    eleg. slang,

    n~~1't1n~~n~

    kinph~j' V to win at cards.

    sacer., ~'W

    com.sacer., b~tJ~

    fl'W b~ eJ ~ kinmyau' V to rule, govern (a subject

    tT~, Lb~n vulg.


    no1i~ fl'W kamla:okin' 1. is, are eating. 2. ripe,

    city or state).
    fl'W 1~ bt~ 1

    kin'm~jkh~w'

    1. can't eat (it), can't

    just right for eating.


    fl'W fl'W kin'kan 1. to eat (together). 2. to fit, suit

    get (it) down. 2. inedible.


    fl'WtJ 1 kinjaa' to take medicine. fl'W b ~ eJ ~ fl'W bil eJ kinl9ad'kinnya' V co 11 o q., fig u r.

    one another, be well suited for each other. o

    "'

    ~~ 1tJ~ 11~n'Wn'W miis~ajtaa'-m~jkin'kan (they)

    to eat (someone) up alive (because of anger).

    36
    fl'W b 1 fl1 kin'weelaa' 1. to take time. 2. to take

    please (with regard to living and eating accommodations).


    eJ tJ ~n'W~ juudii'kindii' to live and eat well, have
    cu

    up (a given amount of time). 3. to last (a given time).

    n'W~'W'U'W kin'sinbon' to accept bribes.


    n 'W VIJ.J 1 n kinmAag' V to chew betel. fl'Wb6VI'W ~ kinn~en' V to be mistrustful, suspicious

    a fair standard of living.

    n~tJ1 klrijaa' N behavior, manners. -Comp.


    n~tJ1.

    (of).
    ll'WeH'J kinjuu' V to room and board (with).
    o F11 fl'W eJ tJ kh~akinjuu' N living expenses, esp.
    cu
    I

    n~ tJ 11~ ~
    A 1 ~ tJ 1
    0

    kl rijaa'mttjdii/ bad manners. ( F( 1 ) kham 'k 1 rij aa I


    ( kham I)

    cu

    N g r a m.

    verb. -More commonly

    Ao1n ~tJ 1.

    room and board.


    o

    ~ ~l?l n~tJ 1 carld'klrijaa' N (personal) way, manto provide room and board. ner (esp. of w.).

    1;n'W eJ ~ h~jkinjuu' cu

    fl'Wl1'VI1 ~ kin/?aahaan' V com. to eat. Used of eating in general, including both snacks and regular meals.
    I

    rt1n~tJ 1 tham'klrijaa' 1. to act, perform an action,


    go through a motion. 2. c hem. to react.
    b ~tJ

    -comp. n'W6()1'J.

    -syn.

    n~tJ 1

    sia'klrijaa'

    to show bad manners,

    i''ULJ~~'fl1'W81VI1~ eleg.
    6(JeJ~fl'W (eJtJ1~) kh3Jukin' (jaau') N foodstuff,
    edibles, things to eat. -co m p. "things to use."
    6(J

    be unmannerly, impolite.

    eJ

    ~ 1J

    nb ~ F'l , nb 616i kileed' N lust, unbridled desires. n161 kiloo' c kilo (i.e. kilogram, kilometer).
    flL~ n i'J-J kilookram' C kilogram. [f. Eur.]
    nL~ b J-JI71 a kiloom~d' C kilometer. [f. Eur.]
    n161~171~ kilool!d' c
    kiloliter. [f.Eur.]

    A1 fl'W khttakin' food expenses; food (as an item


    of expense), the cost of food.

    tt~ fl'W'WeJ'WfhJ n~u'kin'-nJJn'kin'


    easy life.

    V to lead an

    n1

    kl w' V to be constricted, narrow.


    'fl eJ ~ n 'J th6Ju'kl w' s 1 an g to have an empty stomI

    'W 1 fl'W n~akin', n~a'kin' V to be tasty-looking.


    ._,

    ach, be very hungry .

    'Wo1ll'W naamkin' N drinking water, water for

    n'W 1

    kilaa'.

    Variant form of

    n'W 1 .

    drinking.

    fi
    n
    d

    (VIi~)

    kli' (lau') N loom.

    ~eJ'W~ ~ ll'W mii?an'cakin' to be well-off, well-todo,

    lil

    kli' Nm 1. how many. 2. how many? Must be followed by a elf. except in a few special expressions; 1st subentry.

    ~ 611 nn'Wb6'U ~ ( fi6LJ'U '1 'U) salaag'kinbeu' (chabab',


    baj ') N e leg. lottery ticket.
    b l?l eJ
    ~

    -s y n.
    ~

    ._,

    6i eJ l?l

    nJ-J 1 n'WeJ tJ klimttagn5Jj' c 0110 q. how much, how

    .;!;.

    l?l 'J 61 eJ ~I b l?l eJ

    d
    ~

    com.,

    VI 1 ti ~ 'U eJ

    co 11 o q.
    d

    many.
    d

    l~-~

    not so much, not so many.

    'VI1[71 fl'W
    vn n'W

    wad'kin'

    c 0110 q. to catch cold, have

    n LJ-J ~ klimoou' at what time.

    a cold.
    h.~akin' 1. to make a living, earn a living.

    o n LJJ ~ Lb61 'J A i''U klimoou'Ieewkhrab' ~ m. sp. What time is it?


    n 'J'W kliwan' how many days. nVI'W klih()n/ how many times.
    d

    2. to look for food. o 'flo1J.J 1VI1 Tl'W thammaa'haakin' V to earn a living.


    ._,

    d<V

    n1 ~--

    making a living, earning a

    1~n Ill~jkli~
    I I

    not many.

    living; occupation, livelihood . o


    e.J VlfU

    o 171JJJ1lJJn'J'W t~Jmaa'm~jkliwan' not many days later. o lJJn:Wln'WeJtJ m~jklim~agn6Jj' colloq. not so
    ld '\/

    d.,_..

    cu

    ~VI 1 fi 'W ( A'W) phfiuj lu 1 haakin 1 (khon 1 ) N

    prostitute, street-walker.

    1;( ... ) fl'W h~j( ... )kin/


    food.

    V to feed, provide with

    n
    ~

    ._,

    much, not so many .


    <9)

    kti' 1. just now. c 2. a previous occasion.


    d
    ~

    eJtJTl'Wri11tJrl'W juukin'dOajkan' to live together, cu

    b JJ eJ n m9akti' just now, just a moment ago.


    d

    cohabit (man and woman, husband and wife).


    eJtJ ~ 1tJn'W~ 1tJ juuu~aj'kinu~aj' to be easy to cu

    bJ.j eJ

    n ~ in

    nt1 ._,m9aktinfil
    b~ 1

    ~._,

    idem. cttwkti/ cawkaan' v to be a

    nb ~ 1 n 1 ~

    .,. n
    6'U

    37

    busybody, a meddler; used esp. of one who takes on a responsibility, obligation or function of his own accord, at the same time involving others in the obligation without their knowledge or consent.

    flbl!bb~ ( 611l, ~vn, eJ'W) q cu


    (H)ug',
    d~~g').

    kuncee' N 1. lock, padlock 2. key


    (d~~g').

    3. wrench (?an').

    llblJbb~ ~ eJ
    9

    ( 6(J 1 ~ , A)
    cu

    kunceemyy' {khttau', kh(lu')

    N handcuffs.
    b ~tJQblJbb~

    khla'kuncee' to pick a lock (e.g. with

    n k!i'. Variant form of n n ~ klid' v to obstruct, interfere, hinder, object.


    6'U '\.'

    C9).

    a wire).

    16() 1lblJbb~
    9

    khaj'kuncee' V to unlock (a lock), to

    n ~ rl'W klidkan/ idem.

    tum the key (in order to unlock). to be in the way of, to


    d b A~

    n~6(J'J 1 ~ klidkhwaau'

    Lb:W nqp,b ~ 'l


    cb

    ( ~ n ' ~ eJ n)
    Cij

    mtekuncee' (l(lug',

    d~~g')

    bar (the way), obstruct.

    eJ

    ~--

    barrier.

    N padlock, lock.
    61'W QblJbb~
    ~ n Qb\llb~

    tlLJ ( nLJ)
    I

    klib' (klib')

    N hoof.

    lankuncee' V to lock.

    nLJ~ 1 klibph~a' N cloven hoof.

    ( ~ vn) lt1ugkuncee'
    sajkuncee'

    (d~~g')

    N key.

    n'W 1 ( eJtJ 1 ~ 'LJ ~~I, Jl'Yl) kiilaa 1 (j~au', praph~ed'}


    N (athletic) sport, sports. athletic sport( s).
    -com p.

    1~ flbl)bbb.l
    q

    to lock.

    n1 ~ - -

    athletics, -Also

    ~~.f ~ kudthau' N leprosy.

    1~A--

    idem.

    lTn - -

    athlete.

    n 'W 1 .

    Qf71

    kud 1

    V 1. to be shortened. 2. to be amputated.

    n ~en 1 .

    Q~~ ( ~~--~, 1!l ~) kudatJ' (lau 1, roou') N warehouse,


    godown. [f. Malay] -Also

    ~ n'W 1 duu'kiilaa' to watch a game. cu

    1ni~.

    b~'Wn'W1
    ,:,l

    l@n'kiilaa' V to play (athletic) games.


    I

    ~ bl1l rl~ 9

    ( A'W)

    r6d 1 kudau' {khan') N (motor) truck.

    ~'W 1:J.Jfl'W1

    ( u~~)

    sanaamkiilaa' (heu')

    N 1.

    Q'W kun' (Year of the) Pig. -The complete list of


    the cyclical years is given under

    stadium. 2. playing field, sports field.

    iJ.

    n n

    <9>

    See entries below.

    Q'W kun' V sew. to bind (with a binding). [f. Chin.]


    to stop suddenly, stop

    v~ fn
    e!i

    nn chauag'ryg'
    e!i ..._,

    nJ.j
    q

    kum'
    flJJl?l1 q
    ~LJn:w
    'l
    Qj

    to seize, hold.

    short.
    ~ ~ ~ nn
    e!i

    kumtua' cabkum' radkum'

    to arrest, detain. to arrest.


    1. to fit well (of clothes). 2.

    judkyg' i de m.
    n n n eJ ~ rygk~:n'* V to echo, to resound;

    v
    v

    nn
    d

    i.:J

    in

    ~~llJJ
    9

    to be very loud, noisy.

    to be airtight, i.e. without any loopholes (e.g. of rules).


    Qj

    n ~ ktu' N half, middle.


    no1n ~
    "" d

    ( rl'W) kttmryu' (kan') V 1. to be half (this)

    Q:WJl.
    9

    Abbrev. for q:wJl1'W'Wfi

    February.

    and half (that). 2. to be about the same (as each other). sV 3. about equally.
    ft ~
    d

    flJJJl1i'Wfi

    kumphaa'phan' N February.

    I.~ eJ'W--

    idem. under

    -The names of all the months are listed


    b ~ e.J'W.

    nii11 ~ kY-oklaau' N 1. center, middle. 2. (as


    n. mod.) central, middle, center.

    Qd-l 1 ~

    ( eJ ~A) in

    kumaan' (?ou')
    q

    N roy. boy.

    ~~'YlS4n~:w
    d

    (sUn) kYl:J'souklom' (stig') N eleg.

    n b~ 1
    'l

    LJ '11 n b611 ( &1d ) plaakulaw I ( tua I) N a


    N good deeds, merits.

    hemisphere.
    fl ~ ~ 16()' 1l 1 ~ ryt) I raadchakaam I
    ~ k\)?1

    kind of salt water fish. semi- official.

    nA61
    q

    kus<5n 1 , kus<5nla:::: charity.

    n1 ~ - -

    V co 11 o q. 1. to be groundless, false, fake.

    2. to fake, make up.

    Q~611'U

    kul~ab'

    N rose.
    ( 17l'W)

    vn-- ( ~ vn)
    rosebush.

    rose (the

    nn
    q

    kugkug' i mit. "cluck, cluck" (the clucking of a hen).

    flower). 17l'W--

    kuu 1

    P s p. to i nf. I, me. Rude word, paired "you."

    n ~ ( i1) k(l:n' (tua') N crustacean, i.e. shrimp,


    'I

    with ~ ~

    prawn, lobster.
    ~~

    Q kuu' V to halloo, shout, call out (esp. when searchN a large variety ing for someone).
    Q~1

    n1l.ln ~

    1:W kfiukttamkraam'

    of prawns.

    kuu 1 haa' V to call out (in search of someone).

    n ~ ~ eJ tJ k(luf3j' N a small variety of shrimps.


    9

    n kfiu' V 1. to redeem, salvage. 2. to borrow '\J

    n cu
    (money at interest).
    I ._..

    38
    ward, clumsy.

    n eJ n

    cu._.

    k~J/kQu/

    to restore, bring back, build up. V to restore, redeem, save.


    cu

    bnbiJ.TJ

    keen/ N 1. standard. 2. fixed point or line.

    n eJLJ n
    cu

    .. = n v1 ~ as in
    nvrw 1 cu ....

    k~Jb/kfiu/

    . . ""' n ~ ~ 'U d 'W n 1 ~ n 6(] 1 ~


    v
    v

    3. limit.

    krabuankaan/-

    ~in l n~TJ l~gkeen/ N rule, principle.


    eJ ~ 1'W l n~Tlcr' juunajkeen/ 1. to be within the limits
    cu

    kOuch~ad/

    liberation movement. to save face. e 1 e g. to borrow (at interest).

    kQu/n~a/

    of, in the area of. 2. to be in a state of.


    b n~sn [.[} keen/ V 1. to force, compel.

    1(1

    eJ n

    cu ....
    cu

    kh~JkQu/

    2. to draft,

    l ~'W n l)C}nkfiu/ N loan.

    conscript; to levy (troops). V to loan, lend (to someb n~sn ~

    1;(... );
    cu

    h~j( ... )kfiu/

    1~
    ....

    keen/caau/ V to conscript for labor

    one) (at interest).


    n!i1 in
    cu

    lneJn~ ~akuun/ V eleg. to aid, support. 'U

    ....

    (with pay).
    'VlJJ 1 tJ l n~en
    cu
    r~n

    l n~snrJ~1 J
    ....

    thuugkeen/thahaan/

    to be drafted.

    bn kee/

    1. to be twisted, distorted, slanted; to

    ( 1'U' ~cU'U)
    ~

    maajkeen/ (baj/, cha~b/)

    be disfigured, lame. 2. co 11 o q. to play truant

    N conscription notice.
    b n~ in
    c::

    (from school or duty).


    6()

    ~n

    cu

    b n~

    ( bJJ~)

    lOugkeed/ (med/) N colloq.

    1 l n khaakee/

    to have a twisted leg (as from

    raisin.
    b n'U keb/ V 1. to pick up, collect, gather. 2. to

    paralysis).
    b n k~e/

    V co 11 o q. to be false, counterfeit. [f.

    keep, to store; to confine. 3. s 1 a ng to get rid of, to silence.


    b n'U b n tJ d kebklaw/
    ~

    Chin.]
    1 it.
    bn
    +

    -s y n. l ~tJ JJ,

    tJ ~ eJJJ

    com.,

    1~bb;
    o
    ~

    to harvest.

    kee/ V to be chic, gay, smart-looking.

    q~
    0

    b n'U l n tJ 1 ryduu/kebklaw N harvest, har-

    l n n:w~ l ~~ n keegmareeg/ wayward. -Cf.


    c::

    to be knavish, roguish,

    vesttime.
    b n'U ~ 1

    l n b J.

    keb:gam/ V to hide, conceal (something). A'W-cashier,

    l n n Jj ~ b~ ~ n l n b J keegmareeg/keeree/ idem.
    b

    b n'U b ~'W keb:gC}n/ to collect money.

    n~

    ke:g/ V to guess, conjecture, speculate.

    bill collector.
    b n'U ( .. ) b ~tJ'U keb( ... )utah/ to keep (something)

    l n ~ ke:g/* V 1. to be expert (in doing something),


    be good at (doing something). sV 2. expertly.
    0

    in secret.
    l n'U 1~ k~bdaaj/ V to pick up (something lost or
    ~

    l 6() 1 l ~ ~ rJ 1 ~ n 1 ~ F1;d khawke:g/ -thaa:g/kaan~

    ....

    khrua/* She's good at cooking.


    I

    discarded by others).

    b ~'W

    l ~'W'WGi b n ~ l@n/tennfd/- ke:g/

    to play

    b n'U~ d kebtua/

    Q./

    1. to confine, place (someone)

    tennis well, expertly.


    I

    in confinement. 2. s 1 ang to get rid of, do away with (someone). 3. to be shut in, withdrawn (in personality).
    ~
    e:;,j

    bn ~

    n 1 ~ ke:gkaad/ v to be bold, brave, fearless.

    eJ 1 ~ l n ~ ?uadke:g/ V to act as though one is able

    to do something without trying; hence, to think oneself smart, to talk big, to brag.
    b n~

    b n'UJl1~

    keb/phaasri/ to collect a tax or duty. taxation, taxing, the collection of taxes

    n1 J - ~ ~

    ( ~1) k@e:g/ (tua/) N writ. com. barking


    deer. -Also

    ~ l n~ c 0 m.
    N 1. the hood or covering

    or duties. A'W-tax collector . .... l n'U b ~ n~ 6i JJ'W eJ tJ keb/leg/ -phas~m/nj:)j / e 1 a b. co 11 o q. to save up little by little.
    l n'U ( ... )

    l n~

    ( ~i ~

    ) ke:g/*(la:g/)

    of a boat or car. 2. a building with a Chinese temple- style roof. [f. Chin.]
    ~
    C::

    1; keb( ... )wcij/

    to put up, store up,

    put away, keep (something).


    l n'U6io1 ;'U keb/samrcib/ v

    r1 b n ~

    ( A'W) r6dke:g/ (khan/) N sedan (car).


    I

    Q..l

    to clear (the table);

    l n ~ n eJ tJ in l tJ tJ

    Ln ~ n eJ tJ n 1 1 n J ~

    '-'

    <)

    L~

    khaje:gkeu~

    to put up the (food) tray.


    b n'U'VleJJJ J eJJj ~'U kebh~Jm/rJJmrfb/ v

    kJJjkaaw/kradbod/ N hop- step-and- jump, an athletic sport.


    .... ....

    c 0110 q.

    to save up.
    b n tJ d b n'U
    d
    ~

    Ln ~ n 1 ~ k@e:g/kaau/ V to be gangly, gangling, awk-

    klawk~b/

    to harvest.

    39
    ~ "" fi'W b n'U b ~ 'W

    ( Fl'W)

    khon'k~bgan'

    {khon')

    N 1.

    b n ~ t:J 1 n ~ 1 1
    ~

    kriawkraaw' V to be noisy, make a

    cashier. 2. bill collector.


    Fl'W b n'U ~ 1
    ~

    din, make a commotion, a tumult. (khon') N ticket


    b n s tJ d n ~ 1 ~
    krtawkr~ad'

    J:,

    ( Fl'W)

    khon'k~btua'

    1. to be furious. 2. to

    collector.
    'Wo1 b Tl'U nam'k~b' V to put into storage.
    &>I
    ~

    scold angrily; to treat unsparingly.


    b n Ls keeree' V to be knavish, roguish, wayward.

    b:Wt:Jbn'U

    (Fl'W)

    miak~b'

    {khon') N mistress;
    b n~ ~

    -see b n n :w ~ bVi ~ n

    illicit wife; secret minor wife or concubine.

    ( b n~ ~ , eJ'W)

    kled' (kl~d', ?an')

    N 1. scale

    -s y n.

    b tJ 'U

    iJ i

    (as of fish); flake. 2. sew. tuck, dart. V 3. N storehouse. roon'kebr6d' (roon') N to crack (grain, as a bird).
    6(J eJ ~ b n ~ ~ kh~:Jd'kl~d' to scale (a fish).
    ~ ~

    1S ~ b n 'U roonk~b' 1~ ~ bfl'U s bl ( 1 ~ ~)


    garage.
    ~

    bl ~ b n'U ryduu'keb' N harvest, harvesttime. 'U


    ~

    vnJ 1 n b n'U
    ~ ~

    m~agk~b'
    ~

    N jackstones.
    h~n'kebkh3:Jn' {h~n')

    n clib'kled' V sew. to make darts. ~ 6 n~ ~ tii'kled' sew. to make a tuck, to tuck. bcU'W b n~ ~ penkl~d' to be scaly.
    ~ 'U b ~ ~
    &>I
    ~

    &>I

    vHJ ~ LnLJ6(JeJ ~
    I

    ( 'VleJ ~)

    b n ~ eJ

    ( Fl'W)

    klaa' {khon') N co 11 o q. pal, friend,

    storeroom.
    b n :W

    comrade. N game. [f. Eng.]

    -s y n.

    6'W eJ'W com.,

    :W~

    ""

    S e 1 e g.

    ( eJ t:J 1 ~ ) keem' (jaan')


    LL'Vi~

    b ~ eJ LL 1 klaaktew'

    N (one's) best pal; good pal,

    b nt:J,-6
    I

    kaaj', kaajhten' V to run aground.


    d

    very intimate friend.


    b'W eJ'W b n G1 eJ ( Fl'W)

    ns ~ kreen' V to be in awe of, to fear. n~ ~ b ns ~ krlnkreen' v to suspect, be afraid


    (that).
    bn S ~ tJ 1:W kreenkh~am' V to be in awe of, to

    ph9anklaa' (khon')

    N close

    friend, pal.
    b n ~ 1 klaw' V to smooth, trim, polish.
    ~

    b n~t:J ~ b n~ 1 kltauklaw' V to be smooth; to be

    fear, to revere.
    ~

    neat and clean, unblemished.


    b n ~ 1 kla.aw'* N 1. roy. head.

    n s ~ 1~

    kreeucaj' V to have consideration for;

    V 2. com. to roll

    to be reluctant to impose (upon).


    t:Jo1 bn S ~ jamkreeu' V to respect, be in awe of. 'Vi'J'W b n ~
    JJ

    or tie up the hair in a bun.


    ~

    -s y n.
    ~:W

    1. See vr1

    Ln~ 1 n ~ ~ ~ :W
    ~

    kla.awkraph~m'

    P e 1 a b. e 1 e g. de f. com.

    ~ w~nkreen'

    V to be afraid of, apprehen-

    m. sp. I, me. -Syn. See


    b n~ 1 ~ ~ kla.awph()ml
    'U 'U

    sive of.
    'V!'J 1 ~ b n s ~ w~adkreen' V to be afraid, to fear.
    b
    f!t

    to tie up the hair in a bun.

    'Yl'Wvr'J 'Yl'W b n ~ 1 thuun'hua'-thuun'kla.aw' V e 1 a b.

    ns ~
    c:

    kren'

    1. to stiffen, harden. 2. to be rigid.


    ~

    co 11 o q. to adore, idolize.

    bn S ~ kred' N 1. embellishments, frills {added to

    ~IJ ~ b ~ b n~ 1 ph~ubauk~dd'klaaw' N e 1 e g.
    '\.1
    I I

    a story). 2. fragments, bits, minor matters.


    b

    parents.
    d ~
    I

    -s y n.

    'W eJ bL:W

    com.

    ns 1 ~

    ( V~) kr~?/ (chud') 'l

    N 1. armor. 2. suit

    b n tJ klla' V to smooth off, level down.

    of armor.

    ln~ b n~t:J kl~jklla' V to settle matters; to me-

    SblbnS1~

    (A'W)

    r6dkr~?/ (khan') N milit. 1.


    ~

    diate, arbitrate.
    b n ~ tJ in b n ~ tJ n ~ eJ :w
    ~

    tank. 2. armored car.


    b

    kl takl~m'

    to persuade, talk

    n~'W

    k~n'*

    to inform in advance, to forewarn.

    ~
    b n ~ t:J
    ~

    someone into doing something.


    ~

    bn stJ ~ ln s kriankraj'

    to be powertul, superior.

    kltau' V 1. to be smooth, clean. 2. co 11 o q.


    ~

    Fl 'J 1 :W- - power, supremacy.

    to be used up, exhausted, all gone, cleaned out.


    0

    bn~tJ'W krian' V to be (very) short (esp.of hair).


    b n ~tJ:W
    Jl
    C9>

    6(J 1 d b n ~ tJ ~ ~ 1 'W kha.aw'kl taucaan' The plate is

    kriam' V to be parched, scorched, sun-

    clean {because the rice has been eaten).


    b ~ lJ ~ b ~ 1 kl tauklaw' V 1. to be smooth.

    burnt, singed.
    &>I

    2.

    6'V!tJ:W 6 n S t:J:W htamkriam' V to be unmerciful,

    to be neat and clean, unblemished.

    unrelenting.
    Ln ~tJ:W ~ kriam'. Variant of b ~ ~t:J:W.

    bn~tJ~ kllad' V tohate,detest.

    Ln~tJ~~~ klladchau' V to hate, detest, despise

    I_

    bn~t.J~

    40

    (hate strongly).

    agriculture (esp. as a field of study).

    ~ ~ 6n~t.J ~~~if~

    ,..

    co:okllad'couchau/ V e 1 a b.

    bn~Ul ~A 1 ti U1 a kaseed"saad' N agriculture (as a

    co 11 o q. to hate and hold a grudge against (someone).


    I

    science).
    b n~~ S 1 fin 1 ~

    kaseed'traathfkaan/ N agricultural

    'W1

    tn61t.J~

    na.akllad/, nda/kllad' V to be ugly,

    supervision.
    l n~:J.J kaseem'

    unsightly.
    l n~tl1 kliaw' V 1. to be twisted.

    to be happy, delighted, cheerful.

    N 2. twisted

    b n~s
    I,

    FS. See
    (

    LnIii~ N bot. 1. general -Also

    string. 3. spiral thread (of a screw), helical groove.

    nE;i ~

    eJU)

    kees3;:>n/ (?an/)

    term for stamen and pistil. 2. pollen. klomkliaw/

    n~:w

    n~tl 'J

    v
    -

    to be harmonious,
    ~~

    b n~~

    FS.
    ~
    c;;

    united; to get along well (together). 6 n~tl 'J i~~'W 6 kliaw/samphan' N the bonds of a relationship.
    1,

    ,..

    eHJ ~ b n ~

    ( L:Wl?l)

    la?J;:,u"kees3::ln' (med") N

    bot. pollen, pollen grain.


    b neJ k$a.t V to get disappointed, be hurt and embar-

    V'W b n~tl 'd penkliaw' 1. in a coil-like form.


    2. in a twisting, spiraling fashion.

    ...,

    rassed by having one's anticipations unfulfilled .


    ...,

    un b n eJ
    d

    k~ek~e/

    V to cover up one's embarrass-

    o LYl'J d)cw Ln~tJ 'd tua'penkliaw' idiom. very hard, busily (of working).

    ment (by laughing or by changing the subject).

    tnen.sta ,un~--Also
    I,

    kaarli", keeukaarli/ N Indian curry.


    d

    ~ ~ Ln~tJ 'd rl'W loukliaw'kan"V idiom. to get along


    together. Ln~ eJ klya/ N 1. common salt. 2. a chemical salt.

    n~Vf~

    karli'.

    n ~ n~

    ke?k~? /

    v to be obstructive, disorderly.
    2.

    b n1 kaw" V to scratch (oneself) (with one's fingers).

    n ~ ~ Ln~ eJ krod/klya' N hydrochloric acid.


    b n~ eJ n ~
    1,

    b n 1 kaw/ V 1. to be old (of non-living things).


    , I

    ~ klyakrbd' N acid salt.

    to be old, i.e. former (of both living and nonliving things).


    I

    n~ e:J~ ~ klyac)ryd/ N gypsum.


    aj
    I

    - D i s t.

    Un

    C9> ,

    6(/ ~ 1 , b jijJ 1 .
    eJ ~ 6 tJ

    b n6i eJ ~11 ~ klyadaau/

    N basic salt.

    n ~ ~ bn1
    I

    kruuk~w.t

    pN common name of

    ~ l n~ eJ diiklya/ N Epsom salt.


    I,

    Ayuthaya (the old capital).


    I,

    n~an klyag/ v 1. to roll, be rolling (in something). 2. to wallow.

    n1 b n'W n1 &i
    I I

    kaw/ke}ankaan/ to be out-of-date,

    antiquated.
    b n 1 1,1, n kawkte'

    I,

    n ~ eJ'W klyan/ V 1. to be abundant, luxuriant. 2. to


    be found all over the place, scattered all over.

    v to be old, of long standing.

    ~ eJ ~
    d

    L 1 ( J f.J 1 ~ '

    ~'W) kh~Jukaw/

    (jaau 1 , chfn/)

    n&l'U b n~ 8'W
    d

    klobklyan' V to cover up (a blunder).

    N antique.
    b'W e:J'W b n 1 ( A'W)
    ~

    bn 6i 8'W n~ 1 ~ klyanklaad' V to be scattered all

    ph9ankaw' (khon')

    N an old

    over, dispersed.
    bn ~ e:J'W l
    ~

    friend, former friend.


    aj
    I

    'U~d.Jl?l

    klyan/pajmod/ to be scattered all

    d.J eJ l n 1

    ( Fl'W, :We:J)

    myykaw/ (khon/, myy/)

    N -Ant.

    over in large numbers.


    I, n6i

    idiom. an old hand (at some activity).

    e:J'W

    kl~an/

    N chloasma, a skin disease charac-

    ~eJlVf~.
    Vf'd bn 1
    ....., I

    terized by yellowish-brown spots. Ln1tJ'W ( b 6i :W) kwian/ (l@m/)


    I

    ~A-- idem.

    ( A'W)

    huakaw/ V 1. to be conservative, tradi-

    N 1. cart, wagon.
    bn1

    tional, old-fashioned. N 2. (a) conservative (khon/). ( #.) k.aw/* Nm nine.


    ( #.o)

    C 2. a unit of capacity, equiv. to 2000 liters.


    b n't9-~ ~

    -s y n.

    'W'VJ lit.

    kaseed', kaseed/tra::::

    N land, cultivated

    land. Chiefly in compounds. ture, agricultural work.


    b n't9-~ ~

    n 1 ~ - - agriculN

    i,;1 ~'U ~'U b;1


    b n1;l?1

    ( <9)#.)
    'U

    k~awslb/ slbk~aw/

    Nm ninety. Nm nineteen. N chestnut.

    ( l ~~, 61n)

    kawlad-' (med-', lflug/)

    n ~ ( Fl'W) n ~ ~ :W

    kaseed/trakJ:)n' (khon.t)

    agriculturist, farmer.
    b n't9-~ ~

    Ln 18

    i, n 1VI~ ...,
    ...,

    kawlii/ pN Korea.

    kaseed.ttraka.m/, kaseed.tkam.t N

    ..., ..., 6n 1S'W 'J :W

    ( ~1)

    kaw?ti/ (tua/)
    ( t?l'J)

    N chair.

    k~w?tinuam/ (tua/) N overstuffed

    41

    chair.

    antiquated.

    ir~

    L n1 ~

    '-'

    n~u/ka.w?ti/

    1. to be seated, take a

    Ln'Wn 11

    .<::.

    ka(;)n/kwaa~

    beyond, far more than; far

    chair. 2. co 11 o q. to take a position in, have a seat in, take an office.


    b 1~

    too, far too much. bTl'WFl1 ~ kaankh~ad/ beyond expectation.

    b 1 ~)

    k~?/ (k~?/)

    N island.

    b rl'W 1'U kaanpaj/ excessively, too.

    b 1 ~ 61J~ 'd 1
    cv

    n b n1 :r. 61 ~ n1

    k~?/chawaa/

    pN Island of Java.

    o ~ 'W b rl'W 1 'LJ conkaan/paj/ excessively, far too. o ~1n

    k:,?/laukaa/ pN Island of Ceylon.

    brl'W1'LJ

    ma.ag/kaanpaj/ too much; much too

    bn 1 ~el1 'J 1 tJ k~?/haawaaj/ pN Hawaiian Islands. [ ~ 1 'd 1 tJ f. Eng.]


    I I I

    (e.g. hot).
    o ; 8'W btl'W 1'U r5on/kaanpaj/ (it) is too hot.

    'V!J..J b n 1 ~
    cu

    ( 'Vi'JJ ''V!JJ b n 1 ~)
    cu cu

    muuk:,?/ (mtlu/, muukJ?/)

    JJ 1 n b ll'WFl 'J

    s m~ag/kaankhuan/ 1. more than is

    N a group of islands, archipelago.


    b n1 ~ [.[) k~?/

    good, proper. 2. much too (e.g. big, etc.).

    v
    c
    0

    1. to cling, perch. 2. to cling to. m. 1. to be born. 2. to arise,

    1~ b rhJ

    majkaan-' not to exceed, not more than,

    b ~ kaad/

    no more than. Sl 'J ~ b fl'W 11laukaan/ to trespass against, offend, show dis respect to (someone).
    b'Vi'~ 8 b fl'W lyakeen/, lyakaan/ very, extrerpely,

    occur, happen, take place. 2. to originate, give rise to. birth).


    &''

    Fl'W-A'J 1JJ--

    births (persons born, cases of birth. -Syn.

    <tJ~ b n~ eleg.

    ~ v1; bn ~ k~o/hdjkaad/ v
    6 n~o(J'W kaad/kh~n/
    A

    to cause, give rise to.

    exceedingly. o 6(] 1 --1 l VI~ eJ b fl'W cha.u/lyakean/ V 1. to be extraordinary, terrific. 2. to be awful, terrible.
    b fJ See
    I

    V 1. to occur. 2. to start up,

    break out, develop.


    bn~A1 1J.JA~ kaad/khwaamkhfd/ to get an idea..
    b

    n
    d

    rhJ ~ .

    0"'

    n~'Ll ~ ~ 1tJ v~ k~ad/prajood/


    good.

    to be advantageous,

    bfltJnn1tl

    klagkaaj/ N milit. commissary.

    beneficial, useful; to be of benefit, do (some)

    b ntJ ~ klan/ V to argue over, disagree as to who will

    do it (put it up to the other person).

    bn~JJ1 (1) kaad/maa/; (2) kaad/maa~

    1. to be

    b ntJ ~ ~ 1 Fl1

    klau-'raakhaa/ to argue over the price.

    born, to have been born. 2. co 11 o q. to happen to (e.g. get sick).


    b

    l tJ ~ See entries below.


    6 ntJ &i Fl ~ 1'W kladkhraan/

    e 1 eg. to be lazy.

    n~~

    k8ad/mii~

    1. to happen that; there hap-

    tJ b ntJ ~ khtiklad/

    Col

    c 0110 q. to be lazy. to dislike, to mind.

    pened to be. 2. to arise, occur, exist. 3. to happen to have. o

    r ~ b n t.J ~ rauklad-'
    b nt.J ~
    0"'
    a'

    ( b fltl ~) kia/ (kia/) N gear. [f. Eng.] -Also

    1 '-' eJ 1 ~ ~ ~ 6n ~JJ~'W ~
    "" ""&'

    ?aadcakaad/mii/- kh~ndaaj/

    written b tJ
    b tJ 1 b tJ
    d

    may occur, might occur.


    6 n~SID'VISI1'W k8ad/1Qugl~an/ to have descendants.
    cu

    n~
    ""

    khdwkia/ to put in gear, engage the gears.


    0"'

    biJ S1 U'W 6 n t.J ~ pllankia/ to shift gears.


    b nt.J

    ~ 11lii ~ 1 Jj 6 n~ taammii/taamkaad-' according to


    one's means, as one can afford.

    ~ ~ klad/, kladti:::
    0"'

    N honor.

    6 n t.J ~ ~ t.J Fl

    kladtij6d-' N honor, prestige.

    rt11; b n~
    rise to.

    thamhajkaad/ to cause, produce, give

    b fltl ~ ~r\n~ 6~'W b tJ

    kladtis~g/
    b~ )--

    prestige.

    n ~ ~'

    penklad/,

    ph~apenklad"

    as an

    ~eJ b n~
    'U 1'W b n~

    bb'VI~) b~ok8ad/
    I

    (heu/)

    N source, origin,
    'l.;

    honor; in honor (of).


    I

    place of origin; birthplace (e.g. of a custom).


    ( 66'H-!l) Mankaad/ (hu/) N birthplace.

    ~:ij b ntJ ~ ~
    cu

    ( YJTW) }~

    phO.umiiklad' (than/) N honor-

    able person (i.e. one with rank, distinction).


    b ~ eJ Jj b ntJ

    'iJ b n~

    piikaad/ N year of birth.


    d

    syamklad/

    to be disgraced, de-

    u ~ n b n~ r~eg/kaad/ newborn.

    graded.
    N. birthday.
    b

    1'W bn ~ ( rJ'W)
    I
    A

    wankaad/ (wan/)

    ntJ 'J
    d

    0)

    klaw/

    to hook, hitch. klawk5j/(kan) V to hook each

    Ln'W kaan' V to exceed, be in excess of. bn1 bn'Wn1SI kaw-'kaankaan-' to be out-of-date,

    b ntJ 'J

    nlt.J ( n'W)

    cv

    other's little fingers (of lovers or intimate

    Lnll'd

    (9)

    42

    friends of the same sex, esp. w.).


    A

    b eJ'U'Yl n F1'W
    9

    Icyab'thugkhon' almost every person.

    b ~'W b nll d n eJlJ

    '-'

    daan'klawk~j/

    to walk with

    b6() 1

    nbneJ'U 1tJ

    khawk~ky.ab'paj~ He almost (e.g.

    little fingers hooked. Cf. Eng. "walk arm in arm.''


    b nlJ
    d

    got hit) too.


    b eJ'U ~ ~

    Icyabca~ AA almost, nearly, on the verge

    'd lf! klaw' V 1. to cut (as with a sickle). 2.

    of.
    b eJ'U (

    to harvest, reap.
    <:;

    d
    <:;

    b n'U b n lJ d
    cu

    k~bklaw'
    d

    to harvest. N harvest, har-

    ~ ~) 1~ Icyab(ca)m~j~ AA hardly, scarcely. bneJ'U ~ ~ 1~1 tJ bb; 'd tt kyabcam~jpaj'ltewsii~ (I)


    b eJ'U ~

    o bl ~ b n'U b n ll 'd
    d
    <:;

    ryduu'k~bklaw'

    almost didn't go.


    0

    vesttime, harvesting season.


    b nll db n'U klawkeb'
    d
    Q..l

    qJ

    ~ 1~ eJ eJ n duuky.ab'cam~j?~~g'

    (one)

    to harvest.

    can hardly make (it) out, can hardly distinguish

    b n lJ d

    g)

    n'U' ~ d lJ)

    klaw'(ka~, dfiaj~)

    to con-

    (them); (it) can hardly be made out. bb n kee' p c


    0

    cern, be related (to), concerned (with). Ln ll 1 6() eJ ~ ( n'U)


    d
    Q..l

    m. 1. he, him, she, her, they, them.

    klawkh~u'(ka~)

    V 1. to be re-

    2. you (m. sp. to int. m., or w. sp. to int. w.; otherwise derogatory except among persons of low social status). Paired with rl'W
    lfl,

    lated (to). 2. to have dealings (with), have to do (with).


    b nll d

    ~'W "I, me."

    d ~ eJ ~ klawd~~u'
    Q..l

    to be related (of kindred). to be related (to). n 1 ~-un

    'V'l bb n

    phtikee' c

    11 0 q. he, that fellow; she, that

    b nll 'd'V'l'W klawphan'


    d

    lady.
    (9)

    relation, connection.
    F11 'U bn lJ 'd
    d
    kh~abklaw'

    kee'

    1. to be old, aged (of living things,

    V to overlap, be overlap-

    e.g. people, animals, plants). 2. to be ripe, mature {of fruit). 3. to be dark {of colors). 4. to be strong, concentrated {of coffee, tea, and other liquids). 5. to be an old hand at, be accustomed to.
    1.
    Ln 1 . Fl'W--

    ping, extend over (into).

    l
    I

    :W b nlJ 'd m~jklaw'


    J

    1. not to be concerned, not

    .to concern. 2. to be unrelated.


    Q..l

    lJ ~ b nll 'd ( n'U) jfi:oklaw'(ka~) V to associate with,


    9

    old person.
    Ltil 1

    -Dis t.

    get involved with.


    b lJ d ktaw'

    -s y n.

    1. 6(] ~ 1 ,

    n
    S'U

    "'

    to court, woo, seduce.

    n ~ ~ bb n krbdkee' N c hem. concentrated acid.


    b n 1 bb n kawkee' V to be old, of long standing. Lbn ~ eJ:lJ kee'u~~m' V to be overripe.
    IQ..I

    "' brlll'd'V'l1~1~ ktawphaa'raasii' V elab. colloq.


    to court, woo; to make love to.
    b rlll 'd ( 6(]1:W, 171'1) kfaw' (chaam', tua') N wonton

    Lbn~'d

    keetua' V to age.
    eJ:lJ keeu~m' V to be very old {of people).

    (Chinese ravioli). [f. Chin.]

    bbn~ ~

    brlll'JL~ kiawtoo' pN Kyoto. [f.Japan.]


    6'V

    F1'Wbtil1Fl'Wbbn khonth~w'khonkee' N elab. colloq.

    b rlll

    a'::

    6()

    1 ~ , F1) kfa?l N Chinese wooden slippers qJ

    old people, elderly people, the aged.


    a'
    I

    (kh~au'

    for one of a pair; khQu' for a pair).

    Fl ~ ~ Jl Lb n khan'kee' V e 1 e g. 1. to be at full preg-

    [f. Chin.]
    J-' b neJ k9a' J-'
    LneJn~

    nancy. N 2. full pregnancy. eleg. to help.


    I

    -s y n.

    l1 eJ ~ bb n

    "'

    com.
    btil 1 bb n ( F1 'W)
    th~wkee'

    k9akuun' V eleg. to aid, support.


    qJ

    {khon')

    N 1. a go- between

    neJ n

    q)'-'

    ( 6() 1 ~ , F1 ) ryag 1 N com. shoes (kh~au' for


    -Syn.
    ~eJ~
    <:;

    who arranges a marriage. 2. an aged, wealthy Chinese man.


    I

    oneofapair; khfiu' forapair).


    bl11 eleg.
    b

    b ~:lJbbn temkee' in the highest degree, extremely,


    6()

    neJ n:w"'1 n

    ( 5'W,

    "'

    1 ~) Icyagmaa' ?an 1, kh~au 1 ) N o

    exceedingly.
    ~'d 6()
    A

    horseshoe.
    ll 1'~ b eJn jaakhadkyag' N shoe polish.
    b

    1 'db ~:lJLbn hiwkh~aw'temkee' to be exceed-

    c::;

    ingly hungry.
    I

    ne.J'U
    I

    ryab' qM 1. almost, nearly, about. AA 2. almost, nearly, on the verge of.


    ~'d:W,

    ~ 1 'dun

    ( Fl'W)

    saawkte' (khon')

    N spinster, old

    -s y n.

    1.

    maid.
    ~~ ~ L~n
    ( Fl'W)

    2. ~'d'W,

    bbrl'U,

    tJ1~

    lfl.

    ji:ok 1 (khon 1 )

    N e 1 eg. old woman.

    43

    -syn. tl1tlLln

    com.

    thing) to (someone).
    eJ 1 tl bb
    Lln

    lbn l.l k~e' AA too much.

    n1 ~

    ?aaj 'kacaj 1,

    k~e-

    to be ashamed.

    o
    I

    bbn'W~ k~e'phflud'
    1\J

    to talk too much. to (with indirect object), for.

    k~e'

    V 1. to untie, undo, unwrap. 2. to undo,

    lbn m k~e=:, k~=:, ka=:

    take off (clothes). 3. to undo (an error), correct, revise, alter. 4. to mend, repair. 5. to solve. 6. to remedy, relieve (an illness). 7. to explain away, make an excuse. b Fl S eJ ~-9

    NOTE. (1) The pronunciation ka=: is often reflected in the orthography; see

    n~

    ~.

    (2)

    Subentries in which variant pronunciations of


    bb n are indicated give the usual pronunciation

    remedy, cure.

    llnn6i:W k~ekl11m' V to ease one's mind, overcome

    first.
    1;Lln' daajkee=, -ka= 1. to consist of, include, be

    or relieve one's anxiety.

    un l n eJ
    Un 6(J ~
    '-'cv

    k~ek~a'

    V to cover up one's embarrass-

    (followed by one item or a list of items). 2. such as, namely, consisting of. 3. (a prize) to go to (someone). -See cross ref. -co mp. 1, 2. Fl eJ.
    1:9
    ~

    ment (by laughing or by changing the subject).


    k~ekhad'

    V 1. to serve the purpose tempo-

    rarily (as a means of relief), to tide one over. 2. to relieve one's soreness (as by massage).
    ll;16(J

    ~~

    un ns s :w

    th}Tu'keekam' e 1 eg. to pass away,


    ~1tl

    die. -Syn.
    C::
    I

    com. to be confident.

    k~ekhAj'

    V to correct, emend, amend, im-

    ll~Lln1 ~ n~e'k~caj'
    <V

    prove, revise, resolve (a bad situation).


    bl n llFl'W k~ekheen' V to take revenge.
    ll n ( ...

    btl'W 1 'Yltllbn ~ 'd penthaj'k~tua' to be independent. b~'W~ ~ d ~

    un rl'W pen?ldsara?lkekan'

    to be inde-

    )~ n

    k~e'( ...

    )tog' 1. to be able to solve,

    pendent of one another.

    to solve successfully. 2. t'o be solvable.


    1. to have the will,

    ~bbrll~ mii'kacaj 1, -k~e-

    bb;1~~n k~e'mtijtog'
    '-'cv

    can't solve (it), can't

    the spirit (to do something). 2. to be kind enough to, considerate enough to. 3. to be thoughtful, considerate of others.
    Fl 'd 1 :W- -

    figure (it) out; can't be solved, is unsolvable. Lb n~ 'd


    k~etua'

    V 1. to make up for one's losses

    or errors. 2. to find an excuse, make false excuses. o


    b ~ tl 'W bb n ~ 'd
    '-'cv '-'cv

    will, spirit; considerateness, thoughtfulness.

    ;un1 ~
    cu

    ruu'kacaj',

    -k~e-

    to know full well, to

    rian'k~etua' to repeat a class or

    be fully aware.

    course (because of previous failure).


    llntlqj'Vl1 k~e'panhAa' V to solve a problem, solve

    ~~e:J1tlbbn1~ ltf?aaj'kacaj', -k~e- to be ashamed. ~ 1lln1 ~ saa'kacaj', - k~e- to feel satisfied, to do


    something to one's heart's content (esp. when getting the better of somebody, when giving him what he deserves).
    C::
    I

    a riddle.
    bb n~ 1 k~ephtia'
    '-' c::

    1. to undress, disrobe, strip.

    2. to be naked.

    un b ~ ~
    '-'cv
    '-'

    k~ephed'

    to get back at (someone).

    b'V!'Wlbn h~n'k~=

    to look out for, think (only) of. for the sake of.

    lln e-l'W k~efAn' V to interpret a dream. Ll n!J eJ kte'myy' V to ask for a return match, a

    o b'We:J l 'Vl'Wlbn
    A

    c::

    ph9ahen'k~=:

    C::

    o :w b'Vl'Wlbn m!hen'k=: without thinking of, without regard to, without regard for. o l'Vl'Wbbn1~ h~n'k~d~aj' to be acquisitive, covetous. -s yn. 1~ Jl.
    C::
    I CV

    chance to make up for one's loss.


    ll nliio 1 k~e'lam'
    '-'

    v to retaliate.
    V to save face. 2. to

    C::

    '-'

    Ll n'Vl'W 1

    k~e'ntia'

    bb n ( . ) 'Vl1 tl k~e'( ... )hAaj' 1. to cure.

    o l 'Vl'WU,n ~ 'd hen'ketua' to think only of oneself,


    be selfish.

    correct, reform. 3. to be curable. o

    Ll;1~'Vl1 tl k~e'majhAaj'
    corrigible; incorrigibly.

    to be incurable, in-

    o b'Vl'Wbln'Vl'W 1 diced.
    b'Vl:W 1 ~ bb n

    c::

    '-'

    hen'k~n~a'

    to be partial, preju~~

    lb n khuud'k~e' V to scrape off (the error),

    m~? 'k~=:,

    - ka=: to be suited to.

    make a correction by scraping. 't11 ~ ll n

    1 ;un htijk~=:, -ka=: to, for. 1 ;( ... )un htij( ... )k~=:, -ka=:

    ( 't11 ~ )

    thaauk~e'

    (thaau')

    N solution;

    to give (some-

    remedy.

    I~

    44
    .__,

    L6n 1 ~

    tJ 1 uniJ(?)

    ( 6(J'W 1'W) jaak~ebld' (khan~an') N medbb n ~


    6 Fl
    .=J ~

    (implying an element of impatience or ennui).


    ~ kl~eu'

    icine for dysentery.


    66 n ~ keeu' N curry, curried food.
    d d 66n~n~~~ ,b6n~ 6nerv~s

    V 1. to make a show (of doing some-

    eJ ~ - - the

    thing), make a pretense. 2. to do on purpose. 3. to tease, annoy.

    spices and seasoning used in making curries. keeukarli', kee:gkC>C>rli'

    un~'U
    un~JJ

    ( eJ'W,

    ~'W)

    kleeb' (?an', chfn')

    N husk of rice,

    N Indian curry.
    bbn

    chaff.
    (9)

    ~l

    n keeuk~j'
    c:

    N chicken curry.

    kl~em'

    N snacks, appetizers taken with or

    bbn ~ ~ (?) keeuc}ryd' N mildly seasoned soup. un ~


    b~

    between drinks.
    bbn~J.J
    lJ.

    (?)

    keeuph~d'

    N hot curry.

    See
    ~

    n~ eJ:Wbbn~J-J.

    bb n~ 6i d.J keeusOm' N a sour soup made with tam-

    bbn~!iieJ'W
    ~

    keel~~n'
    ~

    N gallon. [f. Eng.]

    a rind paste.
    6(J

    b6 n~ 1 in
    ~

    bb n~ 1 n611 kltewkHta' V to be brave, bold,

    11 un ~ kh.awkeeu' N rice and curry eaten as

    courageous.

    a complete meal.
    I I

    un1 in
    N rapids.

    cu

    bb n1

    nlukeew' to have an inkling, a notion.


    2. a precious, in-

    b6n ~

    (9)

    un ~, bb~~)
    I I

    keu'*(keu', heu')

    U n 1 k~ew' N 1. crystal; glass.

    66n ~ l.J in

    bbn ~ bbtJ ~ kuj~eu'* V to engage in ri-

    dispensable organ or component. 3. the best of its kind.


    n
    ~ ~ ~ 1~bbn 1

    valry, vie (with); to be at odds (with), at loggerheads (with).


    bb n

    b Fl

    d ~

    eJ

    ~--

    glassware. (phen')
    N

    ( bU.J'W)

    krad~adk~ew'

    1au~'W 'J1JJ'W-sooliin'.

    keesooliin 1 , namman 1 keesooliin'

    transparent paper.
    bn~eJUn1

    N gasoline. [f. Eng.] -Also

    1.6; 6i LB(f~'W

    ked:;

    klC>C>'kew' N colloq. (one's) best pal;

    good pal, very, intimate friend.


    N axis.
    Lb n 1 ~ 1 k~ewtaa' N 1. an at. crystalline lens of

    un'W

    (9)

    u,n'W) keen' (keen')

    f;J 1 tJ un'W f~ajkeen'

    N the Axis, the Axis side.

    the eye. 2. idiom. the beloved, precious one, the apple of one's eye.
    ~

    bbn'W l.J in
    I

    bbn'W

    keenkeen' unwillingly, half-

    heartedly.
    bbn'W ken'* N 1. core, center, nucleus. 2. heart of

    o 6bn 1 ~ 1 ~ 1 k~ewtaadam' N iris {of the eye).


    0

    bb;1J1

    ( 1'U)

    ktewnaam' (baj')

    N water glass,

    a tree.
    I

    tumbler.
    bbn 1Vl
    cu
    k~ewhuu'

    u n'W~ 1 ~ kens~an' N essence, essentials, sub-

    N eardrum.

    stance.
    C:
    I

    b6;1 bVI; 1
    penkn's~an'

    ( 1'U)

    k~ewl.w'

    (baj ')

    N glass for

    o b'IJ'Wbbn'WGi 1 ~

    V 1. to be essen-

    liquor (e.g. cocktail glass, liqueur glass, etc.).


    &11 bbn 1
    ( &11)

    tial, substantial, solid. 2. to make sense.

    tuak~ew' (tua')

    (non-hairy) cater~~

    1~66n'W

    majken' N 1. a hardwood tree. 2. hard-

    pillar, larva of butterfly or moth. -Dis t.

    wood.
    bbn'U. Variant spelling of
    S'1J

    ~1 tJ U;1
    b6n'IJ
    (9),

    ( 1'U) thOajktew' (baj ')

    N glass (for

    l.J.

    drinking), tumbler .
    .__,

    bbnLJ

    (9),

    ~:~11 n--

    ( 1'U) ktb 1, muagktb1 *(baj 1 )

    'Wnbbn1
    ~

    (&11)

    n6gk~ew' (tua') N parrot.


    N prose.
    N taproot.

    cap (for the head). [f. Eng.]


    66nLJ
    LJ (

    eJ tJ_bb n1

    r6~jk~ew'

    eJ'W) ktb'*(?an')

    N percussion cap. [f.

    ~ 1 n bbn 1

    ( ~ 1 n)

    r.agk~ew' (r~ag')

    Eng.]
    66 n:W keem' V to be mixed with, mingled with.
    bbnJ.J ( bbn:W,
    6(1

    Vld.J eJ'U ~ 1 'U Fl1 'U bb n 1

    m~:Jbrtlab'khtlabk~ew'

    e lab.

    co 11 o q. to give in, surrender, yield completely.


    beJ1U;1 as in

    1 ~)

    k~em

    (k~em', kh~au')

    N com.

    fi1:WbeJ1lb;1eJ~1~

    thAam'-?aw:;

    cheek.
    I

    -s y n.

    tl ~ 1 ~

    1 i t., e 1 e g.

    k~ew'?araj'~ idiom.

    Why in the world (do

    66il ~ ~ kreu'* V to be strong, solid.


    c;;;

    you, should I, etc.) ask?


    Lbn 1 ~ kweu'* v
    lJ

    un ~ 'W kren' v
    b6 n ~ lJ . See
    I

    to be stunted, dwarfed. under


    n ~ eJ 'U

    to swing.

    n ~ eJl.J 1.b n ~ 'U

    n ')'~ Lln 1' ~ kw~dkweu' V 1. to swing, brandish.


    2. to oscillate, swing.

    un ~ 1 krw'* V to pass the time idly, hang around

    45
    lb n~ , ~6 n~ keedl, ktes I

    N gas, i.e. gaseous subsv

    1 n'W'VI'W 1~

    koonnuadl

    to shave (literally, shave

    stance. [f. Eng.] -Also

    nltV.

    -Dis t.

    bb;~1tti~'W ktdsooliinl N gasoline. -Also un;;:; (&f1) k?1(tual) N sheep. 6(J'Wb6n;;:; kh~nk?1 N wool, lamb's wool. 6~ n 66HJ ~ Lb n;;:; ( Fl'W) d~gll !auk? 1 (khonl)
    <9)

    n1 ~. un1tti~'W.

    the beard).

    i1t7l1n'W ( l~:W) mtidkoonl (l@ml) o 1'Ui1~ 1 n'W bajlmtidkoon' (bajl) 1n 6 'U koobeel pN Kobe. [f. Japan.]

    N razor. N razor blade.

    N 1.

    1ntJ

    koojl V 1. to scoop together. 2. to scamper, run quickly.

    shepherd boy. 2. one who cries wolf.


    6i nlb n;;:;
    CIJ

    ( &11 ) 11lugk? I (tual) N lan1b.


    2. to

    n eJ'U 1ntJ k~Jbkoojl v to gather in, scoop together


    (in large amounts).

    un;;:;

    lliJ

    k?1 V 1. to carve, carve out, etch.

    be carved. 3. to pick out, remove (tiny objects with the tip of the finger).

    1n ~ n

    krbogl

    1. to blow gently (of the wind).

    2.

    to be breezy, windy; to be open, airy, exposed to the breeze.


    N sculptor,

    un;;:;~in k?1sal~gl V to carve.


    I

    V1 ~ 66n ~ ( Fl'W)
    carver.

    ch~auk?1

    (khonl)

    1; k6ol
    L;
    l

    V co 11 o q. to be grand, elegant, beautiful,

    1n; ~ ( 1'U) krooul (baj') 1n ~ 6 krbodl V com. to below). -Syn. nf1


    ~

    N apothecary's mortar.
    be angry. roy.,

    Fl 1 1:W-- (see ~'W, 1:w1'VI com.

    smart, all dressed up.

    1n~66(J~ krbod 1 kh9ul V to be angry.

    k6ok()ol sV grandly, elegantly, smartly,

    1n ~ 6171 ~ 1?1
    Fl 1 1 :W 1n ~ 6
    eleg.,

    ~ krbod1-tauld 1 tauldl somewhat an-:

    in a chic manner.

    gered, a little angry. for fun, for the fun of it. khwaamkrbodl N anger.

    ~ 'W 1; ~ l~nlk6ok6o'

    -s y n. 1rJ ~ ~

    1n1; kook6o'
    1n ~

    N cocoa, chocolate. [f. Eng.]

    1J.J1'VI,Fl11:W1:w1vr

    com.

    kooul V 1. to be bent, crooked. 2. to cheat, chisel, deceive, take unfair advantage of others; to defraud, swindle. 3. to try to get out of a commitment, avoid one's duties or obligations.
    ~--

    1n ~+'W

    kroonl V to be sparse, thin (of hair on the head).

    1 n1 ~ 1 n1 ~ kooroolkoosool v to be dilapidated. 1 n6i n in u~J 1L n~ n m~enaamkool6gl pN the Kolok


    River.

    a cheat, a swindler.

    -s y n.

    l, 2.

    Fl L?l.

    -comp. 2. 9HJ.

    Ln6i 1'Vi~
    V to cheat, defraud, swindle.

    koolaah~nl N 1. disturbance, tumult, confu-

    ~eJ 1n ~ ch~Jkooul

    sion, melee. V 2. to be tumultuous, turbulent.

    ~i~ 1n ~ laukooul V 1. to have a crooked back


    (as from a deformity). 2. to be
    round-sh~ul

    Fl 'd 1 :W-'U

    tumult, turbulence. N urn.

    dered, stooped over; to have one's shoulders slouched over.

    1nA ( 1nFl, ~ n, 1'U) kbodl (kood', lOug', bajl) 1nvrn koohogl v com. to tell a lie. -s y n.
    n~116TI~,'Wt7l6TI~ eleg., 'Wt7l1~~~~ 'U 1nvrncw n6i :w koohoglph6gloml v e 1a b.
    CIJ

    t1 ~,

    com. co 11 o q.

    1~ ~

    kooul V 1. to bend upward, to arch. 2. to arch (the neck).

    to tell a lie.

    1n ~ ~ 1 A 1 1~~A~

    kooulraakhaal to raise the price; to

    ~1 nvrn
    1n;

    khtikoohogl

    m. to be given to lying,
    ~

    maintain a high price. kooul s~:Jnl to draw a bow. thamlaulkooul to arch the back (as

    prevarication.

    -s y n.
    1 n&1.

    6(Jt) L?l

    e 1 e g.

    kl~j 11 V 1. to be near, close, nearby. 2. to be


    close to. -Ant.

    'Yf1~i~ 1n~
    a cat).

    1ni] kood' Nm, C 1n~~ ( ~i ~, 1~ ~)


    ~b11ni~
    truck.

    ten million. -Also

    ~'U;1'W.
    Qt7l ~.
    N (motor)

    1n; ~ kl~jkl~jl quite close, near. 1 n;( ... ) b ~./ 1 kl~jl( ... }kh~w to approach,
    near, come near.

    to

    kooda:nl (laul, roou 1 ) N ware-

    house, godown. [f. Malay.] -Also

    1 n; 6 At!~ kl~jkhiaul
    neighboring. o

    V to be close, near, nearby,

    (A'W) v

    r6d'koodaul(khanl)

    1n; b F1t~ ~ n'U kl~jkhiau'ka=


    be nearly as much as.

    to be close to; to

    1n'W

    koon'

    to shave (beard, hair).

    I_

    46
    o

    l'WeJ'W'U1'W1n~ lFlt.J~ ph9anMan'kl~jkhiau' N


    neighbor.

    .....

    .....

    l ~ ~1 n o

    (1711 ) p~d'kaj I

    (tual)

    N barnyard fowl.
    N colloq.

    1n;llA kl~j'kh~e'

    'Vl:Wl~~ l~~1n muuh~d'p~dk~j' 'U


    meats of various kinds.

    1. to be as near as. 2. to be

    near (such and such).

    u~l n

    (1711)

    m~ekaj'

    (tua')

    N hen.

    1n~....,V~ kl~jch!d' V to be near, close, intimate. 1n;'Vl1n;l711 kl~jhiiu'kl~jtaa' elab. colloq.


    'U

    nearby, close to home, right under someone' s nose, close to (and therefore subject to) the observation or supervision of (someone). -opp. 1n~'Vl1n~l711.
    ..... ..... 'U

    ~'W 1 n l!nkaj' N uvula. ~ n1 n (1711) 11lugkaj' (tua') N chick, baby chicken. l;11 n lawk~j' N chicken coop. 1 n+ in rt11 n+ thamkajl v to feign ignorance or
    'U

    innocence; to play dumb.

    1 n~

    in

    l n ~tJ ~ 1 n ~

    kriaukraj'

    to be powerful,
    .....

    l 'tJ 11 n~ kh~wkl~j' V to come near, get close.

    superior.

    ll71 tJ 11 n~ l ~ tJ 11 n~

    ...., .J

    d1awkl~j'diawklaj' now

    l n~

    klaj' V to be far, distant.

    -Ant.

    1 n~.

    nearby, now far away.

    n ~ ~ L~ ~ 1 n~
    short range.

    kradbod'klaj' N broad jump. It's quite far.

    ~ ~ tJ ~ 1n; raj<t?lkl~j' short distance; l n ( l n) kaj' (kaj') N trigger. n~ l n ( ~'W, eJ'W) konkaj' (chin', ?an')
    nism.

    1n~L6(JeJ~ klaj'khoo'juu~ cu
    out of mind."

    ln~l7111n~1~ klaj'taa'-klaj'caj' "out of sight,


    N mecha-

    l n~'W (l n) kajpyyn' (kaj') t'W l n l~n'kaj' v 1. to pull


    gun) to go off.

    N trigger (of a gun). the trigger. 2. (a

    1 n ~ ~'Ui'U klaj'l!blab' V to be very far, distant. 1 n~'Vll n~ 1711 klajhiiu'klajtaa' e 1 a b. c 0110 q. cu


    distant, far off, far from (the supervision or observation of someone).
    j .....

    -op p.

    ~'U l n s~blkaj I V to pull the trigger.

    l~tJ11n~ l~t.J11n~ dlawkl~j'diawklaj' now nearby,


    now far away.

    .J

    1 n;'Vl1 n;1711. cu

    l n (1711) k~j'
    for fowl.

    (tua')

    N 1. chicken. 2. class term

    l6n~ln keeuk~j' N chicken curry. 1n6~ tJ kaj'khla' (a) chicken (is) scratching

    171 ~ 1'W eJ eJ n1 n~ Jj eJ ~ n 1 ~;1 n~


    (the tion.

    tawan?~Jg'klaj I the Far East.


    mJJukaanklaj' to be farsighted

    (have foresight), to foresee an incident or situa-

    ground). This expression is frequently used with reference to poor handwriting, as in the example below.
    0

    ~ ~ tJ ~ 1 n~ raja?lklaj' long distance; long range.

    l d ~ 1tJ :W eJ tJ ~ n~ n l 6(J tJ
    aj "-" I

    ll~'Wln~,1n~-- seen'klaj', klaj'seenklaj'


    laa j myy I j au ka? k~ j kh l a I to be very far away.

    the handwriting is sloppy.

    l n~ 1 ~ k~juuau' N turkey. ln l6; k~jc~e' N bantam chicken. l nV'W k~jchon' N fighting cock. l n; 1'W kajMan' N domestic fowl. l n~ 1 kajpaa' N wild fowl. ln;1 kajfaa' N pheasant. l nbi 11 kajsaaw' N pullet. l n~ eJ'W ( A'W) k~j?~Jn' (khon') N co 11 o q.
    naive, inexperienced person, a greenhorn.

    ~1 ~ 1n&i haauklaj' to be far, d 1n&i in 1n~ l n~tJ klajklla' V


    I I

    far away. to settle matters; mediator, arbitrator. N

    to mediate, arbitrate. e.J-._., I

    6(J eJ 1 n&i l n~ tJ ( 6(J eJ)

    ._.,

    cu

    kh~J'kl~jklla' (kh~J')

    point of mediation, point of arbitration.

    l n1

    kwaj' V to rock, swing, sway.

    n1~1n1 kwadkwaj' idem.


    a

    V'W l n ( 'Vl'W, A~~)


    6~

    chonkaj' (h~n', khrau')

    N 1.

    cockfight. V 2. to have a cockfight.

    6(J
    ~J-

    kh5J' HIGH consonant. Pronounced kh initially, g finally. kha:=. Frequent initial syllable, sometimes interkra:= and n ~ ka:=,

    eJ tJ 1 n ( eJ'W) dyajkaj I (?an') 66~1 nL~ tekajhoo' co 11 o q. at


    dawn; so early.

    N spur of a cock. cockcrow, at early

    changeable with n ~ ~ -

    e.g. 6(J'U'J'W, train."


    6(1 ~ ~

    n~~'U'J'W,or

    n~'U'J'W

    "procession,

    ..... 6(J'WUFl'W,tJ1n~'W--

    kh6nkhten',

    j~agcon'kh6nkhten'

    V to be poor, hard up, needy, impoverished. V writ. to get rid of, dispose of, do b6(JJJ6(J'W
    kh~mkh6n'

    khac~d'

    V to be concentrated, thick.

    away with, put an end to, eliminate.


    no1~~ com.
    6(1

    -s y n.

    't11l ;;'W tham'hajkh6n' to thicken, condense (a liquid). 'WJJ6(J'W nomkh6n' N condensed milk.
    6(J'W~

    ~ khacii' V 1. to be lovely, soft. rM 2. intensifier used with bii tJ 1 "green."

    ( 6(J'W~)

    khanbd' (khanbd')

    N 1. coils {of a

    6(1~~

    khana?/ C time, the while, moment, instant. khana?lthti::; while.


    d
    o
    Q.l

    snake). 2. the base of a snake's tail.


    6(J'W~~1 ~

    d 6(J~~'t1

    khanod'hAau' N the base of a snake's

    ~~~'Yln

    16i ~ ...

    e:J~'W'W khan~?'-thtikamlau ...

    I~

    tail. 6(J'W'U khanob' N pattern, model. Chiefly in compounds. 6(J'W 'U 6 ~ ~ :W btJ tJ :W ( eJ tJ 1 ~ , Lb 'U'U) (jaau', beb') 6(J'WJJ ( eJ tJ 1 ~ ) khanbb'thamniam'

    juunan' while (he) was (in the midst of) doing (such and such). (
    ~

    6(JblJ,~

    is a elf. with intervening


    ~

    relative clause followed by 'W'W) .


    6(Jbli~'W'W
    .....

    N custom, manners, tradition. N general term for

    khana?lnan' at that time.

    khan~m' (j~au')

    6(Jbli~tJ khana?lnfi' at this time, at present.


    6(1~~

    sweet dainties, candied foods, puddings, .pastries, etc. Chiefly in compounds.


    I I

    b:We:J khana?'m9a' while, when, at the mo-

    ment when.

    6(J'WJJ b6(J ~

    ( b6(J ~ ,

    ~)

    khan~mkh~u' (kh~u',

    khOu')

    ~1 6(JblJ,~
    6(1 ~

    chQakhana?' for a while, for a moment,

    N Chinese pastry in the shape of a basket. Often sold in pairs, hence elf.
    ~

    temporarily. khbd' V 1. to coil, roll into a coil. sV 2. curled up. C 3. coil, ring.
    6(J~6i1~ (6(1~)

    6(J'WJ.J~'W ( rr'U, ~1) khan~mciin' (c~b', hua') N


    1'hai vermicelli, .which comes in bunches.

    khbdlQad' (khbd')

    N 1. a coil of

    6(J'WJJtJ~

    ( bl~'W,

    ~'W, LJ e:J'W~..-) khan~mpau'

    N bread

    wire. 2. e 1 e ct. coil. 'W e:J'W 6(1 ~ n:):)n'khbd' to lie curled up. 6(J'W
    C9) (

    {phn' for a slice; chfn' for a piece; p:):)n' for a loaf). [pau: f. Port.] 6(J'WJJtJ ~

    b;'W, 6(J'W, eJ'W)

    kh~n'

    N 1. fur, hair (except

    D ~ (ll~'W, ~'W)
    <IJ

    khan~mpauptu'

    (phn', chfn')

    of the head)

    (s~n').

    2. feathers; {hog) bristles; ?an'). -Dis t. t:.JJJ


    <0.

    N toast, i.e. toasted bread. 6(J'WJJ bcUtJ nlJ'W ( ~'W)

    (porcupine) quills 6(J'Wbbn ~ 6(J'W1


    .....

    {kh~n',

    khan~mplagpuun'

    (chin')

    kh~nk?1

    N wool, lamb's wool.

    a stiff, dark gray pudding, cut in diamond- shaped pieces .

    nkh~nkaj'
    1
    kh~ntaa'

    N chicken feathers.

    6(J'WA 1 kh~nkh!w' N eyebrow hairs.


    6(J'W~

    N eyelashes. V to have the hair standing on

    sweetened or candied food, e.g. confections, sweetmeats.


    6(JtJ~ khanad' C 1. garden plot, orchard lot. 2. row,

    6(J'W~ n kh~n'h1g'

    end (as when frightened).


    I

    6(J'We:J e:J'W

    kh~n?:,:)n'

    N down (soft under feathers); 6(J'W 1 ~

    cluster (esp. of trees). ( 6(J'W 1 ~)


    khan~ad'

    fuzz (body hair). 6(J'W ~ tJ 6(J'W


    [g)

    (khanaad')

    N 1. size, di-

    kh~n?uj'

    N down {first soft feathering).

    mension, magnitude; extent, degree; as ... as. C 2. idem. 6(J'W 1 ~ n 6i 1 ~


    khan~ad'klaau'

    kh~n'

    V to carry {from one place to another),

    transfer. 6(J'W6i ~ ~ 1 n kh~n'loucaag::; to unload from.


    I

    (a) medium size;

    medium- sized, middle- sized. trans6(J'W 1 ~ l 't11 Fl'W khanaad'thawkhon' the size of a person.

    6(J'W6i ~

    kh~nsbu'

    to transport.

    n1 ~-(khon')

    porting, transportation. Fl'W6(J'W6(J eJ ~ ter. 6(J'W kh6n' V to be thick, concentrated (of liquid). If item is not found under 6(J- , see
    J __

    ( Fl'W)

    khonkhbnkh~Ju'

    N por-

    ~6(J'W 1 ~ b't11 ~ ( rl'U) miikhanaad'thawthaw'(ka::)


    to be of the same size as. l6i n 6(J'W 1 ~
    ~

    l~g'khanaad'

    to be as small as.

    n~ - , nS ~ - .

    48
    vH11ti<U'W 1~ l~ajkhanAad' (of) many sizes. 6(J'W 1'W
    C9)

    tl~'J lil

    khamuad' V 1. to twist and tie (sewing-thread, the hair, etc.). C 2. a twist (of hair or anything twisted in this fashion).
    '-'

    khana.an' C 1. elf. for kinds of medicine.

    2. amount.
    <U'W 1'W1 ~~

    khanaan'j~.j'

    co 11 o q. on a grand scale,

    V:W'Jl~lA':l khamuad'khfw' to knit the brow, frown.


    ti:WB ~ ( ti:WeJ ~)

    in a big way.
    V'W 1'W
    '-'

    kham3:)n'

    (kham~:)u')

    N brain.

    1.2J

    rl'W, rlCU) khana.an'(kan',ka:::)


    'l.l
    I

    V to be

    Usually the same as ~:WeJ~, which is a more modern term.

    parallel (to).
    b ~'W6(J'W 1'W ( b ~'W, F1)
    ru

    s~n'khanaan'

    N 1. a paral-

    t~~n b6(J:W'W FS. See


    <V

    lel line (s@n' for individual lines; kh0u 1 for pairs). 2. ge og. a parallel of latitude.
    6(J'W 1'W m in ti'W 1'W'W 1 ~ 6(1 :W'U ( 6(1 1 ~ )

    khamab' (khaau')

    N temple (of the

    khanaan'naam' e 1 e g. to
    t1 'J .
    '-'

    head).

    name, give a name; to call.


    t1 'W 1 CU khan~ab'.

    ar

    See

    6(1 :w n6(1 'J


    9

    JJ

    See
    '-'

    n~ ~ VI'W 1 CU .
    N
    '-'

    V:W 1 khamaa'* N e 1 eg. pardon.

    6(]'WtJ
    9

    ( ~ n, 1 'U, ~ ~) khanun' {lOug', baj', phOn')


    'U

    V~'W ( ~'J, U~ ~)

    khamtn 1 (hua', U~U')

    N turmeric

    jackfruit. 17l'W-6(JLJ
    C9)

    ( 17l'W)

    jackfruit tree.

    (the plant and its derivatives). The elf. hua' is used for the rhizome, utn' for the branches of the rhizome. plant.
    6(15JCU khamlb' V to constrict. See also V:W'Uti5J'U. q 1,9l'W-( Vl'W)

    khbb' V 1. to bite on, to crack with the teeth.


    2. to decide (an issue). 3. to solve, crack (a

    the turmeric

    riddle).
    6(JLJn ~ 1:l.J khob'kraam' to grit one's teeth (as when

    dngry).

    viJ6(J~'W khamii'khaman' v 1. to hustle, rush, hurry.


    sV 2. fast, energetically.
    t~~n6(J:W'J
    ......

    'f.J'UA~ khob'khfd' V to crack, solve (a problem).


    6(1\J ""l~ul?l n

    khob'm~jteeg'

    1. can't solve (it); can't

    khamug'khamua' V 1. to be nearly dark,

    be solved, unsolvable.
    1.J4J
    lJ

    twilight. 2. to be hazy {of weather).


    Vd-J'U6(JiJ'U khamub'khamlb' V (one's lips) to be mov9

    in

    V'U~'W khobkhan 1 V to be funny, humorous,

    comical, amusing.
    6(J'U b1 khabbd'. See n'Ul]

    ing slightly.

    o r(TU 1 nV:WLJO(J5J'U thamp~agl-khamub'khamlb' 9


    to work the mouth silently.
    6(J

    6(J'U 'd'W khabuan' C elf. for processions, lines,

    trains. -see
    d

    n ~ ~'U J 'W.
    1. to feel bitter, embittered.

    L:Wtl

    ( Fl'W)

    khamooj',"(khon') -Also
    6()

    N 1. thief. V 2. to

    1.Jd.J khOml V to be bitter (in taste). 6(Jd.J6(J'W kh6mkhY'Yn'

    steal, pilfer.

    ~ L:Wtl FS. -Dis t. 1.

    L~:3.
    o

    -Syn. 2.

    in.
    V

    2. to be bitter {in taste). 3. to be hard to bear, bitter.


    d

    ~n 6 ~n6(JLd..Jtl~eJtl lag'l~g'-khamoojlnj:)jl
    elab. colloq. to pilfer.
    (9),

    Fl 1 1 d.J- -

    bitterness.
    5(JtJ::;

    6(J'WVJ.J khY'Yn'khOml V to be bitter. 6(Jd.J khom' V 1. to press, press down.

    --~61t:JeJtJ

    khaja?l, khaja?'muunf~:>jl N waste,

    2. to op-

    garbage, refuse, trash, litter.

    press, suppress.
    6(JJJ (J rJbli k.homkhwan' V to terrorize, threaten,
    6

    5~6(Jtl~

    (L'U)

    thAukhaja?l (baj')

    N garbage pail,

    garbage can.
    Vtl~ ~

    attempt to coerce by fear.


    1

    in

    6(JtJ~bbtltl~

    khaja?lkhajteu' V to feel

    1JJ.J6l:J khomkhlil V to oppress, tyrannize.


    I

    disgust, repugnance, loathing.


    'W1~t.J~bb6(Jtl~

    .:I

    VJJ6(J'W khbmkhyyn' V 1. to rape.


    I I

    2. to coerce.

    n&a1-khaja?lkhajEU' V to be dis-

    6(J;}.J6(J khbmkhuu' V to threaten, intimidate.


    I

    gusting, repulsive, repugnant, loathsome.


    6(J tl n khajag' V 1. co 11 o q. to save (money for a
    <V

    qJ

    1J d.J'VId..J khommuu' V s 1 an g to browbeat a weaker


    'U

    or inferior person, to bully.


    I

    better use); to keep back some {for future use). C 2. interval, span (of tin1e); sitting.
    VtJ'tJ, -- "()k!bb ~ ~ khajAnl, khajAn'khankheu' V to be
    6(J- ,

    6l:Jd..J b ~~~~

    khomh~e:nl

    V to bully, browbeat, abuse,

    mistreat, persecute.
    If item is not found under

    see

    n ~- , n s ~- .

    49

    diligent, industrious, assiduous. Fl 1 1J.J-diligence, industriousness, application.


    ~~~~~~
    <V

    co 11 o q. to feel very much like saying something; to have an itch to say something.
    V~'U ~

    FS. See

    ~~~~~~~~,Fl~~~Fl~B8.

    khajub'khajtlb-' sV with a throbbing move-

    tltl'U khajAb-' V to move slightly, shift, adjust,

    ment or sensation.
    tl ~ :W

    change position .
    ....,

    kharOm-', khrOm' V 1. to be loud, noisy, boisterous. sV 2. loudly, noisily.

    6()~'\J b6(,1~ 8~ khajab-'khaj9an-' V to shift slightly,


    budge, move.
    tltl1 ~ khajaad-' V to be afraid of, in fear of (esp.
    6(J ~
    dl

    :W

    khrym-' V to be solemn, grave.

    because of previous experience).


    tl~

    b Fl

    ~ ~ tJ ~ :W

    khr@{)khrym' V to be serious, solemn.

    1 tJ

    khaj~aj'

    V 1. to expand, enlarge, magnify,

    tJ ~ tJ q
    .......

    ~~

    khru?khra?l V to be bumpy, rough, uneven


    cV

    dilate. 2. to disclose, reveal, divulge.

    (of a surface, e.g. a street).


    6(J

    n~ ~ ~ nll(HJ 1 ~
    <V

    eJ~) kracbg-'khaj~aj-' (?an-') N 1.

    6i n .
    <V

    See

    6(1 ~

    nv ~ n

    <9) ,

    l!J

    magnifying glass. 2. magnifying mirror.


    !S(J~

    tJ ~

    khlau-' V to have supernatural powers, to be miraculous, magical.


    0

    1 tl A1 1:W6i'U khajaaj'khwaamlab' to reveal a

    secret.
    tJ tJ 1 tl &11 khajAaj 'tua-' to expand, become expanded

    6(J

    ~'U khlab-' rM intensifier used with ~ 1 "black"


    and ~'W
    <9.>

    "oily," adding or emphasizing the

    (e.g. because of heat).


    I

    meaning of "glossy."
    tJ 6i 1 ~
    ~

    6(J

    tl1 tl Gi 1 ~ khajAaj-' suanl to enlarge proportion-

    khlaad-' V to be cowardly, timid. khtikhlaad-' V co 11 o q. to be given to

    ately (e.g. in drawing a map).


    tltJ 1tl b ~~ ~
    d b Fl ~

    tJ6(J6i 1 ~

    khajAaj-'sia{)-' to amplify (sound).


    ( 5~) wtn'khajAaj-' (?an')

    being cowardly, timid, timorous.

    8 ~-- amplifier.
    N magni-

    tJ~n ( eJ~rl'U) 9 cu
    tl61 ntJin
    9

    khlug'(juuka:::) V to be very occupied

    bb 'J~!S(JtJ 1 tl

    (with), absorbed (in), tied up (with).


    <9.>

    fying lens, reading glass.


    6(Jtlo1 khajclm-' V to squeeze with the hand, crumple
    ....,

    khlug'khUtg' V to meet with difficulty,

    have a hard time (doing something).

    up in the hand, knead or mix with the hands.

    6(1~ ntJin 9

    l!J

    khlugkhlag-' V 1. to rattle. sV 2. with

    6(Jtt1 khaj.m' V to pounce, pounce and seize; to

    a rattling or clattering sound.

    seize ravenously (as a dog a bone).


    6(]

    tJ ~ n~J ~ tl

    khlugkhluj' V 1. to be occupied {with), in

    ~ n . See

    6(1

    tJ n6(J ~ n . g

    companionship (with). sV 2. colloq. com-

    6'JU'U khajlb' V to wink. See also

    tltl'Utl~'U. 9
    V 61 :W
    9

    fortably, easily, cosily. in

    t~fi'U~ 1, tJU'U'VI-khajlb'taa', khaj lb-'huu-'-kha::: '\.1


    jlb'taa' V e 1 a b. co 11 o q. to wink, signal by a wink.

    ~ tJ 6i :W tii'khlum' co 11 o q. to take advantage 9

    of the situation or of appearances (e.g. let it be believed that one is the owner of what is actually borrowed jewelry).
    V 61 tl
    q

    tl~ khajti' V 1. to rub hard with the hands, to


    ....,

    ....

    scrub. 2. to squeeze, crush (by rubbing).

    ( a~)

    khluj' (?an/)
    9

    N flute.

    ttl~~ 1 khajti'taa' to rub one's eyes.


    till n6(1 q

    bclJ~D bclJ tltl ~ tJ

    penpli'penkhluj-' harmoniously,

    un

    khajug'khaj lg-' v 1. to squirm, wriggle,


    V1~

    in united fashion. ( 1'U ) khuad' (baj -') N 1. bottle, flask (generally made of glass). C 2. elf. for things in bottles .
    ....,
    0

    fidget. 2. {handwriting) to be unsteady, squiggly, scribbled.


    li(JlJ'U,-t~~'U khajub-', khajub-'khajlb' V 1. to squirm, q

    'Wo1'VI'J1'WGieJ~tl'J~ namwa.an's5~ukhuad' two bot-

    wriggle, fidget, make a slight movement. 2. to flick {the eyelids when dust gets into the eyes). 3. to get a prickly sensation (of the skin). o tJ 1 nA~ tJ ~ 'U 6(J 6'U paag'khan-'- khajub-'khaj l b'
    <tJ

    tles of pop.

    ~ 1 ~tTn~ eJ n1; (1'U) khliad'p~gd~~gmctaj'


    N flower vase. 1 ~ 1'V!Gi ( 1'U) khuadloo 1 (baj-')

    {baj ')

    N widemouthed

    jar with glass stopper.

    50
    ~'d'W~'d

    1tJ khw~nkhwAaj', khuankhwAaj' V to be ac-

    to be startled, frightened; to be scared out of one's wits.


    Q.l

    tive, energetic in finding something to do (esp. in order to better one's status or position). Also
    I

    ~'dqj'Vl1tJ
    ~

    khwAnhAaj' V to be startled, frightened.


    khwAn?~:>n'

    ~ 'd 1 tJ ~ 'd 'W.

    'd bl! eJ eJ'W

    V 1. to be timorous, easily
    Fl'W--)

    'd 'W khuan' V to scratch, scratch on (with claws,

    frightened. N 2. (usually

    an easily

    nails, thorns, etc.). -Syn.

    frightened person, used esp. of children, women.

    ~ ~~ 'd'W khlid'khuan' V to scratch, mark with a


    sharp object.
    ~

    ~ eJ ~ ~ 1bl!

    eJ~ 1 ~, ~'W, eJ'W)

    kh~:>ukhwAn'

    (jaau',

    chfnl, ?an')

    N gift, present (given on the oc-

    'd 'U khuab' C years of age (for children up to 12

    casion of a birthday, anniversary, etc.).

    dr 13 years of age; after that


    "-'

    V is used).

    ~~ 1bl! khuu'khwAn' V to terrorize, threaten,


    'U

    o eJ 1 ~'Vl1 ~ 'd 'U ?aajrt?'ha.akhuab' (he) is five years old.


    ~

    intimidate, attempt to coerce by fear.

    'Yf1~1bl! thamkhwAn' V 1. to perform a ceremony


    in order to encourage and strengthen. 2. to make compensation for injury done (to another). o Fl1 'Y(1~ 1bl! kha.a'thamkhwAn' N compensation, indemnity (for personal injury or damage).

    'd tJ khuaj' V to feel bashful, shy, embarrassed. Fl 'd 1:W-- bashfulness, shyness, embarrassment.
    "-'

    un~'dtJ k~ekhuaj'

    to cover one's embar1;assment.

    ~ 'd tJ l ~'W khuajkh~an' V to feel bashful, shy,

    embarrassed, self-conscious (often esp. of women). Fl 'd 1 :W-self-consciousness.


    ~ 'd tJL ~ khuajc~.j' V to feel shame; to feel em-

    i''U~rJbl! rcibkhwAn' V colloq. to caress, kiss.


    l ~ tJ n ~ blJ

    feeling of embarrassment,
    ~

    rtagkhwAn' V to call (back) the pro~

    tecting spirit.
    6(J 6(J

    'd 'W .

    See

    Fl 'd 'W .

    barrassed, mortified, shamed. barrassment, shame.

    Fl'd 1:W--

    em-

    1'U khwab' sV abruptly, suddenly.

    ~'W ~ 1'U hAnkhw~b' to turn suddenly.


    6(J

    ~1n 1~~ khwagkhw~j'

    V 1. to move or act pell-mell,

    'd 1 khwAa' sV right, to the

    r~ght

    (opp. of left).

    helter- skelter. s V 2. pell-mell, helter- skelter, to and fro, hither and thither, at random.

    -op p.
    vn~'d 1

    eU1 tJ

    ch6gkhwAa' boxing to deliver a blow

    ~ 1qj ( ~ 1qJ) khwAn' (khwAn') N 1. the whorl of


    hair on top of the head. 2. (one's) guardian spirit, psyche. 3. spirits, morale.
    n ~ 1 'd ~ 1qJ ( ~~)

    with the right.

    bltJ~~'d 1 thanad'khwAa' V to be right-handed.


    'Yl1 ~ ~ 'd 1 ~ eJ thaaukhwAa'myy' to the right, on the

    klaawkhwan'(thY1J::;) to speak

    right?
    ~eJ~'d1 myykhw&a' N 1. the right hand. 2.

    (of), talk (about), mention.

    ~:W~ 1qj

    khbmkhwAn' V to terrorize, threaten,

    idiom. (one's) right-hand man. 3. something one is good at, something that is second nature to one.
    l ~ tJ 'd ~ 'd 1 lfawkhwAa' to turn right.
    6(J
    ~

    attempt to coerce by fear.

    ~1qj~ khwAndii' V to be in good spirits; to have


    good morale.

    ~ 1W.t;J1 khwAntaa' N 1. a pleasure or treat to


    the eye. 2. sweetheart, darling (used of a woman or child. P 3. you (expressing endearment when speaking to a woman or child).

    'd 1 n

    ( eJ'W) khwaag' (?an')

    N spikes, barbs (me-

    tal or wood), esp. for use in making snares.


    6(J

    'd 1 ~ khwAau' V to lie across, bar (the way),

    obstruct, thwart.
    n 'd 1 ~ ~ 'd 1 ~ kwa.aukhw&au' V 1. to be roomy,

    ~ 1bl!cU'W khwAnbin' V idiom. to be startled,


    terrified, frightened, scared.

    -s y n. t;J n1 ~ .

    spacious, vast, extensive. 2. to be well-known, popular {of persons).


    eJtJ 1 ~--

    ~1qJl~tJ, l~tJ~1qJ khwansia', siakhwan' V 1. to


    lose one's fighting spirit. 2. to get scared.
    ~ 1qJ'Vlt! khwAnnri' V to be startled, frightened.
    ~ 'dqj'Vl'W~ ~ eJ khwAnnri'diif~:>'
    cv

    extensively.
    .

    n~6(J d 1 ~

    klidkhwaau'

    to be in the way of, to l Fl ~ eJ ~-- barrier,


    d

    bar (the way), obstruct. obstacle.

    <::1 <::1

    V e 1 a b. co 11 o q.

    51
    6(J 1 1 ~ 't11
    ~ khw~authaau'

    V to block the way, bar

    me! Beg pardon! -Syn. 6(J8L.Ja::::'t11'WL't1~ eleg. def., 't11'WL't1~ colloq. o F116(J 81 't1~ ( ;8) kham'kh3::>th6od' apology, excuse.
    6(J 81 'YI~tl 81 'Wll

    the way.
    6(J d 1 ~

    t li1 n

    khw~aul6og'

    to do things in oppo-

    (kh~::>')

    sition to what other people usually do. Cf. Eng. "crosswise with the world."
    6(J 1 1 ~ 'Vl
    cu
    khw~auhuu'

    kh3::>th6od'kh3::>phooj' V e 1 a b.

    V to offend the ears, be

    co 11 o q. to apologize.
    6(J 8LJ a:::: 't11'W kh3::>prathaan' V de f., s p. to sup.

    offensive to listen to.

    6(](?16() 11 ~ khadkhw~au' V to interfere, get in the


    way, hinder, obstruct, block, restrain.
    l911 J-J6(J 1 1 ~ taamkhwaau' across, crosswise,

    to beg, request.

    -s y n.

    See tl 8 com.

    o tl 8LJ a:::: 'Yl1 'W L 'YI~ kh3::>prathaanth6od' e 1 e g. de f.


    Kindly pardon me! Kindly excuse me! -Syn. See 6(J8L'YI~ com. o
    6(J8L.Ja~'YI1'Wl~'W8 kh3::>prathaan'san~a'

    transverse.
    6(J 1 1 ~
    khw~au'

    V to throw, hurl, cast, fling.

    eleg.

    6(J 1 1 ~ LJ 1 khw~au'paa' V to throw, hurl (at).

    de f. I respectfully submit (this matter for your consideration). Used esp. in official correspondence.
    6()

    ~ ~ 6(J 1 1 ~ thfu'khw~au' V to throw aside, discard,

    ""

    neglect (things); to forsake, desert, abandon (a person).


    6(J 1 1'W ( l ~J-J)
    khw~an'

    8'W ~ ~ ~ 1 V'YI1 'W kh3::>phrctra.adchathaan' V roy.

    (l@m')

    N axe, hatchet.

    to beg, request. -Syn. See ttleJ

    com.

    6(J 1 1ll 6(J 1 'W . See 6(J 1 'W 6(J 1 1 lJ . 6(J ll?l khwld' V to gore, attack with the horns.

    o 6(J 8'W a~~ 1 V't11'W8Jlll 1 11~ kh3::>phrctr~adch;thaan'


    ?aphajjath6od' 1. roy. to ask for amnesty (for prisoners). 2. May your highness excuse me!
    N hook. N 6(J 8 ~ 8 ~

    ~1'Vln n'W6(J ll?l huahog'k6nkhwld' sV co 11 o q.


    gallivanting about, on the go.
    6(J eJ
    C9) (

    i 1 , eJ'W)

    kh3::>' (tua', ?an')

    kh3::>r:5::>tJ' V to request, implore, entreat,


    ( ~cU'U, ttl 8, 8 lJ 1 ~ )

    6(J eJ ll6(J 1 'W l

    i8

    ( eJ'W) kh3::>khwens9a' (?an')

    beseech.

    coat hook.
    l9l:::: 6(J eJ, l9116(J 8 ( l?11 , eJ'W) takh3::>', taakh3::>' (tua',

    o F116(J 8 ~ 8 ~

    kham'kh3::>r:5::>tJ 1

    N 1. (written) petition (chabAb'). 2. request

    ?an')

    N 1. hook (as of a hook-and-eye). 2.

    (for help) (kh~::>', jaau').


    6(J8;'U kh3::>rab' Pt eleg.def. m. sp. 1. particle

    a long- handle.d hook.

    1~6() eJ
    6(J eJ l.1

    ( eJ'W) majkh3::>' (?an')

    N hook with a

    used as the final element of statements and questions. 2. Yes (in answer to a question). 3. particle placed after name or kin term to address or call the attention of someone. 4. Yes? (as a reply when called or spoken to). For examples, see F1 ;'U. -Syn. fl S'U de f.

    wooden handle.
    kh~::>',

    kh3::>:= V 1. com. to ask for, beg, -Syn.


    6(J81J~::::'t11'W

    request.
    't11'W roy.
    '-" I

    def.,

    6(J8'W~::::~1V

    2. may I have (such and such).

    AA 3. let me, may I.

    o 6(JeJ'Wo1'Vl'WeJlJ kh~::>naam'n~j~ May I have some


    water? Give me some water. o 6(JeJl?l'Vl'WeJlJ kh:,::>duu'n~j~
    "" 'tl

    m. sp.
    IV

    t~

    8 ~ 'U 8libll1l91

    kh3::>rabl?~nuja.ad',

    kh3::>'- rctbl?~nu:=

    Let me look at it.

    ja.ad' to apply for permission.


    6(J 8 U a ~

    6(J eJ n kh3::>k1lu'
    cu

    e 1 e g. to borrow (at interest).

    kh3::>rU' to ask (someone) to lend a hand,

    6(J eJ i1 kh~::>tua 1 V to excuse oneself (with respect

    ask for assistance (in doing work).


    6() 8~JJ

    to an invitation, performing a service, etc.), to beg off.


    6(J eJ'Yl1'W kh3::>thaan' V 1. to beg, ask for alms. N 2. short for Fl'W--

    1 , - ~ J-J 1 kh3::>samaa' V to ask forgiveness,

    apologize.
    6(J 8 l ~ lJ ~ kh3::>'sfathii' ~ Please don't, just this

    beggar.
    6(J 8 l ~ lJ TI . 2. Excuse

    once! (requesting that something be stopped).


    6(J 8 u ~ l?l ~ A1 1 :w B 'W ~;1 tJ kh3::>sadeeukhwaamj indii 1 dt1a j ~

    6(J eJ ~ kh~::>'thii', kh~::>thii 1 See

    6(J eJ L 'Yl~ kh3::>th~od' V 1. to apologize.

    Congratulations! Accept my congratulations!

    52
    tJ eJ

    1; kh3~h~j~.
    "'cv
    1

    See examples below.


    cv~

    o tl eJ 1~~ ~ 'J eJ ~ 1 ~ eJ'W'W'W kh3~h~jduu'-tuajaau'?an~ cu


    nctn'l Let's look at that example.

    speech, letter), statement, account. .... tJ eJ A~ ( tJ eJ) kh~~kh!d' (kh~~') N idea, point
    ....

    worth considering, something to think about. Will


    ;e:Jifn b11JJ
    .... tl eJ ~ n ~ ~
    ._, I

    o tJ ell ;'Yl ~ TU 1
    "'

    ;;'J ~
    5

    kh3~h~js~ab'wajdtlaj'l
    d
    cv

    ( ;eJ)

    kh~~~s~gthaam' (kh~~')

    N ques-

    you please bear that in mind!


    o tle:Jl ~ b ~ 1 ~ ~ n b1J'W b'We:J'Wn'W~n 'J 1 kh5~h~jraw'cu
    "'cv

    tion (esp. in an official interrogation).


    .... ( ~ eJ) kh~~'tbglou' (kh~~~)

    N agreement,

    rt1ucag'penph9an'- kandiikwaa'l Let us rather know each other as friends.


    tJ eJ eJ'Wbl! 1 ~
    'l

    settlement; points of agreement .

    kh3~?anuj~ad'

    to ask permission,

    .seek permission (to).

    .... tJ eJ ~'W

    connection. .... ....

    ( tJ eJ, tJ 1 ~ )

    kh~~tiin 1 (lch~~', kh~au') N


    tleJ b'Yll

    ~ eJ eJ'Wtl! 1 ~ 1tJ;1 ~ Fl'W kh3~?anuj~ad'pajdtlajkhon'l


    'l

    com. ankle. -syn.


    ; eJ

    eleg.
    N point

    Permit me to go along.

    1;u;~

    (; eJ )
    ( tJ eJ)
    ....

    kh~~'t6oj ten' (kh~~')


    kh~~'thedciu' {kh~~')

    ~ eJ eJ'W~~ kh3~?anumad' e 1 e g. to seek approval, 'l


    permission, approbation. Used chiefly in official correspondence.
    tl eJ eJJl~ kh3~?aphaj' to apologize.
    ~tl

    of dispute, argument.
    .... ~ ~ tJ eJ b 'Yl ~ ~ ~ ~

    N facts,

    evidence, the facts of the matter.


    tJ eJ b 111 ( tJ eJ , tl1 ~ ) kh~~thaaw' (kh~~', kh~au')

    Ji

    eJ

    khtikh3~'

    V co 11 o q. to have a habit of

    asking for things. ....


    Flo1~ eJ
    ~

    N e 1 eg. ankle. -Syn. ttJ e:J~'W com. .... .... .... tJ e:J'il 1 ( ttJ e:J) kh~~n!w' (kh~~') N knuckle.
    ._, I ._,

    ( tl 8) khamkh3~' (kh~~')

    N request.

    ttJ e:J'U new a e:J ~

    ( ttJ e:J, tJ a~ n 1 a) kh5~'bbgphr~n' (kh~~',


    N weakness, fault, defect, flaw.

    eJ ~ tl eJ r;5~u'kh3~ 1 V 1. to cry for (e.g. help).

    prakaan')
    ttJ

    2. to beg for, request.


    1 eJ'W ~ eJ w~~n'kh3~' V to plead, beg (for).
    I

    e:J~~ A'll

    ( tJ e:J)

    kh~~'bankhab' {kh~~') N rule,

    ~ ~ eJ suu'kh3~'
    cu

    to ask for a girl's hand in

    .... tl e:JtJ~~~

    regulation.

    .... ( tl eJ) kh~~'patibAd' {kh~~')

    N 1. proce-

    tl eJ

    .... ( tl eJ) kh~~' (kh~~')

    marriage (usually through an intermediary) .


    N 1. joint, node. C 2.

    dure, practice. 2. obligation (e.g. toward a friend).


    tJ eJ~ ncW'W
    cu

    elf. for joints. 3. elf. for points (in a discussion, argument), items. -s yn. 3. tJ ~ ~ n1 ~ eleg.
    ....

    ( tJ e:J) kh~~'phuugphan' (kh~~')

    N obli-

    gation, binding condition; restriction, strings (attached to a deal).

    tJ eJ n ~ 1 1 ~ 1 ( tJ eJ , n !l ~ 'Yl ~ ) kh~~'klaawhaa' (kh5~',

    6(Je:Je-Jn~~ ( 6(Je:J) kh~~'phuugmad' (kh~~') idem.


    .... cu
    cr' ....

    krathou')

    N accusation, charge.
    sV (with) elbows out (as
    b ~'W.

    tJ e:JcW~ ~'W
    .... cu

    tle:Jn1~ kh~~'kaau'

    tJ eJ !J e:J

    ( 6(J e:J , 6(J eJ !J eJ , 6(J 1 ~ ) kh~~myy' (kh~~', kh~~~

    ....

    ( tJ e:J) kh~~'ph!suud' {kh~~')


    .... ....

    N proof.

    when walking with an air of determination). Chiefly used with


    ._, I

    myy',
    6(J eJ bbJJ

    kh~au')

    N wrist.

    -ct. ; eJ l;;e:JlJ eJ
    N stipulation,

    tJ eJ 1 n ~ b n ~ ~

    ( tJ eJ) kh~~'klajklla' (kh5~')

    ._,

    ( 6(J eJ )

    kh~~mte' (kh~~')

    condition.
    ; eJ 1~; e:J!Je:J ( 6(J eJ, tl1

    point of mediation, point of arbitration.


    tJ e:J~~tJ eJ ~
    ._,

    ~) kh~~maaj'kh~~myy' (kh5~',
    'Lt

    ( tJ eJ) kh~~'khadkh~u' (kh~~'>


    I

    kh~au')

    N elab. colloq. wrist.

    -ct.

    Cj

    6(JeJJJeJ.
    N

    objection .
    tJ eJ b~ ~'W ( eJ ~ 1 ~ , ; eJ 1~

    6(J eJ

    b~~

    n a eJ ~

    ( 6(J eJ) kh~~'rtagrj~u' (kh~~')

    16(] 1)

    kh~~khlan' (jaau', w!chaa')

    demand, request .
    ....

    N written examination (as opposed to oral).

    6(J eJ Fl eJ n

    ( 6(J eJ Fl eJ n, 6(J 1 ~) kh~~s~~g' (kh~~s~~g':

    (;eJ) kh~~khaj' (kh5~')


    ~

    N solution (to a

    riddle, a math. problem).


    tl eJ Fl 1 1 :W ( tl eJ, eJ'W)
    kh~~khwaam' (lch~~', t~~n')

    6(Je:J~~~~ (tle:J) kh~~'sonsaj' (kh~~') N point of


    doubt, doubtful point . ....
    6(J eJ ~ eJ'U ( tJ eJ)
    kh~~s~~b' (kh~~')

    ....

    k:haau')

    N elbow. ....

    N 1. item, point (of discourse, inquiry). 2. passage (from an article, etc.). 3. text (as of

    N examination

    questions.

    53
    --------~----------------------------------------

    tible of storage (as dried, pickled, bottled, and


    'V

    vation" item or comment based on observation.


    '-'

    canned foods). -Also ~Hl~Lb'V!~.

    -Opp.tleJ~aVI.

    6(1

    eJ b~'W eJ ( tJ eJ)
    '-'

    kh5Jsan~~~ (kh~J')

    N proposal,

    v eJ ~ 1 J

    kh5JucMj' N useful articles, things to -com p.


    'l

    offer, proposition.
    '-'

    use, utensils.
    kh~Jh~a' (kh~J',

    t1 eJ ~ n'W

    fl

    things to

    6(1

    eJ'V! 1 ( v eJ , n ~ ~ r1 ~ )

    krathou')

    eat." -Syn.
    d
    I

    bFl~eJ~eJtJLJlFl
    kh~Juthyan'

    eleg.

    N accusation, charge. 6(J eJ eJ 1 ~ ( 6(1 eJ)


    kh~J?~au' (kh~J')

    tJ eJ ~ ~ 'W kh~Juton' one's own.

    N 1. justifica-

    6(J eJ ~ b bleJ'W ( eJ lJ 1 ~ )

    (jAa:g') N smug-

    tion. 2. supporting statement, citation, reference (to an authority). l'UtJ6(JeJ1'VlblJ penkh~J'jAj' mainly, chiefly.
    '-' IV

    gled goods, contraband, bootleg goods. 6(J eJ ~ fi


    ~

    s :w~ 1

    kh3Ju'thammadaa' N the usual,

    ct;

    'l/

    ordinary, natural thing. vel ~ ~ 1 n


    kh~J:gfaag'

    'W 1 ~6(1 eJ
    I '-'

    ( n'U) faadkh~J'(ka:::) V s 1 a ng to argue,


    d
    I

    N 1. something entrusted to

    fight (with).
    ~ J 'W 6(J

    one person to be delivered to another person. as to the point 2. something brought as a gift for one's hostess or her family. N 1. topic,
    t1 eJ ~ :W'W kh3J:gman' its, of it .
    IV

    eJ r1 J 1-

    suankh~J/thtiwfta/

    that, as for the case in which.

    ~'J 6(J eJ (
    I

    vr1

    6(1

    eJ) huakh~J' (huakh~J')

    subject (as of debate). 2. heading, outline.


    6(J

    6(J el ~ :W'W

    .....

    ~ kh~J:g'manman'

    N fatty, oily substance

    eJ ~

    ( eJ tJ 1 ~) (1) kh5Ju' (jaau'); (2,3) kh5Ju:::

    or thing.

    1. thing, something, article, goods, stuff, ma-

    vel~ i'U ( eJ'W) kh!>J:glc!b' (?an') N genitalia, private parts.


    I

    terial, substance, possession. 2. initial element in certain noun derivatives. Pp 3. of, owned by, belonging to. In meaning 3,
    6(1

    V eJ ~ b ~'W kh3J:gl@nl N toy, plaything.


    I

    eJ ~

    is

    v el ~ 'J 1 ~

    kh3Juw~au'

    N snack.

    often best rendered, together with the noun or pronoun following it, by an English adjective or possessive, as in n 1 ~ ui ~~~ n ~ 6(1 eJ ~ V1 m
    kaanseed 1 thakld'kh5Juch~ad'

    6(Jel~~~'J'W

    kh3Jusa:guan' N euphem. bust, breasts.

    -Syn. 'W:W com.


    vel~~~

    kh3Jusod' N fresh, raw foods (of any kind). 6(J a ~ 6({' 1 , 6(J a ~ Lb 'V! ~
    kh~Jusod'kh5J:gkhaaw'
    '-'

    the national

    -o p p.
    vel~~~ 6(J

    economy, and tJ ~

    6rlA 6(J eJ ~ b ~ 1 prath@ed':::

    eJ ~ Fl1 'J

    N fresh,

    kh5Juraw' our country. NOTE. Many of the following derivatives take the clfs. "kind, sort," eJlJ 1 ~

    raw foods (often esp. raw meats).

    Vel~ b~lJ,6(Jel~ b~lJ ~ kh5J:gsia', kh3J:g'siasia'


    N waste matter, things that are bad, not usable, deteriorated, worn out, damaged. 6(J eJ ~ b ~lJ'V!1lJ kh~Ju'siahAaj' N 1. damaged things. 2. things that are bad or objectionable to do. 6(J eJ ~ 'V!'J 1'W
    kh~J:gwAan'

    ~'W

    "piece," or eJ'W, a general

    elf.; these clfs. are omitted below.


    6(1

    eJ ~ n&l1

    kh5Juklaau' N 1. a material object

    whose ownership is disputed before the authorities or in court. 2. the physical evidence (as stolen goods).
    6(J eJ

    N dessert, sweetstuff.

    6(J el ~ b'V!Gi 'J kh3Jul~ew' N liquid. -Dis t. t1 a~ 1'V!a. 6(J el ~ b'V!Gi 'J 1 'V!~ kh~J:gleewlaj' N nonsense.
    vel~

    ~ n'W kh3Jukin 1 N foodstuff, edibles, things

    to eat.
    6(J

    -comp.

    6(JeJ~1;.
    N antique.

    bb 'V! ~

    kh3Juh~eu'

    N dry foodstuff, food suscep'Vel ~6(/'1. -Opp. 'Vel~~~.

    eJ ~ bn1 kh3Jukaw'

    tible of storage. -Also 6(J el ~ 1;

    6(1

    eJ ~ 6(J 1 bU kh5Jukhwi1n' N gift, present (given on the occasion of a birthday, anniversary, etc.).
    c:

    kh!>Juh~j'

    N gift, present.

    6(J el ~ 1'V!Gi kh3Ju1Aj' N fluid. -Dis t. 6(J el ~ L'V!a 'J. 6(J 1 eJ vel~ ; 1 'J 6(J a~
    j~au', kh~ajkh3Ju'

    6(J eJ ~ 6(J

    l6 6(J

    ~ kh3Jukheu 1

    N solid.

    V to sell, sell things.

    eJ ~A 1 'J kh3Jukhaaw' N dish of the main course

    ( ~ ~ , el ~ 1 ~ , ~'W, el'W) khaawkh~Ju' (sl:g',


    chfn', ?an') N belongings, things, pos-

    prepared of meat or fish. Contrast 6(J eJ ~ 'V! 'J 1 'W


    V eJ ~ ~ 1 L~'W
    6(1
    0

    kh5J:gcampen 1

    N necessities.

    sessions; equipment, gear. b ~ 16(1 el ~ ( Fl'W) cawkh3Ju' (khon') N owner,

    eJ ~ 6([1 kh3J:gcham' N dry foodstuff, food suscep-

    54
    ~

    proprietor.

    6(1

    eJ'U'V'l1 khbJbfaa' N com. horizon. 6(JeJ'Usrna'J1'W eleg.

    -s y n.

    ~eJ6(J eJ ~ ~ ~ 6(1 eJ ~
    j~a:gl,
    I

    s)1ykh3J:o' V to shop, buy things.


    (

    ~ ~ , eJ ~ 1 ~ , ~'W, eJ'W)
    I

    sl:gkh3J:o' (sl:g 1 ,

    6(1

    eJ'U

    ~.

    See entries below.


    kh~Jbkhun'

    chfn', ?an')
    ( vreJ)

    N things.

    6(1 eJ'U~~

    e 1 eg. 1. Thank you! V 2.

    vsreJ6(J eJ ~

    (1) h~Jkh3Ju' (h~J'); (2) h~J'kh3Ju'


    6(1

    to thank.

    Fl 'J 1:W-- thanks, gratitude.


    1. Thank you!

    N 1. package. V 2. to wrap, wrap things.


    6(1

    eJ'U1 ~ kh~Jbcaj' com., co 11 o q.

    eJ ~

    <9)

    1'U, ~ n) cu

    kh~u'*(baj', lOug')

    N creel, fish
    6(1

    Thanks! V 2. to thank.
    eJ 'U'W a~ ~~ kh~Jbphrakhun' e 1 e g. de f.

    basket made of rattan or bamboo.


    6(1

    1. Thank

    eJ ~
    d

    See entries below.


    .....,
    6(1

    you! V 2. to thank.

    b nt.J J

    eJ ~

    ( n'U)

    klawkh~:o'(ka:::)

    to be related

    6(1

    eJ:W kh3Jm' N 1 it. Cambodia; Cambodian. This

    (to); to have dealings (with), have to do (with).


    ; eJ ~ 1~

    term is used in historical chronicles. See the modern term


    6(1

    kh~:gcaj'

    V to be in doubt (about), dubious

    6(1 :W

    a.

    (about), unclear in one's mind (about). Fl 'J 1 JJ-dubiousness.

    ~ JJn

    b 6(1 :W'W

    kham~g'kham~n', khamag'kham~n'

    to be serious, determined, earnest, energetic.


    Q...l

    ~~6(1 eJ ~ kh~dkh~:o' V to object, have objections;


    to dissent.
    6(1

    6(JJ-Jnl6(J:W'W FS.

    ~ 1:W tJ FS. See


    ~

    6(1

    1:W tJ .
    FS. Also written Fl ~ t.J'W Fl ~ tJ eJ .
    ~

    ~'W;eJ ~ 1 ~ khunkh~:gcaj'
    q

    V to be moody, in a bad

    6(1 ~

    t.J'W 6(1 ~ tJ eJ khajan'khajJJ' V to urge, press, pres-

    mood.
    Q...l

    sure. V to scrape off, remove; to scrape


    6(1 ~

    6(1

    tJ 'W 6(1 tJ eJ

    6(1

    eJ ~

    kh~Jd'

    kh~:o'

    V 1. to shut up, pen up, confine, detain,

    the bottom (of a container).


    6(1 6(1

    cage, jail. 2. to be confined, to be caught (as water in a hole). V

    eJ ~ l n~ ~ kh~Jd'kled' to scale (a fish). eJ ~ Fl eJ'W , Fl eJ'W 6(1 eJ ~


    kh~Jdkh~Jn', kh~Jnkh~Jd'

    Fl:W~~ khumkh~:o' V to jail, imprison, detain in q


    custody.
    Q...l

    to criticize, make slurring remarks, ridicule, revile. n 1 a-6(1

    ridiculing, criticizing.

    ~ eJ ~ 6(1 ~
    Q...l

    t~:gkh~:o'
    (

    V to be imprisoned. N cell, detention

    eJ ~'Vr:l-J eJ kh~Jd'm~J' to scrape the bottom of the

    'VreJ ~ 6(1 ~

    'VreJ ~) h~:gkh~:o' (h5u')

    pot. o
    6(1

    cell.

    1 'J 6(1 eJ ~vr:w eJ kh~aw'kh~Jdm~J' the rice in the


    6(1 ~

    pot is running low.


    t1 eJ ~ ~ kh~Jd' V to knot.
    (ri eJ'W, -

    kh~d'

    V 1. to obstruct, hinder, interrupt,

    interfere (with). 2. to oppose, resist, object,

    -1~ ( ~ eJ'W)
    <9)

    kh3Jn', kh3Jnmaaj'

    (th~Jn')

    refuse, disagree (with), conflict (with). 3. to fasten, latch. 4. to cross, extend across and over, be woven, interlaced. 5. (an animal) to
    be injured, crippled. 6. (one's bones) to feel

    log, section of unhewn timber.


    6(1 6(1

    eJ 'W See Fl eJ 'W

    eJ'Wlln'W kh~Jnken'* pN Khqnka2n, a township in

    NE Thailand.
    6(1

    sore, broken.
    ~.....,

    eJ'U

    <9)

    6(1

    eJ'U) kh~Jb' (kh~Jb')

    N edge, rim,

    Ll n6(1 ~

    k~ekhad'

    V 1. to serve the purpose tern-

    margin.
    6(1

    porarily (as a means of relief), to tide one over.


    eJ'W) kh~Jbkheed' (?an')

    eJ'U l 6(1 ~

    N limit,

    2. to relieve one's soreness (as by massage).

    boundary, confines.
    6(1

    ~~ rl'U khad'ka::: to conflict with, be contradictory


    to, disagree with.
    ~

    eJ'U~n a 'J 1'W kh~Jb'c~gkrawaan' N e 1 eg.


    horizon. -Syn. 6(JeJ'U'V'l1 com. N curb

    ~~6(1 'J 1 ~ khadkhw~au' V to interfere, get in the


    way, hinder, obstruct, block, restrain.

    6(1

    eJ'U rl'W'W

    ( 6(1 eJ'U) kh~Jb'than~n' (kh~Jb')


    ~

    (along the edge of a street).


    I

    ~~6(1 e1 ~ khadkh~u' V to object, have objections;


    to dissent. o 6(JeJ~~6(JeJ ~ Fl 'J 1 :W- objection, dissension. N
    ( 6(JeJ) kh~J'kh~dkh~u' (kh~J')

    6(1 eJ'U'Yl~

    l~

    ( ~ 1'W, ll'Vr~) kh~Jb 1 thalee' (d~an', hen')

    N the edge of the sea; the horizon of the sea.

    55 objection. wholeheartedly.
    ...... ...... t;

    o b~~6(J~6(J eJ
    ...... &'

    ......

    ( b~~) h~ed'kh~dkh~u' (h~ed 1 )

    o 6(JtJ'W6(J'WLb6(J ~
    bb ~

    khajan'khankhtu' V to be diligent,

    obstacle, hindrance, interference, handicap.


    6(J l7l6(J'W
    ...... a:l

    industrious, assiduous.

    kh~d'kh~'

    V to interrupt, break in, butt in.

    ~ ~'W

    kheukhan' V to compete.

    6(J~6(J'W kh~dkhyYil'
    ......

    V to disobey, to violate (a law) .

    A'U ~'W khabkhan' V 1. to be in a tight spot, in a

    6(J ~ fl el khAdkhJJ' V 1. to interrupt, break in

    critical situation. 2. to be of a critical, emergency nature.

    repeatedly (as while someone is speaking).


    2. to gainsay, disagree.

    ~'W
    ......

    t&J

    1'U, ~ n) cu

    khan' (baj', lQug') N bowl, basin.


    2. to coo.

    ~~ bAeJ ~ kh~dkhyau' V to feel angry, be angered,


    provoked.

    6(J'W m khan' V 1. to crow.

    ~'W~ el khan'c~J' to crow, coo incessantly.

    ~(91 ~~ ~ d ~ kh~d' cauwA? I

    1. to interrupt, inter-

    ......

    6(J'W

    ei: khan'

    V 1. to find (it) amusing, be amused by.

    vene. 2. to break in in the middle of. 3. to be interspersed (as trees dotting the landscape).

    2. to be funny, amusing, ridiculous, absurd.

    o ~'W~'W~ khan'diina' ~ Isn't that amusing! Isn't it ridiculous! Isn't that absurd!
    b 6(J 1 ~'W fl'W 1~~

    ~~ 1 ~ khadcaj' V 1. to annoy, to get in the way.


    2. to be contrary, contradictory. 3. to be

    khawkhan'kanjaj' ~ They all

    annoyed, irritated.

    laughed heartily.

    ~~ ~ 1 khadtaa' V to be somewhat disturbing in


    appearance, not pleasing to the eye.

    o b6el~'Wflo1~l~6(JeJ~ b6(J1 thdd'-khan'khamphQud'= cu


    kh3Jukhaw' ~ She was amused by his words.

    ~~bbtJ~ (n'W) khadjteu'(kan')

    '-'

    to be in conflict,

    6(JtJ~'W khobkhan' V to be funny, humorous, comical, amusing.


    'W 1 <S\J1J naa'khanl, naakhan'

    to disagree (with one another), contradict (one another).

    to be funny, comical,

    ~~ ~'W khads()n' V 1. to lack, be short of, be in


    need of. 2. to be poor, in want, needy.
    6(J'W
    ~

    amusing, ridiculous.
    kh~n'

    C step (of ladder, stairs); step (in a pro-

    ~~ ~ JJ 1 6 , - 6 khAdsamaad' V to sit with knees


    apart and legs crossed under (usually on the floor).
    a'

    a'

    cedure); rank, level; stage (of development).


    b~ 'W J'W

    1 pen' kh~nkh~n' step by step, in stages.


    ~'U~'WS dabkhan' V 1 it. to die (of Buddha).
    a'

    ~'WS in
    ......

    6()~~ ~~-- khadhuu', fan'khadhuu' V to I:>e discu' ~


    pleasing to the ear, jarring, not sound right.
    b 6(JJJ6(J~
    ~

    6(J'U

    C9.>

    khab' V 1. to drive, operate (a vehicle).


    2. to drive (a herd). 3. to drive away, chase

    ......

    cv

    ( ~ 1 tJ, b ~'W) khemkhad' (saaj', s@n')

    away. 4. to secrete (excrete). 5. to tease.


    fi'W--

    belt.
    d ...... UJeltJ6(J~
    ......

    driver, chauffeur, pilot.

    ~--

    eleg.

    m9aj'khad' V to feel stiff and sore. 2. to

    idem.
    ...... d

    6(J ~ t&J khad' V 1. to rub (against), scrub.

    6(J'U 6(J
    cu

    kh~bkhli'

    V to drive, operate a vehicle.

    polish, shine.

    t:.J--

    operator, driver (of a vehicle).


    ( 1'U )

    ~~ cu bl khad'thuu' V to burnish, furbish, polish up.


    ~~JJ'W khadman' V to be polished, shiny, glossy.
    ~~~ khad'sii' V 1. to scrub. 2. to polish.

    o
    ......

    1'U ~'U ~
    d

    bajkhabkhl i' {baj ')

    N operator's

    license, driver's license.


    6(J'U b fl tJ 1 kh~bkhtaw' V to drive or exert (oneself)

    n1 s - ......

    friction; abrasion. V 1. to tighten by turning or twisting.

    vigorously, relentlessly .

    6(J'W

    C9)

    kh~n'

    ~'U j;l el'W khab't~Jn' V to drive, herd, urge on.

    2. to force oneself to try something (against great odds), to make a diligent or daring effort.
    0

    ~'U ~ bl khabr6d' to drive a car. fi'W-chauffeur.

    driver,

    ~'W nel n kh~nk:5g' to turn the faucet off.


    t; t; ......

    n1 ~~'W kuadkh~n' V to be strict (with).


    6(J'Wbb6(J ~, bb6(J ~ 6(J'W kh~nkheu', kheukhan 1
    ......

    ~'U 1~ khabl~j' V to drive away, chase away, repel. d d o b fl s eJ ~ 'U'W 6(J'U 1 ~ ( b A~ eJ ~ ) khr9aubin'kh~blaj'
    A

    <V

    to be
    .....,

    (khr9au')

    N pursuit plane, fighter plane. -Chiefly in cpds.

    diligent, industrious; to do things assiduously,

    6(J'U t&J khab' V to sing, recite.

    56
    ..., 6J'U nSl eJJ,J
    khabkl~m/

    to sing lullabies, to lull

    (khaa:g', khaa/)
    t1 1Ll ~ ~ ~ 1
    0

    N co 11 o q. legs.
    N co 11 o q.

    to sleep.

    ( Fl'W) khaapracam/ (khon/)

    ~'U b'W~ ~ khabphleen/ V to sing, sing a song. .., ~'U ~ eJ ~ khabrj:>tJ/ V to sing.
    b'W~ ~~'U

    steady customer, regular customer .


    t111 ~ ( t1 1 , Fl'W)

    khaaphaj / (khaa/, khon/)

    N card

    ( b'W~ ~)

    phleen/khab/ (phleen/) N song.

    player.
    t11in
    I

    ~'U
    6(J'J
    ~

    ro

    in
    ~

    ~'U~'W. See
    khQa/ (khQa/)

    rl'U~'W.
    N 1. pole (of the earth, of

    khaahag/ V to have a broken leg.


    q,.,

    i't:J in

    eJ 1 t:J ~t:J ?aaju?kh~j/ N life span. q

    tl1 eJ eJ'W

    ( t1 1 ~)

    khaa?~:>n/

    (khaaul) N thigh.

    ( tl'd)

    Uti'Wtl 1 ( tl 1 ~)

    khtenk11aa/ (khaa:gl) N arms and

    a magnet). 2. connecting point, e.g. point where


    I

    legs, limbs.
    Fltl 1
    cu
    I

    stem is attached to fruit.


    0
    ~

    ( Fl'W)

    khOukhaa/ (khon/)

    N partner.

    lt tl'U tl d fl n theeb/khQal6og/ the polar regions.

    t1 'J

    1~

    ..,

    6i 1:Wt11 ( eJ'W) saamkhaa/ (?an/) N tripod.


    Vl'd 1 ~ t1 1 waaukhaal N space between the legs.

    khOat~aj/ N 1. south pole (of a magnet).

    2. g eo g. South Pole.
    ti'J bVI'WeJ khOanya/ N 1. north pole (of a magnet).
    ~
    .:!>1

    1a ~ ~

    eJ tl1

    ?oo:g 1 t~:>kh~al

    co 11 o q. to be very fat

    (of people): "jar with legs."


    t1 1 11 khaa I

    ..,

    2. geog. North Pole .


    ~

    Pt de f. 1. element used by women and

    IWWtl 'J
    cv~

    ( 1'U) t6nkht1a/ (baj/)


    cv~

    N stub (as of a

    children after a name, title, or kin term to address someone, or call someone' s attention. 2. N Yes. (as a reply when called or spoken to). -Syn.
    t1 1
    ~

    check), counterfoil (Brit.).


    'Vi'J t1 'J

    ( eJ'W, 'Vi'J t1 'J) huakhOa/ (?an/, huakh(la/)

    cv

    point where the stem is attached to a fruit.


    t1 'l
    {9) (

    com. galangal (Alpinia

    t1 1 ~ , tl 1)

    kh~a/ (kh~an/, kh~a/)

    N 1. leg

    ( bL ~ ~ , i'J) khaal (u~u/, hua/)

    (of the body, of a piece of furniture, of a journey). 2. member (of an informal group, coterie). C 3. elf. for a player (e.g. of cards); for each part of a structurally connected pair, triad, etc., as the blades of a pair of scissors, the legs of a pair of pants, the legs of a tripod.
    o
    6(1 6(1

    sp.), an aromatic rhizome used in cookery and medicine.


    t1 1
    (

    Fl'W) khaal (khon()


    t1 1 lB,

    N servant, attendant,

    ..,

    slave.

    q. v., is a secondary meaning .

    tl1 s- 1tl'n 1 s ( Fl'W, 'W 1 t:J) kh.araadchakaan 1 (khon 1 ,

    naajl)
    '-'

    N government official.
    I

    1'Vii~ ( 6(1 1) kh~alau/ (kh~a/) N hind legs.

    tl1 s- 1

    vn 1 s- ( ~ 1 t:J) 'Yl'VI1 s

    khaar.adchakaanl(faaj )::::

    1l'll khaapaj/ the trip going; (on) the way to, 1l ~ ~ tl 1 kh~aph~j/- sli/kh~a" four card
    kankraj /kh~adiaw/ a single0

    thahaan/ N employees of the military services (as opposed to those of the civil service) .
    0
    '-' I

    .(on) the way there.


    o
    6(J

    6()1 S 1 V n1 S' ( ~ 1ll ) lJ nFl S' eJ ~ kb.a raadchakaan I::::

    players.
    0

    (faaj)pbgkhr:>:>UI N government official (esp. an administrative or law enforcement official).


    '-' I

    n:l sl n:ltl 'l b ~ ll 'J


    bladed scissors.
    1 n~

    ,;!,~

    tl1 a 1tl'n 1 s- ( ~ 18) 'WSl b~ eJ"W kh.araadchakaanl::::

    6(1

    ~ 1 n~ (;1 ~)

    khaakankraj/

    (kh~au/)

    (faaj)phonlaryanl civilian government employees.


    Fl~~

    the jaws.
    t1 1 niu khaaklab/ the return trip; (on) the way

    n s- ~ ~ n 1 ~-- khana? /kammakaan/- khaaraad::::

    chakaanl(faaj)phonlaryanl N Civil Service Commission.

    back.
    6(J 1 b

    n khaakee/

    to have a twisted leg (as from

    OCJ

    1 ViS~ 'J ~

    ( Fl'W, 'W 18) kh.aluau 1 (khon 1 , naaj 1 )

    paralysis).
    6(!
    6(1

    1. royal servant, esp. female, a lady in waiting.

    1tl 1 ~ b ~ ll 'J khaa/kh~a:odiaw/ one-legged.


    1 btl1 khaakhaw/ (on) the way in, incoming.
    0

    2. governor (as of a changwat); commissioner.


    tl 1 Vi Sl 'd ~ lJ ~ ~ ~ o 1 ~ ~ 'Vl1~
    "-'

    ('W 1 8 , Fl 'W )

    khaal UatJ I

    ~'W;1v1
    .., ..,

    b;1

    (eJ~1~ ,vu~) srnkha:a/kh~akhdw/


    ..,
    ( 6(1 1 ~, t1 1) khaa 1 kh~u 1, kh~ukhaa 1

    pracamlcauwadl (naajl, khonl)

    N former des-

    (jaau/, chanfd/) imports.


    t~ 1U6(J ~, ut~ ~6(1 1

    ignation for the governor of a changwat; see

    t:.J'd1s1oJn1~~~'Vir~.
    cu

    57
    o tt1 1'V!~ 1 ~ Jl1 Fl (naaj I, khonl)
    ( 'W 1 tJ, Fl'W) kh~aluau 1 ph~agl tJ 1 ~ U ~ :W kh~u reeml (period of) the waning moon.
    6(1

    N former designation for the


    "-'1

    1~

    1~
    "-'

    kh~nl~aul

    lower part, below, down below,

    governor of a region; see ~ 1 1 ~ 1

    vn 1 ~ Jl1 Fl
    "-'

    downstairs. -+Ant. tJ 1 ~'U'W.


    6(1

    o ;

    1'V!~ 1 ~ 1 'V!~

    ( 'W 1 fJ, Fl'W)

    kh~alua:oljajl

    (naajl,

    1 ~ 'V!'W 1

    kh.:gn~a I

    1. in front, ahead; in front of.

    khonl) eral.
    "-'"-'

    N high commissioner, governor gen-

    2. future, in the future.


    cv

    tJ 1 ~'Vi~~

    kh~:olaul

    in back, behind. to side with, sympathize with.


    AA inclined to be,

    Vb(J 1 ( Fl'W) kh!ikh~al {khonl)


    6(1

    N colloq. slave.

    b tJ 16(1 1 ~

    kh~kh~au I

    1 1!1

    kh~al
    ~

    P 1. s p. to i nf. or in t. I, me. Paired

    FleJ'WV 1 ~

    ( &t::)

    kh~nkh~au(ca~)

    with l 8 ~ "you.'' 2. 1 it. I, me. Sometimes


    ' paired with 'Yl1'W

    rather, more or less, on the side of, somewhat.

    "you" (ref. to a person of sta-

    tus), or with L ~ 1 "you" (ref. to an inferior). _.See L


    6(1

    V 1 <9J.
    kh~aphac~wl

    A ~ tJ 1 ~ khia:gkh.au I side by side. s- en.J 6(J 1 ~ r~~bkh~aul on all sides, all ~;1 ~ ( ;1 ~) siikh~aul (kh~anl) N
    b tJ

    around. side {of the

    1'W l ~ 1, V 1 i

    P e 1 eg. I, me.
    6(J

    body).
    1171 khaadl V 1. to lack. 2. to be lacking, be miss-

    Used esp. by public speakers and writers. Paired with 'Yl1'W


    6(1 6(1
    I

    "you.''

    ing (from). 3. to be torn, worn out {of clothing). 4. to be broken, separated (from), severed (from). 5. to finish; to be final. sV 6. off; completely, absolutely. o V 1171Fl 'd
    1:W~

    1 m See

    ; 1 ~ n.

    1 n khaagl V to hawk up and spit out (phlegm). 1 ~,


    ~ cu

    6(1

    n-- ( ~ n) khaaul, lOugkhaaul (lOugl) N cu


    C 1. side; also used for one of

    top (the toy).


    6(1

    khaadlkhwaamrdul to lack knowledge.

    1~

    kh~a:gl, kh~u~

    o V 1 ~ L ~ ~ b Sf.JI.J k:haadlroourianl to miss school. o


    b eJ tJ 1 ~ Lb; 'd s)7alkhaadltwl ~ (My) coat is tom

    a pair, such as an arm, leg, shoe, tusk, fender.

    Pp 2. by the side of, beside. -com p. 1. Jl1 tJ.


    o
    6(1

    (ref. to a new coat), is worn out (ref. to an old one). o

    1V 1 ~ b ~ tJ 'd kh~alkh~udiawl one-legged, (with)


    "-'

    "-'

    'Wr?l5~1~111.J~1~F('l phOudl-ja:om.jthankhaadl~
    'U

    one leg.
    "-'

    khaml had not yet finished talking.


    kh~ulah~alkhonl

    (1

    1 ~ ~ ~ 'V! 1 Fli.J
    't.;

    five persons on

    o Lb 11 ~ ( ... ) 6(J 1171 th? I( . .. )k:haadl to gnaw off, gnaw loose.

    each side.
    I

    o
    6(1 <tJ

    6(1

    1 ~ 'V!'W 11711
    &-'

    ~ kh~un~ataaul

    at, beside a window.

    o 'V! 1 tJ tJ 1 ~

    h~ajkhaad.t

    to recover completely,

    1~

    ~ kh~ukh~au 1

    beside, on the sides of. (period of) the waxing moon. nearby, by the side of, intimate person, close

    be completely cured.
    V 1171 LLFl ~'W khaadkhleenl V to lack, be short of,

    1 ~ 6(J'W kh.ukh)Tn 1

    tJ 1 ~bAD~

    kh~:okhiau 1

    have a shortage of. A 'd 1 :w--

    lack, shortage.

    adjacent, close. associate.


    'l.l

    Fl'W--

    V 11711 ~ khaadcajl V to die, expire.

    v 1 ~ 171 n'U n'W ~ eJ ~

    khaadtoglbbgphr5u 1

    v to be defi-

    'l.l

    6(1

    1 ~ IWW kh~ut6nl at the beginning, at the outset;

    cient, defective, wanting; to fall short.


    6(J

    used esp. in phrases like

    ~ ~ n~ 11 :W 1 b6;1;1 ~ ;'W

    1171171 ~ 1171 khaadltalaadl V (a commodity) to be

    dauklaawlmaalew1- kh.autan.t "as already stated at the beginning.''


    6(1

    scarce, out of stock.


    tJ 1 ~ &1'd khaadtua I

    V (the price) to be fixed, definite,

    1 ~'W eJ n

    kh.:on~Jgl

    outside, {the) outside. the minority ( esp. in voting).

    rock- bottom ( esp. in bargaining).


    tJ 1171~'W khaadthunl V 1. to lose money, sustain

    tJ 1 ~ 'W eJ tJ kh.:gn:5Jj I

    ; 1 ~ 1'W kh.:onajl inside, (the) inside.

    losses (in business). 2. to be at a disadvantage.


    6(J

    tJ 1 ~ 'U'W kh.:obonl upper part, above, on top, up;

    1171n eJ khaadlmyyl V to be wanting, in short

    stairs . -A n t. tJ 1 -:j 6i 1 -:j


    6(1

    supply, out of stock; (the supply of something) to run out.


    tJ 1171 b rt.l'W khaadrianl

    1 ~ :W 1 n kh.:om.agl the majority ( esp. in voting).

    o b ~ t.1

    ~;1 ~ ;w 1 n

    Iau.tkh.:om.ag 1
    v v

    the majority

    to be absent from school,

    vote. -A n t. b ~ tJ -:j tJ 1 -:j 'W eJ tJ

    miss school, cut classes.

    58
    6(J 1l'l1'W kh~adwtn' V to be torn raggedly. 6(J 1l'l L~tlij1;
    I

    6(J 1 JJ

    kh~am'

    V to cross, cross over, step over,

    .khaad'sfamfd~aj'

    to be indispen-

    skip.
    6(J 1 JJ bl'W'W
    kh~amthan~n'

    sable.
    6(J 1l'l LVf~ eJ
    <:ll

    to cross the street.

    kh~adlya'

    V to be lacking (in), short

    6(J 1JJ'Vf'W 1 kh~amn~a' V 1. to bypass (someone),

    (of).
    rf16(J 1l'l ( ~cU'U' 6(JeJ) khamkh~ad' (chabAb', kh~J')
    j;j

    go over the head {of). 2. to disrespectfully

    "'

    ignore the presence (of).

    N ultimatum.
    L~tl'U6(J 1l'l chlabkh~ad' V to be resolute (of a

    s ~ ( tl'W) 6(J"'1JJ tro:n(kan)kh~am'

    1. to be opposite,

    the opposite of, contrary (to). 2. on the contrary, conversely. 3. to be right across from each other.
    J-JeJ ~ 6(J 1JJ
    mJJukh~am'

    person), irrevocable (of an order), absolute.

    ~6(1 1l'l

    ch:Ci'khaad' V to make a final decision.

    L~l'l6(J1l'l d~dkhaad' V 1. to be decisive. 2. to


    be resolute, firm. 3. to be absolute, without

    V to overlook, disregard.
    )kh~amkh~am'

    eJ 1'\.J ( . ) 6(J 1JJ

    "'

    ?aan'( ...

    to

    exception. sV 4. definitely, absolutely. 5. decidedly, unquestionably, very, extremely.


    &ll'J6(J 1l'l t~dkhaad' V to separate, sever, break 6(J 1 tl

    skim, read (something) by skimming.


    kh~aj'

    V com. to sell.

    Fl'W--

    salesperson,
    I
    0

    seller, vendor; also ~-- .


    6(J 1tl6(JeJ ~

    -s y n. ~ 1Vf'W 1 tl

    e 1 e g.

    off, cut off.


    L~'WeJ'W6(J 1l'l pen?ankh~ad' definitely, decidedly,

    khaajkh5Ju' V to sell, sell things. Fl'W--

    salesperson, seller, vendor.


    o
    ~

    positively, absolutely, under any circumstances. Used in negative or prohibitive constructions.


    o eJ ~ 1 L~'W eJ'W 6(J 1l'l

    1'\.J 6(J 1 tl6(J eJ

    rctan'kh~ajkh5Ju'

    N store, shop.

    6(J1tlV1~ kh~ajchaad' V to betray one's country,

    j~a~ ... pen? ankh~ad'

    do

    commit treason.
    d

    Fl'W- -

    traitor.

    not (do so and so) under any circumstances; (you) are absolutely not to (do such and such).

    6(J 1 tl LVeJ kh~ajch9a' V to sell on credit.


    kh~ajdlb'khaajdii'

    V e 1 a b.

    ooeJ~1;1J-Hl'W'WFl'W b~tl'J

    biJ'WeJ'W6(J1l'l

    j~akh~am'tha~

    co 11 o q. to have good sales; to sell well.


    ~

    ni5n'- khondiaw'pen?ankhaad' / Don't you ever under any circumstance cross the street alone.
    t:J n 6(J 1l'l phuugkhaad' V to monopolize.
    cu

    6(J 1 tl

    j;j

    'J

    kh~ajtua'

    V to sell tickets.

    Fl'W--

    ticket

    seller.
    6(J 1 tl 't1 eJ l'l j;j ~ 1l'l
    kh~ajth~Jd'talaad'

    n1 ~ -

    to sell at auction.

    monopoly.
    ~'W6(J 1 ~ LJ-Jl'l u~ 'J fon'-khaadm~d'leew~ It has stop~

    6(J1tltl~n khaajpllig' V to retail.

    "'

    6(J 1 tl

    ~ ~

    khaajsou' V to wholesale (i.e. sell in


    I

    ped raining.
    ij1;6(J 1l'l

    quantity to a distributor). incessantly, regularly,


    o
    ~ 1 FL16(J 1 tl ~ ~ raakhaa'kh~ajsou'

    mfd~jkhaad'

    wholesale price.

    constantly, unfailingly.

    6(J 1 tlV!'W 1

    khaajn~a'

    V to be disgraced, shamed.

    1~6(1 1l'l m~jkhaad'


    o

    1. without a break, continuous-

    6(J 1 tl bV!JJ 1 khaajmaw' V to sell in bulk, to whole-

    ly. 2. can't be severed.

    sale (i.e. without allowing selection of individual can't cut it off. or choice pieces).
    FJ16(J 1 tl
    khc1akh~aj'

    &ll'l1~6(J1l'l t~d'm~jkhaad'
    tion, undernourishment.

    1~ FJ6(J 1l'l eJ 1Vf1 ~


    6(J

    r6og'kh~ad?aahAan' N malnutri-

    V to engage in trade, buy and

    sell.

    1'\.J khaan' V to call out; to call (the roll). 6(J 1'\.J ;'U khaan'ntb' V to answer (a call); to call

    ~ eJ 6(J 1 tl
    I

    n1 ~-- business, trade, commerce. s"YJr'kh~aj' V to trade, engage in comr~e'khaaj'

    merce. Ls 6(J 1 tl V to peddle. N 1. net. 2. limit, scope,

    in reply.

    1~~6(1 1'\.J

    cood'kh~an'

    1. to talk loudly.

    2.

    6(J 1 tl

    ( eJ'W) khaaj' (?an')

    to spread the word around.


    6(J 1:W khaam' V to be in awe of, to fear, dread. Ln ~ ~ 6(J 1JJ kreeu'khaam' to be in awe of, to fear,

    range, sphere, category.

    ~1tlcU~A'U
    I

    khaaj'baukhctb' N jurisdiction.
    I

    cv

    .:.!

    j;j

    16(1 1 tl

    ( !7116(1 1 tl, eJ'W, t:J'W) taakhaaj 1 (taakh~aj 1,

    to revere.

    ?an', phyY-n')

    N 1. netting, meshwork. 2. net

    59 {for ensnaring birds; for badminton, soccer, etc.). Also written 171 ~ 6() 1 tJ. o f:H 1711 ~ 1 tJ
    '1

    6(J1'd

    I"9a:g/, jaa:g/)
    I

    N news. sAmncig/- khaawsaan/~

    o 6io11Tn 6() 1 'd ~ 1 ~ eJ ~ JJ ~ tl'W {baj/) N net


    1

    ( 1'U)

    thu:g/taakh~aj/

    ?ameerikan/ U. S. Infonnation Service.

    (in the fonn of a bag, as a butterfly net).


    6(J 161 khAan/ N (Year of the) Tiger.

    1;~ 1 'd ( 'd 1) d~jkhaaw/(w.a~)


    hear the news {of).
    !Tn 1~ 1 ~b!J.6(J 1 'd
    <r'l

    to hear (that),

    -The complete

    list of the cyclical years is given under


    6(J 1 'd
    6() 6()
    <9)

    i1 .

    ( A'W)

    nagwfcaan/khaaw/ (khon/)

    khAaw/ V to be white.
    ~
    ~
    ~

    N news commentator.
    e.J 6i cu

    1 'd 1 'd

    'd n khAawcuag/ to be real white, chalk white. 'd


    ~

    -:j 6() 1 'd

    ( Fl'W)

    phOusoukhaaw/ (khon/)

    N cor-

    khAawcua?/ idem.

    respondent {for a newspaper).

    6(J 1 'd 'W61 ~ khaawphloo:g/ to be white all over,

    ;~ eJ~ 1 'd cu
    I

    ( A'W)

    phOusy-ykh~aw/

    {khon/)

    N news-

    solid white.
    6(J 1 'd

    paper reporter.
    Jl1'W6(J 1 'd ( Jl1'W)
    ph~abkhaaw/ (ph~ab/)

    1;

    khAawr6o/ to be distinctly white, strik-

    N news

    ingly white.

    pictures. N egg white, albumen.

    l ~ 6() 1 'd kh~jkhaaw/

    ~1tJ~1'W6(J1'd (n~~u6i,6i1tJ,Q~'U)
    khaaw/ (krasee/,
    s~aj/,

    (1) raajuaan~
    raaj:gaan/~

    171 --16(1 1 'd (1) taakhAaw/; (2) taa/khaaw/ N 1. white

    chabab/); (2)

    of the eye. V 2. to be cowardly.


    'Y1 eJ
    ~ 6()

    khaaw/ N 1. news report. V 2. to report news. 2. plati~ ~ 6()

    1 'd th:::>:::>:gkhAaw/ N 1. white gold.

    1 'd
    I

    lo:gkhaaw/ to publish the news. sarub/khaaw/ V 1. to give a news sum-

    num.
    'YleJ ~ Ff16(J 1 'd th:::>:::>:gkhamkhaaw/ N 1. platinum.

    6i ~LJ6(J 1 'd
    "~
    I

    mary. N 2. news summary.


    ~

    2. white gold.
    'tJ'W6(J1'd puunkhaaw/ N lime.
    cu

    6i'WeJ6(J 1 'd
    I

    Q./

    'Vi'd 6() 1 'd

    san~d/khaaw/ to d ( ~ ~ eJ -:j) huakhaaw/

    present the news. (r9au/) N news head-

    ; 16(J 1 'd'U 1 ~

    ( ~'W)

    ph~akhaawbaa:g/ {phtyn/) N

    line.
    b'VitJtJ'd6(J1'J
    d

    cheesecloth, gauze.

    (A'W)

    jlawkhaaw/ (khon/)

    N slang

    ~li(J 1 'd slikhaaw/ N 1. white, the color white.


    V 2. to be white.
    6(J 1 'd l2J in
    (;J

    news reporter. [prob. tr. f. Eng. newshawk]


    6()

    11

    kh~aw/, kh~aw~

    N rice. Also used in compounds

    16(1 1 'd JJ 1

    ( ~'W)

    ph~akhawmaa/* {ph)Tyn/)

    designating cereal grains.


    tl'U6(J 11

    N a long strip of patterned cloth used by men for various purposes (e.g. as a towel, loincloth, sash, or covering for the head).
    6(J 1 'd
    I

    kabkh.aw/ N 1. food that is eaten with

    rice. 2. dishes {in the sense of foods). Often


    Q./ Q./

    shortened to N news.

    n'U.

    _.See

    n'U 12J. A'W--

    ( ~'W, ~ :l eJ ~) kh~aw/ (chfn/, T9a:g/)

    o 'Y11tl'U6(J 11 thamkabkh~aw/ V to cook. cook.


    n'W6(J 1 d

    A'W-- reporter.
    I

    6(J 1 1 n ~ ~ ~66i 1711 ~

    1 khaaw/- krase/taautaa:g/ news


    N news

    kinkh~aw/

    m. to eat (esp. to eat


    n'WeJ 1'Vi1 ~.

    from various sources or channels.

    one's meal).

    -c 0 mp.

    -syn.

    ~ 1 'd A:l1 'd


    ~ 1 'd 1~"cl-b!J. 1
    6(J 1 'd 'Yl1
    ~

    ( ~'W) khaawkhraaw/ {chfn/)

    ;'ULJ~~'Yl1'W6(J1'J eleg., ~'W~-:j~'W


    6()

    sacer.

    (esp. one's personal news), tidings. khaaw/kh6odsanaa/ propaganda.

    11 un

    kh.awkeeu/ N rice with curry, eaten as


    ( eJ ~ 1 ~ ,

    a complete meal.
    ; 1 d 6() eJ

    n 1 :l khaaw/thaa:gkaan/ official news.

    ~ ~ ' ~'W ' e)'W ) kh~aw kh3:::>u /

    {j a au/,

    ~ 1 'd'W 1 ~~'d
    6(J 1 'd 611
    I I

    khaaw/ph.adhua/ headline news. late news.


    6()

    sl:g/, chfn/, ?an/)

    N belongings, things, pos-

    khaawl~a/ d
    '1

    sessions; equipment, gear. 11


    ~ ~

    o 6(J 1 'd 611 't16i ~ khaawl.a/thtisud/ the latest news.


    6(J 1 'd 61 eJ
    I I

    kh~awcaaw/

    N nonglutinous rice. Also

    (
    ~

    ~ ~

    eJ -:j) khaawlyy/ (r9au/) (


    ~ ~

    N rumor. N
    ~

    spelled
    "-'

    6(111~11. -Opp.

    6(J1'J~'VitJtJ'J.

    6(J 11 6 61161 eJ

    eJ -:j ) khaaw/l.wlyy/ (r9au/)


    d

    o ULJ ~ 6() 1 1 ~ 1 1 pte:g/kh.awc.aw/ N rice flour.


    6()

    rumor.

    11 171JJ kh.awt6m/ N rice boiled to soupy con-

    6(J1'd6i1~

    (~'W, ~~eJ~,eJtJ1~) khaaws~an/ {chfn/,

    sistency, rice porridge.

    ~1'J

    60
    1 'J l?l eJ n
    kha.awt~og/

    N popped rice, puffed rice.

    appearance).

    ~ 1 'J &1~ kha.awtau/ N crisp cooked rice crust that


    sticks to the bottom of the pot. (Eaten like crackers when fried.)
    ~

    i!ntJ011'W1~

    nygkhAmJ'najcaj' to be inwardly amused.

    ~~

    ( ~'J , Ll ~

    ~) khiu/ (hua', U~U/) N ginger (hua/ for


    U~U I

    the rhizome;

    for the branches of the rhi-

    1 'J L'U 1 kha.awbaw/ N a rapidly maturing variety

    "' zome). l?l'W--

    ( ~'W) the ginger plant.

    "'1 'J Vi'W n . of rice. -op p. ~


    ......

    ~~'W~n~~~~ thY:uphr!g'thY:ukhiuJ' V elab.


    co 11 o q. 1. to be really hot, peppery, spicy (of food). 2. to be racy, piquant (of conversation).
    B~1~--

    "'

    1 'J'l.JGl1,-- eJ 1Vi1 S kha.awJ'plaaJ', kha.awplaa/?aa::;

    Man/ N e 1 a b. c o 11 o q. food.
    ~ 1 'J
    "'

    LtJGl Bn kha.awplyag' N paddy, unhusked rice.

    Ql

    special. hotly, heatedly (of

    "' ~ 1 'J ~~ kha.awphadJ' N fried rice.


    ; 1 'J 1'W~ ( ~n,

    arguing, debating).

    ~ eJ n)

    kha.awph6odJ' (fag/,

    d~og/)

    ~~~~ jfiukhiu/ V colloq. 1. to be highly inq

    N com, i.e. maize. Sometimes incorrectly spelled


    ~ 1 'J 'V'J 1 ~
    ~
    "' I

    volved, complicated, confusing. 2. to have dealings (with), have to do (with).


    tJ khli/ V to ride; to drive.
    d n~6(J
    I

    ; 1 'J LJlV;. ;'W-- ( ~'W) com (the plant).


    d

    kha.awta.au / N millet.

    1 'J ~ 1 nVi:W 1 n Lb'W ~ kh.awja.ag/maagplteeu/ e 1 a b.

    kbdkhli/

    to oppress, tyrannize.

    co 11 o q. famine or hard times to exist, food to be scarce.


    ~
    "' q

    tJ:W6(J
    ...., d

    khbmkhli' V to oppress, tyrannize. khabkhli/ V to drive, operate (a vehicle).

    tJ'U6(J
    J....,
    ~

    1 'J L~'W ( :W eJ ) kha.awjen/ N 1. leftover cooked rice, cold rice. 2. s p e c i a 1. evening meal, dinner (myYJ').
    6(J

    J"

    6(J ~ n s tJ 1'W khli'cagkrajaanJ'

    to ride a bicycle.

    khti' N 1. com., v u 1 g. excrement, dung, droppings, excretion. 2. com. dregs, dirt, ashes, residue. V 3. com., v u 1 g. to defecate.

    1 'J ~ 'J ~ kba.awsuaj / N boiled or steamed rice

    (in which each grain is nicely separate). "' ~ 1 'J ~ 1 S kha.aws~an' N raw, husked rice. "' -opp. ~11~n.
    "'

    -s y n. 1, 3. ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ e 1 e g., #n'U ( ~'W) khtikbb/ (ch!n/) N


    6(J n ~ 1 n
    ~

    ~~

    l1

    c o 11 o q.

    wood shavings.

    1 'J ~ 1 Gl kha.awsctalii/* N wheat.


    q "'

    khtiklaag/ N ringworm (tinea). khtikaj/

    #1 ~ (;B'W)
    crement.
    6(J6(JtJ~
    ~

    (k~on/)

    N com. fowl ex-

    tJ 1 'J ~ n kha.awsug/ N boiled rice, cooked rice.

    -o p p. tJ 1 'J ~ 1 s . tJ 1 'J VitJn kha.awnag/

    (neJ~)

    khtikhaja?' (koou')

    N colloq.

    N a slowly maturing variety

    waste, refuse, rubbish.


    V6(J 1 ( Fl'W)
    tJ b6(J:J.J 1
    ~

    of rice. -Opp. tJ1'J b'U1.


    tJ 1 'J bVii1~ 'J kha.awnlaw/ N glutinous rice.

    "'"'

    khtikh.a/ (khon/)

    N co 11 o q. slave.

    khtikhamaw/ N co 11 o q. soot, lampblack;

    -Opp.
    'lJ~

    tJ 1 'J b ~ 1.

    carbon deposit (as in car engine).


    6(JFl~eJn khtikhr~og'

    1 ~ tJ 1 'J plaajkha.aw/ N broken milled rice

    "'

    N derog.,colloq. slave

    (used as animal feed). "' S 'J ~ tJ 1 'J ( S 'J ~) ruaukh.aw/ (ruau/)


    Vl'J ~ 1 'J hiwkha.aw/ V to be hungry.
    ~~
    '-'

    (an appellation). N rice ears.


    6(Jfl S ~
    ~
    ~ ~

    khtikhr.u/ N co 11 o q. sticklac, i.e.lac

    in its natural state before being refined for use.


    6(J Fl 'J 1 tl #1FHi'W

    tJ 1 'J huukha.aw/ V to cook rice.


    I

    khtikhwaaj / N com. buffalo dung. khtikhloon/ N colloq. mud. khtikhlaj/ N co 11 o q. scurf ..

    1J 1 'J uf!J kh.wfe.l* N co 11 o q. coffee. The standard

    word is

    n1 U'W

    kaafee'.

    #1rHi
    ~

    kha.wn~m'* N co 11 o q. sweet foods.

    tJ l?l ~ n eJ'W khtitakoon/ N co 11 o q. precipitate,

    The standard word is tJ'W:W khan()m. ; 1 An

    sediment, silt.

    ( Fl'W)

    kha.asyg/ (khon')
    ...., rr

    N com. enemy.
    ....,

    #l?l ~ 1'U b'Vl~ n


    Vl?l1

    khtitabajleg' iron filings .

    -Syn. tJ ~'lJn~

    e 1 eg.,

    Fll?l ~ com.
    cu

    "'

    n eJ'W) khtitaa/ (k~on/) N matter (in the eye).


    N punk, a composition of resin and

    tJ01 kh~m' V 1. to be funny, amusing.

    2. to be

    #1;

    khtit.aj /

    amused. 3. (a person) to be attractive (in

    rotten wood used as tinder.

    61
    ~

    '-'

    6(J Lb11 khtith.wl N ashes.


    ~ d t!(J~V! S
    .... +

    form verb derivatives. -Dis t. L~1-m, V1 ~ 1!1. 6(J LntJ ~ khtiklad' V com. to be lazy. -Syn. LnrJ~Fl.~ 1'W eleg.
    tJ 1n ~ khtikoou'
    ~
    AI

    khtiburli' N cigarette ashes.

    AI

    ~'t.J~ ~ 'J khtipatiw' V co 11 o q. to be little, small


    (in value), trifling, insignificant.
    t!(J'tJ 1 n khtip~ag' N co 11 o q. 1. gossip, idle talk.
    ~

    to be given to cheating, taking

    advantage of others, trying to get out of obligations. 6(J 1n V!n khtikoohog' v telling lies. -Syn. tt1 tt1 ~ 1 ~
    ~ ~

    2. the parroting of another's words. 3. a victim of gossip. 6(J L'tJ khtip@e' V co 11 o q. to be bad, of poor quality.
    ~~ ~

    Jt

    c
    ~

    m. to be given to lying, el eg.

    Jt

    '-'

    t!(J't.J~

    khtikhl~ad'

    V co 11 o q. to be given to

    Jr.)'

    khtiphtlJ' N wax, beeswax. khtifan' N com. decaying food particles

    being cowardly, timid, timorous.


    tl(JV eJ
    khtikh3~'

    ~cVf'W
    Jt
    cu ....

    V co 11 o q. to have a habit of

    between the teeth.


    t!(JJ..Jn khtimOug' N com., vulg. snot.
    'Wo1:Wn e 1 eg.
    Jt
    cu cu

    asking for things. -Syn. tt1 ~ n khtikhug' V co 11 o q. to be a jailbird.


    ~

    ~~~ khtit)ryd' V colloq. to be stingy. -Syn.


    171 S" ~ V!'W e 1 e g., tt1 LV!'Wrl ';1
    ttJ 17l'W
    ~QJ

    '-'

    ()(Jd.J6HJ eHJ khtimuunf3j' N co 11 o q. rubbish, ref-

    AI

    com.

    use, litter.
    t!(JrJ 1 khtijaa' N residuum (of opium). See also
    ~

    ~d

    khtiryyn' V co 11 o q. to be easily excited

    or alarmed. tt1 b1 ~
    J(
    ,;!i

    under
    ~QJ

    tt1

    liD.

    khtithau' V co 11 o q. to be all that is bad

    tJ

    ~ ~

    LbFl

    khtiraukhee' N com. dandruff. -Syn. colloq.

    (of people). tt1 L'Yl eJ n khtith9ag' V co 11 o q. to be muddy, full of mud or dirt.


    J"'

    ~QJ

    t!V!';l
    '-''-'

    ~ ~ ';1 khtir!w' V co 11 o q. to have no looks at


    all, be plain and homely, unattractive (used of people). o V!'W 117!16(J ~ 1 na.ataa'khtirfw' idem. o ~ 1tt1 ~ 1 ( ~'W) phttakhiirfw'* (ph)Tyn') co 11 o q. rag. tt1 L~ el'W khtiryan' N co 11 o q. leprosy. o LIJ'W ttJ L~ eJ'W pen'khtiryan' to have leprosy,
    be a leper.
    d tl b ~ eJrJ
    ~
    c;:
    ~

    ttJ'U'W
    ~

    khtibon' V co 11 o q. to be given to complain-

    ing, grumbling; to be a complainer, grumbler.


    t!(J'tJ~

    '-'

    Jt~

    khtipod' V eleg. tobegiventolying,


    ~

    '-' Jt '-'

    N o
    ~

    prevarication. -Syn. v1nV~n


    ttJIJ~:w~ L'Yl~

    com. V elab. eleg.

    Jt

    ..

    khtipod'-m6d'th~d'

    Jt J-'

    to tell a lie, prevaricate.


    ttJ bdJ 1 khtimaw' V 1. to be given to drunkenness,

    4'

    to be a drunkard; to be habitually drunk. 2. to be given to motion sickness. ness.


    ~

    khtilyaj' N sawdust.

    Fl 1 1d-J--

    drunken-

    tl 1 ';1
    '-'

    ~QJ

    khtiwua' N com. dung of cattle, cow Ina-

    Fl'W--

    a drunkard; contrasts with Fl'W bdJ 1

    nure.

    orte who is drunk (at a given time).


    ttJ rJ 1 ( Fl 'W)

    ~GicWd-J khtisan'lm' N co 11 o q. rust.


    t!V!'W khtinuu' N mouse or rat droppings. -See
    cu
    d'

    khtijaa' V 1. to be addicted to opium.

    N 2. an opium addict (khon'). See also under

    also examples below. o tl'Wd-JttJV!'W cu food. o 'W ~ n~V!'W phr!gkhtinuu' N bird pepper, a tiny,
    cu
    '-'

    d'

    khan~m'khtinuu'

    N a kind of sweet

    ~ s- eJ'W khtir6~n' V to be sensitive to hot weather.

    '-''-'

    ~1 S" Fl khtir~og'
    ~~:W
    ~
    I

    V to be sickly, unhealthy.

    '-'

    khtilyym' V to be forgetful. khtil@n' V to be playful. khtisr>usaj' V to be skeptical, given to

    very hot variety of chili.

    tt1 b ~'W tt1 6i ~ 6i rJ


    J(
    ~
    QJ

    ~~';) khtihua' N co 11 o q. 1. dandruff. 2. dirt (such


    J/-v

    '-'

    as collects on a comb). -Syn. 1. tJ S ~ bbFl


    J(

    com.

    skepticism. tt1 6i ~ 6i 1 s khtisousaan' V to be overly sympathetic, readily sympathetic, compassionate.


    ttJV!'W 1 'J khtinaaw' V to be sensitive to cold weather.
    :h'

    6(JV! khtihuu' N earwax.


    J(

    cu

    6(1-

    khti:::;. Bound stem meaning "characterized by, given to." Placed before verbs or nouns to

    62

    ~~~ ~,-- ~~:w khtilou/, khtilou/khtilyyrn/


    ~

    '-'

    '-'

    e 1 a b. co 11 o q. to be forgetful, absent-minded.
    1J~'d ~
    1J~~
    ~c9

    Lb ~'W khtihtia:ght:en/ V to be possessive.

    J' 1J'W L~ 1 kh9nuaw/ V to be glossy, lustrous. J' A 1J'W L~ 'W kh9nudn/ V to redeem for cash. J' ~ 1J'W ~ 1 n b ~ e:J kh9ncaagrya/ to step ashore, dis em-

    khtihY:o/ V to be jealous, given to jealousy


    J'
    <=II

    bark.
    ~'W 1 ~

    (of husband and wife; of lovers).


    1J b~'W~ 'J khtinlaw/ V co 11 o q. to be stingy.
    ~

    See entries below. cam/kh9ncaj/ to learn by heart.

    -+S y n. lYI S ~ ~'W


    ~

    e 1 e g.,

    1J lYI ~ c o 11 o q.

    ~~

    o ~ 11~6(J'Wl ~ camd~aj/kh9'n.caj/ 1. to remember


    0

    OJ'1 ~ 16(J'W ~ '-'J'

    1J e:J 'J ~ khti?uad/ V to be boastful, given to brag-

    vividly. 2. to learn by heart.


    J' '-' V'WV1 ~ kh9nchciau/ V 1. to mount an elephant.

    ging.
    ~'-'

    1J e:J e:J'W
    ~

    khti?~~n/

    V to be given to crying.

    2. to be mounted on an elephant.

    1J e:J 1 ~ khti?aaj/ V to be shy, bashful. 1J b e:J 1 ~1'W


    ~

    ~'W~e:J

    kh9'n.ch9Y/ V co 11 o q. 1. to be famous,

    khti?awth~an/

    V to be diligent, indus.,)'

    well-known, popular, have a reputation. 2. to be mentioned or talked about often.


    6(J'W LVFl kh9nch~g/ V to cash a check. [ LVFl f. Eng.] J' '-'
    6(J'W~'W kh9nt~n/ 6(J'W'YJ~ b'UeJ'W
    ~ ~

    trious.

    ~ ~ ( ~ ~) khlid/ (khlid/) N 1. line; dash (typographical symbol). 2. limit. V 3. to draw, scratch (lines), mark, score (with lines).
    <=II
    I

    V to begin, commence.

    J'

    <=II

    kh9n/thabian/ V to register for some-

    6(J~1J'J'W

    khlidkhuan/ V to scratch, mark with a

    thing, be registered, get (one's name) on a register. Usually for military service and for automobiles.
    J' JJ ~ 6(J'W'W ~ L:iJ e:J ~
    kh9nn~u/myau/

    sharp object.

    ~~ b ~eJ'W khlidkhlan/ V to write.


    <=II
    I

    1J~~1 khlidkh~a/

    V to scratch out, cross out,

    co 11 o q. to become

    strike out.

    the ruler of a country.


    J' ti'W'Un kh9nb0g/ V to land, go ashore. J' 0 eJ n ... 6(J'W't.J n j6g/ . .. kh9nbog/ to land (e.g.

    ~~A'WeJ ( ~~) khlidstiun/ (khlid/) N zero line,


    cu

    fY

    zero point; rest point (of a balance).

    ~~ L;'W1; khlid/s@nt~aj/
    score.

    to underline, unde:t;-

    troops), put ashore.


    J' ...., ~ 1J'W'Ub1)o(J kh9n./banchii/ V to be registered, listed,

    1;~~,- -1'W

    ( eJ'W,

    n1'W, nin)

    mcijkhlid/,

    mcij~
    k~an/

    entered in a list.
    J' I 6(J'WcU1 Vl:W kh9n/piimaj/ to start a new year. J' I o ~ 1'W6(J'WcUl Vl:iJ uaan/kh9npiim~j/ New Year fes-

    khlidfaj / N match, matchstick (?an/,

    for indhlidual matches; klag/ for boxes). o

    ~~ 1;~~ 1cw
    match.

    khlid/mcfjkhlidfaj/ V to strike a

    tival .
    .._, J'
    I

    o 'J'W6(J'WcUl Vl:W wan/kh9npiimaj/ New Year's Day.


    J' 6(J'W l LJ kh9npaj/ V 1. to go up~

    Se:JeJ~~ (~e:J~) r~~jkhlid/ (r~~j/) N scratch.

    sV 2. up, upward;

    ~ ~ khY:o/ V 1. to stretch, to stretch taut, stretch


    out. 2. to string (as a tennis racket).
    1J ~ 1J ~
    J' 1J ~ , -.,)'
    c9
    Q..l

    onward; increasingly. o eJ ~ ~ 6(J'W l LJ jtujtu/kh9npaj/ better and better, more and more, progressively, increasingly.
    J' 6(J'W:lJ 1 kh9'n.maa/ V 1. to come up, rise. d J'

    khY1Jkh~U/

    V to be vigorous, serious,

    energetic.

    2. to

    1n s 6

    kh9u/, kh9lJ/krbod/ V to be angry.

    grow, increase. sV 3. up, upward; onward; increasingly .


    .,)' c9

    1J'W

    kh9'n/ V 1. to rise, grow. 2. to board, climb, o

    mount, get on. 3. to ascend (a throne), enter upon (a new reign, a new year). 4. to raise, lift up. sV 5. up; more, increasingly, get ... -er. -+Ant.~~.
    .,)'

    lYI~e:J~6(J'W:W1~'W~~

    tal~~d/-kh9flmaa/conthyu~

    all the way up to.


    J' 6(J'W ~
    ~

    kh9nr6d/ V to take, board, get on a train

    -+Syn. 3. b~~~

    eleg.
    .,)'

    or bus; to take, get in a car .


    6(J 'W ~ 1 kh9nraa /
    .,)' .,)'

    1J 11J'W khaakh9n/ N the upstream trip, the north-

    V to get mildewed, moldy .

    bound trip; (on) the way up.


    '-' J' 6(J 1 ~ 1J'W kh~aukh9n/ (period of) the waxing moon.

    6(J'W ~ 1 Fl1 kh9nraakhaa/ V to raise the price.


    6(J'W~ ~

    kh9nlou/ V 1. to fluctuate, rise and fall;

    63

    to be fluctuating, inconstant. 2. to go up and down, take off and land. s V 3. up and down.
    6(J'Wfl 1 ~ kh9"nsaan' V to appear in court, go to
    J'

    6(J'W l1 kh9"n' V to depend on; to be dependent. tl'W eJ tJ ( ntl , L~ n , r1)


    cu
    J"
    I

    J'

    G.'

    kh9"n'juu(ka,
    J'

    k~e,

    thti)= to

    depend (on), be governed, conditioned (by).


    ~

    court.
    J' A 6(J'W~'WJJ J'

    - D i s t. tl 'W eJ tJ cu
    J'

    &"

    under tl 'W

    kh9"nsanim' V to rust, get rusty.

    ~ JJ eJ ~ 6(J'W

    ( ~ JJ eJ ~)

    mya:gkh9"fl' (mya:g') N colony,

    6(J'W ~ ~ tJ ~ kh9"nsla:g' V co 11 o q. to raise one's

    dependency, subject country.


    6(J'W
    ~

    voice (as when provoked).


    6(J'W'V!'W e:J'W kh9"nn3Jn' V to get wormy.
    J'
    &"

    khyY-n' V 1. to disobey, oppose, counteract.


    AA 2. insist on, persist in.

    J'

    ...,
    ..., J'

    6(J'W'V!'W 1 kh9"nn~a' to get ahead (of), pass, surpass. 6(J'W'V!'W 16(J'W1711 kh9"nna.a'kh9"ntaa' V e 1 a b. co 11 o q.

    6(JJJ~'W khbmkhyY-n' V 1. to rape. 2. to coerce.


    6(J 1716(J'W khadkhyY-n' V to disobey, to violate. 6(J'W
    d
    G.'
    ~

    to be well-known, popular, outstanding.


    J'
    I

    kh)ryn' V to be bitter (in taste).


    6(JJJ6(J'W kh~mkh)ryn' 1. to feel bitter, embittered.
    d

    6(J'WL 'V!JJ kh9"flmaj'

    sV again, once more, anew.

    May often be rendered by the English prefix re-, as in the following example.
    '-' &"
    I

    2. to be bitter (in taste). 3. to be bitter, hard

    to bear.
    6(J'W6(JJJ kh)ryn'kh~m' V to be bitter. tl eJ
    d d d

    o ~ ~ 1 ~ ( ) 6(J'W 1'V!JJ sa.a:g( ... )kh9"nmaj' to rebuild, reconstruct.


    6(J'We:J~ kh~'juu'

    ( 6(J eJ)
    d

    kh)ry' (kh)ry') N 1. tie beam. 2. wooden

    &"

    to be growing, rising.
    J'
    ~

    -Dis t.

    shackle for the legs.


    6(J eJ ~ ~ n

    6(J'W eJ tJ under 6(J'W


    ..., '\J
    I

    J'

    o d11711JJJ:::;JJ'J ~6(J'We:JtJ~ 1JJ6117l'W miit6nmam0a:g'kh9"n'cu


    juus~amslit6n'l There are three or four mango

    J"

    kh-yycamuug' N the nasal septum.


    J'

    '1..1

    6(J ~
    9

    khud' V 1. to dig, dig up. 2. to be dug.


    ~ 171 ( ) 6(J'W
    ~ 171'W'U

    khud( ... )kh9"n to dig up (something).

    trees growing (there).


    171 6(J'W dii'kh9"n
    .,.,

    khudph6b' V to unearth, excavate . khun', khun= T 1. title for the lowest

    V 1. to get better, improve. 2.

    6(J'W
    9

    ( l71'J , fi'W)

    That's better.
    &" ~6171 ~ 6(J'W dee:g 1 kh9"n

    rank of conferred nobility. For other ranks see


    1. to redden, get redder.
    b(~'W'W 1 ~

    below. N 2. king (in chess) (tua'). 3.

    2. idiom. to be exposed, revealed.


    LI7J6(J'W too'kh9"n
    "" J' J' J'

    a leader (khon').
    6(J'W ~ 6(J 1
    9

    to grow up, get big, get bigger.

    ( ~ n)
    cu

    khunkhaw' (lOug')

    N an especially

    't1 'J ( ) tl'W thawii'( ... )kh9"n to increase. 't1 eJ ~ tl'W th:SJ:gkh9"n' V

    1. to be bloated. N 2. flat-

    ..., 6(J'WlfJ 1 ~ 6(J'WLLf!J'W khunchaa:g'khunph~en' The name


    9 9

    big mountain.

    ulence.
    A

    -Dis t. 'Yle:J ~ n 1 ~

    of a famous and popular Thai literary master..., 6(J'W lfJ 1 ~ and


    9

    ..., &" 'Wo16(J'W naamkh9"n' N flood tide.

    piece named after its two principal characters,


    6(J'WLlf!J'W
    9

    'U'W 6(J'W binkh9"n' (an aircraft) to take off.

    &"

    It is written in a form of
    ( ~) meant to be sung.

    LJ~n1JJ6(J'W pluug'm~jkh9"n' one can't grow (it); cu


    (it) won't grow, can't be grown.
    'W ~ 6(J'W fa:gkh9"n' V to sound reasonable, plausible. 'W ~ lJ.Jt!'W fa:g'ma.jkh9n' V to sound unreasonable,
    G.' G.'

    IJ'

    verse known as See


    ~'W'W 1 ~

    n~ e:J'W

    ~ ~Jl1.

    &"

    ( Fl'W, 'W 1 tJ)

    khunnaa:g' (khon', naaj')

    IJ'

    1. noble, honored person (often in government service)-. 2. the nobility, with conferred rank.
    ...,

    unbelievable, implausible.
    :W 1 n6(J'W ma.ag'kh9n .,! J'
    IJ' ; ~ 6(J'W
    G.'
    I

    &"

    more, more and more.

    -Dis t.

    ~ ~

    1'W 1 tJ.

    NOTE. The conferred titles


    ~ ~

    tJ ~ 6(J'W jt:gkh9"n' more, increasingly.

    of rank, in descending order, are


    'W~:::;tJ1,'W~:::;,'V!~'J~,~'W.

    1'W ~:::; tJ 1,

    rfi:gkh9"n 1
    J"

    the next day.

    ...,

    o 'J'W; ~ 6(J'W wan'rO:gkh9n' the next day, the next morning.


    G.'

    o 6(J'W'Wo16(J'W'W 1 ~
    9 9

    ( Fl'W) khunnaam'khunnaa:g' (khon')

    N e 1 a b. co 11 o q. government officials, members of the nobility.


    ~'W'W~

    &"
    <9.>

    'J'Wfi(J'W

    fl1 wan'kh9nnY1Jkh~m' the first day of

    the waxing moon.


    &" ~'J ~ ~ 1:::; 6(J'W huar:S?'kh9n
    G.'

    ( Fl'W) khunphon' (khon')

    N military com-

    to burst into laughter.

    mander; war lord.

    ~'W
    q

    64

    ~'WAn ( A'W, tJ ~ ~ L'tlA) khunsyg' N 1. a powerful q


    military leader, war lord (khon'). 2. a nation with great military power (prath@ed').

    ~'W:U Lt1 ~

    ( L<u ~ , A ) cu

    khanOmkheu' (kheu', kht1u')


    I

    N Chinese pastry in the shape of a basket.

    Often sold in pairs, hence elf.


    I I

    A. cu
    N a

    'Wn~'W'tl1 ~ ( &1'J) n6gkhunth~~u' (tua') N talking q


    myna, bird of the starling family (Sturnidae).
    ~n~'W
    'U
    q

    L6(1 ~\J~ 1't1


    cu

    ( Lt1 ~)

    kheu'plaathuu' (khe:n')

    small, flimsy bamboo pad or tray on which mackerel are placed to be sold.
    ~

    ( A'W) 11lugkhun' (khon')


    cu

    N juror.
    I

    All~~

    n ~'W q

    (AbU.~

    ) khanalt1ugkhun' (khana? ')

    L 6(JbY khen' N distress.

    N jury.
    ~'W
    q q

    nJ n~ ~ :U'tf1 L6(Jqf
    V to be moody, in a bad
    r:: ~ L~tU

    c;;;

    k:,o.kam'thamk:h~n' V to cause

    khun' V to be cloudy, muddy, turbid, unclear.

    trouble, do evil, commit crimes.


    cu

    ~'W;l ~ 1~ khunkh~:ncaj'
    mood.
    I

    .khuukhen' V to intimidate, coerce by in-

    A 'J 1:U-- moodiness.

    timidation.
    L~bll1 ~

    al

    ~'W LA

    l ~ khunkhyau' V to be irritated, displeased. khuncaj' V to be depressed, perturbed,

    khencaj' V to be destitute, impoverished.


    r:t

    ~'W1 ~
    q
    I

    Fl 'J 1:Utl1 n L~b)J khwaamja:agkh~n' N 1. hardship.

    gloomy.
    cv

    2. poverty.
    LA ti'J L!f.lqj khtawkh~n' V 1. to force.
    d
    c;;;

    ~'W:U'J

    khtinmua' V 1. to be murky, unclear,


    c;;;

    2. to urge

    cloudy. 2. to be dim, blurred. 3. to be sullen, ill-humored, gloomy.


    L ~tl
    ~:U

    repeated! y.
    L6(.1 ~
    c;;;

    C9>

    khed'

    skein.

    ~~'W ~
    q

    sia:n'khunkhun' sullen tone of voice.

    L6(.1~

    lJ

    khed' V to dread (to do something), to be

    khum' C pit, cavity, abyss.


    ~:U~'W

    afraid (esp. because of a previous bad experience).


    L6(.1 ~ Lv ti'J khedkh taw' i d e m.
    .::

    khumkhi>n' N hair follicle; pore.


    G"
    I

    ~:U'tlS'Wtl (~:U,LL'Vf~) khumsab' N 1. treasure q q


    (often buried) (khum'). 2. place where treasure is found or kept (he:n').

    ::

    L~ ~cWtJ khedfan' V to experience a sensation, supposedly in the teeth, evoked by the sight or taste of something sour. L6(] ~ , L6(.1 ~ ~
    (

    ~:U'tlS'Wtlfi ~ ~:UV1~ khumsab'thammach~ad' N


    q

    G"

    1. natural resources. 2. an area of natural

    L6(.1 ~

    kheed' (kheed')

    N 1. limit,

    abundance.
    ~tl

    boundary. 2. area, zone, territory.


    6(] l'U L~
    &1 (

    khuj' N 1. fuzz. 2. flaky crust. 3. scaly or powdery residue. L~'W~tl penkhuj' V to be fuzzy, frayed, scaly. q

    eJ'W)

    kh~~bkheed' (?an')

    N limit, bound-

    ary, confines. L6(.1 ~A~ l'UA ~ e:J


    ~ kheed'khr~~bkhr~Ju'

    N territorial

    cu

    khuu' V to threaten, menace, scare.


    I

    possession.
    b 6(J~~:UA ~ e:J ~ kheed1 khumkhrJJu' N protectorate.
    LV~

    6(J:JJ6(] khomkhuu' V to threaten, intimidate.

    ~6(] 1bll khuu'khw~n' cu


    I

    cu

    V to terrorize, threaten,

    UfJ1'W kheeddeen' N 1. territory, area, zone.


    I '-'

    intimidate, attempt to coerce by fear.


    6(] L6(Jblj khuu'kh~n' V to intimidate, coerce by
    cu
    C::

    2. boundary, border, frontier.


    b 6(] ~ ~ e:J 6i kheed'toJsOu' N combat zone.
    cu
    LV~ LrlA'U 1 ~

    intimidation.
    6(]~

    kheed'th@edsabaan' N the city limits;

    cu

    khuud' V to scrape, grate.


    6(J~Lln khuud'k~e'

    municipal boundary; municipal area.


    b6(J~tJ~e:J~'fl'Vf1S kheed'-ploJd'thah~an'

    cu

    V to scrape off, erase by

    N demili-

    scraping. L6(] in
    ~

    tarized zone. L6(J~tJ~ e:J~Jltl kheed'pl:,Jdphaj' N safety zone.

    1 L6(]

    taakhee' V to be slightly cross-eyed.

    L6(] n kheeg' V to hit with the knuckles. L6(] ~ ( 1'U, ~ n, L~ ~) khe:n'*(baj', IOug', khe:n') cu N

    1'W LV~
    Vf:U~

    najkheed' within the boundaries of.

    b 6(.1~ mod'kheed' to be past the deadline;

    1. a kind of bamboo basket. C 2. elf. for a

    (applications) to be closed.
    e:J 1bL!.1 L6(] ~ ?aanaakheed' N border, boundary,

    basketful (as of coal), for a trayful (of mackerel).

    frontier, territory.

    65

    l6(J'W

    <9)

    eJ'W)

    kh~en' (?an') N a round shield.


    ( eJ'W)

    b 60d-J6(J'W
    c:;

    kh@mkh~n' ~

    V to be concentrated, thick.

    l6(J'W ~

    in

    n 1 ~ l6(J'W

    kaa:gkh~en' (?an') N

    b 6(JJ..JLb6(J

    kh@mkh:n' V 1. to be strong, powerful,

    cross.
    c:;

    vigorous, ardent. sV 2. sedulously, hard and V to push; to move forward by pushing persistently (as of working). power, ardor.
    A 1 1d-J-- strength,

    l 6(J'W

    kh~n'

    and pulling.
    l

    ~'W (

    ) l~l'LJ

    kh~n( ... )m.jpaj'

    1. can't budge

    b 6(Jd-J ~ 1 ~ khem:gfiad'

    V 1. to be strict, rigid. 2. to

    (something); (it) won't budge. 2. (a person) to


    be unteachable, dumb.
    b 6(J:ij ~
    I

    curb.

    kham~:n' rM used with ~ eJ ~ "gaze," d-J eJ ~


    "look" in the sense of "fixedly, rigidly."

    6H ~'W

    ( A'W)

    r6dkh~n' (khan') N pushcart,

    buggy (esp. ba!Jy buggy).


    b 6(J'W khen'* V to beat hard.
    Jf

    b6(JJJ'W khamen/* V 1. (muscles) to twitch.

    2. s 1 a ng

    to find irritating, be irritated by; to be irritating, get on one's nerves.

    l6(J'W b 6(J tJ 1 khenkhtaw' V to gnash the teeth,

    grind the teeth (in anger).


    b;:w ( b ~d-J, eJ'W)

    o e.Jd-J
    N 1. needle,

    b6(J~'W'VId-JeJJ'W:W1n ph~m'-khamen'm~:J'-n~n:::
    I'm quite irritated by that fellow.
    I A

    kh~m'

    (l@ml, ?an')

    m~ag'~
    d

    pin. 2. hand (of a clock) .


    l6(Jd-J n f1 ~
    .;: cv

    o 'VId-JeJ'Wb6(Jd-J'W~~~ m~:Jnti'khamen'ci:g'~ Thisguy


    really gets on my nerves.
    '1..1

    ( eJ'W) kh~mkHtd' (?an') N 1. safety pin. b 6(Jd-J'W


    cv

    cv

    2. pin, brooch.
    0

    <9)

    khaln@n'* V to stare (at).


    ~

    b 6(J d-J n ~ ~8(] eJ'W 'lJ 611 tJ

    c:;

    cv

    ( e:J'W)

    kh~mkUtd' S~:Jnplaaj'

    b 6(Jd-J'Wd-J eJ

    kham@nlm:J:J:U' V 1. to stare at, gaze

    (?an')
    b 6(Jd-J6(J ~
    c:;
    cv

    N safety pin.
    kh~mkhad'

    at. 2. to look at (something) closely, fixedly. (saaj', s@n') N


    b 6(J d-J'W ~ in 6(J:;:; ~n b 6(J d-J'W

    ( ~ 1 tJ, l ~'W)

    khamag'khamen', khamag':::

    belt. o ~1 l ;:w~~ N buckle.


    l ~:wJ1 Ld-J ~ b~d-J~ b~d-Jrlfl b~d-J'W 1~ ( eJ'W) ( ~1, eJ'W)

    khamen' V to be serious, determined, earnest,

    huakh~mkhad' (hua', ?an')


    b 6(J d-J ~

    energetic.
    kham~en'

    N com. Cambodia; Cambodian,

    kh~m'chfiamoo:n'

    (?an')

    Khmer.

    -Syn.

    rld-J~V1 lit. 'U


    pN e 1 e g.

    hour hand (of clock or watch).

    'lJ ~:;:; b'tlA b6(Jd-J ~


    Cambodia.

    prath@ed'kham~en'

    kh~mchfi'
    ( eJ'W)

    N pointer, indicator.

    kh~mthfd' (?an') N compass.


    N minute

    b 6(J d-J 1 khamaw' N co 11 o q. soot, lampblack; carbon

    ( eJ'W) kh~m'naathii' (?an')

    deposit (as in car engine). -Also ~--.


    b 6(J tJ
    kh~8j I

    hand (of clock or watch).


    b;d-Jt.J11 (eJ'W) kh~mjaaw' (?an')

    N a male relative by marriage who is

    N idem.

    the husband of a blood relative within a given family. The term designates a man as an in-law

    sewing needle.
    b;:w/'W b;d-J'VId-J~ q ( eJ'W)

    of his wife's blood relatives. Generally combined (?an') hour hand. N with kinship terms.
    'WeJ~

    kh~ms.n'

    -Opp.

    ~:;:; 1;.
    N brother-in-

    ( b 61d-J, i1) kh~mmud' (le1n', tua')


    .;:

    b6(JtJ

    (A'W)

    n5:J:gkh~8j'

    (khon')

    pin.
    b 6(J 1 ~ 1 tJ b 6(J 1 b 6(Jd-J
    kh~wd~aj'kh.wkh~m'

    law who is the husband of one's younger sister. V idiom.


    'V'lb6(Jt.J
    d

    (A'W)

    phtikh~8j'

    (khon')

    N brother-in-law

    to be crucial, decisive.
    l?l'W b ~d-J
    ~

    who is the husband of one's older sister.


    f1nb6(Jt.J
    'U

    ( l7l'W)

    t~nkh~m' (t~n') N a shrub or tree

    (A'W)

    lflugkh~8j'(khon')

    N son-in-law. N the husband

    of the genera Ixora, Pavetta, or Duperrea.


    l7l ~ b 6(Jd-J t~:g'kh~m' V idiom. to form a purpose. 't.Jf11l ~d-J
    ~

    'VI~ 1'W b 6(Jt.J

    ( A'W) laankh~8j' (khon')

    c:;

    of one's niece or granddaughter.


    b 6(J tJ n ,

    ( f?1'1)

    plaakh~m' (tua') N needlefish,

    16(J tJ n- -

    khajeeg', khajoog'khajeeg' v 1. to

    fish of the Belonidae family.


    b6(Jd-J khem'* V 1. to be intense, strong, concentrated.
    I

    limp, hobble (in walking). 2. to wobble (as a table).


    b 6(J tJ ~ khaje:n'* V 1. to tiptoe, stand on tiptoe. 2. to

    2. to be deep, dark (of colors).

    66 hop on one leg.


    1, 6(1 tJ ~ 1, n ~ n eJ tJ n 1 1 n ~ ~ ~ ~
    I

    animal) (khaw', khtlan'). 2. wind instrument,

    It:

    '-'

    khajenkenkJJjktlaw 1 :::::

    horn (for blowing signals) (?an').


    '-'

    kradood' N hop-step-and-jump, an athletic sport.


    I, 6(1 tJ

    b6(J 1 n 1 1 ~

    ( b6(J 1, 6(J 1 ~)

    khawkwaan' (khaw', khtlan')

    N antlers.
    I, 6(1 I, 6(1

    1 khajaw' V to shake.
    16(1 rJb1) khajaw'khwan' V 1. to threaten. 2.

    1 ~

    n (b
    I

    6(1

    1) khawkln' {khaw')

    N antler. N dove,

    I, 6(1 tJ

    1 rn in 'W n I, 6(1 1 ( &11) turtledove.

    n6gkhaw' (tua')

    to frighten, shake profoundly.


    1, 6(1

    ~'U khajab'* V 1. to shift, move over. 2. to bet-

    b 6(1 1

    khaw', khaw' P com. 1. he, him, she, her,

    ter one's position, move up.


    &-'
    I, 6(1 tJ

    they, them (also used for indef. reference). Used V to shift only of people. 2. co 11 o q. I, me.
    ....,

    ....,

    eJ'W, 6(1 tJ'U--

    khaj~an', khajab'khaj~an'

    -Dis t. 1.

    slightly, budge, move.


    I, 6(1 ~ ~

    :W'W rn

    -s y n.

    1.

    r11 'W e 1 e g. d e f

    e r. NOTE.

    khle?' V 1. to be thick and coarse in consistency, gooey. sV 2. in disorderly array.

    Pronounced khaw' only in careful or emphatic speech; normally khaw'.


    0

    I, 6(1 ~ ~

    khle? khle? I

    i d e m.

    I, 6(1 ~ ~

    mng. 1.
    Fl 1 1 :W--

    I, 6(1

    1 ; Vi ~ eJ n~ 1 kha W rUU I
    cu
    1

    r~gntla I~

    C0

    11 0 q.

    I, 6(1 6i

    1 khlaw' V to be stupid, ignorant. stupidity.

    I know (about it already). o


    I, 6(1

    11, ~ 1 rl'W 1 1 khawltlw'kanwtla' people are

    I, 6(1 1 khw~e'

    V to go awry (as one's plans), be

    saying (such and such).


    'W 1 n b6(1 1 pht1agkhaw'

    amiss.
    16(1; I, 6(1 1

    N they, them, the others.

    khwtljkhw~e'

    V to be confused, mixed
    b6(1 1

    -op p.

    cw 1 n 1,

    1.

    up, disorganized.
    I, 6(1

    ( 6(1 1 ~ , 66(J 1) khaw' (khtlan', khaw')

    N knee.

    1
    I

    <9J

    ( ~
    CU

    n) khaw' {lOug')
    I

    N mountain, hill. N mountain

    An 1, 6(J 1 khugkhaw'
    'l ....,

    to kneel. N knee.

    VeJ ~I, 6(1 1 ( VeJ ~)


    pass.
    V1 1 b 6(1 1V1 1 ~ eJtJ

    ch~nkhaw' (ch~n')

    Vi1 b 6(J 1 ( 6(J 1 ~) huakhaw' {khtlan')


    1,6()1

    FS. See 1(111.


    6(J

    ( Fl'W) chaawkhaw'chaawdJJj'
    I, 6(J

    I, 6(J

    1 6(J eJ ~ See
    l.l

    1 1 6(J eJ

    (khon') N e 1 a b. co 11 o q. mountain people.


    1,

    khtlw', khtlw::::: V 1. to enter. 2. to insert,

    v~ b

    6(1

    1 ( 66~ ~) ch88nkhaw' (hen')

    N e 1 e g.

    fit, put on. 3. to sympathize, side (with). 4. to join. 5. to come into contact (with). sV 6. in, into, to. 7. increasingly, up. As secondary verb often best ommitted in the English translation. Seealso

    foothills, the foot of a hill. com.

    -s y n.

    ~'WI, 6(1 1

    ~'W 1, 6(1 1 ( 66Vi ~) tiinkhaw' (hen') N com. foothills, the foot of a hill. -Syn.

    6V~ 1,6(11

    eleg.

    l~b;1

    below.

    -Ant. eJeJn.

    11 1 I, 6(1 1
    I,

    ( ~ 1 ) thiwkhaw' {thiw')

    N mountain

    1n; (...
    0

    I,;1

    kltlj( ... )khtlw' to approach, come


    '-'

    range.

    near, come up close. N mound I, :w eJ

    TI eJ n I, 6(1 1 ( I, TI eJ n) th9agkhaw' (th9ag 1 )


    tain range, mountain chain. 1 ( ~~) ph?Yd'khaw' {ph?Yd')

    1n~ Flo1b 6(J 1

    '-'I

    m9akltljkhtlm 1 khtlw' when it is

    approaching nightfall. N mountain


    6(J

    cW~

    I, 6(1

    1b 6(J 1 khaakhtlw' (on) the way in, incoming.


    '-'

    range, mountain chain.


    Jll, 6(1 1 cu

    I, 6(J

    1 n~ ~ ~ n~ 1 khtlwkraduug'dam' to be deep- seated,


    0

    CU

    ( 6i n) phuukhaw' (lOug')
    cu cu

    N mountain.

    ingrained, firmly entrenched. eJ tJ 1 ~- extremely, in the extreme.


    b 6(J 1 rl'W khtlw'kan

    deeply,

    I, ~'WJlb 6(1

    1 pen'phuukhaw' to be mountainous. N mountain

    tJ eJ ~ I, 6(1 1 ( tJ eJ ~ ) j~Jdkhaw' (j~Jd')

    1. to match (as colors); to

    top, peak, pinnacle. Vi1 1 ~ b 6(1 1 ( I,I,Vi ~) waankhaw' (hen')


    I

    blend together. 2. to side with each other. N valley,


    b 6(J 1 rl'U khtlw'ka:::::
    I, 6(J

    to side with.

    esp. cultivatable depression between mountains.


    Vi'U I, 6(1 1
    'l

    I,

    ntJ ~

    khtlwkia' to put in gear, engage the

    ( 1,1, Vi~ ) hubkhaw' (hn')


    '-'

    N valley.

    gears.

    I, 6(1

    1 l.l ( I, 6(1 1 ,

    6(1

    1 ~ , eJ'W) khaw' N 1. horn (of an

    b;11 n; khtlwkltlj'

    V to come near, get close.

    67
    ~

    tJ 1tl 1 ~ k:h.wk:h.an' to side with, sympathize

    flesh (as an ointment), into the meat (as seasoning).


    "-' I

    with.
    ~

    tJ 1 bltl ~ tl'W k:h.w'khenkhan' to enter the compe-

    cv

    btJ 1 LJ 1 b tJ 1 ~ ~ khttwpaa'kh.wdon' V e lab. co 11 o q.

    tition.
    ~

    Fl'W--

    competitor, contestant.
    f. Eng.]

    to go off into the jungle (used esp. in a fig. sense, i.e. to get away from it all).

    ~ tJ 1 A 'J k:h.wkhiw' V to queue up.

    [A 1 ~; 11 Fl ~ eJ eJ n 1 Fl ~ k:h.wk:hraji?~Jgkhraj'
    1~ ~; 11 Fl ~ eJ eJ n 1 Fl S"

    ll 0 q.

    ~;1 ~ ~
    ~

    kh.wpt:n' V idiom. to be in hot water,

    to be partial, to favor one and not the other.


    0

    in a tight spot.
    btJ 1 b'lJ'W ~ d-J 1 ~ n kh.wpen' samaachfg' to become
    c:;;

    m.jkh.wk:hraj /?~:)gkhraj I

    to be neutral, impartial.
    b; 1 L~ d-J~ k:h.wcoom'tii' V to attack, assault,

    a member of, to join (an organization).

    b;1-1 LJ

    kh.wpaj' V 1. to go in. 2. to join, enter

    strike.

    (an organization). sV 3. in.

    ~;11 ~

    k:h.wcaj'

    to understand.

    n 1 ~--

    (act

    b tJ 1 b ~ 1 kh.wf.w' V to have an audience with

    of} understanding, comprehension.

    Fl 1 1 d-J- -

    (a royal person).
    btJ 1''l'U kh.wph6b' V to call on, make a (formal}

    (state of} understanding, comprehension.


    0

    ~; 11 ~ n'W ~ 1

    kh.wcaj 'kanw.a/ it is understood


    btJ

    call.
    1~

    that, it is commonly understood that. o

    s-

    s-~1

    kh.wphansaa'

    to be in the Buddhist

    b;11 ~ ~ ~1
    mistake.

    kh.wcajphid' V to misunderstand,

    Lent (in the rainy season).


    b SCJ 1 d-J 1 k:h.wmaa' V 1. to come in. sV 2. in.
    b SCJ 1 b eJ

    n1 ~- - (act of} misunderstanding.


    kh.wcaj 'w.a' 1. to understand that,

    Fl 1 1d-J-- (state of} misunderstanding.

    n~

    kh.wmya:n'

    to be immigrant; to inl-

    a-

    ~;11 ~ ~ 1
    stood that.

    migrate; to enter a country or town. Fl'W-immigrant, entrant into a country or town.


    0

    be under the impression that. 2. (it) is under-

    ~ 1 'W b;1 bn eJ ~

    ( ~ 1'W)

    daankh.wmya:n' (daan')

    ~;11~~J'W k:h.wcaj's3:)n' toteachexpertly,


    with know- how.
    d
    'V

    N immigration office, post (at the point of entry).


    btJ 1 tJ 1d-J khttwjaam' V to be on duty (as a guard,

    o ~ 'iJ'Wrl ~ tJ 11 ~ ( 11) penthtilk:h.wcaj'(w.a') it is understood (that), it is a known fact (that).


    ~ tJ 1V~ btJ 1 ~
    '1
    ~

    night watchman).
    bSCJ _1 ~ ~ kh.wjyd' V to capture, seize, occupy.
    I

    eJ tJ khttwchud'kh.wr:):)j' V e lab.

    bSCJ 1 s- 1 d-J kh.wrfiam' V to join; to participate (in).

    co 11 o q. to fit (in with a set, a series), to match.


    b tJ 1 ~ 1 tJ b tJ 1 b~J.J k:h.wd.aj'kh.wkhem' V idiom.
    "-'
    ~

    b;1 i-'LJ ~ 16b'Vl~ ~


    0
    Q..l

    kh.wrab'tamnt:n' to assume an

    official position, take office.


    C:l
    Q..l

    b tJ 1 S"'Ud-JeJn'U kh.w'r.:ibmyy'-ka:::

    to get into a fight

    to be crucial, decisive. o
    ~n~ 1'W~ ~tl1~1tJ btl1 ~tld-J
    c:;;

    with. tog' thaana?'-khftw:::


    b tJ 1 ~ 'lJ kh.wrfiub' V 1. to fit in (with), conform
    <IJ

    d.aj'kh.wkhem' to get into a tight spot, a critical situation.


    btJ 1 ~ 1 ~'W k:h.wtaa'con'

    (to). 2. to be fitted, form-fitting (as a dress). 3. to form, take shape.

    co 11 o q. to be in a fix,

    b;11 ~
    o

    kh.wsaj' sV at, toward. kracoon'kha.wsaj' to leap up at.

    to be having a hard time.

    ns-~1~'WL;11~

    ~;11; ~;11 'V'l

    kh.wt.aj'kh.wfaj' V e 1 a b.

    btl1'Vl'W1 kh.wln.a' V 1. to face, confront. 2.

    co 11 o q. to be getting dark, be twilight.


    btJ 1 ~ kh.wthii' V 1. to be appropriate; to sound

    to meet with, be friends with. 3. to arrange pages in proper order, insert pages.
    btJ 1'Vl1 kh.whaa' V 1. to go see (someone about

    all right, look all right, seem al1 right. 2. to


    be pleasant in appearance, attractive.
    ~

    something). 2. to give oneself up, turn oneself in. sV 3. to, toward. o ~~ btl1'Vl1~1 khiid'-kh.whaa'tua' to strike (a match} toward oneself.

    tJ 1 'W eJ'W kh.wn:):)n' V to retire, go to bed.


    ~

    ~tl1 ~UeJ (1) kh.wnya'; (2) kh.w'nya' V 1. idiom.


    to lose ( opp. of gain}. 2. to penetrate into the

    68
    0

    b 6(Jtj d

    b 6(j 1'Yl (l

    now

    Q../

    kh~wh~a'kan/

    at each other, towards

    barrassed, self-conscious (often esp. of women).


    6 A eJ ~ 6 ~'W kh8?kha8n' V to be stiff, unnatural,

    each other; together.


    6 tJ 1~'W kh~whfin/

    V to go into partnership, team

    out of place, awkward.


    6 ~'W lJ kha0n' V to be shallow (because of silt and

    up.
    6'PJ 1 eJ eJ n
    kh~w/?~:>g'

    V 1. to go in and out. sV

    sediment, e.g. a canal).

    2. in and out.

    L
    ~

    CJ

    ~ 6~'W khood'kha8n' N rnound, hill.

    n~ n btJ 1 togdyg'kh~w to get to be late (at night). [?] ~ -:J b ;11~ tro:g'khc1wlc1j/ to set out to chase,
    [?]

    ~'W 6 ~'W t9Yn'kha8n' V to be shallow, become


    shallow ment.
    b ~'W
    d
    bn

    (e.g. of a canal getting filled with sedi-

    start in chasing.
    <ij

    blfl ( . ) b lJ 1 thuug'( ... )khc1w to come in contact


    6

    in

    6 A eJ

    1 ~ 6 ~'tJ

    ~'W)

    khr9a:ukha8n' (chin')

    with, be exposed to (e.g. heat).


    .._.,

    N lacquerware .
    6 6(JtJ

    't1Wtl1 b tJ Ttl 1 th6dnaam'kh~wnaa' to irrigate a

    khla' V 1. to flick, flick off (e.g. ashes from cigarette), ren1ove, dislodge. 2. to scratch (as

    field.
    'tl1 ~ 6 0 1
    6

    ( 'tl1

    -:J)

    thaa:gkhc1w' (thaa:u')

    N 1. a way

    a chicken). 3. to scrape away (e.g. food scraps into the garbage can).
    d b 6()

    in. 2. entrance, entry way, inlet.


    e:Je:Jn.

    -Ant. 'tl1

    tJ ~bl)66~

    khla'kuncee' to pick a lock (e.g. with

    ~ 6tJ 1 ~ El eJ n phlikh~'v'phli?~Jg' V 1. idiom. to


    be characterized by changing one's mind sud<u

    wire).
    blfl 6 6(J tJ
    d

    thuugkhla' s 1 a ng to be transferred,
    d d

    denly, without apparent or adequate motive. 2. to be changing, fluctuating, inconsistent .


    .._.,

    removed, gotten out of the way.


    'Yl b tltJ~'Vl~
    d

    cv

    ( eJ'W, 'Yl)

    thtikhla'burli' (?an', thti')

    f,J

    <u

    n ~ bl rl'W I, tJ 'l phD.ug' -tld'kankh~w to tie up to-

    N ash tray.

    gether.
    'V'JIJ ( ) I, 6(J 1 ph6b'( ...
    )kh~w

    b~tJ to encounter, meet

    -:J

    eJ'W, 66~'W)

    khla:g' (?an', phen')

    N chopping

    block, cutting board. 6 ~tJ ~


    ( ~'J)

    up with, run into.

    khlad' (tua') N a small green frog.


    cv

    1~ b;1. See 0 n'W 1~ 6 ;1


    o

    entries below. kir/mc1jkhc1w' can't eat (it), can't

    6~tJ'W khlan'

    V to write, draw.
    '

    'Wn--

    writer,

    author .
    .._.,

    get (it) down; to be inedible.

    6()

    eJ 6 ~ tJ'W

    ( El tJ 1 ~ ,

    1v1)

    kh~Jkhlan' (jaa:g', wfchaa')

    ~'W l~ 6; 1 dan'm~jkh~w'
    can't push (it) together.

    can't push (it) in,

    N written examination (as opposed to oral).

    ~ ~ b ~ tJ'W khiid'khlan' V to write.


    can't close it; (it)
    b 6 tJ'W bl ~
    aJ

    D~ 1~ 6;,1 pld'm~jkh~w'
    won't close.

    e:!i

    khlan'thY1J::; V 1. to write about. 2.

    to write to. can't put it or on;

    1 ~l~ b;1 saj'm~jkh~\v'


    (it) won't go in, go on.
    I

    b~tJ'W'Vl1T~~eJ khlan'na:gs)Ty' V to write.


    6 ~tJ'W'VlrJ~

    khlanwad' V to scribble, write hastily.


    ( eJ tJ 1 ~ , V'W)
    I

    lJJ 6 TJ 1 6 ~ eJ ~
    b ~ 'd 6; 1

    rrl~jkh.wr9au' to be irrelevant, im-

    6 A~ eJ

    -:J

    b ~ tJ'W

    'lJ

    khrJaukhlan' (jaau 1 ,

    pertinent, nonsensical.

    chfnl) N stationery, writing supplies.

    rew'kh~w~ Hurry up! ~'W;rl6 ~j1 sinkhaa'kh~w' N import,


    6~'W ( .. ) 6 6(J 1 hen'( ... )kh:w' to catch sight of.
    6 ~'W kha8n'

    ~1 ~ 6 ~tJ'W

    ( A'W)

    ch~aukhlan'

    (khon')

    N artist,

    painter, draftsman.

    Jl1'V~ 6 ~tJ'W ( Jl1'W)

    ph~abkhlan' (phc1ab')

    N a draw-

    V to b~ lacking (in some essential),

    ing (as opposed to a painting or photograph).


    'J 1 ~ 6 ~tJ'W w~adkhlan' V to draw.
    6 6~ tJ 'J

    be amiss, incongruous, out of keeping.

    9.Tn--

    artist.

    'LJ~~LtJA'itrr~ 6~'W6(J'eJLJn~
    kha8n'ch~Jbkon' ~

    prajoog'nfi' fa:g'-

    khlaw' V to be green.

    This sentence sounds

    b ~ tJ 'J 6(J ~ khlawkhacii' to be a light, bright green

    strangely lacking, i.e. sounds forced.


    6(J 'J tJ 6 ~'W khuajkha8n' V to feel bashful, shy, emaJ

    (e.g. the color of grass or leaves).


    I

    6 tltJ 'J6(}eJJ.J khlawcha?um' to be bright green, fresh


    9

    69
    and green (of vegetation).
    b~tJ 1 6b'U ~ khlawpre' to be very green.
    6'1.1

    bankment, levee, barrage, breakwater.


    rrTW'U.
    Lb 6(J

    -com p.

    L~tJ 1 66\J ~ (91 khlawpred' to be a bright, dazzling

    kht:e' N lit. moon.


    ( A'W , 't11 'W)

    -s y n.

    L ~ e:J'W

    green.
    L~ tJ 1 ~ (91 khlawsod'
    "" 61 j

    Lb 6(J n

    kheg' (khon',

    th~n')

    N 1. guest,

    to be bright green.

    visitor. 2. person from India, Pakistan, the Middle East, Africa, Malaya, Java. Often refers particularly to an Indian (from India) when used alone.
    n(;11tJ666(Jn

    6 J tJ ,J eJ khlaw? Ii' to be deep green.


    b~J tJ 1 eHJ khlaw?yY/ to be deep green.
    (911 b~ tJ 1 damkhlaw'
    1. to be greenish- black,
    ""

    ""~+

    green-tinged black. 2. to be ''black and blue," in the following entry.

    (~'W)

    klOajkhteg' (chfn')

    N banana

    slices, dipped in batter and fried.


    6VfJ n (911
    ( Ahl)

    ~nJ1(9] 1 6 ~tJ 1
    0

    f6gcham'damkhlaw' co 11 o q.

    khtegdaml (khon')

    N 1. Indian with

    to be bruised black and blue.


    l911 b~ tJ 1 taa'khlaw' V 1. to have an angry look

    a very dark complexion. 2. Negro.


    ~b":i r1 ~ ~ G-11 t'J

    cu

    ( FI'W)

    kheg'malaa.juul (khon')
    I

    in the eyes. 2. to have a black eye (i.e. a bruised eye).

    Malayan, a person from Malaya.


    66 6(J n b eJ ~~

    ( A'W, 't11 'W)

    khtegmyatJ I (khonl, th~nl)

    8 6~tJ 1
    ~

    siikhlaw' N 1. green, the color green.


    66
    6

    N an official foreign visitor.

    V 2. to be green.

    untJ 1 JJ
    man.
    d

    ( A'W) kheegjaa.m' (khon')

    Indian watch-

    ~ (91~; 1~ 1 b~ tJ d sudl~alfaakhlaw'

    e 1 a b. c

    ll 0 q.

    very far away, beyond the horizon.


    b8tJ i b~tJ 1 siaiJ'khlaw' V 1. to have an angry

    Ll ~J n bv: ~ iJ

    ( A'W, 'tl-nJ)

    khec:g' r)ra' (khon', th~n')

    N e lab. co 11 o q. guest.

    voice. sV 2. in an angry voice.

    bb6(Jn~'Wb~t.J (A'W) khsg1-?india' (khon') N


    Indian, a person from India.
    ;'U bb 6(J n

    ~'W 1 b~ tJ 1 n~a'khlaw'

    to look sick; to turn pale

    (as when sick or exhausted).


    b'Vl~'W b~tJ 1 menkhlaw' V

    nibkheg' V to receive, welcome, enter-

    to smell bad. Ace. to

    tain guests or visitors.

    some speakers, to have an odor like that of crushed green leaves.


    b~tJ 1
    ~

    o ~eJ~ ;'U666(Jn
    living roo1n.

    (11eJ~) h~JJ'rabkhteg' (h~tJ') N

    ( ~) khtaw' (sti')

    N fang, canine tooth,

    61 i bb 6(J n lo:nkheg' V idiom. to hold a bee, get

    eyetooth.
    b6(J(9] bli(JtJ 1 khedkhtaw'
    cl'

    the help of one's neighbors on a given day, esp.


    V

    to dread (to do some~

    for transplanting or harvesting rice.


    U/u ~ khetJ' V 1. to be hard, firm, strong, stiff.

    thing), to be afraid, esp. because of a previous bad experience.


    66(J'W 6~tJ 1 khenkhtaw' V to gnash the teeth,
    ~

    sV -Ant.

    2. well, ably, firmly. See cWd-J. o

    -sy n. n s- ~ (91 1 ~.

    grind the teeth (in anger).


    ble) (91 b~ tJ 1 bl eJ (91
    ~

    BJJ.J5~ rJ1tnl1l~u~ ~

    phom'

    jauw~ajnaam'm~j::

    ~ 1 th:J::>dkhtaw'th:J::>d:naa' idiom.
    n

    khe:n' I can't swim very well yet.

    (a person) to become gentle, subdued, peaceful, no longer vicious or cross: "to remove one's fangs and tusks."
    ~

    ~ ~ (91 1~b6~ ~ ( 1.6BJ'W) kradaad'khtJ' (phn') N


    cardboard, card paper, stiff paper.
    ~

    n6i 1 bb 6(J ~
    ~

    kl~akht:u'

    to be brave, strong.

    ~'W 6 ~ tJ 1 man'khtaw' V "to feel like biting (into


    something)." Used, for instance, when seeing the temptingly chubby cheeks of a child.
    b6(J eJ ~ khyau' V to be rather big (for its kind).
    d
    d <:;" 11~1eJ'Wb6(JeJ~ Lli(J
    Q..l

    6CJ

    eJ ~ 66 6CJ ~ kh~JtJkhetJ' N solid.

    b 6(JJ.Jb6~

    ~ kh~mkhe:n' V 1. to be strong, powerful,

    vigorous, ardent. sV 2. sedulously, hard and persistently (as of working).


    ~

    o
    d

    waa'caal-?ankhya:n'khoo'
    ..

    Lb 6CJ
    c:

    n~ 1
    Q..l

    khe:nkl~a'

    V 1. to be hard (of metal,

    big talk, boasting.


    b6lJ eJ'W ( b6(J eJ'W) khyan' (khyan')
    d ..

    esp. steel). 2. to be brave.


    Q..l

    N dam, dike, em-

    6b 6(J ~ 6CJ 'W ,

    6CJ

    'W u 6CJ ~ kht::nkh~n', kh~nkhe:n 1 v

    to be

    70 diligent, industrious; to do things assiduously,


    v

    see following entry).


    'lJ

    wholeheartedly.
    66 tJ ~ tl'W khulkh9nl to get harder, firmer.
    ~

    'Vl'W1666(J~

    (6(11 ~)
    6(1

    n~akh~u' (kh~au')

    N shin. N 1. arm.

    &-'

    66 6(J'W

    ( 66 tl'W,

    1-i ) khen1

    (khen 1, kh~au')

    66 ~ ~ 1 ~ lqlucaj I
    .,_,

    V to summon up one's courage,

    2. sleeve. 3. c hem. bond. C 4. a linear measure: an arm's length.


    0

    steel oneself (to do something).


    ~

    66 tJ

    ~ ~

    'd khutual V to harden, solidify, set,

    b! eJ 66 6(J'W n lJ1 s9a'khtenkud' sleeveless blouse.


    'l/9

    freeze (of itself). 66 tJ ~ 66 ~


    ~

    666(J'W6(J 1

    ( 6(1 1 ~) khenkh&a' (kh~aul) N arms and

    khureeu 1 V to be strong, powerful,


    'd
    ~

    legs, limbs. 66 6(J'W woukhen' N embrace, encircling arms.


    ~

    solid (i.e. not weak, flimsy).

    1~66~~ cajkhul V to be hard-hearted, unyielding.


    66 ~ ~ 66 tJ ~ deedlkhu I
    ~ ~
    'lJ
    ~

    'Vl'W 166 6(J'W

    ( tJ 1 ~)

    n~a'khen' {kh~au')

    N "the

    front of the arm," i.e. the inner part of the forethe sunlight is strong. N ice.
    666(J'W-i

    arm, and the forward part of the upper arm.


    (U6(J'W~)

    'W166tl-i
    ~

    (neJ'W) namkhul {k~Jn')

    khaneeu' (khaneu')

    N branch, twig.

    6'WtJ 66 tJ ~ naajkhu' N cheese.


    LJ1n66t~~
    ~

    u 6(1 ~ n 1 khaj g'khaj gl s v bit by bit with difficulty


    (of climbing).
    66 6(1 tJ ~
    666(JtJ~

    paag'khu' V 1. to be argumentative.

    2. to be unwilling to tell or admit, to be tightlipped.


    6 tJ eJ n66 tJ ~
    ~ ~

    in in

    LJ SJ1 66 tJ tJ ~ plaakhaj teu' N catfish.


    6

    l.J

    CJtJ~66tltJ~ khaja?'khajeu'

    V to feel

    j9ag 1 khu' V to freeze solid. slau 1 khu' V to be stem, firm, confi66 6(1 'd ~

    disgust, repugnance, loathing.


    ( 66 6'() 'd ~ ) khweu' (khweeu')

    6 ~tJ ~ 66; ~
    .,_,

    N district, region,

    dent (in one's manner of speaking).


    ~

    subdivision of a province .

    'Vl'd 66tl
    '

    huakhu' V to be obstinate, hard-headed.

    A1 Sl 66 6(1 1 ~ (A 161) saan'khweeu' (saan') N district court.


    666(1 'd'W khwen' V to hang, suspend.

    66tl ~ ( rl'U) khu'(ka::;)* V to compete (with).


    Uti~ tl'W
    .,_,

    kheukhan' V to compete.

    n 1 ~--

    com-

    petition, contest, game, match. o nl

    Lb 6(1 'd 'W'W 'd d-J khwennuam' idiom. to quit boxing: N compet"to hang up the boxing gloves."

    ~ ~ eJ'U 66 ~ ~ ~'W kaans~Jb'khukhan'


    1 Lb ~
    I

    itive examination. o
    6 tJ

    l~666CJ 'd'W 6 ~_,eJ


    to enter the comhanger.

    ( eJ'W) majkhwens9a' (?an')

    N coat

    ~ ~'W kh~w'kheukhan 1
    (Fl'W)

    petition. Fl'W-Q..l

    competitor, contestant. kh0.u 1 khukhan 1


    d

    L2J
    6

    kh6o' V 1. to be plenty~ much, many. sV 2. quite, very. o

    Fl66tl~tl'W
    Cij

    (khon 1 )

    competitor, rival.
    66 tJ ~ dJ 1

    lnSJ16(JeJ~ klaj'khoo 1 -juu~


    Cij

    It's quite far.

    ( FJ ~

    ~ ,

    'W ~ , 6 'fl tJ d ) ( 1) khu I maal; ( 2)

    .,_,

    1b(J n
    16CJ

    khoog' V to knock, rap, knock against, poke at.

    khumaa' 1. to race on horseback; to participate in horse racing. N 2. the races, horse races, horse racing (khrau', nad'); a (horse) race (thtaw').
    I

    ~ in u~ 16CJ ~

    m~ekh6ou' pN 1. the Mcekhong

    (Mekong) River, which forms a part of the border between '"Thailand and nations to the E. N 2. the brand name of a liquor made in Bangkok. -Also
    1.

    n 1 ~-- horse racing.


    N competitor,

    Fl 66 6(1 ~ Cij

    Fl'W) kh0ukhu' (khon')

    ~,~,~J 116CJ ~

    rival.
    JJ 1 66tl ~
    ( rl'd) maakhu' (tua')

    1~ ~
    N race horse.

    khoou' V 1. to be stupid, ignorant, silly. in VI eJ tJ 1~

    2. to be big and awkward.

    1~ 66tl ~
    66 6CJ ~
    '!.-'

    wtukhe:n' V to race. N shin.

    1"CJ ~
    16(1~

    l.J

    ~ ( l9l'd

    h3 j khoou' (tua')

    N a

    ( 6CJ 1 ~ ) kh~u'*(kh~au')

    kind of snail.

    666CJ~6CJ1,6CJ1666CJ~
    '!.-'

    (6CJ1~,6CJ1) kh~u 1 khaa 1, khaa 1 khu'


    N co 11 o q. legs.

    (16CJ~) khood' (khood') N knoll, mound. -Syn.

    (kh~au', khaa')

    1Fl n , 6tJ'W.
    16CJ(116~'W khood'kh8an' idem.
    1 (J'W
    6

    Slo1666CJ~ lamkhu' N 1. idiom. personal effort,

    endeavor. 2. shin (rarely used in this meaning;

    ( 1 ~ ~, rl'd) kh6on' N 1. a type of Thai drama.

    71
    2. the theater in which this type of drama is played (roou'). 3. actors or actresses of this type of drama (tua').

    1~~n

    khaj'dog' V {fowls) to lay eggs abundantly.

    1 6(J:W ~ kham~ou' rM used with A':l'W "smoke," AtJ


    9

    1~~ 11 khajdaaw' N fried egg. 1~ Lb~ ~ khajdeeu' N egg yolk. o b~'W1 ~ Ll~ ~ pen'khajdeeu' idiom.
    the middle (e.g. of a group, crowd).

    to be in

    "talk," to mean "in large amounts, profusely."

    1 6(] tJ n, -- L6(J tJ n khajoog', khajoog'khajeeg' v 1. to


    limp, hobble (in walking). 2. to wobble (as a table).

    1~;J.J khajt6m' N 1 ~'ll eJ n khajp~Jg'


    moved).

    hard-boiled egg. N boiled eggs {with shell re-

    16(JtJ~ (16(JtJ~) khaj~ou'(khaj~ou')

    N 1. group(of

    1~J.Jn ( L~~, ~ 1tJ)


    'I

    khajmug' N 1. pearl (med').

    people), party, company. 2. kin.

    2. (a string of) pearls

    (s~aj').

    -Also

    1~:wn~.,...
    'I

    1 6(]~ ~ khajoou' V to stand on tiptoe. -Also n ~ ~

    ~~ ~ , n~ ~ 1~~ ~ . b ~'W 1 6(] ~ ~ b ;(1 daan'khajoouthaaw'


    on tiptoe.

    to tiptoe, walk

    1~~ 1 n khajlt1ag' N soft-boiled egg. 1~1; khaj'waj' to lay eggs (and leave them). 1~~11'W khajw~an' N eggs prepared in light
    syrup, a kind of Thai sweet.

    16(]61n khloog' V to pound, crush to a pulp. -Syn.


    ~(1.

    l7ln1~ togkhaj' V eJeJn1~ com.


    J
    I

    eleg. to lay eggs. -Syn. See

    16(]61 ~ khloou' C herd {of elephants). 16(]

    't116(J ( 't1) thtikhaj' (thti') N breeding place,


    place where eggs are laid.

    kh~j' N 1. fat, grease. 2. marrow.

    16(J~'W kh~jman' N fat.

    rrn l~
    11

    fag'khaj'

    to hatch (eggs).

    16(J~'W~i~ kh~js~nlau' N spinal cord.


    o

    r~ 1 ~ ra:gkhaj' N ana t. ovary.

    1;16(J~'W~i~ khaj'kh~js~nlau' N polio. b~ti'W 16(] ( b ~ J.J, bb ~ ~ ) thiankh~j' (l~m', th~u')


    N tallow candle.

    ~ l~
    See

    waaukhaj' V e 1 eg. to lay eggs. -syn.

    eJeJnl~

    com.

    16(] ~ kh~j' V to unlock, open by unlocking.


    ll ;16(J

    k~ekh~j I

    V to correct, emend, amend,

    eJeJnl~ ?:,Jgkhaj' V com. to lay eggs. -Syn. L?Jn'WeJ~ lit.,eleg., 11~1~,L?Jn1~ eleg. 1; (eJ ~ 1 ~ , 6([{1~) kha.j' (jaa:g', chanfd') N fever,
    illness (characterized by fever). A'W-pe-r.son, patient. sick

    improve, revise, resolve (a bad situation).

    ; eJ 16(] (; eJ ) kh~Jkh~j I (khSJ') N solution (to a


    riddle, a mathematics problem).
    ru

    16(JneJn khajk5g' V 1. to turn the faucet on. 2.


    slang to urinate. [ neJn f. Eng. cock]
    16(JnqjLl~ kh~jkuncee' V to unlock (a lock), to
    'I

    turn the key (in order to unlock).

    1;16(J~'W~i~ khaj'kh~js~nl~u' N polio. 1;AeJ~'U kba.j'khJJtlib' N diphtheria. 1;~'U k'W khajcabsan' N e 1 e g. malaria, malarial fever. -Syn. 1;~ 1 co 11 o q. o bcU'W 1;~'Uk'W penkha.j'cabsan' to have malaria.
    16(J b ~'U khaj'ceb' N sickness. Chiefly in compounds. o
    ..... c;;

    16(JA1 ~ ( eJ'W) kh~jkhuau' (?an') N screwdriver. 16(JA 1 'l:W kh~jkhwaam' V to interpret; to uncover,
    disclose {the meaning).

    A11J.J--

    sickness, illness.

    1~ AJltJ 1; b ~ 'U

    ( eJ ~ 1 ~ , 6([{1 ~) r6ogphaj'kha.jceb'
    N disease, sickness.

    16(J'W 1cWn 1 kh~jnaalikaa' to wind one's watch,


    wind the clock. l ~ eJ'W16(] ( 6(J eJ) u~ankh~j' {kh~J') stipulation, proviso.
    d .....

    (jaa:g', chanfd')

    1 ;'Yl ~ 'W~
    N condition, Also

    khajthJJraphid' N e 1 e g. smallpox.

    L~A'Yl~cW~. -Syn. ~~1~

    com. -Syn.

    1 ~ (1'U, ~ eJ ~ , ~ n) cu

    khaj' {baj', fJJu', lt1ug')

    N 1.

    egg. 2. anat.,bot. ovum, ovule. 3. colloq., e up hem. testicles. V 4. to lay eggs, produce
    ....,

    1;~1 kha.jpaa' N colloq. malaria. 1;~'\.Jk'W eleg. 1;~ 1n~ 1~~eJtJ kha.jraagsaad'n5Jj' N
    Also

    typhoid.

    1 ~A- 1~A- -

    eggs. -syn. 3.

    ~neJt]ll~

    eleg.

    1;~ 1 n~ 1 ~ 1~~
    Also

    kbaj raagsaadl jaj I


    .

    N typhus .

    1 ~6(] 11 khajkhaaw' N egg white, albumen.

    I_

    72

    l;~ n1 ~ kh~j I sugsaj I N e l e g. -s y n. ~ ~ n ~1 ~ co 11 o q.


    9

    chicken pox. Something must have happened to him. o J'WA

    16(J'VfrJf11 kh~jwad' N fever due to a common cold.

    ~ u~ ~

    nan' kho:gpheeu' ~ That's sure to be

    kh~jwad'jaj' N influenza. 1; 6vr~eJ ~ kh~jlyau' N yellow fever. ~'U 1; cabkh~j/ v to have a fever. I,~ 'U l;, - -1 ~/~ 1 tJ cebkhaj I, cebkh~j I d~jpuaj I
    e lab. e l e g. to get sick, be sick. A 1 1 J.J '- sickness.
    J1tJl;

    o 1;'VfrJf111 vr~

    expensive. That must be expensive.


    A~~~ kho:gca~

    AA surely, sure to, bound to;

    will surely, would surely; most likely will, V probably will.

    A~ ( ~ ~) 1~ khou'(ca)m~j~

    surely (will) not, prob-

    ably (will) not, unlikely to. V eleg. to be sick, ill.

    puaj'kh~j'

    tJ~ A~ ja:gkho:g~, ja:gkhou' still, yet.


    o tJ~A~LJ~1ng;Jil ja:gkho:g'praakodmii' there still

    n1 ~-- being sick; sickness, illness. 1, ~'W l ~,, ~ 1 tJ-- penkh~j', puaj'penkh~j'
    f-J 1 n

    V to
    A~

    appears to be, apparently there still is.


    lfl

    have a fever, be feverish, ill with a fever.

    khou' V 1. to endure, remain, persist. 2. to be enduring, lasting, steadfast.

    ~f-J 1 nl; (n'U) faagphii'faagkh~j'-(ka~)

    e 1 a b.

    colloq., idiom. to ask (someone) to take care of one's body in the event of sickness or death.

    A~ n ~ ~ cW'W , A~ n ~ cW'W kho:gkraphanl, kho:gkaphan'


    V to be invulnerable.

    ~'W l; fyyn'kh~j'
    1

    V to recover, recuperate.

    A~ 66 n 6 ~ tJ'W kho:gkarian' V to be learned, erudite.


    A~ 'YJ'W

    16() 1' See entries below. 6(J rJn16() d khwagkhwaj I

    kho:g'thon' V to be resistant, durable. kho:gthti' V to be constant, invariable.

    V 1. tO move Or act pell-

    A~ 'YJ

    mell, helter-skelter. sV 2. pell-mell, helterskelter, to and fro, hither and thither, at random.
    16() 1' A; 1 khwajkhwaa' V to reach for, to grasp

    A~

    6 6i'WA ~ 1 1 kho:gs@n 1 kho:gwaa' V e 1 a b. co 11 o q.

    to be consistent.
    6 ~'WA ~ A5~

    :g8n'kho:gkhla:g 1

    N treasury reserves.

    ~'WA ~ m~nkhou'
    o
    Aru~JJ'W~ ~A
    ""'

    V to be steadfast, stable, firm


    ~

    at, to try desperately to get hold of (as a drowning person).

    (as in purpose), secure. 1 1d-Jd-J'WA ~


    khanamontrii'khwaam~

    16(11,;1~ khwajh~au'
    crossed. o

    V 1. to have one's legs


    A~
    m

    m~nkhou'
    .~

    N Security Council. pN the Salween

    crossed. sV 2. cross-legged, with legs

    in

    l6d-J'Wo1A ~ menaamkho:g 1

    River. river, sea, the waters.

    1f~l6(J~;1~ n~u'khwajh~au' to sit cross-legged. A~A1 kho:gkhaa' N lit. 1. 16(); khw~j' V 1. to cross. 2. to be twisted, 2. short for 66JJA~A1.
    crossed.
    16() ~, 66(J 1 khwajkhwee' V to be confused, mixed Ud-JA
    ~A

    1 mekho:gkhaa' N 1 it. the goddess of

    up, disorganized. confusion.

    A1 1 d-J--

    misunderstanding,

    66d-J'Wo1A ~A 1 menaamkho:gkhaa' pN the Ganges

    the waters .
    ~

    River.
    Aru'W 1 khananaa' V to count, calculate.
    Aru~

    ( Aru~) khana?l,

    khana~

    (khana?')

    N 1. (spe-

    cial) group, body; organization, team; party (e.g. "political party"). C 2. idem.

    A kbJJ/ LOW consonant. Pronounced kh initially,


    g finally.
    A~
    <9)

    Aru~

    n ~ ~ J.Jn 1 ~

    ( Abl.!,~, V~) khanakammakaan'


    9

    (khana?l, child')
    ~

    N committee; commission.
    Cj

    khou::: AA surely, sure to, bound to; most likely, probably.

    o Abl.!,~ n ~ ~ J.Jn 1 ~ 6(1 1 ~ 1 Vn 1 ~'V'Hi 6 ~

    eJ'W

    khanakamma~

    kaan'- kh~ara.adchakaan'phonlaryan' N Civil Service Commission.

    o Abi6A ~ VeJ'U khun'kho:gch~Jb' ~ You're sure to 9 like it. You'll probably like it.

    Abl.!,~ n ~ ~ d-J 1 fin 1 ~ khanakammaa'thfkaan' N com-

    73

    Fl'W

    C9)

    m1ttee; commission.

    2. element placed before verbs to form agent nouns, hence often equiv. to -er; sometimes similarly placed before nouns. C 3. elf. for human beings. e 1 e g.
    ~,
    'VXJ

    FlbiJ,~V1~ khana?lch~ad' nationalist; of the nationalist faction.

    o ~'WFlbiJ,~.:; ttf l ~ ciin'- khana?lch~ad' Chinese


    Nationalist.

    -s y n.
    1

    1. 6(i'W e 1 e g. 2, 3. ~
    C9),

    -See also 2. 6(f 1 ~


    66J.J, 6 (91 n.
    .:::;

    'W n

    C9),

    'W 1lJ , 'W l ~ ,

    Flb16~ ~l'lA JJ'W~ ~ ( FlbiJ,~ ) khan:i') '-theedsamontrii'


    (khana?l) N city council, municipal council.
    (

    eJ,

    o A'W 6(J 1lJ t'"d khonkhaajtua' N ticket- seller: "one


    who sells tickets.
    II

    FlblJ,~ d-JtJ ~ ~ Fl 1 1 d-J~'W Fl ~


    khwaamm~nkhou'

    Flb16~ )

    khanan1ontrii'::; N Security Coun-

    (khana?l)

    o fl'Wrl J (J khonkhrua' N cook: "kitchen-person." o A'W 'l TW khonuaan' N (unskilled) worker, work-

    cil.
    .. FlbiJ,~

    ;3 JJ'W~ ~

    ( Flb16~)

    khana?lnidthamontrii' (kha::;

    man, laborer: "work-person."

    na?l)

    N (the) cabinet, council of ministers.

    6fJ

    eJ J1t6U 'l ~ l 'lJ ;,1 tJ Fl'W


    d

    kh:SJ?anuj~ad'pajdfiajkhon'!

    A&~ khanfdl, khanid 1 ta::;

    N mathematics. Chiefly
    AOTW'db16.

    Permit (me) to go along. Here Fl'W is a elf. (a.nd short for Fl'WVl'W ~ ) ; hence the literal meaning is "Permit-go-also-one-person."

    1n compounds.
    cr

    -ct.

    Alil?l A1 r;j

    iJ1

    ~ khanid 1 tasaad' N mathematics.

    ~6(]A&l?l phid'chakhanfdl N algebra.


    6 ~ 6(J 1 ADlDl reekhaa'khanfd'
    6 6i
    6

    N geometry.

    NOTE. {1) Most words in which Fl'W

    is used

    uFlt~~l leeg'khanid/ N arithmetic.


    kh6d' V 1. to bend. 2. to be crooked (both

    as an agentive are listed under the appropriate verb or noun only. Hence to find FI'W

    bflt.JJl1cg,

    A l9l

    0)

    look under h fltJ. take Fl'W

    (2) All nouns based on WW

    literally and figuratively}. -Ant.


    'i>

    -s y n. Ln ~ .

    as their classifier unless otherwise ( Fl'W) is therefore omitted.

    ~d~.

    marked, and

    A l9l 6 ArrJ kh6dkhiaw'

    to be winding (as a road}.

    nSll ~ A'W klaaukhonl See under


    Fl'W n ~ ~ 6L.J 1 khonkrap~w'
    +

    n~ 1 ~

    Al91Fl~l ( l9HJ) khidkh6d'(t~:)::;) V to plan to betray.

    N fare collector on

    1~ Fl l9l
    A~l6(J 1
    :J

    cajkh6d' V to be crooked, dishonest.


    V to dip up, dish up (cooked rice).

    public conveyances

    A l9l l:J kh6d'

    A'W nSl1 ~ khonklaau' N 1. the middle one (in a

    kh6dkh~aw'

    to dip up (cooked} rice.

    group). 2. middlero.an, mediator, arbitrator. 3. one who is neutral.


    Fl'W rl'W 6 eJ

    A l"" 9l khadii'

    N 1. case, charge (legal). 2. 1 it. story,

    account. 3. 1 it. way, course. Often found as the last element in words of Sanskrit origin.

    ~ khonkan?eelJ' N an acquaintance, an

    intimate, an equal.
    A'W 6 01 khonk88d' N births (i.e. cases of birth).
    A1JtJ 'l (J6(i'l ~

    A~ eJ 161! 1 (A~) khadiil?aajaa/ (khadii')


    inal case.
    l?l 0 ~ Fl ~

    N crim-

    khonkh~ajch~ad' N traitor.

    t~u 'khadii 1
    d

    V to be accused, be under

    A'W1J 1 rJ
    'V

    khonkhaawl N reporter.

    accusation or prosecution.
    1 ~ ~biJ,Fl (91
    (

    A'W~J 6 ~ 1 khon'kh!in1aw' N dn1nkard. Contrast


    A'W 6dJ 'l one who is dn1nk (at the mon1ent),
    A'W

    6 d eJ ~ , 6 Sl JJ) wan'nakhadii' (r9au',

    lem')
    81 d Fl
    "" (91
    (

    N literature.
    6 d eJ '~ ''Ufl) saa'rakhadii' (ryau', bod')
    d

    16'; khonkh~j
    6

    N sick person, patient. 2. the user.

    Fl'WL'rJ khonchaj' N 1. servant.

    N (written) article, account (non-fiction).


    eJ d ~ blFl ~ ?ad'thakhadii' N law case.

    ~ nFl!J 16'J

    degkhonchaj

    N servant boy, servant

    girl.
    AIJ 6 ffiJ 1 Fl'W6ln khonth~w'khonkrc:'

    F1 ~ ( 6(J eJ, 'U fl) khatl? l (kh~J', bod') N 1. moral precept ethical teaching; hence sometimes motto, maxim. 2. way, course.

    N e lab. colloq.

    old people, elderly people. N waiter.


    Fl'W 6 ~lJ 1 khondiaw' alone, unaccompanied, by

    J.JL'WFl~ manoo'khatl'?/ N lit. idea, thought.


    A111 ( erw) khathaa' ('?an')
    C9) (

    N e 1 e g. mace, club. N com. 1. person.

    oneself (referring to a person).


    A'W1[9l {1} khondaj' (2) khon'daj 1

    A'W

    A'W)

    khon 1

    (khon')

    1. any (person),

    I~

    Fl'\J

    C9)

    74
    e.g. ll'Vl1SFl'WlA thah<lan/khondaj/ any soldier. come a bad person.
    Fl'W LJ khon' V to stir (a liquid), stir up (ingredients).

    2. anyone, anyone who, whoever.


    Fl'\Jiil1tJ khontaaj/ N deaths (i.e. cases of death,

    o Fl'Wn1lb'Yl khon/kaafee' to stir (one's) coffee.


    Fl'W

    persons dead).
    Fl'Wll~'V!G11tJ
    t;

    kh6n' V to search (for), seek.


    Fl'WFl 'l1

    khontMuUiajl everyone, everybody,

    kh6nkhwaa/ V 1. to search (for). 2. to

    people in general.
    Fl'Wrl'Jl'\J khonthOapajl N people in general, the

    do research.

    n 1 :i -

    research.

    'II

    --

    re-

    searcher, (scientific) investigator.

    public.
    Fl'\J llltJ khonthajl N Thai person. Fl'\J'\J eJ n
    ~

    o llo1n 1 Hl'WFl 'l1 thamkaan'kh6nkhwaa/ to do


    research.
    Fl'W'\'l'U kh6nph6b' V to find out; to discover. Fl'W'Vl1 kh6nh<la' V to search for, look for.
    Iii s 'l ~ Fl'W truad/kh6n/ V

    khonn~~g/

    N an outsider.

    Fl'Wl'W khonnaj/ N an insider. Fl'W l '\J S tJ 'l khonprtaw/ N idiom. a flirt (woman). Fl'W l S 1 khon/raw/ N we people, we humans. Fl'\JG1:::; khonla:::: 1. per person, a person; 1st ex-

    to search (e.g. a person

    or place for concealed objects).


    'Vld.Jl tJ ;'W ( 'U, !M:::: 0'u)

    m<lajkh6n' (bajl, chabiib')

    ample. 2. different, each different, each its own, each one's own; examples 2-5. In the second meaning the expression does not nesessarily have any reference to people. o
    Fl'U
    C9J

    N search warrant.

    kh6b' V to associate with, be friends with. kh6bkhaa/ (ka::::) V to associate (with),

    Fl 'U Fl1 ( rl'U )

    be friends (with).
    Fl'UAA ( rl'U)
    'II 'II

    1;mr~~eJFl'\JG1:::: l~:W
    per person!

    Mjnaus5Jy/khonlal@m/!

    kh6bkhfd/ (ka::::) V to conspire. (a woman)

    Give each one (person) a book! Give a book


    d

    Fl'U'I.IG1'Cl1tJ kh6bchUu'-suu/chaaj/ V

    to have a lover or lovers, have men.


    Fl'U'Vl1 ( rl'U) Fl'U LJ ( el'\J) Fl'U l '\'1~ ~

    o Fl'WSl:::: l S eJ ~ khonla1'9au/ a different matter,


    problem, story; as in 'W'W:W'WFl'Wii1:::: l
    '\.J Ql

    kh6bMa'(ka::::) V to associate (with). kh6b' (?an/) N torch.

    ......

    d SeJ~

    n~n/

    mankhonla1'9au/! That's a different problem. o


    ~

    ( el'W)

    kh6bphl;:J;:JU' (?an/) N torch.

    1 G1 eJ HI'W'WFl'\Jii1:::: i:i ph~a/ s~~uph5Jyn/ -nti/ khon::::

    ;t

    Fl:W khom' V 1. to be sharp (of edged objects, of

    las rv! These two pieces of cloth are of different colors. o Jil 1 ~ A'W lil1 ~ n :w m s f'l 'W:::: A'W ii1:::: eJ tJ 1 ~ taaukhon'
    taauk~mii/ -thad'sana?'khonlajaau'! Each
    I I ,:;;.,.

    claws). 2. to be shrewd, sharp. N 3. sharp edge.


    1.
    Q

    ---Dist. Lb'Vliii:W

    "sharp-pointed." ---Ant.

    l1 eJ .

    Fl:Wn S'U khomkrlb' V to be razor-sharp. Fl:WF11tJ

    separate person has a different viewpoint. o

    khomkhaajl V 1. to be attractive and

    Fl'\JG1::::l~Fl'\JG1::::~eJ

    khonlamaaj/khonlamyy/ elab.

    bright-looking. 2. to be witty.
    Fl:W61''W khoms<ln' V to have clean-cut features,

    colloq. each a hand, as in

    ~'JtJrl'W-- chQaj/::::

    kan/- khonlamaaj /khonlamyy/ each one gives a helping hand.


    ~nA'W

    be handsome (referring to men).


    lii1Fl:W taa/khom/

    1. to be bright-eyed.

    2. idiom.

    thugkhon/ everyone, everybody.

    to have sharp eyes, be a keen observer.


    lb'V!G1:WFl:W Ieem'khom/ V 1. to be sharp and pointed.

    'U 1 ~ Fl'W baaukhon/ com. someone, some (refer-

    ring to people), some people. el eg.

    -..s y n.

    'U 1 ~ l11 'W

    2. idiom. to be quick-witted, clever, smart.


    Fl:W'W 1 Fl:W khommanaa'khom/ N communication.

    l~'W;l~'WFl'W 'II
    ~Fl'W

    penphOu'penkhon' V elab. colloq.


    Fl

    ---Also

    n1s--.

    to be presentable, like a normal human.


    (Fl'W) phOukhon/ (khon')

    s n ( 1'U , 61 n ) khr6g' (baj ' lQug/) N mortar 'II


    (a grinding bowl).
    1'l'WF1 s n ( n s ::::'UeJn) pyynkhr6g/ (krab~;:,g/)

    N people.

    Jl1'Ef1 Fl'\J phaaslakhon' N human speech. l6 s ~ Fl'W reeukhon' N manpower.


    b ~tJFl'\J

    mil it. mortar. [tr.f. Eng.]


    Fl s 'U khr6b' V 1. to complete.

    slakhon' to lose one's integrity, to be-

    2. to be complete

    flHJ

    75

    flH

    "'

    (generally of a stipulated quantity, a set, a cy-

    fl

    nn kharahaa/
    slander.
    0J (

    V 1. censure; to blame. 2. to

    cle).
    o

    i:Jl-JtJ~ ~8"/HH 1~fl :i'IJ b6HJ


    (I need) yet.

    pMm/- ja:os)lykh~:J:O/

    fl S 8 n
    ~

    fl S 8 n)

    khr~:Jg/ {khr~bg/)

    N litter, brood.

    m~jkhr6b/l88jl I haven't bought everything

    'I.Jfl :i 8 n

    khiikhr~bg/

    N de r o g., co 11 o q. slave

    (an appellation). mii/saly:o/

    ~61~~~~m:J"l'Ul'\~fl:i'U'U1'tl

    phy:o/~

    fl :J 8 n

    LJ

    in

    fl :J e1 n

    khr~:Jgkhr~:Jg/

    i mit. the sound

    bancob/ h~jkhr6b/ooad/ l If you have a quarter, you should save it until you complete a baht. fl :1'\J bld'\J khr6bthfian/ V to be complete, full, entire. fl. :l. l-J. kh:J:Jr:J:Jm:J:J/. Abbrev. for flbJi,~ i'~:w'U~ S o Fl :l 8 ~

    of snoring, of gargling, of a monkey scolding. khr:J:J:O I


    V 1. to rule, rule over. 2. sa c.e r.

    to wear, put on. flHHV'V'l khr:J:J:!)/chiib/ V to make a living.

    n 1 :l-- living, making a living.

    khami?/radthamontrii/ the cabinet {of ministers of state). t:J:J/. fl:iHI khan/ N 1. eleg. womb. 2. pregnancy. -Also said as
    khana?/r:J:Jm:J:J~

    A1 fl HH V'V'l kh~alkhr:J:J:!)chiib/ N cost of living.


    maad/trathaan/kaan~
    khn:J:ochiib/ N standard of living.

    o ;w 1 ~ s... ~ 1'\J n 1 sA s 8 ~ v'V'l


    ~'\J

    fl :l 8-1

    khr:J:J:!)/ton/ to live the life (of, e.g.

    -sy n.
    .'

    1.

    J.J~lfln
    'IJ

    com. 2.

    118~

    com.

    bachelor, hermit, etc.). fl :J 8 1 iil1 khr:J:J:!)/tua' idem. rJ81 fl S eJ ~ bbi:J'\J~'\J khr:J:J:!)/phE:ndin/ V to reign. fl S 8 ~ :J 1'1161J.J0'~ khr:J:J:!)/r~adchas6mb.id/ to reign.

    fl :l :l Jlbbn khan/kE:f:/ V e leg. 1. to be in full pregnancy. N 2. full pregnancy. bbn com.


    a; .~~fl:i:lJl t~:okhan/

    -Syn.

    V eleg. 1. to conceive, be in

    Fl S 8'\Jfl S 8 ~ khr:bbkhrJ:J:O/ V 1. to govern, control. 2. to take possession of, occupy.


    ~l-Jfl

    early pregnancy. 2. to be pregnant.


    ~

    -Syn.

    "-'

    ~Hl81

    com.
    "-'

    :l 81 khumkhr:J:J:O/ V to protect, give protec-

    rJ ~ ~ fl :l d' Jl so:okhan/ V roy. to be enceinte, pregnant. i:J fiH fl

    tion to, watch over.


    ~,fl:l8~

    -s y n.

    "' 8 ~ . see J.JrJ

    (fl'U) khQukhr:J:J:O/ (khon/)


    ~

    N spouse, mate.

    '

    s ~ Jl

    phadu:o/khan/ V 1. e leg. to render

    -+S y n.

    '

    "' b fl LJ 1 .

    care and treatment during pregnancy and childbirth. N 2. eleg. midwife. -+Syn. 2. Vll-J8
    ~'1bbLJ colloq.

    'IJ n fl s 8 -1 pogkhr:J:J:O/ V to rule, govern. See


    cross- reference.

    D fil fl :J 81
    (fl'\J) phted/-phadu:o/khan/ fl :l eJ'IJ

    jjdkhrJ:J:O/ V to occupy, take possession

    bb'V'lrJLJi:J~~flnJl

    of (by force).
    khr~:Jb/

    {khon/)

    N e l e g. obstetrician.

    V to cover up.
    khr~:Jbkhr:J:J:O/

    rl1nflSHI(rl'U)faagkhan/(ka~) V eleg. tohave


    prenatal care (at) .

    fl S 8'\J fl :l 8 ~

    V 1. to govern, control.

    ~flnJl miikhan/ V eleg. to be pregnant. -Syn.

    .-

    2. to take possession of, occupy. fl :J 8'\J fl i"l ( fl :J 8'\J fl i'1 ) khr:'bbkhrua/ (khr~:Jbkhrua/)

    N family. Fl S 1bl/
    0J

    khruan/ V 1. to groan, moan, lament. 2.

    fl :J 8'\J ~'1 khr~:Jb:oam/ V 1. to shelter, shield, cover. 2. to overwhelm, overpower {of emotion, temptation, etc.).

    slang to croon (as a popular singer). fl :l 1bl/FI :l1 ~ khruankhraa:o/ V to moan and groan {in prolonged distress). fl f1Fl :J 'lbl/ khr~mkhruan/ V to lament, to sob and moan. fl S 8:W 1. to lament, moan, cry.
    '

    rJ 1 fl S eJ'IJ ( 1'IJ ) faakhr~:Jb/ {baj /) N cover, dish


    cover (used to keep out insects).
    khr~bm/

    V 1. to bridge, put across, put over.

    1eJ fil fl :l 1 bl! ? oodkhruan/ v


    Fl:l'lbl/
    LJ

    2. to impose, superimpose, put one over the other. 3. to be astride, to straddle, bridge.

    2. slang to squawk, complain. in

    lfl;fl~'lbl/ khr~jkhruan/

    V to contem-

    fl :J

    "'

    ~ khr~:o/
    "-'

    N sealing wax; lacquer.

    plate, consider carefully.

    olJAi'~ khiikhra:o/ N colloq. sticklac, i.e. lac in

    '

    76
    d.,;

    ."

    d.-

    0./

    its natural state before being refined for use.

    ASti6'Wt!flS'Wiii'd khr11nnya'khr11ntua' V elab.

    rl'J A t1
    Fl
    :!:< ~- ~

    ( ~~1)

    tuakhr11u' (tua')

    N scale-insect
    ~

    colloq. idem.
    fl Stl khnin' Cj when. :t: As W6lSI 'l khranltew' and then, then.
    v

    (the lac-producing insect). khrau' C 1. time, instance. 2. elf. for an event, incident, occurrence. 3. at the time of, atthetimewhen. -Syn. 1,2. See
    A~1rl.

    A :l'U khrab' Pt de f. m. s p.

    1. particle used as the

    final element of statements and questions; 1st and 2nd examples. 2. Yes (in answer to a question); 3rd example. 3. particle placed after name, title or kin term to address or call the attention of someone; 4th example. 4. Yes? (as a reply when called or spoken to); 5th example. --Syn. '~eJi''U eleg. def. m. sp. --Cf. -See also the variant

    o o

    "lit!~ A~:~:<~ 1V1b'~


    ~
    :!:<

    chana?lkhninjajl a great victory.

    eJ ~A :J ~
    '

    :!:<

    s:"bnkhdlJ' two times, twice.

    A :J.:: fl u'W khrauk:.::m' last time, the time before;

    previously, formerly.

    Ad:~:<~ An 1 , l DtJ-:!:< AS ~lLH1


    ~

    khran'khraaw', penkhrau'::::

    khraawl at intervals, on occasion. khranrtc:g 1 the first time. najkhra:urtc:gl in the first place,

    A~, A~,
    e!~
    Gil.

    'IJ 1 de f. w. s p.

    1'WFl ~ ~ l6 s fl
    ~

    the first time.

    o tJ eJ L'tl"efA i''U kh3:JtMod 1 khr:ib'i

    Excuse me.

    o b U'WA s ~ bl s n penkhra:urtc:g' for the first time.


    As 'l 66611 f1 s 'l L61 ., khra:u'lsc:w'- khra:u'111w' time
    ~ ~

    -S't~ifv'lfl1~~ti~Aru

    wannfi' '?aakaad'diil-na::::

    khrab'i It's a fine day, isn't it?

    and again.
    A l 'lV1tl ~ khniun)1J' khrau'nyu 1. one time, once.
    ~

    o Ai''U khrab'l Yes, (it is). o fl~:WlcWlilfl;'U khunmaanfd'khrab'i Manid? o A ;'U khrab' i Yes?
    ~

    2. once upon a time.


    ~

    '

    ,_,

    o A a 'l V1'W HI UJ klmi:urry:u' jatJmii:::: once there


    was ... (beginning a story).
    :!:< '

    ( V1eJ

    , fl

    'J) khrual N 1. kitchen (MD' khrua').


    ll l S--

    2. family (khrua').

    cookery, cooking.

    Ad~ 1V1bl! khra:ojaj' a great event.


    ~flA l ~
    ~

    fl'W- - cook. fl d el'U fl

    :!:<

    thUgkhra:u' every time.


    ~

    r') (fl s el'U fl ;-J )


    N family. (Ai''J LSfJh\)
    d '

    khr~:Jbkhrual (khr5:Jb::::

    'U '11 A l

    baa:okhra:u' sometimes.

    khrua')
    AS'd bSeJti
    d
    ~

    'U 1 ~A~ ~ 'U 1 'l A a 1 1 baa:okhni:o'baa:ukhraaw' e I a b.

    :!:<

    khruaryan' (khruaryan')
    ~

    colloq. from time to time, now and then, sometimes, occasionally, once in a while.
    6U'WAn 6'lJ'WA:l11 penkhni:o'penkhraaw' elab.
    "

    N family; household.
    l A HH A S'J
    ( l F1 ~ 8 ~, elU H, ~J:::ttiJI)

    khr}la:ukhrua/

    "i

    (khr}latJ', jaa:ut, chanfd/)

    N kitchen utensils.

    colloq. occasionally.

    rhFl

    :i''d
    v

    thamkhrua' V to do the cooking; to cook,

    "' ~ 6IJ'WVI611 tJ AS~


    lj.Ji:JA
    d

    penlaajlkhra:o' many times, on

    prepare food.
    'Y'le:JAn Ll:Wfl (At!) (At!)

    many occasions.
    :!:< s~

    pM:Jkhrua' (khon') mtekhnJa' (khon')

    N cook (male).
    N cook (female).

    ( '11) m)lakhra:o'(thii::::) when, at the time

    a 'd

    (in the past) when.


    t: Vl611 tJ As ~ Vl611 tJ fl s l laajkhra:o'laajkhraa' e I a b.

    ~'Jtlfl;'d
    V1eJ ~ fl

    ( 6lV1~, 6iTW)

    si:iankhrua 1 (hE:tJI, suan 1 )

    N kitchen garden, vegetable garden.

    eleg. several times, many a time.


    V1611tJAnVIiil1tJVI'W laajkhni:u'Liajh6n'
    ~

    S-:J ( Vli:J ~)

    h:;tJkbrua' (h~u')

    N kitchen

    elab.

    fl S l khraa' C e I e g. time, occasion.

    -+S y n. See

    eleg. several times, many a time.


    A SD1. See

    An'l. :t: VISI1 tJ AS H1G ltJ A S'l laajkhr:i:u'Iaajkhraat e 1 a b.

    A Hl in A :J UJA S'W
    l-

    khraamkhran 1

    much, very.

    eleg. several times, many a time.


    AS 1 "' khr11a' V 1. to carry off by force, abduct.

    A ltJ khdn' V

    to feel feverish; to get chilled. to be afraid, scared. hot and cold, as the

    "" A HJA

    a UJ khr11nkhraam' V A fwii'J khdntua' V to feel


    first symptoms of a fever.

    2. to ruin, destroy.
    F1S1 lB.
    AS 1 fl

    See

    flS,'iAn.

    khr11ag' V to be overstr-etched, overex-

    77
    panded, stretched out of shape.
    A :i 1 f1 1 .

    AS 'I 'J Vl'W 1


    &

    khraawn~a'

    next time, on the next

    See

    LFl S nfl S cl n .
    2. to hum.

    occasion.
    A l11 Vl'W ~ khraaw'nyu once, one time, on one

    As 1 ~ khraau' V 1. to moan, groan.


    AS 1qjFI :J 1 ~

    khruankhraau' V to moan and groan


    AS
    N 1. rake; harrow;

    occasion.
    v

    (i.n prolonged distress).


    f11 llil (

    l'J'Vl61~

    khraawlau' next time, on the next

    eh.!)

    khraad' (?an')

    occasion.

    currycomb. V 2. to rake; to curry.


    f"l Sl1J (

    'lf~J AS

    I 'l chfiakhraaw' temporarily, for the time

    ~ eJ, Jl'U)

    khnian' (t:J:JI, ka::::) V to have no

    being; temporary.
    'QfiA:i1'l thugkhraaw' everytime.
    '\J ll As 'l '\J l 'I A~ l 'd
    :!::

    desire or inclination (to do something); to be apathetic (about); to be tired (of), fed up (with).

    baa:ukhra:u'baaukhraaw' e lab.

    d1tJ "1 fl S 'l'W


    A :J -1'\J

    kladkhnian' V e 1 e g. to be lazy.
    'U

    co 11 o q. from time to time, now and then, sometimes, occasionally, once in a while.

    .....s y n. ij b n f) '1
    ( fl

    m.
    (khr~abl)

    s 1'U)

    khdab'

    N 1. slough,

    'U 1-1
    "

    A~-

    11 baa:ukhraaw' sometimes.

    cast-off skin. 2. deposit, incrustation; dirt (on one's skin). 3. perspiration stains. 4. scum, slimy residue.

    6 U'WA

    s~

    1;

    l 1J'WA 31 'l penkhrau'penkhraaw' occasion-

    <"i

    ally.
    A~ ll

    pen'khraawkhraaw' at intervals,

    l~:WFI:iHJ temkhr~alY idiom.,colloq. tothe


    fullest extent, to one's full satlsfaction. Used of filling the stomach.
    61uflri~
    .,)

    at times .
    6 ll iJ i'1 S 11 m9akhraaw' at the time when.

    A I cl 'l

    '1

    khr~awkhr:law'

    sV briefly, sketchily, in
    '

    l'U l:':bgkhr~ab'

    V 1. to molt, slough. o

    roughoutline.
    yj
    'IJ

    -+Also ut:Jl"--

    2. slang to strip (someone) of clothing.


    fl:i1;W
    (9)

    1'18 t.J 1 ~A :i l 'l

    '1

    phfiud'jaaukhr~awkhdaw'

    khraam' N 1. indigo (the substance). 2.

    roughly speaking.
    A f1 khraml N refuse water, sewer water.

    bluing.
    [iltJflnd-J (&1U) t6nkhraamt (tbn') N indigo (the

    -Also

    1t 1- - namkhram '

    plant).
    ClllJAal!J
    ('B'W) laajkhraam' (chin')

    '"J. See the entries below.


    N china
    .,)

    rl ~-1A S 'I khr:lmkhda'

    V to be very old and shabby,

    having a design in indigo. Usuaily refers to antique Thai (Siamese) ware. _,.Also
    lA:iu~--.

    worn out by age .


    A f1A

    S khr!lmkhry?t

    V to be too old (for use;

    1 AS1 JJ s Iikhraam' N 1. indigo, the color indigo. V 2. to be indigo-colored.


    AS 1 J.J 1-"l See LA a :W A a 1 :W AS 1 :W khniamt V to be timid, afraid.
    ,0

    in age).
    A f1 1-"l in
    ' A flA :i 'lqj khdmkhruan' V to lament,

    to sob and moan.


    A s'1 m in A f1 l An ( ~ 8,

    lw) khr~mkhr~u'

    (6::1::::,

    A HlA S l:W

    khr~nkhniam'

    V to be afraid, scared.
    :!:: AS~

    naj::::) V to be absorbed, engrossed (in); to be intent (on something); to be hard at it.


    ~

    A:i lJJAStl khraamkhran' much, very. Aa11 khraaw' C time, occasion.


    ~

    --..s y n.
    eleg.

    , WW,

    A~Gi[il,A~Gi[il- khrid', khrfd'ta::::, khrfs'::::, khrflsa::::


    N Christ. [f. Eur.]

    TI com., rH
    0

    :!::

    colloq., FIS'I

    ~ ~:;; lbtllil rl J 1 d piilapeed'khraaw' eight times


    a year.

    A~8[il.fn~ ,AS8[il- khrflsacag', khrfs'cag' N 1.


    Christendom. 2. church, the church.

    ~1'lAS11

    khaawkhraaw' N news (esp. one's

    As 8 fil rfn s 1li khrid'tasagkaraad', khrfd'sagkaraad'

    personal news), tidings.


    !:0 AS~

    the Christian era.

    --..Abbrev.

    A.~.

    __.Also

    Aa 11 khniu'khraaw' at intervals; on occasion. U'W khraawk?nnl the time before, on the

    As 8 [il ~ n khrfd'tasog' lit. A s8 [il ~ l8'W 'l khrfd'tasaadsan<la', khrfd'saadsanaa'

    AS

    'I 'l f1

    last occasion.
    AS 1 'J ~:;; khraawla:::: each time.

    N Christianity.

    fiS6irl:lJ18,A~Gi[il- khrflsam~ad' Christmas. [f.Eng.]

    "'

    78

    fl Sill
    'U

    fl~Giiil~ khrfsltaul, khrflsataul N Christian (usually Roman Catholic). (f. Port.]


    fl S61 l ~ 1J 'W khrf sltianl, khrflsatianl N Christian

    rumbling of thunder, the sound of a heavy body


    ..., fl 'W .

    tumbling down. 2. the sound of laughter. See entries below.


    J-'

    (usually Protestant). [f. Eng.]


    fl ~9J ( fl ~9J, el'W) khrtibl (khrtibl, ?ani)

    fl~nfl~'W

    "'

    khcygkhcyynl V to be merry, hilarious,

    N fin.

    A~:W khriiml N cream. [f. Eng.]

    full of fun . ..., fl !'W l fl ~ ~ khcyynkhreeul idem.


    AS eJ khryyl V to fit, be of proper size or shape. fl

    r khcy?l V to be old, old-fashioned. fl ~,1fl r khdmkhcy?l v to be too old. fl rn . See entries below.
    A
    fl n fl f'W khcygkhcyynl

    SeJ rl'W
    (

    khryylkan

    to be about the same, just the

    same.
    fl

    to be merry, hilarious,

    s
    9

    19J, lil n)
    'U

    khru?l {bajl, 111ug1)

    N a water pail

    full of fun.
    fl

    woven of bamboo and made tight by calking.

    rn 1fl ~ :w
    d

    khcygkhrooml

    to be noisy, boister-

    fl;

    lfl

    kharu?l V 1. to be hard, heavy. 2. to be stressed, accentuated.

    ous, clamorous.
    A~~ khr1ul
    d

    Nm half. -co mp.


    ...,

    l A'\>!-.

    fl ~'fl
    9

    ( !il'd)

    khnidl (tual)

    N the Garuda, a mythical

    o n 1 ll 'W fl H m 1J kaafu;lkhr1utMajl half a cup of coffee.


    fl ~ ~
    .J
    d

    bird.
    fl ;'W.
    9

    See entries below. khrQnlkhfdl V to brood, to meditate

    1n611 ~ 1 khr1ukhr1u 1 klaauklaau 1 partially,


    I

    fl ~'WAA

    half-way, half-done.
    fl ~ ~Iii 1 fl ~ ~ khr1ult~;-,khr1ul half and half, fiftyd

    pe rs i stentl y (about) .
    ' "' "' fl;'W'Wn, 'Wnfl;'W khrQnlnygl, nyglkhrQnl V to keep

    fifty, (in) equal (parts).


    fl H Vl'W ~ khryulnYD one half. l A el'Wfl
    d
    "' d
    d d
    9

    thinking.
    fl ~ d-J lAS eJ

    khrumkhryal V to be ambiguous, unclear,

    ~ ~

    dyanlkhr1DI a month and a half.


    d

    indistinct. See also fllil d-J . 9


    fl ~
    'U

    l '111 fl ~ ~ , Vl'W ~-- tMwlkhr1ul, n)rntMwlkhr1u 1

    ( fl'W)

    k:hruul (khonl)

    N 1. teacher (general

    one and a half times (as much, as big, etc.). o 61 eJ ~ l 'Yl1 fl


    &' ~ :W

    term). T 2. title placed before first name of a teacher. P 3. I, me, Teacher (teacher sp.); you, he, him, she, her, Teacher (sp. to or about a teacher). a degree. -Dis t. eJ 1 ~ 1 S 1J -Syn. fl!Jifl
    9

    ~ ~

    s3;-,ulth.iwkhr1ul two and a half

    times (as much, as big, etc.).


    fl
    @J

    khryml V to be cloudy, overcast, shady,


    ..., &'

    "'

    teacher who has

    gloomy.
    &'

    s
    'U

    de f.

    flHJ'W1fl~:Wf.l'W

    khcymfaalkhcymfOnl V elab.
    &' ~ d-J f.l 'W

    fl

    'U

    ~ 1Vl~

    khruujaj I

    N headmaster, headmistress,

    co 11 o q. to be very cloudy, be overcast, to look like rain. -+Also fl


    J.JAfl
    "' &' ~:W

    principal.
    fl!Jifl S khunkhruu I
    9 'U

    P de f. 1. you, he, him, she,

    m)Tydkhrym 1 V to be overcast, cloudy;

    her, Teacher (sp. to or about a teacher). T 2. title placed before first name of a teacher.

    to be overshadowed, darkened.
    aJ.JAaJ.J r(\mlkhryml V to be nice and shady,
    ' &'

    ~J'Wfl S
    'U

    chankhruul masterful, first- rate.


    'U

    cool and shady.


    AS J.J ll khcyml V 1. co 11 o q. to be strange, unu&'

    1'1.1 1 fl a
    'U

    wfchaakhruul N education (as a subject


    d d

    of study).
    fl a khrQul C moment.
    ' d fl~'l-I'W1, fl~

    sual (of behavior); see example. 2. to be in high spirits. o


    ~Jt &' 'J'W'Wl'/J1lnAASd-JeJ~
    Q

    -syn.

    tis~

    b AIJ 'd, bliW 'd.

    l&' a'/J'Wd-J1

    bAIJ'd

    "'

    khrQulnYD, khrQuldiawl (for)

    wannfil khawk8dd:::
    'U

    a moment.
    fl s'1 vr~, fl ;1 vr~
    'U

    khryml?arajl- kh?nmaal ~ What has come over


    him today?
    fl a J.J1 ~ khcymcajl
    &'

    khrQulja.jl, khrQuljajjajl {for)

    a long moment, a long while.

    to be in high spirits, highly


    'U

    J'd fl;

    'U

    chQakhrQul (for) a moment.

    pleased and bursting with happiness.


    fl !'W, fl !'W

    fl ~A khrt1ud 1 V to scratch, scrape against, rub

    khryynl, khryynkhryynl i mit. 1. the

    against.

    79
    1'1 iiHJ
    khl:J~I

    Fl611'W

    @J

    V 1. to accompany (as piano with

    move out of sight. 2. to turn one's back.


    'U 18 A&1 e.J lJ
    baajlkhl:S~V

    voice). sV 2. side by side.


    bA'Wfl61e.J bfl~lJ da~mlkhl:J~khlial to walk side by

    the late afternoon.

    A&l:;; khla?l V to be assorted, mixed.


    ~

    side, close together.


    1'161 e.J lfl
    .._,

    A61n

    khl~gl

    V colloq. to be present in large num-

    khl:J~I

    V (tears) to well up, moisten (the


    Ail

    hers, to be numerous.
    ( LbVIl, Ail) khla:gl (ht:gl, khla:gl)

    eyes) . o 'Wo11J11f161eJIJI1 mimtaal-khl:J~Itaal (her) eyes were wet with tears; tears moistened (her) eyes.

    N treasury,

    storehouse. Chiefly in compounds. finance, financial matters.


    ~

    n 1 S--

    n :J J..IFJ611 kromkhla:gl Treasury Department.

    FJ61'1i~111 ( bbVI~) khla:glphadsadu?l (ht:gl) N 9


    canal, watercourse.
    '

    storehouse.

    AGJ~ e.JeJ:W~'W
    FJ61 e.J ~ khl!'l:gl* V to be active, nimble, fluent. fl 1 1 :W--

    ( 66~1)

    khla:gl?~~ms'!nl (he:gl) N

    (Thai) government savings bank.

    fluency (of speech), skill, expertness, proficiency.


    fl61 e.J ~ bbfl61 1 , bbFI61 1 Fl61 e.J
    ~

    b~'WA1AGJ~ :ganlkho:gkhla:gl N treasuryreserves.


    FJGt1

    khl~:gl V to be delirious; to talk in one's sleep


    or in fever .

    khl!'l:glkhltwl, khltwlkhl!'l:gl

    V 1. to be skillful, clever, nimble, agile. 2. to be fast (in doing things). 3. to be fluent (in speech).
    'W 111 FJ61 e.J ~ phtludkhl ~:g I
    'IJ

    .v .., A&l ~ l Fl61 khl~:gkhl<ijl V to be crazed; to be mad

    about, infatuated with.


    A61d-JAGt1

    V to speak fluently,

    Ad-JA611 khumlkhl~:gl V 1. to lose one's temper.


    9

    .., 9

    khh1mlkhl~:gl

    V to be delirious, crazed.

    smoothly, in a facile manner.


    Fl&1 e.J
    ~
    @J

    2. to be mad, insane.
    'U 1 Fl

    khl:S~:gl

    V 1. to rope, lasso, snare (esp.

    t1

    ~alkhl~:g I

    V to be mad, insane. s V e 1 a b.

    elephants). 2. to wear loosely (e.g. a scarf).


    Fl &1 e.J ~ lfl
    khl:S~:g 1

    mf'U A611 8 A 'U A611 khl<ibkhlaaV khlabkhlaa I


    '

    V 1. to rhyme. 2. to be in ha r-

    colloq. not for sure; vaguely, indistinctly.


    Fl &11 in A611 Fl611 khlaalkhl~ml V 1. to be loaded

    mony.
    ~

    1'161 e.J ~ hi e.J

    ( n'lJ )
    ~

    khl:S~:gc~~u I ( ka:::)

    V to rhyme,

    with, full of, replete with. 2. to be crowded, packed .

    harmonize (with).

    ..,

    ~e.JI11FJ61eH(n'1J)

    s:J~dlkhl:S~:gl-(ka:::)

    V tobein

    1'1 &111bbA611 ,

    --1 hi

    khlaa:gkhl:gl, khlaa:gkhl:gl cajl

    line (with), in agreement (with).


    1'161 e.J 111 khl~~dl V e leg. to bear, to give birth. A61 e.J lil'U IJI :1 khEbdbudl V e leg. to bear a child,
    9

    to feel suspicious, have doubts. 1'1 1 1:W--

    suspicion, doubt, skepticism.


    A611 A
    khl~adl

    V to miss, fail to join.

    to give birth. -syn.


    'II

    n 1:1-- childbirth, delivery.


    eleg., e.Je.Jn61n
    'II

    A&llA b A&l e.J'W khliadkhl9anl V to deviate, be off,

    A61e.JI1161n

    com.

    be different (from the original). tion, discrepancy, error.

    Fl11:W--

    devia-

    A61eJI1161n khl!'l~dltlugl idem. 'IJ ' ' 'l.ie.J1A61eJA ('l.ieJ~) ch~:gkhl~bdl (ch~:gl) 1'161e.J'W, --bbA61'W
    khl~~nl, khb~nkhln1

    N vagina.

    A611 ALbl'l 611 , bLA61 1 A611111 khliadkhlw 1, khlw::::

    V to be loose,

    khliadl V 1. to miss, fail to meet. 2. to escape (from).


    A611111 hi1 n khliadlca.ag:::: 1. to be separated from.

    shaky, unstable, unsteady.


    A61 eJlJ khl:S~jl V 1. to be moving away, moving past.

    2. to be inclined, disposed (toward). o b'tJ1'W1Fl&1eJ8ltJ khawph9:gkhl:S~jlpaj just passed (out of sight). o A&1 e.J lJ IJI1 :W 111 1 lJ
    khl:S~jtaaml dtlajl

    2. to be out of (e.g. sight). he has


    fi611'W khlaanl V to crawl (on the belly, or on hands

    and knees) (of larger animals, man, worms).


    (I) go along

    -Dist.

    bffeJ8,l~.

    ..,

    with (that), agree, am inclined toward (that). 1. to pass by, move past,

    61 :w ~ n A~ n A611 'W l6mll1glkhlugkhlaan1 V e 1 a b .

    FJ61e.JlJVI61'1 khl:bjllil:gl

    colloq. to fall down and scramble up again

    A61TW

    80

    A61~
    9

    and again.

    srmJb~eJtJfl~1'W (i1) sad'lyajkhlaan' (tua')


    reptile.
    A61 HJ khlaajl V 1. to lessen, diminish, abate.

    "'

    A61 ~

    ,.

    develop. A 1 1 ~-(9)

    development.

    khlYtJ' V 1. to roll (something into a ball).

    2.

    2. to massage with a circular motion. "" A~~ l A 61~ khlylJkhlen' V to caress, fondle (esp. the breast).
    d Fl61~ d

    to loosen, unravel, unroll. 3. to be loosend, unraveled, unrolled. o l 'lJ 1 A611 CJA ')
    1~n ~

    ') 61 blSl '.l

    kMwkhlaajlkhwaam~

    (~n)

    khl9Yn'(l(lug 1 )

    N wave.

    -Syn.iiHJ~.

    kauwon' -ltewl He has been relieved of his worries. o ~61TWf11:Jb\I,A611CJA'.l1~~~ lA~t.Jiil sath<lanakaan'khlaajlkhwaamtyukhrtad' ~ The situation is growing less tense: "is diminishing in tension."
    A61A611U khltikhlaajl V 1. to unwind, untangle,
    d

    ASJW:J11 khl9Jrnjaaw' N radio

    long wave.

    Fl~~~~ khl9Yns~n'
    d Fl61~ d

    N radio

    short wave.

    "' ~ tJ ~ "'

    khl9ynsiau' N sound wave.

    ASJ~1~ khl9Yns~jl. khl9Yn's~jl V 1. to feel nauseated (literally). 2. co 11 o q. to feel a loathing, repugnance, disgust; to feel revolted, nauseated. o ~1A61~1~ n~akhl9Jrn's~jl V (something) to make one's stomach turn; to be nauseating,
    ' d "'

    unroll. 2. to spread out, expand, progress, develop. A'l 1 ~- development.

    A 611 CJ khlaajl V to resemble, look like.

    -s y n.
    '

    loathsome.
    'li'l ~AS1~ ch(laukhl9Yn'
    d

    l~~8~,61~~1CJ,A611CJA~1.
    A 6118 n'U ( 1 1)
    khlaajlka(w~a')

    N wave length.

    as if, as though.

    l ~ 1 A S1~ mawkhl9Yn' V to be seasick.


    A~ f1

    Fl61 'lt.JAR1 khlaajkhlyu' V to be similar, alike;

    khlug' V 1. to mix together; to stir in; to turn over, roll (as a banana in sugar, in order to

    to resemble.

    ,.
    ~

    o 61 ~ ~ ll! AEll tJ A61

    lamaajlkhlaajkhlyu' to re-

    coat). 2. to be mixed, mixed with; to be rolled, turned over. 3. to be absorbed in, engrossed in.

    semble; to look alike.


    'l 'W A611 tJ 'l 'W l nlil wan'khlaajwank88d'
    <l-'
    (1...1

    N e 1 e g. o

    4. (a cat) to circle and rub against one's legs.


    Sl~~nA~nASJ1~

    birthday.
    ASf'l khlam'

    16mlug'khlugkhlaan' V elab.

    V 1. to grope. 2. to feel, feel of

    co 11 o q. to fall down and scramble up again and again.

    (something). 3. to probe (as a doctor).


    611JAf(l lOub'khlam' V to caress, fondle, stroke
    '\J

    ASlnFI~ khlugkhliil V to mix (with), to mingle 9


    (with).
    A~~

    gently, pet. o
    n8i:I~U611JA61"1
    '\J

    '\J

    k~::>dlcuub'-lOublkhlam 1

    khluu' V to spread (as fumes, smoke); (the odor, smoke) to fill (e.g. the house).
    d. .._,
    ~

    colloq. to pet, to neck.


    AS1"1 khlftml V to be abundant, a lot. AS11 A61"1 khlaa'khl~m' V 1. to be loaded with,

    o nSJWFI611liJt1~1J1~ klln'khluu'pajtMuMan'~ 9 The odor fills the house.


    A~~

    "-'

    full of, replete with. 2. to be crowded, packed.

    khlum' V to cover up, cover over.

    "' A 61' 1 khlam' V 1. to be dark, swarthy (of complexion). 2. to be darkened. "' ~ 11'151'1 phiwkhlam' N 1. dark, colored skin. V 2. to be dark-skinned.

    A61~lA!8 khlumkhrya' V to be ambiguous, un9


    clear, indistinct.
    ASl~D~'lfW
    9 9

    -Also

    A :J :IH
    9

    A~ lJ.

    khlum'thuuchon' V idiom. to marry

    off (an individual, a couple) without the mates seeing or knowing each other beforehand.
    tJnA61:W pogkhlum' V to cover, be covered.
    9

    ~1'1;"1

    siikhlam' N 1. a dark color. V 2. to be

    dark (in color). 3. to be swarthy, dark-complexioned.


    A61 . See
    d

    f.J1A~:W't1~8~

    ""

    (w~)

    ""

    pMakhlum'thiin::>::>n' (phyY'n')

    A61 n Fl61 . 9

    N bedspread. l ~eJFl~:W
    ( iJ)

    1'161 khlii' V to unfold, unroll.


    A~ 1'1 61 l tJ khlt ikhlaajl V 1. to unwind, untangle,

    s9akhlum 1 (tual)

    N overcoat,

    topcoat, jacket.
    Fl61:W in
    A~:WA611 khlumkhl~D'

    unroll. 2. to spread out, expand, progress,

    ""

    V to be delirious,

    A'H

    81 crazed.
    f'l'J'W 1'\'l khwanfajl N smoke.
    ~ ~

    A'd1l.J

    A 'd 1 khuan'

    V 1. to twirl.

    2. co 11 o q. to date, go

    'Yl'WFl1'W thankhwan' idiom. immediately, right

    on a date (with a friend of the opposite sex).


    6 ~'WA 'd 1 d3an'khuan' V colloq. to walk arm

    away, suddenly.

    b~'WAf'W penkhwan' V 1. tobesmoky. sV 2.


    idiom. eagerly, energetically; promptly.
    <1.-

    in arm (with); to walk with (one's date).


    lii:::'IJA'd1
    ~

    (i'd) tapuu'khuan' (tua')

    N screw.

    Fl 1 'W

    khw~n'

    V to cut, cut off (by making an incision

    A 1'\.J 10 khO.ab' V 1. to combine, blend, merge.

    2.

    around the circumference of a cylindrical object). -Sometimes confused with gether).


    <1.._,

    to twist together. 3. to join, link.


    A'.l'\J~:W

    ~'W

    to twist (to-

    khO.abkhum' V 1. to control, supervise,

    place under supervision. 2. to detain. A 1 1 :W-control.


    '

    A1'WeJeJt.J
    J.,

    ~w~n?~Jj'

    V to cut sugar cane into

    r.J-~

    supervisor; chaperon.

    short pieces (by making circular incisions).


    ._,

    A1 '\J lb 'W 'W khO.abntn' V t e c h. to condense. A1'\.J 1LJ;1 t.J (1) khO.ab'pajdO.aj:::::: (2) khO.ab'pajdO.aj'

    eJeJt.JA'd'W

    ('tiel)

    ?~Jjkhw~n' (kh~J')

    N sugarcane

    cut into short pieces (ready to eat).


    A 1 1 khwaa' V to snatch, grab, reach for.

    1. to couple with; to be coupled with. besides, in addition, at the same time.


    ' 61 1'WA 1'\.J suankhO.ab' N component part.

    sV 2.

    1 'tl ~A;

    1 khwajkhwaa'

    V to reach for, grasp at,

    try desperately to get hold of (as a drowning person).


    A'WA 1 1 kh6nkhwaa' V 1. to search (for). 2. to

    A1 '\J I.J khOab' V to ride fast, gallop. A'.l'\J:W1 kh0abmaa 1 V to gallop a horse.

    ~ 1 A1 '\J

    wtukhO.ab' V to gallop.

    do research.

    n 1 S--

    research.

    r.J-'11

    re-

    A1 ~ (1) khuan'; (2) khuan::::: V 1. to be meet, proper.

    searcher, (scientific) investigator.


    A 1 l'Vlii''U khwaa'mab' colloq. to grasp quickly

    AA 2. ought to, should.

    -s y n.

    2. 'W 1 SJ::;

    d b~

    eJ 1 A 'l ~ ~ ~an'khuanruu' things (or stories)


    A1 1 ~

    and firmly. khwaan'

    worth knowing: "things (one) ought to know.'


    A1 S Fll bbn khuankh1ia'kh::::: V to be worthy of, to

    to be adrift, floating aimlessly;

    to be in aimless, random motion.


    6 A 1 ~A 1 11

    deserve.
    A1 S 'l::; khuanca::::: AA ought to, should.

    khweeukhwaan'

    1. to drift, be adrift.

    -s y n.

    sV 2. adrift, aimlessly, randomly.


    A 1 TW khwaan'

    'WlSJ:::.
    lil1 :W Fl '.l ~ taamkhuan'

    V to rummage, feel around. to rummage around, feel

    V 1. to be as it should be;

    A 1 1 :W'Vl1

    khwaan'h~a/

    to be meet, proper. sV 2. as (one sees) fit; as befits, as is befitting (to).


    ~

    around in search of (something).


    A 1 l'W khwaan' V to core (e.g. an apple), to pit (e.g.

    eJ Fl 1 S phJJkhuan 1

    fairly, moderately, reasonably.

    a plum), i.e. to take out (something) from the inside.


    Fl 1 1 :W khwaam' N 1. the sense, the substance, the

    :W 1 n b fl'WA 1 S m1iag'kaankhuan' 1. more than is

    good, more than is proper. 2. much too (e.g. big, etc.).

    gist (of a matter, an account, etc.); 1st and 2nd example. 2. (legal) case, lawsuit; 3rd example. 3. -ness, -ity, etc., a bound element; see notes 1-3; concerning classifiers, see note 4.

    1~A 'l ~ ( 'l::;) m~jkhuan(ca)::::: ought not, should not. 61:WA 1 a st>mkhuan' V to be suitable, appropriate. "' 'l a h~nkhuan' V to deem it proper to, see bVl'WFl
    fit to.
    eJ'WFl 1 a ?ankhuan'

    o SJoln~A1 l:W camkad'khwaam' V to define (the


    suitable, proper. sense of something), give a definition: "delimit the sense." o t.J eJ Fl '.l 1l.l
    j~Jkhwaam'

    A1 n khwag' V to take out (from container, pocket), scoop out, spoon out (from deep container).
    Fl YW khwan' N smoke, fumes.

    V to condense, prepare

    an abstract, a digest: "summarize the sense." o 61 A11 :W sOu'khwaam' V to fight a lawsuit.


    'II

    fl'J'WL'ti:W~ khwan'kham6on' billowing smoke,


    smoke issuing forth in billows.

    Fl'J1:i!

    82

    Fl'J1:i!

    NOTE 1. The most frequent use of Fill :U is as a bound element placed in front of verbs to form abstract nouns expressing a state or quality. It is usually rendered in English by such suffixes as -ness, -ity, -th, -ment, -ance ( -ence), -(t)ion, -(t)ude, -ure, -y, -ery, -ship, -dom, -ing, and the like. For -ing, see also note 3. No suffix is required if the English abstract noun is identical with the verb (hope; to hope). Most nouns based on
    A 11 :U are listed only under

    displeasure.

    A11:W1~lH1J khwaammlljsaubb/ unrest, disquietude.


    NOTE 3. A few verbs can be preceded by n 1 S when they have an active meaning and by A 11 :U when they have a nonactive or intransitive meanrung; 1st and 2nd examples. Moreover, some verbs can be preceded by either

    n1 ~ or

    A 11 :W

    without necessarily requiring a different English rendition. In these instances a distinction which is explicit in Thai is implicit in English; 3rd and 4th examples. This remains true even though some added confusion results from the fact that
    fl 11 :W (as well as

    the verbs from which they are derived. Thus to find A11:Uiil71, look under ~171. The follow-

    ing examples are a sample selected for study and are arranged according to the English suffixes just mentioned.

    n 1 ~) is sometimes transA11:W~'W khwaamfiin/


    Fl 'J 1:U Llit.~

    lated by the suffix -ing in English.

    A'l1:U~ khwaamdii; goodness, virtue:


    good.

    ~ to be

    n1~~'W kaanfiin/ dreaming;

    (a) dream.

    fl11 :u ~ 111 khwaamsaw~au; brightness, brilliance:


    ~ 111

    n 1 s Lih.1 kaanh~n' (act of) seeing;


    khwaambi!jn/ idea, opinion.
    ~ ~

    to be bright.

    A11:U'iW 1171 khwaamchal~ad/ cleverness, intelli-

    n 1 ~ n 11 Vi'W 1 kaank4a:vu4a~ progress, i.e. pro-

    gence, sagacity: gent, sagacious.

    'i!~ 1171

    to be clever, intelli-

    gressing;

    Fl11:Un1'l'YI'W1 khwaamk4awn4a/

    progress, i.e. advancement.

    fl11 :W ~ 1 :W 1 ~ ~ khwaamsllamllad; ability: ~ 1 :W 1 ~ bl

    n1~ L~1J~'ll'J kaanc~bptlaj/


    currence of being sick;
    c~bptlaj/

    sickness, i.e. an ocFI11:U L~1JD'll'J

    to be able.

    "

    khwaamf::;

    A'l1:Wb~1JLiil khwaamt~abtoo/ growth:


    to grow.
    d
    ~

    b~1JLiil
    d

    sickness, i.e. state of being sick.

    Fl'l1lilil'Wblii'W khwaamty-ynt@n/ excitement: lii'Wblii'W

    NOTE 4. For the most part abstract nouns are used in situations which do not require a classifier; 1st example. When a classifier is needed it is usually one of those meaning "kind, sort, variety," e.g.

    to be excited.
    A11:U8"1rll\l khwaamsiimkhan/ importance, sig

    nificance:

    ~lrll\1 to be important, significant.

    A11:W'I"Hil~ khwaamph:>:x:aj/ satisfaction, content-

    8~ 11, '!liilil,

    b V'W,

    and 'lJ s::; n 1 s

    ment:

    'l'i 8L ~

    to be satisfied, content.

    e 1 e g., or occasionally and

    8'W; a general elf. ,

    A 11 :U~ 1 khwaamsi!uu; altitude, height, tallness:


    ~1

    LL1J1J "type, model"; 2nd, 3rd and 4th exam-

    to be high, tall.

    ples. These classifiers are therefore always omitted in entries for abstract nouns unless some special distinction needs to be made.

    A11:WOiilA'W khwaamkMdan/ pressure; figur.

    oppression:

    Oli1171'W

    to press, oppress. honesty:

    fl"l1:U~861'mt khwaamsyYs~d;
    to be honest.
    fi11:Wn~ 1'YI1l\l

    ~eJili11Jr

    ~ " ;81 a~1 'Wfl 'l1 :UA 'l1JA:Utl 81 :\o 'tJ 1~ ' ;;!

    cat!'lnji:lu/ -naj::: (It) will

    khwaamkhO.abkhum/kh~b!Jr<idthabaanfj

    khwaamklllahiian/ bravery: n<l 1

    have to be under the control of the government.


    A l1:WAiil LV'WD Lii'WA'l1:U LV<11 khwaamkhfd/ch@n:::

    'YI1l\l to be brave.
    f)

    11:U1J 1 n ~'W khwaamj4agcon/ hardship. poverty: l'J 1 n ~'W to be hard up, poor.
    .. d

    nfi/ penkhwaamkhlaw/1 Such thinking is stupid: "Thinking of this sort is stupidity."

    Fl11 :u b1J eJ'YI'W 1l'J khwaamlJYan~aV boredom: 'YI'W 1l'J to be bored, tired of (something).

    b 1J 8

    A'l1:U~~18~11~1
    (of Buddhism).

    si!uu;s1iprakaan; the four sublime truths


    li11l'JFI'l1:UAiilel'WVi6i"mL'YI~:U dOajkhwaamkhfd/?an:::

    c(

    'lJ~:::n1s khwaamci!J;iAau:::

    A 11 :w'lJ l < "11bJ ~ khwaampraphcyd; behavior, con-

    duct:
    ~

    'lJ l ">1bJ ii

    to behave. ;; to know.
    8"1 b

    fi11:Wt khwaamn1u/ knowledge: fl11liih b ~ 'l

    khwaamsiimr~d/ success:

    r~

    l~gll:~m/

    by shrewd thought, by sharp thinking.

    to succeed.
    f111:W'Wl1 khwaamwiiu; hope: 'YI11

    to hope.

    n ~:::; 'YI ~ Fl 'J 1 :iJ krathou/khwaam/ N sense, meaning;


    aspect of a matter.
    fl'Wfl 'J 1:i! kinkhwaamJ' V to include, cover (in mean-

    fl'l1:WAI71 khwaamkhfd/ thought, thoughts, thinking: Alil to think.

    NOTE 2. As a bound element, be placed before the negative ing verb.

    fi11:W

    can also
    ~

    ing).

    1~ and its follow-

    n'WFJ 11 :iJ 6H kinkhwaam/th9'u= to touch on, refer

    ,.

    fl"ll:U 1~"118 khwaamm4jpb;,;,/ insufficiency. A 11 :W 1~"11 eJ 'l khwaamm4jph:>:>caj/ dissatisfaction,

    to, include.
    'lJ 1F1 'J 1:i!

    ( 'lJ 1,

    l1J

    1'W) kMokhwaam/

    (kh~o/,

    toon/)

    A'Jl:W

    83
    N 1. item, point (of discourse, inquiry). 2. passage (from an article, etc.). 3. text (as of speech, letter), account, statement. N 1. essay. V 2. to write an essay.
    ~nFJ11:lJ

    Flel

    (FI'W) lOugkhwaam' (khon') N litigant. ' 1 1 Fl 1 1 :W w.1akhwaam' V to litigate; to plead a

    l1J Fl 1 l:W
    ~A 1 1 :W

    khi1jkhwaam' V to interpret; to uncover,

    case in court.
    61S1.JFI11:lJ sarublkhwaam' V 1. to sum up, sum-

    disclose (the meaning).


    ( A'W , ~ ) khOukhwaam' (khon', khOu')

    N
    'U

    '

    marize, conclude. N 2. conclusion.

    one or both of the parties to a legal case, i.e. the plaintiff and/or the defendant.

    61 Fl 11 :lJ s1lu'khwaam' V to fight a lawsuit. b 61 ~:lJFI 1 1il s~;;~mkhwaam' V to overstate, exag-

    ~' 1 rlr1 A 1 1 :W camkadlkhwaam I


    d
    ~

    to define (the

    gerate.
    Vl:lJeJFl11:lJ (FI'W) m5;:,khwaam' (khon') N colloq.

    sense), give a definition. See cross reference.


    b6~~A11:W

    ( b:lel~,Q::::'U'U) ctqJkhwaam' (rJau'.

    lawyer.

    -+Also Vl:wH11llJ'Vl:lJeJFI11:W

    elab.

    chaoob')

    N 1. advertisement, public notice.

    ll 0 q.

    V 2. to report; to inform, give information.

    Vl:lJ 1 tJ Fl 11 :lJ ( 11) mi1ajkhwaam'(w..1al) V to mean

    1 ~A 1 1 :W

    cajkhwaam' N the meaning, gist, es-

    (th<;.t). See cross reference.

    sence; subject matter.

    -s y n.

    j'

    b'W eJ A1 1 :W.

    Vl1FI11:W(1~)
    Fl 11 tJ

    Makhwaam'(saj::) V tomakean

    l;A 1 1:W d.1jkhwaam' V 1. to make sense.

    2. to

    allegation, accusation (against).


    ( iil1) khwaajl (tua')

    ascertain (that), gather (that), hear (that). o

    N com. water buffalo.

    l~l;A 1 1:W
    khwaam'~

    (1, 2) m.1jd.1jkhwaam'; (3) m.1jld.1j::

    "' -+Syn. ns::::LJ1


    FI111:J1.J1
    ~

    eleg. N wild buffalo. N cattle, live-

    1. to be nonsense, make no sense.

    '

    ( iil1) khwaajpaa' (tua') ( iil1 ) wuakhwaajl (tua')

    2. nonsensically, senselessly. 3. Nonsense! It doesn't make sense!

    11FI111:J

    stock (in general).


    Fl 1'1 khw.1m' V 1. to turn over, turn upside down,

    ~A 1 1 :W tii'khwaam' V to explain, interpret,


    define (as a law).
    mHJA'd 1:W
    th~jlkhwaam'

    capsize. 2. to be turned over, upside down. N lawsuit. N 3. to be face down in a prone position.
    FI1,1'U1111S khw.1mb8.ad' V 1. idiom. toturndown;

    'l1'W11:JFI11:W

    (Fl'W)

    thanaajkhwaam' (khon')

    lawyer, attorney, counselor; (Brit.) barrister, solicitor.


    <'>

    to disapprove of, reject. 2. to excommunicate.

    1~Vl11:J1~FJ-J'1
    v to be beside the
    "'
    '

    cajMajlcajkhw.1m' V to be stunned

    'l111FI11:Wb"H thaaw'khwaam'-thY1J:: to refer to. 'W eJ nFl d 1 :w n!'bg'khwaam'

    with fear, get scared out of one's wits.


    61:WF11'1 l6mkhw.1m' V to fall face down. Fl ::J 'W 'W , lJ 1 - -

    point.
    b'i'leJFJ11:W nyakhwaam' N essenceofamatter;

    khwinin', jaakhwinin' N quinine. [f. Eng.]

    "

    Fl. F'l kh;:,;:,s3;:,1 A. D. (the Christian era). Abbrev.

    the content (as of a book); subject matter.

    for FJ~611ilf)nn'ti.
    FI'Vl- in FI'Vl'U~ ( FI'W)

    -s y n. 1 ~ Fl 1 1 :lJ .
    'IJ'l1FI1 1:W ( 'U'l1, b:! eJ ~) oodkhwaam' (bOd', rJau')
    d

    khaM?Ib;:,diil (khon')

    wealthy man. Fl eJ
    ( Fl l)
    ~

    N an article (in a newspaper, magazine, etc.).


    biJ n Fl 1 1 :lJ oo;;~glkhwaam'

    kh;:,;:,l (kh;:,;:,l) N neck.

    to testify.

    n61 1 Fl eJ kl1lakh;:,;:,/ v to gargle (the throat).


    ~rl Fl l khadkh;:,;:,l V 1. to interrupt, break in repeatedly (as while someone is speaking). 2. to gainsay, disagree.

    b~'WFI11:W penkhwaam' V to be involved in a law-

    suit.

    V 1. to condense, prepare an abstract, a digest. N 2. digest, abstract.


    S1:WFI11:W ruamkhwaam' V to sum up, summa-

    FleJFleJrl

    ( bb'\!H)

    kh;:,;:,kh~;:,dl

    (h'Eu')

    N isthmus.

    Fl eJ 111 n kh;:,;:,tog' V 1. to drop the head (with sad-

    ness, disappointment). sV 2. (with) drooping head, crestfallen.


    Fl eJ 111 eJ
    kh;:,;:,t~;:,/

    rize. See cross reference.


    bs lJ ~ Fl 1 1 :lJ
    "'

    ( b s eJ ~ , 'tJ 'l1)

    riaukhwaam' (rJau', bbd')

    N nape.

    84
    d Fltl'IJ'Vf~
    9

    FJ eH.J

    (Fl'W) kh;:,;:,lburli'{khon')

    N idiom.
    "

    (for animals); stable, cowbarn.


    Fl eJ n VYJ.J
    'II

    a heavy smoker.
    Fl eJLL'l.J;:; kh;J;Jb;?1 having lapels (e.g. a coat). Fl tl'V'l eJ n Fl eH1 n
    9

    ( Fl eJ n ) kh~;:,gmuu' {kh5;:,g')
    0

    N pigsty.

    'Vfb\! 1 i.J 1 n Fl eJ n j~a'paagkh5;:,gl i d i

    m. easy, obvious;

    kh;:,;:,ph~bg'

    to have a goiter.

    commonplace, ordinary, so familiar as to remain unnoticed: "grass (by) the barn door."
    Fl eJ fl
    kh~bd'

    ( Fl 'W ) kh;:,;:,l suraa' {khon') N e 1 e g. a

    person used to drinking, a heavy drinker.


    Fl eJ \

    V 1. to be narrowed, constricted. 2.

    eJ

    (EJ'W)

    kh;:,;:,s~a'

    (?an')

    N 1. collar (of

    to be worn away.
    FJ eJ FJ eJ fil FleJ'W Fl eJ'lJ
    ( \l vr 1 ) kh;:,;:,kM;:,d' {hen')

    a shirt, coat, etc.). 2. neck {of a garment).


    Fl tl'Vf'd 1'W kh;:,;Jwi1an' to have a sweet tooth. FleJ'HeJtJ (FleJ'VfeJtJ) kh;:,;:,h5j' {kh;:,;:,h::ljl) N colloq.

    N isthmus.

    (Flel'W) kh;:,;:,n'{kh;J;:,n')
    <9J

    N perch, roost.

    kh~;:,nl, kh~n'

    V to criticize, make slurring

    throat. Fl eJ \ 'Vf611
    ( Fl'lJ)
    kh;:,;:,l~w'

    remarks, ridicule, revile. (khon') N a person used

    to drinking, a heavy drinker.

    n 1 ~-- ridiculing, criticizing.


    Fl el'!JUF!;:; Fl el'!J t.J
    kh~nkht?l

    1 "l Fl eJ

    cajkh;:,;:,l N 1. disposition, mood. 2. char-

    to criticize, pick at.

    acter (people only). o ii6frJ1"lFleJ nfsA.j'cajkh;:,;:,l N disposition, temperament.

    kh~;:,nl,

    kh5n::: V 1. to be inclined towards,

    tend toward. 2. to be on the full side, over half, more than half. o l 1Jw~; eJ'lJ'Vf~eJ penkh5;:,nlm:j;:,l There's plenty more in the pot (i.e. it is well over half full).
    FleJ'lJ'tJ11 ( "l;:;)
    kh~nkh~an'(ca:::)

    l;61 ~ Fl eJ d~jlotJkh;:,;:,l to be unfeeling enough to. fin~ 1~ eJ l;61 ~ FJ eJ lfiuglkh~aph!'IJI-d~jlOtJkh:J:JI ~


    0
    'II

    The son killed his father in cold blood. o FlD!'lJ'li11111llil61 ~ FleJ'lJ;:; khun'nti---+cMtJthamld~j:::
    9
    ~
    I

    AA inclined to

    'I/

    be, rather, more or less, on the side of, somewhat. ' "

    lonkh;:,;:,l-na~ How could you have the heart to

    do this?
    ~ lil F1 eJ tldkh;:,;:,l V to be stuck, lodged in the throat

    o Flel'lJ"/J11611tJ

    kh5;:,nkh~ausuaj'

    ratherpretty, on

    the pretty side.


    Fl eJ'lJ
    C9J (

    (as a fish bone).


    bln Fl eJ ( rl'lJ) thliugkh;:,;:,l(kan')
    'II

    el'!J) kh:SJn' (?an')

    N hammer.

    V co 11 o q. to get

    Fl eJ'lJ t.J

    kh;~bn'

    V to glance sidewise (coquettishly,

    along well (with one another) because of compatible tastes and interests.
    'iJ'IJFJ eJ blibkh;J;:,I V to strangle (someone).

    with friendly disapproval, or angrily). Used esp. of women.

    FleJ'lJn~lil kh;:,nkrlid' N concrete. [f.Eng.]


    Fl eJ 'U in
    ~

    ~ lil Fl eJ f)'ydkh;:,;:,l V 1. to experience difficulty in


    swallowing (as because of dryness of one's throat). 2. to be hard to swallow (as dry bread).
    1J fil Fl eJ j~d'kh;:,;:,l V to stretch the neck, crane

    eJ 'U Fl eJ 'IJ

    r~;:,bkh5;:,b'

    V to be careful, ci r-

    cumspect, cautious.
    ~

    FleJJ.J in 'Vf611FleJJ.J

    lAnkh~;:,m'

    V 1. to be hunchbacked.

    2. to be roundshouldered, stooped over; to have one's shoulders slouched over.


    Fl eJJ.J kh:S;:,m' V to bend, stoop. eJ eJJ.JFJ eJJ.J ?;);:,mkh:S;:,ml V to be indirect, roundabout.

    one's neck.
    611 Fl eJ
    0
    0J

    See entry below.

    'I'I'Jfl611 Fl eJ wad'lonkh;:,;:,l to have a sore throat,


    a cold with phlegm.

    o above.

    ~ fil

    eJ eJ J.JF! eJJ.J phO.udl?:j;:,mkh:S;:,m' to speak evaU'

    6H F1 eJ t.J. See

    l;611 Fl eJ

    sively, to beat around the bush.


    FleJ:W:iJ'dii611il kh;:,;:,mmiwnfs 1 , -nid' N communism;

    61 eJ rJ F1 eJ b;:,jkh;:,;:,l to float with the head above

    water.
    '11F1 eJ ( f(1FJ eJ) lamkh;:,;:,l {lamkh;:,;:,l)

    communist. [f. Eng.]


    U'

    N throat.

    ~'lJFleJJ.JlJ'dii611il cHn'kh;Jmmiwnis' N Communist

    d)tJ HleJ ?iankh;:,;:,l V to cock one's head (e.g.

    China; Chinese communist.


    Fl eJtJ kh;:,;:,j' V 1. to wait, wait for, await. AA 2.

    in order to listen).
    F1 eJ n

    ( Fl eJ n )

    kh~;:,g' (kh~;:,g')

    N enclosure, pen, sty

    keep( ... -ing).

    ---+Syn. 1.

    ~eJ,TI1.

    Seealso

    85
    ----~----------------------------------------------

    name, title, or kin term to address or to call o rl ClcH'I kh::>::>jdu')/ keep(s) scolding (someone).
    9

    the attention of someone; 6th example. 4. Yes? (as a reply when called or spoken to). -+Syn.
    6~1Fl::::
    ~

    o fleHJ 5:::: l1 kh::>::>jrawau' keep watching out, keep on the alert.


    Fl eJ tJ
    ~::::

    eleg. de. w. sp.

    -ct.

    Fl~'U

    def. m.

    kh::>::>jca:::; AA waiting (for an opportunity) -Syn.


    'i eJ
    ~ ~::::.

    s p. -See also Fl:::: , 'til tB,


    el::::
    d
    0)

    and also the variant

    to, interested (solely) in. o

    FleJt.J~::::lli.Hll 6~tJ1

    kh::>::>jcakinltMadiaw'l (He's)

    o n 1~ H6~ 1 Fl:::: klimoou'ltE:wkhal What time is it?


    j

    ._,

    waiting solely (for an opportunity) to eat, is interested solely (in getting) to eat.
    FleJtJYll kh::>::>jth!la' V to wait for, await. SeJFleltJ r::>::>kh::>::>j' V to wait, wait for.
    ~

    o AeJU 6AtJ1'W::::A:::: kh::>::>jdiaw'nakhal Wait a moment! o eJtJl'W'VIeH'W'Wns::::~-iA:::: juunajh~tJnan'kramatJ'::::


    'II
    I

    'lJ

    a../

    khal (He's) probably in that room. N o

    'VIeJFleltJ

    ('VIeJ,'VI~H)

    h:'bkh::>::>j' (h:"b 1 ,1AtJ')

    lilblltT~.UA::::

    ch88nn!ltJ'sikhal Have a seat!

    watchtower.
    Fl eJ tJ kMj' AA 1. gradually, little by little, with

    o tT'Wo\JA:::: n!ln'sikha! That's it! o Arn'W 1 t.J A:::: khunnaajlkha! l\1adame! 9


    ._, l'llA:::: c!lwkhat Pt eleg. def. w. sp. Particle

    care. sV 2. gently, softly, low (of sound).


    ' '" o WlnHIFleJtJ ltJ'\HH
    ?aakaad'-kh~jjen'lou

    The

    used in the ways described for A:::: above.

    air gradually cools off. o

    -ct.
    b~A::::

    'tleJi''U

    eleg.def.m.sp.

    ~rlA eHJ l n'W li.i phrtud'kh:ljk8;:mpaV to speak too 'II


    low, too softly.

    phekha' Pt eleg. def. w. sp. final particle

    used in addressing royalty and the Supreme Patriarch. -See


    n S ::::'VI~el~.

    ' Fl eJ tJ 'l kh~jkh:lj' idem Fl eJ tJ ' o Flelt.J 'l l~'W kh:ljkh~jd88n' walk carefully

    Fl:::: khl Pt def. w. sp. 1. particle used at the end

    (so as not to fall), walk slowly. o l ~'WFl ell'J 'l d8;:m'kh:ljkh~j' to walk softly, noiselessly. o Fl elt.J 'l 'VI'Welt.i
    kh:ljkh~j'n~::>j'

    of statements and commands; 1st and 2nd examples. 2. Yes (in answer to a question); 3rd example.
    ~

    '

    -ct.

    Fl :i'U de f. m. sp.

    -syn.

    l ~ 1A::::

    a bit (more) o

    e 1 e g. d e f. w. s p.
    6 'til~ 166~ 1 fl:::: khawmaa'ltE:wkh!tl He's already

    gently! a little softly!


    AeltJ 6'0'WAeJtJlt.J

    kh~jpen'kh~jpaj' to learn or aco o 1. to get better, feel

    come.
    6"1!1~1 6 blel::::Fl:::: kh!lwmaa'th8kh!l! Come in!
    .:; C::J

    quire ability little by little, in due time


    A eJt)tJ~ od1

    kh~jjauchD.a 1

    6 61 ~ 5l 'VIS eJ tJ ~

    Q...l

    A:::: b 61 H Lb~ 1 sed 1 ryjatJ 1 ! kh!1 1 -+

    c;;

    "-'

    better. 2. not so bad.

    sedltE:w'l Finished? Yes, (I've) finished.


    6~1fl::::

    l~A eJ tJ mfljkh~j:::;
    o

    AA co 11 o q. scarcely, hardly, -Syn.

    c!lwkhl Pt eleg. def. w. sp. Particle


    fl:::: above.

    not quite, not very.

    l~A 0 iJ iii
    good."

    l~i 'II

    lB.

    used in the ways described for

    mfljkh:ljdiil not very good: "hardly

    -ct.
    fi::::'Wel~

    'tleJS'U

    eleg. def. m. sp.

    khan::>::>tJ' V to be high-spirited, exuberant,

    o l:l.;rleJU 6FltJ

    b'VrwJ1~

    mfljkh:ljkh88jMncMau 1 l

    reckless.
    vllfi::::'Wel~

    (They) scarcely ever see an elephant.


    FleJ;Li'llv. kh::>::>nib'cMn' Fl:::: kh:V Pt de f. w. s p.

    faa'khan::>::>tJ' N eleg. 1. thunder;

    N corruption. [f. Eng.] 1. particle used as the

    thunderstorm. 2. it thunders.

    fl::::i1~ ( ~~) khanytJ'(thYt1::::) V to think (about), contemplate.


    fl:::: b'W khaneel V to estimate; to guess. fl1 r1 fl:::: l 'W khfladkhaneel V to speculate, guess. fl::::ll'W'W (fl::::ll'W'W) khanE:w'(khanE:E:n')

    final element in questions; 1st example. 2. final particle used after other particles which contain the idea of urging, suggesting, intimating (e.g. 'W::::,n~::::iJ~). andoccasionallyofrequesting or emphasizing (e.g.
    eU); 2nd, 3rd, 4th,

    N 1. mark(s),

    point(s), grade, score. 2. vote.


    fl:::: Lb'W'W l ~t.J ~ ( fl:::: ll'W'W) khanE:E:nslatJ/ (khanE:w')

    and 5th examples. 3. particle placed after

    86
    N vote, ballot. 6H Fl :t: U\l'W lo:g'kham;en' 1. to cast a vote, ballot. 2. to write down, record the score. earthen embankment enclosing a paddy field.
    A'Wti1ii'W ( el'W) khannamman' (?an')

    N accelerator

    (of a car).
    A'W b~ lil A'WA ~
    ~

    ~n A:t: bb'W'W ha.g'khaneen' to reduce the score or


    grade, deduct from the score, take points off. o bln~nFI:t:bbhl'W thuugh.?tg'khanem' to take a deou

    ( A'W)

    khanbed' (khan')

    N a fishing rod. N bow (the weapon).

    ( A'W) khans3:ln' (khan')

    FI'W tB khan' V to itch, be itchy. A'Wi.J 1 n khanpaag' co 11 o q. to be itching to say

    duction in one's score or grade; to lose points.


    FJ:t:;J./1 khamam' V to fall forwards. Fl:t: b:l-J'W in
    !;

    something.

    vrnFJ:t: bd-J'W hogkhameen'

    1. to turn a

    A'W~ eJ khanmyy' colloq. to be itching to do something (with the hands).

    somersault. 2. to tumble, fall down.


    Fl:t:tJ'WFI:t:tJeJ khajan'khaj:l:l' V to urge, press, pres!;

    LJ 1 n A'W paag'khan' to be loose-tongued.


    FI'W kh/lnl V to separate, interpose, divide. FJ'W khan' V to squeeze, press (so as to extract,
    !;

    sure. Also written

    '1.1 :t:

    tJ'W '1.1 :t: tJ eJ .

    "'

    Fl1 khilu' V to be congested, crowded, jammed. Fl1 Fl11 kh/l:gkhaa:g' V 1. to be overdue. 2. to be

    "'

    "'

    ..,

    e.g. juice).
    !;

    in a bottleneck, be piled up (and awaiting action); to be pigeonholed.


    ~

    Fl'W b eJ 1 ( . ) eJ eJ n khan'- ?aw( ... )?:,:lg' to squeeze

    (juice, etc.) out.


    !;

    <I.-

    FI'\JFI1 khabkhil:g' V 1. to be crowded.

    2. to be

    Fl1 ~ FI'W kh.1adkhan' V to press for; to constrain.


    d

    dense, thick (of population).


    .u .u :W 1 Fl1 m/l:gkhii:g' V to be rich, wealthy.
    A~
    v

    '\J'\JFl'W biib'khan 1

    !;

    V 1. to compress, crush, squeeze

    out. 2. idiom. to oppress.


    A'W 5 ~ khanthulii' pN Khanthuli (located in Phatthalung
    9

    C9J

    khad' V 1. to choose, select, pick out. 2. to be choice, select, picked. 3. to copy. 4. to excerpt. 5. to letter (as in penmanship).

    t:hangwat in S Thailand.
    FI'U khab' V 1. to be tight, tight-fitting, tightly packed.
    v

    A~FI1'W khadkhaan' V to object (to), oppose.

    2. (contents) to pack, be packed tightly into (a container); to jam, crowd (a place). ---Syn. bb'W'W.

    imitate.

    A'U"Il'W khabkhil.n' V 1. to be in a tight spot, in a

    A~ b ~ eJ n khadl1ag' V to select, sort out, pick out. Alil~'d b~ El khad'Marya' to steer or guide a boat
    by pushing against the prow with a paddle.

    critical situation. 2. to be of a critical, emergency nature. o 1!11A'U"Il'W taa'khabkhan 1 a critical moment.


    0

    A~ EJ eJ n khad?~:lg' V to weed out, eliminate by


    sorting out. Fliil t'-1 khad' V to clog (up), be stuffed, clogged, congested.

    J11'd:t:A'U"Il'W phaawa?lkhabkhan' a state of crisis

    or emergency. o
    bVil!l n 1 HIJ,FJ'\J'IJ'W heedkaan 1 khabkhan' emergency,
    9

    crisis.

    A~'ld-Jn khad'camuug' to have a stuffed nose.


    'U

    A 'U t ~

    khabkh!l:g' V 1. to be crowded. 2. to be

    A~'Wd-J, 'Wd-JA~ khad'nom', nomkhad' 1. (breasts)


    to be congested with milk. 2. to have a congestion in the breasts, mastitis.

    dense, thick (of population).


    ""' Fl'\JLbFl'W khabkhtm' V to be impoverished, hard-

    pressed, in distress.
    A'UUFl'\J khabkhteb' V to be narrow, cramped

    ""'W Fl'

    <9l

    khan' C 1. elf. for long-handled objects

    (spoons, forks, umbrellas, fishing rods, plows). 2. elf. for vehicles other than carts.
    n ii11 ~ A'W klaa:gkhan' in the middle, before it was

    (of space).
    A'\JL "l khabcajl V to feel distressed, uneasy,

    apprehensive.

    finished (of an interrupted action, event).


    A'W if~

    F'l:w.ih ( l i;Jd-J)
    <-

    khamphii' (l~m 1 ) N 1. sacred book,

    (A'W )

    khancM:g' (khan')

    N 1. balance,

    scripture. 2. Bible.
    Fl 'd khQal V to parch, roast. d-J:t:'V'J :l1 'd t'd maphraaw'khOa'

    scales. 2. beam, transverse bar of a balance.


    A'W'W 1 ( A'W'W 1) khannaal (khannaa') N dike,

    roasted coconut meat.

    Fl1 Fl1

    <9)

    87
    khaa/ V 1. to be lodged in, remain imbedded, be stuck (to, on, etc.). 2. to be left unifinished, remain partly done. N 3. shackle for a prisoner's neck.
    '
    d

    Fl1 A 1'\J i\J l Vl:IJ kMapra.bmiljl N fine, penalty. Fl1'\J 1 tJ n 1 s


    ' ' '
    kh~apuajkaan/

    <9!

    N idiom. fee, service

    charge, commission.
    Fl1 t:J 1'W'\J s:::; l1l
    '
    I

    'II

    kh~apha.anlpratuul

    N admission

    Fl1'fl khaathii/ on the spot, instantly.

    charge, gate fee.


    Fl1 S t;l
    '
    kh~ar6dl

    o l111 tJ Fl1 'fl taajlkhaathii/ to die on the spot.


    Fl1 JJ eJ khaamyy/ in the act, red- handed.
    0

    N fare, carfare. N freight charges.

    f11 s:::; 1 1 ~

    kh~arawaaul

    ~'U1;Fl1JJeJ cab/d~ajl-khaa/myy/
    the act, catch red-handed.
    ( l1l 'W)

    to catch in

    o Fl1 s:::: 11 ~'Us S'fln khaarawaau 1 banthug 1 N shipping charge, freightage.

    '

    Fl1 lB, Vlbl! 1- -

    khaa/,

    j~akhaa/

    (t6n/)

    N cogon,

    f11lb s ~ ~ 1'W kh~areeuuaanl N wages, pay (for

    a tall, coarse grass used for thatching {lmperata cylindrica). Also other related species of grass.
    'IJ1UF11 ('IJ1t.JF11)

    labor).
    A 1 l ~ t.JVl1 tJ
    '
    '

    kh~asiahilajl

    N the damages, the loss,

    the amount of the loss. chaajkhaa/ (chaajkhaal) N


    Fl1 eJ tJ
    'II

    kh~ajuu/

    N lodging (as an expense item),

    eaves.

    the cost of lodging. N roof.

    Vli~ Fl1 ( Vli~ Fl1) l.aukhaal (lilukhaa/)


    Fl1
    <9!

    kh~al

    N fee, cost, price, value.

    ... :l..if11
    9

    f1);16f11

    khunkh~a/ miikh~al

    N value.

    to be valuable, precious. N value, price.

    Fl1 n'W khaakinl N food expenses; food (as an

    :IJ~f11
    'II

    muunlkh~al

    expense item), the cost of food.


    Fl1n'WeJt.l khaakinjuul N livingexpenses,esp.
    'II

    1 ;A 1 raVkh~a/
    fl'WF11
    16nlkh~al

    to be valueless, worthless. eleg. to be invaluable, priceless.

    '

    '

    room and board.


    Fl1 'IJ'W 61 ~ kh~akhllnsou I
    ' ' '

    b~ eJ:IJA 1

    syamkh~al to devaluate, depreciate.


    to be invalu-

    N cost of transportation. N cost of living.

    A1Fl~el1V'I'I kh~akhr.J:Jl)chiibl
    Fl1 'l1

    n1 s - - devaluation, depreciation. Vl'lA1~:Wl; Makh.a/b:'>mfd~aV lit.


    able, priceless.
    Vl1A1il1;
    t

    "'

    kha.aca.au/ N wage, wages, pay. khaach6dchaajl N compensation (for

    Fll~J[il 6 'IJt.J

    Makh~almfd~ajl
    d
    kh~althii/

    eleg. to be invaluable.

    work done, for property damage). ' Fl1 l 'IJ 1 kh.ach.w I N the rent, rental fee.
    '

    f1 'l lB in

    f11 'fl

    because, owing to the fact

    that, on account of the fact that.


    Fl1 khaal V to do business (in), trade (in), sell,

    A1LJ'i,1t.J kh.achajca.aj/ N expenses.

    A1L 61 eJ tJ kh.acMj s::S:Jjl N expenses.


    Fl1[91 kh.aduul N admission fee (to a theater,
    'II

    engage in trade. n 1 S-merce; trading.


    fl'U Fl1 ( tl'U)

    business, trade, com-

    wrestling match, etc.).


    AlL 11'it.l 611

    kh6bkhaal(ka:::::) V to associate (with),

    ~ kha.adoojsaan/ N fare, cost of pas-

    be friends (with).
    f11 'tJ 1 tJ khaakhilaj' V to engage in trade, buy and

    sage
    A'll ~ kh.ath.ajl N ransom; cost of redemption.
    I

    sell.

    n 1 s--

    business, trade, commerce.

    Fl 'l'fi,1'1J 'Jbl! khaathamkhwanl N compensation,

    o l'\J:JJ1;1'tJ1t.l pajmaa/kMakhilaj' to engage in trade, travel about on commercial business. o


    '
    lSJf11'tJ1U (i;(1)

    indemnity (for personal injury or damage).


    Fl 'l 'fl
    ' d
    kh~athiil

    the price of a piece of land, of a


    ' d

    ryalkhaakhilajl(lam/) N

    lot. -+For an unrelated mng. see Fl 'l 'fl under


    Fl1 lB. Fl'lSn:JJltJt.I:IJ kh.athamniaml N fee, fees.

    cargo ship. ..., '1'1 eJ Fl1 ( fl'W) pM:Jkhaal (khonl) N merchant, trader, tradesman, shopkeeper. ,..., lbd-Jfl1 ( fl'W) m~ekhaal (khonl) N merchant (woman), shopkeeper, market woman, street
    v

    ~ 1ti1~ 'll 'W


    '

    kh.anaamlkh.afajl N cost of utilities

    (e.g. water and electricity).


    Fl1'U'1 ~ ~ kh.abamruul N subscription, member-

    ' ship fee,

    vendor.
    ..,

    ..,

    dues.

    s 1'WF11

    s 1'W)

    raankhaal (raanl) N store.

    Al
    iil n A1

    88
    ( Fl'W)

    A TU m

    lt1ugkhaa/ (khon')

    N customer.

    speculate.
    b fl'Wfl1 lil k;};:,nkhaad' beyond expectation. Al lil n'W 'd 1 khaad'kanwaat it is speculated that, A 1 lil fl::; b'W khAadkhanee' V
    v '

    ~'WA1

    'IJ

    "

    ( eJ811 ''VtJlil)

    srnkhaa/ (jaau'. chanfd 1 )

    N products, produce, commodities, merchandise, goods, cargo, freight. See cross reference.
    Al1 ( Al1)

    to speculate, guess.
    fl'l cl d-J--

    n 1 ~-- making a guess, speculating.


    khaau' (khaau')
    N chin, jaw.

    guess speculation.
    fll rl LII~ khAadth5od 1

    Al ~ bVi~ eJ ~

    khaau'lyau' s 1 a ng critically injured

    V to set a penalty for the

    near dead.
    ~ bVi6HJ:WA1 ~Vl:W
    ' d
    'IJ

    next recurrence of a violation for which at the


    ( HJ) slillam'khaaumuu/ (rt1ub')
    'IJ

    given moment punishment has been Withheld.


    A 1 rl V!J.J 1 t'J

    N g eo m. trapezoid.
    A1 ~ ( rl'd) khAau' (tua')

    khAadm.laj /

    V to expect, anticipate.

    N langur, a kind of monkey.

    fl1r!Vll~ khAadwitu' V to expect, anticipate.


    ~lilA 1 r1

    " A1 ~ ( el'W, A1 ~) khaau' (?an'. khaau') N 1. prop,


    pole (to support plants, e.g. beanpole). V 2. to remain; to lodge, be stuck, attached. 3. to remain over, be unfinished, pending. 4. to be behind in (one's payments), to be owing.

    phldkhfi:ad/ V 1. to be contrary to expecta-

    tion, disappointing. 2. to be disappointed (in expectations).


    fl1 bl1 ( 'lJ 11)

    khaatMa' (bOd')

    N 1. magic spell,

    magic words. 2. stanza (in certain verse forms).


    v

    " ~ A~ fl1

    "'

    khaukhaau'

    to be overdue. 2. to be

    fl1'W

    ( eJ'W)

    khaan' (?an')

    N 1. a horizontal beam,

    inabottleneck, be piled up (and awaiting action). 3. to be pigeonholed.


    A cl ~ Fi'W khaaukhyyn' com. to stay overnight,

    pole or stick used as a support. 2. lever. 3. beam (of a balance).


    ~

    fl1'Wrl rl

    khaandlid' N lever.
    ( el'W)

    spend the night (in a place). el eg.


    Al ~ b ~ ~ khaautau' v

    -+Syn.

    bb;J:J..IA'W.

    l~fl1'W

    majkhaan' (?an')

    N a bamboo pole

    used for carrying loads on the shoulder. co 11 o q. to be left unfinfl1'W khaan' V to oppose, contradict, be contradictory

    "

    '

    ished, to be held up (until another time). 2.


    v

    to.
    flrlflTW khadkMan' V to object (to), oppose. N f.J1t'Jfl1'W faajkhaan' N 1. negative side (in debate). 2. the opposition (in politics).

    to be left in the lurch.


    fl1

    ~ 5l

    (el'W, Al ~)

    khaauthlla 1 (?an 1, kMau')

    beanpole.
    Fl1 ~ b6 ~ :l..l khaauru::m' V

    to stay overnight, spend

    fll'W 1 rl'l khaanaadaa/ pN Canada. [f. Eng.] fl1'\J


    C9l

    the night.

    khAab' C period, cycle (of time).


    ( QtJ'U)

    f~l -1 l ~

    khaau'waj/ V 1. to remain, be left. 2.

    Vl'W ~ 8O~J.J;~ 1 tJ fll'\J


    (chabab')

    nausyyphim 1 raajkh.ab'

    to be left unfinished, partly done. 3. to be in debt, be owing.

    N periodical.

    fl1'\J l'l kh&ab' V to hold, seize, clamp (in the teeth,

    ~ l'W; 1 ~ 1 'd"

    ?aankhaau'waj/ to have left the

    in the beak).
    fl1'\J n 61 en khaabkl~u' to hold a pipe in one's mouth. fl'l'\Jll'W khaab'kan to overlap, partially coincide. A 1'\J b fitJ 'd khaabklaw' V to overlap, be overlapping,

    reading unfinished, to leave off reading.


    lil nA 1 ~ togkhaau' V
    ~

    to be left over, left behind.

    lil lilA 1 ~ tldkhaau' V 1. to be in debt, be owing.

    2. to be stuck, lodged (in something).


    t(1A 1 ~ namkhaau' N dew. A1
    Fll
    ~An

    extend over (into).


    fll'U8J.Jm

    " "'

    ( lil 'd ) khaaukh6g/ (tua/)

    N toad.

    kh&ab/samud') N geog. peninsula.


    fll'\J b 8'W khaabs~n' to be situated on the border

    "

    ( bb'Vf~, A 1'\J8:wm) kMab'samud 1 (htu'.

    '

    '

    ~A 1 'd ( rlcl) khaaukhaaw' (tua 1 ) N bat (mammal).


    <0

    A1 lil

    khaad' V to put around, to tie around, to


    !.:;

    line.

    belt, to strap.
    Al lil A'W khaadkhan' V to press for; to constrain.

    colloq to give in, surrender, yield completely.


    fl1 'U m in
    ! 'lJ A l 'lJ

    Al v1 l1 khaad' V to anticipate, expect, guess,

    dabkh.ab/ V to be peaceful,

    FllJ-1 tranquil; to be subdued. Fll Jj in Fl n Fll Jj khugkhaam' q

    89
    !ish by such suffixes as -tion, -ment, -ance

    to threaten, loom

    (-ence), -ing, etc., or by no suffix if the English noun 1s identical with the verb. In spite of such renditions, F(1 is in no sense a substitute for A'l1:W. On the contrary, Fl'1 is required when the noun has reference to words or to what is uttered in words. Most verb-based nouns

    menacingly. FllrJ
    @)

    khaaj/ V 1. to spit out. 2. to give off (e.g.

    steam). 3. to secrete. FllrJ


    ~;J

    khaaj/ V to be rough (to the touch).

    formed by using Fl~fl are listed only under the verbs from which they are derived. Thus to find 1'11~ D'U, look under
    j;J

    Fl J-1 Fl 'l rJ khomkhaaj/ V 1. to be attractive and bright-looking. 2. to be witty. lbr!Lifl'lrJ jhbkhaaj/ V 1. to be ingenious, skillful, clever. 2. to be right, appropriate, wise.

    eJ'U.

    The following

    examples are a sample selected for study. They are arranged according to the English suffixes just mentioned.
    Fl1.ffbb'

    VWllJFllrJ Ftabkhaaj/ V to be crude, coarse, vulgar, unmannerly (in speech or action). Fll rJ ( Fll rJ) kMaj/
    (kh~aj/)

    kham/chficeeg/ explanation.

    Fl'1t.i 8 khamj~b/ abbreviation.

    Fl'1 bb !:1~ ~ kham/thal~eg/ declaration. statement,


    announcement.
    Fl'1'Wiil khamphOud/
    ' Fl'ln ~ 1 'l khamkl~aw/ a saying.

    N 1. camp (e.g. army

    camp). 2. stockade.

    '

    spoken word, uterance.

    ~ 1 rJ nn ll'W'

    -- v1 iJI

    ( Fl 'l rJ 'bb'VI ~ )

    kh.1ajkagkan/, N concen-

    Fl'llil1 khamcJAa/ cursing, abuse (in words).


    A'1~ ei'W khams5::m/

    kMajkagkanchiiwfd 1 (kMaj/, hen') tration camp.

    (a) teaching, doctrine.

    A'1'U'W khambbn/ complaint. A'1'tl11il khamkh~ad/ ultimatum,

    ~ 'lrJlln b'l.i6W
    Fl1rJ'I1VI1SLJn

    ( Fl'lrJ)

    khtlajkag'chal;;,;;,j/ (khtlaj/)

    Ff1l1'bj/b]l1 kham/sil.njaa/ promise.

    N prisoner-of-war camp. (Fl1rJ) kMajthaManbOg' (khtlaj/)

    Fl'11 ~ 'l8'W khamwigw:>:m/ plea, supplication. Fl'18"Wt.J D:W kham/jinj:>:>m/ consent.

    N army camp.
    A 1 J J-1 khaarom' N eloquent talk; apt language.

    NOTE 2.

    1'1.1 can also be placed in front of

    nouns to fonn a new noun derivative. Terms

    Fll:J'd::: khaarawa?/ N eleg. respect. Fl'J'lJ-IlFl'lJ'W. Fll 'J


    GJ

    -Syn.

    for the parts of speech are formed in this "Nay; see A'1n St.! 1, A'1~j)jfi"''Wl';-,

    khaaw' V to be fishy (in smell) ( eJLI1


    ~, ~

    NOTE 3. Wherever 'il1!'U is indicated as the classifier, or one of the classifiers, in the following entries, it is to be remembered that a
    written item is referred to.

    ''IHH Fl 11

    'l'W) kh:S;)nkhaaw' (jaan'. caan')

    N dish of the main course prepared of meat orfish. Contrast


    ~
    ~eJ~VI'dl'W

    "dessert."

    eJ 1 8111 'IJ eJ 1 Fl1 'J kh:S;)nsod' kh:S;)nkhaaw' N fresh, raw foods (often esp. raw meats).

    n~LJFl'l klabkham' V to go back on one's word.


    fi"1 n ~ Ll1 ( r1'1) kham'karijaa', - krl- (kham') N -+Also Fl'11HrJl.
    .-'

    l Vl~'WF111 menkhaaw/ to stink, smell foully of raw meat, blood, fish. Fll1 ~;J in Fll ~ Fl11 bat (mammal). ( iJl 'J) khaankhaaw' (tua') N

    gram. verb.

    Fl' 1 n ~ Ll11 b Fi 'e}f!J ( Fl' 1) kham 1 - karijaa'wiseed' (kham/) Fl' 1 n 611 'J N gram. adverb. N

    ( 'IJ eJ , L1 '11) khamklaaw' (kh~b/, bOd')


    ""

    Fh

    GJ

    kham' N "gold." Chiefly in compounds.


    '
    "-'

    a saying. Fl'1n611 'JVI1


    (kh~b',

    -syn.YieJ~.

    ( 'IJeJ '1J J::; n 1 s 'Fl'l)

    kham'klaawhil.a 1

    '11eJ~Fl1

    ( bl'Yl~, neJ'W) th;);)nkham' (then'. k~'bn')

    prakaan', kham')

    N accusation, charge. N gram.

    N gold; yellow gold. Fl'l ~;J


    (

    Fl'1nSrJ1 N 1. word, words, verb.

    (Fl'l) kham'kirijaa' (kham') -Usually r1'1n ~[11.

    Fl'l) kham' (kham')

    (oral) speech. C 2. mouthful, bite. 3. elf. for an utterance, a word.


    NOTE 1. A'1

    Fl'1'1J eJ l 'll'e} ( ; eJ, 1J S::: n 1 ~) kham'kh:s;)tMod' (kM;)', prakaan') Fl'1'1J eJ s eJ ~ oob') Flo1'/J 1111
    ""

    -Syn.

    bleJrJ.

    N apology, excuse.

    ( '~ eJ, QDLJ) kham 1 kh5Jr5Jn' (kh~b', cha::: N petition; request (for help).

    is frequently placed in front of

    verbs of speaking, saying, asking, etc., to form noun derivatives. It is usually rendered in Eng-

    ( '/J eJ, QtJLJ) khamkhaad' (kh~b', chaoob')

    90
    N ultimatum.
    1'11tl~bll1bll.

    ( 'V 1 t1 s ~ n 1 :1 )

    khamJ'patljaanJ' (kh~:JJ',

    prakaanJ') gram. adjective.


    1'1'1tl :1 ~ n 1 A
    (kh~:1J',

    N promise, vow.

    ( 'V 1 , Q'U'U , 1 tJ 1 ~ ) khamJ'prakaadJ'


    N announcement.
    ( 'V 1 QtJ'U 't1 s ~ n 1 :1 ) khamJ'prathUatJJ'

    "
    "

    '

    Ft1~ 0 1rl~l'l'J 1J..J ( eJtJ 1 ~) khamJ'-camlffidJ'khwaamJ'


    (jaanJ') N the definition (of a word).
    (; 1, tJ ~ ~ n 1 ~)

    chababJ', jaatJJ')

    1'11tl :1 ~ 't1 'J ~

    "

    l'lo1.ffLL~ ~
    1'11 b

    khamJ'chfictJJ'

    (kh~:JJ',

    (kh~:JJ',

    chababJ', prakaanJ')
    or

    N protest.
    N poetry,

    prakaanJ')

    N explanation. khamch88n)' (khamJ', chababJ')

    1'11tl:i~i'Ws

    ('U'tl)

    khamJ'praphanJ' (bbdJ')

    vqr (1'11. QtJ'U)

    writing (esp. poetry, but also prose).


    1'11tl s 1 AStJ

    N 1. invitation. 2. request.
    ' 1'11~ 1

    khamJ'praasay N cordial speech or

    ( 1'11) khamdaaJ' (khamJ')

    N abuse (in

    address.
    1'11 L~'W ( 1'11)

    words), cursing.
    1'11~ ~ 1

    khampenJ' (khamJ') N live syllable

    '

    ( 1'11) khamJ'du?daaJ' (khamJ')


    .

    N a scold-

    (in the Thai orthography), i.e. a syllable ending in a long vowel or a sonorant. ->-Opp. 1'1'1l111 tJ. ' l'l 1LLt1Sl ( eJtJ 1 ~) khampl)' (jaanJ') N translation,
    0

    ing, (words of) abuse . ..., N an insult.

    meaning.
    1'1'11:J s 6111'1'1 ( 1'11)

    khamJ'-pharudJ'saw.adJ' (kham/)

    answer, reply.
    1'11WI1 tJ ( 1'11) khamtaaV (khamJ') N dead syllable

    e 1 eg. N abusive words, vulgar words, curses, obscene language.


    or "-' '

    '

    (in the Thai system of writing), i.e. a syllable ending in a short vowel or a stop consonant. -+Opp. 1'11L~'W.
    1'11A 6M !J'W khamJ'tl ?tianJ' N criticism (disapproval). 1'11 ~ 1J..J
    d

    1'1TVW1n~bll.

    ('VeJ,tl:i~n1S,1tJ1~)

    khamJ'phajaa=: N forecast, pre-

    k:1:1nJ'

    (kh~:1J',

    prakaanJ', jaatJJ')

    diction, prophecy.
    1'1'1'W'W 1 n'bf1 ( 1 tJ 1 ~ )

    khamJ'phipMagsAaJ' (jaauJ')

    "' ( 'V 1 , 1'11 n1 J..J) khamthAamJ'


    0

    (kh~:1J', kham=:

    N verdict, decision.
    1'11'W~
    'IJ

    thAamJ') N question. o
    L1'1 HH 'Vrl.J 1 tJ 1'11 n1 :J.J khr9atJmAaVkhamthAamJ'

    ( 1'11)

    khamphQudJ' (khamJ')

    N spoken word,

    utterance. o sn'bf11'11'W~ ragsAaJ'khamphQudJ' to keep one's


    'IJ

    the question mark. ..., 1'1'1umH ('VeJ,tl~~n1:l) khamJ'thaletJ)' (kh~:JJ', prakaanJ') ment.
    1'1Tfl1'W 1 tJ ( 'V 1, t1 ~ ~ n 1 :1 ) khamJ'thamnaaj J' (kh~:1J',

    N declaration, statement, announce-

    word . ..., ..., ' 1'1'1'1i 1 ~ ( 'V 1 , t1 :1 ~ n 1 s , 1 tJ 1 ~ ) khamf:btJJ' (kh~:JJ', prakaanJ', jaau/) N accusation, charge. .v ..... '-' 1'1'1:J.J'W 61bllbll1 ( 'V 1 , t1 S ~ n 1 S ) khamm.nJ' sAnjaaJ' (kh~bJ', prakaanJ') N promise, pledge.
    N abbreviation.

    prakaanJ') N a prophecy.
    1'1'1'W 1:J.J ( 1'1'1) khamnaamJ' (khamJ') 1'1'1'W 1 ('U'tl) khamnamJ' (oodJ')
    0

    N noun.

    1'11tJ 1

    ( 1'1'1) khamj~:JJ' (khamJ')

    N preface, fore-

    1'11U'WtJl:J.J

    (;eJ,tJ:~~n1n
    N consent.

    khamJ'jinj:J:Jm)' (kM:1J',

    word. ->-Dist. 'U'tl'W 1, ...,


    0

    prakaan/) khamJ'n?namJ' (kh~bJ',


    1'11;1

    1'1'1U'W~'W'1

    ('V1,tla~n1S)

    ( ; 1 , QtJ'U)

    khamr5:JtJJ' (kh5:JJ', chababJ')


    '

    prakaanJ')
    '

    N advice, suggestion, instruction.

    N petition.
    1'11 L611 ~ 1
    '

    1'11'\.J'W

    ..., ( 'V 1 , t1 ~ ~ n 1 ~ ) khambonJ' (kM:1J', prakaan/)

    ( La 1 ~ , t1 a~ n 1 ~ , 1 tJ 1 ~ ) khamJ'l.wlyyJ'

    N complaint.
    1'11'\.J 1 n ( 1'11'\.J 1 n) khamb~:1gJ' (khamb:'J:JgJ') N

    (r9atJJ', prakaanJ', jaau) N rumor. ..., ' 1'111 ~ H'W ( 'VeJ,Iil,tJ'U, eJtJ 1 ~, tls~n 1 s)

    khamJ'wiu=: N sup-

    dictation (in class).


    '

    1'11'\.J 1 n LSl1 1'11tJbll'll1 n 1 ~


    (kh~:JJ',

    ( 1 tJ 1 ~) khamJ'b~:JgHiwJ' (jaanJ')

    w:J:JnJ' (kh5:JJ', chababJ', jaanJ', prakaanJ')


    N

    plication, plea.

    the spoken word, word (of mouth).


    (; 1 t1 ~ ~ n 1 J ) khamJ'banchaakaanJ'

    1'111~ 1

    s; (;1' 1~ 1 ~. t1 :1 ~n 1:1)
    jaatJJ', prakaanJ')

    khamJ'wicaanJ'

    (kh~:1J',

    N commentary, criti-

    prakaanJ')

    N order, command.

    cism.

    91
    F1'11

    "' bfhrrn ( F1"1) kham'wiseed' (kham') N ad'IJ

    mony, make a statement.


    ''1flfl,1fil eJLJFl'1 philud'kham'-6:Jb'kham' to say

    jective, adverb.
    F1"15itl bl ( F1'1)

    kham' sabod' (kham')

    N swear

    scarcely anything and only when asked, be taciturn .

    word.
    fl"15iel'W

    (;1,1~1~,tJ~:;;n1s,tli'llil)
    jaan', prakaant, chanfd')

    khams:S::m' doctrine,

    iil'WFl'1 Htn'kham'

    .u

    1. to say, speak, declare. 2.

    (kh~:J',

    to commit oneself, give one's word .....Syn.


    S'Wtl1n com., S'W'J1Gl1

    teaching . .u " ' f1'1[;1 ~ ( '1.1 J, Jt.J11, tJ ~:;; n 1 jaau'. prakaan') tion(s).
    ' F1'1Gf181'W

    eleg. C 2. day

    khamsant (kh5:JI,

    F1'1 kh~m' N 1. dusk, nightfall, evening.

    N order, command, instruc-

    of the (waxing or waning) moon. V 3. to be dusk, dark.

    ' ('I.I1,1EJ11,th::::n1:J,'I.Ii'llil)

    "

    kham 1 sau:::::

    F1'1

    'l
    '

    kh~mkh~m'

    at night, of nights.
    1. to become dark. 2. at dusk.

    s~iJnl (kh~:JI,

    jaan'. prakaan', chanid') N teach-

    Fl'1611 kh~m'lon' fil el'WFl'1 t:J:Jnkh~m'

    ing, counsel, precept.


    0

    (in the) evening, (at) night.

    <V

    '-'

    Q..l

    Fl 'l5ibllbll1
    (kh~:JI,

    ( '1.1 1, IQ'ULJ, tJ :l:::: n 1 :l)

    khamlsil.njaa/ N promise. N

    ---s y n.
    " ' ~ eJ Fl'1
    meal.

    b d 611 Fl' 1 .

    chabab', prakaan')

    " ( ~ eJ ) myykh~m' (mjy')

    N dinner, evening

    F1'18Jl1~fil 9

    (ll'il) kham'-suphaa'sld' (bOd')

    proverb.
    F1'1vW 1LJ ( F1'1) khamjaab' (kham')

    EJ UJFI'1 jaamkh~m'

    1. evenings, in the evening.

    N vulgar
    ~

    N 2. evening (from sunset to midnight).


    EJ'1F1'1 j~mkh~m'

    word(s), vulgar speech.

    6 P.M.

    F1'11;n1~ (;e:J,QDLJ,e:J~11,tl:J:;;n1:l)
    kaan'
    (kh~:J',

    kham'Mj::::: N tes-

    'd'W'IJ'W

    &'

    GJ

    F1'1 wankh)Tn'n}rukh~m' the first day of

    '

    chaoob', jaau'. prakaan')

    the waxing moon.


    1'WtJ1 Fl'1 wan'jankMm' from morn till night,

    timony.
    F1'11

    ;''! :l

    ( ,; eJ, QDLJ, tJ

    ~:;; n 1 :l)

    kham 1 Mjph:J:Jn'
    V

    all day long.


    Q..l \,

    chababl, prakaan') N blessing, greeting. " ' Fl' 1 eJ 6'U 1 tJ ( '1.1 eJ , t1 'i1 , eJ tJ 11 , IJ :l :;; n 1 ~ , 'l.li'lrl ) kham':::::: ?athfbaajl
    (kh~:J',

    (kh~:J',

    a.../

    'l'WEJ 1 FI1Fl'WEJ 1 ~ 1 wan'jaukh~m'-khyyn 1 jauriln'

    co 11 o q. all day and all night.


    1'Wu HJ
    GJ

    bod', jaau', prakaan', chanfd')

    A'1

    wanre~::m'nynkh~m'

    the first day

    N explanation.
    F1'1 eJ hr~ l'kl
    ( tJ fl, eJ EJ
    '

    of the waning moon. 11) khamt?athidthil.an' (bOd',


    b 1 6'11 Fl'1 weelaakh~m'
    '

    (in the) evening, (at) night.

    jaau')
    9

    N prayer; wish.
    (ff1)

    -Syn. filel'Wfi'1.

    F1'1eJ~1flSI1d~n

    kham'-?ucaad'laam6g'

    vh F1'1
    9

    huakh~m' dusk, early evening.


    colloq.

    (kham')

    N obscene word; an obscenity. V to retract; to revoke one's

    Vl1:W~ 1Vl1:WFI'1 Mamriln'Mamkh~m'

    AWFI"1 khyyn 1 kham 1

    all day and all night; day and night.


    ' eJ 1Vl1 :l F1'1 ?aahil.ankh~m' N dinner, the evening

    promise.

    tfrl~e.JtJ'IiflFI"1 cMdth~jlcMdkham'
    ble.JEJ F1'1

    sV elab.
    '-'

    meal.
    Fl'1
    '-'

    co 11 o q. clearly, distinctly, articulately.

    kham' V to support, hold up, prop up.


    Fl'1 ~ 'W khamcun' V to support, prop up.
    " 9

    ""

    ( F1'1)

    th~jkham' (kham')

    N words, ex-

    pression, speech.
    tJ1nFI'1
    (tl1nFl'1,eJEJ'1~)

    Fl'1tJ :l:;; rl'W kham'prakan'

    to guarantee.

    n 1 ~--

    paagkham 1

    (paagkham',

    guarantee.~--

    guarantor.

    jaau')

    N 1. spoken word, words. 2. testimony,

    Fl'Tw 1m khamnuan' V 1. to calculate; to estimate.

    statement.
    ' o iii e:JlJ 1 n r1'1 t8:J'paagkham'

    N 2. mathematics (used in a loose sense). 1. to talk back, -Cf. 2. Flrnfil.


    1 '1.11 F1'1'W 'll], wichaa'khamnuan' N mathematics. Fl"TwtJ khamnab' V to salute.

    argue back and forth. 2. to have words (with someone).


    " o lvrtJ1nr1"1 Mjpaag 1 kham' totestify,givetesti-

    F1'1il~(~1) khamnyu'(thyu:::::) V lit.,eleg. tothink

    92
    (of), take into consideration.
    A"1 Hl khamron' V 1 it. to roar, resound. 'l'l1A"1S'W faalkhamron' lit.,eleg. itthunders. A"1S'U khamr6b' C time, round, turn.
    ' .J

    Fl ~ s 1l'J khidraajl to intend to do harm, to plot

    against.

    "'

    A~ 6 ~'tJ khfdl@eg' to calculate, compute.

    bFISeJ~--

    adding machine, calculating machine, computer.

    o n~1'd L.;)'WA"1~'U'l16ieJ~ klaaw'-penkhamr6b'th!i= s3:->u' to say (something) for the second time.
    A"u 1:W khamraam' V to roar, growl.

    A~ 'd 1 khidw1ia' to think that.

    A~ 6li'W khfdh~n' V to think, to deem. A 'd l :W-opinion, idea. o

    A~ khfdl V tothink,figure,calculate. A'd1:W-(see below). -syn .

    .Wn.
    N idea, point
    A~
    ~

    AbilA~ '

    LVr'W eJ ~ 1 ~ 1 s khun'- khfdh~n'jaaurajl ~

    What do you think? What is your opinion?

    'tJ'UA~ khob'khfdl V to crack, solve (a problem).


    'tJ eJ A~ ( 'tJ eJ ) kh~bkh f d' (kM:->')

    A~ eJ eJ n khfd?~:->g' V to figure out, solve.


    eJ l'W khfd?aan' V to use one's head (esp. in

    worth considering, something to think about.

    bettering one's situation), to think, plan.


    I

    FJ'UA~ ( rl'U) kh6bkhfd'(ka=)

    l"lo

    V to conspire.

    t'1~'Wnt'1~FI~

    cMunyg'cMukhfd'

    elab.

    FJ ;'WA~ khrilnkhfdl V to brood, meditate persist-

    '

    co 11 o q. to be good at thinking, full of ideas.

    ently (about).

    1;A~
    J.,
    ~

    d1ijkhfdl to realize, become aware of, regain


    ~

    Fl 'd 1:WA ~ khwaamkhfd' N thought, thoughts, idea;

    one's senses.
    'W~FI~'WeJ'WFI~

    thinking. o

    n1iu'khfd'-n:->::m'khfdl V to think

    1;FJ'd1:wA~
    1:W'WnFI~

    rajlkhwaamkhfd' to be unthinking,
    ~

    unceasingly. l'J ~ Fl ~ jaukhfd' V to ponder, pause to think.


    ~

    not using one's head.


    Fl'd

    ""

    khwaamnygkhfd' N thinking.
    khfdkh6d'(t~:->')

    GleJ~A~~ b:->u'khfdduu', b:->ukhid'-duu=


    'II

    to think

    A~FI~ ( lileJ)
    'II

    V to plan to betray.
    'II

    (it) over.

    A~~ khfdduu/ V to think over, ponder, deliberate. A~liln khfd'tog' to have solved (a thinking prob-

    ii1nA~
    'II

    (el'W) lO.ugkhfdl(?an')

    N abacus.

    o ~~~nA~ dlid'lOugkhfdl 1. to figure or calculate with an abacus. 2. colloq. to figure the angles.

    lem), have gotten over (a life problem).

    A~D~ khidthY1J' to think of, to miss.


    o LmJFI 'd 1:WA~ li~ doojkhwaam'khfdthY1J' with thoughts of you. Used as the complimentary close of a letter to a friend.
    A'd

    Vi'd'WA~ hUankhfd' to think back, recall.


    A'd. khiw' the English letter "Q." [f. Eng.]

    khiw' N queue, line. [f. Eng.]


    6 'tJ l Fl 'd

    kh1iwkhiw' V to queue up. khfw' (khfwl) N eyebrow.

    A~b'W:W:wniu khfd'najmumklab' idiom. 1. to


    take or consider an antithetic point of view. 2. conversely.

    '

    "' A'd

    ( A'd)
    "'

    "'

    "' 'tJ:W1~fld khamuad'khfw' to knit the brow, frown.


    unA'd jagkhfw/ to flutter the eyebrows (indicating

    A~ L.;)'W khfdlpen= to be figured in (such and


    such a kind of money, currency).

    assent or acknowledgment, or as when a man flirts with a woman).

    A~ 6V'W ~'W

    khfd'pen?)ryn' co 11 o q.

    to think other.J

    L~nA1 l~8gkhfw' to raise the eyebrows (in surprise) .


    Fl khtil N (as n. mod.) odd ( opp. of even).
    'd
    'II

    "'

    wise, have one's own opinion, take (it) to mean something else.
    A~ 1'll khid'pajl to think about it; when one thinks

    -o p p.

    ~.

    AFl khOukhti/ N 1. odd or even. V 2. to be about even, equal. See cross reference.
    LGl'tJA
    d
    0

    about it.

    A~~VeJ'U khfd'mfch~bbl to have evil intentions,


    have unrighteous thoughts.

    ('l1'W'd'W,Iil'd)

    l@egkh!i/(camnuan',tua')
    Lii1'l.J~.

    N odd number. -Opp.


    <00

    "' A~~~~ntl khfd'-mfdiilmfraajl elab. eleg.


    to have evil intentions.
    AIn1~ eJ eJ n khfdlm1ij?:,:->g' cannot figure (it) out,

    FI'U khtib' V to grip, take up (with forceps, chop-

    sticks, etc.).
    t11 nFJ'U ( el'W)

    paagkhtib' (?an')

    N forceps.

    cannot solve (it).

    A:J.J ( el'W)

    khiim' (?an')

    N pincers, tongs, pliers.

    93

    "' All khyg/ V to be in high spirits.

    V 2. to crawl (as a measuring worm); to inch forward.


    A'Ul-I'W 1 khWbn~a/ V to progress, advance.

    An An
    A'W
    IQl

    khygkhag/ V to be animated, in high spirits

    (of persons), lively (of places). khyyn' C night.

    AeJ khyy/ V to be (as follows, as defined); namely.


    -syn. 1;bbrl. o n 1f;H ~ eJ -1 'IJ eJ Hi eJ -1 AeJ ~ kamla:gs3:JtJ'kh5:JtJS5:JtJ'0
    Q..l

    n Si1-1 fi'W klaa:gkhyyn' at night, in the rught . Fl1 -1 Fl'W khaa:gkhyyn/ com. to stay overnight,

    ..,

    ""

    Cl

    spend the night (in a place). el eg .

    -Syn.

    Lb~l-JA'W.

    ..,

    . "' !lf;11'JFleJ
    AeJ 'l 1
    9

    khyysiil the square of two is four. kUtawkhyy/ that is; namely.

    A'Wit khyynnfi/ tonight. A'WtJ-1 ~ -1 khyyn/ja:grfitJ/ the whole night through,


    9

    khyyw~a' that is, that is to say.

    Fl kb(t?/ to smolder. An
    9

    all night long.


    o...' CV lc

    "-"'

    o 'd'lH.J -1Fl1Fl'WtJ

    -1; -1
    I

    ..,

    0)

    ul-1 -1

    , An ) khug/ (h:g', khug')


    G

    N prison, jail.

    wanja:gkh~m'khyynja:gliltJ'

    ~ Fl n kh'i:ikhug/ V co 11 o q. to be a jailbird.
    9

    co 11 o q. all day and all night.


    A'W 1'W b~bll khyyn'wanphen/ night of the full moon. A'W 1 1'W khyyn'waan/ the night before last.
    0
    d

    s(1Flll camkhug' V to jail, imprison.


    9

    Lb Vln ~ n hhg'khugl V to break out of jail, break

    jail.
    ~n
    ~

    o<.'";l

    bl-JeJA'W'l1'W,--'W

    a-

    m~akhyyn/waanl, m~akhyyn':::

    l!J

    in

    ~ n L'IJ 1
    ~

    waannfi/ the night before last.


    '11-1 A'W tha:gkhyyn/ all night, the whole night. '11 nA 'W thugkhyyn' every night.
    G

    n m in

    n Fl1l-J

    v to kneel. khugkhaam/ v to threaten,


    khugkhaw'

    loom

    !::; ""

    menacingly.
    ~

    -1

    ( ~ -1 )
    9

    khu:g' (khu:g') N bend of a watercourse. penkhutJ/penkhwee' idiom.,elab.

    'llllA'W 1'W thugkhyyn/wan' night and day, by night


    G

    b~'W;-1 L~'WbbA'l
    a story).
    ~m
    IQl

    and by day. L'l'W -1 A'W th'i:a:gkhyyn' midnight.


    Ll-J eJ A'W, - - 'W
    d
    Ci

    co 11 o q. lengthily, at great length (as in telling

    <]

    ""

    d-'

    m~akhyyn',

    m9akhyyn'nii/ last night.

    khun', khunna::: quality. -Syn.

    N com. good, virtue, value,


    ~S::::Am
    9

    bb ~ l-J A'W reemkhyyn' V e 1 e g. to spend the night.

    eleg. NOTE. Am l!J 9

    -syn.

    Fl1-1A'W

    com.

    is related but specialized in meaning.


    'IJeJ'UAm kh?:l:Jbkhun' eleg. 1. Thank you! Thanks!
    9

    1'W~A'W~ wandiilkhyyndii/ colloq. one fine day,


    on a certain day.
    Vl1tJ1'Wl-11tJA'W Majwan/Majkhyyn' elab. colloq.

    V 2. to thank.
    9

    A1 Ul--

    thanks, gratitude.

    FlmA 'l,1l-J~ khun'khwaamdii' N good, goodness,

    to recover quickly (from sickness); to improve (in health) from day to day.
    A'W l!J khyyn/ V to return (what is lost, borrowed). ll6l'UA'W klabkhyyn' V 1. to return, go back.
    0

    virtue.
    L)

    ~:::: n eJ'UAmFl d 1l-J~ prak?:l:Jb'-khun'khwaamdii' 9

    to do good.
    FlmA 1 khunkh.a/ N value.
    9

    2.

    to restore. 3. to get back, recover. sV 4. back.


    A'WA01 khyyn/kham' V to retract, revoke one's

    ~m6

    s ~ l-J

    khunnatham' N 1. moral principles.

    2. virtue, goodness.
    AmiJ ~:::: 1tJ
    9

    'IJJ

    khun'prajoodi * N usefulness, utility,

    promise.

    value, beneficialness, advantageousness.


    Am~~ ::::'IJ'J tJ
    9

    A'W~ khyyn'dii' to be reconciled.

    '

    khunphra?/ch1lajl~ Oh, my goodness!

    l;( ... ) A'W

    d.j( ... )khyyn' to get (such and such)

    (used esp. by w.; calling on the virtues of Buddha).

    back, regain (such and such).


    b ~ tJ n ( . ) A'W r'i:ag( ... )khyyn' to recall, revoke. b eJ 1 A'W ?awkhyyn/ to take back; to win back. A'U kh~yb' C 1. a span, i.e. a unit of linear mea-

    Am~~:::: f'l i'lil'W l111 s khun'-phraslilrad'tanatrajl N 9


    the virtues of the Three Gems (of Buddhism, viz. the Buddha, his teaching, and his disciples).
    ~mJl

    khunnapMab/ N quality.

    sure, from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the middle finger when the hand is spread out.

    Amin"cl-m:::: khun'nalag'sana?t N quality, qualities,

    '

    attributes (of a desirable nature).

    94
    Q

    Fl:W
    9

    ~b\l11ill

    khunnawud/thf?/ N qualification, compe-

    the wife of a man in the conferred rank of


    '\'i
    ~::;

    tence. o 'YIHFlbll'd!ill sou/-khunnawud/thf?/ V eleg.


    9 9

    lJ 1 ,

    or the wife of a premier or outstanding

    minister). T 2. title placed before the first name of such a lady. Hence "Lady--," "Madame -- ." -See
    b ~ 1 Flb\l
    9

    to be qualified, competent, have the necessary qualifications.

    ...

    below.

    Flb\lrf'I'I'YI, Fl'1-9

    ( Fl'1)

    khunnasab/, kham/khunnasab/

    ~b\lVi~

    khunnuu/ P de f. 1. you; he, him, she, her

    (kham/) N gram. adjective.

    (sp. to or of a child; esp. used by servants of the household). T 2. title placed before the name of a child; hence "Master -- ," "Miss -- ."
    b ~ 1~b\l c~wkhun/ P 1. you; he, him (sp. to or of

    Flb\l61:i-JlJ~ khun/s~mbad/, khunnas~mbad/ N quality, 9


    property.
    lb'YI'WFlb\l theen/khun/ to repay a kindness to.
    9
    <;

    biJ'WFlb\l penkhun/
    9

    1. to be good, beneficial. 2.

    a man in the conferred ranks of '\'1 ~::; lJ 1


    l ~ 1'\'i ~::; lJ 1) .

    and

    for the benefit of.


    '\'1 ~::; ~b\l phrakhun/ N e 1 e g. beneficence, benevo-

    2. you; she, her (sp. to or of

    high- ranking ladies of the court). T 3. title placed before the first names of persons described in 1 and 2. -See
    Flb\lVi~ ~ above for wife of
    9

    lence. -syn.
    9

    ~b\l

    0J

    com.

    o '/Hl'U'\'1 ~::; Flb\l kho;:,b/phnikhun/ e 1 e g. de f. 1. Thank you! V 2. to thank.


    iJFlbll miikhun/ to be beneficial, useful, good; to
    9

    ril , - - ~

    khud/, khudkhuu/ V to crouch, cower.

    have value, be of value.

    Fl ril 'YI::; ~ l ril ,


    9

    1~A- -

    khudthar~ad/, r5og/khudthar~ad/

    1;Flb\l Mjkhun/ ' ful.


    Flb\l il khun/
    9

    V to do good, be beneficial, use9

    N yaws, frambesia.
    A'W ( rl'U)

    khun/(ka~)

    V 1. to get used (to), be accus-

    P 1. def.,com. you; paired with

    f.J:W

    tomed (to), be intimate, familiar (with). 2. to be tame.


    A'WbFllJ(rl'U)

    def. m. sp. "!,me,"

    ~Q'W def. w. sp. "I, me.

    T 2. de f. title used before the first names of both men and women; sometimes translated "Mr., Mrs., Miss" but usually best left untranslated in English. 3. title used before certain relationship terms as '\'1 eJ "father," bb:W er." -Related to
    ~b\l

    '

    khUnkh~~j/(ka~) V tobewellac-

    quainted, familiar (with); to be habituated (to). A1 1 :W- ~--

    acquaintance (with), familiarity (with).

    acquaintance (person).

    "mothl ~ 1 l.!J.

    Fl'WVi khunhuu/ V to sound familiar, be familiar


    9 "

    0J.

    -co mp.

    to the ear.

    -Syn. 'YI1'W eleg. def.


    ~b\lA ~

    ~ ~niln Fl'W ruucag/magkhun/ v


    " 9

    e lab. c

    ll 0 q.

    khunkhruu/ P e 1 eg. 1. you; he, him, she,


    ~:W

    to be acquainted (with), know personally. khum/ V to take care of, watch over, take charge of.
    ~--

    her; Teacher (sp. to or of a teacher). T 2. title placed before first name of a teacher.
    Flb\l'W 1lJ khunnaaj/ P 1. you (sp. to the wife of
    9

    warden, prison guard; warder, keeper,

    one who has custody (of a detained person).


    d A'W~:W b Fl ~

    any government official up to the rank of '\'1 ~::; ) . T 2. title placed before the first name of such a lady. N 3. def. madame, lady (in reference to one's employer).
    ~b\l'\'i

    eJ ~ khon/khumkhJ1au/ N the operator

    of a machine.
    Fl ') 'U ~ :W khD.abkhum/ V 1. to control, supervise,

    place under supervision. 2. to detain. control.


    ~

    Fl 'd 1 :W--

    eJ

    khunph~;:,/

    P e leg. 1. you; he, him;


    9

    ~-

    supervisor, chaperon.

    Father (sp. to or of one's father). N 2. father (of someone).


    ~b\lll:W khunm~e/

    Fll--ln'W khum/kan~ to get together, gather, unite.


    ~:w'IJ ~

    khumkhi1:!]/ V to jail, imprison, detain in

    e leg. P 1. you; she, her;


    9

    custody.
    A:WlbA'W khumkhten/ V to harbor resentment

    Mother (sp. to or of one's mother). N 2. mother (of someone).

    (toward).
    b Fl ~ eJ ~ Fl:i-!el1 n 1 F1 .,
    d

    ~b\lVl~ ~ khunjiu/ P 1. you; she, her (sp. to or of

    ( b Fl ~ eJ

    ~)

    khJ1aukhum/?aakaad/

    Ad.J
    9

    l9l

    95

    A
    'II

    (kh!Jau/)
    ~ d.J
    I9J

    N air-conditioner.

    AA khOukhtil N 1. odd or even. V 2. to be about


    'II

    '.I

    khum/ V to protect.
    l ~ eJA:l-Jrl'W
    ~

    even, equal. o
    l'tJ1d.J1FlFln'W khawmaa/khQukhti/-kan! They
    'II

    AJ.Jn'W k:humkan/ V to protect, guard against.

    '.l

    '

    voy, armed ship used as an escort.


    ~d.JA

    '

    ( 611) rya/khUmkan/ (lam/)

    N cono

    came out even (were evenly matched).


    l61'W~Fl

    'd

    l@n/khQukhti/ to play an odd-or-even

    :l eJ ~ k:humk:hr:J:JD/ V to protect, give protec-

    guessing game.

    tion to, watch over.


    Ad.J lil khum/ V to be worth.
    9

    ~lAI:J~
    'II

    (Fl'W)
    '

    khOukhiau/ (khon/) N spouse, mate.


    eJ ~ .

    -+S y n.
    Ab'l
    'II

    ~ Fl :l

    Ad.JFl1 q

    khumkh~a/

    V to be worth while, worth

    khOucaj/ (as n. mod.) faithful, trusted.


    d '
    'II

    the expense.
    Fld.J m.
    9
    q

    o
    ' '

    l'WeJ'WFlb'l ph?an/khQucaj/ N trustedfriend,

    See entries below.


    V 1. to lose one's temper.
    '11

    bosom companion. Alii eJ Gi


    l

    Fld.JFlt~ k:humkhl~D/
    ~

    '-'

    'II

    ( Fl 'W ) k:hQu /6:Js0u / (khon/)


    <"l!

    N (two) oppo-

    2. to be mad, insane.

    nents, antagonists; (one's) opponent.

    Fld.J~Fld.J:i11:J khumdiilkhumraav 9 9

    '-'

    elab. colloq.

    Fl'IJ1'WFll:l-JeJ~
    'II 'II

    khOuMan/khQumyau/ N elab. (as

    1. to be alternately sane and insane. 2. to be

    n. mod.) national, characteristic of the nation as a whole. o

    half crazy, mentally unhinged. 3. to be erratic, changeable in temper.


    ~

    .J1 H ~'W 61'1i11.-A~1'WA dj eJ ~ 'tJ eJ ~ 1118


    'II 'II

    cMau/ pen:::

    tJ khuj/ V

    1. com. to chat, talk, converse. 2.

    sad/- khOuMan/khOumyau/- kh:s:Jl)thaj! The elephant is the national animal of the Thai.
    ' ' Fl'IJ 11 Gi 11
    'II

    colloq. to brag, boast. el eg.

    -+Syn. 1. Gi'W'l1'W1

    ' ( Fl) khQu/ooaws<law/ (khQu/)


    'II

    N the

    Fl [) n'W khuj/kan/ to chat, converse (with one an9

    bride and groom.


    Fl ~11111 u1tJ
    'II

    other).
    Fli:J
    9

    ( Fl)
    'II

    khOuphi:ia/tuamia/ (khQu/)

    1'tJd.J ~
    '-'

    khuj/k:ham6ou/ to talk or boast loudly,

    elab. colloq. husband and wife. -+Syn.

    profusely.
    ~

    ~1
    1. to talk on and on, incessantly.
    Fl d.J eJ
    'II

    d'Jr.J
    '

    com. khOumyy/ (l@m/) N 1. handbook,

    tJ 'l eJ k:hujc:'b/

    .,

    ( l 61 d.J)

    2. to talk eloquently.
    Fl tJ 1111 k:hujtoo/ V colloq. to boast, talk big. q
    '

    manual. 2. always at hand (see example).


    "' r o lJ'WFld.JeJ pyyn/khQumyy/ ones favorite gun, the ;'\

    '

    'II

    'If 1 ~ Fl tJ 9
    ~tJ

    ch~auk:huj/

    V to be chatty, full of chatter.


    0

    gun one always takes along.

    khUV V to dig (with claws, as a dog), scratch the ground (as a chicken).

    VI'W ~ 8eJ A~ eJ
    'II

    ( l ~ d.J) nausyy1k:hQumyy/

    (l~m/)

    N handbook, manual.
    Fl :l n
    'll

    ( ~) khuu/ (khuu/)

    N small canal, ditch, moat.

    ( Fl'W)

    khOurag/ (khon/) N lovers, sweet-

    lVI~tJd.JFl llam/k:huu/ N idiom. deceit, cunning. 'II


    o d.J l Vl61 tJd.Jd.JFl miillam/miikhuu/ idiom., e 1 a b.
    'II

    hearts; (one's) sweetheart.


    ~llJ.J'W

    "'

    "'

    1:!

    ( Fl'W)

    khOum~n/

    (khon/) N fiance, fiancee,

    colloq. to be sly, cunning, crafty.


    Fl khQu/ C 1. elf. for pairs (of anything), couples.
    'II

    (one's) betrothed.
    ~1J

    ( Fl'W)

    khOuhi:iu/ (k:hon/) N 1. (an) intimate,

    2. (as n. mod.) even (opp. of odd). V 3. to be paired with. -+Opp. 2.


    d

    (one's) trusted companion. 2. (as n. mod.) intimate, trusted, faithful. o


    l 'W eJ'WFlVI ph?an/khQuhuu/ intimate friend, bosom
    'U'U

    Fl.

    ~wt!~,-V'W 'II
    (khon/)
    ~Fl :l

    ( A'W) khOukheu/, khOukheukhAn/

    N competitor, rival.
    N spouse,

    companion.
    l AI:J ~ Fl khiaukhQu/ two abreast, side by side.

    eJ ~

    ( Fl'W) khOukhr:J:JD/ (khon/)

    mate.
    '

    -+Syn. FllAtJ~.
    ' 'II 'II

    ~'IJ ~ 'II
    N
    1:!

    'II

    cabkhQu/

    to pair off, form a pair (with),

    FlFl11d.J
    'II

    ( Fl'W, Fl) khOuk:hwaam/ (khan/, khQu/)

    take a partner.

    one or both of the parties to a legal case, i.e. the plaintiff and/or the defendant.

    mA
    'II '

    '

    tMukhQu/ both.

    l bi'tJ~ l~egkhQu/ N even number (i.e. not odd).

    Fl

    'II

    96
    -Opp. b ~'i.!Fl.
    d

    m~jkhaaj'paj'! (I) have been accustomed only

    5n~~ Fl ?ags3;:mkh11u' N the paired consonants 'II


    in the Thai system of writing. See cross reference. -+Opp.
    Fl khuu' V to bend.
    'II

    to read about going there, but (I)'ve never gone.


    Fl'W b Flt.J ( rl'U)

    .., vn~~

    b 11W 'J.

    '

    khUnkhaaj' (ka:::) V to be well ac-

    quainted, familiar (with); to be habituated (to).


    'II

    bflt.J'l:J.Jn khaaj'camuug' V to smell familiar.

    Flbl! khuun' V math. to multiply.


    'II

    n1s--

    math.

    b f1 t.J~'W

    khaajchin' V to be familiar (with), accusfamiliarity, habit.

    multiplication .
    ~'JFlbl!
    'II
    '11

    tomed (to). fl'J 1:J.J-multiplier.

    ..,

    tuakhuun' N math.

    bflt.J~'J khaajtual to be in the habit of, get into the


    habit of.
    b f1 tJ ~ khaajhtiu'
    'II

    'Yl1'Flbl! thawii'khuun' eleg. twofold, double, mul-

    tiplied by two.
    ~ ~ ~ Flbl!
    'II 'II

    V to sound familiar, be familiar

    suudkhuun' N mulitiplication table.


    I

    to the ear.
    b V'W b f1 tJ ch~rrkhaa j I

    Fl~l
    'II

    (Fl~1)
    'II

    khuuMa' {khuuMa')

    N eleg. 1. cave,

    as usual.

    cavern. 2. booth (e.g. election booth). 3. space ..., between pillars (in a building). -Syn. 1. rfl com.
    bFl. khee' the English letter "K." [f. Eng.] bFl'W khen'* V to squeeze, press.

    lil1 :J.J b Fl tJ taamkhaaj' as usual. ' ' "' 1:J.Jf1 eJ tJ b Fl tJ b~'W mAjkh:'ljkhaajh~n' scarcely ever

    see.

    1~ b Flt.J
    ph y s.

    mAjkhaaj' AA never (e.g. "have never

    Fl 'J 1 :J.J--

    done").

    stress .
    b Fl'W~'J b ~ 1 ~ khen'htiar:S?I to force out a laugh.

    ..,

    1~ b flt.J b ~t.J
    Fl'W- -

    mAjkhaaj'laaj' never before.

    eJ tJ 1 ~ b Flt.J jaaukhaaj' as usual.


    b Fl

    bFl :J.J khem' V to be salty, salted.

    <:

    (see be-

    s~
    '

    in

    Fl S'W b f1

    4'

    ~ .:J

    khryynkhreeu' V to be merry

    low).

    Fl'J1:J.J--

    saltiness.
    b f1 ~ ~

    hilarious, full of fun.


    khr~u'* V 1. to be strict, rigorously observant

    " khonkhem' N idiom. a person who Fl'W bFl:J.J


    drives a hard bargain, an unfair bargain, who exacts full payment in kind (for debts owed, injuries inflicted, etc.). ..., " 'W"1 bFl:J.J namkhem' N salt water. -Op p. 'W"l~ fil.
    ...,

    of precepts, rules. 2. to be devout.


    Fl ;"1 bf1;
    .:J (

    ~ eJ, 1'W) khr~mkhr~u'

    (6;,:::, naj:::) V

    to be absorbed, engrossed (in); to be intent (on something); to be hard at it.


    'i.l s :J.J .., bf1 s 1 f1 s 111

    " ~'W 1 b Fl:J.J


    is
    ~ .._.,

    n~a'khem'

    to have the face of one who

    bf1

    ~ ~

    ..

    khr~ukhrym' khr~ukhrad'

    V to be serious, solemn. V idem b f1 s -1 V to be serious (in


    f1 'J UJ-- serious-

    " (see above). Fl'W bFl:J.J


    0"
    1 A

    b FlJJ kheemii' N chemistry. [f. Eur.] bFl:J.JJlb\!'11


    (eJ[J1~,V'Wfil)

    b Fl :1 ~ b f1 ~ tJ Iii khr~ukhrtad'

    kheemii'phan' {jaau',

    appearance), grave, gloomy. ness, solemnity.


    bFlS~lil
    b Fl :J 1
    <QJ

    chanfd')
    bFl S eJ
    d

    N chemicals.

    b Fl:J.J khr1aukheemii' N chemicals.

    ""

    khredld'* N credit. [f.Eng.] khraw' N beard, whiskers.

    ih
    b fW

    b FlJJ chiilwakheemiil

    N biochemistry.

    611 S bAil saan'kheemiil N chemicals.


    ...,

    'VI'W 'J Iii b f1 s- 1 nuadkhraw' N beard (including the

    khaajl N a kind of tiny shrimp. Usually in:


    ( ~'J) kt:lukhaajl (tua')

    mustache) .
    b Fl :J 1 lD in b Fl ~ 8 ~ b Fl :1 1
    d

    n.:J

    shrimp. ..., 'W"1 b FJ[J namkhaajl N sauce made out of this kind of shrimp.
    bFl [I
    l!l

    '

    b fl[l

    N a kind of tiny

    khr1aukhraw' N thing,

    things, equipment, paraphernalia.


    bFl S 1 ~VI khr;)?l

    "'

    N luck {often more particularly

    khaajl V 1. to be familiar, accustomed.

    "bad luck"), fortune, fate. "' bflSl~'VI~ khr:S?Idiil V 1. to be fortunate, lucky. 2. fortunately, luckily, it's fortunate (that).
    bFlSl~'VInt.J

    AA 2. ever, at some (one) time. 3. used to. 4. is accustomed to.


    d d d.!,.
    0

    khr:S?'raajl V 1. to be unfortunate,

    o bFl tJ u lil eJ 1 'W b ~ eJ .:J n 1 s b11 tJ 'J ll'W 'W u lil1 :J.J b Flt.J 1'\J
    khaajtE:?aanr1au'- kaanthtaw'thtin~n'-' tee:::

    unlucky. 2. unfortunately, unluckily, it's unfortunate (that).

    LAS1=~

    97 (li1'l-i)

    LAHH

    lil1'lbAS1=~,lil1'l'l'lS=LAS1=~

    daawk:hr;)?.t,

    (as used with names of objects, e.g. projector) and -ery (e.g. machinery) are also frequent translations of this word. Most nouns based on Lfl S 8 1 are listed only under the nouns or verbs from which they are derived. Thus to find LFl s 11 4 n s 11 1 look under n s 11 1 .
    d d

    daawphrakhr:S?.t (duau.t)

    N planet.

    'l'l'W LAS 1 =~ ph6nkhr5?.f to be free from misfor-

    tune or bad luck.


    6H bAs 1 Vl sCSukhr:S?.t V to show kindness to, to

    The following

    examples are a sample selected for study. The

    help, assist.
    bAr t:J 1i1 khrtad.t V to be tense, strained, stern. bAH LA rt:J li1 khr~ukhrtad.t V to be serious (in

    first six are based on verbs, the last six on nouns.


    LAS 111 L~W'W khr9aukhian" stationery, writing
    d
    ~

    supplies: "writing paraphernalia."


    d LFl ~
    ~

    11 1 Q 11J'I1\J 4 khr9aucMajnlllJ" motion picture

    appearance), grave, gloomy.

    projector: "movie-showing instrument."


    d

    ~ -i LA f t:J Iii tyt].tkhrtad.f V 1. to be tense, strained


    (as a situation). 2. to be stern (as of the face). A'l 1 :J..I- - tension.
    bAS eJ
    0J

    bAs 11 1 P1 n LL~ 1 khr9aut1'>gttg" decorations, ornaments: "decorating paraphernalia."


    d

    Lfl S 8 H'I'W khJ1auphOn/ sprayer: "spraying apparatus.,.


    d d

    khrya.t N 1. bunch (of bananas). C 2.

    LFl s 8 1 I'I:W khr9audTim1" beverage, drink: "drinking preparation (i.e. preparation to be drunk)."
    b Fl S 8 1 '11~ 'U'W 8\J khr9aul1l.bn:>:m" bedding: "sleeping
    d
    ~

    idem. 3. family, kindred, lineage.


    LAs eJ nSl 'l t:J ( LAs eJ ) khryakl(lajl (khrya.f)

    gear."
    d ~ LA~8HLn~ d ~ LFl s 11 4 As~

    bunch of bananas.
    LAs eJ ~n i Jl'l'l

    khr9auk~ew'

    glassware: "glass ware."

    5~ nb]~

    khrya.t -cagkraph6b.t?aukrld.t

    khr9aukhrua" kitchen utensils: "kitchen

    implements.''
    b fl S 8 i b A:W
    d
    Q

    the British Commonwealth.


    bAS elbll1 ~ khryajfiad.f N lineage, family tree;

    khr9aukhee"miV chemicals: "chemis-

    try preparation(s)."
    bAS 8 HL n 1 khr9auke:e:u" the spices and seasoning
    d

    kindred.
    li1 n LA! eJ tog.fkhrya.t a bunch of bananas to set.

    used in making curry: "curry preparation." LFl s 11 i


    d d

    1!1 sA~till~ khr9authooras~b'


    11

    telephone:

    1'W bAS eJ b ~t:J 'l rl'W

    najkhrya.fdiawkan.t to be akin
    bFl

    "telephone- instrument.

    (to), related (to), of the same lineage.


    'l 1'W b A! eJ wfian.fk:hrya.t N lineage, family;

    >8 4 1J 11 khr9aujaau" rubber goods: "rubber


    goods."

    kindred.
    bAS eJ l!:l khrya.f N creeper, creeping plant, vine.

    NOTE 2. A few words based on counterparts based on 'tl [) 1 .


    d

    b A! eJ i

    have

    The difference

    bAS eJ rn khrya.f V 1. to be indistinct, blurred. 2.

    in meaning is usually slight, but those based on


    bFl S <J 1 may imply that a greater degree of

    to be faint and trembling (of the voice).


    A i :J..I bAS eJ , ASl :J.J bAS eJ khrumkhrya.t, khlumkhrya.t
    9 9

    intricacy or complexity is involved. A few examples are explained below.


    'tliH L<l'lJ kh:'S:>gli!nl toy(s). plaything(s); LA! a, L"'W

    V to be ambiguous, unclear, indisdinct.


    ' bb'Vl'U b A... i eJ heeb.fkhrya.t V to be hoarse and trembly

    khl"9agli!nl toy(s), including elaborate toys, such as tricycles, and playground equipment, such as swings, slides, etc.
    V a 1 n'W kh:S::>ukin 1

    (of the voice, esp. of the elderly or the sick).


    LAieJ~

    LAieJ~)

    (1,2) khryau.t {khryau); (3) khryau:::::

    foodstuff, things to eat; LA! eJ 1

    fl'.J

    khr9aukin 1 fuod, provisions.

    N 1. gear, apparatus, complex machinery, engine. C 2. elf. for many noun derivatives based on b Ai eJ
    d
    ~

    see note 3 below. 3. a

    apparel, attire, finery, (complete) wardrobe.

    bound element used to form noun derivatives;


    ~

    NOTE 3. Classifiers used with derivatives based on

    see notes 1 and 2. -com p. - Jlbl.l.'fl


    NOTE 1.
    d

    tech.

    bFJ!8 1

    are usually one of the followb Fl


    d

    ing, depending on appropriateness: Lfl S 8 1 is very productively used as

    S 81,
    ~1'1,

    for objects intricately bound together;

    for

    a bound element placed in front of either nouns or verbs to form new noun derivatives. In this use it has the sense of "gear. apparatus, device, contrivance, preparation (concoction), ware,
    goods, implement, implementation, instrument,

    sets or suits; .ff'W, for a piece, particularly a piece out of a set; for a kind or sort;

    fl~14 ,'tliJI'I,~i

    (eleg.),

    8'W, as a general elf. for

    units; or occasionally some other classifiers. Examples:


    LA fl1 tf1

    paraphernalia." The English suffixes -er, -or

    ( LFJ! fl 1) khr9aucMu" (khr9aut) scales,

    98
    balance.
    bA~ eJ Hb'U'U b

    bFHHI'W

    (jaau', chanid') N cosmetics.


    ('!!Iii 1 khJ1aub1:eb/ (child/) unifonn.

    A~ e1 1 b~'\J (~Iii, ~'\J I


    '

    khJ1auuan/ (child/, a set;

    d bFISJ~"vUJ1t'J

    (eJ'W) khr-9aumaajl (?an')


    d

    N sign,

    ch{n/, a piece) silverware.

    mark, symbol, signal. -see cross reference.


    b Fl s eJ ~ eJ::; "vHW , b Fl s eJ ~ eJ 1 "vHW khr-9au?aliijl, khr-9au:::::
    d
    J., J.,

    lA!e~nJn (ei~11 ,'!liJr~l


    chanfd/) ingredients.

    khJ1aupruu/ (jAag/,

    bA! B11v1-ri1 ( B~ 11, '!liJiil, fl'W) khJ1agfajf>ia/

    ?aaHtjl N spare parts, replacement parts.


    '1.11~ bASel~
    ' d

    (jAag/, chanfd/ for kinds; ?an/ for units) electrical appliance(s).


    b A~ eJ 1 'V!l-J 1 ~ ( fl'\J

    (A'W,'W1t'J)

    cMankhr-9an' (khon',naajl) 2. engineer (opera-

    I khJ1agml1aj/ (?an/) sign,

    N 1. mechanic; machinist. tor of an engine).


    'l1 S ~bAS ! ~
    d

    mark, symbol, signal.


    b A~ eJ

    HlU~ 1

    ('l1) khJ1anpleen/ (tua/) e I e ct.

    sonkhr-9an' V 1. roy. to be dressed

    transfonner.

    in regalia, armor, etc.; to be decorated. 2.


    +

    b Fl HH n ~ ::;1J eJ ~
    d bFISeJ~Fl:J.JeJ1n1A
    9

    ( n ~ ::;1J eJ ~ ) khr-9aukrap3!J' (kra:::::


    d (bASel~)

    com. to be over-dressed; to have more (ingredients, trimming, money, etc.) than necessary.
    'W"1J-J'W'Vlt'JeJiilbASJ~
    'lJ
    a..'

    pon') N canned goods, canned food. khr-9aukhuml?aak8.ad'

    (ns::;i.JJ~,elt'J1~)

    nammanlj~::>d:::::

    (khr-9an 1 N air-conditioner.
    bAs eJ ~ b Fl s 1
    d
    ~

    khr-9an' (krap:Sn' jaan') motor oil.


    <;

    N lubricating oiL

    ( eJ f'J 1 ~ , ~ ~ ) khr-9aukhraw' (jaan'


    d
    ~

    '

    '

    sln') N thing(s), equipment, paraphernalia.


    bAs eJ ~'ins ( bAs eJ ~ , 'l.i'Wiil)

    bi.J'W bFl

    s ! ~ [il el'U Lb 'l'l'W

    penkhr-9an't~::>btheen'

    in return,

    khr-9aucag' (khr-9au',

    as a reciprocation, in retaliation.
    'VleJ ~ b Fl ~ eJ ~
    d

    chanfdl) N machinery; engine, machine.


    0

    ( 'VleJ ~ ) Mnkhr-9an 1 (Mn 1 )

    N engine

    bFl s !

    ~ ~'ins

    l el'W "; 1

    ( b Fl s eJ ~ ) khr-9aucagl? ajmiaml
    <;

    room.
    b Fl611il
    C9J

    (khr-9an 1 ) N steam engine.


    bFl s ! ~ 111 el'U bb 'l'l'W khr-9ant~::>bthem' N (a) reciprod

    khled' N (refined) means, tactic, technique.

    b Fl ~ lilGl'IJ khledlab/ N secret means, secret tech-

    cation.
    bFl HH l mrn1 'W
    d

    nique.
    ( eJ f'J 1 ~ ) khr-9antha jj athaan'

    "' lil b A;;J


    b A;;J'W.

    I.!:J

    khled' V to be sprained, get sprained. See

    (jaau') N alms.
    bFJ! eJ

    Fl~ ~ b A61'W.
    2. (a cat) to rub

    ~ 1'W
    0

    ( ~'W) khr-9annajl (chin')

    N internal

    b Fl611 khlaw' V 1. to mix, blend.

    body organs.
    bFl s eJ ~ 'IJ 1 b s eJ
    d "' d

    against (the legs).


    '

    ( eJ f'J 1 ~ ) khr-9anbam!'d8 1 (jaan 1 )

    b A;;J 1 b Fl ~ t'J khlawkhlia' V to stay close around,

    N entertainment.
    bFl s eJ ~Yl8 "!'W khr-9auphfsuud'
    'II

    rub against (as a child with its mother, young N proof, material people in love, etc.).

    proof.
    bFl s eJ ~ :J.J eJ
    d
    Cl

    b~t'Jiil
    ( eJ f'J 1 ~ , V'W, eJ'W) khr-9aumyy 1 (jaau 1
    l '-' ......

    bFl;1

    slad'khla:w' V to rub and press


    b Fl ~ 'IJ b Fl ~ J-J under b Fl ~ J-J

    (against) (as a cat against the legs).


    b A~ 'IJ See

    chin!, ?an') N tool, device, instrument, apparatus, equipment.


    bFISeJ~1:J.JbFISeJ~:J.JeJ
    d "-' d
    Ci
    I

    "

    "

    b Fl ~J-J khl;)8m' V to doze, to be half-asleep, be in

    "

    (eJf'J1~,V'W,el'W) khr-9aumaajl:::::

    'lJ

    ,.._.

    a dreamy state.
    b Fl~'U b Fl~J-J

    khr-9anmyy' (jaan'. chin'. ?an') N e lab. colloq. implements, tools.


    bFl s eJ ~ f'J A ( V'W, el'W) khr-9anj6d' (chfnl, ?an')
    d ..,
    ~

    "

    khl~8bkhl;)8ml V to be carried away,

    enraptured; to be in a state of reverie. N


    b A~mr'W khl;)8mn1n' V to dream, forget oneself.

    "

    insignia of rank.
    bASeJ~f'J1
    d

    b A~t'J.
    '

    See entries below. khlawkhlia' V to stay close around,

    ('li'Wii1,lt'J1~,'1.1'W1'W)

    khr-9anjaa'(cha:::::

    b A;;J 1 b A~ t'J

    nfd', jaan'. khanAan') ingredient (of a drug).


    bAs ! ~ 8 1 t'J
    d ..,

    N medicine, drug;

    rub against (as a child with its mother, young people in love, etc.).
    b A'W Fl ;;J ! b Fl ~ t'J d88n'khb::>khlial to walk side by

    ( V'W) khr-9ansAajl (chfn')

    N music

    stringed instrument.

    side, close together. khr-9ausAm?aau'


    b Fl ;;J eJ'W khl1an' V to move, shift.
    d

    bA!v~8,1eJ1~ (eJU1~,'1.1illil)

    n 1 S --

    movement,

    LF1 R e.J'W

    99

    moving.
    F16l1171 L FIGl e.J'W khl~adkhl9anl V to deviate, be off,
    d

    stl LF11 n'l rtlublkhawr6bl N idol,


    '\J

    ~mage

    of worship.

    LFll::; kh5? I

    V to knock, tap; to knock at, on.

    be different (from the original}.


    L Fl R 8'\.l '11 khl9anthtil V 1. to move.
    d d

    "' tJ b Fl
    2. to be

    khianl V to be side by side, on the same level, close beside, near.

    mobile. 3. to be out of place; to be dislocated.


    n1s-L FIR 8'\.l l Vl'd n1s- d

    ,ln;LAt.J~
    o

    klftjkhianl

    to be close, near, nearby,

    phys. motion.

    -ct.

    3.

    "' .J Lti'W'11.

    neighboring.

    khl9anwl1j' V to move, move about. movement, activity, moving. Fl 'J 1 :W - -

    1n; b At.1 ~ n'U


    d .......

    klftjkhianlka:::: 1. to be close to.

    2. to be nearly as much as. o


    b'VW'W'U l'W 1 n R bFl tJ ~ ph9anMan 1klftjkhian 1 N
    ""' "'"

    movement, motion.
    LFl ~ 8'U

    khl9abl V to enamel, glaze, plate, coat.

    neighbor.
    'lJ 1 ~ bAll~ kMankhianl nearby, by the side of,

    LFI~8'ULLFI61~ khl9abkhl.s.snl V tobeindoubt,


    (feel} suspicious, doubtful.
    LFl ~ 8'U bb~ ~ VI; 8 LF1 ~ 8'U

    adjacent, close. Fl'W-associate.


    Fl b A tJ ~
    '\J

    intimate person, close

    khl9abft.snl V to be hidden, concealed,

    unclear, ambiguous.
    ( 1'lJ , 6l n)
    '\J

    ( FI'W)
    I

    khOukhiatJI (khonl) N spouse, mate.

    m~bkhl9abl

    (baj', Hlugl)

    -s y n.
    b tJ ~ Fl

    ~ Fl

    s8~

    N enamelled pot.
    L Fl 1 ~ in L Fl 1 ~ Fl 1 1 ~

    LA t.1 ~ 'lJ 1 ~ khiankh~an I

    side by side.

    khweenkhwaanl V 1. to drift,

    '\J

    khiankhOul two abreast, (two) side by

    be adrift. sV 2. adrift, aimlessly, randomly.


    LFl8::; , LFl8::;

    side.

    'l kh8? I, kh8?kh8?1 V to be stiff, 'l thaathaanlkh8?kh8?1 (their)

    bAt.J~~1 bAt.J~l'Vf~

    khianooalkhianla.jl idiom.,

    unnatural, out of place, awkward. o


    '111'111~ bFI8::;

    e 1 a b. co 11 o q. 1. shoulder to shoulder. 2. on the same level.


    b A tJ 171 khtadl V to be angry. bA tJ 171 bbFI'W khtadkht.snl V to be angry, harbor

    manners are out of place, stiff (e.g. of country people in town).


    bFI8::; b~'W kh8?kh~.:ml idem. bFI8::;.
    b F11

    "

    feelings of anger.
    LAt.l'l
    d

    khawl N trace, imprint, stamp (as of ancestry}; vestige; outline.

    ( LR:W)

    khiawl (l~ml) N sickle.

    b Fl tJ 1 khtawl V to boil down.

    d b Fll b ~ 8'W
    '\J

    ( 'll 8) khawn9anl (kM;:,I)

    N clue.

    'tJ'U b Fl tJ 1 khabkhtawl

    ..,

    V to drive or exert (oneself}

    LFI1:WR khawmuunl N primary source. bFl1 L s 8 ~ khawr9anl N


    " d

    vigorously, relentlessly.
    d "' LFl tJ 1 b'tJbj)

    outline, scheme, plot of

    khtawkh~nl

    V to force, urge repeatedly.

    a story.
    LFl1 Vf'W 1 khawnftal N the look of the face, facial

    b tJ 1 khfawl V to chew. 1'1171 bF1 tJ 1 kh6dkhfawl V to be winding (as a road). Ji J"' bF1 tJ 1 b 8 8 ~ khfaw?9anl V to chew the cud, rumi~

    "

    ..,

    appearance, facial expression .

    >l'U LFl1 cabkhawl V to get the idea; to detect.

    nate.

    lii'W bFl1 tl'lnkhawl N prototype.


    l:: Iii~ bF11 t~nkhawl

    "' ~ bFl8

    khyanl V 1. to be annoyed, irritated, peeved, angry. N 2. anger. getting angry.

    V to show (its) first signs. it looks like rain, it

    n1 s--

    (act of} being angry,

    l:: " ~ 'W Iii ~ L Fl1 fonlt~nkhawl

    Fl11 :W-- anger.

    is getting ready to rain.


    v

    0'171 LA 8 ~ khadkhyanl V to feel angry, be angered,

    'W n bF11 bb:W J

    ( lil1 ) n6gkhawm.s.swl (tual) N

    a kind

    provoked.
    b 8~

    of owl: "bird with the look of a cat."

    A 1>J

    khyancaj' V 1. to be angry, provoked.

    ~ bFl1 miikhawl to show a trace, a vestige (of}.


    LFl1 S'V1 khawr6bl V to show respect, pay reverence.
    Fl11 :w-- respect.

    N 2. anger.
    ~ 171 LA 8 ~ f)rydkhyanl V 1. to be poor, hard up.

    -s y n.

    '!J'U 1'18

    com.

    2. to be scarce, meager. 3. to be difficult and frustrating; to have rough going.

    l'llF111:W bFl1 n'l thamkhwaamlkhawr6b 1 V to

    8t.J 1 ~--

    poorly,

    salute, pay respect to.

    in poverty, in an impoverished manner.

    ll Fl UFI khtel point, level (which has been reached, at-

    100
    UFI:W ( bli'I:W)

    kheeml (kheem') N 1. edge (esp. of a

    tained); as far as, up to (such and such a point).


    1 n ;llA kl.ijlkhte:::
    ~

    boat). 2. fig. margin.


    LLFI

    1. to be as near as. 2. to be

    ( UFI

    ~) khrte'

    (khrte')

    N 1. litter; a bed or

    near (such and such).


    llFI'W'W khte'-nanl, khtenanl up to that point, that

    small platform floored with bamboo slats. 2. the carriage of a typewriter.


    lll'l ~ V!1 :W ( UFI ~ )

    far, that much, to that extent.


    llAl V!'W khten<ljl up to which point, how far, how

    khrteMaml (khrte')

    N litter,

    palanquin.
    llFl ~ 1 in V!EJIJllFl ~ 1 ( iil1) h:Sjkhreeu 1

    much, to what extent.


    &!i

    (tua 1 )

    b11lli'I'W thyukhte'nfil up to this point, to this

    'a'

    cockle.
    llFl
    ~:::

    extent.
    l Y11J 1lll'l phiaukhte' only as far as, only to the

    khr?1 V to be dwarfed, stunted. See entries below. khlaaukhleeu 1 khlaaukhleeucajl

    UFl 611 .

    point of.
    ' 511UFll El1 suuu'khte?ewl
    ._'II

    Fl6111lbFl 611 , - -19

    to be waist- high.

    V to feel suspicious, have doubts .


    lFlSEI'UllFl611 khl?abkhleeu' V to be in doubt,

    llFln LLFl'W

    '1 khegkhtgt* imit. the sound of coughing.


    ( a'W) khem' (?an')

    N mouth organ. Used by

    (feel) suspicious, doubtful.


    llFl61 ~ 1'1 khleeucaj I

    people in N and NE Thailand.


    blFl'W khtnl* V 1. to force (oneself) to, to feel

    V to feel suspicious, have

    doubts.
    blFl6l'W.

    obliged to. sV 2. forcedly.


    UFI'W khtm' V to feel resentful, harbor feelings of

    See entries below.

    'U 1 fi1llFl6ll.l khaadkhlem' V to lack, be short of,

    anger.

    1'111 :W--

    injured feelings, resentment.

    have a shortage of.


    Fl61 EJI.lllFl6l'W khb::mkhleenl V to be loose, shaky,

    llnllFl'W ktekhtm' V to take revenge. 'U'WblFl'W khlln'khten' V to be poor, hard up,

    unstable, unsteady.
    fi1UF16ll.l duukhleen' V to disdain, despise. 1'111 :W-'U

    needy, impoverished.
    A'UllFll.l khabkhten' V to be impoverished, hard-

    contempt.
    llFl611 in
    LlFl~1Fl61El1 khltwkhl:'lu'*V 1. to be skillful,

    pressed, in distress.
    Fl:wllFII.l khumkhtenl V to harbor resentment

    '

    clever, nimble, agile. 2. to be fast (in doing things). 3. to be fluent (in speech). -Also
    Fl61 eJ Hl Fl ~ 1 . llFl611 khltewl V 1. to miss, fail to meet.

    (toward).

    lAIJfi1UF1'W khtadkhn1 V to be angry, harbor

    feelings of anger.
    bl;'W19 khtenlcajl V to harbor feelings of anger. l ~ eJ fi1ll;'W dyadkhten' V to be furious, boiling

    2. to

    escape (from).
    UFI611 Fl ~ 1 fi1 llFl1 ( lll'l1)

    khlewkhl.1adl idem. -Also Fl611 fi1 UF1611 . khwee' (khwee') N tributary, branch

    mad (at), very angry (with).


    IJ l n llFl'W j.1aglkh8nl
    U~'WUFI'W

    to be impoverished.

    of a river.

    rtmkhten' V to be poverty-stricken,

    "' " l U'WF11


    q

    l U'Wlll'l1 penkhuu'penkhwee' idiom., e 1 a b.

    _"\

    needy.
    611 -1 bll'll.l laau'khem' V to get rid of one's resent-

    co 11 o q. lengthily, at great length (as in telling a story).


    bbFl1 l.l ( LLATI.l)

    ment (usually by taking revenge).


    bbi'I'U khteb' V to be narrow.

    khwtw' (khwtw')

    N district, region,

    -Ant. n111.

    territory, province, state.

    A'Ulli'I'U khabkhteb' V to be narrow, cramped

    u 'd'WlbFl1'W ( U 1'WllFl1'W) wtnkhwtw 1 (wtnkhwtm 1 )


    N territory, province, state.
    lbA::: khf:?l V to pick out, pry out, take out. FleJ'WllFl::: kh:'\nkh?1 V to criticize, pick at.

    (of space).
    19bli'I'U cajkhteb' V to be narrow-minded, selfish,

    lacking in generosity.

    ~eHLLFI'U (~eJ~ ,ll~1)

    ch:'lukhteb1 (cMu 1.hEu 1 )

    LA

    (iiJ1)

    khoo' (tual)
    ~

    N eleg. cow, bull, ox; cattle.

    N 1. strait; channel. 2. (mountain) pass.

    -s y n.

    11 c o m.

    101

    LFl ~ :J
    Lfl'U16l

    khooc:nn" V to travel (of celestial bodies).


    (1;J) wolJ"khooc:J:m" (wolJ") N orbit.

    A n LAs Jj khcygkhroom' v

    to be noisy, boisterous,

    o 1;JLA~a

    clamorous.
    LAS 1 '11 khoor.1ad" pN Khorat, colloquial name for 'WAS a 1'111\'J.Jl Nakhqn Ratsima, a township in

    (A'W)

    khoobaan" (khon")

    N eleg. cow-

    herd, cowboy.
    LA n

    ( LA n ) khl'log" (khl'log") N mound, knoll.


    -+Syn.
    L'1JI7\, btJ'W. LA61;j

    NE Thailand.
    ()

    ('Uri) khloon" (bod')

    N a kind of Thai

    LA~
    o

    khl'lolJ" V to be oversized.

    verse form.
    LA61
    ;j

    ~n6~LI'WLA;J

    nagriankhl'loD" joe. biggest stu-

    ~ khloon" V to rock, shake; to be unsteady;


    (a boat) to roll, toss about.

    dent or oldest student (in the class).

    L;~

    kh6olJ" V to be bent, curved (as a line).


    A11 JJ-- curvature. ( Lb~~) htl.akh6olJ" (h81J")

    LA~'W khloonl N mud.

    ~LA~'W
    N curve (as in

    khtikhloon" N colloq. mud.


    'OJ

    ~1L;~

    V1Lfliil'W namkhloon" N muddy water.

    a road).
    LA'W (Lfl'W) khoon" (khoon")

    lJ~LFliil'W ('1J1~) balJkhloon" (kh.1an") N fender


    N base (as of tree).
    V 1.

    (of car), mudguard (of car, bicycle).

    blO'WSlnblO'WLA'W th3:Jnr.1ag"th:'S:Jnkhoon")

    b~'WLA61'W penkhloon" to be muddy.

    elab. colloq. to pull out by the roots. 2. fig. to destroy, extirpate.


    Lrl'W khl'lon' V 1. to cut down; to fell.

    1Fl S

    khraV iP 1. who? 2. someone, anyone.

    bc~ 11 As

    oDn1 As

    kh.1wkhraj.f?:J:Jgkhraj/ co 11 o q.

    2. to over-

    to be partial, to favor one and not the other.

    throw. 3. to fall down.


    LflJJ ( lil1 ~) khoom 1 (dualJ") LAJJ l ~

    o
    N lantern. N lantern,

    l~ b'~ 11 A a 0 0 n1 As

    m.1jkh.1wkhraj.f?:J:JgkhraV

    colloq. to be neutral, impartial.


    LASflli11JJ khraj/k:'\taam" anybody, whoever.
    d

    ( lil1 ~)

    khoomfaj/ (dualJ")

    lamp.
    Lfll.J61 OLJ in '1J 11--

    khaaw"khoomb:Jj/ N un-

    founded rumor, unsubstantiated news.

    1 AS A'W'Vf'W ~ khraj/khonnylJ" somebody, someone. 1 AS "1 khrajkhraV anyone, everyone, everybody. 1 As~ 81 rlS khraj/6:JkhraV person after person,
    anyone, almost everyone. Used when the speaker cannot, or does not wish to specify names.
    LAs .. 1V!JJ khraj::::: ... maj is there anyone

    LFl sn' --A J 1 n

    khrtlog", khrtlogkhr.1ag/ i mit. the

    sound of snoring, of heavy breathing, of wind in the stomach or intestines.


    ~

    'lin LAs n ( 't1) cMgkhr6og" V 1. to flush the


    toilet. N 2. flush-toilet (thti').
    LA n (LA n) khrOOlJ" (khrOOlJ")
    .::;::,16')

    ')

    who ... ?

    1AS d 8'W
    TI b F1

    khraj?}ryn/ somebody else. thii/khraV- k:'lthii/man" ~ When it's a

    N 1. frame (as

    s n'YIJJ'W

    "'"" .....

    of a window, kite). 2. skeleton.


    LA J ~ LAs ;j

    fellow's tum, why then, it's his tum!

    n J ::::Iii n khrOOlJkraduug' N skeleton. '\l

    l~iJ1 AS

    m.1jmiikhraV there is no one.

    n1 s

    khrOOlJkaan" N plan, project, program .


    .- n 1 Hll FS.
    ;j

    1Fl s'

    khr.1V V 1. to wish, have desires (used only in compounds). AA 2. wish to, desire.

    -+Also
    0

    11 ~LAs

    n1 s

    waalJ'khrOOlJkaan/ to lay plans.

    A11JJLAS, khwaamkhr.1V N 1. desire. 2. sexual

    LFl S ~ b18 ;j
    LflSH1;1~
    ~LA :J ~

    khroolJ!Jan" N plot, outline, struc-

    desire.

    ture (of a story). khroons.1an" N structure, arrange-

    1As' 'l::::
    l~1As'

    khr.1jca::::: m.1jkhr.1j:::::

    AA wish to, would like to. AA scarcely.

    ment of constituents.
    ( ~) stikhroon" (sti/)

    i'n 1 As' ( tl'W)


    N ribs.

    ragkhr.1j/(kan) V to love, be fond of

    (one another).

    LA a' ;j khrl'lon" v

    to be huge.

    1 As' AS 1b\!
    lAG'l, lA;.

    khr.1jkhruan" V to contemplate, consider

    L Fl S JJ, --A :J 1 JJ khroom', khroomkhraam" i mit.

    carefully.

    the sound of heavy objects crashing to the ground.

    ~-See

    khlaj/, khtikhlaV N scurf.


    A

    t;j lA ;.

    102

    :JJ kh::>:)' LOW consonant. Pronounced kh initially,

    lJJ::>' LOW consonant. Pronounced tJ both initially and finally.

    g finally. This letter is very rare.


    :lln1161 (A'W) kharaaw.(iad' {khon')

    N eleg.

    ~n

    tJ6g' V 1. tobegreedy. 2. to be nervous, shaking, shaky.


    ~
    ~ ~

    layman (in the religious sense, i.e. one who is not a priest).
    :lleH (l'U) kh:S::>tJ' (bajl)

    n ~ 'W' ~ 'W ~ n uoguan/, uanu6g 1 v

    to be trembling

    N gong. 2. to cross -+Syn. 1.

    (with excitement), out of control (of oneself}.


    ~ n l ~'W u6g'u;:m' V to be avaricious, greedy for

    :ll 1 kh~a/ V 1. to kill, execute, destroy.

    out, strike out. A'W--

    murderer.

    money.
    11 tJOtJ' V 1. to be dazed, dizzy, stupefied, stunned.

    61'1lS'lhl'l:o},L.J:l:;VI1SV1rJ eleg.

    ~lil:ll1 khlid'kh.(ial V to scratch out, cross out,


    strike out.

    2. to be puzzled, perplexed, confused, addled.


    ~ ~ 11 rJ, 11 tJ 11

    tJOtJtJUajl, uuajtJOtJ' V to be aston-

    ~1~'W kh.(ialfan/ v to kill, slay.


    slaying, slaughter (of people}.

    n 11--

    killing,
    0

    ished, perplexed, stunned.


    'Y1 ~ 111111 tJ phi saWOtJ 1 tJOtJtJUaj I

    V to be dumb-

    :Jl1 b1iil1 kh.(ta'weelaa' V to kill time. rJ 1 ~ 1lii'1 bbd-H1 :Jl 1 rJ kh.(iad',

    founded, bewildered, perplexed.


    ~

    jaakh.(ia'tuamaleeu' insecticide. N destruction, liquidation.


    1lil

    1 ~ ~ 'W tJOtJtJan' V to be bewildered, stunned.


    ~'W ~
    9

    kh~adta:::

    1 tJUlltJOtJ' V to be dazed, bewildered, perplexed. tJ6d' V 1. to stop, halt, cancel. 2. to be stopped,

    Chiefly in compounds.
    :Jl U n :J HI kh.(iadtakam' N murder. b'W'tiO!:JJ 1 rJ ( A'W) phedchakhaad' (khon')

    G)

    canceled. N execu~ lill

    Rn

    tJ6dl~dg' V 1. to cancel, dissolve.

    2. to

    tioner.
    b:JlrJ'W khtan' V to beat, whip. 1 :JJ'J:o}n ( 'W 1 tJ , A'W) khoosog' (naajl, khon')
    d

    be canceled, dissolved.
    1lill1'W tJ6dwEm' to refrain {from), abstain {from).

    N an-

    1lil ( . )

    l; u6d'{ ... )waj:::

    V to postpone (some-

    nouncer, spokesman.
    1 :Jl'l:-}1], 1 kh()osanaa', kh()odsanaal* V 1. to advertise,

    thing), put (something) aside for the time being.

    1Vl11il
    ~

    "'

    h~jtJ6d' to order to stop.


    1lil11l-J tJ6dtJaam' V to be pretty, beautiful, A11l-J--

    publicize. N 2. advertisement. n 11-- , (see below).

    ~-

    lil lfl in

    splendid. N

    beauty.

    n 1 S 1 :Jl'l:-}1], 1 ( l! tJ 1) kaankh()osanaa' (r9au')

    1 'U See entries below.


    1 'U ~ iil tJ6bdun' N 1. balance sheet.

    1. advertisement; publicity. 2. propaganda.


    1 :Jl'bfDJ, 1 n 1 S kh()osanaakaan' N advertisement;

    2. the balance.

    1 'ULJblliJ tJ6bbanchiil V 1. to close an account. 2. to calculate the balance in an account.


    1'U'\JS:;:J.J11], ( ~'ULJ~:;:J.J1DJ,) tJ6bpramaanl (tJ6bpra:::

    publicity. o n :J :J..1 1 :Jl'l:-}1], 1 n 1 s krom'kh()osanaakaan' N Department of Publicity (now abandoned). -+See

    maan') N budget.
    ~ :J. I

    n~:J..~LJ~:;'tf161l-Ji'Wfi.
    L:Jl'bf1],1't/1'W

    tJOm 1

    1. to grope in the water for; to dive for.

    l~tJ

    kMosanaa'chuanch9a' N 1. propa-

    2. fig. to fumble; to plod along (in ignorance of the true situation).

    ganda. V 2. to propagandize.

    ;1 :ll'bf)], 1
    <u

    ( A'W) philukh()osanaa' {khon')

    N adver-

    1 :J..I11 rJ uomuaajl. v 1. to be foolish, stupid, mentally sluggish. 2. to be absorbed in beyond reason, foolishly wrapped up in.
    1 :J.J11' uomu()o' v

    tiser.
    llf.J'W n 1 :ll'l:-}1], 1 phaneg'kh()osanaal N advertising

    division or department.

    to be foolish, stupid.

    103
    ~ 'l ~

    ( ~ 'l ~)

    nuan' (nuan 1 )

    N 1. trunk, proboscis.
    J.,

    multiply (of profits, interest; of plants). bl 1 1 eJ n ( lil 'W )


    ' I

    2. spadix, fruit- bearing stem (as of a coconut palm}.

    thuan :'l::>g' (t5n1 )

    N bean sprouts.

    ~'W 1 eJ n hlntJ~bg' N stalagmite.


    kajnuan' (tua') N turkey.
    1 eJ 1 in

    1n~'l~ ._,
    ~ 'l

    (!il'l)

    'l eJ 1 bb 1 'l n~nntn'* V to scrap, quarrel.

    Hf 1 1 ( i 'l 1 ) nuancMan' (nuan') N trunk of


    the elephant.

    1 eJ lillb 1lil n~dntct'* V 1. to be angry, ill-tempered. 2. to pout.

    .!' 1 'l ~ ~ ~

    ( ~ 'l ~ ) nuanph~n' (nuan')

    N proboscis

    1 eJ'W noon' V 1. to bend, curve; to curve upwards

    or sucking organ of the bee. 1 'l UJ::::'Y'l ~ 1 'l


    ( 'l 'J 'l)

    (as the elephant's tusk). 2. to pout, show disN pleasure (esp. of women, children); to feign displeasure, pout coquettishly (of women). ._, 1 eJ'W 1 eJ n::~::~nn:S::>' V to try to humor, assuage, be nice to an offended or sulking person (in order to make up with him}.
    I I

    nuanmaphniaw/ (nuan')

    spadix of the coconut palm. 1 'l HHJt.J'l11 n ( 11 'l)


    nuanMjth~ag'

    (nuan')

    protruding eye stalk of the land snail.


    'l 'J 1 nOan' V to be sleepy, drowsy.

    1 'l Hl eJ'W nOann::>:m' V to be sleepy, drowsy.


    'l 'llil
    (9)

    1 eJ'W bb 1 'W

    n~nntn'*

    V to be loose and shaky (as a loose

    nOad' C 1. occasion, time, period. 2. 1 eJ'U

    tooth}; to be unfirm, unsteady, wobbly, tottering.


    ( 1'U) n~::~b' (baj/)

    installment (of a payment).


    b~'W ~ 'llil

    N a kind of hat made of palm

    'l pennOadtJD.ad' in installments, periieJ:W

    leaves and bamboo, worn by farmers.


    n::~::~m/

    odically.
    'l 'J Iii lD nl1ad'

    V 1. to be overripe. sV 2. idiom.

    V 1. to dry out, dry up. 2. to be

    very much, greatly. 1 eJ:Wbb1:W n::>illtJE:m/ sV utterly, extremely, beyond 2.


    I 9

    depleted (of supplies, merchandise, stock).


    b'IJ:W 'l 1 Iii kMmnllad' V 1. to be strict, rigid.

    recovery. 61 n HJ:w sug'uo:Jm' V to be overripe.

    to curb.
    n'W(

    absorbed (in).
    ~ d tJ

    eJ~rl'U) "'

    nnan/(juuka:::)

    to be busy (with),

    'l eJtJ n~V* V to be lame.

    1 eJtJ biJ61tJ n~jplta/ V to be lame.

    '

    a-'

    in 'l d tJ 11

    'l 11 d tJ

    nuajnon', nonnuaj/

    to be

    b~'W1eJt'J penn~V v to be lame.


    1 :::: . See b 1 eJ :::: 1 :::: .
    J.., .v 11 in eJ1tJn
    w

    astonished, perplexed, stunned. 1 eJ


    ~p::>'

    V 1. to bend, fold, curl. 2. to be crooked, ----0 is t. 61 eJ'W, VIU n . V 1. to be fussy, childish. 2. to

    ?~ju~u'*derog.

    epithet (you} fool!

    bent, curled.
    1 eJbb1
    n::~::>nee'

    1lil nad 1
    w

    to pry up, force up, raise with a lever.

    1 'W uan' V to be silent, remain silent, be stunned. 11 .l'W uonuan/


    .l'LJ'l n 1 'l

    cry, pout (like a child}.


    VI'W 11 eJ
    n~a'n::~::~'

    to be bewildered, stunned.

    to have an angry face, look

    n .l'LJ uann6g/, t)6guan/ v tO be trembling.

    sullen.

    (with excitement), out of control (of one's self).

    ~'J b ~ 1:::: 1 eJ , - - Vl1 tJ huar5? 'n::~o', huar:J? 'n::~::>hllaj/


    co 11 o q. to double up with (violent) laughter. 1 eJ n:So/ V to humble oneself in order to conciliate.
    1 eJ'W 1 eJ
    no::~nn:So'

    ~ 1 .1''W
    !::

    ntu'nan' V to be silent, speechless.


    w

    1 'W uan' co 11 o q. like that.


    !::

    --+Short for
    !::

    !::

    tJ 11 'W,

    eJtJ111'W.
    !:: ' '

    --see eJtJ1'l'W'W.

    V to try to humor, assuage,

    o 1'\.J'W::::oU b [;'11 uan'n~siiHtw' That's it. That's the point. o


    I !:: "' i'WVI~ eJ

    be nice to an offended person (in order to make up with him).


    'l eJn n~og/

    That's why . . . .
    I uan'rY't -r-81-, -rci8 1 -

    Is that so?

    1. to sprout, bud. 2. to grow, increase,

    Is that it? --see VI~ eJ

    multiply (esp. of plants). C 3. sprout, plumule, bud.


    'l eJ n 11 :w n~::>gnaam' v

    :w 1 tJ 'l 'W, 1:w 'l 'W

    !::

    I!::

    m~ajnan', m~jnan 1 co 11 o q. other-

    wise, or else, if not. --Short for to grow' develop, thrive


    .l''U nab' V 1. to snap, snap at, nip.

    1:w eJ tJ 1 'l 'l 'W.

    !::

    2. to clamp.

    (of plants).
    'l eJn b ~ tJ n~ogtJ88j/

    3. to close, shut . V to grow, develop, increase,


    .l''J ( fii'1) uua' (tua')

    N ox. Variant of

    1'1,

    q.v.

    104
    .11 ~ ~t.J uua.gia/

    to feel sleepy, drowsy, not fully

    ~1'W~'Uii1~l1161lil

    "'

    "'

    .gaan'redtaled' oddjobs.

    awake.

    ~ 1'WiJ1 Vi~
    .gaal (mectl) N sesame. lWW-( lWW)
    ~

    uaanpiimajl N New Year festival. uaan'phnimeen' N roy. cremation

    ~1

    0l

    6~lil)

    1'W'W:i::: b:W;

    sesame (the plant).


    J1JJ'W ~ 1 nammanl.gaa' N sesame oil.
    ~

    ceremony.

    ~ 1'W'Wa uaanphfthiil N ceremony.


    ~

    LJ

    '1J 1 ~ , ~ 1) .gaa' N 1. tusk (of the elephant)

    1'W :i'W ~ :i

    uaanr9ynr88tJ' N party, festivity, a

    (kMa.gl, .gaa'). 2. ivory.


    ~ 1'il1 ~
    " I

    gathering for entertainment.

    .gaacMa.g' N 1. ivory. 2. elephant tusk.

    ~ 1'W~ ~ 1 fi uaanliil~ad' N dancing party, dance. ~ 1'W llil uaanwadl N a fair held within the Buddhist
    temple grounds.

    'ill~~ 1 ( rl'l, bVel n) cMalJtJaa' (tual, ch~agl) N


    tusker, tusked elephant.
    ;y
    ~'Ut.J'l th~:>dkhiawlth~:>d.gaal

    bleJf'l

    bleJiiH 1

    idiom.

    ~1'W:'J~t.J .gaanwfcajl N researchwork.


    ~ 1'Wfi'W

    (a person) to become gentle, subdued, peaceful,


    be no longer vicious or cross; "to remove one's

    .gaansob' N funeral.

    ~ 1'W eJ ~ 6 ~ n .gaanl?adireeg 1 * N hobby.


    !il 1 ~ 'W'W n'W
    0

    fangs and tusks."


    ~

    damn88n'uaan' V 1. to carry on the

    1 .gftal V to be ajar. Sometimes also short for


    ~HHI.

    work. 2. to execute, carry out. 3. to manage. administer.


    lil ~ 1'W duu.gaan' V
    ~

    4'

    '

    ~ f eJ ~ 1

    .gya.gftal V to raise (the hand, a weapon)

    to observe, observe the opera-

    in a threatening gesture; to gesture menacingly (by raising the hand, preparing to strike).
    ~

    tion (e.g. of a system), observe (something) in operation.

    1 ~ .gaa.gl V to pull out, pull back.


    !'W .gaanl N 1. work, task, job. 2. ceremony,

    l;~ 1'W rh

    d~j.gaanltham/

    1. to get a job. 2. to

    have a job.
    LLl'l ~ ~ 1'W te.g.gaan 1 V 1. to get married, be married.

    festival, affair. C 3. unit of agricultural work in terms of area of land to be worked, approx. 400 sq. meters.

    2. to marry off.
    ~

    n 1 S--

    marrying, marriage.

    n 1 :i-- work (in general).

    o Lbl'l to.

    ~ ~ 1'Wm.J

    tE:uuaan'ka::::: to marry, get married

    Fl'W-- (unskilled) worker, workman, laborer.


    NOTE. 1l1J as a noun can take any of several

    rr 1 ~ 1 'W
    classifiers, e.g.

    thamuaanl v

    to work, do work.

    Fl'W- -

    ~'W

    chfn' for a specific task, d1tan' for khntu',

    worker.
    'W 1 t.J
    ~

    iW 11 j1lau' for kind of work, oll'W

    1 'W

    ( Fl'W) naaj.gaan' (khon')

    N person in

    an aspect or field of work, hbn' for a festivity.

    fl >l01 , '1-l'W

    charge of a project, supervisor.


    'U Vl1 s ~ 1 'W b:>:>rih~an'uaan/ v

    to administer,

    no161'~ ~ 1'W kamla.g.gaanl N 1. power. 2. phys.


    energy.
    '
    ~
    ~

    execute.

    1'W neJ 51~ 1 ~

    .,

    tJ S::; 511 'W ~ 1'W pras.lanl.gaanl V to coordinate the


    .gaank~:>s~au'

    N construction work. -+Also

    work (e.g. of different departments).


    ~ LJ'W ~

    I'Wn 1 ~ .gaankaanl N work (in general). n1H1'W.


    J-' '

    "'

    "' n 'l s penuaanlpenkaan/ v 1'W ~ IJ'W

    e lab.

    colloq. to be systematic, business-like.


    'W1Tn ~ 1'W ( Fl'W, 'W ~i t.J) phanag.gaan' (khon', naajl)

    ~ 1'W'iJ'WUl Vl:W uaan'kh~npiim.?tjl New Year festival.


    ~

    1'WQ61 eJ ~ .gaanchal:'b.gl N festival, celebration.

    N 1. employee, worker, person responsible for a task. 2. duty, responsibility. o

    ~ I'W 6 Q~:W .gaanchal88m' N 1. celebration (of a

    state or royal function). the king's birthday.

    2. the celebration of

    ~ "l1'W1Tn ~ 1'W ( Fl'W, 'W 1 t.J)


    naajl)

    c~wphanaguaan' (khon',

    N official, person in charge.

    ~ 1'Wlii1'WIJnrn eJ ~ .gaand~an'pogkhr:>:>.g'

    the admin-

    'W~~ ~ 1'W phala.g.gaan' N energy.


    Slt.J~1'W (QtJ'U) raaj.gaan' (chabab') N 1. report.
    V 2. to report.
    ~6

    istrative aspect of the work, the administration.


    ~

    1'W'U 1'W .gaanMan' N housework, household

    chores.

    s~

    1 'W n:euuaan' N labor, work.

    105

    Fl1ll~ ~ ~

    1'\J

    kh~areq:maan/

    N wages, pay (for

    tive price.

    labor).
    1

    "' r~dguaam/jaamdii/ N elab. b]fl"d-i1J..itJ1:Wii1


    (1

    ~ ~ ~ 1'\J

    ~ ~, u~~)

    roomJaan/ (roou/, hf:u/) N


    '

    colloq. auspicious time.

    factory, workshop, plant.

    6i .:j 1 .:j 1 :w sauaa/uaam/

    to be stately, handsome

    1;~ 1'\J
    U'l'\J 'I 1 'lJ

    nij/uaan/ V to be unemployed, out of a unemployment.

    and dignified, grand, majestic.

    job, out of work. Fl 'l1J..I-l~IllJaan/

    6i '.l tJ .:j 1 :w suajuaam/


    beauty.
    .:; .::->

    to be beautiful. Fl '.ll :w- -

    V 1. co 11 o q. to hit, strike,

    attack, hurt. 2. to scold. 3. to take serious measures against.


    '.l
    ~ ~

    l Vf'\Jiill Vf'\J 'I 1 :w Mndii/h~nuaam/ V e lab. colloq.

    CO"

    1. to approve.
    i 1:W
    0J ( ~

    2. to agree. N fork (as of a tree).

    TW wouuaan/ N sphere of activity, field of

    1:J.J) n.1am/ (u.1am/)

    work.
    '.l1
    ~'I

    i 1 :W~ 8 n.1ammyy/
    w~auuaan/

    N the region between two

    1'\J

    V 1. to be unoccupied, have

    fingers.
    l ~'\J 'I' 1 :W pelllJ.1am/ to be forked.
    'I 1 :W l!:l . See 'I :W ~ 1 :W . i 1 tJ.
    ~

    leisure. 2. to have run out of work, finished the work at hand. 3. to be unemployed. Fl'\J-unemployed person; unoccupied person.
    6f1'!J'fli 1'\J
    Vf~lili

    See

    .:j

    :W 'I 1 tJ .

    '

    ( U~'l)

    s~mmiguaan/

    (hen/)

    N office. 2. to take

    1t'J u.aj/ V 1. to be simple, easy. sV 2. easily.


    i 1 tJ

    1'\J judijaan/ 1. to stop working.

    nftajn~aj/

    V 1. to be simple, very easy:

    a vacation. 3. to absent oneself from work. 4. to go on strike.


    l eJ 1 fl1
    ~

    sV 2. plainly, unceremoniously. 3. easily. o 'Wiil'l 1tJ '1 phQud/u.1aju.1aj/ 1. plainly speaking. '\) 2. briefly speaking, in short. 3. generally speaking.
    'I 1 tJ till tJ n~ajdaaj/

    l eJ 1 ~ 1'\J ?awkaan/?awuaan/ V e lab.

    colloq. to take one's work seriously, to be in earnest about one's work.


    .:j

    V 1. to be easy, very easy,

    1'lJ . See
    1:W

    .:j

    ' uaam/ v

    ~ 'lJ 'I

    1'lJ .
    1. to be beautiful. 2. (plants) to

    simple. sV 2. easily, simply .

    1 ~ .:j, 1 tJ cajn~aj/
    1AtJ ~ 1tJ JJfl'l, 1 tJ

    V (a woman) to be cheap, easy

    thrive, flourish. sV 3. beautifully, nicely (esp. referring to the growth of plants). beauty. -.syn. 1. Gi'JtJ o '1.1 1 'l '1.1'\J 'I 1 :W kh.1aw/kh?IllJaam/ ~ The rice is growing nicely.
    0

    to get, free with her affections.

    fl'.l1:W--

    ...,

    J'

    dooju~aV with ease, easily. magn~aj/ V to be careless, heedless,

    sloppy, slovenly.
    '.l1 ~ 1 tJ w.1au~aV V to be obedient, tractable.

    t!iil fl8::; 1 s n1~~


    '\)

    1~ pluug/?araj/-k;'lm~juaam/

    '.J1'\J8'WGi8'W~1tJ

    w.1an:>:>n/s5:JlllJftaj/ V elab.

    No matter what you plant (there), it won't thrive.


    .:j (il.:j

    co 11 o q. to be tractable, easily led, compliant, obedient.


    8 tJ 'I 1 tJ fli.H 1 tJ juuu~aj/killlJ.1aj/ co 11 o q. to be '\)

    1:W nodnaam/

    to be pretty, beautiful,

    splendid.
    'I eJ fl ~ 1 ~ n;'l:>gnaam/ V to grow, develop, thrive

    easy to please (with regard to food and accommodations).

    (of plants).
    .:j

    1 m.J 1 til uaamphaad/

    to appear beautiful at

    i1'.l

    0!,

    'l.lel--

    (el'W) uaaw/, kh:':i:Jnaaw/ (?an/)

    first glimpse, to be superficially beautiful (mostly of women).


    .:j

    a pike with curved blade.


    ~

    1 '.l l!J

    uaaw/ i mit. the yowling, caterwauling of

    1:W.y;~ uaamphfd/

    to appear increasingly

    a cat. -.Dist. bVfiltJ'.l '11 uam/ V to conceal, hide, protect, preserve. l fl'U 'I 1 kebuam/ V to hide, conceal (something).
    <:
    0

    beautiful upon contemplation, to be profoundly beautiful (mostly of women).


    1 Q:W .:j 1 :W ( Fl'\J) chOomuaam/ (khon/)

    N beautiful

    Fl ~ 8'U f1 khr;'l:Jbuam/ V 1. to shelter, shield,

    girl, a beauty.
    S 1 Fl1 'I 1 :W raakhaa/uaam/ a good price, an attrac-

    cover. 2. to overwhelm, overpower (of emotion, temptation, etc.).

    106
    b ~ il'W ~ 1 n1anuam' N 1. clue, key to a solution.
    d
    0

    .}'

    'lJ'W b 11 kh1nuawl V to be glossy, lustrous.


    b~ 1

    2. hidden point, catch.


    ' tlil'W f1
    s~::m'naml V to conceal.

    "1 uawuaw' N a fleeting image. "1


    h~n'thuawuaw'

    '" b'VI'Wbblil b~ 1

    to catch but a

    f1 utim' i mit. the sound of a dog chomping his

    glimpse (of}.
    b ~ 1!J~ uawrn1Yd' N silhouette, dark shadow.

    food.

    " 11 uaml

    to jut out.

    <J'n b ~ 1 chaguaw' V 1. to shine, polish.

    2. to be

    ~ 'U . See ~ 'U ~ 'U . " ' ~~ (1 ~ ~) ufwl (roou') N Chinese play.
    ci"
    ~
    (l..'

    shiny, glossy. o J1d7'W<J'n b ~ 1 narnrnan'chaguaw' N varnish.


    ~

    tJfi' colloq. likethis. Shortfor -see


    il tJ 1 ~ 'W .
    ~

    tJ~~.eltJ1~~.

    b~'W b ~ 1 pell\)aw' to be glossy, shiny.

    b~'Wb~1lil1:J.Jrl'l pell\)aw'-taarnltua' "as one's


    shadow follows one's body": a simile for an inevitable consequence. Cf. Eng. "as night follows day."
    b ~ 1 <9J ufiwl

    ~'U utib' C 1. elf. for a nap. V 2. to take a nap.


    ~d-1~"1 uymuaml sV by murmuring, muttering, mumbling, in munnurs, mutteringly.

    ~ ~ ~ d-1 f1 phfiud 1 uymuam' to murmur, mutter, 'IJ


    mumble.
    ~'W~

    N 1. ancestor. 2. base or underground -Some-

    portion of a plant stern or tree trunk.

    i uunuou 1

    to be dazed, bewildered, per~

    times also
    b ~ 1 t.J See b ~ 1::: <9J
    (

    bV! ~ 1 .

    plexed.

    1 n b ~ 1 rtiagufiwl N 1. root.

    2. origin, source.

    fW ~ 1'W
    '

    ufinutianl V to be upset, restless, irritated,

    1~ b 1' 1 .
    'U

    angered.

    1'U, i 1 n, t:H1)

    u5?1 (bajl, Inug', phOn') N

    ~'U~'U uubufbl

    1. to behave or perform surrepti-

    rarnbutan, a kind of red fruit covered with soft spines or hairs (Nepheliurn lapaceurn (Sapindaceae)).
    b ~ 1:::
    iB (

    tiously. sV 2. surreptitiously.
    uuml

    i d-1

    to be curved, bent downward, hooked

    (like the beak of a parrot).


    ~d-1~ 1d-J

    Fl'W) u5?1 (khon')


    b 11::: <9J.

    N Negrito, Sernang.

    unmutiaml

    1. to be clumsy, awkward.

    Derived from

    sV 2. clumsily, sluggishly.
    'IJ

    ~~ b ~ 1::: htian5?/ 1. curly hair, kinky hair. 2.


    Negrito mask. N a common
    b ~ 'W uan 1 * N 1. silver.
    ~
    a'
    ~

    ~ ( rl'l) uuul (tua') N snake.


    'IJ

    ~ bVtJ 1 ( rl'l) uuukhlawl (tual)


    green anake.
    ~
    'U

    2. money. The elf.

    n il'W

    is used for a sum of money. -syn. "gold." N python.


    'l1~~tJ

    n 1 S-- (see below).

    "1 LJ ii11 "1 uuuuuu'plaaplaal a little bit, bits


    and pieces (of knowledge).
    ( rl'l) uuulyam' (tua')

    eleg.

    -Often coupled with 'flill

    ~ bVl~ ild-1
    'IJ '

    n S::: LbGi b ~'W krasU:'uan' N 1. monetary currency.


    2. circulation or flow of money.

    'U

    ~ bVl1 ( rl'l) uuuhawl (tua') N cobra.

    b ~ 'W See
    b 1 tJ uaajl

    1~ 'W b ~ 'W

    under

    1i 'W

    n 1 S b ~'W kaalltJanl N 1. money matters, finance,


    financial affair(s). 2. (as n. mod.} financial. o Jl1 1 ::: n 1l b ~ 'W phaawa? 'kaalltJanl N financial situation.
    'lJ'W b ~'W kh1lltJan' to redeem for cash. Fl'W b fl'U b ~'W
    d
    .}'
    ~
    ~

    V to raise, lift (one's head, face). V to grow, develop, increase,

    ~ilnb~tJ tJ~::>guaajl

    multiply (of profits, interest; of plants).


    "-'

    b 1 tJ Vl'W 1 uaajn!ia' V to look up; to raise one's

    head, lift up one's face.


    ~d-1 b ~

    ( Fl'W)
    "-'

    khon'kebuen' (khon 1 )

    N cashier,

    tJ mumuaajl N angle of elevation.

    bill collector.
    bAsil~ b ~'W ( V'W, '11~) khr9anuanl (chfnl, chUd')

    b 1 J::; ~::; \)<3?\)~i? I

    V to be awkward, maladroit, inept. N image, reflection,

    b 11

    ( b ~ 1) uaw' (uaw')

    N silverware, articles of silver.


    ~

    '

    shadow. II l::: "l n b 11 ( 'U l'W, bbf-J'W) kracog 1 uaw 1 {baanl, phtn 1 ) N mirror.

    n b ~'W u6g'uanl to be avaricious, greedy for


    money. uankfiul N loan.

    b ~'WII

    'U

    107
    b ~'WFl ~ FlGl~ b ~'W

    tJ8n/khotJkhlan/ N treasury reserves.

    :l eJ'W b ~ 'W

    r5;:,n/u8n' V to be in desperate need of

    '1
    d

    1'HH

    '1 tJ8lltJ8n/th;:,;:,nth;:,;:,D/ N colloq.


    -See also b ~'W'Ylel~.
    d

    money.
    b 611'J :w b ~ 'W
    ~

    finances, money. o b ~ eJ
    ~ b~
    ~

    ltamtJ8n/ V 1. to plate, cover, be plated,

    'W

    '1

    'tW ~

    '1 rJan/ -:tJ8lltJ8n/th;:,;:,nth;:,;:,n/

    covered with a thin sheet of silver. 2. to enframe, be enframed with a thin strip of silver. '\1!1 b ~'W h<latJ8n' V to earn money, earn a living. o Vl1 b ~'WVl1l1B~ h<lau8n/h<lath;:,;:,u/ elab. colloq. idem. "" ~ "" b ~ EJ in ~ d b ~ EJ uuania/ not fully awake.
    b ~ EJ in
    d d

    N colloq. money matters, financial matters.


    b ~ 'W b ~ el'W tJ8ndyan/ N monthly salary. b ~'Wbb~ ~ tJ8ndeen/ N counterfeit money.

    b~'Wl; tJ8nda.aj/ N income. o Jl1i}b~'Wl; phaasii/tJ8nda:aj/


    b~'Wlii'W tJ8nt6n/ N finance

    N income tax.

    to feel sleepy, drowsy,

    principal,capital

    sum.
    b ~'Wlil :i

    b ~ UVl'W ~ utahuu/fau/ to cock the ears, i.e.


    'U

    Q./

    1 tJ8ntraa/ N minted currency. 2.

    try hard to listen.


    ' b ~uu ntan'

    b ~'W'Ylel ~ tJ8n/th;:,;:,n/ N 1. gold and silver.

    colloq. money. above.

    -See also b ~'W '1 'Ylel~ '1

    v 1. to lust, be desirous (sexually).

    2. to have a craving for (narcotics).


    b ~EJ'U utah/ V to be quiet, still, silent, soundless.

    b ~'W'YlellJ tJ8nth;:,;:,n/ N change (money returned). b ~'W 'Yl'W tJ8nthun/ N capital (money in an invest-

    ment).
    b ~'WtJ'W~ ii'l tJ8n/panpMn/ dividend (given to a

    '

    '" ( ... ) b "' b n'U ~ EJ'U keb( ... )utah/ to keep (something) in secret.
    b ~U'Un~'U ntabkrlb' to be completely soundless.
    b ~EJ'U

    shareholder).
    b ~'W~ el'W tJ8nph:,;:,n/ N installment. b ~'Wt.J 1 n tJ8nfaag/ N money on deposit.

    '1 utabutab/ 1. silent, quiet, taciturn. 2.

    silently, quietly, in silence.


    b ~U'U~'U utab/chlb' to be very silent, not let one-

    Ub!Jilb ~'W tJ 1 n banchii/tJ8nfaag/


    '

    N bank account. N special

    self be heard from at all.


    b ~U'U bVU'U ntabchtab/ to be dead silent. b ~U'UG'l ~ ntab/lotJ/ to quiet down. b ~U'U bVl~ 1 utabu<lw/ V to be silent and lonely.
    ~

    b ~'W b~:w~ b A '\of tJ8npM8m/phf seed/

    auxiliary allowance for employees (in addition to the regular salary).


    b ~'Wii'~ "1'1 tJ8n/madcam/

    N deposit (down pay-

    b~U'l

    ufaw/ N Shan.

    -Syn. 'tiTW.

    ment).
    b ~'W~Iil

    "" b'-18 uya' V to raise (the hand, a weapon) in a

    tJ8nsod/ N cash.
    ""

    threatening gesture; to gesture menacingly (by raising the hand, preparing to strike).
    b B~ 1 mraua.a / i d e m. "" b ~ eJ l'leJ nya/myy/ to raise the hand (in order to
    '

    b ~'WVJ:l.J'W b 1'EJ'W tJ8n/mi1nwian/ N currency (money

    in actual use, in circulation).

    '

    :i

    ~1 ~ b ~'W
    ' 'U eJ b ~'W

    ( Fl'W) cMatJtJ8n/ (khan') N silversmith. ' ( 'U eJ) b:,;:,tJ8n/ (b?,;:,/) N silver mine.

    strike).
    b'-ieJn
    d

    b~n b ~'W oo8g/u8n/ V to withdraw money (as

    Ol'l) u?ag/ (tua/) N 1. mermaid. 2. dugong,


    an aquatic mammal (Dugong).
    ( b ~ el'W, 'lJ ~::: n 1 :l) u?an/ N 1. knot (n)}an').
    d

    from the bank). o

    1'U b~ n b ~'W

    ( 1'U) baj/oo8gu8n/ (baj/)

    b ~ B'W

    bank. withdrawal slip.


    '\.J611 b ~'Wl.J611'YleJ ~ plaatJ8n/plaath;:,;:,u/ N small
    d

    2. joint (u)}an/). 3. hint, clue (prakaan/).


    b Fl1 b ~ eJ'W b 1 el'W l 'lJ
    d

    ( 'lJ 8)
    ""

    khawn?an/

    (kh~;:,/)

    N clue.

    carp with gold and silver coloring.

    ( 'lJ eJ) n?ankhlfj/ (kh~;:,/)

    N condition,

    tJ 1n b ~'W faag/u8n/ to deposit money (in the bank).


    o

    stipulation, proviso. o UB:Wbb~L~Ul:w:i:lb~eJ'Wl'IJ j;:,;:,mphte'-doojmttjmiil u9ankhlfj/ to surrender unconditionally.


    d '
    "" ' d

    1'UW 1 n b ~'W
    61:w~t.J1nb~'W

    ( 1'U) baj/faagu8n/ (baj/)

    bank. deposit slip. '

    (b61:W)

    samud/faagu8n 1

    (l~m/)

    b ~ 8'W ~ 1 u9annam/

    N 1. clue, key to a solution.

    ' N bankbook,

    passbook.

    2. hidden point, catch.

    b ~ eJ :W .

    See entries below.

    d finally. N precipice,
    'H

    LfeJ:Wr.J1

    (bb~~)

    uyamph&a'(helJ')

    cou' AA lit.,eleg.

    imperativeandhortatory

    overhanging rock, projecting cliff.


    b

    adv. -awe "let's; come on (and); go (and)." May also be used by sup. to inf. o

    f eJ:W~ eJ
    I

    uyammyy' N idiom. control, clutches,


    .'J-'
    <"

    power, hands. o eJ 1:J 1 '\J L~ eJ :W :W eJ 'IJ eJ ~ j uuna j:oyammyy'kh:'i:JD := to


    'II

    'IJeJ1;FlblJ,'l~~9J1'tfArih'QV1 '
    ~ ~'d I:J Jl'\J b ~Vl

    kh:'i:JMjkhun'co:osob:=

    cMogdii'-tM8d' ~ May you have good luck! phO.agraw co:ochQajlkan:=

    be in the clutches of.


    bb ~ nee' 1. i mit. the sound of a baby crying. V 2.

    o 'W 'd n b S 1 'l

    th88d'i Let's all pitch in! 5l


    ~

    colloq. to cry.
    ~

    oo . See entries below.

    e:Jbb1 :!):J:J:!)ee' V 1. to be fussy, childish.

    2. to

    'l~Ln~I:Jiil'l~'ll~ co:oklladlco:ocha:o' V tohateand


    hold a grudge against (someone), to hate and bear ill will (toward someone).
    'l ~ 1 'l co:ocajl AA intend to, intentionally, deliber-

    cry, pout (like a child).


    bb~

    ' bb~)

    :ote' (:ote')

    N 1. angle. 2. point of view.

    J-JeJ~1'\Jbb~;11:J
    bb~ ~

    m:J:JD'naj:ote'niajl to look at some-

    thing from a pessimistic viewpoint. :ot:o'* C branch of a rhizome, e.g. of ginger,

    ately. o 5l ~ 1 'l ~ 1 b'IJ 1

    co:ocajkh~alkhaw' intend to kill,

    turmeric, galangal, etc.


    bb ~ ~ ifJ :ot:o'* 1. i mit. the snarling of a dog. V 2.

    kill intentionally, deliberately. o 'l ~ 1 'l rh co:ocajtham' to do (something) intentionally.


    'l ~

    to snarl, growl.
    ~ eJ ~ Lb~ ~

    :o:'l:o:ot:o' V to scrap, quarrel.


    ~
    ~

    :ln,- -Jl'n~ ( lileJ)


    in

    co:onigl, co:onig'pMgdii'(6:J:=)

    bb ~ '\J . See bb UJ . See

    eJ'\J bb ~ '\J . eJ :J..ilb ~ :W . 'l ~


    bT1

    V to be loyal, faithful (to).


    L'l 1::: 'l ~ c:,?co:o' V 1. to pick out, single

    bb1 :W :oem' V 1. to open slightly.


    bl1::: :o?1 V to pry, pry open.

    2. to be ajar.

    out; to specify, be specific about. specific, precise.

    2. to be

    1 ~

    :oCio' V to be stupid, foolish.

    A 'd 1 :W--

    stupidity.

    'l

    ~ eJ 1 ~ , ~-cobra.

    ( m1)

    co:o?aa:ot, :ouu'co:o?aa:o' N king

    ~ :w 1~

    :oom:o6o 1 V to be stupid, foolish.


    'l A

    1~ b ~ 1 :oCio:o~w' V to be utterly stupid. 1~9J ~ :W, 'US :W 1~ :oCio'b:J:Jroml, b:J:Jrom'ma:oCio'


    V colloq. to be utterly stupid, abysmally ignorant. Fl'd 1:W-utter stupidity, ignorance.

    cod 1

    V to touch on, adjoin, abut.

    -S y n. 'l S Vl

    e leg.
    'l A 'l eJ ( eJ U fl'U)
    'II

    codc:,:JI(juuka:=) V to concentrate

    (on), to pay close attention (to).


    ,;j9J'llil dtbcod1 V to be desultory (in doing work).

    1~ ~

    :o6o:o 1 V to be arched; to be long and curved. :ooon:oeen' V to be tottering,


    '1 A

    1 ~ '\J in 1 ~ 'W b ~ 'W

    11

    cod' V to mark, note, jot down, record.

    unsteady.

    'l A '11 codcam'

    to retain, fix in one Is mind.

    1~'W

    :o6on' colloq. like that; that way, of that sort.

    'l A'Yl::: b'iJtJ'W cod 1 thabian1 V to register (intr.),

    ~short for

    u~ 1 ~'W , eJ u1 ~ 1 ~'W .

    ~see

    eJ tJ 1 ~

    be registered.
    'l A~:W li:J ( !QDLJ)

    n 1 S- -

    registration. N letter

    1~'W.
    l~ :oajl colloq. 1. how?, what?, in what way?

    codm&ajl (chaoob')
    '1. :W.

    (epistle). o

    ~Abbrev.
    c>

    2. how, what, in what way, in whatever way. 3. odd, strange, not quite right, unacceptable. -short for

    'llil~:W11:J611'Yl:::blii:J'W

    codm&ajllo:othabian' N

    registered mail. o '1 A~:W 11:! b 1tJ'W codmaajwian' N circular. o 'l A~:W 11:! b~~ cOdm&ajheed' N written account, record (as of events), document.
    'l A
    bT1.

    u~l1 ,e:~u1111.

    -see

    e:~u1lls.

    See entries below. to pause, hesitate (because of

    '1 Vl 'l eJ 1 codc:'l:o' v

    5l C:J:JI MIDDLE consonant. Pronounced c initially,

    indecision or mental block; often staring fixedly

    109 at something). -+See "I eJ


    ~

    @J

    6'/J 1 AeJ fJ "I 'W~'W'VI1 fJ


    1; ' "

    kMwkh:J:Jjl -conf6n'Majl!
    d

    'VI:J.J A"I A modcodl V 1. to be flawless, spotless, clean, neat. sV 2. spotlessly, neatly. hllilca.tu::::, catu::::, catu?.-: Combining form meaning q "four," as in the entries below. See also ~lil. q "llii'\J 1 '11 caturoadl lit., e 1 e g. quadruped (adj.). q
    d
    ~

    He waited till it stopped raining.

    o 6'/J 1 AeW liiHblil 6'li 1 "! 'W 6mH khawkh:J:Jjl- ta.utn:::::


    chaaw'conthtau'! He waited from morning till noon.

    o 'VI'J 1'\J'l'WUf>i'\JA1 waan'-consE:eb'kh:J:JI so sweet


    that it stings the throat. 'l'Wn ~
    '

    -+S y n. 61 6'Ill

    e 1 e g.

    "lliltJ"I ~u catiJ.?Ipadcajl N the four requisites q for maintaining the comfort of a Buddhist priest, viz., food, shelter, clothing and drugs.

    ::;~~

    conkratMu' Cj 1. until. Pp 2. to, up -Syn. liln'\J6'111 eleg.

    to, until.

    '1 'W n 11 ( . . . ) '1 ::;

    conkwaa' ( ... )ca:::: right up until,

    "llil~f>i. See q

    rflii~Gi under ~lil-. q q


    N the four-way administra-

    until the time that. 'l'W 6 n'W1LJ conk;:,;~m'paj excessively, far too. 'l'W1;

    'llilf>iA:J.JJl catusadom 1

    '

    tive organization of the government, in use as late as the early Bangkok period. Known also as 6 1u ~, 1~, Ai~, 'W 1 wiau'-wau'- khlau'-naa' "state, palace, treasury, and farmland (administration)."

    cond~ajl

    1. until (one) obtains (something),

    succeeds. 2. anyway (in spite of opposition or prohibition). 'l'WliiG'leJA contal:':>:Jdl Pp all the way through, throughout. 'l'Wlillti contaajl till death.

    'W

    @J

    con' V 1. to be poor, hard up, impoverished, in distress. 2. to be at an impasse, stuck, up against it. A11:J.J-- poverty. A'W-- poor

    "I 'W~ AIJ 1 n cont'id'paag' as a regular thing, constantly, habitually (of a person's verbal habits). 'l'W "" bl ~ conthY!J:::: of. Pp up until, as far as, to the point

    person, poor people, the poor. -Cf. "J"l'W'W. -+Ant. 6'/J llill ~ 'W

    nu.
    kh~wtaa' con'

    colloq. to be in a fix,

    'l'W66fl1"1'W~eJA

    conltew'conr~:Jdl

    colloq. onand

    to be having a hard time.


    '1 'W n :J eJ'\J con'kr:':>:Jbl V co 11 o q. to be extremely

    on, over and over.

    o A1 fJ ~ 'WUfl 'd '1 'W S eJ A kh:J:Jjl -conltf:w'conr~:Jdl-+


    (we) waited and waited (but he didn't come). "I 'W 61 An"cl ~ q

    poor. 'l'Wl'l con'cajl V colloq. 1. tobeunableto think of a way. 2. It can't be helped.


    hl'Wlil~eJncon'tr:':>:Jg'

    consud'kamlau' with all one's strength,

    to the utmost of one's strength. '11'\J"I'W cuab'con' Pp until. In rare use also a conjunction. lii611A'l'W tal:':>:Jdlcon::::

    V idiom. tobeatanim-

    passe, have no way out. 'l1Hblii:J.J con'tcem' V to be checked, blocked, cornered, brought to an impasse.

    Pp including, (extending)

    all the way to; even to (what is specified). '1'\J cob! V 1. to finish, end, be ended. sV 2. finish (doing something by coming to the end); to the end, through (see examples below). C 3. round, cycle, time. -+Dist. 2.

    ~'WJ'6\!6\!1 con'panjaa' V colloq. to be at one's


    wit's end, to have run out of ideas (in trying to figure something out). '1 'W:J.J:J.J con' mum' V idiom. to be cornered, q trapped, at bay.
    [J

    661~'1. -Comp. 1,2.

    1 n "I 'W

    j~agcon 1

    to be poor, poverty- stricken. A'W-poor people, poor

    5~ 6&111~'1'\J jauHiw'm~jcob'!
    finished telling {about it).

    ~'W ' 'VI:Wfl .

    (I) have not yet

    rl'l1:J.J-- poverty. person.

    ~1'W'VI1T~~eJ'l'\J

    ?aan'naus)'y'-cob 1 finish reading

    t.J1n~il'l'W j~agdiil-mii'con' elab. colloq.


    (whether) rich or poor. 'l'W ll:l coni Cj 1. until, till; so (e.g. sweet) that.
    Pp 2. until, till.

    the book, read the book through. '1'\Jrl'W cob 1 kan! That's the end of it all! continuing! (expression of despair).
    '1 '\J 61 -i cob'lou'

    No use

    -syn. lila1'\J6rl1

    eleg.

    to end, be concluded.

    110

    11il '1 '\J

    cudcob' N the end, the end- point.

    'ln01 'l

    canjaa' N 1. etiquette. 2. ethics.

    Iii eJ'W'1'U t:J:Jncob' N the ending {of book, play),

    n () 1 bb'W'YIO canjaapMedl N medical ethics.


    s!alcanjaa/ to go against etiquette, to violate rules of proper conduct, ethics, good manners.

    the finale.

    b ~()'Is~() 1

    1~;"l'U m~jn1ulcobl <u


    "l.:W.
    ~

    1. unending, endless; recur-

    ring {decimal). 2. endlessly, without end. Abbrev. for "llil'Vl:W1() letter.

    "lnLGil

    canloon' V eleg. to support, sustain, main-

    :W com' V 1. to sink.

    2. to be submerged, buried,
    "l S 1 lil

    tain.
    ( 61 n)
    'U

    embedded. 3. to be unproductive, dead (of investment).


    o ~ l 1 'W "l :W miigaanl com' to be up to one's ears

    caruadl (111ugl)
    d
    0

    N rocket.

    6fiHH'\J'W'ISJ!il

    ( bfiHH .~ 1)

    khrJanbin'caruad'

    (khrJan' lam') N jet plane.


    '1 '1

    in work.
    ~

    s::: b'IJ ( ~1)

    C:J:Jrakh~e/ (tual) N crocodile.

    "l :W lil'W
    "-'

    comdin' V to be embedded, buried (in

    s 1 "l s

    caraalc:J:Jnl N 1. traffic; usually

    n 1 S-traffic.
    N

    the ground).
    "l :W'Wo1 comnaaml V to sink {into water).
    "-'

    except in compounds. 2. traffic patrolman; short for il1 s ') "l- below.

    n1 s--

    'I:W'Wo11i11() comnaamltaajl to drown, get

    niJ 'l S1 '1 s ( "/! eJ) kOd'-caraalc:J:Jnl


    traffic laws.
    li11 s ') '1 "l ~ 1 "l

    (kh~:JI)

    drowned, die by drowning.


    "-'

    "l :W 6'U 1 com'Mw' s 1 a ng to be glued to one's

    s ( fi'W, 'W 1 ())

    tamruad'-caraa'c:J:Jn'

    place, remain in one's place for an inordinately long period.


    "l :W 1'\J 661 () comlpajlaaj I

    {khon', naajl)

    N traffic patrolman, traffic cop;

    the traffic police. s 1 an g very; so very


    'Y11l '1 "l! l

    s 1 '1 ~

    thaan'-caraa'c:J:Jnl N traffic lane. (seebelow). -Ant. b~'1

    much.
    "l:W:Wiil com'midl V 1. to be entirely submerged.

    cin' V com. 1. to be true, real. sV 2. truly, truthfully. eleg.


    fl'd1:W--

    2. to penetrate completely (as a knife blade

    into the flesh).


    0

    fl 1 1 :W '1! l

    ( '\J

    s::; n 1 s ) khwaamcin' (prakaan') N

    61:W"l:W l(}mcom' V 1. to go bankrupt.

    2. to col-

    1. truth; the facts; in fact, in reality. 2. (a) truth (e.g. of Buddhism).


    o :W:w61Fl'd1:W"lSl
    'U

    lapse, fall (as a government).


    '1:Wn
    'U

    ( '1:Wn)
    'U

    camuug' (camuug')

    N nose; snout.

    miimuun'khwaamcin' tohavea

    'V eJ ~ :W n kh}rycamuug' N the nasal septum.


    'U
    'U

    factual basis; there is an element of truth.


    '1! l
    ~

    ~"l:Wn
    'U

    (~)
    'U

    ruucamuug' (ruu') N nostril.

    '1 cincin' sV really, very.


    cincan' V 1. to be serious, earnest. sV really, se-

    "l

    c:J:Jn 1, c:J:Jn:;, C:J:Jra:; V 1 it. to go, wander, move about. fi'W-fi'W"l~

    "" '1 s l 'l l

    (see below).
    N 1. itinerant,

    2. seriously, earnestly. eW 1l--

    (Fl'W) khonc:J:Jnl {khon')

    riously, truthfully.
    o
    bD'W n l

    traveler, wanderer. 2. temporary guest {in a hotel).


    Fl'W 'l ~ ,;Jiil ( Fl'W) khonc:J:Jnca.d', khonc:J:Jracad'

    ~ '1! l ,;J' l penkaan 1 cincan' to be earnest,


    V to be sincere, heartfelt. fl 'J 1 :W--

    an earnest matter; earnestly, with all one's heart.


    '1! ll '1

    cincaj I

    {khonl) N vagrant. vagabond, homeless wanderer.


    Lfl 'l ~ khooc:J:Jn' V to travel (of celestial bodies). 'd l 'l
    ~
    ~

    sincerity.

    o l~'1Sll'l m~jcincajl V tobeinsincere.


    'I~~ eJ(J ( 'YI)
    <u
    ' d

    cin'jliu'-{thti:;)

    it's true {that); actu-

    ( ') ~) wonc:J:Jn' (won')

    N e 1 e ct. circuit.

    ally, in fact.

    "l ~ 6 'V . See

    'l ~ ::: 6'lJ

    l'1'l!~

    cajcin' N (one's)truefeelings,frank frankly, candidly.

    'lSiil carod' V eleg. to touch, reach, join, abut.


    ~s

    thoughts. eW 1 ~--

    y n.

    ~ lil

    <9J

    c om.

    ~'1 ~, ~'1
    q
    ~

    s~

    '1 dii'cinL dii'cincin'l That's fine!


    q
    A

    o '11nAS'B-t:'ISiil'li6110b;1 caagslisa?t-carod':; plaajthaaw' from head to foot.

    How nice!
    b 'YI '1 '1 s ~ as in
    'lJ eJ b'Yl'l '1 s l
    kh~:J'thedcin'

    N facts,

    111
    evidence, the facts of the matter: "points false and true." the verge of overtaking one (as when one is pursued by an enemy, confronted by an urgent issue). life-size, actual size.
    'l 'J 'U

    b~1rR'J'l!~ th~w'tuaciu'
    bb'Yl"l ~ ~

    in

    'l 'J 'U 'l 'W cuab' con'

    Pp until. In rare use

    thee'ciu' V to be real, genuine, actual.


    'l A.

    also a conjunction. c;:,;:,s;:');:,/, Abbrev. for 'l ~An :i 1 'IJ cun'lasagka::::


    9

    b'U'W 'l

    ~ ~ pencitJ' to come true, be realized; to

    materialize (as a dream, a plan). Fl '.l 1 :W-the actual facts; (in) actuality.

    raadl

    the Thai minor era, beginning March

    21, 633 A. D. to tell an


    '18
    GJ

    '\1Hil1~'l ~ ~ ph1lud'm~jcitJ' V com. OJ untruth. -s y n. See 1nVln

    c;:,;:,/ N (Year of the) Dog.

    -+The complete

    list of the cyclical years is given under {).


    '18 L!:J,--V!oJ'.I ('18)

    b~tJ'l!~ sfacitJ' colloq. really, so very (much).

    c;:,;:,/, c;:,;:,n1!.u' (c;:,;:,/)

    N screen

    o Ln~tJ~H~tJ'l~'.l kllad'siaciu' (I) really hate


    it, hate it so very much.
    bV!'W 'l J ~ hencitJ' V

    (for shadow play, movies).


    'l 8

    c:,;:,/ V 1. to point (at), hold close (to). sV 2. to, toward, up to, close to, against.
    0

    to be convinced.

    b 8 1 ill 'l 8 8 n ?awmtid'-c:,;:,/?og' hold a knife

    il

    co 11 o q. to perceive and understand clearly. o b'Vlb'Vl'W'ln h~jhen'citJ' convincingly.


    0-' .)
    A

    against (someone' s) chest.


    'l ill 'l 8 ( 8 ~ ll'U)
    OJ

    "-'

    <:

    codc:,;:,/(juuka::::)

    to concentrate

    8'W 'l1 'l J '.1 ?an/thticitJ' in fact, as a matter of fact

    (on), to pay close attention (to).


    'l 8

    (followed by a clause).
    b81 'l ~ ~ ?awcitJ/ V to be serious, earnest; to

    c;'\;:,/ rM modifier used with verbs of uttering e.g. 'IJ'W on


    b l>l1

    "crow,"

    AtJ "chat,"
    9

    'Will "talk,"
    'II

    take things seriously.


    'l! fil carld/ N 1. conduct, behavior.

    "tell," in the sense of "on and on, inces-

    2. affectation,
    fi 8 n 'l8n

    santly; eloquently."
    GJ (

    mannerism, airs.
    'l ~ fil n! tJ 1 carld'klrijaa' N (personal) way,

    1'U)

    c:,;:,g/ (baj/) c:,;:,g/ (t6n')

    N a small cup or glass. N water-lettuce, a floating

    L!:J

    ( fii'W)

    manner (esp. of women).


    ::in~ 'l !fil wfkon'carld' to be insane.

    plant (Araceae). "' 'l8n in ~n'l8n (fi'W)

    lllugd;:,g' (khan')

    N slang

    b~tlfi~fil sla'carld' 1. to lose one's mind. 2.


    to be insane.
    ~ b~

    subordinate; low ranking employee, member of the lower ranks.


    ;8nbb'l"'n,--'l8bb'l

    Fl'W--

    insane person. N inspector.

    ( 'W 1 tJ, Fl'W)

    caree/ (naaj/, khan/)

    c~gctg',

    c:'\gctglc;:,;:,cee 1 *V 1.

    'l L :i fi1"1 S 1 'l

    ( 'W 1 tl, Fl'W) caree'tamruad' (naaV,

    to be noisy, loud (as a large crowd). sV 2. noisily, loudly.

    khan')
    fi ~ 1 'l 61
    ~

    N police inspector. N

    ( F1 s '.1 , V!'W) calaa'con/ (khniu'. hon 1 )

    'l 8 ~ c;:,;:,u' V to reserve, make a reservation. 'l 8 '.1 'l"l c;:,;:,ucam/ V to imprison (with fetters).
    .;!,

    unrest, disorder, rebellion.


    'l. 'J. Abbrev. for 'l 1 n cuag' 'l 1 '.1 dlau'

    n 1 ~-- idem.
    'IJ 11 "white."

    ~'.IV!')ill

    changwat, province.

    'l 8 ~ fil 1 c;:,;:,tJti:ia' to reserve a ticket, make a res-

    rM intensifier used with

    ervation.
    'l 8 ~ l 1 :i , - - Gj 8 '.j n J S :l.J ( fil8 )

    V to plunge (into with full force). N officialresidence

    C;);)t)Ween 1 , C;);)t)Ween/:::::

    &l'.l'W

    GJ

    (Vl61''.1) cuan'(lau')

    c;:,;:,ukam/(6;:,:::::) V 1. to hold a grudge (against). 2. to seek revenge.

    of the governor of a province.


    'l 1'\.J L!:J cuan' AA almost, nearly, on the verge of.

    -s y n.

    81 'J.J l fil .

    ~'U "l 8 ~ cabc;:,;:,tl/ v to lay claim to (a piece of


    nonpossessed land), preempt.
    "l fJ '.1 c:'lu'*

    Used also as a verb in some special expressions, e.g.

    ~1'WrR'J

    below.

    -Syn. dl8'U,U'l'l'U,

    V 1. to gaze at, stare at, gaze, stare.

    V 2. to be waiting, watching, biding one's time.


    'l 1'W~::; cuanca::::
    GJ GJ

    AA idem.

    1 'iH ~ tJ'l,J cuancian/ AA idem.


    1'Wrl1 cuantua'

    AA 3. waiting (for an opportunity) to, interested ..., (solely) in. -See 3. 'l fJ ~ 'l::;.
    ~ill 'l

    something to be imminent, on

    8 '.1 codc~u' v

    to pause, hesitate (because of

    112 indecision or mental block). '1 eJ ~ l ~~ ~ c5u 1 kham~u' to stare fixedly (at). '1 eJ ~ '1::; du'ca:::: AA waiting (for an opportunity) to, interested (solely) in.
    ~"--'
    A

    T 3. title placed in front of the first name of a lesser concubine. -See Gi'W:J.J. l'l1'1eJ:J.Jl"/JeJ 'I ild-J '1 eJ rJ
    cawcoom's~d'

    colloq. a big fool.

    -s y n.

    A eJ rJ

    ~:::

    c:'>m'* V to park, moor, land.

    c:0

    YrJn'!..l'leJ~~:::mJ111ll'lrJ'Jll'Vl~:::

    ph11agnfil c:Ju'::::

    c:Sj'* V to be sad, hopeless, discouraged

    cakin'-tM.adiaw'lf:? ~ These people are interested solely in (getting) to eat.


    ~
    "'

    (ref. to facial expression); to look sick, spiritless, pepless.


    "' +

    eJ ~ l'l c:Juduu' V to stare at.


    'U

    Vl'W 1 'I eJtJ 'I eJrJ l1 l Vl~ eJ 1

    n~a'c:5j'

    to look sad, sick, spiritless. Vl'J 1'W "sweet,"

    eJ ~ ( ... ) Ll.J ~ c:Ju( ... )peu' V to stare, stare right at.

    c:Sj'* rM intensifier used with "yellow."

    ~
    +

    eJ ~ :J.J eJ ~ c:Jumoou' V to stare at. c:Su'*V slang to be cowardly, a coward. ( A'W) khonc:5u' (khon')
    +

    'I::; dt?l, ca:::: AA 1. will, shall; would, should. 2. to (in the Eng.infinitive). Used in ref. to future or un-

    'lil~

    Fl'W'l eJ ~
    +

    N a coward.

    realized events. See also Note 2 under 11 l1.


    NOTE. 'l ~ is commonly used together with

    ~eJ~

    '1 C:Suc:5u 1 sV slavishly.


    n~ataac:5u'

    Vl'W 1 lil 1 '1 eJ ~

    (with) a submissive ex-

    other adverb-auxiliaries. In such instances,

    pression, being quiet and looking dumb. '1 eJ ~ VleJ ~ couh:5u 1 * to be haughty, unduly proud, vain.
    ~

    a fixed relative order is observed. Certain adverb-auxiliaries must follow but not precede

    illl'l coocee' V to be crowded, congested, in confusion. '1


    ilnll~

    'l ~, e.g.

    'l ~;0 ~

    cat!lg' "will have to," 'l ~ 1~

    camajl "will not" (where

    l~

    is not in tum

    followed by another adverb-auxiliary). Most


    c~gc~g'co:xee'

    n '1 eJU'l

    V 1. to be noisy,

    adverb-auxiliaries, however, must precede 'l ~ , which is then usually best rendered by the English infinitive marker "to," e.g. A1 ~ 'l ~ "ought

    loud (as a large crowd). sV 2. noisily, loudly. '1 ill'! c:'>od' V 1. to stop, to park (a car), moor (a boat). 2. slang to die, be killed.
    d d

    to." Other such sequences are found under


    n'1i ~ ,

    di 0'U , A~ , A 1 ~ , LA; , 'l1 tJ, ~ ~

    , 'fin , ~,

    eJ l'l HI ( ll Vl1 , 11) thtilc:'>odr6d' (htu'. thti') parking space; parking lot.

    ;EJ~nl', ~~. 'Q~ ,LLll'U,V1,YlD, L~~ ,lTn,l~


    L;tJ,~B~,S~A1,,UStJ,0~ln,EIEin,Eil'l.

    '1 il'W in 'l il'W'Vl ... ( ~ 11)

    "'

    coonhUu' (kh~au')

    N 1.

    n il'W 'I::; l ~ 1 'W eJ'W to bed.

    k:'>on'cakhawnoon' before going

    sideburns. 2. lock of hair growing from in front of a woman's ear, and worn tucked up behind it.
    OJ

    '1:::111il~111S

    catham'jaauraj' 1. what'stobe

    done, what one should do; what shall (one) do? 2. no matter what (one) does. o 'I::; L~'W 1 S1l.J capen'rajpaj! It doesn't matter. Chiefly in
    0

    eJ'W in 61 il'W q il'W l:Jnc:Jnl* V to be nude, naked, bare. ( Uil dJ) c:'>ob'
    (l~m')

    'l il'U

    N hoe.

    q eJJJ cooml highest, supreme; head of.

    ~5 'W 'I ::; 'W mii? ani cakin' to be well off' wellto-do.
    ~ .:::.~d
    0

    compounds. 'leJ:J.Jl.JSI'Jn hill. (Sin) coompluag' (111ug')


    'U

    N termite

    o rJ'Wl'I'YI'I :::'!11 jindii'thticatham' to be glad to do. '" "' rawcapajnlij'k~da.aj~ Wecan o LS1'1:::1l.J1Vl'Wn1A go anywhere we like. 'I::;
    c~l

    '" 'l n 1 ~ 'I eJ:W l t:J A


    N dictator.
    'lil:J.J~SI

    ( A'W) coom'phaded'kaan' (khon')

    Pt s p. to i nf. or in t.

    1. the final particle

    ('W1rJ,Fl'W) coomphon' (naaj',khon')

    of statements and certain commands; 1st and 2nd examples. 2. Yes (in answer to a question); 3rd example. Used when sp. to servants, children, intimates. def.w.sp. o o -+Cf. A n.J
    ~

    1. field marshal. T 2. Field Marshal --.

    '1 eJ:W~SI

    L! eJ

    ( 'W 1 t1, Fl'W) coomphonrya' (naajl, khon')

    N 1. admiral of the fleet. T 2. Admiral --.


    'lil:J.J~1'1icoomr~ad'

    de f. m. s p.,

    Fl::;

    N king. N 1. a lesser concubine of

    l 'll 'I eJ:J.J

    "'

    c~wcoom'

    ~ll;'J ;::; diiltew'c~'L

    dii'ltewca'! That's fine!

    the king. 2. a rank for lesser concubines.

    LVb\ll bl eJ:::;::: chddn'thdca.' ~ Go ahead!

    113

    o 'l~'Y11'WU61'J c~-+thaanltew'l Yes, (I)'ve eaten.


    'l:::; ca./ Pt s p. t
    0

    [;] n 'l n1 'm] tog'c~gjajl c 0 ll 0 q. (rain) to pour


    heavily .
    .., .1J
    ~

    '

    i nf.

    r in t. 1. the final particle


    ...,

    ..,

    in questions; 1st example. 2. the final particle after other particles which are used to urge, suggest, or intimate (e.g. 'W:::, n s- ~JJ~), and occasionally after one used for request or emphasis (e.g. -tl); 2nd example. 3. particle placed after name, title, or kin term to address or to call the attention of someone; 3rd example. Used when sp. to servants, children, intimates. "' def. m. sp., A~ def. w. sp. See -+Cf. AS'U
    +

    'In 'I'W ( [;] 'J)


    ~a-'

    cagkadm'* (tua') N cicada. -+See also 'I .


    k

    'l n 'I , 'l n 'I cagkacti'* V to be ticklish.

    ~n s ( el'W) cag' (?an') N 1. wheel; discus. 2.


    discus rimmed with sharp teeth (now used as an emblem of the Thai army). 3. machine (esp. in compounds). -+Co mp. 1.
    sins cagkra:::

    ~n

    s.

    NOTE.

    also appears as the prior mem-

    ber in numerous compounds of Sanskrit origin. Such compounds are treated as separate dictionary entries.
    n 61 'Ins
    d ..,
    "' d

    also 'l:::; and 'l1

    o V1'\.J 1 '1-'l:l..J'l ~ ch~ob'majc<i'l Do (you) like it?

    "'

    ( LAs 1 ~ )
    d

    konlacag' (khr9an') N engine. N

    "' ~ o ii'W-ll'l
    ..,"'
    0

    kin' sica? l Eat. Go ahead and eat.

    LAs 1 'l 'l n s


    c: "-'

    ( LAs 1 ~) khr9ancag 1 (khr9an 1 )


    d -

    UJ..Je.J'W'l~ m~epMn'ca'l Phan! (callingher).

    machinery, engine, machine.


    '~
    Q..l'

    ~:::; HH.J

    ( el'W, ~:::; Hll) canoojl (?an 1, canoojl) N

    n n ll'Ue.J 1

    ( A'W, LAs- a 'l, mH)

    4-1

    cag'jebpMa'

    hooked end.
    ~:::;

    (khan', khr9an'. lan') N sewing machine. V to be clear, distinct (of what

    LL'l 'l

    ca.?lc~en'

    ~sins flicag' N speed, velocity (of any thing propelled by an engine).

    is seen or heard). sV 2. clearly, distinctly.


    ~ ~ ~

    s blsin s ( A'W)
    ~:::;

    r6dcag' (khan') N locomotive. N 1. emperor.

    61:::; l J..J ~ . Sometimes spelled

    161:::; LJ..J ~ , 'l1 S:::; LJ..J ~ .

    'In S"'l'lSS ~

    ..,

    "'

    ( 1 ~A) cagkrapMd' (?on')

    See entries below.

    T 2. Emperor --.
    sin S'l'lSS ~lJlJJ..J ca.gkrapMd'nfjom' N imperialism.

    (bon'. lOug', bajl)

    N eggs of the green turtle.

    o 'l'l s:::; L'l1 sin S'l'l s s ~ phnicAwcagkrapMd' N 1. emperor. 2. the emperor of (e.g. Japan).
    <t .., "'

    "'

    This large sea turtle is called L [;11 [;]~ .


    LJ611bl:::61:::LJ..J~
    <t

    (lii'J) plaa'caalamed'* (tua')

    "'

    61 J..J L~ 'l 'l'l s:::; J..J'l-1' 1 '! n s'l'l s s ~ ( 1 'l A ) s<Smdect'- phra::: mahaa'cagkraphad' (?on') N roy. emperor.
    sinS .!1'\'l cagkraph6b' N empire.

    ..

    butterfish, an edible marine fish (Stromateus).


    "'n 'l

    ca.gl. Literary variant of 'l:::; .

    "'n l!J cag' 'l

    v to split; to jag, notch (usually more

    LA~eJ~ns-.n'l'leJ~nq~ khrya'-cagkraph6bl?ankrld'
    the British Commonwealth.

    than once).

    -~ni;11'W. See entries below.


    o n 1 s ~n81'W kaanca.gsaan' N making of wickerwork, making of woven or plaited articles, such as mats, screens, baskets. o

    ~n s tJ 1'W, s bl-- ( A'W > cagkrajaan', r6d'cagkrajaan'


    (khan') N cycle (as a bicycle).

    ~n s lJ 1'Wll'W [;] ( A'W) cagkrajaanljon' (khan') N


    motorcycle.

    ~1 ~ ~n i;11'W

    ( A'W)

    cMancagsaan 1

    (khon')

    ~n S'J ss ~ ( ~n S'J n ~) cagkrawad'* (cagkrawact')


    N empire.
    ~ n s 'J s- s- ~qJ'\J'W
    Q..l

    wickerworker.
    b~'W ~n

    'l pencagcag' to be toothed, notched,


    -+Syn.

    ~d

    serrated, jagged. -+Dist. b~'WLL!il,n.


    L~'Wvl'W, L~'W'!-1'!Tn
    "' 'l n tn in
    "-'..,

    cagkrawad'jtipun' N the Japanese

    empire.

    ~n S 'J S S ~lJll J..J cagkrawad'nfjom' N imperialism.

    s 'l n
    ~

    n1ucag'

    1. to be acquainted with,

    ~n s 'J 161 cagkrawaan' N the universe.


    'iJ 1'\.J ~n s- 'J 161 kh~ob'cagkrawaan' N e leg. horizon.

    to know (a person). 2. to know how (to do something).


    '! n c~g' C com. elf. for a shower, a rainfall.
    !:;

    -+Syn. 'iJ1'U'I'l1

    "'

    com.

    61 ~ll ~n s 'd 161 surija?tcagkrawaan' N the solar

    -+Syn.

    '1-1'1 e leg.

    system.

    114
    ~n ~ cag'krii' N 1. king, monarch: "one possessing

    vene; to break in in the middle of. 2. to be interspersed (as trees dotting the landscape).
    ...,

    the wheel." nN 2. Chakri, name of the present ..., dynasty. -See 1. ~ n ~. NOTE. The names of the kings of this dynasty are listed below. Expanded print indicates the popular shortened form of the name.
    KINGS OF THE CHAKRI DYNASTY

    ...,

    ~ ~ Vl'l lil

    cauwad' N

    ~hangwat,

    i.e. township (an ad-

    ministrative unit). NOTE (1} Thailand is divided into over seventy first into 81 bJl eJ
    '" into Vl~'U 1'U
    ..., ..., ~ ~ Vl'l lil .

    These are subdivided

    "amphoe," then again into

    lif1'Uii1 "tambon," and occasionally still further

    ~S~V1TI~~L~"~1~~Tifi~8~;1,~1L~n phr~~ad'=
    s/SmdiM'-phr~phddthaj ~::>d'flia'-

    "village." (2) In this dictionary

    '

    '

    culaa'=

    !Oog' King Rama I ( 17 82-1809).

    names of .f~Vl'JI11 are glossed: "township in ... " ..., ..., 1111 ~ ~ ~ Vl'J 111 taau'cauwad' out-of-town, provincial: "a different
    ~hangwat."

    ~S~V1'11~~ L~"'I11~~TIO LiiA'II;1'1JJ11.i'tJ phn!~ad 1 =


    s/SmdM'-ph r~phddtha I~ ad' uta'- ru!phaalaj' King Rama II (1809-1824).
    '111~V 1TI~~ L ~"'111 ~'IJ' L n6'11 L "1 ~~'111 phr~~ad'=
    r;

    Normally used to refer

    to sections of a country outside of its capital.


    " .....

    ,L.

    '-'

    .f~~'U

    GJ

    cauh&n' N com.sacer. food, rice, meal,


    ...,

    siSmdM'-ph r~nau' klaa w'-chw'jiluhtla'


    King Rama III (1824-1851).

    '11~~V1TI~~L~"'WS~,8~Ln~1L~18~'111
    siSmd~d'-ph r~c

    ...,

    '-'

    .....

    phr~~d'=

    OJ

    repast. Used with Q'U m. ..., ..., ~ Vl'U 1B cauh&n1 See n ~ 'Vl'U canrajl V to be bad, mean, evil, wicked. cad' V 1. to arrange, prepare, put in order. 2. to manage.
    0

    ::>::>m' klaa w'- caaw'jiluht!a'

    .fbi! l ~

    King Rama IV(1851-1868).

    ...,

    ~ 111

    GJ

    s/Smd~d'-ph r~c

    unlac ::>::>m' kl a a w'-caawjilu=

    Ma' King Rama V, King Chulalongkqn (Chulalongkom)(1868-1910). See "~1~'nH1L


    ~~~U1TI~~L~,~~~~,Q~Ln~1L,18~'111 phr~~ad'=
    C' " (.,
    I .....

    .flilEJ1Vl1~ cadl?aah&an' topreparefood.


    cadkaan' 1. to make arrangements, to take

    .f111n 1 a

    siSmdM'-ph r~mou kbd' kUa w'-cdaw'jiluhila' King Rama VI, King Wachirawut (Vajiravudh) (1910-1925).

    care of, manage (things), to deal with, handle (situations). 2. co 11 o q. to fix, polish off, take care of. n 1 s ~management, managing. Fl'U-~-

    ~ 1 ~V1TI~~ L~,\1~ ~1.Jn Ln;1 L ;18~ll1 phr~~d'=


    ~

    s1Smd~d 1 -ph r~phg'

    kl a a w'-caaw'jiluht!a 1

    person in charge (usually temporarily}. manager. ..., ..., o


    ~ lil n 1 a n 'U ~ n

    King Rama VII, King Prachathipok (1925-1934).

    ~~~U1TI~~L~,'W~~'\J~ L~'IJ'IIS~'II181JJ'IJ'II~iiOJiil phr~=


    ~ad' siSmd"'d'-phn!p::>rameen'thar~maMa'- ?aa=

    cadkaan'kaHtug' to attend to a
    '.v&"

    nan'tMmahldon' King Rama VIII, King Anan (Ananda) (1934-1946), popularly known as cawjiluhila'- ?aanan'thamahldon'.
    phr~=

    child, take care of a child. o ~liln1S baEJ~n1HbtHn'U'IJ'U6H~mh::::~ '1rl1~


    <V

    cad::::

    '11S~V1TI~~L~"'WS~ L;18~ll1l1il~ii1801iil ~ ~ '


    ~ad'siSmdM.'-ph r~caw

    LOIV phnf=

    kaan'-r?aukaanjteu'kan-khtn 1 lou'-r6dpracarn:::: thaau' to deal with the (problem of} scrambling to get on and off buses. o

    j 1'1 uhila'- phu u m! =

    phon'-?adun'd"'ed' King Rama IX, King Phumiphon (Phumiphol), the present King of Thailand (1946- ).

    .fliln1~1;61nfl'U'U:W
    'IJ

    cadkaan'-Mjltlug'kinnom'

    to arrange for the child to have his milk.


    ...,
    OJ~

    can' sV co 11 o q. very much, a great deal, extremely. Probably ablaut variant of ~ S~. o 'IJ ~n.J~ thuug'cau' to be dirt cheap, extremely cheap.
    OJ

    t:J:W~::::111EJ~

    "' l 'li~liln1Sn'U'U1UFl'U'U'Wbi;iU'Yl . ., . ., ~ 5' "'

    ph6m 1 -

    cat:,upajcadkaan'kanaajkhonnan'- s iathiil! I'll have to go and fix that guy.


    ~ lil ( . ) 'IJ'U

    ...,

    &'

    cad( ... )kh?n' to arrange, set up,

    S~ .f~

    ciucau' V 1. to be serious, earnest. sV


    en! 1 ~--

    establish.

    2. seriously, earnestly. riously, truthfully .

    really, se-

    ~lilbb~ ~ cadcn:u' V 1. to arrange, prepare. AA


    2. make oneself ready to, prepare to (do something) .
    ..., ~ lil bb~ ~ Sl:::: cadceeuca::::

    .r~ ~ cauuau' v to be stupefied, stunned, astounded.


    .f~Vl'l:::: (.f~Vld::::) cauwa?l (cauwa?l) N a beat (as
    in music), timing interval, rhythm.

    AA prepare to (do some-

    thing) .
    ~

    'IJA.f~Vl'l:::: khad'cauwa?l V 1. to interrupt, inter-

    ...,

    li\111 ~ cadt.1u' v

    to

    to set up, establish, form.

    115

    ~lil 61 s s cadsan-' v
    ~lil 61 :ll ;j cadsiia:o-'

    to allocate, set aside for a

    tree. 2. nutmeg tree; short for lii'W~'Wll'W bllfi.

    specific purpose, apportion.

    ~'W ll'U 9 ~'Wm

    can-'tMburii-' pN Chanthaburi (Chantaburi),

    to build, construct.

    a township in C Thailand, SE of Bangkok.


    ( lil'd i)

    ~lilV!1 cadMa-' V to secure, provide, (try to) find.


    o

    can-' (dua:o-')

    N 1. the moon. 2.
    ~

    ~lilV! 1 b ~'W 1~

    cadhi1a-' -:oan-'Mjl to provide

    a s t ron. satellite, moon. 3. short for -Alsol,2. lil'di--,


    'WS~--.

    1 'W- -

    money for (someone or some purpose).


    &' ~ ~ J "llil
    ~

    ryy-'cad-' V to rearrange.

    ~'W'Il S Fl S 161
    (khra:o-')

    1:;

    ( Fl :l i)

    canthakhriiad, cantharakhriiad-'

    'i lil l!J cad-'

    1. to be hard, strong, intense, ex-

    N lunar eclipse.
    ~

    treme. sV 2. extremely. o
    b Fll-J "llil

    1'W ~'W '11 :l


    ~

    wancan-' N Monday. -+The days of the


    'd'W.

    "'

    khemca.d-' V to be very salty.


    "l'U

    week are listed under cab-'

    o tJ 1 n ~lil paagcad-' V to have a sharp tongue, be sharp-tongued, sarcastic, given to giving a tongue-lashing.
    ~

    1. to grasp, catch, catch hold (of), seize,

    arrest; to cling, hold on (to). C 2. bunch (as of vermicelli (see

    'V'Wl-J~'W), or of noodle-like

    &ll-J 'i lil lorn-' cad'

    1. to be windy. 2. the wind

    shreds of egg yolk (see t:lJtJ'IlJi )).

    is strong. o
    &1

    l;~'U t'W
    fever.

    khiijlcabsan-' N e 1 e g. mala1ia, malarial -Syn.

    l-J'Wiil "llil

    lomphad-'cad-' the wind is blowing

    1;~1

    colloq.

    hard.

    ~'Un&l:W cabklum-' V togather, assemble, crowd 9


    around, form a group.

    ~lil '1 W caddtan 1 V to be sarcastic, sharptongued, outspoken, bold (in speech).

    ~'U rl'W cab-'kan' to gather together, stick together,


    combine (intr. ).

    ~lil b '1 'W '

    b 'i 'W ~lil (

    ~ J '

    n 'U ' 1'W )

    cadceen 1 , ceencad-'

    (t:,::>:::;, ka::::, naj::::)

    V to be experienced, skillFI11:W--

    ~'Unl-J cabkum' v to arrest. 9


    o 9J ~n~'Unl-J thuug-'cabkum-' to be arrested, get 9 arrested.

    ful, well-versed (in).

    experience.

    ~lil11 cadtawaal Nm restricted four. See


    following examples. .-Cf.

    ~.

    6J'W~Iil11 chan-'cadtawaa-' the fourth (and lowest)


    rank in civil service.
    'W 1 tJ'W&l ~Wd1 ( 'W l tJ, Fl'W)

    ~'U l; cabkhiijl ~'U ~ cabkhOu' 9J

    to have a fever.

    V to pair off, form a pair (with),

    take a partner. naajphon-'cadtawaa'

    ~'U bFl1 cab'khaw-' v to get the idea; to detect.

    (naajl, khan')

    N 1. brigadier general. T 2.

    ~'U "llil cabcbd-' v to be desultory (in doing work).

    Brigadier General --.

    ~'U 'l J ;j cabc::>::>tJ' v to lay claim to (a piece of


    nonpossessed land), preempt.

    L~~lil11
    ( + )

    majcadtawaa-' N the fourth tonal marker of the Thai writing system.

    -s y n.

    l;;
    '1
    ~-

    ~'U 'l, 1 tJ,

    -- 1.J61 J tJ cabcaajl, cabcaajlcMjs5::>jl V

    nln'Ulll. -Dist.
    "'~v

    b~tJi~lil11

    "rising tone."

    e lab. coAl o q. to spend, expend.

    Combining form meaning "four," used chiefly in the expression given below; elsewhere
    ' 9J

    ~'U1 'l cabcajl v to capture one's imagination;


    .
    0

    to captivate, impress.

    ~Iii i'61 ( ~L)) cadturad 1 {rOub-') N square. -Also


    written "llil i' 61 . 9
    v v

    tJ 1 ~'U 1 '1
    pressive.

    nita' cabcajl v

    to be captivating, im-

    ~rw

    in lil J n '1 'W ( lil J n)

    d:,::>gcan-' (d:,::>g-')

    N 1.

    ~'UV'W'l s cab-'chtibphac::>::>n-' to take the pulse.


    oi''U Iii J 'l

    asterisk. 2. asterisk-like mark on a cobra's hood.

    cab't~:o-' v to hold, to touch with the hands.

    ~'UA'd cabtua' V to catch, capture, arrest a person (as a criminal, a prisoner of war).

    ~'t.llTW can-' N sandalwood and other fragrant woods


    (Santalaceae).

    ~'Uiil1 cabtaa-' v 1. to watch closely, keep an eye


    ( lii'W)

    ~'t.I'Yl'W bllfl canth@ed' N nutmeg. lii'W-nutmeg tree.

    on. 2. to be eye-catching, striking. o 'l1l-J~'Uiil1' :oaam-'cabtaa-' to be strikingly beautiful.

    lii'W~'W'Yl'W ( lii'W) t5ncan-' (t5n-') N 1. sandalwood

    116
    ~

    o "l'UIII1Vl l'IJ1 cabtaal-duulkhaw to keep an eye


    'II

    with a heading. 2. to write down, put down (a name). 3. to be addressed to (followed by D1) .

    on him.
    ~

    "I '\J Ill 1 :J..1 eJ 1 ca.btaa I m:J:Jl) I

    to keep an eye On, to

    "l1

    c~al

    V 1. to be bright, strong (of light, color,


    lllll Ill "sun'

    fix one's eyes on.


    ,q'U 1111 tl cabltaaj I

    sound). rM 2. modifier used with shine",


    61 'J 1 'l

    V to take dead: "capture dead."

    "bright", 61 eJ 1 "shine", S eJ 1 "yellow". See also

    .... Ant.

    ,q'Ul~'W.
    0

    "cry", LVI~tl1 11 0 q. to bring


    "l1

    l~Vl"l1.

    ,q'U'Url ~ nLlfl 'd cabbbdl?ligltew' c

    caa' Pt com.sp.to inf.or int. 1. particle placed after name, title, or kin term to address or to call the attention of someone. 2. Yes? (as a reply when called or spoken to). Used when sp. to servants, children, intimates.

    up (that) subject again; to start up again.


    ,q'Ui.J611 cabplaa/ ,q'U.l ~'W cab'pen'
    ~

    v
    v

    to fish.

    n 1 ~--

    fishing.

    to catch alive, take alive.

    .... Ant.

    "l'UIII1tJ.

    ,q'U~eJ cabmyyl

    1. to shake hands. 2. to hold

    Similar to "l:::;, mng. 3, but tends to imply greater tenderness of feeling. m. sp .. '1J1 def. w. sp. ....cf. A i''U de f.

    hands, clasp hands. 3. to grasp (someone's) hands.

    "" eJ "" hl~'U:W bl eJ ll 'IJ'W cabmyy' -th)lykhten/ e 1 a b. c 0 11 0 q.


    1. to hold hands. 2. to hold by the arm.
    "l1

    ll~~'W"l+ 1 m~ephan'caa'l
    l!:J

    Phan! (calling her).

    caa/ rM intensifier meaning "very, ultra" used with

    ,q'Ul~,q'U~eJ

    cabmaajlca.bmyy'

    elab. colloq.
    "11 n

    1VI~

    "new," VIS1

    "occidental."

    1. to shake hands. 2. to hold hands.

    <9)

    lll'W' A'U)

    caagl N 1. nipa palm (Nipa 2. a thatch of nipa palm leaves

    ~'U J bl cabr6dl to catch a bus or any other kind


    of vehicle. [tr. f. Eng.] ....see
    ,q'U s :::;'\J'1 cab'rabaml 'IJ'W s bl.
    &'

    fruticans)(teln'). (tab').
    "l1 n l!:J
    (l

    to dance (in reference to

    iJ ':w 1) caagl(pajl, maal)

    1. to leave,

    a group performance on the stage).


    ,q'UG1!;11n cablsalaag' to draw lots. !;l:J..i,q'U lomcabl colloq. to faint, collapse.
    ~ ~

    depart, go away. Pp 2. from, since.


    "l1 n ll'W

    caag'kan to separate (mutually), leave

    (one another).
    !::: "l1 n'W'W ' caagnan' after that. !:::

    VI:W1tJhl'U

    (Q'U'U) maajcab' (chaoob')

    N warrant

    of arrest.

    Ill eJ '11 n'W'W 6;,'caagnan' from then on. N gable. "white."


    v

    ~'l
    "'

    (el'W) cua' (?an')

    bllil '11 n'W'W thad'ca.agnan' next to that.


    'W eJ n '11 n n~;,g'caag~

    !:::

    ,q'l:::; cua?l rM intensifier used with '1J 1 'l


    hl 1 in ~Ill hl1
    'II

    1. besides, outside of. aside

    philudcaal V co 11 o q. to speak.

    from.

    2. except, other than, excluding, beyond.


    n~;,gdtagw.1a'

    "l1

    <9J

    dtal N 1. leader, head, chief. 2. petty officer (navy). 3. noncommissioned officer (army, air force, police). T 4. title placed before the first name of a petty officer, noncommissioned officer.

    o 'Wtln'l1Wl1 vided that.


    l 'W eJ 1 '11 n

    1. unless.

    2. pro-

    "'
    v

    n9au' ca.ag~ owing to, on account of,

    due to; owing to the fact that, because of the fact, since.
    VI fl1 'I 1 n lau I caag~ after. '111

    "l1

    ~nl'J'111 caa'cauwad' N lieutenant governor


    of a changwat.

    caau'

    1. to fade (away).

    2. to be faded (of

    ~ 1'\.J 1 tl ~'U
    ' "l1 ~ 1 ;;'!

    caa'naajslb' N 1. sergeant major.

    color), diluted.
    l ~ eJ '111

    T 2. Sergeant Major --.


    ( Fl'W)

    cyacaau 1 V 1. to dilute.

    2. to be dilute,

    caasaan' (khon')

    N court clerk.

    diluted.
    l 'I eJ'W'l11

    "l1 l eJ n caa ?eeg' N 1. first petty officer. T 2.

    "'

    ' cyancaau' V 1. to become tasteless,

    title placed before first name of same.


    i'W"l1 phancaal N 1. warrant officer. T 2.

    insipid. 2. to become thin, diluted. 3. to vanish, fade, evaporate.

    title placed before first name of same.


    "l1 l!:J in "11 VI'W 1 caan.al V 1. to address, provide

    rh1 ;(( ... ) '111 tham'Mj( ... )caau' to dilute


    (something), fade (something).

    117

    L)Rl61Vilil~1~ r6og'-loohld'caau' N anemia.


    ~

    itures.
    ~

    1 ~ dian'
    b nrn'tl ~ 1 ~

    V to hire, employ.
    keen'c~an'

    ' 1 fJ 'l1 fJ raajca.ajl N expenditures, expenses.

    V to conscript for labor

    '11 S- .

    Bound form meaning "spy."

    (with pay).
    Fl1~

    'l1Snn:w caarakam' N eleg. espionage, spying.

    1~

    kh~ac~au'

    N wage, wages, pay. N employer;

    -+Also
    ~1S'fi'W

    n 1 S-caarachon' {khon') N eleg. secret

    'W1f:J~1~

    (Fl'W) naajdan' {khon')

    (Fll.!)

    boss.

    agent, spy, intelligence officer.


    ~ 1 s:::: 1'W caaranajl V to explain in full detail,

    ;'U~ 1 ~ r::ibc~au' V to take employment; to hire


    (oneself) out. Fl'W-- employee. ..., b~ e.J ~ 1 ~ ( 611) ryac~an' {lam') N sampan (taxi boat propelled by oar). ..., 61 n ~ 1 ~ ( Fl'W) lOugdian' {khon')
    'U

    elucidate .
    '11 ~ ::::tl caarabiil N a kind of heavy lubricating

    grease .
    N hireling, 'l 1 s : : b:W li1 See

    '1 :::: 61 :::: b :W li1

    ' ..., 1 1 ~ 1 ~ w~ac~an' V to hire, employ, engage.

    employee.

    '11 Sn caa'rfg' V to travel, wander (often in ref-

    erence to the Buddha).


    '11 ~lil
    ~

    ~'W~"'-'1 ~ sinc~au'
    ~ 1'W
    0J (

    N remuneration.

    ( e.Jf:J 1 ~)
    ~

    caa'rtid' (jaau') N custom, common


    '

    1 'U)

    caanl {bajl) N plate, dish.

    practice, convention, tradition.


    ~ 1 s IW\J

    ~ l'WoU'W ( 611) caanbin' {lam') N flying saucer.

    s:::: b'Wrn ( e.J til ~

    ) caa' did'praphee'nii'

    ~1'W~ (611) caanphlil (lam')


    'l1'W ~ e.J ~
    'll'W b ~tH ( bl~'W)

    idem.
    N saucer.
    N phono-

    (jaan')

    N custom, tradition.

    ( 1 'U) caanr::>::>n' {bajl)

    'l1 S n caa'cyg' V 1. to engrave (on stone, metal or

    caansian' {phtn')

    wood). 2. to write (on anything).


    'l 1 61 :::: b:W li1 See

    graph record. More commonly


    'l1'W lfl in 'l1'W.
    ~

    Lb~'W b ~tl ~.

    '1 :::: 61 :::: b:W li1

    b~

    e.J~ 1'W cyacaan' V to share.

    'l161::::~f'W c~alawan'
    chaotically.
    '11 'J .

    sV in a disorderly manner,

    See entries below.


    ca.dc~an'

    'llil ~ 1'W

    1. to be sarcastic, sharp-

    See

    b '11

    0).

    In many instances b '11

    is pro-

    tongued, outspoken, bold (in speech).


    ~ 'W ~
    9

    nounced spelled
    ~ 1
    0

    c~aw'

    and is therefore sometimes

    l'W

    cOnc~an'

    V 1. to be meddlesome. 2.

    '1 1 'J

    to be obstructive.
    '11:W 0J caam' V to sneeze. 'l1:W lfl caam' V to strike with all one's force,

    cam' V 1. to confine, contain, retain. 2. to remember; to memorize. AA 3. have to, be compelled to.

    n 1 ~--

    remembering.

    Fl 1 1 :W--

    esp. with a heavy weapon, ax. "" .... .,. .... "11m :1 in lil'W "11 :w "I :1 ( lil'W) tl:lncaam'curii' (t6n')
    9 '

    memory. -Cf. 1. '11'Wo1.


    S](ilSJO'l codcam'

    to retain, fix in one's mind.

    N 1. the East Indian walnut {Albizzia lebbeck).

    '1 eJ ~ 'lo1 c::>::>ncam' V to imprison (with fetters). '1


    0

    2. the rain tree (Enterolobium saman). -Syn.

    'l~'W b 'l

    ,t "l

    cam'kh?ncajl to learn by heart.

    'lo'lFl n camkhug' V to jail, imprison. 9 ..., 'l1tl di.ajl V 1. to spend, pay, disburse.

    2. to
    'l 10

    'lo'l'l::::lile.J~

    cam'cat~n' AA will have to, {it) will

    distribute (e.g. electrical power).


    ~'W1f:J.

    -ct.

    be necessary to.
    '111 '1 camcajl AA force (oneself to do some-

    sl'U ~ 1 fJ,-- 1oU61 elf:J

    cabcaajl, cabcaajlcMjs::'>::>jl

    thing), be forced (to do something against one's will).

    V elab. colloq. to spend, expend.


    'l1tl b ~'W caajn8n' 1. to pay. 2. to spend money. ' 'l1f:Jiil6111i1 caajtalaad' v to do one's daily shop-

    ~'11;

    camdaajl V to remember, recognize,


    "'-',t

    be able to recall. o 'lo111i1'1J'W1'1 camdaajlkh9ncajl 1. to learn by

    ping, buy the groceries.

    1J~1f:J chajcaajl V to spend, expend. o A11'U~ 1 fJ kh~a'chajcaajl N expenses,

    expend-

    heaf(:. 2. to remember vividly . ..., 6l'11il e.J ~ cam't~n:::: AA have to, be needed to,

    118

    s(1Vl'W 1 tJ

    be compelled to.
    l>(1bV'W campenl V tobenecessary. fl'J1l-J-'l'1'W'W

    tion, determination. camnon' V to be defeated. [conv. f.


    "l'W ~]

    necessity (e.g. force of circumstances), necessitation. --+0 is t. fl 'J 1l-J-f. 'IHH - - below.

    tJ e:Jl-J"l'1'W'W

    joom'camnon' V to surrender, give in,

    admit defeat.
    "l'1'W 'J'W

    o 'IJ eJ ~ Sl'1 bV'W ( ~ ~ , eJ ~ 1 ~ ) kho::>:ncampen' (sl:n'.


    jaan') N necessities. o Sl'1 bU'W;e:J

    camnuan' C quantity, number, amount . ..., "l'1'W'J'Wae:JtJ&J::;( .. ) (1) camnuan'-r5ojlla?l; (2) camnuan'-r5ojlla:::: ...
    N 1. percentage. 2.

    ~ campen't~:n::::

    AA be forced to, com-

    pelled to; must, have to; it is necessary to.


    Sl'1l; (1, 2) cam'wajl; (3) cam'wajl V 1. to

    (so and so much) percent.

    o Sl'1'W 'J

    'W;eJ U &l::; 1i'U

    camnuanl- r5ojllaslb' ten

    confine, lock up, put away. 2. to fix in one's mind. 3. Remember that!
    'YlH"l'1 soncam' V eleg. to remember, have

    percent.

    b~'W"l'1'W'J'W pencamnuan' in the amount (of), in


    amount.
    tJ eJ [i] "l'1'W 'J 'W j~od'camnuan' N the total number;

    memory of, esp. in ories.


    '

    fl'J 1:W-- a memory, mem-

    the total.
    'l'1'W eJ l

    'Yle:J ~ Sl'1 th~:ncam' V to memorize, learn by rote. 'Yll "l 1'Yll 'lJ a 'U tM:ncam'tM:nprab' both fine and
    !:>
    0

    camnoon' V to mortgage.

    n 1 a--

    mortgage.

    !:>

    ..,

    imprisonment: "both to imprison and to fine."


    iJ[i]"l'1 ("l'1'W'l'W)

    ~-mortgagor . ..., f.J;'U"l,1'We:J~ (fl'W) phfiurab'camnoon' (khon')


    'U

    madcam'(camnuan')

    N de-

    mortgagee.
    SI'1'W'1 camnam' V 1. to pawn.
    ...,

    posit (given as security, as down payment).


    b! eJ'W"l'1 ( bb'Vll) ryancam' (hen') N jail, prison. ..., Sl'1 dim' V slang 1. to hurry. sV 2. hurriedly,
    '

    2. to mortgage.

    [conv.f. Sl'1] ...,


    ( b 'l1, fl'W,

    b 'l1 Sl'1'W'1

    a 1 tJ)

    c~wcamnam'

    N 1.

    repeatedly, in rapid succession .


    ...,

    establishment which one regularly patronizes or sells to


    (c~w').

    o b ~'W';(1 d<3<3n'c~m' to walk hurriedly.


    'l'1n[i] camka.d' V 1. to limit, define; to be limited,

    2. steady customer (an

    individual) (khon', raajl).

    ...,

    defined. 2. Ltd .
    ..,

    '1Je:J"l'1n[i]

    ..., ('IJeJ) kh~ocamkad'(kh~o')

    !iT'd "l'1'W'1 ( fl'W) tuacamnam' (khon') N hostage.


    N restric-

    'b ~ Sl'1'W'1, 1H
    ,;(1bb'Wn

    ;'U'l,1'W'1

    ( 1H)

    roon'camnam',
    N pawnshop.

    tion, limitation.
    Sl'1rl[i]fl'J 1l-J camkad'khwaam' V to define (the

    roo:nrab'camnaml (roo:n')

    camnteg' V eleg. 1. to divide, separate.

    sense), give a definition.

    2. to be divided, separated. [conv. f. bb'l n

    o Fi'1"l'1rl[i]fl'J1l-J

    ' (1Ja::::n1a,e:JEJ1l) kham'-cam::::

    --Syn. bbt:Jn com.


    Sl'1'W 'J n camphQag' C group, type, species (as of

    kad'khwaam' (prakaan', jaan') N the definition (of a word).


    "1'1 b "l camcee' V 1. to be repetitious, tiresome,

    animals, plants).

    --ct.

    'W d n .

    Sl'1b'W1::; camph5?1 V to be special, particular,

    monotonous. sV 2. repeatedly, repetitiously.


    'l'1 ~ b "l
    ~

    specific. -+Cf. b 9/,'W 1::;


    ' Sl'1l.J'1 c~mm~m'

    camcam'ceecee' sV repeatedly.

    ...,

    rM intens. used with

    eJ 'J'W "fat."

    'l'1 b ~l-J camd<3<3m' from the beginning, originally.

    Sl'1 b ~61! camr<3<3n' V to progress, develop, grow,

    --+Cf. b ~l.J.

    thrive, prosper. [ conv. f.


    Sl'161 eJ l

    b 'l

    ~61!]

    'l'1b~l-Jbblil camd<3<3m'-tE:e:::: since, since the time


    (of). o "l'1 b ~l-Jbblil birth.
    'l'1'Wl camnon' V to desire, wish. fl'J1l-J-- desire,
    '

    cambo:n' V to imitate, copy, reproduce,

    model.

    lfl [i]l.J 1

    camd<3<3m1-tek8<3d'maa' since ture, scale model.


    Sl'1b61EJ (fl'W,f.J1EJ) caml<3<3jl (khon', faajl)
    '

    N 1.

    wish, intention.
    b Sl lil Sl'TIH ceed'camno:n' N aim, purpose, inten-

    defendant. 2. the accused.


    Sl'1Vl'W1EJ camnaajl V eleg. 1. to sell, be sold.

    119
    2. to distribute. [conv. f. com.
    .Yh.i'W( . )~"1Vl'W1tJ phim'( ... )camnaajl V to
    ~

    lt.J] --Syn. 1. 'IJ ltJ

    artist, painter.

    ~lilsnss~ cldtrakam',cldtakam' N eleg. 1.


    '

    "'

    (the act, the art of) painting, drawing. 2. a painting, a drawing.


    ~ 'W li1- cin'ta=:. Combining form referring to "think-

    publish (for sale).


    0

    ~--

    publisher.

    ~ 1Vl61'n camlag' V to carve (wood, stone), chase


    (metal).
    ~"1Wlli1

    --cf.

    QG1n, 6161'n.

    ing, meditation."
    N a comical

    (FlU::;) cam?uad' (khamf?l)

    ~'W 1i1 n 1

    ( Fl'W)

    cin'takawiil (khon') N poet.

    show, a farce.

    ~'Wiil'W 1 n 1 ~ cin'tanaa'kaan' N 1. thinking, meditaN comical


    ~'U
    ~

    fil1~ 1811i1 (fil1) tuacam?uad' (tua')


    actor, buffoon.
    ~n
    0l

    tion. V 2. to think, meditate. clbl V to sip, take a little bit at a time.

    clg' V 1. to peck (of a bird). 2. to nose-dive. 3. slang to snatch, swipe.

    ~LJ 1 bl::; clpaaltha?l sundry, of all kinds.


    o '/JeJ~~"Jlbl::;

    kh3:J:g'clpaa'tha?l sundries, things

    ~n
    .._,

    lfl .

    See

    ~ n~ n .

    ~ ~ ~ n ( fil1 ) c t:gcog' (tua') N house lizard.


    .._,

    '

    of all kinds.
    '1 ~ ctm' V 1. to dip into.
    ~

    "'

    2. to spear (for the

    ~ ~ ~ eJ n ci::gc:,:Jg'. See entries below.

    purpose of picking up, as with a fork, a toothpick). --Cf. o


    ~~.
    '-'9 '-' "-'

    "' 61~'/J~~~eJn (fil1) sum1g'ct:gc:,:Jgl(tua') N eleg. 9


    V!J..I'l~neJn
    fox . ...,
    (fil1)

    b eJ 1 n !;11 tJ ~~'W"11i11 ~ ?awklOajl -ctm'namtaan' ~

    maact:gc:,:Jg' (tua')

    N com.
    ...,

    Dip the banana into the sugar: "Take the banana' (and) dip into sugar."

    fox, jackal.

    ~ ~ 1;
    ~lil

    (fi11)

    ci:gc6o' (tua')

    N kangaroo.

    ~~i'W ctmfan' to pick the teeth.


    o

    "' ~~V!S(il (fil1) ci::grlid' (tua') N cricket.


    (~Iii) cldl, cldta=:, cld=:
    spirit. -+Also spelled N mind, heart, soul,

    1~ff:wi'W

    ( el'W)

    majctmfan' (?an')

    N toothpick.

    'W 1~~ namctm' N 1. sauce, dip (i.e. a sauce or

    "'0 "'

    ~Iilii!.

    -+Syn. See 1~.

    ~lill~ cldcajl N mind; mind and spirit, heart

    ..., ...,

    preparation into which food is dipped) .

    ~~~~ ctmlfm' V to be lovely, attractive.

    and soul; feeling, sentiment. o

    .:
    ~

    1 dw' V to be tiny.
    ~'W~

    ;1tJ~Iill~~'W'U1'W

    dOajcldcajl-ch?Jrn'baanl with

    .:

    1 rOnciw' in the class of small things, of

    cheery heart, feelings of gladness. "' ~ li1 bl'Wrltl ( 'W 1 tJ, Fl'W) cldtaphed' (naajl, khon') N tech. psychiatrist.

    the tiny variety, midget.

    "' .: 1 l !;In~
    d ~

    legciw' to be extremely tiny.

    ~. ciil the English letter "G." [f. Eng.] -+Also ~.


    in
    'U

    ~lilhtJ 1 cldtawfdthajaa' N psychology.


    li11 ~ 'lli1 f11
    ~

    "-'v G.<~ d ~~n~n~

    ruucag'magclil v elab.colloq.

    ( li1 1 ~) dua:gcld' (dua:g')

    N mind, soul.
    ~

    to be acquainted (with), know personally.


    :!/
    0l

    ~'IIi!
    ~

    thaa:gc ld' mental; mentally.

    ctil V 1. to poke, tickle. 2. to point at. 3. to point out, emphasize (by repeatedly pointing out). 4. to prod, exhort. 5. s 1 a ng to hold up (rob).
    J'

    :Wiil a 'lli1 mfdtracld' N friendliness.

    bJ..IIi1[ill~li1 m~edtaacld' N kindheartedness.


    1:wli1 S~[il majtriicld' N spirit of friendship.

    1S F1 ~ li1

    ( cJij (i1

    r6ogcl dl (chanf dl)

    N mental

    ~n ~

    thuugctil to get held up, be the victim of

    disease.
    618l~li1618~l~ s:'.b:gcld's3:J:gcajl elab. colloq.

    a holdup.
    ff1'11 ctilchajl V slang to prod (figuratively),

    to be of two minds (about something), be undecided; to hesitate.


    ~

    keep insisting.
    :!/ ..., ~ b 61'W

    ctilsen' V slang to make someone laugh;


    ...,

    ~Hllil

    . See

    ~ li1 .

    to provoke laughter.

    ~[il :l- cldtra=:, cldta=:. Combining form referring


    to "painting, drawing."

    ~(LV!) 'U r~n b61'W ctii-Mjthuug'sen'. ctil-thuug'sen'


    fig., co 11 o q. to hit the right spot, touch the right chord (for successfully evoking a desired

    J'

    "'

    ~li1Sn~

    ( Fl'W) cldtrab:Jn', cldtak:J:Jn' N eleg.

    120 response).
    ~

    ..
    'l

    'l

    cyuca:::::
    'lJ
    I

    AA e 1 e g. so that, in order to. colloq.


    "-'

    .;\-'

    'Wn 'l

    ( Fl'W)

    nagcti' (khon')

    N s 1 a ng a hold up

    -Syn. ~~'l~
    c!i

    man. 'U 1 'l Macti' V to be extremely ticklish .


    .;j'
    ~

    o Flll!lil eJ ~ eJ 1'W'l ~ 'l ~ s khunt~u?aan'- cy.ucan1u' ~


    ' 'U

    "

    .;j'

    You have to read it, so you will know.

    ~
    ~

    lD ( eJ'W) ctil (?an') eli I


    "'

    N pendant of a necklace.
    I

    ~ lil c)ryd' V 1. to be fresh (of water). 2. to be unseasoned, insipid, flat in taste.


    Fl'W--

    rM

    intensifier used with fl 'd 'W


    tf

    "urgent,"

    idiom.

    :1 eJ'W "hot (in temperature),

    bf.J fl "hot (in


    .;j'

    a passive, unimposing, unassuming person .


    bbn ~ ~ fl keeuc)ryd' N mildly seasoned soup.

    ., ~ 171 ciid' rM intensifier used with

    taste)," b ~ 'd

    "fast," 'd

    .,:

    "run."
    btJ HJ 'd

    "sour."

    "' 'l flli11 c)ryd'taa' V to be colorless, dull, dulllooking, drab, uninteresting.

    ~'W clinl N el eg. China, the Chinese. -+Syn.


    b ~ n com.

    ~flltJ (1) c)ryd'paj'; (2) c)ryd'paj~ V 1. to fade


    away. 2. (it's) too insipid!

    'V'W:W~'W ( ~'U, oJ'd) khanOmciin' (cab', htia') N


    Thai vermicelli, which comes in bunches.

    1 'l ~ fl

    cajc)ryd' V to be unsympathetic, unrespon-

    Fl'W~'W (Fl'W) khonciin'(khon') N eleg. a


    Chinese.

    sive, unthoughtful.

    ~'W~ li1 dinc)ryd' N depleted soil.


    ~ ~
    .... c;;

    ~'WAU!~'I11A ciin'-khami?lcMad' N Chinese


    Nationalist.
    ~

    'W1'l171 namc)ryd' N freshwater.

    -+Opp. 'W'1bFl:W.

    cu?l V 1. to have (such and such) a capacity,


    hold (such and such an amount). 2. to be ample. sV 3. amply, in large amounts. ity. o fl'W'l -Cf. kincu?t to eat heartily. Fl'W-a hearty Fl'd 1J.J-capac-

    ~'WFleJ:WihwGilil ciin'khommiwnfs', -nfd' N 1.


    Communist China. 2. Chinese Communist(s).

    o'

    ~'WL6171 ~ ciindeeu' N 1. Red China. 2. the


    Chinese Red(s), the Red Chinese.
    '111 'd ~'W

    ( Fl'W) chaawciin' (khon')


    .. ""

    N a Chinese,
    ' .,

    eater, big eater.


    'll'l
    o'

    '

    the Chinese.
    bfl n b Gl n 6 fl n'l 'W ( A'W ) degceg' ctegciin' (khon') 'l,,

    cu?lcaj' tobesatisfy~ng. -syn.

    i;j:J..JlGl.

    N e 1 a b. co 11 o q. Chinese children.
    tJ :1 ~ b'YIA ~'W ( tJ:; ~ b'YIA) pratMedciin' (pratMed')

    '

    tJ,

    'l tJ c(t?l. Variant spellings for an exclama-

    tion normally pronounced as a click, though a spelling pronunciation is often used when reading

    '

    N eleg. China. -+Syn. L~el~~'W

    com. N

    Jll"eJ-1 ~'W ( Jl1"ef1) phaas1!.aciin' (phaasAa') Chinese (the language).

    ..,
    'l

    from a text .

    '

    "1 cu?c(t?l "tut, tut! ", "tch, tch!" (the suction


    click). Frequently used as a mild rebuke, especially to enjoin silence; also used to indicate that one is moved, affected.

    "' eJ ~ 'l "' 'W b:w

    "' eJ ~ , UVi~ ) myauciin' N c o m. 1. ( L:w


    -Syn. 1.

    China (myau'). 2. Chinatown (as a part of anothercity)(heu'). eleg.

    tJ:i~b'YIA~'W
    'l n 9

    ~ tJ 1

    '

    cu?paagl

    to tut, go "tch, tch!"

    ( el'W, 'l n) 9

    cugl (?ant, cug') N 1. stopper (of

    "' 'l'U clib' N 1. pleat. V 2. to pleat, gather in folds.


    3. s 1 a ng to try to gain the favor of, to woo.

    bottle). 2. topknot; short for oJd 'l n (see below). 3. colicky pain. V 4. to stop up, shut. 5. to suffer from colic.
    "ln'V1fl

    '

    "' U bniillil "' clib'kled' V sew. to make darts. Gl'


    ~i'1 ciirau' V eleg. to last long, endure.
    ~ 'd S ( ~'W) ciiwoonl (phyY-n') N the robe of a

    '
    '

    ('ln)

    bottle).

    '

    cugkhuad'(cug')

    N stopper(for

    .
    Gl

    Buddhist priest.
    ~ cyt~'

    'l n l~; eJ n

    ( "l n)
    9

    cug'majk6g' (cug')

    N cork

    AA eleg. so, then, as a consequence.

    -+Syn.
    ~

    ..

    {for bottle) .
    oJ'd "l n

    ~~colloq.
    e!J
    Q

    eJ1n1Aiilb'V1Gl~eJtJ1nb171'Wb61'W

    ?aakaad'dii'-

    2. certain things or parts resembling a topknot in form or in location, e.g. the tip of an onion bulb, the knob on a jar cover.

    '

    ( el'W, "l n)

    '

    hl:iacug' (?an/, cug')

    N 1. topknot.

    khawcyt~jaag'd;:J;:Jnl@n'~ The weather's nice,

    so he wants to go for a walk.

    121
    ~n~n cugclg/ v 1. to be petty, trifling. 2. to
    9

    ~'U
    'U

    Gl:W'W111 cumphfd" V lit., eleg. to kiss.


    9

    -+Syn. Gl' U 'U

    annoy, bother (pettily, as children do).


    'l.lH 'l
    --~
    9

    com.
    ~ lJ.
    9

    n~n
    ~

    ( ~ ~,

    1~ 'H)

    kM::ru"cugclg" (slu".

    See

    ~ .

    jaau")
    '~~

    N knickknacks, little things.

    5l [;1- Bound form meaning "small, little." Also used

    "I Gl ~ n Gl n c1lucti/cugclg" V to be fussy, unreason9

    to translate "micro-."
    "l G1 V~
    9

    ably particular.
    b.J1.ff'l
    9

    ( rl'J )
    9

    cunlachtib" (tua") N microbe.

    n ~n sawsfi/cugclg" V to wheedle, coax


    ~

    [tr. f. Eur.]
    GJG1'l'lnA'W,"lmlA'W cunlathad". Seeentriesbelow.
    9
    .... ...... t1' .....

    repeatedly, keep harping on something, nag.


    d ~ ~

    1 ~ ~ n Gl

    n r9au"cugclg" N trivial matter, petty


    cud" (cud") N 1. spot, speck, dot, point.

    '

    o nG1 1'1 "ll:'l'YlA'W ( nr;1e:J ~) kl~u"cunlatMd" (kl~u") 9


    N microscope . .'l.l'W1(il'JG1'11A'W khanaad"cunlatMd" microscopic
    9

    matter, trifle.
    'l (il
    9

    @)

    Gl (il)
    9

    2. the decimal point, the point used to separate


    hours and minutes in expressions of time. 3. a point on a scale, in a continuum. V 4. to dot. -+Also 4.
    ~(il'l't.J
    9

    size; microscopic.
    GJ [;1 f1n s 1 V cun"lasagkaraad" N the Thai minor era,
    9

    1~"1(11.
    9

    ."1 t1 5'W 'Yl; lJ ( rl'J ) cun"la ?insii/ (tua")


    9

    beginning March 21, 638 A. D. -+Abbrev. "l. A. N micro-

    cudcob" N the end, the ending-point.


    .'
    9

    organism. [tr. f. Eur.]

    Gl (il b ~ 1 (il cuddyad" N boiling point. Gl(il'LJ S::; G1 Hl


    9

    "l~'W'l'l;lJ (rl'J) culin"sii"(tua") N microorganism.


    [tr. f. Eur.]
    'l 'W 1 in
    9

    .-

    (lJ S::; n 1 S, ill 1 ~) dtd"prase'>u" (pra:::::

    kaan", jaau")
    ~ (il

    N purpose, goal. N

    'J1'J"l'W1
    9

    '

    (rl'J) wa.wculaa"(tua") N star'


    ~

    Sd :W ( UvH , ~ (il) cudruam" (htu". cud") center, hub (figurative sense).


    'l/

    shaped kite {ralled the male). -+Cf. 'J1'JLJn bDl. in the next two entries. .1'W1"1 culaa". Short for 'l'W1t1~nsu:W'Vl11TIEJ1ill.
    9 9 9

    "'

    -+Cf. also hl'W1

    Gl

    (11[;1

    'U

    m.C1 cud"lfiugnaam" N colloq. the comma.


    .(U'Vl~)

    '

    'J(ilA'tWnG1ll
    9

    'U

    cud"suunklaau" (hE:u")

    N
    9

    Sometimes also written

    ~'W 1 .

    the center, center point.


    Sj(ili;1'1rl6\) cud"samkhan/ 1. important point. 2.
    9

    GJ 'W 1 t1 ~ n SU culaalouk:xm" pN 1. Chulalongkqn, pre-

    coronation name of King Rama V of the present Chakri dynasty. -+See

    strategic position.
    1(il'Vl:W1lJ
    ('l'l,bb'Vl"i,e.J'W,~(il)
    d
    ~

    ~n S.

    2. Short for

    cudm.1!.ajl (th1:i/,hf:u",
    9

    entry below.
    "I 'W 1 [;1

    ?an/, cud")
    b~'W 'l (il
    9

    N destination, goal, aim, end.

    "' ~ n srn:W'Vl1 ~'Ylll 16i"'ll culaalouko~n"maMawid:::::

    'l pencudcud" 1. to be dotted, full of dots.


    'U

    thajaalaj/ pN Chulalongkqn University.


    'l cuu" V to move suddenly (taking by surprise).
    0

    2. point by point (with b~'W as sec. vb.).


    'l (il 1-'J cud'
    9

    V to light, kindle, ignite,

    -+S y n.

    '1,

    'U

    b;11 LJ

    cuu"kha.wpajl to rush in, enter precipi-

    1111:W 1-'J.
    bJ
    9

    tately (taking by surprise).

    (il't.J'Jil s cud"burli"

    m9 (il'U'V! S 9

    to light a cigarette. N ciga-

    'l

    ( e:J'W) thticlid"burli/ (?an")

    'U

    '1 cuucuu/ sV suddenly, unexpectedly, all of


    a sudden.

    rette lighter.
    "I (ill 'W cudfajl to light a fire, set afire.
    9

    'l'L'l:W cuucoom" V to attack st:ddenly, by surprise.


    'U

    'l

    'i (ill 'Wl~ &\ (il cudfaj/m.1jtld"


    9

    'U

    ~
    <u

    cuuu"

    to lead (by the hand).

    1. to be nonignitable

    'l ~ 1 'l cuuucajl V to influence (the mind or think-

    (e.g. wet wood). 2. to be unable to light a fire.


    'l'W cun" V to support, prop up. Chiefly in fol. cpd.
    9 ....

    ing), induce, persuade.


    'l ~ l'l eJ cuuumyy"
    'U

    to lead by the hand.

    ....

    A'1Sl'W khamcun/ V to support, prop up.


    ....

    'lin "I~
    'U

    chagcuuu" V to urge, persuade, induce,

    'i'W'i 1'W dlnc.1an" V 1. to be meddlesome. 9

    2. to be
    .... "

    incite.

    obstr.Jctive.

    ~~.--~n~n cfiucti/, dlucti/cugclg" V tobefussy,


    unreasonably particular.
    ~:W.
    'l/

    l :w

    cum/

    to dip into, immerse (briefly) in (a

    liquid). -+Cf.,

    ~'U cuub" V com. to kiss. -+Syn. ~:w'W111 eleg.

    :il'U
    'II

    122
    neJA:il'U61'UFlfl"1 ko;:~d'cuub'-lOub/khlam' v
    'II 'II

    pounds. Bee cross reference. L~'U

    co 11 o q. to pet, to neck.
    l :il . cee' the English letter l :il n ( Fl'W)

    1;,- -1;~ 1 rJ
    v

    cebkh~j'. cebkh~Vd~jpuaj/ v

    "J." [f. Eng.]


    l

    e 1 a b. e 1 e g. to get sick, be sick. Fl11 :W- sickness.

    ceg'*(khon/)

    N com. a Chinese.
    ~'W eleg.

    l :il n

    . ~'W
    ../

    [f.Chin.] -Syn.

    ~'U1, cebcaj/
    hurt. Fl11 :W- or insult.

    to feel hurt, have one's feelings resentment, a sense of injury

    1'\'l ceg/t)rynfaV "a Chinese excited over

    a fire," a simile used to describe an easily excitable person .


    l An l :il n L l1l n :il 'W
    <:
    <; "'

    ..

    ~'UJ1,- -J11 :il


    hurt.

    cebcMm', cebcMm'namcaj/ V

    ( Fl'W)

    degceg'degciin' (khon')

    e 1 a b. co 11 o q. to feel hurt, have one's feelings

    N e 1 a b. co 11 o q. Chinese children .

    L:il ~ ceu'* V
    <:

    Hll :il n

    ..

    ( rl'W)

    r6dceg' (khan/)

    N rickshaw .
    l :il'Uii11
    "' v

    slang to lose. [f. Chin.]

    cebtua' to hurt oneself, get hurt.

    L:ill'\ ced' Nm seven.

    "' l:il'Ui.J1l11 cebpuad'


    t:;
    I I

    1. to be painful, to hurt.

    2.

    l~l'l~'U ced'slb' Nm seventy.

    to be in pain. fl11 :W-C::

    pain, painfulness.

    ~1 l ~A~ ~ L ~ A~'W

    chQa/cedthii- dii'cedhOn' good

    L :il 'ULJ 1 tJ,

    iJ 1 tJ

    L :il 'U

    cebpuaj/, puajceb' V to be sick,


    fl11:W-- sick-

    luck is intermingled with bad: "bad for seven times, good for seven times."

    ill.

    n1~--

    sickness, illness.
    ~--

    ness, illness.

    a patient.

    ~'U l ~ l1l slbced' Nm seventeen.


    L:il ~ tJ
    ( eJ ~ Fl)

    "' 'U baadceb' V 1. to get hurt, be injured, 'U 1l1\ L :il


    wounded. N 2. injury, wound.

    ceedii' (?ou')

    N pagoda, stupa, a

    memorial edifice with or without relics preserved inside. -+Also


    l :il ~-.

    LSflJltJ1;l~'U (eJ~1~,'l.ltJl11) r6ogphaj/kh~jceb'


    (jaau/, chanfd') sickness.
    61 :W l ~ 'U 16mceb' V to fall sick.
    ~ 1 tJ

    'W ~;:;--

    N e 1 a b. co 11 o q. disease,

    Bound form meaning "mind, thought."

    L:illil:il,1'W~ ceed'camnou' N eleg. aim, purpose,

    intention, determination.
    l :illil'W 1 ceed'tanaa' N e 1 e g. 1. intention, will,

    "' 'U hllajceb' V to recover, get well. l :il


    ceenracaa', ceeracaa'(ka:::) V eleg.

    L:ilS:il1(tl'U)

    purpose, design. V 2. to intend to, mean (to). o l 'lJ 11:w~ L :illil'W 1 'Yl :il;:; 'Yl,1 S 1 tJ Fl~ khawm~j miiceed'::: tanaa'-thticathamraaj'khun/ He doesn't mean to do you any harm.
    l :illil'W 1 S:W~ ceed'tanaarom' N e 1 e g. intention,
    "'
    ' d
    ~

    to discuss, talk over, confer (particularly in reference to business or technical matters), negotiate.
    l :il
    '

    '

    n 1 S-- talk, conference; negotiation.


    ceeracaa'waanl:S;:~m'

    s :il1~11'W61 eJ:W

    to talk

    someone into doing or accepting something in a roundabout way.

    purpose, design.
    L:il'W !9!
    (

    ~ eJ, tl'U, 1 'W) ceen'(to;:~:::,

    ka:::, naj:::)

    V to

    L :il SbV calddn' V 1. to progress, advance, develop,

    be used (to), experienced (in).


    l

    grow, thrive, prosper. 2. fig. to pursue, cultivate, promote (in certain expressions only).
    fl11 :W-- progress, advancement; civilization.
    -..

    :il'W~A, ~A l :il'W ( ~ eJ, tl'U, 1 'W)


    (6;:~:::,

    ceencad', cadceen':::

    ka:::, naj:::) V to be experienced, skillful,


    Fl11:W--

    well-versed (in).
    l :il'W
    1.;:]

    experience.

    Cf

    :il,1l~nl ~

    -+

    S y n. 1 .

    l~eJ~,SH~eJ~ com., '

    in

    VAl :il'W chadceen' V to be plain, clear,

    flill'W 1 e 1 eg. L :il ~bVn 11~'1.! 1 calddn'Mawn~a/ V to progress. l :il ~bV~ eJn ~ 1:W calddn'u~;:~guaam' V

    distinct, explicit.
    l :iltJd 1, l :il~Jd 1 ceeniiwaa', ceeniwaa', ceeni(i)w~a'

    to thrive,

    l,"'

    pN Geneva. [f. Eng.]


    'U ceb' v

    grow well (of plants).


    L:ilSbVIi11l:ilSbV1:il calddn'taa'-calddn'caj/ V elab.

    1. to be sick, hurt, be in pain. 2. to patient.


    fl11:W--

    hurt, be sore, painful. fl'W-pain. -sy n.

    co 11 o q. to be esthetically pleasing.
    l :il ~bV l ~'Ullil calddn'tadbtoo' V

    iJ 1l11.

    to grow, progress.

    "' 1'll l :il'U


    ~

    kh~Vceb' N sickness. Chiefly in com-

    fl11 :W-- the progress and growth.

    123
    or

    6"11

    6 'l SbU'l'l:l ::-:'l'l'Ylf:i:W'Wiil calddn'phraphud'thamon' V


    9

    sac e r. (a priest) to chant, recite sacred verses.


    b 'l S1:1J'l'l:l ::-: ~ 1'1.1l:wlil ~ ( rl'U)

    storekeeper, proprietor of a store. "" 6'11Ab16::-: (S'\J) ca.awkhana?l (rilub') N sacer.


    <U

    a Buddhist priest who is head of all priests in calddn'phrara.adchamaj:::: a certain defined area (e.g. in a thangwat).
    6 "! 1 ~b16 ca.wkhun' P 1. you, he, him ( sp. to or of a

    trii'(ka::::)

    V (a kingdom) to maintain diplo-

    matic relations, cultivate friendly relations (with).


    ~

    man in the conferred ranks of

    'W S ::-: t'J 1 and

    b "11'!'1 S :;-; lJ 1) 2. you, she, her (sp. to or of high-

    6 'l :lbU :l eJ lJ calddn' r:x>j I

    fig. to follow. The noun

    ranking ladies of the court). T 3. title placed before the first names of persons described in
    1 and 2.
    ""

    in this construction may be expanded by other nouns, e.g. b'lS1:1J~ellJ'l'l~::-:lJA61'U1'11 9 to follow in the king' s footsteps.
    b'l
    ~ ' ~1:11 :l ~
    9

    calddnl

    --See Ab16'VliD 1
    9

    for wife of 'W S ::-: t'J 1

    n;:,jl-phrajukhon'baad' V roy. (a commoner)

    6 "11 "! El:W ca.wc;:,;:,m' N 1. a lesser concubine of

    the king. 2. a rank for lesser concubines. T


    3. title placed in front of the first name of a

    "" 6 ~ eJ ~ calddn'rilnryan'

    V to prosper,

    be civilized.

    A 'd 1 :W-- prosperity and civiliza-

    tion.
    ~ ~

    6 'l

    ~6U1lJ

    calddn'wajl V to grow up.

    lesser concubine. -See Gi'W:W. "" ' b"l1'lel:W6'1ieJ ca.wc;:,;:,m's~d' colloq. Abigfool! "" "" 6 "11 "11'Wo1 ( b "11, A'W, S 1lJ) ca.wcamnam 1 N 1. an establishment which one regularly patronizes or sells to (ca.w'). 2. steady customer (an individual) (khon', raajl).
    6 "11 '1.1 1lJ

    b"IS1:1Jel1'Vf1~ carddnl?aah<lan' V eleg. 1. to

    have a great appetite. 2. (an appetizer, aperitif, etc.) to stimulate the appetite.
    6 'l eJ Cdd' V to meet, encounter.

    --Cf. b 'l eJ ::-: .

    ( eJ 1 A) diwchaajl (?on')

    N prince.

    b "! eJ dld' V to swell, be swollen (esp.lips or mouth).

    6 "11

    til'd

    ca.wtua' N the person in question. Often

    6"! eJ in 6'l'l eJ 6 'l eJ

    ph8dc~dl

    V to ramble, speak

    rendered by "he himself," "she herself," etc.


    6 "11'W 1lJ ( eJ 1 A, A'W, '111'W) dawnaajl N 1. royal

    without making much sense.


    b"! eJ c8d' V colloq. to intrude, butt in.

    personage, royalty, member of the royal family (?on'). 2. colloq. boss, chief (khon', tMn'). --Dis t. 'tJ'W'W 11 . 9 "" ' 6 "!1'U 1 'd ( A'W) ca.wba.aw' (khon') N bridegroom.
    "" ' 6 "11'\J 1

    b 'l eJ:; b 'll

    c8?1 V to meet, encounter. --Cf. 6 "'eJ.


    (

    eJ

    ~A

    , A'W) ca.aw', ca.w::::, ca.aw:::: N 1. prince,

    ruler, holy being (?on'). 2. slang guy, fellow, gal (khon'). C 3. elf. for a selling enterprise as identified with the occupation of its owner, as in Eng. "the baker (or the baker's)." T 4. title placed before the first name of a child, or of an inferior. "" ' n :l :W 6 "ll 'I'll krom'ca.wtha.a' Harbor Department.
    6 '11 n ~ :W ( A'W) ca.wkrom' (khon')

    ( eJ 1 A) ca.awpaa' (?on')

    N spirit guardian

    of a forest.
    6 "11'W'W n ~ 1'W

    ""

    ( A'W, 'W 1 t'J)

    dtwphanagnaan' (khon'.

    naajl)
    b "11'1'1 :l :;-; lJ 1

    N official, person in charge.


    ( '111'W, A'W) ca.wphrajaa' (tMn', khon')

    N 1. term for the highest rank of conferred nobility. --See


    ~'W'W

    N the head of

    11.

    T 2. title placed in

    a department.
    b"l1n~::-:TI~'d1

    front of the honorific name conferred with the N


    b "11 I'll]. for term of address. 9 "" o U:W'Wo1 6 "11'!'1 :l :;-; lJ l m~enaamca.wphrajaa' pN the
    ,..._,

    (A'W) ca.awkrasuan' (khon')

    rank.

    --See

    minister, head of a ministry.


    b"11 'tJ eJ 'i
    ( A'W) ca.wkh~'>Jn' (khon')

    N owner, pro-

    Chaophraya (Chao Phya) R., at whose mouth Bangkok is situated. NOTE. Generally called "Menam" (from the Thai word for "river") in books in English about Thailand.
    6 "11yj 1, Gi:W 6 ~ "!--

    prietor. o b"l1'tJEl1 bA:W ca.wkh3;:,n'dddm' the original owner. o b'll'tJEl1'U1'W (A'W) ca.wkh3;:,n'Man' (khon')
    'V

    ( eJ 'i A) ca.awfaa', cawfaal, s6m::::

    landlord, landlady, house-owner; host, hostess. o 6 '11 'tJ eJ 1 ~ 1'W ( A'W) ca.wkh3;:,n' raan' (khon 1 ) N

    ded'cawfaa' (?on')

    N prince of the highest rank,

    i.e. the son of the king born by the queen.

    124

    T 2. Prince--. -Cf. o b~1'W1VliY~

    " "

    . (eJHl)

    'WS~eJHlb~1.

    "1, me." -co mp.

    ~1]. l!!.

    c.1wfaajln 1 (?on')

    N 1.

    'W 'l n b ~ 1 phOagdlw' you people, you folks (superior

    princess of the highest rank, i.e. daughter of the king born by the queen. T 2. Princess --.
    b ~ 1Jl1'W ( Fl'W) cawpMab' {khon')

    speaking to group or crowd).


    b ~ 1- m.

    Bound stem meaning "characterized by,

    N host, host-

    ess.

    given to." Placed before verbs or nouns to form " ' verb derivatives. -Cf. ~- l!!, '1.11 ~ l!!.
    b ~ 1 n n :l-J cawkam'

    b~1!JeJ (Fl'W) cawmyy' {khon') N 1. the dealer


    {in card games), the banker (in gambling games). 2. the one who treats.
    b~1b!leJ~

    v 1. to be unlucky, unfortunate.

    sV 2. darned. E 3. Dam it all! (mild swear word) .


    ..... .cl" .....

    "

    .. (Fl'W,eJ~Fl)

    cawmyan' (khonl,?on')

    b ~ 1 n b ~ 1 n1 s cawkti'c.1wkaan'

    to be a busybody,

    ruler of a city or country (?on'. if royal).

    a meddler (used esp. of one who takes on a responsibility, obligation or function of his own accord, at the same time involving others in the obligation without their knowledge or consent). T 2.
    b ~ 1'1.1 cawchuul
    'll

    " b ~ 11:11 'J "


    b~1'VliY~

    ( Fl'W) cawsaaw' (khon')

    . (eJ~Fl)

    N bride. N 1. princess.

    c.1wjln' (?on')

    Used of foreign princesses, or of any Thai princess down to the level of Vl:l-Je.J:l-1 b ~ 1.

    to be flirtatious, be a flirt

    Princess --. Used with the names of foreign princesses.


    " ... d b ~ 1 Vl'W 111

    {of either sex); to be a "wolf" (of a man). Fl'W-a flirt. o 111 b ~ 1'1.1 tham'c.1wcht1u' to act like a flirt,
    'll

    ( Fl'W ''W 1 t.J) cawnaathti' (khonl, naajl)

    N official, officer, authorized person, staff member. o


    b~1Vl'W1rli11'1S'J~ c.1wn.1athti'tamruad' N
    ... d

    like a "wolf." " b ~ 1 b-tla dlwnya' V to be fat, plump, chubby (used

    police officer, constable; the police.


    ... ... d

    b~

    .. 1 b 61Vl
    '

    esp. of children).
    cawl~e'

    Fl'W--

    fatty, fatso.

    V to be crooked, dishonest,

    b ~ 1Vl'W 111 bm'l'tJ 161 cawn.1athti'th@edsaba.an 1

    tricky (of people).


    b ~ 1 eJ 1 S :l-Jl]. c.1w? aarom' V to be temperamental,

    N municipal officers, city officials.


    b ~ 1 Vl'W
    ~

    ( Fl'W) c.1wnti' {khon')

    N creditor.

    given to changes of mood.


    b ~ 1 .r:.

    b ~ 1 Vl61 eJ'W cawl:,nl p she, her. b ~ 1 eJ 1 'l1 1:1 ( eJ ~ Fl) c.1awt?aaw.1ad' (?on')

    See entries below. cawkh:l' Pt eleg. def. w. sp. particle q. v.

    b~1Fl~

    abbot of a Buddhist monastery.


    b11'W b ~ 1 ( eJ ~ Fl) tMebphacaaw' (?on')

    used in the ways described for Fl ~ , N a god, -Dist. 'I.Je.Ji\J


    b~1Fl~

    eleg. def. m. sp.

    a deity.
    'W s ~ b ~ 1 ( eJ ~ Fl) phracaaw', phracaw:::: (?on')

    "

    '

    cawkh.1' Pt eleg. def. w. sp. particle q. v.

    used in the ways described for Fl ~ , -Dist. 'I.Je.Ji\J


    b~ 1 &

    1. God (esp. of a monotheistic religion). 2. ruler, king, lord, god; used in certain compounds only. T 3. King--. 4. an element occurring in various royal and religious titles. -see cross reference.
    b~ 1 ~

    eleg. def. m. sp.

    in

    'I.J 1 'J b ~ 1 kh.1awcaaw'* N nonglutinous

    rice.
    c~?l

    -Opp.

    "' '1.111 b'Vl'Wt.I'J.

    V to puncture, bore, make a hole, punch

    a hole.
    b~ 1 ~ ~ ~

    c:,?con' V 1. to pick out, single out; 2. to be specific,

    roy. prince, a son of the king born by a lesser concubine. T 2. Prince - -. -Cf.
    V!JJeJ:J.H~1

    to specify, be specific about. precise.

    '

    ...

    b~

    1'\"J 1 .

    (eJ~Fl)

    m:,mc.1aw 1 (?on')

    N 1. a

    b ~ 1 ~ S c:,?truu' to make a hole (by puncturing,


    'll

    prince or princess in the grandchild generation of royal descent, or one who is treated as such. T 2. Prince--, Princess--. -Abbrev.
    :l-J.
    ~.
    '1.1

    boring, digging).
    'WeJ
    b'Vl:l-J1~'WeJ b~ 1~

    ph;);)m:,?lph;);)c:)?l

    V elab.

    colloq. to be just right, fit exactly.


    b'Vl:l-J1::;b~1~

    b ~ 1 l!! caw' P s p. to i nf. you. Paired with

    1 l!!

    m:,?tco?l

    V tofitperfectly,bejust

    125
    right.
    b~ ~
    Q

    b ~ eJ'W~ 1 ~

    cyancaau' V 1. to become tasteless,

    '

    d'dD' c8u' V to flood.

    insipid. 2. to become thin, diluted. 3. to vanish, fade, evaporate.


    b ~ eJ tJ

    b ~ fJI in b ~ fJI ~ 1
    Q

    c8ddc~a' V to be brilliant.
    J'

    b ~ :W

    Cddm'

    V to anoint, consecrate.

    c~ajl

    V 1. to be flowing, continuous (of sound,

    b ~ tJ fJI clad' V to use only a tiny portion of, to

    esp. the voice). sV 2. flowingly.


    b ~ eltJ b q ell!
    d

    spare a little (of).


    b ~ tJ fJI b 1611

    J'

    ~ajc~ajl

    on and on, continuously.

    clad'weelaal to take a bit of time

    Vi'd 1'W b ~ eltJ wAanc~ajl to be melodious, dulcet,

    J'

    off, spare a little time (for some purpose).

    mellifluous.
    bb"i
    0J

    "' f'J'W b~

    0J

    cian/ V to cut, trim.


    AA almost, nearly. Short for

    cer/ sV colloq. closely.


    See
    ~

    "' tJ'W 1m cian' b~


    ~'l'Wb~tJ'W,

    bb "1 1m bb"i

    eJ bb~

    "'

    cte' V to be stunted, stubby, stumpy.

    ~ 'd'W b ~tJ'W cuancian' AA almost, nearly.


    ~'l'W,

    -Syn.
    bb~

    1~bb;

    ( rl'd)

    kajcte' (tua')

    N bantam chicken.

    "' bnel'u,urru.

    ce' V 1. to be intense (of sunlight). rM 2.


    intensifier used with
    bb!JI ~ "red."

    "' b ~tJ'U
    "'
    ,'II

    0J

    ciab' i mit. chirp, cheep, peep (of chick).

    "' 61 n b ~ tJ'U

    (til1 )

    laugcfabl (tua/)

    N chick.
    ~

    lb~

    n d:eg' V to distribute, hand out, give out, pass


    out, issue.
    bb~

    b ~ tJ'U 1m ciabl

    rM intens. used with b tJ'W


    v'ld 1'W "sweet,"

    "cold," "new."

    -Comp. 'l'1Lb'Wn.

    GiiltJ

    "times,"

    1Vi~

    n q 1ll d:egcaajl

    to distribute.

    b ~tJ:W ciam' V to be humble, self-effacing.

    bb 'l n bb ~ ~ chgceeu I

    V to analyze, explain part by

    b ~tJ:Wn 1 tJ ciamkaajl V e leg. to be humble,

    part.
    bb'lnbb'd'W cf:egwtn' V slang to give (someone)

    modest, unassuming; to know one's place (and not go beyond it). Fl 1 1 :W-modesty.

    a black eye.
    bb'lnVi:W1n chgmaag' V slang to punch (some-

    b~tJ:Wl~ ciamcajl V to be humble, modest, selfeffacing, unassuming.


    b ~tJ:WACJ ciamtua' V to be humble, modest, unas-

    one) in the mouth.


    bb'ln. bb"i n'W

    See
    ( 1LJ)

    "ielnbb"in.

    suming. Fl11 :W- b ~ lJ

    modesty.

    ceekan' (bajl)

    N vase.

    ~::: l 'W ciaranajl V 1. to cut diamonds, jewels,


    crystal. 2. (diamonds, etc.) to be fashioned, cut.

    bb"i ~ ceeu' V to explain. Chiefly in compounds.


    ~

    "i!Jibb'l'l cadceeu' V 1. toarrange,prepare. AA

    2. make oneself ready to, prepare to (do some2. to fry in oil thing) (also followed by 'l:::) .
    bb'l nbb'l 'l chgceeu' V to analyze, explain part by

    b ~ lJ 1 ciaw' V 1. to render fat.

    (e.g. minced garlic, onions, eggs).

    1 ~ b ~ tJ 1
    a-'

    khajciaw' N omelet.
    Jf

    part.

    b "1 lJ 'l in

    b lil1 b "1 tJ 1

    t~wctaw'

    N bean paste, miso,

    ~bb~ 'l

    chficeeu' V to explain, make clear.

    a salty condiment made of soy beans. [f. Chin.].

    bb'l 'l cteu' V 1. to tell, inform, report, make known.

    "' b~ll::: cfa?l V slang to eat (something). [f. Chin.]


    Q

    2. to be clear, unobscured.

    -com p.

    'l::: bb'l 'l .

    -Syn.
    ""

    n'W com.

    n611 ~ bb 'l 'l klaaucteu' outdoors, in the open, in the


    open air.
    bb~'lF111:W

    mJ::: b~tJ:::. See under bb'l.J:::.


    b "' "1 eJ cya' V 1. to mix, mingle, dilute. 2. to be

    ( b~el'l ,!M:::'ULJ) c~eukhwaam' (~au',

    mixed, mingled.
    b ~ eJ "1 1 ~ cyacaau' V 1. to dilute.

    chahlb') 2. to be dilute,
    .....,

    N 1. advertisement; public notice.

    V 2. to report, inform, give information. 3. to advertise.


    <V
    Q...l ......

    diluted.
    b ~ eJ "1 1'W cyacaanl V to share. hVi::: b~ eJ looha?lcya' N alloy.
    d b~

    W- - informer.
    'II

    "'

    bb'l 'l'li!Ji, 'liAbb"i ~ cteucMdl, cMdcteu' V to be

    clear, distinct.
    L'l,'lbb;'l
    ~ ~ U'l ~

    Dll1'l-- clearly.

    el'W cyan' V to be embarrassed, discountenanced,

    '

    coouc~eu'
    ( ~ ~, bb'l'H)

    sV clearly, openly, flagrantly.


    thOuc~eu' (thOu', hen')

    (one's face) to fall.

    N open

    126

    field, meadow, clearing.


    'U

    word around.
    L'l (L")

    Hb~~bVt'W"~~ ruuc~eu"Mnciu" V elab.colloq.


    to perceive and understand clearly.
    6b~ ~

    cajl(cajl)

    N heart, mind, spirit(inthe

    figurative sense). Commonly used in combina"red," tion with verbs or with other nouns.

    bb" ~ cted" rM intensifier used with

    -s y n.

    6'lJ HI 'd "sour."

    ~171, ~~1"l com., :JJ1'W eleg. -+Often coupled


    with
    b1'1 8 or 8 n in semi repeated expressions 4'

    Lb" :lJ
    '

    cm" V to be clear, bright, unobscured. Chiefly in compounds.

    "

    or split expressions; see examples under b'W8, and 8 n.


    n ~ 8:JJ1 "l
    1::

    L6":JJU~ ~ cf:mc~eu"

    V to be clear (in meaning).

    6b'l,:JJ'lf~

    d:mchcid" V to be clear (in meaning).

    kl?:lmcajl V to lull, soothe, calm (the

    6b"':JJ161 d:mslljl V 1. to be clear, fine (of the

    heart, the feelings).


    niil'W1 'l n 61tJ 1 "l

    weather). 2. to be bright, cheerful (of expression).


    U" 'd

    kl~ncaj/ V to hold one's breath.

    klabcaV V 1. to change one's mind, to

    ( U~ 'd) ceew" (ceew")

    N 1. oar. V 2. to oar,

    turn over a new leaf, have a change of heart. 2. to be converted (to a religion).
    n;:JJL"l,n;:JJ8n-9 9

    row. 3. s 1 a ng to flee, take off.

    U" 'd
    +

    ctw"* V to be melodious, pleasing to the ear.


    +

    klOmcajl, klQm?og"klOmcaj/

    U'l'J cw"* V to be clear, bright (of eyes, voice).


    bb~

    V e 1 a b. co 11 o q. to worry, be downcast, depressed.


    no161 ~ 1 "l
    0

    'd 6bV!'d 'd cwww" V to be bright, shining, crys-

    tal clear (of eyes).

    kamlancajl N will power, will, spirit.

    'lf~u~'J

    cM.d"cw" V colloq. to be very clear.

    V!:Wiilno161'~16l mod"kamlaucajl to lose heart,


    be discouraged.

    1; . 1"~

    See in

    ~ ~ 1; .
    cooucteu" sV clearly, openly,

    1 6l~U;~

    fl'W16l

    kincaj/ V 1. to be wary (of). 2. to be deeply

    flagrant! y.
    1 "l '11 n"' ( Fl'W) cood" (khon")

    moving (as a story, movie). N prosecutor; plaintiff. N arithmetical problem.


    b n :l ~ L6l

    kreeucajl V to have consideration for;

    1"l m.t

    (;8)

    cood"

    (kh~b")

    to be reluctant to impose (upon).


    l n fll711l n ~ L6l

    NOTE.

    1 "l 'Ylt:J... sometimes occurs as a mis-

    klajltaa/- klajl cajl out of sight,

    spelling for 1'lnn"' immediately above.

    out of mind.
    '/J 'd t:J16l ; 8 ~ L6l

    1"l 'W

    coon" V to plunge, leap, jump. Shortened form of n~:::1"l'W.

    khuajcajl V to feel shame; to feel embar-

    rassed, mortified, shamed.

    Lsl ~ 1~'W 1 "l 'W'Yl::: EJ 1'\J


    adventurous.

    11'\odpMon" -coon"thajaan"

    kh~ucaj"

    V to be in doubt (about), dubious

    V e 1a b. co 11 o q. to be exciting, thrilling,

    (about), unclear in one's mind (about).


    '/J 8'UL6l

    kh?:l:Jbcajl com. 1. Thanks. Thank you!


    '/J8tl~bll

    1"l :lJ
    'll

    coom" V to move suddenly, rush forward. Chiefly in the following derivatives.

    V 2. to thank (someone). -Syn.

    eleg.

    ~Jill 'l khadcajl V 1. to annoy, get in the way.


    2. to be contrary, contradictory. 3. to be annoyed, irritated.
    '/J11il16l

    "l'1"l:JJ cuucoom" V to attack suddenly, by sur-

    prise.
    1 "l :JJ~ coomtiV V to attack, assault, raid. n 1l--

    khaadcajl V to die, expire. khl.mcajl V to be depressed, perturbed,

    attack, assault, raid.


    1~ l

    ~'W l6l
    9

    ( Fl'W) coon", coon:::, coonra::: (khon") bandit, robber. -+Dist. 'tJLJJt:J.

    N armed

    gloomy.
    6~6U16l

    kh~ncajl V to be destitute, impoverished.


    kh~wcaj /

    n 8 ~ 1 "ll

    ( n 8 ~)

    b:JtJCOon" (b:Ju")

    N 1. robber

    b '/J 11 "l

    "

    to understand.

    n 1l - -

    (act

    gang. 2. guerrilla band.


    1 "ll n ll :lJ coonrakam" N robbery, theft.

    of) understanding, comprehension. Fl 'd 1 :lJ-(state of) understanding, comprehension.


    "' ~ <]b "l U'tJ

    1"l:l6161'~ coonsalad" (khon") N pirate.

    khtucaj/ V to summon up one ' s courage,

    1"l ~ cood'

    1. to be rumored. 2. to spread the

    steel oneself (to do something).

    127
    An/l 'l khcymcajl V to be highly pleased and bursting with happiness.
    A'J'UJb'Wb'l
    &-'

    1 '1 ~ 18 caju~ajl 1 '1 '1 ~ ~ 1 '1 ~ r1 1 '1 ~'W 1 '1 Ao1

    V (a woman) to be cheap, easy

    to get, free with her affections. what is on one's mind, cajciul N (one's) true feelings, frank frankly, candidly.

    khwaam 1 najcajl

    in one's heart.
    A'Ub 'l kha.bcajl V to feel distressed, uneasy,

    thoughts. eJEJ1'l--

    cajc}ryd' V to be unsympathetic, unrespon-

    apprehensive.

    sive, unthoughtful. cajch"S'Ynl V 1. to be cheerful, carefree.

    A1 'l
    'll

    khOucajl (as n. mod.) faithful, trusted.


    ci '
    'lJ

    b'YHJ'WA1 'l ph9'anlkhOucajl trusted friend, bosom

    2. to be relieved. cajdaml V to be merciless, mean, selfish, blackguard.

    companion.

    bf~leH1'l khyaucajl N 1. anger. V 2. to be angry,


    provoked.
    bbA 61 ~ 1 'l khlE:eucaj I

    unsympathetic, unscrupulous. A'W--

    1'1 A
    V to feel suspicious, have

    cajdii' V to be good-natured, kindhearted. kindheartedness, good-naturedness.

    A 'J 1 J.J--

    doubts.
    '1 ~ 1 '1 coucaj I
    AA intend to, intentionally, deliber-

    1 'l b ~ r1 cajdedl V to be resolute, bold, determined. 1'l b A8 'J cajdiawl V to be faithful, constant (esp.
    in love).

    ately.
    '1'W1'l con 1 cajl V colloq. 1. to be unable to

    1'1 ~0 1
    ~

    cajtaml V to be base, vile.

    think of a way. 2. It can't be helped.


    '1 ~ ~ 1 '1 ciucaj I

    1'1 blil'W cajt~nl V 1. to be excited, to have one's

    V to be sincere, heartfelt.

    heart pounding. sV 2. (with} pounding heart.


    1 '1 bblil f1

    A'J 1 :W- - sincerity.

    cajteegl V 1. to be self-indulgent and

    ~'U1'l cabcajl v
    &-' '1

    to capture one's imagination;

    unrestrained, spoiled. 2. to develop a passion for (e.g. gambling).


    1 '1 '11 S 1 J.J caj saaml V to be base, vile, immoral.

    to captivate, impress.
    '11'/J'W b 'l camlkh9'ncajl to learn by heart. '111'l camcajl AA force (oneself to do smthg.),
    0

    ...

    1'l'WeJEJ cajn6;)jl V to be touchy, sensitive, easily

    be forced (to do smthg. against one's will).

    offended.
    1 'l'Ub\1 cajbunl V 1. to be generous, charitable.
    9

    ~lil1'l cldcajl N mind; mind and spirit, heart


    and soul; feeling, sentiment.
    '1 ~ 1 '1 cuuucaj I
    'll

    ---s y n.

    see

    1 '1

    2. to be pious.

    V to influence (the mind or think-

    1'1

    b'U 1

    cajbawl V to be easily influenced, easily

    ing), induce, persuade.


    b ~'Ub'l cebcajl

    swayed; to be credulous, gullible.


    1 '1lf1 cajp~ml V 1. to be generous, stouthearted,

    ...

    to feel hurt, have one's feelings

    hurt.
    ~

    willing to take a risk. 2. to be resolute, determined. ---Syn. 2.


    bArl bA81.
    '" d

    1 '1 f1611 cajkl~al V to be bold, brave, venture-

    some.
    1 '1 f1611 ~ cajklaaul N core,central part.

    1'l ~ eJ cajf~;)l
    cajkw~aul V to be generous, magnani1'1J.J1.

    V to be frightened, have one's heart

    1'1 f1 'J 1 ~
    mous.

    ...

    shrink with fear . See entries below. o 1 '1 J.J 1 ~'W b'iJ'W f1 eJ ~ cajl- maa'kh9'npenb::lUI to take heart, be heartened, recover (as from fright). o 1'1J.J11il~f1S~'U~
    9

    1'1bb~ ~ cajkhul V to be hard-hearted, unyielding.

    1'1 Ar1

    cajkh6dl V to be crooked, dishonest.


    &'

    cajl-maalt~ukrabuul idem.

    1 '1 A'J 1J.J cajkhwaaml N 1. the meaning, gist,

    1'l
    1 'l

    b ~'W

    cajjenl V to be calm, steady, cool- headed,

    essence. 2. subject matter.

    -s y n.

    b'W eJ A11 J.J.

    imperturbable. -Opp. 1 '1 ;eJ'W.


    ~

    1'1 AeJ

    cajkh::l::ll N disposition, mood; character

    s eJ'W

    cajr6::lnl V 1. to be hasty, impetuous. 2.

    (of people only). o i'J~rJ1'1AeJ nisajlcajkh;)::ll N disposition.


    1 '1 bbA'U cajkhtebl V to be narrow- minded,

    to be burning with impatience, anxious (e.g. to get something done). -Opp. 1'1 L~'W. L~ 'J cajrewl V to be hasty, impetuous, impulsive. A'J 1 J.J-hastiness, rashness.

    1 '1

    selfish, lacking in generosity.

    128
    1 !;J 6HW cajl:x>V V to be absent- minded, have
    Ill~ 1 'l t~ucaj/ V l.fio intend. AA 2. intend to.
    J3

    one's mind wander.


    ~

    Ill UJ1 !;J taamcaj/ V 1. to humor, please, yield to the wishes (of). 2. to do as one pleases.
    bleJ'W1!;J th~Jncaj/ V to sigh, heave a sigh.

    1!;J61tJ cajsan/ V to be frightened, have one's

    heart quiver with fear.


    1 !;J bii11:::; cajso?/ V 1. to be afraid to face some-

    ~~1!;J thYt!caj/ V colloq. 1. to gratify, satisfy;


    to hit the spot (for someone). sV 2. to the utmost, in the highest degree, extremely, satisfyingly, pleasingly.
    'U

    thing unpleasant, feel scared, be unnerved. to be unable to take it (as when teased or annoyed).

    2.

    1!;J b~tl cajs!a/ V to lose heart, be disheartened,

    bin 1 !;J thuugcaj/ V 1. to please; to be satisfactory,

    dismayed.
    1 !;J '1-Y~ ~ cajhOdhuu/ V to be downhearted, de<u

    pleasing, appealing; to be to one's liking, to one's taste. 2. to get along well (with), be compatible. -syn. 'l'leJ1!;J, 'lieJ'U1!;J.

    spondent, heartsick.
    1,'1-Yi'J cajwiw/ V to feel dizzy or faint, be giddy,

    1i't~ 1'l thancaV fast, fast enough, immediately.


    tleJn1!;J n~bgcaj/ V to be unfaithful (of husband or

    have a dizzy spell.

    1,'1-Y1tJ1,fl~1,1,'Vf1tJ cajMaj/cajkhw~m/,
    scared out of one's wits. o U11,'1-Y1tl

    cajMaj/

    wife); to be unfaithful to.

    V e 1a b. co 11 o q. to be stunned with fear, get

    ~eJ tJ 1 'l

    n:5Jjcaj/ V to feel slighted, feel inferior,

    feel neglected (by others). V to be shocking,


    tl11 !;J namcaj/ N 1. heart (for doing something),

    n~a/cajMaj/

    frightful, frightening.
    1!;J'I-Y1ti'J 1'\.J cajMaVw~ab/ V to be shocked,

    spirit, feelings. 2. good will, good feelings, thoughtfulness.


    bVtJ1'l(rl'U)

    stunned with fear.

    pencaj/(ka:::;) V toconnive(with), be

    1,~eltl

    caj?:J::m/ V tobeyielding, soft-hearted,

    easily influenced, easily touched.


    VeJ'U1, ch~Jbcaj/ V 1. to be pleased, happy,

    secretly accessory, be an accomplice (of) (e.g . ., "' in wrongdoing). -see also t b'1-Ytl--.
    ~A1!;J phld/caj/ V to have a falling out, to be

    amused. 2. to be satisfied, gratified. -s y n.

    sore (at).
    1J1!;J (1tJ)

    ~'W 1,

    'U

    bln1,,'1'1eJ1,.

    tajcaj/ (naj:::;) V to be interested (in},

    ch9yncaj/ V 1. to please, delight. 2. to

    absorbed (in), to pay close attention (to).


    '1'1 eJ 1 'l phJJcaV V to be satisfied. fl 'J 1 :W--

    be pleased, delighted. 3. to be pleasant, charming, refreshing. 4. co 11 o q. to kiss, hug (a loved one, in order to refresh, satisfy oneself). N 5. sweetheart (used by lovers, by parents to children). -see also 1-4,
    ~ 'J ~ 1 !;J

    satis-

    faction, contentment. o

    -s y n. 'If eJ 'U 1 'l , 'U bl n 1 'l

    1~'1'1 eJ 1 'l m~jphJJCaj/ to be dissatisfied, displeased.


    fl 'J 1 :W-- dissatisfaction, displeasure.

    ~'WeJn~'W1!;J.

    Jl:J.l1 'l ( 1tJ)


    'U

    phuumcaj/ (naj:::;) V 1. to be proud

    ( ~ 'J ~ , fl'W) duaucaj/ N 1. the heart

    (of). 2. to have a sense of accomplishment.


    ilLLnl'l miikeecaj/, miikacaj/ 1. to have the desire,

    (duau/). 2. sweetheart (khon/). 3. sweetheart, beloved (used as a term of endearment).


    ;'JtJ1!;J d1lajcaj/ with one's heart, sincerely.

    the will, the courage (to do something). 2. to


    be thoughtful, considerate of others. 3. to be

    171 ~ 1 !;J daucaV as one wishes, as one has in mind,

    kind enough, considerate enough to.


    iln::::1'l.

    -Also

    as desired.

    ~1 'l diicaj/ V to be happy, glad.


    ~eJn~

    i11 'l bV'W 6 n :W miicaj/pentham/ to have a sense of

    "'

    "'1 !;J

    dii?og/diicaV V elab. colloq. to be

    justice.
    b ~'WL 'l

    happy, glad. Ill n 1 !;J togcaV V com. to get frightened, scared, to take fright.
    n:::: 1!;j

    jencaj/ V to be unworried, calm, relaxed,


    ;eltll'l.

    composed. -Opp.
    ~ eltll !;J

    -Syn.
    V A

    III~::::'VftJn

    eleg., 111n-

    ""

    r:5JncaV V to be worried, anxious, per-

    colloq.,

    'tl'JQI'Utl idiom.

    turbed. -Opp.

    b~tJ1"l.

    129

    'II

    ;u~1~

    ruu'keecaj-' to know full well, to be fully

    Qn

    chog' V 1. to snatch, grab. 2. to strike (as a snake).

    aware.

    l;'] 1 -11 ~
    (in).

    wajwaancaj-' v to trust, have faith in.

    Qn ~ s ~

    chakan' V 1. to be strong, severe, grave,

    61 'W 1 ~ soncaj-' v to be interested (in), absorbed


    61B-1~l9161eH1~ s3::>ncl.d's3::>ncaj-' elab. colloq.
    to be of two minds (about something), be undecided; to hesitate.

    extreme. 2. to be fierce, cruel. 3. to be ablebodied, adult (of a man 18-30 yrs. old).

    "'
    charge.
    'li1tJQnsaGJ (fi'W)

    chaajchakan' (khon')

    N able-

    61 u-11 ~ s3::>ncaj-' v i d i 0 m. to be unfaithful, to


    have two loves.

    bodied, adult man (approx. 18-30 yrs. old).

    s 1 tJ Qn s ~ G]

    raaj-'chakan'

    1. to be strong, fierce,

    i'W1~

    stncaj-' V todie.

    cruel, bad. sV 2. extremely, very.

    l~tJ1~ siacaV V to be sorry, feel sorry, feel


    badly.

    1u Qn ~ ~ GJ

    wajchakan' N youth, young adulthood.

    Qn 1 GJ chakaad' V to be bold, brave, daring, fierce,

    'VIfil~1 ~ 'll

    hodhuucaj-' V to be downhearted, deQ -1

    ferocious.
    'W chau<'>n' V 1. to be puzzled, perplexed, confused.

    spondent, heartsick.

    vrwn1~ nagcaj-'

    to be depressed, heavy-hearted,

    2. to be uncertain, in doubt, skeptical.


    Q-1'W1"l

    anxious; to have a weight upon one's mind, a burden upon one's heart.

    chan<'>n'caj-' V to be puzzled, bewildered. bewilderment.

    Fl 1 1 J-J - -

    ~11"1

    (~11"1) hi:iacaj-' (hi:iacaj-') N the heart

    Q -1 'W Q -11 tJ chau<'>n1 chauaaj-' V to be puzzled, per-

    (organ of the body}.

    plexed.
    Q-11tJ. Q'W1'W

    1s Fl~1 1~ relog'huacaj-' N heart disease. 'V11 tJ 1 GJ haajcaj-' V to breathe.


    o o 61J-J'VI1tJ1~ lom'haajcaj-' N breath. l Vr'W 1 GJ Mncaj-' V 1. to sympathize (with), be sympathetic (toward). 2. to see someone's true nature or feelings.

    See

    Q-1'WQ11t.l above.

    (BtJ11,ll'VIi)

    chani:ian' N 1. insulator(jaau').

    2. a screened-off passageway or walk for ladies of the court (hu 1 ).


    Q'W 1 n in

    '\J ~ 1 Q'W 1 n

    rl1 )

    plaachanaag' (tua')

    sawfish (Pristis}.
    ~

    BU1-11~

    jaaucajl accordingtoone'swishes. ?;)::>ncaj-' (ka::::, naj::::} V to

    Q'U'U chabab' C elf. for an issue, edition (as of a

    8a'W1GJ ( rl'U, 1'W)

    newspaper), a copy (as of a book), letters (episties), documents, banknotes, lottery tickets.

    feel weary (of), discouraged (about).


    eJfil1GJ ?adcaj-' V 1. to hold one's breath.

    2. to

    -Also

    Q::::'\J'U

    FS. NOTE. As a elf. for bank-

    be depressed (in spirits). l 111 GJ ?awcaj I V to please, humor, try to please,

    notes and lottery tickets,


    lii'WQ'\J'U

    'l 'U

    may also be used. N original

    ( Q'\J'U) Wnchaoob' (chabab')

    be indulgent (toward).
    l811GJ1i ?aw'cajsaV to take an interest in, pay

    manuscript, source document.


    ll'U'UQ'\J'U ( el'W, BtJ 1-1) bteb'chabab' (?an', jaau')

    attention to.

    N pattern, example, model, style (esp. what is traditionally accepted as worthy of imitation).
    QJ-J 1 n

    lB1ll~1GJlii'W

    ?aw'-tecaj-'ton' to be self-centered,

    consider only one's own interests or wishes.

    ( el'W) chamuagl (?ani) N a three-pronged


    QBQ61.

    1 GJ

    caj I

    C skein.

    fish spear, trident.


    Q61. See

    9),618 -1 chal:S::>IJ'

    v
    Q

    to celebrate.

    n 1 s-- festival,

    celebration.
    ~

    o
    Q

    Q~ 8 -11 'W

    l n fil chal:S::>n'wanki':>dd' to celebrate a


    ~

    ch:5::>' HIGH consonant. Pronounced ch initially; not used as a final consonant.

    birthday.
    -11'W Q618
    -'1 (

    fl n)

    uaanchal:5::>1J' (khrau') N festival,

    130

    celebration.
    ~ Q~:J..IQsHH chal88m'chal3;J:U' V to commemo-

    QeJ lil,!;l ch;'\;Jch~n' QeJ Iii

    idem.

    1, QeJ Iii ch:,;Jdch:,;Jdl, ch:,;Jd' rM modifier used


    with 'Wiil "speak" in the sense of "incessantly,
    'IJ

    rate, celebrate.

    ll1

    ~--

    commemoration. 2. to -Comp.

    Q61ll chalag' V 1. to carve (wood, stone).

    fluently, volubly."
    QeJ ~ !;l1:.; ch3;Jl:5?/ V 1. to coo, talk fondly, amorously

    chase(metal).

    -Also

    'jo1'VIin,f;161n.

    ~ll.
    Q!;l1ll ( 1 'U,

    (used particularly of w. sp. to boy-friend or

    ~~~'W) chalaag' {bajl, phtn') N 1. label


    -Also
    f;1611ll.

    husband). 2. to speak cajolingly. o QeJ b!;l1:.; tl'W ch:SJ1:5?1kan to bill and coo (of a loving couple).
    QeJd..J cha?um'. 9
    Q:.;

    (esp. for drugs, medicines). 2. lot (as a ticket in a lottery).


    Q611ll n'WU'\J ~

    ( ~tJ'\.1, 1 '\J)

    chalaag'kinbe:u' {cha:::::

    See tleld..J. q

    '

    oobl, bajl) N lottery ticket.


    1Q611r1,

    cha?l V 1. co 11 o q. to hit, attack. 2. to strike {with a sword or knife). 3. to fight, quarrel (of people). 4. s 1 a ng to eat.

    ~Q~tJ1-- chalaad', challaw'chaHtad' V to

    be clever, bright, smart, intelligent, keen,

    sagacious. A 1 1 :l.l-sagacity.
    Q611 r1 L~~1~

    cleverness, intelligence,

    Q:oQ1'W cha?cM.an' V 1. to be clear, distinct {of

    speech). sV 2. clearly, distinctly. chalaad'- thm~jchaliaw'


    Q:.;

    -Cf. Q 1'W.

    ~ Q~ tJ 1

    ~ V~ ~ '11 :J 1 cha?ch88:usaw' pN Chachoengsao, a

    {she's) smart, but unsuspecting, not wise to the true situation.


    V1b\)Q611r1 chaanchalaad' V to be ingenious. Q611:l.l, '\.J611-( rl1)

    township E of Bangkok.
    1:: Q:o'W'W chanan'
    ' X::

    so, therefore; like that. -co mp.

    chal.<laml, plaachal.<laml (tual)

    ~'WS1:oQ:o'W'W

    bti'W'W'W. 1::

    phr:5chanan' Cj therefore. otherwise.


    I
    o<:;).

    N shark.
    Q~

    "' 1:: d..JQ:o'W'W michamin' Cj


    V I

    chalu?l V 1. to perforate, make an intricate pattern on a scroll by perforation and sawing. 2. to be perforated.

    o AD!lilel~L~'W1'j :J..JQ:o'W'WeJtJ1'Wr1 khunt:'l:unte'cajl' 'IJ

    l:!

    michanan' jaaph{)ud'l You must be certain; otherwise don't speak.


    .. "' 1::

    Q~

    chaluu' N (Year of the) Ox.

    -The complete

    o 'VI:J eJ:J..JQ:o'W'W ryy'mfchanan' or else.


    ~
    I

    list of the cyclical years is given under


    Q 1 tJ

    lJ.

    Q:o'W chanfi' like this, such as this.


    v

    -Comp. bti'W'W. in

    "l

    chuajl V to snatch, grab, seize (esp. sud-

    o lil1tJ'\.J~:.;n1~Q:.;tJ d{)ajprakaan'chanii' lit. this manner, for this reason.


    ~

    denly or with a quick motion).


    Q1 tJ L eJ ll1 A chuaj?ooHtad1 to seize the opportunity.
    ~

    o i.J1'WQ:o'W paanchanfil like this, to this extent, this much.


    Q:.;D'\J FS.

    ~-

    - , 'W ll-- opportunist.

    Q1'\JQ1tJ chaabchuajl sV cursory, cursorily;

    See QD'\J. See


    ~Q'W1:o.

    casual, casually; in a slapdash, slipshod manner.


    Q 1 tJ

    Q:.; ~'1'11:.; FS.


    9),:.;

    ( 'l1) chfiajl(w~a:::::)
    9

    Cj if, in case.

    eJ eJ'W cha?~n'* V to implore, wheedle, cajole.

    Q1tJ'l,1AD!1~f;1'\J1tJ chuajl-w~akhun'majsabaajl
    in case you get sick.

    Q:.;eJeJ'W l.!:l cha?~ni*V to be slender, slim (of the

    figure).
    Qlil :J

    b11 Q 1 tJ tMachUaV Cj if, if by chance.


    Q

    ( A'W)

    cha.dl, chad'tra::::: {khan')

    N tiered

    11il LQ 1mJ

    chawad'chawlan' V 1. to swoop or dart

    umbrella (emblem of royalty).


    Qlil ~ :l.l ~ Fl !;l chad'tramo:ukhon' N celebration of

    about (in the air), to fly rapidly and haphazardly about with turning, wheeling motions. 2. fig.
    ~

    Coronation Day.
    lil,'W "l

    to dash around (of a person or vehicle).

    cM.nl, chaw' P s p. to in t. or i nf. I, me.


    Often paired with Lfi eJ "you"; in narration paired

    " Q 'J

    chawH' N 1. skin. 2. complexion. -com p.

    QeJ ch:b' V to defraud, cheat, swindle.

    with Yl1'W "you."

    'tn~.

    ~Q'W dicMn', dichcin' P def. w. sp. I, me.


    ch:'\;Jkoo:u' idem. Equivalent to
    (:1

    ~eJLll~

    :l.l de f. m. s p. "I, me." Often

    paired with
    ~

    ~rn

    "you."
    ~

    public image.
    eJ eJ n ~ 1 n ?:J;:,gchaag' 1. to appear on the stage.

    ~'W

    I!J

    ch1ln' like, as. Often functions as a limited type of elf. followed hy

    1 A , 'W'W ,
    eJ tJ 1 ~ .

    etc. Some-

    2. fig. to appear on the scene, to resume one's activities {after an absence).

    times used together with o

    ltJl'th~:w~'WLA ~:wnrf1ltJ1~'WJu

    kMwtham::::

    linn

    l!l,

    1~-- ( el'W)

    cba.ag', majchaag' (?an') N

    ph(>mlch&ndajl- ph(>m'-k~thamkhaw'ch&nnan'* Whatever he does to me, I'll do to him likewise. o ~'WiJ!11 ~ ch&nmid' like friends, as friends, friendly.
    ~

    carpenter's or draftsman's square (L- or Tshaped).

    1;~1n
    ~:J.J~ 1 n

    d!ijchaag' V tech. tobeperpendicular,

    normal.

    ~'W I.T1

    ch&n' V com. sac e r. to eat {in general). -Syn. See


    Tl'W com.

    ( ~:J.J) mumchaag' (mum') N right angle;


    N 1. barn,

    (as n. mod.) right-angled.


    9l.1 ~ ( ~ 1 ~,'VIS~) chaa:g' (cMa:g', la:g')

    ~'W~~i'W cMn'ca:gMn' sacer. to eat {food),


    partake of a repast. -syn. Tl'Wtl 1 'J com.

    storehouse (for rice), storage bin, Thai silo. C 2. elf. for same .

    ..,
    !il'W'!1
    <9J (

    'U'!1) chan' {bOd')

    N a kind of Thai poem

    9l. 1 ~ cha.a:g'

    1. i mit. the sound of clanking of metal

    with definite metrical rules based on one of the forms of ancient Indian versification .
    ..,
    ~'W'!1

    objects, the clashing of cymbals. rM 2. intensifier used with

    Pl~

    "loud."

    ..,
    l!l.
    <9J

    See UJ n ~'W'!1

    under

    l iJ n

    9l.1 A chaad' 1. i mit. the sound of slapping, clapping,

    ..,
    ~'U

    cha.b' quickly, suddenly, instantly. Chiefly in compounds.

    of striking together. C 2. elf. for a slap. o 111'Uiil.1A tob'chaad' to slap hard. o 111'Uiil.1AW\H tob'chaad'ny:g to slap once.
    Q 1 AQ 1'\.l
    ~

    ~'U~Gi''W cbabphlan' instantly, promptly, at once,


    abruptly.
    LAtl--, l'W--,

    eJ~ 1 ~--

    idem.

    chaadch&an' sV distinctly, clearly, fluently

    ~'U

    ..,

    ~'U 11 cba.bwajl quickly, instantly; promptly.


    l!l

    (of speech) .
    Q 1'\.l

    chab' i mit. an abrupt sound, as the clash of cymbals; a loud clacking sound.

    ch&an' V 1. to scatter. rM 2. intensifier meaning "bright, radiant," used with LlA


    Ll61 ~
    ~

    "red,"

    ~1 , ~1

    "] chaa', cha.achaa' i mit. expression

    "light." -com p. Q:::: M 1'\.l.

    describing such sounds as the splashing of a waterfall, water, rain; the swooshing of a strong wind; the sizzling of frying food; the intoning of a chorus singing; etc.

    Lll11 n Q 1'\.l tE:egch&an' V 1. to scatter, disperse.

    2. to be scattered, dispersed, fragmented. sV 3. thoroughly, explicitly, in every detail.


    Q 1 'lJ
    <9J (

    eJ'W , A ) chaab'
    'IJ

    N large type of cymbal


    '

    L~'J~1
    ~ 1n
    <9J (

    cMocba.a' V colloq. to be widely talked

    approximately 6-12 inches in diameter (?an' for one; khO.u' for a pair). -see also ~ ~ .

    about (used of people).


    9l. 1 n) chaag' (chaag')

    N 1. curtain, scene,

    Q 1'U

    l!l

    chaab' V 1. to paint, coat, whitewash. 2.

    scenery. 2. act (of a show or play). 3. screen for dividing rooms, partition.
    ~1n1111

    to be coated.
    Q 1'U
    I.T1

    in Q 1'U Q 'J rJ chaabchuajl sV cursory, cur-

    chaagtaa' N anat. retina.

    sorily; casual, casually; in a slapdash, slipshod manner.


    e:Jtl1~--

    l 'iJA Q 1 n p~ddchaag' 1. to raise the curtain (on a scene). 2. fig. to open (a conversation), to begin, launch (a war or other activity).
    Q 1 tJ

    cursorily, casually, ina

    slapdash manner. ch&ajl V 1. to show, project (on a screen). 2. to shine (as the sun). 3. to reflect. 4. s 1 a ng to show off.
    0

    'VIS~ Q 1 n lauchaag' N 1. backstage, behind the


    scenes. 2. the inside story or acc_ount, the real picture, the real underlying facts. NOTE. When used of people, this usually implies a shameful, hidden way of life which belies the

    lm eJ 'W Q 1 tJ dyanch&a

    l i t. the moon is shining.

    Q 1 tJ

    l ~A, l ~A Q 1 tJ cMajch~dd', chaddcMajl V

    to be radiant, bright and gay (of persons); to be

    lil.1tJ

    132 attractive.

    oo
    bFlHH-d

    1; b'/J 1 fl'W 1 'lJ b8'tJ ~LJ

    Mjlkhawkin'pajsfa! chfb'l

    lil.1tJ'HiT1 chaajnau' to show a movie.

    (We) let him win too easily!

    motion picture projector.


    ~tJ Q 1 tJ

    o 'H1tJ1'lJ~LJbVtJ'l
    <;
    ~

    haajlpajchfb'chiawl, -!chfb'-

    chujchaajl V 1. to be ostentatious (in o

    (He) disappeared completely!


    b ~ 'l QLJ

    manner), foppish. sV 2. ostentatiously, gaily.


    1'!'19l.1tJ

    rew'chfbl damn(ed) quick, very quickly.

    (n~:::;LJeJn,lil'H) fajchaajl (krab~::>g',

    -Short for b ~ 'l ~LJ'l-1 1 tJ .


    fQLJ'l-1 1 tJ

    duau')
    Si.Jlil. 1 tJ
    'U

    N flashlight, searchlight, spotlight.

    chlbhaajl, chfbhaajl, ! chfbhaajl V 1. to

    ( Lb~'W,

    1LJ)

    rOubchaajl (phen', bajl)

    perish, be utterly ruined, destroyed. sV 2. m. s p. damned, darned (in the sense of very, extremely). E 3. m. s p. Damn! Darn! 2,3. ~LJ. -+Syn. 1. See -+Also

    photograph.
    Q1 tJ 1 ( Q1 tJ 1 , 1LJ , eJ ~ 11 ) chaajaa' N 1. shade,

    shadow, image, projection. 2. photographic portrait (bajl). 3. the Pali name of a priest (cMajaa', jaa:o'). 4. colloq. epithet.
    Q1

    'leJiil'l1tJ. NOTE.

    In mngs. 2 and 3 used by men sp. to men who are intimates; otherwise insulting. o ~LJ'l-1 1 tJ Lbfl 'lb S1 ruined! o ~QLJ'l-11 tJ good. dii'! chfbhaajl darned good, damn(ed) chfbhaajlltewraw'l We are

    'l. See entries below.

    Q1'JL~, L~lil.1'l
    notoriously.
    &-'

    chaawchoo', chOochaaw' sV

    widely and unfavorably (of being talked about),

    eJ eJ Q1 'l

    ?~chaawl

    V 1. to be talked of a lot, to be

    Q'l, Q'l "1 chiw', chlwchlw' V 1. to be angry, indig~

    spread far and wide. sV 2. a lot, widely, far and wide.


    Qo1 in Qo1bb9).:::;

    nant, peeved. rM 2. modifier used with "blow,"


    bbfi'W "saiL" 11
    '

    'l'llil

    "run," in the sense of

    chamchE;?I V 1. to be damp, wet, to


    d Q

    smoothly and swiftly, uninterruptedly. chli' 1 i mit. a sizzling sound. V 2. colloq. to urinate (esp. to or of a child). rM 3. intensifier used with
    d

    slushy (as rain-soaked earth). 2. slang


    be lethargic, inert.
    I

    Qo1 cham' V to be juicy, wet, damp, moist, humid. 'H'l1'Wlil.o1 waancham' V 1. to be sweet and juicy
    '

    eJ'W "hot (in temperature),"

    occasionally with b ~ lil


    '1-llil.
    'U

    "hot (in taste)."

    (as a pineapple). 2. colloq. to be honeyed (of a person's eyes, speech).


    Qo1Q1 in

    huuchlil colloq. extreme, extremely: "ear- sizzling."


    d

    1~lil.o1lil.1
    I

    majchamchaal N deal, wood of

    o Lb'l'l '~119l. pheeu'htiuchlil to be extremely expensive.


    Qn

    pine and other conifers.


    d
    <V

    Q'l

    ( e.l'W, Fl) chl:o' N small cup-shaped cymbal


    'U

    chlig' V 1. to tear, rip. 2. to get torn, ripped.


    Qn ( . ) eJeJn

    appr. 2. 5 inches in diameter (?an' for one; khOu' for a pair). -see also
    Q1LJ.

    chlig( ... )?o::>g' 1. to tear open,

    tear out. 2. to get torn open, torn out.


    (;1:JJfi1Qn
    9

    ~LJ (1) chlb', chfbl, ! chfbl; (2, 3) chfbl rM 1.

    (bfi:J-1)

    samud'chlig'(l~m')

    N scratch

    intensifier used with b ~ tJLJ , b 8' tJ , '1-1 1 tJ 1 'lJ examples). sV 2. darned, damned (in the

    (see

    pad, writing tablet (with leaves which can be torn out).


    Qlil chlid' V tb inject, inoculate. QliltJ 1 chlidjaa' V 1. to inject medicine, inoculate.

    sense of very, exceptionally). E 3. m. sp. Damn! Darn! NOTE. In mngs. 2 and 3 ~LJ is short for
    ~'U'l-1 1 tJ, and is generally avoided

    2. to get an injection, a shot.


    tJ 1 Qlil ( 'Hf.1 eJ lil, 'iJ'W 1'W) jaachlid' N medicine for

    by women and by men in the presence of women.


    0

    b 1tJ'UQ'U utab'chlb' very silent; very quietly.

    injection (l~::>d' for tubes; khanaan' for kinds, varieties).


    ~ chlJ.?I V to be fat, flabby.
    ~n

    o b8'tJQLJ sfachfbl, sfa!chfbl, sfachlb' too (e.g. easily). Here Q'U intensifies the completive sense of the sec. vb. b 8'tJ. lowing example. See the fol-

    chug' V to happen suddenly, precipitately, unexpected! y.

    lil.n
    9

    133

    Q
    9

    n l ~'W

    chugch~;:m/ V to be exigent, of an emer-

    expel. l Q~ 1::; chaph;)?/ V 1. to be specific, peculiar to. sV 2. particularly, especially, exclusively.

    gency nature, in a state of critical disorder. o Jl1 'J::; Qn


    9

    di'W

    phaawa?/chugch~;m/ N emer-

    gency, state of emergency. o


    '

    --..c 0
    l
    Q~

    p. "1'1 b~ 1::; .
    chaph;)? /kaan/ temporary.

    l Vil'IQn l ~'W heed/chugch~;m/ N emergency:


    9 9 9

    b lil,~ 1::; n 1 f1

    Q.nf1::;Vin chuglahug/ V to be in confusion, disor-

    1::; Vi'W 1 chaph;)? /n~a/ confronting, at hand,

    der (because of haste, unpreparedness).


    ~A

    immediate. o
    ~

    chud/ V to drag, pull, haul, abduct.


    QA n :l::; '(] 1 n chud/krach~ag/ V to drag, drag off
    9

    1'W l Q.~ 1::; Vi'W 1

    uaan/ -chaph:5? /n~a/ work or

    business at hand. l lil.~ 1::; eJ tJ 1 'l tJ


    '
    ~

    by force.
    ~'W

    chaph:5? /- jaauj tu/ in particular,


    LAt.J--

    chun/ V com. 1. to be angry, get angry, be angered, enraged, furious. 2. to be strong (of
    ~

    especially.
    LAt.J lQ~1::;

    idem.

    doojchaph:)?/ especially, particularly,

    odors), pungent (as the odor of strong tobacco). com.,


    ~'Wl'l ~A
    A

    in particular.
    rl'JlQ1n::; (rl1)

    ns'J

    roy.

    tuachaph:)?/(tua/)

    N math. 1.

    "1 chun/-tauld/tauld/ somewhat angered,

    prime number. 2. (as n. mod.) prime.


    l Qt.J, lQt.J

    a little angry.
    Q'W l
    9

    "1 cha<'lj/, cha<'ljcha<'lj/ V 1. to be impas-

    ~t.J 'J , l ~t.J 'J Q'W chunchiaw/, chlawchun/ V to 9

    sive, indifferent, unperturbed. 2. to be passive, quiet, still, calm. 3. to be indifferent to, ignore (followed by l1l eJ , O'U) . o 11"1 l Qt.J l ~ tJ thamcM<'lj/ sf a keep (something) quiet, say nothing more about (it). o l;(lQt.J "1

    be hot-tempered, quick-tempered, easily angered.


    Qt.J
    9

    cM.V V 1. to be wafted quickly in large quantity (of smoke and odor only). rM 2. intensifier usedesp.with Vie:J:W "fragrant,"

    l'Vi~'W

    "stink"

    h~j/ch~<'ljcM<'lj/

    togivewithout

    to express both rapidity of diffusion and strength of the odor.

    expecting to be repaid.
    l Qt.J l :Wt.J ch~<'ljm<'l<'lj/ V to be indifferent, passive. l

    n~'Wiil.t.J
    9

    kllnchuV to be odorous (penetrating and

    ~n
    "'-'

    l Qt.J ( l1l eJ, n'U)

    pM<'lgcM<'lj/(6:x::;, ka:::::) V to

    sudden, as the odor of strong fumes).


    Vie:J:W Qt.J h::'l:Jmchuj/
    9

    ignore, neglect, pay no attention (to).


    Vi'W 1 lQtJ l111 l Qt.J n~acM<'lj/taacM<'lj/

    1. to have a strong and pleas-

    e lab. colloq.

    ant lingering odor. 2. to be exceedingly pleasant, sweet (in odor).


    ~t.J

    with dead-pan expression, i.e. looking expressionless and as if nothing has happened. e:Jt.J 1 'l-idem.
    l Q~ t.J
    chal~<'lj/

    11

    in

    ~t.J

    Q 1 t.J

    chUjchaaj / N 1. a posture of the

    Thai classical dance. 2. type of music for the Thai classical dance. V 3. to be ostentatious, foppish (in manner). sV 4. ostentatiously, gaily. o l~'WQt.JQ1t.J d<'l<'ln/chujcha.aj/ colloq. to strut,
    9

    V to answer (a challenge or accusa-

    tion), give an answer, solve (a problem or puzzle).


    lQ~:W chal~<'lm/ V 1. to add to, increase, extend.

    2. to celebrate. 3. to be excellent.
    'l1'W lQ~:W uaanchal~<'lm/ N 1. celebration (of state

    walk ostentatiously (as a fop, a dandy).


    I

    or royal function). 2. the celebration of the king' s birthday.


    lQ~:W9H1El1 chal~<'lm/chal3:JU/ V to commemorate,

    Q chuu/
    'II

    rM intensifier used with


    'II

    Vi~'W "stink."

    QA in
    'II

    Ql91Q 1 l9l chuudchaad/ V to be vivid, loud,

    gaudy, flashy (of colors, of clothing).

    -..Ant.

    celebrate.
    or

    n 1 ~-- commemoration.
    chal~<'lm/ -phrachon/phansi1a/

    l Q~ :w~ :l::; 'IJ'W:W~ s s 'ef1

    l Q chee/ V to be aslant, not straight; to deviate, diverge, be out of line. l Q ~ cheu/* V colloq. to pay, settle up (an account).
    lQA cheed/ V colloq. to chase away, drive off,

    to celebrate the king' s birthday. o i'W l QR:W~ s ::;'IJ'W:W~ :l S'efl wanchal~<'lm/-phrachon/::::: phansi1a/ N anniversary of the king's birthday.
    i'W l QR:W
    or

    wanchal~<'lm/ N day of celebration; the

    l9HHI king's birthday (abbrev.for the last entry above). l9H'H.I challa' V 1. to average, distribute evenly. 2. to divide, share equally. 3. to be average, mean. -Syn. 1. o
    Fl11:W~ei'Wl9HH:J
    d
    d

    134
    incline, turn (toward). o -+Comp.

    ll~M

    bQ~tl~

    lfl.

    l Qt.J ~ 1 'lll11 ~ lil::; 1'W eJ eJ n chiau'-pajthaautawanl::;


    ?:,;:,gl

    (turning) a little to the east. d<'l<'lnchlan' 1. to walk diagonally.

    b A'W b Q!'.i ~

    D1

    colloq.

    2. to proceed out of the normal course or path. o lil::::1''Wiilll

    khwaamd:m'challa' theaver-

    lQti~l; tawan'tog'-chra:gt~ajl

    south-

    age temperature. Fl rll~M6l tJ khfdchalla' V to take the average; on the average.


    l iil6l tJ l 'l eJ 'l1'W challacyacaanl V to share, disJ
    C<
    A

    west, southwestern.
    b Qtl li1 chlad' V to pass too close, very close; to

    just miss, almost graze. o 6l!liJ'Wb~tlrl~'l lQugpyyn'chladhUal thebullet


    'IJ

    tribute evenly.
    d ~'l'WlliHW

    just missed (somebody's) head.


    b ~!'.ltl
    C9J.

    suanchalla' N eleg. 1. theaverage.

    See entries below. -co mp.

    l Qtitl lfl.

    2. share, portion.
    l iil~tl ~
    C9J (

    b~t.ltl"ll1li1 chlabkh~tadl V toberesolute(ofa

    l Q~tl ~)

    challan' (challan')

    N veranda,

    person), irrevocable (of an order), absolute.


    elt.l 1 ~-b ~tltlbl'Vl61:W

    porch.
    l iil~tl ~ lfl chalian' sV diagonal, diagonally, on the

    absolutely, strictly, decisively. chlablb:m' V to be keen, sharp,

    bias, cater-cornered. -co mp. l ~t.J ~ . o t.J1liil~tl~ pMachalian' (a piece of) cloth (cut) on the bias.
    l iil~tl 1,--1 'l chaliawl, challawcajl V to have a

    shrewd (of people).


    l ~t.Jtl lfl chlab'

    rM intensifier used with


    b,fft.ltl,

    "cold." -.Comp.
    b ~lid in
    9 9

    l~tltl

    @),

    b ~t.J 1 ~'W, ~'W b ~t.J 1 chlawchUn', chtlnchlaw'

    flash of realization; to have an inkling; to have it occur to one.


    Q611 rlll~l~

    V to be hot-tempered, quick-tempered, easily angered.


    d

    l Q~ t1 1

    chaUmd'_,. th:m~jchal raw'

    l Qtl 'l chlaw' V 1. to swoop down upon.

    2. to snatch,

    (she's) smart, but unsuspecting, not wise to the true situation.


    l Q~t.J 'l Q611li1 chaliaw'chalaad' V to be clever,

    snatch away suddenly. 3. to pass swiftly, suddenly, at close quarters (as a car passing a person or another car too closely). rM 4. vivaciously, flashingly, strikingly; used esp. with Jill Fl:W "bright-eyed,"
    ~ 'l!'.l

    bright, smart, intelligent, keen, sagacious. A'l1 :W-- cleverness, intelligence, sagacity.

    "pretty." 2. slang

    l Qe:J'W chyan' V 1. to cut off, slice off. l Qe:J::;,- -lbQ::: cha?l, cha?ch?1 V to be slushy,

    to edge out (in a contest).


    lQe:Jtl, liile:Jtl
    d d

    wet, damp.

    -See lbQ::;

    "']

    chyaj', chyajchyajl V 1. to be slow,

    6 Q 1 chi:iw' V 1. to wilt, wither, shrivel up. 2. to be wilted, withered.


    b Q 1::; ch~?/

    inert, leisurely. sV 2. in leisurely fashion. 3. steadily but gently, lazily (of a breeze blowing).
    Fl'll:W-d

    V 1. to chop. 2. to break open (as a


    d

    inertia, inactivity.

    coconut).
    l Qrl cha<'ld' magnificent, magnificently. Chiefly in

    l Qe:Jt.J'd1 chyajchaa' V to be inert, inactive. l Qe:Jt.J'/J1 chyajcM.a' V 1. to be slow. sV 2. slowly.


    "'

    compounds.
    l Qrl Q'W cha<'ldcMn' sV pretty, elegant, beautiful. l Qrl iil 1 t1, Q 1 t1 b Qrl cha<'ldcMajl, cMajcha<'ld' V

    ll~M,UQL'I'W chtE:', chtE:phooj' V colloq. to reveal,


    disclose (a secret).
    llQ!l cheE:g' C jag, shred, strip, one of a series of

    to be radiant, bright and gay; to be attractive.


    ~ ~'W in

    projections, often pointed, of a deeply notched periphery, as of a fringe.


    b~'WllQ!l penchE:g' to be fringed, deeply serrated, b~'W~Il "1, b1J'W~'W, b1J'WVlU!l.

    Qn 9

    au chU.gch~dn/

    v to be exigent, of an

    emergency nature, critical.


    l Qt.J ~ chian' V 1. to be oblique, aslant, deflected,

    jagged. ---Dis t.

    inclined, diagonal. 2. to bend, deflect, slant,

    l ~'W~ eJ ~ lliilll pens:">::>tJ'chhg' to be bifurcated,

    135

    swallow-tailed.
    lllil,i

    ..., chu'* rM modifier used with ~:W "to

    build .
    11il,Rn

    chaloog' N luck, fortune.

    smile," in the sense of "broadly, happily."


    llQi l!:l

    11il,'J in

    1Q'J~1

    chl'iowchaa' V colloq. to be widely

    in

    llQi

    "1 chtucheu'* imit. a clattering


    V to move, slide, fly, be blown along

    talked about (used of people).


    1Q'W, l 'VIIil-q

    sound.
    Lblil,~'U chalcb 1

    cham1jl, heedchanajl how, why, for what

    reason.

    in a tilted position, or in a direction slanted from the perpendicular (e.g. of a plane banking, a ship heeling); to slice (e.g. meat) slantwise.
    lllil,6l'U!il171 chalhb'tad' V to tilt (bank, or heel,

    etc.) and cut across.


    Lllil,~:W chal~m'* V to be beautiful, pretty, attractive,

    't1 ch;:,;:,l LOW consonant. Pronounced ch initially,


    d finally. The sound ch as an initial low cansonant is also very rarely written with 01.
    'tin

    lovely (esp. of the face).


    Lllil,:::: ch?1 V 1. to be damp, wet, slushy (as rain-

    ch6g' V to box, punch (with fist).


    'tln'l.l 'll

    soaked earth). 2. s 1 a ng to be lethargic, inert.


    lil,o1Lb9l.:::: chclmch?1 idem. llil,J::::llQ:::: ch~?chf:?/ V to be slushy, wet, damp.

    ch6gkhwaa' to deliver a blow with the

    right (in boxing).


    ' 'tln!iieJt.J. ch6g6jl V to box, fight with fists.

    ~'Wbblil,::::

    chyyrnchf:?l V to be damp, wet (as

    'tln:W'Jt.J

    ch6gmuajl V to box (usually in ref. to

    weather on a rainy day).


    biJt.JnlbQ:::: plagch?1 V to be wet, watery. 'tli

    professional boxing). chou' V to steep, infuse, make (tea or coffee), prepare (condensed milk by mixing in hot water).
    ~J ~'til

    o '\Jln biJt.Jn'\J1nLblil,:::: paagplag'paagch?1 V


    e 1 a b. co 11 o q., idiom. to talk oneself blue in the face, i.e. to keep telling, instructing, advising, admonishing.

    chouchaa' V to make tea.

    'tl i'W:W chounom' V to prepare condensed milk

    (by adding hot water).


    'tlf] 1 ( 'tiJ] 1, Vld)

    1~.

    Implies being "widespread" and "unpleasant." See entries below. -see also
    Q.

    chadaa' (chadaa', hila')

    N 1.

    1 ~Ill, 1 'l , Q111 ~ chooch<law', chaawchoo' sV

    "'

    theatrical high-pinnacled headdress or crown (worn by actor or actress). 2. woman's hairdo of similar shape.
    'tl!il.

    widely and unfavorably (of being talked about), notoriously.


    b'VI~'W 1 ~ menchbo' to smell very bad, stink badly. 11il,171,-- b'tJ6l1 chood', choodkhlaw' V to be foolish,

    Chiefly in compounds. ch6dch6::>jl V to be gentle, soft, graceful

    'tl!il'tleJt.J

    in manner (used of women).


    'tl!il b'tlt.J

    stupid.
    1Q'W171 (l'U,9ltJ'U) chanood' (bajl,chaoob') N title

    ch6dch<3ajl V to replace what is lost, to

    compensate.
    o Fl1 'tl!il b'tlt.J kh~ach6dchaajl N compensation,
    '

    deed for a piece of land.


    1 fil,'U choob' V to swoop down on, swoop down on

    and snatch away.


    1fil,:W chl'iom' N appearance, look, figure, shape. 1Ql.H 1:W ( Fl'W) cMomuaam 1 (khon') N beautiful

    (for work done, for property damage) . .., 'tl!ilL'tl ch6dchajl V to reimburse, repay, pay (for amount of loss or damage).
    'tl!ii1 . 'ti'W
    19)

    See

    'tl:::: I'll .

    girl, a beauty.
    1 !il,:W'VI~ 1 ch6omn.1a' N face, facial features,

    chon' V 1. to collide, bump into, run into, butt, hit. 2. to fight (of certain animals, esp. cocks, bulls). 3. to pit (e.g. cocks against each

    countenance.

    ~ 1 tJ 1fil,:W'VI~ 1

    baajlchl'iomn.1a' to head toward,

    other). 4. to complete (a round or cycle).

    change one's course, turn away.


    S'\J 1 Q:W rllubchl'iom' N figure, shape, appearance,
    'II

    o bins blt.J'W!il'ti'W thuugr6djon'chon' to get hit by

    "' a

    car.

    136
    n 1 ~ 'li'W rl'W kaanchon'kan' N collision. 1 n'li'W
    9 G

    ti'W":::b[;j

    chana?tcaj' V to win the love of, the

    ~rJ)

    kajchon' (tua')

    N fighting cock.

    trust of; to capture the heart of.


    sJ'W::::b[;jM'J 6 e.J~
    ~

    Flfll-Hl~'li'W khlum'thu:nchon'

    V idiom. to marry

    chana?tcaj'-tua?een' to overcome

    off (an individual, a couple) without the mates knowing or seeing each other beforehand. t: ti'W 1 n ( 'tHJ'W, F1 H , }I'W) chonkaj' N 1. cockfight
    I I

    desire, temptation. t: 'lit!'li'W'::: ( F1 s ~) chajchana?l {khran')

    N victory.

    6 eJ 1 'li'W:::: ?awchana?l V to strive to win, win out,

    {b:,nt in ref. to the place; h15n', khran' in ref. to time, occasion). V 2. to have a cockfight.
    ti'W'li1 ~

    overcome.
    'litJ111 chanfdl C kind, type, variety, description,

    "

    chonchaan' V to fight on elephantback.

    sort, species.
    'IJS::::6JlTI,5im'W

    --Syn. eleg.

    e.Jtl 1 ~

    com., 'IJ s:::: n 1 s,

    Both rider and elephant engage in combat.


    'li'W
    l:J

    chon', chon:::, chonna:::

    N e 1 e g. person,
    --Syn. Fl'W

    o 'W1'W1'1.itJ111 naalnaalchanfd' var~ous kinds, of

    people. Chiefly in compounds. com.


    ' nflJ.Jti'W
    9

    all sorts, of every description.


    ti'U 1
    (Iii eJ n)

    chabaa' {d:,:Jg')
    (l'l'W)

    N hibiscus (the flower).

    ( nflJJ) klumchon' (klilm')


    9

    '

    N public
    ti:JJ

    lil'W--

    hibiscus{theplant).

    gathering, crowd.
    ti'W ti1 ~1 YW

    chom' V 1. to admire, look at with pleasure.

    ( Fl'W)

    choncMadthaj' {khon') N

    2. to praise. 3. eleg. tolookat, view.


    admiration, praise. -+Syn. 3.
    ~com.

    n1s--

    people of Thai nationality.

    ti'Wti1'HJ~nb]"ef (Fl'W) chonchaawt?aukrld' {khon')


    N the British people, Englishmen.
    ti'Wl'l1 ~ 11111 ( Fl'W)
    chon'taand~aw'

    tiJJ~'W, ~'Wti:JJ
    tiJJ 6tit!

    chomch9Yn', ch9Ynchom' V to admire,

    be delighted (with), pleased (with).


    N

    (khon')

    chomch88j' V to admire, praise, compli-

    aliens.
    'li'W'\JTI
    ' ( U'VH)

    ment. chonnabbd' {htn') N eleg. 1. praise, compliment.

    the country, rural area. 2. (as n. mod.) rural. -+Syn. '\J1'W'We.Jn colloq.

    o S 1 ~ cJf.lti:JJ 6 tit!
    mention.

    raanwan'chomch88j' N honorable

    1J ~:::: ti1 ti'W ( F1 'W) prachaachonl (khon 1 ) N the


    public, the populace.
    ti'WJJ chon'. Sometimes used in lit. or roy. words to .connote "birth; life." -+Also ti'WJJ FS.
    'W~::::'I.i'WJ.J'Wn"ee-1

    ti:JJ'Wnti:JJ1~

    chomn6g'chommaaj' elab. colloq.

    to admire the scenery, enjoy the beauty of nature .


    ti:w ( .. ) 61J 1:::: chom' ( ... )p~? I

    to praise again

    phrachon'phans.:ta' N roy. age.

    and again.
    btit! ti:JJ

    -s y n.
    l911lJ.
    6

    eJ 1 ~ c om.

    ch88jchom' V 1. to admire, praise. 2.

    'J1lJV'WJJ waajchon' V lit. to die.

    --+Syn. See

    to fondle, caress tenderly.

    ~'IJ:JJ tl?'chom' V to find fault with, criticize


    {finding both good and bad points).
    'W 1 ti:JJ n~alchom', n~achom' V 1. to be praise'

    d'W 1 'W ( 6b f.J 'W , 6 5i 'W , 5i 1lJ ) chanuan' N 1. slate {phn1).


    2. fuse, primer (s@nl, s.:taj').

    n ~ ': : 1111 'W d'W d 'W ( bbf.J w) kradaanchanuan' (phtn')


    6

    '

    worthy, admirable. 2. eleg. to be interesting to see, look at.

    N slate (for writing on, such as is used by the schoolchild).


    b 'W Ju 1 'W penchanuan' to lead to; to cause; to be

    "

    -s y n.

    2. 'W 1lil
    ~

    com.

    "o:JJiil in

    'U:JJiilti:J.Je.Jtl cham6d'cham:5:Jj' attractively

    shy in manner (of women).


    'iiJJ'W chomphuu'. Short for ~-~

    the prime cause.


    Vr'W'I.i'W'J'W
    ' (6bf.J'W)

    when ~ is implicit

    htn'chanuan'{phtn') N slate

    in the context.

    (the rock).
    sJ'W'::: chami?' V 1. to win, win out.

    ~ti:JJ'W shchomphuul N 1. pink {the color). V 2.


    ~

    2. to defeat,
    ti:JJ'W
    '\1

    to be pink, pink-colored.
    '

    beat, conquer, overcome. tor.

    Fl'W-- winner, vic-

    ( 1'\J fl n r.J fl)


    'cu '

    chomphOu' {baj 1, lOugl, pMn')


    ..... ...,

    N rose-apple(thefruit). l'l'W--

    (lil'W)

    rose-

    137
    apple tree (Myrtaceae).
    ti:JJSJ-J ( 'UJ-JSJ-J, Ll'ln)

    the chanc!O! (to do something).


    c 0110 q.

    -Syn. eJiil

    chomrom' N 1. gathering, o

    party (of people) (chomrom'). 2. meetingplace (hetJ').


    JJ-J eHJ

    'lJ1tJ:W1lalliiltJV11illtJn'lJLfftJ~

    naajlmaa 1 -

    raw:::

    l88jchfiad'pajkinliatJ'! The boss came (back) (and) we lost our chance to go for a feed.
    V11il l!:J chfiad' N (Year of the) Rat.

    cham:S:Jjl V to look down or away coyly, shyly, bashfully (of a woman).

    -+The complete

    VJ-JiilVJ-JeJtJ cham6d'cham:5::~jl sV attractively shy

    "'

    list of the cyclical years is given under

    'iJ.

    in manner (of a woman).


    "' VJ-J eJ tJ <U:w 1 tJ
    cham:S::~jl chamaajl V to. look down and

    V11il m chfiadl N colloq. great-grandparent (on

    either side).

    .-.Also '11 'd lil.

    glance back again in a shyly flirtatious manner.


    'U:W 1 tJ chamaaj I
    0

    V1'U chuan' V to urge, persuade, ask, invite (to do

    V to glance sidewise (of a woman).

    something).

    "' 'Tf11ll1V:W1tJ thamtaalchamaajl to cast a sidelong glance.

    o '11V1'U'I.i:W thiichuanchom' which invites (one's)


    admiration.

    VltJ chajoo' E 1. bravo! hurrah! V 2. to hail with

    L':J.J~bl!1V1'Ul~eJ kh~osanaa'chuanchSa'
    ganda. V 2. to propagandize.
    ~

    N 1. propa-

    bravos, say "bravo!" .-.see also 10LtJ.


    tiS 1 charaa' V e l e g. 1. to be old, aged (of people).

    V1'U'Vl1

    ( l :l eJ ~)

    chuanhlia' (r9atJ')

    N 1. humorous

    N 2. (old) age, senility; also

    Fl11:W--.

    Fl'IJ--

    story, anecdote, comedy. V 2. to be amusing, comical.


    ilnti1'U chagchuan' V to induce, persuade, urge

    old person; old people, the aged.


    ~

    -com p. 2.
    ln1.

    1tJniil1~Fl'lJ,eJ1tJnii11~Fl'lJ
    'g '

    .-.Dist.

    -s y n. 1.

    l FJJ 1 , 6l n

    <9J

    com.
    '

    (to do something).
    V'JtJ chfiajl V to help, assist; to rescue. n1:l--

    tinJl1"1"l charaa'pMab' N lit. (old) age. .ft:Jtia 1 wajlcharaa' N old age, period of old age. 'Uiil chon', chon:::, chonla::: N e leg. water. Chiefly

    assistance; rescue. rescueL NOTE.

    e.J-assistant, helper; 'U ' V1 tJ often implies asking a

    in compounds.
    Viil'U ~ chon'buriil N Chonburi (Jolburi), a town-

    favor, hence may sometimes be translated "please."

    ship on the E coast of the Gulf of Thailand. -Syn.

    '

    ~1 tJ ~ 1 ~ ::;~:IJlb ;e.J :WTI 'U

    chfiajsbtJsabuu'-maaMjl:::

    lJJeJ~tiii1

    colloq.
    9

    tiwtJ S::; 't11'U chonprathaan', chonlaprathaan' N

    Flbl!"'"lS:::ti1tJ khunphra?lchfiaV! Oh, my goodness!

    ph~mthiil! Please hand me the soap! '

    irrigation, irrigating.

    .-.Also

    n 1 S--.

    (used esp. by women).

    ti&l:W 1 a Fl chonlam~agl N watercourse. L eJ 1 Viil mya!]Chon'

    ~1 tJ rl'IJ
    I

    chfiajlkan to help each other, everyone to


    ~ ~ ~

    N c 0 11 0 q. Chonburi.

    help. See examples.

    -Syn.
    '
    '
    '

    Viil'U ~.
    9

    o 01 tJ n 'lJFl'lJSl::: 1:w Fl'IJ 61::: :JJ eJ chOajlkan- khonlamaajl:::


    khonlamyy' colloq. each one gives a helping hand.
    o "'"l1 n Ls 1 ~

    01 ~ chOatJ' C span, extent; interval.

    o ~1V11tJ11 witJ'chfiatJjaaw' to run with long


    strides.
    ti'J~Fliil'U chl!a!]khl1J'n' N phys. wave length. ' 01 ~ l 1611 chfiatJweelaa' N spell, period of time. ' ' lti1ti14 ch~wchfiatJ' V to take a sublease.
    ' d

    ~ ~~ tJ rl'U l ~lil

    phfiagraw' couchfiajlkan:::

    tha8d'!

    Let's all pitch in!

    ~1 tJV~Ill
    life.
    '
    '

    chfiajlchiiwid' V to save (someone's)

    :l'U~') ~

    rabchfiatJ' V to inherit, take over, receive

    ti 1 tJ lil1 tJ chfiajl! dfiajl! Help! (an urgent call). V1 tJ l Vlii1 eJ chfiajlya' V to help out, assist, give

    something which has been passed on and is to be harbored or used and often passed on again (e.g. a tradition, a business, used clothing, a subcontract).
    V11il
    r9J

    "'

    help.

    n 1 a- -

    assisting, assistance.

    Fl 1 1 :W--

    assistance, aid.

    :l~ :w'Uill s'dnl 1,1 n 1 a


    chfiajw~akaan'

    ( A'U, m'U

    l radthamontriil:::
    N deputy minister

    chfiad' AA not get (to do something), lose

    (khon',

    th~n')

    ' V'HJ

    138

    (of the government). l el 11 "I tf'lrJ ?awcajlchfiajl V to give moral support (to), root (for).

    zigzag fashion).
    Velhl in

    LJ611~elhl

    ( fi11) plaach:"'on' (tua')

    N 1. ser-

    penthead, a kind of fresh water fish.

    2. euphem.

    V1 l Sl 'iJ chawall:!eg' N shorthand.


    raphy.

    n1 ~ -

    stenogVelhl

    penis.
    ( Ahl)

    "' hln-stenographer.

    ch5on' (khan')

    V 1. to scoop, dip up,

    V11 chawaa' pN Java. V11 &11


    '

    skim. 2. to bend, curve (esp. upwards). N 3. N (oil) lamp,


    "

    ( 1711 ~) chawaa'laa' (duatJ')

    spoon. 4. long-handled fish net, dip net.


    Velhl ( . ) '/Jhl ch:Sonl( ... )kh~n' 1. to lift up (e.g.
    &-'

    torch.
    Vel ch~b' C cluster, bunch (as of fruit, flowers).

    the head of a person who has fainted).

    2. to

    ~el l11 el n 1~ ( ~el) ch::b'd~ogmaajl


    bouquet, corsage.
    Vel n in

    (cMo')

    bend, curve upwards (as the horns of a buffalo).


    ' 'tielhl'tiell-J ch:Sons~om' N "spoon and fork," i.e.

    "

    Vel no1f'1, V1Vel n ch:"'ogcham', chamch:"'og'

    "

    "

    silverware, consisting of fork and spoon. Cf. Eng. "knife and fork."
    'tiel'U

    V to be bruised. VelA, ;elF! ch:Sg' V to be shocked. [f. Eng.] " ' VelA ( ll'YH) ch:Sgl*(th~tJ') N chalk. -Also

    ch~ob'

    V 1. to like, be fond of.

    2. to like (to

    Vel61n.

    do something). 3. to be pleased, satisfied.


    4. to be right, appropriate.
    Fl1'll-J--

    [f. Eng.]
    Vel 1 in
    ' '

    n 1 ~-- (see below).

    ' V'l'tiel ~ ch~mchootJ' V to be expert, skillful,

    merit; favor (with someone).

    proficient.
    Vel~ (Vel~ ) cMtJ'*(cMtJ')

    n 1 s tiel 'U kaanch:"'ob' N 1. the right thing, what

    N 1. opening, hole

    conforms to certain rules or standards. 2. fondness (for doing something, expressed by a following verb).

    (through something), cavity, space, gap. 2. fig. opportunity, opening.


    Vel~nbl!U''l
    9

    '

    (Vel1)

    '

    cMtJkuncee' (ch~tJ')

    N keyhole. N

    n 1 ~ tiel'U flhl

    kaanch~obkin/ (someone' s) fondness

    ~el~'/J1UrT'l (~el1)
    ticket window.
    Vel~ l 'iJ 1

    cMtJkhilajttia' (eMu')

    for eating.
    tiel'Un61
    ch~obkon'

    V to be out of the ordinary,

    '

    ( 'iJ eH ) cMtJkMw' (ch~tJ')


    '

    N mountain

    funny, strange, peculiar.


    o 171tiel'Un61

    pass.
    Vel~Fl61ell71
    '

    ('del1)
    '

    cMtJkhl5od' (ch5tJ')

    N eleg.

    "'

    duu'ch~obkon'

    to seem out of the ordi-

    nary, funny, strange, peculiar.

    vagina, birth canal.


    ' Vel HlA'U ' ('tiel~, lb'\1~)
    cMtJkh~eb' (ch:"'tJ' hen')

    o 171 tiel'U n 61 ~ duu'ch~obkon'-diil to seem right, 'IJ sound good. o A1~'11 el'U n 61

    N 1. strait. 2. channel. 3. (mountain) pass.


    Vel~'llel~ ch~nth:SotJ'
    I

    '

    N abdominal cavity. N 1. way,

    "'

    duutm,qjch~obkon'

    to seem inappro-

    priate, funny, strange, peculiar. cMobcaj' V 1. to be pleased, happy, -+Sy n.

    'tiel Hl1 ~

    ( '!11 ~) ch:"'nthaatJ' (thaatJ 1 )

    tiellJL"l

    means. 2. chance, opportunity.

    amused. 2. to be satisfied, gratified.


    "I'WL"l, binL"l.

    ~el~1'v'l (~el~) ch~nfaj'


    tiel~ l-J el ~ ch~tJmOotJ'
    I I I I

    (cMtJ')

    N idiom.

    spaces between letters or words.


    '

    tiel'UA'W ch~obldfiaj=

    "

    'IJ

    to agree with, be in accord-

    N peephole, small window.


    ch5tJw~atJ 1

    ance with. o
    tiel'U1711Un~'Vil-J1U ch~ob'dfiajkbdm<lajl

    tiel n 1 ~

    (tiel~, UVH)

    (ch5tJ 1, hf:tJ')

    to be law-

    1. a vacant or unoccupied space or room. 2.

    ful, legitimate.
    '11 el'U 'l1 "I:::; tiel'U
    d

    gap. 3. blank space (as on an application).

    ch~oblthtica=

    ought to . V to be righteous, just,

    .ff~el~ chfilcMn' Shortfor -ff~el~'ll'l~. .ff~el ~ '!11 ~ chfi'ch~tJthaau' to point the way,
    counsel, advise.
    'Ulhl 6Jel~

    o ~ ~ l-J

    ch~ob'tham'

    guide,

    honest.
    '1/eJ'U\\ntiel'U'Vihl'l ch~obnag'ch~obnila' V elab.

    '

    Manch5u' N colloq. home, house.

    co 11 o q. to favor highly, to like very much.


    eJeJ'U'V1el

    Velhl choon' V to bore, dig, burrow (in a winding or

    ch5obphoo' v

    to be fond of, to love.

    139

    ~'CieJ'U mich5::>b/ to be wrong, illegal, inappropri-

    '1f;:;

    1~ n

    chan5og/ V to poke (one's head) out, lean out.

    ate, bad, dishonest.

    o '1f;:; l-1

    n'VI~ 1 ~ 1-1

    chan5og/n.1ataan/ to thrust

    AA~JeJ'U

    khfd/mfch5::>b/ to have evil intentions,


    '1f;:; tl11

    (one's head) in or out of a window. chataa/ N fate, destiny. -Also


    'Citl11, '111 tl11.
    ' o(j;:;t9J1tllntllo1

    have unrighteous thoughts.

    o 1 'W'Yl1 ~ ~'CIO'U najthaan/mfch5::>b/ in an unlawful


    manner, illegally.

    chataa/togtam/ to fall on bad days;

    one's star to have fallen; to have bad luck; to meet an unfavorable fate.
    '\1

    1~'110'\J m.1jch~bb/
    (with).

    1. to dislike, be displeased.

    2. to be inappropriate, improper, out of keeping

    bln '11;:; tl11

    t~uugchataa/

    V (a person) to appeal to

    one on first sight, strike one as just right, m.1jcM::>b/dfiajkOdmilaj/ "click" with one, arouse a feeling of natural empathy with one.
    J;:;'W 'l'W FS. See 'CI'W 'l'W.
    '1f;:;'W;:; FS. See '11;:; tJ 111 F S. See '1f;:;'W 'CI'W;:;.

    l~'CieJ'U;'dlJnl)VldnlJ
    l~'CIO'U~i:1;:;
    not.

    to be against the law, unlawful, illegal.

    m.1jch:bb/thtica::::

    ought not, should

    ;'U~A'CIO'U nibphidch~::>b/ V to be responsible


    (for). Fl 1 UJ- responsibility. V
    b~'WA b~'W'CIO'U ( Jl'U) Mndii/hencM::>b/(ka::::)

    cJ'iJ A
    N gibbon.

    ( ~~) chanii/ (tua/)

    '1f;:;'U1 FS. See '1i'U1. '11;:; :W A ( ~1 ) cham6d/ (tua/) '1f;:;:WeJlJ

    e 1 a b. co 11 o q. to agree (with), approve, be in favor (of).


    ~ ~

    N civet cat.

    Fl'd 1:W-~

    approval. -+Also

    FS. See 'CI:WeJlJ.

    b'VI'W '11 eJ 'U '

    bVl'W (i1

    '1f;:;iil11,- -6j)1 ~ chamad/ chamad/j.1ad/ co 11 o q. very,

    b~'W~A b'iJ'l.J'CieJ'U Mnphid/pencM::>b/ to mistake


    wrong for right, bad for good.

    extremely.
    '1f;:;:wllJ FS. See "d:W1lJ.
    '1f;:; ~ OlJ

    " 'CieJlJ. See entries below. "

    char::>::>j/ Cj probably; perhaps, maybe.

    'CIA'CieJlJ ch6dch:J::>j/ V to be gentle, soft, graceful

    '1f;:; 6i eJ chab::>/ V to slow down.

    in manner (used of women).


    bl'CI:W'CieJlJ chtmch:J::>j/ V to be beautiful, cute,

    '1f;:;6ieJ:W

    (1'\J)

    chab::>m/(baj/)

    N akindofbamboo

    basket used for fruit. It has loose strips on top which can be opened widely or tied shut.

    charming.
    'CieJGin
    (bb'Yl~)

    ,
    'CieJl-J q

    -Also
    C9J

    dOFI.

    ch:Jg/*(tlltn/) "

    N chalk. [f.Eng.]

    '1f;:;6iA in
    '\1

    6H'CI;:;6iA stlun/chalQud/ V to be very tall


    '\1 '\1

    and thin (as a flagpole).


    b~lJ 1
    '1f;:; b 6W FS.
    '1f;:;bb6i~

    cha?um/ rM modifier used with -Sometimes also Q~:W.

    See b '1161 lJ. chaleen/ (?an/) N crowbar.

    "green" in the sense of "bright, fresh" (of vegetation only).


    '

    ( O'W)

    ifn

    C9J

    chag/ V 1. to pull, draw out, pull at. 2. to have spasms, convulsions. -Syn. 1. A~.
    Fl'W--

    'dOl-l [;;] cha?um/ V to be dark, cloudy, overcast. q


    '1f;:;
    C9J

    (see below).

    chcJ_?/ V to rinse, to wash away.

    'lh 6i 1 ~ cha?laan/ V to rinse, wash away.


    '1f;:;
    ,

    "

    Fl'Wifn khonchag/ N spastic (person); one who is

    '1f;:;

    '1

    eM/, chacha/f E excl. indicating


    v

    having spasms, convulsions.


    <;

    reproach, anger, contempt.


    '1f::; ~ O'W chan~n/* N overhanging rock. '11::; -1n chanag/ V to stop abruptly.
    '1f;:; -1n

    'Cin Fl S n

    ( 'Yl, O'W)

    chagkhr('}og/ V 1. to flush (the

    toilet). N 2. flush-toilet (thti/, ?an/),


    ifn b -11 chagnaw/ V 1. to shine, polish.

    2. to be

    nn chauag/k)rg/

    v to stop suddenly, stop


    o

    shiny, glossy.

    short.

    ~1ii'Wifn b ~ 1
    '\1

    mimman/chagnaw/ N varnish.

    ~A'11;:;-1n tld/chanag/ V to be stuck, get stuck.

    ifn i:1 ~ chagcuun/ V to urge, persuade, induce,

    'lh -1A chanad/ V to be effective, sure, certain. " 'th b ~ eJ chan~d/ V to stretch one's neck out to see. " 'lh lb ~ chante/ V to stretch one's neck out to see.
    For items not found under '1f;:;-,

    incite.
    ifn'CI'J'W chagchuan/ V to induce, persuade, urge

    (to do something).

    see '11- followed by the appropriate consonant.

    140
    'lfm.l1 chcigcMa' V to be slow, to hesitate, to

    .., "

    'lf '11 'i ch~ncajl V to weigh in the mind, consider.


    J1'VIG'l11

    .1.-

    delay.

    -+Syn.

    :~'"1l:1.

    ch~nluan'

    C aunitofweight equivalent

    V'nu~n 1 cMg'ctegdeg' to have violent convulsions, muscular spasms.


    V'nM'1

    to 600 grams.
    1111J1 (A'W,8'W)

    taacMn' (khanl,?an')

    N colloq.

    1~ 11

    cMg'tuajaan' to give an example.

    scales, balance.
    :JJ1111 :11J1

    V'n 61 cMgthon' to raise the flag. V'm.(1 cM.gnam' V 1. to lead.

    m~adtraalch~n'

    N system of weight

    2. to persuade,
    J1 IJ

    measurement.

    induce. o 'IJ lilVn'W"1 khod'chagnam' e 1-: ct. induction coil.


    V'nunn 1 chag'pligkaa' to form a flank defense. V'n 1 fl chagjajl to form threads, spin a web or

    ch~n'
    80 baht.

    C a former monetary unit equivalent to

    J1 m

    ch~n'

    See

    ~11

    IJ ,m.

    v~

    in

    J1VJJ

    paalch.fd/ N dense jungle, deep forest.

    cocoon (as spiders, silkworms).


    vn
    '\/

    Vlil chad' V to be plain, clear, distinct. bb'i :JJ01il cemchadl


    0

    nJ chagrilubl c 0 ll 0 q. to take a picture, to


    to fly a kite. idiom.

    to be clear (in meaning).

    photograph.
    V'n

    Vlill 'l'W chadceen' V to be plain, clear, distinct,

    ~ 11 cMgw~w'

    explicit.

    V'n'V1~1l~'D1V1i1 cMg'n~a'-m~jthynlan'
    can't make ends meet.

    clear, distinct.
    'lllilLb'i'd chad'ctw 1 Vlil

    eltJ11-- clearly.

    L:l F1 Vn
    "

    rOogcMg' N colloq. disease charac-

    V colloq. to be very clear.

    terized by convulsions.

    1 chadcMd' clearly, obviously, apparently.

    " ~'WVn ( ~'WVn) lincMg' (lincMg') N drawer.


    Vn IJ, Vn 'i ~ cMg~. chcigca~

    V'lil ;1tJV'IiiFI"1

    cMdth~jlcMdkham'

    e lab. colloq.

    AA tend to, be in-

    clearly, distinctly, articulately.

    clined to, (start) getting, be starting to get.

    u~V'Iil

    ntE:chad' V 1. to be certain, definite, sure.

    ..., o 1'Wilel1n1AV'n'i~Jel'W wanniil ?aakaad'cMg~


    car:S::m'~ It tends to be hot today.

    -+Syn. ...,

    blel'W IJ.

    sV 2. surely, clearly .

    l~'W~d3l'WV'Iil penth!iiMncMd' it is evident (that). 0'1l~V'Iil fan'm~jch.fdl 1. to be unclear, indistinct


    {of sound). 2. to be unable to hear clearly.
    V''W
    <iJ (

    o Q'WVn'i~Vl1lb61161~ chan' cMgcahiw'ltE:wla?~ I'm starting to get hungry.


    '111 chan' V to hate, detest. b n~ulilv1 klladchan'

    "

    n el'W)

    chan/ (k~::m') V to be steep.

    N dammar.

    V'W IJ chan 1
    !:; ..,

    to hate, detest, despise

    li11 V'W t~n'chan/ V (hair, fur) to stand on end, be

    (hate strongly).

    Fl11 :JJ-- hatred.

    on end. e lab.
    J'W chan 1

    '11 ln~ulil'l1V1 conkllad'conchan'

    N 1. stage, level, layer, stratum, class


    .., ..,

    co ll o q. to hate and hold a grudge against (someone).

    (in school; in accomodations), rank, grade; shelf; floor, story. C 2. idem. -+Syn.
    el'Wiil'U.

    if 1'111 chinchan' to hate, abhor, detest, loathe. ~ n'1111 'W 1 'l nygchan 1 najcajl to harbor feelings
    hatred.
    l i 1 vnm n:JJn'n'lf 1 l9ag'thtirag'- mag'thtichan'
    ~

    J'WFI S chankhruu' masterful, first- rate.

    of

    J'W~III'd 1
    J'W l

    '\/

    chancadtawaa' the fourth (and lowest)


    ( eJ ~ 11)

    rank in civil service.


    Q..l

    Q...'

    .d

    Q..l

    if 1 , l if 1 J'W

    cMnchddtJ' chddncMnl

    e lab. colloq. to show partiality, show favoritism; to be partial in one's likes and dislikes. od1
    <iJ ch~n' V to weigh. l eJ 1-- (see below). .., .v .., Fl'WV 1 ( Fl'W) khancMn' (khan') N 1. balance,

    (jaan')

    N tactics, strategy, stratagem, trick.

    J'W;'W chantt'\nl beginning stage, beginning level,

    A1

    lower level. o

    1'WJ'W;'W
    stage.

    najchant6n' at first, at the beginning

    scales. 2. beam, transverse bar of a balance.


    l A J eJ 1 1
    d

    .!.-

    d .., .., ( lfl :~ 1 1, eJ'W, Fl'W)

    khr9ancMn' (khr9an'

    J'WIII

    S chantriil

    the third rank (from the top) in

    ?an'. khan')

    N scales, balance.

    civil service.

    141

    J'W bl'l Sf.J:W chantriam' pre-elementary level (of


    education).

    J''W b EJ n chan?eeg' the first {highest) rank in civil


    service.

    J'W L'll chanthoo' the second rank (from the top)


    in civil service.

    J1J'W samchanl to repeat a class {in school), take


    a course over. See under penchanchan' in layers, ranks, grades, classes.

    J'W'W EJ n chann!:l::>g' the outside, the outer layer.


    o

    b El J''W 'W EJ n ( lll'd)


    0

    s9acMnn~bgl

    (tua I)

    N coat.

    J'W'W 1 channaml leading, outstanding. J'W 1 'W channa jl the inside, the inner layer.
    0

    od'W 8111 :J
    'II

    channasuud' V to examine, test.


    'II

    n 1 H n ~ J''W 1 'W ( l'l'"l) kaa:g kee:g I cMnnaV (tua I)


    N shorts, underpants; panties.

    o ii'Wiiilll :J A'W channasuud'sob' to perform an autopsy.

    odf.J chajl, chaj::::, chajja:::: N victory. 'l.if.J 'l.i'W ~


    ~

    n~~h~~~J'W1'W

    kraproo:g'channajl N slip,

    ( Fl :J 1 , EJ f.J 11 ) chajchana? 1 {khra:g'. jaa:g')

    :!;

    '

    woman's undergarment. o

    N victory. N undero

    LiEJJ''W1'W (lll1) s9acMnnajl (tua')

    1;odf.J 'l.i'W ~

    d~ajchajchami? I

    to gain a victory,

    shirt, man's undergarment; vest; slip, woman's undergarment.

    to win (a war).

    il1 iff.J chi:gchajl V 1. to fight (competitively). 2.


    to compete for victory (as in a battle).

    J'W'U'W chanbonl upstairs, upper story, upper layer,


    upper shelf.

    ilodf.J

    mii'chajl V 1 it. to be victorious, win.

    J'WLJ S ~ bl:W chan'prathom' N elementary grades,


    grade school level. o

    odf.J'W 1 '11 chajn!iadl pN Chainat, a township inC Thailand.

    J1
    roo:grian'N elementary

    0l

    chlla' V to be bad, vile, wicked. vice(s), evil{s). --Syn.

    Fl11:W--

    L~H~f.J'WJ''WLJ~~bl:W (Lb~~.LSHSf.J'W)
    chan'prathom' (h:gl, roo:grian') school, grade school.

    bSI1.

    -+Ant.

    ~.

    AeJf.JtJ1'1f1 kh!:ljja:gchlla' 1. to get better, feel better.


    2. not so bad.

    J'W;1 V!ij chan'ph1lujajl senior, high- ranking.


    'II

    1"l'lf1 cajchlla' V to be bad (at heart).


    '1.11'1.11 ch1lachaa'
    J_, "'

    J'Wii's f.J :w chan'madthajom' secondary school level.


    o J'Wii'S f.J:WIII EJ'W'lJSI 1 f.J chan'-madthajom't::>::>nplaajl senior high school level. o
    ~

    V to be bad, evil, vile, base. phlluji:g'khonchlla' {khon') N

    ;V!fU1 Fl'WJ1 'II J1

    ( A'W)

    a prostitute.
    lfl
    rL-

    J'Wii'Sf.J:W'US'U~; cMn'-madthajom'b::>::>ribuun'
    'II

    chlla' C time span, period, duration.


    cr'l IT'

    N the final year of secondary schools.

    'l.i'Jn'\J'\Jod'Jnii1'\J chllakab'chllakan' elab. colloq.


    forever, for all time, eternally.

    'li'W bf.J f.J :W chanj tam' top grade, first class, best. J'Wbb ~ n

    chanr~eg'

    (at) first; the first step, shelf,

    J'J'IJW~

    ch1lakhana?l for a while, for a moment,

    class, stage etc. o 1 'WJ'Wbb ~ n

    temporarily. at first, at the begin-

    najchanr~eg 1

    J1 Fl ~ 11 ch1lakhraawl temporarily, for the time


    being; temporary. o
    b'lJ'Wnl~'l.i'JFln'J
    "' J_,

    ning stage.

    J'W~ 11

    chanlll:a:g' downstairs, lower story, lower

    penkaan'chQakhraaw' 1. to

    layer, lower shelf.

    be temporary, to be a temporary matter. 2. temporarily, as a temporary thing.

    J'Wiii eJ 1 chans:S::>:g' second class (accomodations);


    the second story, level, stage, etc.

    J1 As' chllakhrllu' {for) a moment. 'II J'J'Wl1111lJ chllanaaltaapii' elab. colloq. year in
    and year out, for ever.

    J'Wiii1:W chansaam' third class (accomodations);


    the third story, level, stage, etc.

    J'WV!~ 1

    cMnny:g' first class (accomodations).

    "' od1'W1~'Wii1SI1f.J chllafaa'dinsalaajl elab. colloq.


    '

    J'WV!61'1 cMnla:g' the later generation.


    o 1'WJ'WV!61'1 najchanla:gl later, in a later period.

    idiom. forever, till doomsday.

    -+Also

    J'l~1~'W.
    N

    J'lL:W 1 ch1lamoo:gl C hour.


    o

    J'W ~ eJ 1 chan?:Sn' co 11 o q. top, of the best quality,


    outstanding.

    b~:WJ'lL:W 1 ( B'W) kMm'chllamoo:gl (?an')


    hour hand (of a clock).

    142
    0
    J.,

    611:J.JoU1 1:w~ saam'chOamoo:u' (for) three hours.

    6(i1'W 1'\J chaanaan' V to be long (of time). 01 ~ ~ chaallo:u V to get slower, slow down, slow

    6(1') ~::; t.J::; chOaraja?l interval of space or time.

    J'J~::;t.J::;b'Hl1
    J., J.,

    chOaraja?'weelaa' (for)aperiod

    of, (for) an interval (of time) of.


    6(J'Jfilll6(i'JV!6l1'W ch0al0ug'ch0ali1an' generation
    'U

    ..,

    up .

    "'

    ..,
    chaa'sfaltew' chaa'saltew' it's too

    6(i1L61t.Jlb6l1

    late. l ~eJ ~
    I

    after generation.
    J.,
    I

    -Cf.

    ~ llVI~

    1'W.

    J1

    chta:uchaa' V to be slow, sluggish.

    6(1') bbiil'W chOal~n' co 11 o q.


    J.,

    (for) a brief moment,

    bb6(i:J.J6(11 ch~mchaa' V to be slow and graceful.

    ..,

    momentarily; momentary.
    6(1') l16l1 chOaweelaa' for, in the time of; for, in

    JJ6(11il'W 1'\J mfchaa'mfnaan' writ. not long (after-

    wards), soon (afterwards).

    a period of. o
    6

    l~J1 m~jchaa'
    chOaweelaa's:S::>tJchOamoo:u' -Also 1'W--.
    , '-'
    ~

    soon, in a short time, shortly.

    J1 b1 iil1 61 eH iJ'1 hH

    for two hours; in two hours. o J1L 1 6l15n l~J1


    .Lt

    o l:w01 n b ~ 1 m~jchaa'k:'\rew' sooner or later. it o o

    c:

    chOaweelaal?iigm~jchcia'

    won't be long now (until something takes place).


    c:
    .:::>

    l~J1l~'W 1'\J m~jcMa'm~jnaan' by and by. eJ~:w1l~J1 juumaa'm~jchaa' writ. not long
    'U

    6(i1Ll 'ltl llilt.l 1 ch0awb'diaw (for) a split second.

    afterwards.
    :i eJ 01

    l~J1 bl~ m~jchOath::::


    6(11
    <9J

    not only, it is not only.

    r::>::>chaa' V to hesitate, delay. V 1. to be tardy, late. 2. to be tardiness, lateness.

    chaal N tea (leaves).

    ~ 101 l~achaa'

    '

    '111 b 8'W chaajen' N iced tea.


    ~

    slow. Fl'l1:J.J-01 IB.


    J., ..,
    I '-'

    'W"16(i1 namchaa' N tea (the liquid). 1tJ6(11 bajchaa' N tea leaves.

    See entries below.

    V'l V 1 chOachaa' V to be bad, evil, vile, base. li(16(i1 tamchaa' V to be depraved, morally bad. Vlt.J 1ti01 jaabchaa' V to be rude, vulgar (in words,

    V1

    IB d

    chaa' V to be numb.

    b 9Hlt.JV1 chyajchaa' V to be inert, inactive.

    "' 'W 6(1 1 l t.J

    chaaljen' V to be cold, indifferent, unfeelFl11:W--

    behavior).
    01 m in V1 ~
    <9J (

    ing, cool (toward someone). coldness (of behavior).

    coolness,.

    LJ1V1 Fl'W)

    '

    ( Lb'Vf~) paachaa' (ht:u')

    N cemetery.

    ch~a:u'. ch~a:u::: (khon')

    N 1. artisan,

    ~'W V1 mynchaa' to be cold (in disposition).


    l ~'WVl jen'chaal V 1. to be cold, unresponsive,

    specialist, expert, master. 2. bound stem meaning "artisan, smith" placed before verbs or nouns to form noun derivatives. V 3. to be skilled.
    n 1 J-- (see below).

    unfeeling, cool (e.g. toward someone). 2. to be numb from cold.


    LVI1JtJvl nebchaa'

    -see also 2. Fl'W

    @.

    1. to be numb. 2. to have

    beriberi. N 3. beriberi; short for

    1J A--

    NarE 1.

    til' is freely used as a baund stem

    meaning "artisan, smith" placed before nouns or verbs to form noun derivatives; 1st and 2nd examples. Common English translations are -smith ('"goldsmith") and the agentives -er

    o 1 J Fl bVl11tJ0l rl'log'nebchaa' N beriberi.

    Vl rn in ~ eJ V 1
    spoken of.
    V1
    <9J

    1yychaa I

    to be well- known, widely

    ("photographer") and -ist ("artist"); 1st, 2nd and 3rd examples. o til' T18' cMauthoou/ goldsmith: "smith (in) gold."

    cMa' V 1. to be slow, late, delayed (in arriving). sV 2. slowly.


    Fl'J1:J.J--

    slowness, -Dist. -Ant. b n.


    "'

    lateness.

    eJt.J1~--

    atthelatest.
    J

    tfl

    ,~;w;

    cMauphim/ printer: "artisan (who)

    -Syn. 'Wl'W, b'W'W.


    .,j ..,

    prints."
    0

    -Sometimes coupled with 'W 1hl "long (of time)."


    b 9Wt.IV1 chyajchaa' V 1. to be slow.

    tfl' b ~fJV cMaukhlan/ artist, painter, draftsman: "artisan, craftsman (who) writes, draws."

    sV 2.
    NOTE 2.
    til~

    slowly.
    ifnJ1 chagchcia' V to be slow, to hesitate, delay.

    is not equivalent to FIV

    and~

    when used as agentive, since til ~

    implies

    -s yn.

    10

    11 d .
    sV slowly, more slowly.

    skill and craftsmanship, but the three stems are occasionally used in similar circumstances, with or without some slight difference in mean-

    Vl ~ chaachaa 1

    143
    ing; see examples. o

    man.
    rl\JolOI~l.J
    phOu:::

    J11oJOI~l.J

    chb:gtAdpMm' barber.

    ~ 1 ~ 1~

    chiiaumaajl N carpenter.

    n1 s--

    car-

    khontAdphllm' idem. o J11"Wm; cMa:gphim' printer. phim' publisher, printer.

    pentry.
    ' '1.11 'l lJ'Wiil S chAaujon'

    N mechanical engineer.

    '111-1 fJ el:Wf.J 1
    NOTE 3. All noun derivatives based on take A\! as their elf. and ( FI\J) '!1'1' is therefore

    '

    cMauj:S;:,mpMa' N dyer.

    omitted in all subentries coming in this category.

    n1 Hl1 ~ kaanchAau'
    '

    '

    N 1. craft, skilled work.

    ~1 ~ L~'VY:; chftaulooha?l N metalworker. ~1~61~n chAausalag' N sculptor. ~1-1LL611 usuallyin 1n~1HL61~ roouchAauseeu'
    N arsenal.

    2. engineering, construction (as a science).


    '1.11 ~ n &1 chAaukon' N mechanic. n 1 s - - me-

    chanics. o 'W 1 fJ '1.11 ~ n &1 naa j chftaukon' N mechanical engineer.


    'll1~nv61n~ chAauk~;:,sAau'

    ~1 ~'111111 'VY~ cMauMdmajl N apprentice. ' "' 'IJ1 ~ L'Vliil n cMauH:~g' N blacksmith.
    '111 'l ell n 1fl 'll'Vl1 s '1.11 ~

    '

    '

    chAau?aakaad' N airplane mechanic. thahiiancM.au' N 1. corps of engineers.

    '

    '

    '

    N builder.

    2. military technician, military engineer.


    'W 1 tJ'IJ1 ~
    '

    ~1 i
    '

    LL;'W 1-vln 1 chftaukte'naalikaa' N watch- re-

    ( A'W)

    naajcMau' (khon') N 1. craftsman,


    '

    pairman.
    'li1~LLn:;

    artisan. 2. short for 'W 1 fJ'IJ 1 ~ n &1 vative beginning with 'W 1 fJ'IJ 1 ~ .
    ' '111 ~
    LJ
    '

    or other deri-

    chAauk?1 N sculptor, carver.

    ' "" '1.11 ~ L'/J tJ 'W chAaukhian' N painter (artist), drafts-

    chftu:::::* AA 1. very, so, awfully, terribly,

    man.
    '1.11 'l LA:i el 'l chftaukhryau' N 1. mechanic, rna' d

    terrifically. Used especially with descriptive verbs; 1st, 2nd, and 3rd examples. 2. bound stem meaning "given to, good at, full of," placed before verbs to form new verb derivatives. Also sometimes corresponds to the English suffixes -y, -ative, -ant, -ive; 4th, 5th, and 6th examples. -+Cf.

    chinist. 2. engineer (operator of an engine).


    ' d .-

    '1.11'1 LASel'ltJ'WiilS cM.aukhr)Taujon' N machinist,

    mechanic.

    ~1~::fn611'W

    cMaucagsiian' N wickerworker.

    ' ' '1.11 'l'tlel:W chftaus!'bm' N repairman.

    ... iJ-

    LJ,

    L'l1- m.

    ~1 'l Al11r.J:W
    builder.

    chftaudadph6m' N hairdresser.

    L'IJ1'1J1i611tJ L~lJ'l~~

    '

    ~ khawcMnsuajlsiacincin'~

    ' ' "' '1.11 ~ fil elL :i el chAau6;:,rya' N boatbuilder, ship-

    She's very beautiful, really beautiful. o

    ~11~d1tJ'l L~lJ'lS1 ~ cMnkhtiklad 1 siacincin'~


    How terribly
    I I

    ~1 ~ rli11W:W cMautadpMm 1 N ~ 1 ~ rll11 Li el chftautads9a' N ' ' '1.11 H11 fJ s t1 cMauthaaj rQub'
    ' ..,'II

    barber. tailor, dressmaker.


    N photographer.

    lazy~
    C;f

    o 'I] 1 ~ 'W 1 fil'W Lfil'W L61 fJ L'Vliil el Ln'W

    \...1

    ,:::!,j

    cMnnAa 1 t)rynt~n'-

    '1.11 Hlelf.J 1 chftauth;:,;:,phfta' N weaver. ' '1.11 ~Tiel~ cMauth;:,;:,u' N goldsmith.

    sfal-yak88n1~ How terrifically exciting! ' o '111 iFW chiinkhujl to be chatty, full of chatter.

    o 'I] 1 ~ Yl111 chAnphQud 1 V to be talkative, full of talk.

    '

    '

    ~1~'111~
    I

    chftauthaasiil N painter (workman).


    d
    A

    ~ 11 51~ Lnli1
    perceptive.

    'IJ

    cM.n sil.ukeed' V to be observant,

    '1.11 ~ '111 LAs el ~ L -1 'W chftautham 1 khr)Tauu<'ln 1 N

    silversmith.

    ~ 1 ~ n S:; l
    '

    S L61 fJ chAu'kraraj la8jl How could he!

    ~ 1 ~ J'W
    ~1 ~~~el
    '

    chftaupftn' N modeller (one who molds

    How come? (expressing reproach, indignation).

    clay). cMaufiimyy' N skilled craftsman. N printer.


    o'

    cJ 1 -1 A111 cMnkh f d I to be given to thinking, be full


    of ideas. o

    '1.11 ~Yi:W'V'l cMauphim'

    L'IJ1'1J1-1AI11'l~-1'W:; kMwcMukhfctlcinna'~ He's


    really good at thinking.
    L'/J 1 L~'WA'W~1

    '1.11-1 LYl'l!S cMauphed' N jeweler.

    ~1 ~~fil cMauffd' N mechanic. [ ~fil f. ~ 1 ~ 1'1'1~ 1 cMaufajfaa 1 N electrician.

    Eng. "fit")

    ~A 111

    khawpenkhon'cMnkhid' ~

    He is a person given to thinking, a person who uses his brain.

    ' '1.11 ~ Jl1 Yl chftauphftab' N photographer, camera-

    144

    ~ 1 ~ b ~fJ ~

    cM:othia:ol V to be good at arguing,

    the elephant," a simile used to describe one who is a follower.

    argumentative.

    ~1~tJfl~1~Afil

    cM:onyglcM:okhfdl elab. colloq.

    J11 b~ eJ fl
    ""

    cMa:ophyagl N white (albino) elephant.

    to be good at thinking, be full of ideas.


    ' ' 'li1 nHil'li1 HlfJ cM:ophOud 1 cM:okhujl V e lab.
    'II

    o '!111 'li l ~ b t:J eJ n thaa:ocMa:ophyagl N the Milky Way.


    'li1 n''jfl1fJ cMa:ophlaajl N bull elephant.

    "

    co 11 o q. to be talkative and full of chatter.


    'li1UJ ... b6ifJ~:i~
    I Q

    ;t

    ""'

    cM:omii:::: ... sfaci:oci:ol

    'li11i~ chaa:opha:ol N cow elephant.


    '-'

    there certainly are ...


    '1.11 ~ b'l!!Sl eJ b fl'W ch~:ollyak:".lanl V 1. to be extraor'

    'If 1 ~ 611 :1 chaa:osaanl N elephant, esp. a large,

    "

    powerful one.

    dinary, terrific. 2. to be awful, terrible.


    'li1 ~ m ch~:ol* V 1. to let (it) go, let (it) alone, let
    '

    J11~fileJ
    "" V!'li11
    'II

    chaa:oshd;:,::>l N a tuskless bull elephant. hUucMa:ol (baanl)


    N side wing

    ('U1'W)

    (it) be. 2. to be unconcerned, not to care.


    0

    windows on an automobile: "elephant's ears."


    'li1qj.

    61 n b;1 ~ :-; bihe:~~ 1 ~ l


    'II

    ~ n~1 ~ 11lugt~wlcapenjaa:o::::

    See entries below.

    -+Cf.

    'lfl'W 161!.
    V to be bold,

    raj'-+ k5ch~:o 1 ~

    (she) doesn't care what will

    fl;1Vl1qj'li1qjiJ'tJ

    kl~ahaanlchaanchajl

    become of (her) children.

    brave, courageous. Let them (do


    'lilqj9H111il chaanchalaadl V to be ingenious. b ~fJ 'd 'If lqj chiawchaanl V to be experienced skill-

    ~11

    b 'IJ 1i.J:-; l :1

    cM:olkMwparajl~

    such and such)! It makes no difference what they do!


    'li1 ~ b fJeJ:-; ch~:otha?l~
    '

    full, expert. Never mind! Forget it!


    'If 11il ch~adl

    N annatto; rouge.

    Who cares?

    61Jl1fl1'li11il saphaakaacMadl N the Red Cross.


    'If 1 !il 1 . 'If 1 ~
    <Ql

    ~1 ~ bV'W l ~, -t.J:-; l ~ cM:olpenrajl L cM:o 1 paraj~


    Let it be. Let it go. I don't care. I don't care what happens (to it, to him).

    See
    (

    'If:-; !il 1 .

    'If 1 ~ ) cMadl (ch~adl)

    N nation, nationality,

    race.

    ~ 11 iJ'W , - - tJ :-; l

    :1 , - - b~ 'W l

    cM:o manL cM:o 1 manl, Let it be.

    'IJ1fJ'li1~ khaajch~adl V to betray one's country,


    commit treason.

    ch~:olmanparajl ~ ch~:olmanpenrajl ~

    Let it go. I don't care about him, about it. don't care what happens to him, to it.

    Arn:::'lil~ khana?lch~adl nationalist, of the nationalist faction.

    ~ 1 ~ ~ 'd iJ'Wt.J :-; l

    :l cM:ohtialmanparajl ~ co 11 o q.

    'li1~l11fJ cMadthajl N Thai nationality; the Thai


    nation. o 'li'W J 1 ~l 'tl fJ
    ( Fl'W) choncMadthajl (khonl)

    I couldn't care less what happens to it. I don't

    give a dam what happens to him.

    J1~

    ( bVeJfl,f'l'l) cMa:ol N elephant (ch))agl eleg.;

    people of Thai nationality.


    '1.1 1 ~ilm..J ch~adlnfjoml nationalistic. 'W n--

    tual com.).
    'IJ'W 'If 11 'i.J'Wlbt:J'W . See under
    9 9

    'IJ'W.
    9

    nationalist. N trunk of

    n1'li1~

    (~'H)

    :oua:ocMa:o 1

    (:oua:o 1 )

    o YJ n Fl'li1 ~iltJ:J.J pMgch~ad 1 nfjoml N nationalist


    party. o 61''tls'li1~i1m.J ladthf?l-cMadlnfjoml N nationali sm.

    the elephant.
    n'li1 ~
    '-'

    ( 8'W, "'J 11) :oaacMa:ol N 1. ivory. 2.

    ""

    elephant tusk (?ani, kh.1a:ol).

    J'W'li 11 chonchaa:ol

    to fight on elephantback.

    'li1~W1"1J1'd ch~adlphlwkhaawl N the white race.


    'li1~W11i1'1 cMadlphlwdaml N the black race.

    Both rider and elephant engage in combat.


    '1.11111 chaa:u:oaal N tusker, tusked elephant. '1.111 !ii'W cMa:otl'Jnl N the traditional State Elephant,

    'd 1 ~ W'd b Vl~ eJ ~ cMadlphlwlya:ol N the yellow race.

    b~eJ'li1~
    o

    b~eJ'lil~) chyach~adl
    -..Dis t.

    (chyacMadl)

    the king's personal elephant.


    '-' d

    race, nationality.

    6fru'li 1 ~ .

    '1.111 b Del'W cMa:othyanl N wild elephant. '1.1 1 ~ b'111 V!61'1 cMa:othaawla:ol N "the hind legs of

    6fb]!'li1~eJ bJ..I~rl'W b~eJ'li1~l'tltJ

    sancMad 1 ?amee::::

    rikanl-.. chyach~adlthajl (of) American citizen-

    145 ship, Thai nationality.


    lil61 eJ~V1~ tal:,;:,dcMad' all (one's) life. lil1 'lllil1 'If 1 ~ taapiiltaach/iadl idiom. year in and

    ~ 1 ~'If 1 ~
    ity. race.
    '

    taanch/iad' foreign, of another nationalA'W--

    foreigner, esp. a person of another

    year out.
    '111 ~ ~n in S 61'111 ~ r6dch.1ad' N taste, flavor.
    6:1 S:J.J'Ii1 A thammacMad' N nature.

    lil1 ~'If 1 ~ lil1 ~ Jl1 '\>J-1 taanch~ad'taanphaasila' e 1 a b.

    '

    V1 A <t in V1'W
    I9J (

    co 11 o q. (of) different nationality and speech.


    fH '111 ~ ( ~'W) thoncMad' {phtyn')

    '/J1'W) chaan' {chaan')

    N 1. platform, porch

    N national

    (without roof). 2. environs. Chiefly in compounds.

    flag.
    'W 1'W 1 '111 ~ naanaa'ch/iadl

    1. various peoples,

    '(] 1'W 'If 1611

    ('If 1'W 'Cl 11;11 , LlVI ~ ) chaanchaalaat, (chaan=

    nations. 2. (as n. mod.) international.

    tJ :l::; 6(1'C.I1 ~ pracamch/iad' national, characteristic of a nation. o fH'\JS::; 6(1'C.I1~ {phyY"n')

    chaalaa', hen') N (railroad} station platform. "" ( 'If 1 'W 'If 1 ii11 , Ll VI' ~ ) chaanchaalaa I= '(] 1 'W 'If 1 ii11 6i b11 'W sathilaniil (chaanchaalaat, hen') idem. ..., V1'W'U1'W ('li1'W) chaanba.an' (chaan') N the premises (around a house) . ..., "' 'If 1'W'U 1'W '(] 1'W l :1 eJ'W chaanba.an'chaanryan' e 1 a b. co 11 o q. the premises.

    (~'W) thon'pracamcMad'

    N national flag.

    'tJ :l ::; b'l1 fi '(] 1 ~ prath~edch~ad' N country, nation.


    U'\J61 ~'C.I1~ pleench/iad' V to become naturalized,

    change one's citizenship.


    'l'lbl n '\>J-V 1 ~ phryg' sacMad' N plant, vegetable

    "' ~ 'li1'W b:J.J8


    'li1'W61 bl1'W

    ' ( llVI~)

    chaanmyan' (htn') N outskirts,

    environs of a city.

    kingdom.
    d
    'l.;
    I 4

    ""

    ( 'C.i1'W, LlVl~) chaansathilanii' (chaan',

    -+Dist.

    V1tJ l~eJ~.

    'I'I'WeJ~:l'J:J.J'Ii11i1

    phtin5;:,n 1 rilamch1iad 1 (one's) fel-

    hen')
    'Wln'C.I1'W

    low citizens.
    l'I'I61~'C.I1~
    ( b'l'l61~) phleencMad' {phleen')

    ( 'WJn'C.i1'W, bbVI~) n~bgchaan' (n~;:,gchaan',

    N outer edge of a station. '

    hen')

    N (uncovered) porch, open patio (adjoining


    ~

    national anthem.
    :J.J'W'\>J-tJV1~ manud'sajach/iad' N mankind.
    :l::; VI 1 1 -1 'If 1 ~ rawaanch/iadl international.

    the house).
    'li1'W 11 chaan' N Shan. [prob.f.Eng.] -Syn. L~tJ'J.
    'If 1 :J.J

    '

    '

    (l 'U , ii1 n ) chaaml (bajl, lilug') N 1. bowl, dish. 'lJ


    C 2. bowl, as a measure of quantity.
    (1'U,ii1n) thilajchaam' (bajl,lilug')
    'lJ

    1'W'If1~ wancMad' N National Day.


    l fi :l 'ij~ 'l 'IJ eJ ~ 'CJ 1 ~ seedthakl d 1 kh5;:,ncMadl the national economy.
    61'b!!'C.I 1 ~ silncMad' N 1 a w

    ~'JtJV1:J.J
    o

    the dishes, dishware. citizenship.

    .-o is t.

    ;~'JtJV1:J.J
    'lJ

    ( ;, 1'U) tilu'thilajchaam' (tfiul, bajl}


    'lJ

    b~8'C.I1~. 61b\!'C.I1~8l:J.J!n'W L~8'111~1'YltJ


    ship, Thai nationality.

    N cupboard. silncMadl?amee=
    '/J1tJ
    I9J

    (A'W)

    chaajl(khon')

    N com. 1. man. 2.

    rikan'---chyach/iad'thajl (of) American citizen-

    male (of people only). --Opp. VI{U~. mals). --Syn.

    ---Chiefly in compounds . ..., .-Dist. 2. lil1~ male (of ani NOTE. Theusualterm as below, but in special

    61'wtJLJ11iiV1~ s~nniooad'cMad' N the League of


    Nations.

    ...,
    'lJ

    v;'l>J-.

    for "man" is cases 'If 1 tJ example.


    1;
    A

    t:J'Ii1tJ,

    "' 8 -1 F1 n 1 :l 61 VI'\J :1::; '(] 1 'If 1 ~ ?onkaan' sahaprachaach/iad'


    N the United Nations Organization (LN, UNO).

    occurs alone, as in the following

    LeJ'WV1~ ?oonch.1ad' to become naturalized, to


    change one's citizenship.
    L8'W b~'W 'IJ eJ ~ '(] 1 ~ ?oon'penkh:'bnch.1adl to nation-

    o 'fHVIb\!-1bb6'l::;V1tJ tMnjin'-lechaajl both men and women.


    n :1 ::;'YJ1'/J1tJ ('W 1tJ, A'W) krathaa'chaajl (naajl, khon')

    alize.
    '111~ 11 ('C.i1~) cMad'{cMad'}

    N a man. An old word, used only jokingly .

    ...,,

    N (a}life.

    F1'UV6i'li1tJ kh6bchUu'-suu'chaajl V (a woman) to


    'll'll

    '(] 1 ~ eJ'W chliadk:,;:,nl (one. s) previous life, exist-

    have a lover or lovers, have men.


    F1 1 1 :J.J b~ 'W 'If 1 tJ khwaampenchaaV N masculinity.

    ence.

    146

    b'11'1f1rl

    "'

    (eJHI)

    c.1wchaajl (?ou/)

    N prince. N able-

    hf:u/)

    N beach.

    '1f1rl9Wn'1

    "'

    (fl'W)

    chaajchakan/ (khon/)

    fleJrlV'lrl h;,jchaaj/ V 1. to saunter along (e.g. when speed is needed). sV 2. saunteringly.

    bodied adult man (approx. 18-30 yrs. old). '1f1rlhlil


    '

    ( Fl'W) chaajsood/ (khon/)

    N bachelor. N young man,

    '1! 1 U
    '1f1U

    m chaaj/ V to decline, be in descent (of the

    '1f1rlVI'WJ.J ( Fl'W) chaajnum/ (khon/) q a youth. 'W 1 ~'If 1 rJ

    afternoon sun).

    c.: chaaj/ V to blow gently (of the wind).


    in

    "'

    ( Fl'W) n:S:ltJChaajl (khon/)

    N 1. younger

    LVUV'lU choojchaajl V idem.

    brother. 2. slang m. s p. (younger) partner, bud, buddy (in addressing someone).


    'Uiil~V'lrl
    q

    ~ 1 rJ

    l~~ 1 U .

    Variant of

    1~1 ~,

    used to repre-

    sent a long-drawn-out pronunciation of the second syllable.


    '1!1U1,~~~--

    (fl'W) budchaajl (khon/)


    'IJ

    N eleg. son,

    male child. -Syn. &1n'lf1rl j;.j'lf1rl


    'IJ

    com. N 1. man. 2.

    chaajaa/, phnichaajaa/ N roy. wife,


    I

    ( Fl'W) phtluchaaj/ (khon/)

    consort. '111611 ('111&11


    ,bb'li!~)

    male (of people).

    chaalaa/ (chaalaa/, hf:u/)

    "' "' o blilnj;.j'lf1rl


    'IJ

    ( Fl'W) degph1luchaajl, -phuu- (khon/) -Also bAn'lf1rl.

    platform (for a railroad station, or between two palace buildings; normally not for a house).
    '

    boy, lad.
    ~1rl'lf1rl

    '

    faajchaajl N 1. the man's side. 2.

    'V 1 'W '1! 1 611 , '11 1 'W '111 611 6i D1 iJ ('If 1 'W '111 ~ 1 , bb 'li! ~ ) chaan::;
    chaalaa/, chaanchaalaa/ sathaanii/ (chaanchalaa/, hf:u/) N (railroad) station platform.

    men's, male.
    ~'1f1rl
    d

    ( Fl'W) phtichaaj/ (khon/)

    N 1. older

    brother. 2. slang m. s p. (older) partner, bud, buddy (in addressing someone).


    b~A'lf1rl ph~edchaaj/

    '1! 11- . Bound stem meaning "inhabitant of, dweller


    in," and placed in front of nouns to form noun derivatives. NOTE. All nouns in the subentries below take Fl'W as their elf. unless otherwise

    N male sex; masculine

    gender.
    b~eJ'W'1!1rl
    d

    (Fl'W) ph~anchaaj/(khon/)

    N male

    marked and

    ( Fl'W)

    is therefore omitted.

    friend. fln'lf'lrl
    'IJ

    '1f'W'lf1 1 eJ~ nb)~ chonchaaw/?aukrld/ N the British N son. -+Syn. people, Englishmen. '111 1 n ~ lJ..in l chaawkammak:l:ln/ N laborers, N grandson, workers. '111 1 n ~ ~ chaawkruu/ N city people. 9 N 1. edge,
    '1f1Hn1~ chaawk~?/

    (Fl'W) Wugchaaj/ (khon/) eleg.

    'Uiil~'lf1rl q

    V1611'W'lf1rl nephew.

    (Fl'W) laanchaaj/(khon/)

    'l.i1rl iEl ('1!1rl,bb1~) chaaj/ (chaajl,hf:u/)

    N islanders.

    rim, border, periphery. 2. at the edge of, beside, near, along. V 3. to saunter by, saunter up. '1f1rlfl1 ('lf'lrlfl'l) chaajkhaa/ (chaajkhaa/) N

    '1111 b"'J1'1f111ilJU chaawkhaw/chaawd:l:lj/ N elab. colloq. mountain people. -+Also '1!11 b'~'l.

    '111 1 Fl~~ chaawkhami?/ N members of a group, of an association. 'l.i 11 ~'W chaawciin/ N a Chinese; the Chinese. N border,

    eaves. 'l.i1rlbblil'W ( bb1~) chaajdew/ (hf:u/) frontier. '111 rJ lil'l chaajtaa/ V to glance sidewise. ' V1rl'll~ b&l ( bb1~) chaajthalee/ (hf:u/) N seashore.

    '1! 111i16111il chaawtalaad/ N an unrefined, common


    person. '1!1 1 Iii~-)''W Iii n chaawtawantog/ erner. N Occidental, West-

    'l.i1rlrY~

    ( bb~~) chaajfau/ (hf:u/)

    N coast, shore;

    '1f111il~-J'WeJeJn chaawtawan?~:lg/ N Oriental, Easterner. '1!1 1 lil1 ~'lh ~ b'llA chaawtaauprath@ed/ N foreigner.
    '

    bank, edge (of river). "' 1 ~ ( bb1' ~ ) chaajmyau/ (hf:u/) '11 1 rJ bJ.J

    N the edge

    of town, i.e. the inside edge of a city or town. -+Dist. 'l.i'1'Wb~1~. V1rJV111il
    (V1rl'li!11il,bb'lil~) chaajhaad/ (chaajhaad/,
    '

    V 1 1 l 'YW chaawthajl N a Thai; the Thai.


    '111 'l'W 1 chaawnaa/ N farmer, rice farmer. '1f11'U1'Wchaawb.1an/ N l. villager, commoner,

    "'

    '1111-

    147

    the common folk. 2. neighbor.


    'ii11'U TW Sl'Wiil611 fil chaawMan"-nian"talaad" N

    cient.
    V1'W 1b1J chamnaan/ V to be skillful, expert in, ex-

    e lab. colloq. the whole neighborhood.


    'ii11'U:l'W1 chaawbuuraphaa/ N eleg., lit. EastOJ

    perienced in.
    .._,

    Fl11:J.J-- experience, expertise .

    r.J-OJ

    an expert. [conv. f. '111b1! ]

    erner, Oriental.
    '1111 'lJ :l ::; :J.J ~ chaawpramou" N fisherman. '1111 'lJ 1 chaawpaa" N a person living in the wilds,
    '

    V1oWV1'W 1b1J chamnf?lchamnaan' V to be skillful. V1oW,--V1'W1b1J chamnf?/, chamnf?/chamnaan' V to

    be skillful, experienced in.


    V1~::;

    e.g. a hunter.
    'ii11'W:l:::'WFl:l chaawphnimikh;:,::m" N an inhabitant

    chamni?l V 1. to rinse, purify, cleanse, clear up. 2. to pay .

    of Bangkok, the Bangkokians.


    '1111 'W'W b:J.JeH chaawphtynmyau" N native, native
    J" "'

    ns:::fil1~V1S::;

    ..,

    '

    (:J.J1'W,bbr.J'W)

    kradaad'chamra?t

    (muan', phn')
    ~

    N toilet paper (muan' for a roll;

    inhabitant.
    '1111 b eJ ~ chaawmyau" N 1. native, native inhab-

    phn" for a sheet).


    V1S:::file:Jn L'Ut.J chamra?td:,;:,gbta" to pay interest. 'lf1 s :::Vl'W chamra?lnti" to pay a debt.
    ~

    itant. 2. townspeople.
    '1111 t.1 1 s'lJ chaawjuroob" 9

    N a European.

    r.J e:J'WV1 S::; Vl'W ph~;:,n'-chamra?lnti' to pay a debt

    '

    '1111 b~ eJ chaawrya" N seafarer. '11111 s''ii11'W 1 chaawctj"chaawnaa" N e lab.

    in installments.
    V1 :l fil chamrud" V to be damaged, become damaged, 9

    colloq. farmers.

    -+See 1;'W1.

    get out of order, be defective. -+Comp.


    V1 LS 1 chamraw' V to rape. V1LLSn chamrteg' V to penetrate.

    n;fil.

    '11 11L61 n chaawWog" N inhabitants of the earth. '11 11611 'W chaawsi:ian" N gardener (e.g. truck gar-

    -+Comp. LL'Yl~n,

    dener), orchardist.
    '11 11 bV!C eJ chaawnya" N Northerner.

    u"lln.
    V1 L~ eJ ~ chamlyau" V to glance sidewise. V1LLV!61::; chaml,?/ V to cut, slice (esp. meat).
    <lJ chf?l, chi'

    eJ1

    cham" V h or t. to start a slip, a cutting, by soaking temporarily in a pot before planting.

    E excl. of contempt, hatred, anger.

    '11'1 l1.

    See entries below. N dry foodstuff, food suscep'tJ eJ i bLVl ~

    V~

    chin' V 1. to snatch away (from another). 2. to contest for. 3. to compete, vie.

    'tJ eJ ~ V1 kh:J;:,ucham"

    tible of storage. -+Also


    S 1'WV1

    V~ Vt.J

    chiuchaj" V 1. to fight (competitively).

    "'

    ( ~ 1'W) niancham" (raan")

    "'

    N grocery

    2. to compete for victory (as in a battle).

    store. In Thailand this is normally a store which sells dry or storable foodstuff only.
    eJ1 ch.1m" v
    '

    V~ iii"1Lb'Vl~ ~

    chiutamnu" V to compete for a title

    (as in sports).

    to be satisfied, gratified, full. khuj"-kanjaaucMm"caj"

    ~V ~ tii'chin' V to assault and rob (someone).


    <lJ ~ lfl in

    Flt.Jrl'We:J~ 1 ~J11~
    9

    V~ V~

    chin chan" V to hate, abhor, detest,

    chatted to (their) heart's content. o


    d!t.JJ1l'lJ b61t.J sfach.1m"pajlaaj" to one's full

    loathe.

    V~ J1

    ( 8'W) chiucMa" (?an')

    N swing (for swinging).

    ,,

    satisfaction. L~'UJ1,- -J11 ~ cebcMm", cebcMm"mimcaj" V to feel hurt, have one's feelings hurt.
    .._,

    Vfil chid" V to be close, near, nearby. 1 n ;Vfil

    'lf1 cham" V to be bruised.

    kl~jchid"

    V to be near, close, intimate.

    ilfilVfil midchid' completely, entirely, closely,

    .._,

    tightly (covered, wrapped, hidden). elt.J 1 i-idem.


    V'W

    "U1WJ1,'lf1'ileJn ch5;:,gcMm", chamch5;:,g/ V to be

    bruised.

    chin' N lead (mineral).

    J11~ .._,

    chamcaj" V to feel hurt.

    V'W lfl chin/ V to be used to (it), get used to (it) . LFl tJ V'W khaajchin" V to be familar (with), accus-

    ~n'lf1 f6gcha.m' V to be bruised, bruised and

    swollen.
    '1!1'118 ~ cMmch;:,;:,n' V to be expert, skillful, profi'

    tomed (to).

    Fl11:J.J-- familiarity, habit.

    .ff'W

    chin' C 1. piece (of anything whole), hence elf.

    148

    for pieces of clothing, furniture, bread, meat, bones, work (a specific task), etc. N 2. s 1 a ng lover, sweetheart. L~'W~'W L~'W el'W penchfn.!pen?an.t V e 1 a b. co 11 o q. to be a good, solid piece; to be well organized, well constructed. eJ tJ 1 ~ - well, solidly.

    pay no attention; to refuse to listen. 2. to refuse to be answerable for the consequences (e.g. after a warning has been ignored).

    V'W

    chtib.f, chtibpha:::: N restricted life. -+U sually v1111.


    d
    ;"!

    -..seealso
    cJ ..,

    v1V'W.

    A~ eJ ~ V'W khr:J:Jt]chtib.f V to make a living.


    LA~ eJ ~ V'tl'W
    'U

    ~'W'li~1~'W

    chfn.!plaaman.t colloq. the best part

    ( b A~ eJ ~ , 'tflil , eJ'W) kh!Janchuuchtib.f 9

    of things, the juiciest, most desirable portion.

    (kh!Jan.t, chud.f, ?an.t)

    N life preserver.

    V'W hi in A1 ~ 'W 1 V'W 'hi saadsawla .f chintoo.f il:w chim/ V to taste, to take a taste of, to ..,
    -+Syn. ~:w.
    (
    .., 'U
    o'

    N Shinto. sample.

    ~9 61V'W ( M1) cunlachtib.f (tua.f) N microbe. [trans.


    f. Eng.]

    V'W ~ ~

    chtibphac;:,::m.t N pulse, heartbeat.

    ~'ll) chii.f (ril.ub.f) N ascetic (of either sex).


    '~~

    o ~'\.JV'W~ ~ dtb.fchtibphac;:,;:,n.f to take the pulse .


    A'\.JV'W dabchtib.f V 1. eleg. todie. sV 2. dead.

    V111'W ( eJ ~A , s tJ) chiit6n.f (?on.t, ril.ub.f)

    N (Bud-

    dhist) priest.
    'W 1 ~

    3. colloq. awfully, murderously. N e 1 e g. nun. ples see cross reference.

    --.Forexam-

    V (A'W )

    naanchii/ (khon.t)

    --.s y n. See

    LL~V com.
    N nun. -..s y n. tJ 1 tJ V, 'W 1 ~ V.

    :W~fil,1V'W mfdchAa.fchtib.f N illegal or wrong means


    of making a living.
    ; J.JVV'W
    '~~

    v v

    LL~V m~echii"
    l!:l

    in in

    ~nv (111'\.J) pMgchii.f (t6n.f) N coriander.


    ~1

    ( ~'W)

    r6m.fchuuchtib.f (phtyn.t)

    N para-

    v (el'W, ~ 1) fAachii/ (?an.t, faa .f)

    N a

    chute. LrfftJ

    mesh cover placed over a dish of food as protection against flies and other insects. It is usually conical in shape and made of wire, bamboo, or rattan.

    ~ V'W, '1'11- -

    1ianchtib.t, Ma.tlfanchtib.f V to

    make a living.

    i'WV'W
    ;"!
    ~

    stnchtib.f V to die.
    '

    V1-, V'J:;-. Bound form mng. "life"; translates "bio- ."

    V
    ~

    !:

    in

    LL~J1v m~emiamchii/

    pN the Chi (Ji) River,

    'tJ

    1 LAJ.J chii/wakhee.fmii.f N biochemistry.

    a tributary of the Mun R. in NE Thailand. chfi/ V to point, point at, point out.

    iJ 1 tJ s d'~ chii/waprawad.t N life history, V1 1rw 1 chii/wawidthajaa.t N biology.


    V'J1 in ili11111V11

    biography.

    L~:W~

    ( el'W)

    kh~mchii/

    (?an.!)

    N pointer, indi-

    miichiiwfd.lchiiwaa.t elab. colloq.

    cator.

    to be lively, spirited, animated.


    V1111 ( V1111) chiiwid.t (chiiwfd.!)

    ~'iJ 1lil chfi/khaad.f V to make a final decision. .ffLL~ ~ chficeen.t V to explain, make clear. o Ao1~LL~ ~ ( 'iJ eJ) kham.fchficeen.t (kh~;:,.f) explanation.

    N life .

    A1 tJ n n n'WV1111 (A 1 tJ 'LL~~)
    (kh.aj.f, hn.t)

    kh.ajkagkan.fchiiwfd/

    N concentration camp.

    V1111 A~ 8'\.J A i'1 chiiwfd.!khr~;:,bkhrua.f N family life. V1111V1 1 in :i:Ji'J1111V1 1

    ~~ eJ ~
    o

    chficMn.t V to point the way, to guide,

    miichiiwfd.lchiiwaa.t elab.

    counsel, advise.

    co 11 o q. to be lively, spirited, animated. idem.


    iJ1111111; chiiwfd.!wfwaa.t N married life. 1Jv1111 ( 8~ 1 ~, 1 ;) cMjchiiwid.f to live one's life,

    ~~eJHI1~ chii/ch~t]thaan.t

    '-'..,

    V111 1 chfi/tua.f V to identify, point at (a person).

    ~~8

    chfimyy.f V colloq. to point, point one's -+Also

    spend one's life (as, like such and such, in such and such a manner (jaan.t); for such and such a purpose (Mj.f).
    LAlilV1111 dect.fchiiwfd.l V lit.,eleg. tokill.

    finger.

    ~1; __

    elab. colloq.

    .ff'VI~ 1

    chii/n.a.f V 1. to shake one's finger at

    (in reproach). 2. to point right at (e. g. the culprit) .

    tJ s:: rl'WV1111 prakan.tchiiwfd.l V 1. to insure one's


    nfwchfi/ (nfw.!) N index finger, life. N 2. life insurance.
    'li~::Vl1~V1111 praMan.fchiiwfd/ V eleg. 1. to

    .ff1 ~ ( .ff1)
    'U

    forefinger.

    1~;1~~ m.jruu.fm.jchfi/

    elab. colloq. 1. to

    execute, put to death. 2. to be executed.

    -+S y n.

    149
    1. See
    :J.J

    1 com.

    n 1 s"'lil~EJ

    ( LL~'W,

    1'U} kaadch~'

    (phf:n', bajl) N
    v

    :fl~~l?l miichiiwfd' V 1. to be alive, be living.


    2. colloq. to be lively.

    colloq. calling card. -Now usually 'W1:W'Ul?IS.


    [ n 1 s lil f. Eng.]

    -Ant. 1.

    l111t.l.

    :'t
    i;i

    l1) :WtJ '.ll?l slu'-(thti)mii' chiiwfd' living

    cl

    ""."'!~

    ~'W~el

    kh?nchJy' V colloq. 1. to be famous,

    things.

    well- known, popular, have a reputation. 2. to be mentioned or talked about often.

    ;1~~1l11 laau'chiiwfd' V to kill, destroy. 1 ;~~l?l wajlchiiwfdl v to spare the life (of). ~'W~~l?l stnlchiiwfdl V to die.
    L ~t.l~~l?l sla'chiiwfdl V to lose one's life, to die. LVl'W~~l?l Mn'chiiwfdl V to have seen life, be

    ~Eli'.l
    ~elL ~'W ~EJ 8 n Gl
    q

    ( ~el) ( ~el}
    ( ~EJ}

    ch?Ytua'

    (ch~')

    first name, given

    name. chJyl@nl (ch?Y') N nickname. N family name,

    ch~sakun'

    (ch?Y')

    experienced about life or living.


    L eJ 1~1l11 ?aw'chiiwfdl V to take a life, to kill.

    surname.

    --+Usually 'W 1:W8n~. q

    Lel1~1l11aellil ?awchiiwfd'r~Jd' to save one's own


    life.
    Vlil chJyd' V to be tasteless.

    ~EJ b ~t.J ~ ch?Ysiau' N fame, reputation, name. o :fl~EJ L ~u ~ miichJysiau' to be well known, famous, famed.

    LoTI'W~el

    sench?Y' V to sign, sign one's name. eleg. name

    L~'WVIil jenchJyd' V to be stone cold, cold and


    tasteless (of food which should be served hot).

    ~~~EJ com., LoTI'W'W1:W,~nn:w 1;~EJ ( 11) d~jch?Y'(w~a') V 1. to get the


    -syn. (of), hence to be considered, regarded as.
    l?l HJEJ ( 1VI)
    1:; d,

    ~'W

    chJyn' V 1. to be glad, cheerful, happy, pleased. 2. to be pleasant, charming.

    of, be called, named. 2. to have gained the name


    ...,

    ~'WL6l

    chJyncajl V 1. com. to please, delight.

    t~uchJy'(Mj:=)

    V to name, give a

    2. to be pleased, delighted. 3. to be pleasant, charming, refreshing. 4. co 11 o q. to kiss, hug (a loved one, in order to refresh, satisfy oneself). N 5. sweetheart (used by lovers, by parents to children). -Also 1-4.
    c<d

    name (to).

    r.l1n~EJ faagch~'
    :W'ilel
    miich~/

    idiom.

    to leave a good r.ame

    behind for oneself. to be well known, famous, famed.

    ~'Wi:ln~'WL6l.

    ~'W'CJ:W, 'CJ:W~'W chJynchoml, chomchJyn' V admire,


    be delighted (with), pleased (with).

    :fl~EJ 1~ ~Iii'~ miich~'-doou'dau' com. to be widely known, renowned. -Syn. :fl'W1:WL~~ii eleg. S 1 t.J~el raajch~' N list of names, roll, register.
    -Syn. S1t.J'W1d-J
    L St.Jn~EJ

    ~'W'U 1'\J chJynbaan/ V to

    be cheerful, happy.

    eleg. V 1. to call the name (of).

    Fl 'J 1 :W- - pleasure, delight, happiness.

    rtagch~'

    ~'Wi:ln~'WL6l chJyn?og'chJyncajl. See mngs. under ~'W L6l above. ~:W~'W chfimchJyn' V 1. to be happy, joyful.
    q

    1-4 6l 2.

    2. to call the roll.

    ~ ~el ~ el~el

    louch?Y' V to sign, sign one's name. lyych?Y' V 1. (people, everyone) to talk

    to be pleasant, refreshing.

    about (it), spread (it) around. 2. to be famous,


    d d. "' widelyspokenof. -Also LfleJHielfleJ'W1d-J.

    LL~:W~'W Blil~'W

    chtmchJyn' V to be pleasant, cheerful,

    joyful. sodchJyn' V to be fresh, lively, cheerful. Fl 11 :W- -

    L ~t.l~el

    slach?Y' V to spoil one's reputation, lose

    one's (its) good name.

    ~'W

    chYJ'n' V to be damp, moist, humid. humidity.

    'lin chug' V to be abundant.

    '

    'lfmfJ-J chugchum' V 1. to be plentiful, abundant.

    L6l ~'W cajchyyrn' V to be cheerful, carefree; to

    ' '

    sV 2. plentifully, in abundance (esp. animals).

    be relieved.

    r.l 'W 'If n , r.l 'W l?l n 'If n fi5nchugl, fi5ntog' chUg' it's raining

    ~'WLLQ:::
    ~el
    ( ~el)

    chyYfich(;?/ V to be damp, wet (as weath-

    a lot; it rains a lot, there's lots of rain.


    'lflil chud' C elf. for a suit (e.g. of clothing), suite

    '

    '

    er on a rainy day).

    ch~'

    (chJy')

    N com. 1. name. V 2.

    '

    (of furniture), set (e.g. of ornaments, glassware, books), deck (of cards); for a committee, cabinet

    to be named. -Syn. 1. 'W1:W eleg.

    150 {of ministers); for a team. o Flbi!::::S~J.J'WiilS'I.ilili;1~A:iUJ khanaradthamontrii/:::: .. 9 chud'si5ukhraam 1 war-time cabinet. o 'lflil ~ 1lil S ( 'l.ilil) chlid'raatrii' (child')
    ' 9

    'IJ:Wii'W ch0mch9)rnl V 1. to be happy, joyful. 2.


    9

    '

    to be pleasant, refreshing.
    '
    9

    ...,

    'IJ:WV'W ch!lmchyY"n' V to be wet, soaked, moist,

    N eve9

    damp.

    ning dress, evening wear {for both men and women).


    ~

    ~:W 1'lln
    6

    chDmch6og' V to be soaking wet, drenched.

    0:W'W:W chumnuml V 1. to gather together, assemble,


    9 9

    o 'l.ilil LVltJ 1 chlidj~w' N home team. 9

    ,,

    congregrate, concentrate (in one place). C 2. (political) party, group; collection; assembly, gathering.
    9 9

    L'IJ 1 'l.f[jj L'IJ 1 ~ eJ EJ kh~wchud'kh.1wr:J:Jj' V e lab.


    9

    colloq. to fit (in with a set, a series), to match.


    'l.i'W
    9 9

    -Cf. 'IJ:w. 9

    n 1 :i '1Jd-J'WJ.J't1Vl1 s kaanchumnum'thaM.an' N troop

    chun 1

    V to darn (mend). 2.
    to

    concentration. plate
    'IJ:W'W:W'IJ'W
    9 9

    'I.ILJ chub' V 1. to dip, be dipped in.

    ( n 61 d-J ''l.i:J.J'W:W)
    9 9 9

    chumnumchon' (kluml,

    (metal), to gild. 3. to quench (steel), harden (steel) by quenching.


    'I.ILJiJ11il chlib'chiiwfd' V to brighten (one's) life.
    9

    chumnum') N a concentration of people. , o bb'Vl61 ~'IJ:J.J'W:W'IJ'W lu'chumnumchon 1 congested 9 9 area, populous area.
    'I9 J:W'W :W b :i eJ ~ i;1'W chumnum'rJaus~n' N an anthology 9
    d
    !:;

    'l.iLJrJ'd chubtua' V 1. to dip, immerse oneself in 9

    liquid. 2. to bathe oneself by taking a fast dip. 3. to immerse oneself in magical water in order to acquire supernatural powers or to improve oneself. 4. to acquire prestige in one's own society by visiting a prestige area (e.g. by going abroad). 5. to restore oneself to good standing.
    'l.i'U'tleli chlibth:J:JU' V togild.
    9
    9 9

    of short stories.
    'fl'IJd-J'W:W't1Vl1 :i
    9 9

    ( bb'Vl~)

    thti'-chumnum'thah<lan 1

    (heu')
    9 9

    N assembly point for troops.

    ' :i 1:W'IJ:W'W:W rflam'chumnum' V to congregate,

    gather together.
    'IJ:W'W :i chumph;:,;:,nl pN Chumphqn, a township in S , 'I.IEJ,
    9

    Thailand.
    'IJEJ
    9

    "l ch(ljl, chfljch(ljl V 1. to be of poor grade.

    'l.i1J'W'1 chubnaam' V to moisten with water, dip

    sV 2. of poor grade, untidily, sloppily, carelessly, haphazardly, cursorily.


    'IJ61J.J'W chunlamun' V 1. to mill around (as a crowd).
    9 9

    into water.
    'I.ILJEI eJJ.J chubj:SJm' V to enliven, give new vigor to.
    9 ...,

    'I9.ILJ L~ El ~ chublfau' V to foster, raise, rear (esp.

    sV 2. helter- skelter, pell- mell, in confusion. Fl 1 1 :l.J- 6

    children who are not one's own).


    'IJLJ1 ;~iJ11il chlib'Mjmiichiiwfdl to bring to life, 9
    'U

    commotion, confusion.
    .eJ
    ~

    J chuu' V to raise, lift, elevate, boost.


    b 1'1 s el.~ 'll'u'W
    ocu

    animate.
    'IJJ.J chum' V 1. to be abundant, plentiful. C 2. elf. 9

    :c)

    ( b Fl ~ eJ ~, eJ'W, 'olil)
    '-\

    khrJauchuuchtib'

    {khrJau'. ?ani, chud')

    N life preserver.

    for an ensemble of flutes.


    9 9

    -.Cf. 'IJ:J.J'Wd-J, tJ :i:::; 0JJ . 9 9 9


    6

    'llnolGl~ chuu'kamlau' V to be invigorating, bracing, 'U


    strengthening.
    'IJA eJ chuu 1 kh;:,;:,l V to hold one's head proudly
    'U

    'IJn'IJ:w chugchum' V 1. to be plentiful, abundant.

    sV 2. plentifully, in abundance (esp. animals).


    'IJJ.J'IJ'W 9 ( n6l J.J) chumchon' {klum') 9
    ' '

    N an assem'U

    erect.
    '11 :i 8 chuur6d' V to bring out, enhance the flavor.

    blage of people.
    'IJ:wm i

    '

    ( LLVli) chumthaau' (hEu')

    N road june-

    bVlil'll ch~8dchuu'
    ..., ._,'U 'U

    V to lift up, raise, boost, glorify.

    tion, crossroads.
    ( LL~~) chumtpaau'r6dfajl {heu 1 )
    '

    'W'1i;1:W81EJ'I.i nams5m's<lajchuu' N vinegar.

    ~J.Jm -1 Hil ~
    d

    ~JJ'IJV'W
    '~~

    (N'W)

    r6mlchuuchtibl(phyYn')

    N para-

    N railroad junction.
    'IJ:W'W61 in rJ'IJ:W'W61
    9 9

    chute. thti/chumphon' (htu')


    '11 ( Fl'W) chuu 1 (khon')
    'U

    ( Lb'Vli)

    N adulterer, paramour, lover

    N assembly point for troops.


    'IJJ-J chflm' V to be wet, soaked, moist, damp.
    9

    (usually ref. to a man; used when extra-marital relations involve a married woman).

    '

    151
    fl'U'IJ&i'IJ1t.J kh6bch(m1-suu'chaaj" V (a woman)
    'U'U

    J 1-Yi b'IJ'W ?aathf?lch~n' notably (such and such

    '

    to have a lover or lovers, to have men.


    b ~ 1 'I] c~wchuu' V to be flirtatious, be a flirt
    'U

    persons). NOTE. This expression is placed in front of a list of names, with the name of the most important person given first.
    b'I.It.J
    C9J

    (of either sex); to be a "wolf" (of a man). fl'W-flirt.


    "-'
    "-'

    chddjl V 1. to touch gently, lovingly, chuck

    o 'l'h b ~ 1 'I] tham'c~wchuu' to act like a flirt,


    'U

    (under the chin). sV 2. gently (of the wind blowing). 3. s 1 a ng to be behind the times, unfashionable, silly, stupid.
    'IJ:w b'IJt.J chomchddjl V to admire, praise, com-

    like a "wolf."
    b.U'WJ penchuu' V to be adulterous (usually ref.
    'U

    to a man) .
    :w'IJ miiGhuu' V (a married woman) to be adulter'U

    .,."-'

    pliment.
    b'IJt.J 'IJ:w chddjchom' V 1. to admire, praise. 2.

    ous, have a lover.


    b61'W'IJ l~nchuu' V (a woman) to commit adultery.
    'U

    to fondle, caress tenderly.


    b'IJt.J ll in 'l.flil b'IJt.J ch6dchddjl V to replace what is

    b~fl

    C9J

    (l'U) cheg'(baj")

    N check. [f.Eng.]

    :ff'W b

    BA

    kh9ncheg' V to cash a check.


    b'IJiii t.J
    '"

    lost, to compensate.
    ( fl'W)

    bVfl lfl cheg' [f. Eng.] See entries below. bflHH'Vl:W1t.J b'IJA khrya:gm~ajcheg' N a check
    d

    chalddV (khon')
    'IJ~ biiW

    N captive, prisoner FS.

    (of war). -Also

    mark.
    bVA b J

    A1t.Jnn b'I.Iiiit.J
    cheg'?awwaj" V to check (something) hf::g')
    b'I.Iiiit.JAn

    ( A11.J,

    Lb'Vl~) kMajlffig'chalddV (kMajl,


    N captive,

    1l;

    N prisoner-of-war camp.
    ( fl'W)

    off, make check marks (next to something).


    b'I]~ chee:o' V co 11 o q. to be beautiful, attractive.
    b'IJ~ 'd'U cheeu'wab' to be very beautiful.

    chalddjsyg' (khon')

    "

    prisoner of war.
    b'IJ'cl-~ 'U ~-"d- ch~ed'thaburild' N e leg. a great states.. 9 9

    "

    b~lil ched' V 1. to wipe, wipe off (so as to clean).


    2. to wipe away (tears).
    d "-'

    man.
    ' b'I] 1 chftw' V to rent, i.e. to take (property) on a

    -Dist.

    1Yiil, 'l.l11il.

    'l1bodlilb'l11

    (~'W) thtilchedtMaw' (phyYI1') N


    ( ~'W) ph.achedtua' (phY"Yn')

    door mat.
    ; 1 bodlil rl'd
    '

    rental basis. ' ' fl1 b'I] 1 khftachftw' N the rent, the rental fee.
    b'IJ 1 'IJ'd ~ chftwchila:gl V to take a sublease. boU1;ffJ chftws)lyl V to buy on the installment plan,
    '
    '

    N towel,

    bath towel.
    b'IJ'W ch~nl* for instance, such as, like. Often func-

    to buy as one rents. HH oU 1 ( A'W) rented car. r6dcMw' (khan') N 1. taxi. 2.

    tions as a limited type of elf. meaning "way,


    I

    '-'

    manner," as in
    '

    b'IJ'W'W'W, b'IJ'W'iJ

    below.

    b'IJ'W b At.J ch~n khddV as usual. boU'WbAt.J'drl'U


    '
    ~

    1; b
    ~

    oU 1

    MjcMw' V 1. to let, rent out. 2. to be

    ch~ndiaw'ka:;

    1. the same as. 2.

    for rent.
    b'IJ 1 chaaw'* C 1. morning, early morning.

    in the same way as.


    b'IJ'W'W'W cMnnan' like that, (in) that way. -Comp.
    ~ Q~'W'W

    V 2.

    to be morning, early morning. 3. to be early (with respect to some expected or appointed time in the morning). sV 4. early (in the morning). -Opp. " "
    'U

    b'IJ'W'iJ cMnnfi' like this, (in) this way. -Comp.


    J( Q~'W.

    '

    "-'

    &i1t.J lfl.

    boU'W . b.;J'W;'W

    ch~n' ... penteln'

    for example,

    such as ... for example. NOTE. This expression is used to encompass a list of whatever is being exemplified.
    b'IJ'W introduces the list and
    '

    b'IJ1RS

    b'IJ1Lbiil'diil~ '

    chaaw'lb:wla?l It's morning.

    chaawtruu' N the early morning, dawn;


    '

    very early (in the morning). o I.J1:Wb'I.Illlls jaam'chaawtruu' N theearlymorn'U

    b.U'W;'W follows it: "such as


    '

    ( boU'W) apples,
    "-'

    ing; early in the morning. morning.


    J(

    1'W--

    in the early

    '" "-' oranges, and bananas, for example (b'lJ'WR'W)."


    b'IJ'W 'd 1 ch~nwfta' as mentioned.
    '

    b'IJ 1'W chaaw'nfi' this morning.

    152
    b'ti1 611rJ 'U1rJ
    k~d:taj/

    '" nl111 " " cMaw/ saaj/ baaj/ jen/ brJ'W

    foothills, the foot of a hill.


    6.tJ i dirJ'W ( el'W)

    -s y n.

    M'W 6'tJ 1 com.

    any time during the day: "early morn-

    chaauthian/ '?an/)

    N candlestick.

    ing, late morning, afternoon, evening."

    b.Vi'lJ'Wllll chaaubandaj/ N foot of the stairs. b.Vb11 chaan/ V 1. to invite. AA 2. please (do such

    " "' chaawm?Yd/ N the very early morning b't11:J.Ji!l


    (while still dark).
    lii8'W b't11 tJJnchaaw/ in the morning.
    d

    and such), come and (do such and such).


    ~

    -Syn.

    "'

    'W:J.J'Wiil sacer.
    '-'

    lii'WL'ti1 t)rynchaaw/ to get up early. ' "' Lblil 6 'ti1 th:cMaw/ early in the morning.
    'd "'

    "'

    o o

    b.Vb11 b'tJ 1 :J.J 1 chaan/kh.wmaa/ l Please come in!


    b.Vb11 .. oV chaan/ ... sf, chaan/ ... st go ahead

    'tln 6 'ti1 thugchaaw/ every morning. b:J.J 8 b't11 m1achaaw/ this morning (prior to pre-

    and (do such and such), come on and (do such and such), won't you please (do such and such), etc. o
    bVb11Yl1 i'W chaan/thaaunii/l This way, please. ( A'1, QD'U)
    a'

    sent).
    L:J.J -1 bJ1 moouchaaw/ colloq. 7 A.M., seven

    Ft1 b Vbll

    khamchaan/ (kham/, chaffib/)

    o'clock in the morning.

    N 1. invitation. 2. request.
    b 8 bVbll chyachaan/ V to invite.
    boVill ch::lad/ V 1. to lift, raise, elevate, exalt.

    t ~ 6'ti1
    "
    '-'

    rOucMaw/ at daybreak.

    :if

    6'J ~ 1 b'ti 1 weelaachaaw/ N morning; in the morning. l'W-'

    2.

    in the morning.

    to be lifted, raised. 3. to activate, control, direct, esp. from behind the scenes.
    b.Vi!l'ti ch::ladchuu/ V to lift up, raise, boost, glorify.
    'IJ"'

    'Jii16'ti1ll'WF1"1 MacMaw/kinkh.m/ V idiom. to

    live from hand to mouth.


    81'Jii1~ b'ti1

    "'

    (:J.J8) ?aaMancMaw/ (myy1)

    d'

    bVI!l'Jii'W1'tili!1 ch::ladn.a/chuutaa/ V elab. colloq.


    'IJ

    eleg. breakfast.
    b'ti 1 'J 'W chaw/ N intelligence; quick wit.

    to enhance the prestige (of).


    b Vi!l~'W cMadhun/ V to make a puppet perform. 'W1 b~'WbVI!l

    d'J ~

    @J

    chaau/ N 1. e leg.

    manner, way; technique;


    '-'

    '

    phaauan/ch::lad/ slang to steal money,

    -wise (e.g. "businesswise"); line (of procedure, action). C 2. idem. -Cf.


    J'W b.tJ ~ 1!11'\J
    @J.

    lift money, run off with money.


    b<\11il,

    b~lil,
    (tua/)

    bVa..lil, bff8--

    Ol'J)

    cMad/, s1acMad/

    , 6.tJ ~ J'W

    ( 8 ~ 1 ~ ) cMnchaau /, chaaucMn/

    N shirt. [f. Eng.]

    (jaau/)
    '-'

    N tactics, strategy, stratagem, trick.

    bVrJ i ~ 1 rJ chiauraaj/ pN Chiangrai, a township in

    bVHf8'W chaaus5Jn/ "complex" as in 611 a'\J a::: n 8'\J b.Vi'ti8'W s~anprakoJb/chaaus:SJn/ chem. bVrJ

    N Thailand.

    11 'Jii~

    chiauma.V pN Chiangmai, the principal

    complex compound.

    township in N Thailand.
    b VtJ'U chtab/ rM intensifier used with 6 ~rJ'U biJrJ'U chfab/ rM intensifier used with b ~'W

    1'W b.tJ ~; 1 1'W b Vi a'1

    najchaau/khaa/ along the lines of doing

    "silent." "cold."

    business, in the business line, businesswise. najchaau/ram/ in the technique of

    -Cf.

    "' b QrJ'U

    l>l.

    dancing, in the dancing line.


    bV'WbVH1'l"W8n penchaau/sabphaj:bg/ inateasing

    b VrJ 'J.. chia/ V to cheer, cheer on, applaud, encourage.

    [f.Eng. "cheer"]
    LVrJ'J

    manner, teasingly.

    chiaw/ colloq. really, very, indeed. traction of

    -Con-

    1~ bV1

    m.jchaau/ not exactly, not quite. stnchaau/ completely, totally, entirely.

    rl b ~rJ 'J

    thiidiaw.-: NOTE. This ex-

    i'W bVi
    V

    pression is emphatic in meaning, and is often best rendered by an emphatic intonation in English. o ; 8i run!
    d "-'

    8 rJ 1 i-- idem.
    b 1 t>J chaau/ N foot, base, lower end, foundation.

    nJ:::filn LV1nn'W kraduug/chaaukraan/ N anat.


    'IJ

    ~ 1 6 VrJ 'J t~uwtu/chiawl

    You really have to

    pelvis.
    6V1 na 1'W chaaukraan/ N 1. portable earthenware

    o 8onlt!bAWJihvrJ'"l ?oJgpajdiawnii/chiawl Go on out, right away!


    b

    fireplace for cooking. 2. short for


    '

    n ~ :-; [il n-- .


    'IJ

    bV1 b'tJ1

    ( bb'Jiii) chaaukhaw/ (heu/)

    N eleg.

    ~rJ 'J

    @J

    chtaw/

    V~ be

    strong, swift, rapid (of

    153
    current of water).

    r~iJnl ~el
    V tobeexperi~-

    magchya' V 1. to ferment. N 2. ba.cte-

    l~F.J'J ~;:J in
    l ~el

    l~ll1'111qjchtawchaan'
    -

    rial or fungous culture. l ~ eJ m in b:ff eJ l Vqj chyach;:J;:Jnl V to invite.

    enced, skillful, expert.

    an expert.

    ch~a' V 1. to believe, believe in. 2. to buy on


    credit, short for 1Yel

    l Vel n ( u1l.J)

    ch~ag' (s~n')

    N 1. rope, cord. C 2.

    l~el.
    1.

    eleg. clf.for elephants, esp. elephants in captivity.

    'll1ll l ~ el

    kM.ajch~a' V to sell on credit. h.J'l>YQ61'/J'J'Wl~el kh6osanaalchuanch9a' N


    propaganda. V 2. to propagandize.
    d
    ~

    b'Vel fll.J 1 1 ch9a'kanw.1a' it is believed that. b~el1 "l ch9acajl V to trust.

    '

    b~e.J~ ch~an' V to be tame, docile, domesticated. l ~ eJ 1 J 1 ch9a:gchaa' V to be slow, sluggish. l ~l! ~ 1~ l ~e.J ~ lfa:g'm.1jch~an' V to be untameable. dJeJfil

    l~elDel ch~athty'
    (in). FI'J1J-J--

    V to believe (in), have faith

    ch~ad' V to cut forcefully, cut with a sawing


    motion (using a knife or similar implement), to slit (i.e. an animal's throat).

    trust, faith.

    -Syn.

    l~elJ-J1~.

    ~rm1.

    b~el'tlell; ch~athty'd.1ajl
    worthy.

    to be reliable, trust-

    bVell.J chyan' V to dawdle, loiter. ll 'If l Vell.J cheechyan' V to be slow, negligent,

    l~el~~ ch~afa:g'
    obey.
    d

    V to heed, pay attention (to),

    dawdling.

    l~elJ-J
    Fl 1 1 J-J--

    C9J

    ch~aml

    V 1. tojoin. 2. tocement. 3. to

    b'Vel J-Jl.J ch~am.1n' V to believe firmly. confidence, conviction, firm belief.

    .u

    solder, vulcanize, weld.

    ~e.J b~e.J s-yych~a' ~ 1 b~e.J n.1ach~a'

    V to buy on credit. V 1. to be convincing, believ-

    able. 2. to be realistic (as a novel).

    l~elJ-J~e.J ch~am't~o' V to connect, join. rl'd b~e.JJ-J tuach~am' N binder, joining agent. l ~e.Jd-.J lB ch9am' V to feel drowsy, lethargic. l ~elJ-J~d-.J ch~amsym' V idem.
    lVe.Jd-.J m ch~am' V 1. to candy, cook in thick syrup. 2. to be candied. f1;1ll
    d

    o 1~~ 1 b~e.J m.1jn.1ach~a' V to be unbelievable,


    incredible. l Vli:l e.J l0e.J lyach~a' V to be unbelievable, incredible, fantastic. b~eJ
    C9J

    "'

    b~e.Jd-.J

    Bkl, ~fl, 1'U, ~~)


    'U

    klt1ajch~am'

    (chfnl,

    lt1ug', baj ' phl>n') dessert. chyacMad' (chya::; -Di st. till ~e.Jd-.J

    N glazed banana, a kind of

    chya' N family line. (

    b~el'/J1~

    b~el'/J1~, brl~1)

    namch~am'

    N syrup.

    ch.1ad', taw') Gib1!'11 1 &i.

    N race, nationality.

    bb'/J chee' V to dawdle, loiter. bl'lflVe.Jl.J cheechyan' V to be slow, negligent, dawdling. ' ll'lf ch~e' V to soak, immerse, steep.

    l~eJ~1E.J
    ants. b~eJ

    chyasaajl N lineage, family, descend-

    ~;:J

    chya' N 1. germ, bacteria. 2. enzyme,

    "' ll'lf' ll!l.J

    ch~e'jen'

    V to put on ice.

    ferment, leaven. In compounds often "agent; essence. " l Ve.J l 'V'l~ ~ chyaphl;:J;:JD' N tech. fuel, combustible substance. o J1ill.J l :ffel b'V'l~ oil. l ~ e.J 1 ~ chyafaj 1 N fuel, combustible substance, kindling.

    ' "' o ~1l.Jbl'l1blll.J :gaan'-ch~e'jen' theworkremains

    cold and untouched, is shelved (sarcastic).


    lilll 'If
    'U

    "

    '

    ( lil) 'U

    tt1uch~e' (t11u') N freezer.

    ll;;'ln chtg' imit., in lwu;;'ln namman'chyaphl;:J;:JD' N fuel bl'/J 1,


    '

    fajchtg' N colloq.

    (cigarette) lighter.
    ~

    1'l.J--

    ch~e:g 1,

    saabcMen' V to curse, invoke

    curses (upon); to revile. bl;;'lfil chtd' rM intensifier used with llfil1 "red."

    l~eJL~FI
    l~eJ'Vliln

    ('lftJfil) chyar6og' (chanfd')

    N germ,

    lb'/Jd-.J ch~m'* See entries below. bl'/Jd-.J'/JeJ lJ ch~mch:5ojl V to be beautiful, cute, charming.

    microbe, bacteria. chyamag' N yeast.

    LL 'ti:W LL 'V:W'V 1
    '
    ~

    '

    154
    ch~mchaal

    V to be slow and graceful. V to be pleasant, cheerful,

    use of, employ. 3. to order, send (someone to do something). 4. to be used (to do something).
    nl~--

    LLti:W~'W ch~mch9)rn'
    joyful.

    use, using, expending.

    A'W-- (see
    N useful -co mp.

    LL'ti:W LdrJ'W chemptan'* N champion. [f. Eng.]

    below).
    'iJ

    hln ch6og' V to be soaking wet.


    ti:w 1 'Un chfimch6og' V to be soaking wet,

    eJ ~ 1 cJ

    ( eJ ~ 1 ~)

    kh5:JucMjl (jaau 1 )

    '

    articles, things to use, utensils.

    drenched.
    V to be thoroughly wet,

    'ileJlrl'W "things to eat."


    "'-'

    1 'Un 1 'ti'W cMogchoon'


    drenched.

    A'W1V ( fl'W) khonchcijl (khon') N


    the user. o

    1. servant.

    2.

    eW 1 ~-- co 11 o q. extensively.
    V to be sopping wet,

    L iJ rJ n 1'Un plagch6og'
    drenched.

    d1nA'W1; ( fl'W) degkhonchajl (khon') N servant boy, servant girl.


    d "'-' '

    ~'Wiiln 1vn f<5ntog'ch6og' it's pouring, raining in


    bucketsful.

    Lfl s eJ ~ 1 V ( eJ rJ 1 ~) khrJaucMjl (jaau') N utensils,


    appliances, equipment.

    1VA ( W 1 ~)

    cMog' (jaau')

    N fortune, luck, merit.

    Vrl1; ch6dchajl

    V to reimburse, repay, pay (for

    1'VA~. ii1'U-- cMogdiil, sob'cMogdii'


    good luck, to be lucky.

    to have

    amount of loss or damage).

    1;n 1 :Jl; chcijkaan'd~ajl


    condition, usable. 3. It worked!

    V 1. to be in working

    DeJ1VADeHl1~ thyyrch6og'thyyrlaau' V elab.


    co 11 o q. to be superstitious.

    2. that's good 1 (said in praise).

    i11'VA miich6ogl V to have good luck, to be lucky.


    L~ rJ

    1;"l 1 tJ

    chajcaaj' V to spend, expend.

    ~ 1VA

    slaucMog' V to take a chance, try

    one's luck.

    kh~achajcaaj' N expenses. 1;V11ll(EI~1~,1;) chcijchiiwfd' toliveone'slife,


    o A11;"l,1tl spend one's life (as, like such and such, in such and such a manner (jaau'); for such and such a purpose (Mjl)).

    1'tlr!, i111-1Vr! V1 rJ

    choojl, phcidchoojl V to blow gently (of -+Comp.


    V1rl
    ~.

    thewind).

    choojchaajl idem.
    V 1. to be so, to be

    1ti (1) cMjl, cMj::::; (2) cMVl


    That's so! Yes!

    hf1;
    1vrh
    "'-'

    chajd~ajl

    V to be serviceable, usable, fair,

    it, be the one (meant, intended). 2. That's it!

    (all) right, valid. chajtham' to be used to make (something).


    "' "'

    1til Vl:W
    o

    cMjmajl L cMjlm<ijl

    expression used"

    1 '111 '\J chajMjl V to communicate by signs, gestures; to signal.

    to convert a statement into a yes-or-no question.

    L'il1:W1LL;11ti1Vl:W? kh~wmaalew'-cMjmaVl
    He has come, hasn't he?

    1;61 n1~

    1;
    It's not

    'U

    chcijlOugmaajl to play tricks.

    b 1 Gil b ~'W'\J S::; :W lblJ Vln'cf'J

    1:w ~ chcijweelaadd~m 1 -

    1~rm1ti1 Vl:W? m~jthuug'- cMjmaVl 'U


    correct, is it?

    pramaan'hogchOamoon' it takes about six hours traveling time, about six hours to go (there) (e.g. by train}.
    "'

    1111rJ1ti L Vlill doojcMjheed' unnecessarily, for no


    reason.

    '

    1 'd1 eJ tJ chajs5jl V to expend, use, make use of.


    o Al1;G1eJtJ
    1.
    0

    mti mfcMjl idem l~1ti below.

    kh~achajs5j'

    N expense.

    l~l~
    .J

    (1)
    I

    m~jcMj:::, m~jch~j';
    I Q.

    (2)

    m~jcMVl

    ~'\J"l,ltJ1;1EitJ

    cabcaaj'chcijs3jl

    elab. colloq.

    is not, are not, am not.

    2. No, it's not! No!

    to spend, expend. o eJlrttJ1;G1eJtJ ?aasajlchcijs3j' V 1. to utilize, use. 2. to use (something belonging to another, through his courtesy). 3. to depend on (someone

    o 'W l:w1'V111'Wii1 eJ nti' m~jcMjldins5:J' This is not a pencil. o 1 o

    ~1 tiL ~'W m~jcMjl~n 1 co 11 o q. quite. 1~1ti'Vl~ eJ m~jcMjryy 1 L m~jcMjlryy'l


    V 1. to use, spend, expend.

    isn't

    to do errands, etc.).

    it? aren't you? don't you?

    1;Vl'\J
    2. to make

    chcijnti/ to pay the debt.


    "'

    1; chajl

    1l1:w 110 nam'maachajl to introduce, bring into use.

    155

    iJ~r]\(loU

    balJkhab'cMjl V to enforce (a law). ..., IJS:::f11~1'11 prakaadlcM.jl V to proclaim, declare (to be law), to promulgate (a decree, law).
    w'em1oU ph:J::m'chaj' V to pay by installments.

    '11'1.

    Abbrev. for

    l'1i'W~~Iil~ centiliter.

    '1i'HI in

    '1111Wtln s1ladsolJ'

    N eleg. shape, form,


    '11 S 1 li1 '11 S ~.

    contour, figure.

    -Also written

    ...,

    '111'W, --l'11 suan', suansee' V to stagger, reel.

    'VHJ 1'If ph:::>:)Chajl V to be adequate, passable, fair.

    'If d(J suaj' V s 1 a ng to have bad luck, be accursed.


    [f. Chin.]

    ~'VHI 1J
    good.

    dii'ph::J::Jchaaj' fairly good; passably

    '110 ( A'W) S::J::JI {khan') N a Thai stringed instrument;


    a violin, fiddle . ..., 'l.ieJ li1 1 ~ s::J::Jd1lalJ' N a treble stringed instrument. ..., '11 eJ fJ S::J::J?fiul N an alto stringed instrument.
    'IJ

    ~1 ~

    miicM.jl V 1. to have for use, have avail-

    able. 2. to be in use, in operation (e.g. machines), in force (e.g. rules).


    i''U1oU rabchaj' V 1. to serve.

    2. to be a servant.

    ~'l.ieJ

    slis::J::J' V to play a stringed instrument.

    A'W- - servant, a person who attends the wants

    'l.ieJ f1 s~bg' N narrow space between two objects,

    of another.
    Gi1'JLoU (A'W)

    narrow passage. saawcMjl {khon') N maidservant.


    'tlf1'1JPJf1'tlf1l-J:W thugs!bg'thugmum' elab. colloq.
    9 9 9

    J chajl V to bore, pierce, bore through.


    J( ...,

    every nook and cranny.


    'l.ieJ ~ S::l::JlJ' N 1. envelope, flat container or case.

    'ilV(LVl) cti'chaj'(Mjl)

    slang to prod

    {figuratively), keep insisting.


    lVt.JJli'J chajjaphuum' pN Chaiyaphum, a township
    'IJ

    C 2. elf. for envelopes, for packs (of cigarettes), etc.


    '1JeJ~'ili1Vl:W1t.J ('l.ieJ~)

    in NE Thailand.
    l'/Jt.J 1 chajjaa' pN Chaiya, an amphoe inS Thailand. lVLt.J chajjoo' E 1. bravo! hurrah! V 2. to hail

    s::J::llJCOdmaajl (s::J::JJJ')

    envelope {for a letter).


    'l.ieJ ~'\JVI~
    9

    ( eJ'W, 'l.ieJ ~)

    S::l::JlJburli' (?an', S::l::llJ')

    with braVOS, say "bravo! " -+See also VL t.l

    cigarette case (?an'); flip-top box for cigarettes, cigarette package {of paper) (s::J::JJJ').
    '1ieJHl1'Wiil1
    '
    ('1ieJ~) S::l::llJW~ntaal

    (s::J::JJJ')

    N eye-

    glass case.

    'l'l'WS!n'l.ieJ~
    'IJ

    (ns:::'\JeJn) pyyn'l1lugs::J::JJJ' {krab~::Jg')

    'If S::J::J' LOW consonant. Pronounced s initially,


    not used as a final consonant. The sound s as an initial low consonant is occasionally also written by means of the combination '11 S - .
    'lin. Abbrev. for b'1fw~n i'J.J centigram.
    '

    N shotgun.
    'l.ieJ ~
    '

    ( 'l.ieJ ~, UVI~)

    '

    '

    s~lJ'*(s~lJ' helJ')

    V 1. to frequent.

    2. to meet secretly. N 3. den, hangout, secret meeting place. 4. brothel.


    'l.ieJ ~ Gil-J S~lJsi:'im' V 1. to meet, get together.
    9

    2.

    Vli1 s6d' V to sip drawing in the breath. '1i'W, '1Jn-- son', sugson' V to be naughty, mischie9

    to meet secretly.

    ~eJ~LGilJlill. (~eJ~) s51J'soopheenii'(s~lJ')


    brothel.
    'l.ieJ'W s~::Jn' V to hide.
    0:::
    Q...'

    vous. ' ' 'l.i'W ('l.i'W) s~n' (s~n') spelled Gi'W,

    N heel (of the foot).

    -+Also

    '

    Q....l

    q. v. for additional entries.

    l'IJJ.Jf1(;1li1'1JeJ'WiJ6!1t.J

    ( eJ'W)

    kh~mklad's~::Jnplaaj'

    'l.i'U s6b' V to rest (one's head or face on something). 'l.i'U l '1.1 1 s6bsaw' V to be drowsy, dull, listless,
    ' '

    (?an')

    N safety pin.

    'l.ieJ'W ~"1 s!bn'JJam' V to conceal. '1JeJ'WVl1 s~::Jnhaa' N hide-and-seek {children's

    dejected.
    'l.i'UVI'W 1 s6bn!ial V to rest one's head (on one's

    game).
    '1Jn'1JeJ'W sugs~::Jn' V to hide, conceal.
    9

    arms or on the table, so that the face is hidden).


    iJr1'11'\J bads6b' V to be idiotic, stupid, foolish. 'l.il-J. Abbrev. for

    '

    'l.ieJ'W s:bn' V 1. to put one on top of the other, pile

    l'1i'W~ll-JiilS centimeter.

    up. 2. to overlap. 3. to be situated one over the other.

    'l.il-J som' V to be in a stupor.

    For words not found under '1.1- ,

    see '11 ~-

    156
    iJ''U.JeJ'IJ sabs:5:Jn" V to be complex, complicated,

    "111'\.J

    o ; aifn m :JJ ( tJ eJ)

    kh~~" sagtMam" (kh~~")

    intricate, overlapping.
    I

    question (esp. in an official interrogation). (khan") N fork. -Also

    'tlll.l
    "

    rl'IJ)

    s~om", s~m"

    ifn

    sag" colloq. as little as, merely, just. -Variant of

    written 6l J lJ
    'tle:J'IJ'tiJl.l ch:Sons~~m" N "spoon and fork," i.e.
    I

    Gfn.

    if-1 ( el'IJ) san" (?an") N 1. stubble. 2 (corn) cob.


    3. fibrous covering over the meat of the jackfruit.

    silverware, consisting of fork and spoon. Cf. Engl. "knife and fork."
    I

    if~;1'J
    ifW~ sad"

    (eJ'IJ)

    saukhaaw"(?an")

    N ricestubble.

    "Ulll ~ s~om" V to mend, repair.


    I I

    1. to throw, fling, hurl (e.g. a dart), cast

    'tl1 ~'tle:Jll ( Fl'IJ) cMaus~~m" (khon") N repairman.


    I

    (e.g. dice). 2. to toss, dash against (as waves with a boat). 3. to put the blame on (others), implicate. 4. to decline (of the sun). o ifW~LL'tl'IJ sadkhten" to fling out the arms.

    "UeJl.ILL'tlll s~omseem" V to mend, repair, restore.

    1S ~~eJl.l
    shop.

    ( 1 S ~)

    roous~~m"

    (roou")

    N repair

    " 'tleJll s:Som" V 1. to husk, pound (in a mortar). 2.


    ....

    ifWI L"ll sadsee" V to wander, roam aimlessly. if'll


    <9.l

    to practise, drill, rehearse .


    n 1 S--

    sab" V to blot, absorb, soak up.

    "lieJl.IS'U s:5~mr6b" V to hold maneuvers.

    n s ~ 111

    1~if'U

    ( LL~'IJ) kradaadsab" (phtn") N blotter.

    maneuvers. -syn.

    eleg. to take or give a test, a

    if'll'l 'IJ ( .ff'IJ) sabnaj/ (chfn")

    N 1. lining (of

    6i eJ'U"lieJll soobs5om"

    "'

    clothes). 2. underwear.

    quiz (other than a final examination).


    'tl1~

    if'U ~ in if'll.JeJ'IJ sabs:Son" V to be complex, complicated, intricate, overlapping.


    "ll1 saa" V to subside, abate, diminish (in force).

    ("lieJ~)

    sooj/ (s~oj/)

    N lane.

    'tiel~ ~ s~~v V to mince, cut, slice (into small

    pieces).
    I

    Often followed by fil


    I I

    "ll~ s~/.
    0

    Shortened variant of L ~eJ.

    "111 in

    L"lleJ"ll1

    s~~saa/

    V colloq. to be foolish,

    fl'IJ"li~ 'n'IJ"li~.U kin" saL kinsa" ~. kin"sast~ Eat


    (it). You'd better eat (it).
    "l11n

    stupid, blundering.
    <9.l

    ("li1n) saag" (saag")

    N corpse, carcass, -Dis t. A'W.

    ifn

    sag" V to launder, wash (cloth only). -Dis t. fil1 ~ "to wash (other than .cloth or hair)"; "to wash (the hair)." G1 S ~

    (desiccated) remains, remnants.


    "ll1nA'W ("li1n) saagsob" (saag")

    N corpse,

    ifn;1 sagphaa" V to wash clothes.

    Fl'IJ--

    washL Fl S eJ
    d
    ~

    remains (of a person). " .... "l11 n ~ in 'lf1"U 1 n , 'lf1 'l 'tf 1 n 'l

    samsaag", sam:::

    erman, -woman; laundryman, -woman. washer, washing machine.

    sam"saagsaag" V 1. to be recurrent. sV 2. repeatedly.

    o ;1'1Jifn;1 ( ;1'\J) raan"sagpMa" (raan") laundry (establishment). o 1nifn;1 (LH)


    ifn'WeJn sagf~~g" v

    "ll1'1J saan" V 1. to scatter. 2. to be scattered.


    I

    "U1'U"U1'1J saabsaan/ v 1. to permeate, penetrate.

    roousagpMa" (roou")

    N
    "-'

    2. to be thoroughly absorbed.
    I

    laundry (establishment). to launder, wash.

    'W ~ "l11 'IJ fU.Usaan" V 1. (one's mind or thoughts) 9

    to wander, be jumbled. sV 2. incoherently, in jumbled fashion. o A!Yi'W~"ll1'1J khfd"fuusaan" to think incoherently,


    9
    "-' I

    t:.1

    ~ifn'Wln pMu"sagf~~g" N soap powder, deter-

    gent powder.

    ifn ~WI sagrtid" V 1. to wash and iron, launder.


    2. to clean and press.

    (one's) thoughts to be jumbled.

    LsF1~~1'\J
    I

    r6og"diisaan" N jaundice. Only in cpds.

    ifmL;~

    sagMeu" V to be dry-cleaned.

    "li1'U saab" V to spread, permeate.

    ifn ~sag" V to question. -Dist. b11:JJ. ifn 1~ sagsaj/ v to question thoroughly. ifn bl1:JJ sagth~am" v 1. to interrogate, question,
    cross-examine. 2. to inquire into.

    "11 1 'U"ll1 'IJ saabsaan" v 1. to permeate, penetrate.

    2. to be thoroughly absorbed.
    "111'\.J.;ff'l saabsyu" v 1. to be deeply impressed,

    captivated. 2. to be impressive. see TIS-.

    For words not found under "ll-,

    '111'\J

    157
    .Un

    ~:W'111'1J syms~ab' V 1. to permeate, penetrate.


    2. to be absorbed, to soak in.
    I I I

    stig' C 1. (a) half (of a globular object, e.g. a coconut). 2. piece, section, part.
    .Un 1~

    '111:W in '1l:W'111:W

    2. clumsily.
    ~

    '

    sO.ms~am'

    V 1. to be clumsy. sV

    (.Un, .ff'W)

    stigmaajl (stigl, chin')

    N a

    piece or length of split wood, splinter.


    --0 p p. 'iJ 11 6~'WeUn
    ~

    '111 EJ saajl sV left) to the left.


    ~

    '1 penstigstig' in pieces, into pieces.


    .. d

    l:l'WA'111El thamldlsaajl V to be lefthanded.

    "'

    'WS~'l'WTISFlHeUn phrac;;an'khr9tJstig' N half-moon.


    eUA

    "" "' thaa:gsaajlmyyl to the left, on the left. r11 ~'111El:Wel


    ' "' ~18'1118 faajsaajl
    J( ..,

    stid' V to be pale.
    eUA 6eUU 'J stidsiaw' V to be pale and wan.

    N the Left, Leftists.

    6 sW 'HI1 EJ liawsaajl to turn left.


    '1111 saaw' V to rinse, wash (rice) before cooking. '1111 6 ~8 'I saawsla:g' V to sound out (people's)

    eU1716~el171 stidphyad' V to be very pale, white as


    a sheet.
    '11'\Jo'fJA sO.ubstidl V to be thin and pale, emaciated,
    'II

    .., 'l.h sam' V 1. to repeat. sV 2. in addition, also;


    again, anew; repeatedly.
    ' n611 1"11'1 ( 'J 1)
    "-'

    views or opinions (on an issue).

    sickly .

    .rJ 6:W'Wlll..Uv 1Llll


    ~ -1
    0J

    in LJ'Wo'fJ l:W'Wlll.- puunsiimenl* N cement. [f. Eng.]


    'II ..

    -Also to repeat (that).

    .V l :W'W Iii

    '

    klaawsam'(w~a')

    sii?aat6o'* nN SEATO (Southeast Asia

    J1J'W samchan' to repeat a class (in school),

    Treaty Organization). [f. Eng.] s91J' rP 1 it. which, that, who (as a relative pronoun).
    d

    ..,

    take a course over .


    "-'

    "lf1'111n,"lf1
    s~ag'
    "-'

    '1 '111n '1

    sams~ag', samsam's~ag=::

    -s y n.

    'tl

    com.

    ..,

    V 1. to be recurrent. sV 2. repeatedly.

    ;~'I
    ~'I
    'II

    phO.us91J' one who. See entries below. directly, right to one's

    17118"11'1 dO.ajsam' also, too, in addition, even

    lJ

    more.
    l'1'11i1J1 mfMmsam' co 11 o q. in addition, more-

    ~-1~-1'1~1 s91Js91J'n~a'
    face.
    el81'l--

    idem.

    over, worse than that.


    i! sf!, st~ Variant of eU.

    ~'!~'! thY1J's91J=:: lit. toreach,arriveat. 'Wo1:W1~'l namlmaa'-s9u= lit., eleg. to bring,


    bring in, bring about (e.g. sorrow, misfortune). (phtyn') N a sarong--com p.

    st~
    in

    ~'W

    .rJ. ;1~'W (~'W) ph~astn'


    Variant of

    off 1 sY1:J I V
    '111'\Joff1

    1. to be deep, profound.

    2. to impress,

    like lower garment worn by women.


    f.J 1 ~H.

    captivate.

    i!'U in

    na~i!'U,n~~i!'Un~~'111'\J.
    i!LJ ( el'W) sib' (?an')

    ' 'll'Ui!'U '


    See

    s~absY1:J'

    V 1. to be deeply impressed,

    subsfbl V to whisper.

    _,.Syn.

    captivated. 2. to be impressive.

    rr11 ~off1 , rr1off1


    deep feeling.

    fa:g IM j SYlJ 1, falJ I sY1:J I

    to listen with

    N zipper. [f. Eng.]

    i!U-J'W lll...

    .rJ 6:W'W lll...


    ~:1..1

    R' noff 1
    0J

    lygsY1:J'

    to be profound, deeply-felt.

    .rJ.

    sii' the English letter "C." [f. Eng.]

    sym' V to be drowsy, sluggish . ch9amsym' V to feel drowsy, lethargic.

    eU siil Pt particle indicating definiteness or empha-

    ~el:W~:W

    sis. _,.Also written


    ~ sl'.

    .V

    sf!, st',

    ~ stl,

    stil,

    ~:W l '111 symsaw' V to be dull, drowsy. ~'W~:W mynsym' V to be drowsy, dull.


    ~:1..1
    lJ

    o ll'W6~8eU,ll'W6~8.V kin'sfast! Eat(it).

    sym' V to seep, soak in.

    0J

    stil N 1. bar (as of a cage), rib, tooth (of a comb), tine (of a fork). C 2. elf. for teeth, ribs, the teeth of a comb, the tines of a fork, etc.

    ~:W'Il1'\J syms~ab' V 1. to permeate, penetrate.


    2. to be absorbed, soak in.

    ~:W'tlS 1'\J syms~abl V colloq. to know well, know


    thoroughly.

    ~Lfl s -1
    ~
    lJ

    ( ~) stikhroou' (sti')

    N ribs.

    sti.( Variant of

    .rJ.

    u'tl ~ n ~:w stegsyml v


    permeate.

    to infiltrate, penetrate into,

    off in 6.J1off. sawsfil V to wheedle, coax repeatedly,


    keep harping on something, nag.

    LJ1nn1'1:Wn~:w (1711:W) paagkaa'mygsym' (d~am')


    For words not found under

    '11- , see

    'tl s-

    158

    N fountain pen. oU'W in 'J1'WoU'W,-

    '1/:W'1.11:W stlmsttam' V 1. to be clumsy. sV 2. clumsily. the 'llf.J sujl V to be loose, crumbly. 9 'li'U stlub' V to be thin and pale, emaciated.
    'II

    '

    '

    -'it waansyyn', waansyyn'nfi'

    '

    day before yesterday.

    ~8

    sty' V to be honest, straightforward.

    '1/'UVfil sQubstid' V to be thin and pale, emaciated,


    'II

    ~a Ill s--:1

    stytrou' V 1. to be honest. 2. to be
    'II

    sickly.
    '1/'Ut:.~

    faithful.

    8:W s1lubph~:>m' V to be pale and skinny,

    ~8~~~~~--. ~~~~~fl8. stys~dl, s~dsty'


    honest. 2. to be faithful, loyal. esty; faithfulness, loyalty.

    V 1. to be fl 'l1 :W-- hon-

    emaciated. L'1.1 see' V to stagger, be unsteady (in walking). Vfil L'1.1 sadsee' V to wander, roam aimlessly. L'lflllil'W ~ see'lunlun' to stumble and trip, stagger (as when pushed forcibly and unexpectedly).

    'W1~8

    phaasty' naively, unsuspectingly.

    ~8

    syY-' V to buy. n; 1'1.!~8 L~1~8

    '

    kw~ansyY-'
    ch~wsyY-'

    V to corner the market (by

    1'11 L'11
    LiiHl~

    soosee' V 1. to stagger, reel (as an intoxi-

    buying up in large quantities). V to buy on the installment

    cated person). sV 2. staggeringly, unsteadily. seuste' V to be noisy.

    plan, to buy as one rents.

    Liifil. s@d'*the English letter "Z." [f. Eng. zed] n 1 s-shopping, lii'Yl Lii'Yl -+Also
    (9)

    ffwu 8 ~ syY-kh~:>u'
    buying. fl'W--

    V to shop.

    Lliifil .

    buyer, shopper, customer.

    sect' C set (tennis). [f. Eng.] sect' V to set (hair). [f. Eng.]

    ~8'tJ1~

    syY-khaajl V to trade, engage in com-

    l!J

    merce.

    Lii'Ylt:.~:W sedphOm' V to set the hair, have one's


    to buy on credit. to buy at retail. buy. purchase. hair set. Lii'W sen' V to sign.

    ~8L~8 syY-ch1a' v ~8tJ~n syY-pllig' v ~elll1 syY-haa' v to i''U~8 nibsyY-' v to

    Lii'W~8

    senchty' V to sign, sign one's name.

    --+Syn.

    lil~~8

    com.; Lii'W'W1:W,

    Lii'W~8

    eleg.

    '1/n sug' V 1. to snuggle, press close to, cuddle up 9 to. 2. to stuff (something) into (a small space). 3. to hide. o LeJ1:W8'1/nns::;LtJ1 ?awmyy'-sug'krapaw' to 9 put one's hands in one's pockets. '1/n'lf'W sugson'
    9
    I

    Lii'W~bl!bl!1 sen'sanjaa' V to sign a contract.


    lil1f.JLii'W

    (el'W,Ll~~)

    laajsen'(?an',hf:u')

    N sig-

    nature, autograph.
    +

    ""

    L'lf'WMns:w, Lii'W- sentikram"* C centigram. Abbr. 'lin.


    [f. Eur.]

    to be naughty, mischievous. V to hide, conceal.

    l'lf'W~ b:WIII:i, bV'W- sentimeed'*C centimeter. Abbr.


    '1/:W. [f. Eur.]

    '1/n'1/8'W 9

    sugs~:>n'

    ll'l'lfnll'l'lf'W hUasug'hi'iasun' V to rush, be in a . rush. --+See also following example.


    ....
    ~ ~

    '

    '

    L'li'WM~III S, Lii'W- sentilfd'* C centiliter. Abbr. 'li61.


    [f. Eur.]

    o 61:Wll'l'lfnll'l'lf'W 16m'-hi1ast1g'huasun' V to tumble head over heels, tumble headlong.


    '11~
    9

    '

    '

    L'll'l'l (1'U)seef', seeb'*(baj')


    [f. Eng.]
    ....

    N com. a safe.

    (III'W) sun' (tlln') N log. com; a safe. --+Syn. n s::; eU'U ,

    '1/'U sub' N soup. [f. Eng.] '19/'UeU'U subs fb' V to whisper. --+S y n. ns::;eU'Uns::;'1.11'U. 'Wfil'li'UeU'U phtlud'subsfb' 1. to whisper, talk in a
    'II '

    '

    ~'W:iJW

    eleg.

    b'lllil, b'1.16161 sell, sen', seel' N tech. cell (biological, electrical). [f. Eng.] b'1.18
    '

    '

    low, whispering voice. 2. to gossip. '1/:W stlm' V to hide, lie in wait.


    '

    b'1.18'111 s~<'lstta' V colloq. to be foolish, stupid, blundering. L'1.18 :i S<'lal,


    s~<'l'

    s~<'l' '

    V to be foolish, silly, stupid.

    '
    '

    ....

    '1.1:W'1/8'W stlms~:>n' V to lie in ambush.

    '

    '

    ....

    the English title "Sir." [f. Eng.]

    '1/:w ( 'll:w) sum' (sum')


    ....

    '/J:WtJ ~::;Ill sumpratuu' N the arch over a gate. . 'II

    '

    N arbor; archway.

    L'1.18::; s8?1 V to be foolish, silly, stupid. L'1.1 8 lil see?uul' pN Seoul.


    'II

    For words not found under '1.1- , see

    'Yl S - .

    159
    b'01 saw/ V 1. to calm down, to stop.

    2. to be

    1'VL1tJl'l;iboUtJ i'V!Jl1Yl1'0 b 1'lllil

    soowtad/radsia/ pN Soviet Russia.

    sluggish.
    'IJ b'01 khtisaw/ to be a sleepyhead. 'li'U b'01 s6bsaw/ V to be drowsy, dull, listless,
    ~

    sabaph~ab/soowtad/ N the Soviet

    Union.

    l '0

    ( 61 n , 'U)
    'II

    saj/ (lfiug/, baj/)

    N a kind of fish trap,

    dejected.
    eUJ.Jb'01 symsaw/ V tobedull,drowsy.

    made of bamboo strips.

    lod

    sav
    ~

    to root, dig, probe (with beak or snout).

    bodloff,--"ln~n
    q

    sawsli/, sawsii/cugclg/

    v towhee-

    "' "Jn l"J sagsav v to question thoroughly.


    sajkhbn/

    dle, coax repeatedly, nag, keep harping on something.


    b'01::; s5?/ V to erode, cut through, wear down.
    b ~"'l s8db/, s8db/* V to serve, wait on a table.

    l.J'IJ'W

    to preen the feathers. Saigon. [f. Viet.]

    l~ 1' O'W s~jlJ~n/* pN

    "' b "' l 'li'U HJ

    sajbiiria/ pN Siberia. [f. Eng.)

    [f. Eng.]
    b ~rH

    l; s!alJMV

    pN Shanghai.

    [f. Chin.]

    boUtJ 'J siaw/ V to be withered, pale. oUfil b.VtJ '.l stidsiaw/ V to be pale and wan.

    01 ch;J;J/ LOW consonant. Pronounced ch initially, not used as a final consonant. The letter 0! is rarely used; the sound ch as an initial low consonant is usually written '1.1.

    b'UeH s9alJ/ V to be slow, inactive, lifeless.

    bb'd,
    u"Jn

    LoU 1 - s~eg/

    s~e/, selJs~e/
    See
    Lb'Yl~n.

    V to be noisy.

    Lb'01 seelJ/ V 1. to insert.

    2. to be in between; to

    011 '\J'Wll "I chaa/pamikld/ N 1. cremation. V 2. to cremate.

    intervene. 3. to overtake.
    Lb't1Hbb'01
    s~egseelJ/

    V 1. to insert. 2. to inter-

    ~S0!1'\J'Wn"! phithii/chaa/panakld/ N cremation rite.


    011'\..J'W1 Lll'W ( bb'Vl1) crematory.
    '

    vene, interfere, intrude.


    bb"Ufil s~d/* V to be noisy, loud, buzzing. bboUfil.

    chaa/panasatMan/ (htlJ/)

    s~d/* the English letter "Z." [f. Eng. zed]


    --Also
    boUfil.

    bb'liJ.J seem/ V 1. to insert.

    2. to be inserted, be in

    between.
    ' <>JeJJ.Jbb"UJ.J s!'i;Jmseem/ V to mend, repair, restore.
    bl"UJ.J~J.J

    bl.J

    j;J;J/ LOW consonant. Pronounced j initially, n finally. The sound j as an initial low consonant is usually written
    lJ

    seemphbm/ V to insert in the hair (e.g.

    an ornament).
    1'0 "" soo/
    W0 J.J 1 '0

    V 1. to be starving. 2. to be destitute.

    bl.J'l'W juan/ N Vietnam, Vietnamese.

    Formerly

    ph:'bmsoo/ V to be skinny and weak

    Annam, Annamese.
    'lil'lbl.J'l'W ( Fl'W)

    (because undernourished).
    1 '0 lB in 1 "Ul 'li soosee/ V 1. to stagger, reel (as

    chaawjuan/ (khon/)

    N a Vietnamese,

    the Vietnamese.

    an intoxicated person). sV 2. staggeringly, unsteadily.

    LJ

    ~::; L'YlAb\!'l'W

    ( LJ

    a::;

    L 'YlA)

    pratMedjuan/ (pratMed/)

    N Vietnam.

    1~

    ( l i'W)

    s(Jo/

    (s~n/)

    N chain.

    Jl1~1bl.J'l'W

    ( Jl1~1)

    phaasiiajuan/ (phaasiia/)

    1'llfil1 soodaa/

    N 1. soda. 2. shortfor V11'01il1


    ~ ~

    Vietnamese (the language).

    below. [f. Eng.]


    1 '0fil1l "'l soodaafaj/ N colloq. caustic soda. V11'0fil1 namsoodaa/

    6\! lill'l jadti? / N motion, proposition, resolution


    (parliamentary procedure).
    bl.J 1~

    N soda water, carbonated

    jaan/ N knowledge; intellect; enlightenment. Found chiefly as a final element in Sanskrit

    water.
    1'0J.J soom/

    V 1. to soak, bathe. 2. to be drenched.

    loanwords.

    1'0 b1tJ Iii

    soowtad/ N Soviet Russia, the Soviets.

    6\! 1 ~

    ( Fl'W)

    ""

    j~ad/ (khon/) N 1. relative, kin. 2.

    For words not found under

    '0- , see '11 a-

    160

    'YI

    cousin. LA! elbll1 ~ khryaj~ad/ N 1. lineage, family tree. 2. kindred .


    bli11WI'f!HH
    ... d'"'

    ( Fl'W)

    j~adphtin6;)n/

    (khan/)

    N rela-

    th~;)/

    HIGH consonant. Pronounced th initially,

    tives.

    d finally. The sound th as an initial high consonant is usually written


    ~.

    bll1~ilen j~admfd/ N 1. relatives and friends.


    V 2. s 1 a ng to play cards together.
    bll1 M1m.J

    The letter ~ is

    rare. An example of a word of frequent use in which it occurs is government."


    ~

    ( Fl'W) j~adjoom/ (khan/) N relatives. 'lJ ~:::: LrlAbll1 M ( 'lJ ~:::: L'YJA) prath~ed/j~ad/ (pra:::
    th~ed/)

    S~ 'U 161 nidthabaan/ "the

    N related country.

    1'W ( ~ 1'W)

    tMan/ (tMan/)

    N 1. base, foundation.

    LU'Wbll1~n'W penj~ad/kan/ to be related (to each other).

    2. basis, grounds. 3. status, capacity.

    ~ 1'WYJ~ ( LLV!~) tMantMb/ (hf:n/)


    'li::::dJ~bll1~ chamad/j~ad/ colloq. very,
    D'W~ 1'W ( Lb'Vl~) thlntMan/ (hf:n/)

    N military base. N place; place

    bll1~ ~B in
    d'

    extremely.
    bll'lJ'W jtipun/ N Japan, Japanese. [f.Japanese]

    of residence.
    .nil~ 1'\J phuumthAan/ V to be dignified, grand. 'II ..
    :l..l~~
    'II ..

    '

    'l n ~ 'l ~ ~ ~bll'lJ'W cagkrawad/jtipun/ N the Japanese

    IV

    .<::it,

    .d

    empire .
    .J'

    '

    1'\J muunthAan/ N 1. basis, foundation.

    2.

    (as n. mod.) basic, fundamental. N a Japa~

    'li1.'Jbll'lJ'W ( Fl'W) chaaw/jtipun/ (khan/)

    nese, the Japanese .


    'L1 ~:::: L'YlAbll'lJ'W ( 'lJ ~:::: L'YJA ) pratMed/j tipun/ (pra:::
    .J'

    '

    1 n~ 1'\J r~agthAan/ N 1. foundation.

    2. basis.

    3. secure position or standing (of a person). o

    tMed/)
    Jl1~1bll'lJ'W

    ...
    '

    '

    ih 1 n~ 1'W
    ing.

    miir~agthAan/ 1. to have a foundation.

    N Japan.
    ( Jl1~1) phaas.[a/jtipun/ (phaasAa/)

    2. (a person) to have a secure position or stand-

    N Japanese (the language).

    ml'n~ 1'W lagtMan/ N 1. basis, foundation. 2.


    evidence, testimony. 3. co 11 o q. wealth.
    ~

    1'\J:::: thaana?/ N status, position, condition, standing.


    1'm.1~ 1'\J:::: wfdthaja?/thAana?/ N academic, edu-

    cational standing.
    i] d;);)/ MIDDLE consonant. Pronounced d both

    initially and finally. The sound d is usually written


    ~,

    but as a final consonant it is also


    ~.

    'YI

    written in a number of other ways. See The letter i] is rarely used.

    'YI th:1:1/

    LOW consonant. Pronounced th initially,

    5n 1

    ( 1'U, Q::::,J'U) diikaa/ (baj/, chaba.b/) tion. V 2. to petition.


    ~--

    N 1. peti-

    d finally. It is also occasionally treated as a


    MIDDLE consonant and pronounced d initially.

    petitioner.

    A1&Ji]n 1 saandiikaa/ N supreme court.

    The sound th as an initial low consonant is usually written Yl. The letter 'YI is extremely

    rare. Examples of words in which it occurs are :l..lb\!'Yl61 monthon/ "monthon, a former political division"; 'W 1ofl naathii/ "minute"; gJ t;):J/ MIDDLE consonant. Pronounced t initially, d finally. The sound t as an initial middle consonant is usually written

    iJD.!Tilil

    bandld/ "pundit." The first two examples

    show it treated as a LOW consonant, the last example as a WDDLE consonant.

    lil .

    The letter gJ is the word

    is rare. An example of its use

    LJ~,j'~ patiba.d/ "to do, act, perform."

    161

    enters the priesthood while under the age of twenty . .-Also


    till th:x>' LOW consonant.
    611:1-Hbl.lS.

    Pronounced th initially,

    d finally. The sound th as an initial consonant is usually written '11 The letter till is exv

    tremely rare. An example of a fairly frequent word in which it occurs is


    btill1 ( Fl'W) tMw' (khon') 1 tili'W o~ S JJ . lil d::>::>'

    l'v1IDDLE consonant. Pronounced d both ini-

    N old person, aged person.


    I'J-'II 0)

    tially and finally. The sound d as an initial consonant is also sometimes written with i) or '11 , and as a final consonant with 'l , 'If, D, l] ,
    ~

    A spelling --+Dist. el eg.


    Fl'Wbtili1Fl'Wbbn

    b bl1 is also used.

    idem.
    0

    bn1.

    -..s y n.

    bb n

    m.,

    'If~ 1

    , '11 , till , rl , bl , '11 ,

    o , f'l , ~ ,

    or ~ .

    (Fl'W) khontMw'khonkh' (khon')

    liln.

    Abbrev. for

    bl'loVn:i:J-J decigram.

    N e 1 a b. co 11 o q. old people, elderly people.


    btill1bbn (Fl'W)

    lil n dog'

    1. to be plentiful, abundant. 2. to be

    tMwkh' (khon')

    N 1. a go-be-

    productive.

    tween who arranges a marriage. 2. an aged, wealthy Chinese man.

    1 ~ lil n
    l'IFln. lil ~

    kh.?tjdog/

    (fowls) to be productive, lay

    eggs abundantly. Abbrev. for


    0
    I

    blilFl1n:i:J-J decagram.
    I

    ( 6\'VI ~ ) dotJ' (heu')


    q_,

    N forest, jungle. -s y n. tJ 1. V elab. colloq.

    b'/J TiJ 1 b '/J 11il ~

    kh~wpaa'kh~wdou'

    to go off into the jungle (used esp. in a fig. sense,


    bl.l n::>::>'

    LOW consonant. Pronounced n both initially

    i.e. to get away from it all).


    lil ~ n Sl 1 lJ dotJklO.ajl N banana plantation. l'l ~ ~'U,
    v
    'i.J

    and finally. The sound n both initially and finally is usually written 'W. Though the letter

    tJ 1-v

    ( bb'VI~)

    doudl.b'. paa'doudlb' (heu')

    bl.l is extremely rare as a word- initial conso-

    N tropical evergreen forest.


    l'l W rrw, lil":'W lil'W d1'lnd~n1, d~nd5n' V 1. to brave the way,
    'tJ

    nant, it occurs in other positions in some fairly common words, e.g. 'iJbl.l::;,
    bl6 mi?::::, na:::: Flbl.l,
    9

    'U~ b 1bl6.

    make a way through, push forward, force one's way through. 2. to venture.

    Pp 1. at, in, of (place or time). 2.

    element in surnames, indicating relationship to royalty or to former local princes who served as governors of provinces.

    lii'Wrl~ ('Y11n,iJtJ1~) dontrii'(pho.ag',jaau') N music.


    b Fl
    d ~
    v

    iJ l-- musical instruments.

    'W n--

    musi-

    cian.
    I

    -..syn.
    "'

    l'l~tJ1~Fl
    9

    lit.,eleg.

    o b160tJ5tJ1 na??ajudthajaa 1 nN Na-Ayuthaya


    9

    b6rWiil'WBl ~ len'dontrii' V to play music. lii:IJ dom' t.J1R:IJ

    (Na-Ayuthia), an addition to the surname of persons who, though without royal titles, are related to the Chakri line. Based on 0 ~

    V to smell, sniff.
    (bb'I'H)

    jaadom'(tMu')

    N 1. smellingsalts.

    o[J 1 ,

    a
    lil
    ~

    2. inhalant.
    . Transliteration of the English abbreviation

    township in C Thailand and former capital of the country. o b166H ~u Sl1


    misoukhl~a',

    "Dr.," read as mi? soukhl~a' nN Na-

    d:Sgt~CJ'.

    C sed as a title for a

    person with a Ph. D., D. Ed., etc. lilSI don' V 1. to arrive, reach. 2. to come about. 2. to cause, inspire (often implying supernatural means).
    RSitJWlil1 Sl,-

    Songkhla, surname of persons descended from the local prince who served as governor of Songkhla in earlier times. Based on a township in S Thailand.
    bl6r11
    '

    ~ ~'ufl1,

    -1 "l

    don'bandaan', don'-bandaan'cajl

    nh::; 6'!11'1 mitaau'pratheed' abroad.


    '-'

    V to cause, inspire, motivate (often implying supernatural means).

    bi6Drrw

    mibadniil at present, now.

    162

    lil'HJ

    Ill 1 ~ duan/ C 1. elf. for certain round shapes or objects, e.g. seals, stamps, spots, stains; for sources of light, e.g. lamps, stars, the sun, the moon; for the eyes; for the soul. 2. class term for such items.
    1111~'l'Wm
    <V

    lil 1 tJ dQaj/ Pp 1. with, by, by means of, as, because

    of. sV 2. also, too, as well. 3. either {with negative expressions). -Syn. 1. LliltJ. tion." LVI~ el'W tl'W NOTE.

    Ill 1 tJ means "also, too" in the sense of "in addimeans "also, too" in the sense

    (1111~)

    duancan/ {duan/)

    N 1. the

    of "likewise, the same." A similar distinction exists for the meaning "either" in negative expressions . o 'Yll'Vl'W1lillil1tJii11 thtiMnd~aj/dQajtaa/ whichcan be seen with the eyes, with (one's own) eyes. o '/Jv1t1;1tJ1;1'Vl:w I go too?
    .d
    ~

    moon. 2. as t ron. satellite, moon.


    ~

    Ill 1 ~ 'llil
    1111 ~1'l

    (Ill 1 ~) duancld/ {duan/)

    N mind, soul.

    ( lil1 ~, A'W) duancaj/ N 1. the heart

    "-' '-'

    {duan/). 2. sweetheart, beloved (khon/).


    lil 1 ~Iii~ 1
    0

    ( lil 1 ~) duantraa/ (duan/)

    N seal.

    kh~::>pajdQaj/~aj/maj!

    Can

    Ill 1 ~Iii s 11 tl s ~iilrJ1 n s

    ( lil 1 ~ )

    duantraa/ -praj:::

    ..,

    sanii/jaak:xm/ (duan/) Ill 1 ~ lil1

    N postage stamp. N the eye. N 1.

    ne~tl~lll'dtJ

    k~::>b/dQaj::: to consist of.

    (Ill 1 ~) duantaa/ (duan/)

    ' " "111 tJ lil 1 tJ chOaj !dQaj/! Help! (an urgent call).
    '-'

    ~n~tl~::::rltl (lil1~) duanprathtib/ (duan/)

    tieJ'UIIl'dtJnl)'Vl:W1tJ ch~bb/dQajkodm!laj/ to be lawful,

    flame. 2. light, e.g. the light from a flame, a lamp or a lantern.


    1111~1~
    lil 1 ~ l

    legitimate, in accordance with the law.


    lil 1 tJ tl'W dQajkan/

    1. together. 2. altogether, all

    (1111~) duanfaj/ (duan/)

    N 1. ball of fire.

    told, in all. 3. along, together with (them, us, etc.).

    2. a distant light or fire.

    ~; 1

    ( lil 1 ~ ) duanfajfaa/ (duan/)

    N electric

    eltJ n'W Ill 1 tJ tl'W juukin/dQajkan/ to live together,


    'IJ

    light.
    111111bl)bl)11J&

    cohabit (man and woman, husband and wife).


    (1111~) duanwinjaan/ (duan/)

    N the

    o :w ~ 'llillll'JtJn'W miisli/cud/-dQajkan/! There are four points altogether.

    "'

    '-'

    <V

    soul.
    1111HI1TIIilf:J

    '

    (lil1~) duan?aathfd/(duan/)

    !;

    <V

    <V

    N the

    o 'YH 'Vl:Wlillil 'd tJ n'W, 'Vl:l.Jlillil 'd tJ n'W tMnmod/dQajkan/, mod/dQajkan/ altogether, all told, all in all.

    sun.
    llil:l-11111~
    <V <0

    temduan/ V tobefull(ofthemoon).
    <;

    o i:l :W eJ tJ 1 n 'l:::: ti 1 'W A!J61 tl; 'd tJ 'W pMmjaag/ cachuan::: khun/pajdOajkan/! I'd like to invite you to go along: "together with (us)."
    "-'

    o 'W S:::: 'l'W'Yl s llii:Wlil 1 ~ phracan/temduan/ the moon is full.


    1111 ~
    GJ

    '

    (Iii 1)

    dQan/ (tua/)

    N the grub or larva of

    fil'dtJ1'l
    "-'

    dOajcaj/ with one's heart, sincerely.

    "-'

    certain beetles and weevils.


    lil 1 ~ ll
    ( ei'W)

    fil 1 tJ"if1 dQajsam/ also, too, in addition, even more. lll'dtJA dQajdii/ 1. amicably,withgoodfeeling.

    dOan/ (?an/)

    N a kind of trap made

    2.

    of bamboo, e.g. for catching mice.


    "lieil/11

    well, successfully, normally.


    !il 1 tJ lii'W l eJ 1

    "

    ~ ( rl'W) s::>::>dOan/ (khan/) N a Thai stringed

    dQajton?een/ in person; by oneself,

    instrument in treble key (having the shape of

    as oneself, personally.
    !il 1 J l ~ eJ 1 d1laj r)Tan/ about, concerning, over, with
    d

    " lil 1 ~

    ll

    above). 2. to be in

    1111 'W duan' V 1. to be urgent, hasty.

    regard to, in the matter of, in the case of.


    lil 'd tJ

    haste.
    j

    16
    '

    dQajwfthii/ by means of.

    1111'W'l duancli/ V to be extremely urgent. LlilEJ A'd'W doojduan' with urgency, with haste.
    ~~::::Ill 'd'W

    lil 'd tJ l 'Vllil~ d1lajheed/nfi/ therefore, for this reason,

    because of this.
    Iii eJ ~ lil 1 tJ t~n/dQaj:::

    thura?/duan/ urgent business.


    <V

    to conform to, concur with.

    Hllll 'd'W

    ( '/J'U 1'W, A'W)

    r6dduan/ N express train

    L~:W1ti;1t:J
    d

    tem/pajdQaj::: to be full of, filled with. owing to, on account of, due

    (khabuan/); express bus (khan/). Ill 'd 'W dQan/ V 1. to cut, cut off. 2. to be cut off, amputated, cut short.

    l 'W tJ 1 A 1 tJ n?an/ dQaj:::

    to, arising from, because; owing to the fact that, because of the fact that, since.

    'W !l e:J1111l'HJ phr:Som"d1laj::::: together with, at one


    ' .., L S:J..Irl 'H.l r~;}m"d1laj::::: to begin with, to begin by ' .., 1 11il 1 [.1 w~a/dQaj::::: to be concerned with, to deal

    and the same time with.

    lile:Jn1~1~ d~ogmaajfajl (d~og") N com. fireworks. -syn. lil8n1~L'W~~ eleg. lil8n1~USnLL;11 d~ogmaaj/rtegjtem" aflower
    which is just beginning to open. Often used as a simile for a young girl.

    (doing such and such).

    L'Vf'tJiil 1 [.1 hend1lajl to agree (with what has been

    "'

    with.
    .._,

    o J11il8 n 1~ namd:Jogmaaj/ N 1. water scented


    with flowers.
    lil eJ n 6111

    2. bot. nectar. N orange blos-

    said).
    lil eJ n GJ d~og"

    ( lil8 n) d:'>ogsl'lm" (d~og")

    N 1. flower, blossom (in compounds).

    som.

    C 2. elf. for flowers of all kinds, for incense sticks, for arrows. NOTE.
    lil e:Jn in mng. 1

    "' lil8 n L'vflil


    b~'W lil 8 n

    ( lil8 n)

    d~oghM" (d~og")

    N mushroom.

    pend~og/ 1. to be flowered, decorated

    is a class term, not a general term. The general term for "flower, blossom" is lil eJ n 1~. Specific kinds of flowers are named by using the class term followed by a specific term, e.g.

    with a floral design. 2. to be in flower.


    iJiil8n

    miid~og" tobeinflower. -Dist. L~'Wiil8n.

    8 8 nlil8 n ?oogdoog"

    v 1. to blossom. 2. to flourish,

    blossom out. 3. to develop a rash (from venereal disease).


    81i1on

    lile:Jn11~~

    "jasmine,"

    lile:Jn~'W

    "poppy," 1ilani11

    "orange blossom."

    ?iid:'>og~ Shortfor 81i18f1'l18~ ?iid:,og"thoon"

    n~'vf~o11ile:Jn (lile:Jn,~'J) kalam/d:,og/ (d:,og/,hi:ia/)


    N cauliflower.
    r;]

    Prostitute! Bag! (term of abuse). 8n


    [J

    d~g/,

    dog",

    d~og"

    Pt writ. particle often

    lile:Jnn;'l[J1~
    lil eJ n n 1'W'W61
    'U

    (lile:Jn) d:,ogklOajmaaV (d:Jog")

    used with statements expressing negation, contradiction, or those correcting a misapprehen-

    orchid (the flower).


    ( lil eJ n) d:,ogkaanphluu" (d:'>og")

    sion. Usually makes a statement milder, less abrupt, or expresses reassurance. -Syn. VIS 8f1

    flower of the clove tree.


    liluf1n'vf611'U lil eJ n 'W

    .r

    '

    (lilun) d~ogkulaab/ (d~og")

    N rose.
    lil eJ ~

    com. -See also examples under 'vY S eJ n .


    GJ

    ( lil eJ n ) d~ogcan" ( d~og")

    N 1. asterisk.

    doon" V 1. to pickle. 2. to be pickled. 3.

    2. asterisk-like mark on a cobra's hood.


    lileJn'YleJ~ d~ogthoon"

    (a liquid) to flood, soak, cover (e.g. a paddy field) for a long time.
    wn lil8 ~

    N colloq.,derog. a loose

    woman, prostitute. -s y n.

    L61 LJlil!

    e l e g.

    phagdoon" N pickled vegetable. to preserve or pickle by

    o 81il e:Jn'YleJ ~ ?iid:,og"thoon"~ Prostitute! Bag! (term of abuse).


    lil eJ mJ'J AeJn t'if[J
    0

    m:Jn lil8 ~ magdoon" v

    slow fermentation.

    ( lil 0 n )d~ogbua"

    (d~og")

    N lotus (flower).

    lil eJ ~
    d

    lB.

    See entries below. to be related (of kindred).

    d~ogbta" N finance interest. lil on L~,1'1 fl'l.l ~"'W d:,ogbta"th6bt1'1n" N finance

    L n [.1 'llil8 ~ klawdoon" V

    lJ s 8 ~ lil8

    proon"doon" V 1. to reconcile. 2. to

    compound interest.

    compromise. 3. to reach an agreement, be in agreement. 4. to get along well (with somebody).


    lil81il d~od" V 1. to sneak (in), be unobserved, come

    lile:Jn~'W (lilun) d~ogfin" (d:,og") N poppy. lil un :w::: ~ ( lil eJ n ) d:,ogmal f?" ( d:,og") N jasmine.
    lil8 n 1~ ( lil on)

    d~ogmaaV (d~og")

    N flower,
    d

    unobserved.
    lil e:J'W doon' V 1. to be high (of land). N 2. highland. 'Yllil8'W thtidoon" lil e:J'W LiJ o ~

    blossom (of any kind). This is a general term; see note in main entry.

    N the highlands.

    doonmyau" pN Don Muang international

    quet, corsage. o

    airport N of Bangkok.
    (lil8f1)

    lil8n1~L'V'l~~
    -syn.

    d~ogmaajphl;}an" (d~og")

    lil 811 d~m'* V

    to steal (in), sneak (in), be stealthy

    N eleg. pyrotechnic display, fireworks.

    unobserved.
    lil eJ [.1
    (

    lil8n1~1~

    com.

    61 n) doojl (lOug') N 1. mountain. 2. Mount --.


    'U

    164
    'Cfl'J b 'IJ l'lfl 'J VI eJtJ
    ( A'W)

    rwu
    bYlJjeJ'WA-1

    chaawkh.lwlchaawd;:,;:,j/
    t-1
    ~

    myandan/ as, like.

    (khonl)
    'V
    I

    N e lab. colloq. mountain people.

    danl.
    ~

    Variant form of
    ~

    A~

    "like, as."

    VI eJ tJ d~V* V to be inferior.

    Vl-1

    d~nl

    N shield, protective cover.


    R

    LJ:w VI eJ tJ ( eJ tJ 1 ~ 'IJ eJ) pomd:W (jaanl, kh5;:,1)


    I

    lil-1

    ll

    in

    Vl-1 6 fi1J.J

    d~nd88ml

    original, primitive; at

    psych. inferiority complex.


    I

    the very beginning.

    VI 861611 d;:,;:,l~al, d;:,nl~al* C dollar. [f. Eng.]


    [i]:;

    A'l.iil

    dadchaniil N index {finger).

    da?/ sV at random, haphazardly, indiscriminately, promiscuously.

    Afi1 dadl V to bend, change {forcibly). AlilbbLIG11 dadplEEn/ V to change, modify, adapt.

    VI n ~ dagl V 1. to set (a trap).

    2. to trap, snare,

    Alil~:W dadph~m/ V 1. to curl the hair. 2. to have


    one's hair waved, get a permanent wave. o

    catch (by means of a trap). 3. to lie in wait.


    A eJ t1 An kh;:,;:,jdagl V

    1. to wait (for someone to

    ~1-1Afi1~J.J

    (A'W)

    cMandadphOml {khonl)

    come along his intended route). 2. to wait lying in ambush. 3. to wait in order to intercept (e.g. a radio message).

    hairdresser.
    Afi1 Gt'Wfi11'W dadls.lndaanl V to reform (a person).

    Ll 1 b ~ t1 u A A Gtu Al u
    ... d

    roon rianl- dad/ s.lndaanl

    Ann4J l ~ dagkablwaV
    Yl61:wtiln
    9 9

    to set out a trap. N pitfall{for

    N reformatory school.

    (Yl61:l-i) lumdagl(luml)

    A !ill Vl b'/JeJ -1

    dad1Mjch9anl 1. to tame, domesticate.

    trapping large animals).

    2. to be tamed.
    fi1'W dan/ V 1. to push.

    rl n lD in

    [il

    nr11'W

    da.gdaanl v 1. to suffer hardship

    2. to insist stubbornly, dog~Ant.

    for a long period of time. 2. to be in a dead-

    gedly.

    A'd1:W--

    pressure; oppression.

    ...
    Anbblil
    ~

    lock, at a standstill .
    (R'J) dagdtEI (tual)
    ~

    "" fi11
    N chrysalis.

    nlilA'W kodldanl

    to press; to oppress.

    A~ ~ da:ul V 1. to be loud, noisy. 2. to be heard.


    I

    no1~1 A'W kamlandanl N pressure.


    rl'W'fl:i-1 danlthuranl V to be obstinate, headstrong.
    9

    lil1l Li'fl nil danlpajtha:upaal

    resounding through

    the whole forest.

    ~ -1 A'W dyndanl V to be obstinate.


    fi1A'W du?danl
    9

    L~ ~ iil1
    ~

    doondanl V to be famous, renowned. Often functions

    V to be angry, furious, fierce.

    Vl-1 lD dan/ like, as, according to.


    ~

    ~~nrl'W phlagldanl V 1. to push, shove. 2. phys.


    to repel. 3. to put pressure on, influence. 66 l 1 A 'W rEEndanl N pres sure.
    fi1'Wiil'W,Iil'Wiil'W d~nd6n1, d6nditnl V 1. to brave the way,
    ~

    as a limited type of elf. meaning "manner,


    Q..l .....,

    kind,"asin

    lil-1'W'W,Iil~'W

    cl'

    below.

    iil ~ n611 1 dankiaawl


    aforementioned.
    Q..l

    as mentioned, as stated;

    "'

    "'

    make a way through, push forward, force one's way through. 2. to venture.
    fi14J dab/ V 1. to extinguish, snuff out, put out.

    lil ~ ~:; n 611 1 l9l eJ l Li'W dancaklaawlt:,;:,pajnfil as

    cl'

    follows, as below.

    2.

    A~ ~l "l dancajl as one wishes, as one has in mind,


    as desired.

    to suppress, abolish (thoughts, emotions). 3. to abate, die out. sV 4. extremely, shockingly.


    A 'd 1 :W-- death.
    ~

    A~ b ~:W dand88m/ as (it was) before, as formerly.


    lil-1'W'W dannanl like that, in that manner; like that,
    ~ ~

    fi14Jn61'W dabkllnl

    <l

    V to deodorize.

    of that kind; thus; hence; so.


    lil~'W
    ~

    A'U'I!'Ws dabkh.lnl V 1 it. to die (of the Buddha}. A'U VYJ dabch tibl V e 1 e g. 1. to die.

    :!1

    dannfil like this, in this manner; like this,


    ~

    s V to death,

    of this kind; thus; as follows.


    I

    dead. 3. co 11 o q. awfully, murderously. o ~-1A'UVYJ jinldabchtibl eleg. to shoot to death. o ;eJ'WA'UVYJ r:S;:,nldabchiibl colloq. to be awfully hot, murderously hot.
    rl'U bYJ8-1 dabphl88:rJ/ V eleg. to put out a fire. A'W-- fireman.

    :!f
    Q..l

    o 'IJ1'dVI-1'W khaawldannfil news such as this. o


    b1J'W:W11il-1'WYl611tJAn1 penmaaldannfil-laaj::::
    ~.,

    J(

    khraawl it happened like this many times.

    A-11J l1 nn

    danpraakodl as has appeared, as could

    be seen, as is manifest, evident.

    ~Syn. A'Ul~

    com.

    !il'U

    165
    or building), (sun- )deck. fire engine.
    ~'W!il11i1 hlndaadl N a rock ledge.
    li11'W
    <9l

    iill'U

    !il'Ul~ dabfajl V com. 1. to put out a fire. 2.


    to turn off the light.
    2. uiiil~.

    daanl V to be hard, compact, solid.

    -+S y n. 1. lil'U l 'V'l ~ 1

    e 1e g.

    ~'Wii\l'W dindaanl N the deep, hard, compact soils.


    li11'W ifl in
    li1 fl iill'W dagdaanl V 1. to suffer hardship

    !i1'U 1 'U
    'U

    dabwt1ubl 1. to go out, be extinguished,

    for a long period of time. 2. to be in a deadlock, at a standstill.


    li11'W ( !ill'W)

    snuffed out suddenly (of a flame, light). 2. to blank out, pass out suddenly (of a person).

    daanl (daanl)

    N 1. official station or

    !il'U~'Wt.J, !il'U~bl! ctablsuunl V lit. to die out, to be


    extinct.
    llij] n!il'U thgldabl

    post. 2. military post. 3. customs house. 4. port of entry. 5. frontier town, outpost, outlying

    1. to be ruined.

    2. to perish.

    regions. 6. border route or pass.


    rll 'W l 'iJ 1

    'V'l!il'tfll'Vl!:'ll~!il'U
    'U

    pht1ud1-namlajlfajdabl V colloq.

    dl o ~ ( !ill 'W )

    daankh.1wmya:o 1 ( daanl)

    to chatter away, talk a blue streak, talk rapidly and profusely.


    ll'I'H A'U 1 LJ l 1.1 tJ phee:ol-dablpajl;::,;::,j' co 11 o q.

    immigration office, post (at the point of entry).


    li\1 'WJll ~ daanphaas I il N customs station, customs

    post, customs house.


    bl'l eJ ~ iill 'W mya:odaanl

    extremely expensive.

    N border town, frontier

    A'U'U~'J, lil'U b'iJ!:'lt.J, !ilmJ~1 dabbaliwl, dabbliwl, dabM;::,::::


    'U

    settlement.
    !ill'W
    <9l

    juul,

    dab~njuul,

    dabpliwl the English letter

    d.1an1 C 1. side, part (as of a room), sector

    "W." [f. Eng.]


    !ill
    <9l

    (as of a city). 2. side, line, field (of research), direction, viewpoint, aspect. -..Cf. b~ ~ "' ..., o :W'Vll s1 :W'Yl Hb 1l ijj bb!:'l'W ~ fl A 1 'W eJ l :W fl1 mabaasamudl::; ?:dleentlgl-d.1anl?ameerikaal the American side of the Atlantic.
    fill 'Wt.J 11 B A1 s1 ijj

    in !ill

    " b'IJ 1 Vll daalkh.1whaal to advance to(

    wards in a group, in a body.


    li\1 lD in bb:W 11i11

    A 1 , Fl'W)

    mee:odaa 1 N 1. king

    '

    crab or horseshoe crab (tual). 2. water bug (tual). 3. s 1 ang gigolo (khonl).
    li\1 daal V to curse, speak abusively to, scold. Fl'l-- abuse (in words), cursing. Fl'lli\li\1 khamldu?daal

    aspect.
    ~

    '

    a d.1anljudthasaadl the military

    li\l'W'Vl!:'l ~ d.1anla:ol the rear (as of a house); in the

    '

    abuse.
    li\1 'Ylil daath:J:JI V 1. to curse, revile, speak

    '

    N a scolding, (words of)

    back.

    1'W; l'W najd.1anl o 1'W li\l'W fll:; Fl l


    v v

    in the line of, field of. najd.1anlkaankhaal in the field

    abusively.

    2. to exchange abusive or oppro-

    of business, on the business side.


    l'liiibb'\Jii\Wl'W

    brious language.
    iill 1 1 daaw.1al V speak abusively, swear at.
    !ill~
    <9l
    I

    m)1ydlphd<Manl idiom. to be in the

    dark, be completely lost (when trying to figure something out).


    c)

    daa:ol V to be mottled, uneven (of color).

    li1'1!il1 ~ damdaa:ol V to be unevenly black.


    ~11 ~

    61 bVl61 t.J:W!ill'W'/.J'W l'W ( ( rt1ubl)

    ~'U)
    'U

    slillamld.1ankhaniianl

    tD
    ~

    daa:ol N alkali.
    I

    N parallelogram.

    b n1:1 eJ l'lll

    ( a t.J 1 1 , 'J'W li1 )

    klyadaa:o 1 (jaa:o I, cha::::

    iill'W ifl d.1an1 V 1. to be hard, callous, coarse,

    nfdl)

    N basic salt. 2. to be

    rough. 2. to be brazen, shameless. 3. to be a dud (of explosives).


    4-' v iilil iill 'W

    li111i1 daadl V 1. to line, pave (with).

    lined, paved (with).

    d}1yd.1anl V to be obstinate.

    ~ li\lli\ fiidaadl N com. smallpox. NOTE. Commonly spelled ~li\l"eJ ; see under li\l"e}. -+Syn.

    Vl'W lli\l'W n.1ad.1anl V to be shameless. Vl'W l'Vl'W 1.


    I

    -.s y n.

    -..Ant. Vl'W 1'U 11 .


    (l~ml)

    L~Fl1;m'li"eJ,l;mY1"eJ
    li111i1 lD
    V

    eleg.

    li\1 'U

    ( b 1:1 :w)

    daabl

    N sword. N bayonet.

    See entries below.


    I

    li11'U1JG11t.JD'W

    (5'W)

    daabplaajpyynl (?ani)

    li\lli\~ 1

    ( lb'Vl~) daadfaal (h:ol)

    N deck (of ship

    iill 'U /'W

    ( b ~ :w)

    daabs.1nl

    (l~ml)

    N dagger.

    fi11tl

    166
    ( l&l:IJ) mtiddaab' (l@m')

    fi11')

    ilfi1fi11tl fi11tl61 fi11JJ

    N sword.

    A 11 VI>~ ~JlVI, ~ 11 ~JlVI daaw/phri!ph!ph6b/, daaw:::

    (eHA) daabod' (?o:u') ( fi11JJ) d~am' (d~am')

    N lit.,eleg. hermit. N 1. handle, hilt,

    ph!ph6b/ Earth. -Also A 1 'l l~ n .


    lil1'lVI>n;ls daawphnfpht1d/

    Mercury. Pluto.

    A 11 VI>~~ l.l daawphri!jom/

    holder. C 2. idem; elf. for pens.


    fi11J.J'l.J 1 n n 1 ( fi11J.J) d~amlpaagkaa' (dtiam')

    A 1 di'IS ~~n s ~aawphri!sl:lg/ Venus.

    A 11 VIS~ L ~ 1' daawphri!sliw/ Saturn.

    penholder.
    ;1JJV'W ( ;1JJ)

    Al'lVIS~51A1S daaw/phri!?a!Jkhaan/ Mars.

    d~ampyyn'

    (dtiam')

    N gunstock.

    lill1l.lbllil~

    daawmarydtajuu/ Uranus.

    LVI~bleJfi1;1JJ
    fi11tJ

    majlth:,::>ddtiam' to be brand-new. to mow excess or un-

    n~:W1711 1

    ( n~:w)

    klumdaaw' (klum')

    N constella-

    in

    fi11tJVIbll1 daajj~a'

    tion.

    wanted grass or weeds; to weed.


    fi11 tJ 11 See entries below.
    ~

    l ~ lil1 1

    1tJ, 'W eJ 1)
    ( lil 1 1)

    khajdaaw' (bajl, fJ;,:u')

    fried egg.
    lill 1 l A~ 1 :::;VI lil1 1 l ~ tJ J.J

    1 tJ lill tJ :u~ajdaajl V

    1. to be easy, very easy,

    daawkhr:)?/ (dua:u')

    N planet.

    simple. sV 2. easily, simply.


    lillill tJ duudaajl V to look on without lending a

    "'

    earth
    lil1 1 l bl

    "' satellite.

    ( 61 n )

    daawthiam' (lO.ugl)

    N artificial

    hand; to remain indifferent, on the side lines.

    daawthaj' N 1. Orion (the constellation). one given to sponging off of others.


    n ( lil d ~ ' A'W)

    l~tJiilltJ siadaajl V 1. to feel sorry (about something lost, or about a lost opportunity). 2. to' deplore, regret. 3. to be regrettable.
    eltJ llil tJ 1 lill tJ juu'diawdaajl to be lonely, alone.
    I "'

    2. slang
    lill ') 'lJ

    ~:::; n 1 tJ'Vi r

    daaw'prakaajphcyg'

    N 1. the morning star (duau'). 2. slang a young beauty (khon'. duau'). rectly written --.Qpp. 1.
    -'Vib] n"d.

    "'

    ..,

    -+Sometimes incorlill 1; 1.

    1711 tJ

    ( lii'W, Vl6l eJ rl)

    dtiajl (s@nl,

    l~::>d')

    N thread;

    -+Also

    (cotton) string (used for crocheting).


    n ~ eJ lil1 tJ kr::>::>d~ajl

    lil1'J'l.J~:::;"!'ll~El'l.
    ( lil 1 1)

    V to wind thread or yarn into

    lill 1'l.J ~:::; :;(1l ~1 'I

    daaw'pracammya:o'

    a skein; to wind a skein of thread or yarn onto a spool.


    l '/J 11il1 tJ l '/J 1 l '/J JJ kh~wdtiajlkMwkMm' V i d i o m.

    (duau')

    N the evening star. -+Opp. lil11


    <II I

    LJ:~::;n1tJ'Vi~n.17111~'1.
    .9

    lill 1 'Vi :1::; bAn :::;VI

    ( lil 1 'I)

    daawphnl.kbr:)? I (dua:o')

    to be crucial, decisive.
    "lJ

    N planet. N thread
    lil11 ; 1 ( lil 1 " , A'W)

    lil'ltJn~:w

    (n~J.J)

    dttajklum'(klum')

    daawrD.:o' N 1. morning star

    commercially wound into a ball.


    ;1tJ1vr:w (l;'W,1"!,VI6leJiil)

    (duau'). 2. a renowned beauty (khon', duau'). -+Also


    l

    d.1ajmiljl N silk

    lil11'lJ~:::;n1tJ'Virn.

    -.opp.

    lil1'J'l.J~:::;~'1

    thread (s@nl for strands; cajl for skeins;


    l~::>d'

    J'l eJ 1 .
    ( fi1 1 n) daawryau' (d~::>g') ( l'I'W) ( fi1 'J" ) ( lil'l -1)

    for spools). N strand of (cotton) thread.

    lill 1 l "' ~ eJ -1 lil'W-lil1 'db] n"cllill 1 L61 n lil11VI'W1

    N marigold.

    lii'Wiill tJ s@nd~ajl lil U l ( lil 1 ~ , A'W)

    marigold plant.
    daawr~ag 1

    daaraa' N 1. star (dua:o'). 2.

    (dua:o')

    N fixed star. N the earth. N

    stage or motion picture star (khon 1, dua:o').


    lill ~ 1 ~ 161 fi1 ~ lil16l in

    daawl5og' (dua:o')

    daaraasaad' N astronomy. V to be furious, boil-

    ( fi11 1, A'W)

    daawnau' (duau 1 khon 1 )

    b~ eJ 171171161 dyaddaan'

    motion picture star.

    ing mad.
    lill'J (rl11,A'W)

    daaw' N 1. star, planet (dua:o').

    "' lil11VI11
    b AeJ lill 'l Vl11ilfi111

    lil1 'JVIJ.J

    ( VIJ.J)

    "' (lil'J~)

    daawmuu' (muu')

    N constellation. N comet. the North Star.

    daawhilau' (duau') daawnya' (duau')

    2. stage or motion picture star, a renowned beauty (khon', dua:o').


    NAMES OF THE MAJOR PLANETS (elf. A11)
    A11VIS~ Ln~ daawphrak~ed/

    "' lill 'l bVI'WeJ

    ( lil 1 ~)

    ( fi1 'l )

    syadaaw' (tua')

    N leopard. N

    Neptune.
    '-'

    "' observatory.
    I

    (VIeJ,llVI-1)

    M::>duudaaw'(h:b',he:o')

    A 11'VIS ~VII]~~, A 11VI1]~61 daaw/phn!pMryh1l.d/,

    fi11 'l in

    fi11 -1 lill 1 taa:od.1aw'

    1. foreign country.

    2.

    daawpMryh1l.d/ Jupiter.

    (as. n. mod.) alien, foreign. -+See cross ref.

    167
    fil1"ee daad' V to be plentiful, abundantly distributed. fil1"effil'W ctaadd)ryn' V 1. to be plentiful, widely
    d

    lllnlll1.
    9

    ~ 1 lil'1 phlwdam' N dark skin; dark skinned.

    distributed, full of. sV 2. plentifully, abundantly, commonly.

    ~lil'1 shdam' N 1. black, the color black. V 2.


    to be black.
    b ~ eJ lil'1
    "

    ~fil1"ee fHdaad' N com. smallpox. -Sometimes


    spelled

    ( wl'J)
    'V

    syadam' (tua')
    I

    N black panther.

    ~ fil1 fil , which is considered to be


    fil1 fil <iJ.

    'Yl'W 11il,1'Y1'W 1 bb~1

    ~ eJ t.i rl'U n~adam'n~adeeu'- juuka:: 'II

    etymologically correct; see under -.Syn.


    'II

    colloq. to be busily engaged in (e.g. work). Has the force of English "have one's nose to the grindstone."
    ~t1 i>:J dam' V to dive.

    L~Fl1;m'W"ee,1;m'W"ee

    eleg.

    o 'lliil n ~ fil1"ef pluugflidaad' V 1. to vaccinate (against smallpox). 2. to be vaccinated.


    fi1'1 <iJ dam' V 1. to be black.
    I

    ..,

    2. to be dark. N

    lil'1'W'1 dammiam' V to dive into water.

    ..,

    n~:::fil1'Wfil'1

    (bb~'W)

    kradaandam' (ph'tn')

    b! eJ lil'1'W'1

    ( 61'1)

    ryadammiam' (lam')

    N sub~

    blackboard. ....
    b'/.) 1 n ~::; lil n fi1'1 kh.iwkraduug'dam'
    'II

    marine . i d i 0 m. 1.
    lil'1 m dam' V to transplant (rice). lil'i'W 1 damnaa'
    .J

    to be deep- seated, ingrained. 2. deeply, intensely.


    bb'l.!n fi1'1

    V to transplant (young rice plants).

    eJtJ 1 ~- - deeply, intensely.


    khb:gdam' (khon') N 1. Indian

    1Ynlil'1 pag'dam' V to transplant (young rice plants).


    I

    ( Fl'W)

    in

    lil:J:Jiil'1

    d)rymctam' V to feel deeply, have a

    with a very dark complexion. 2. Negro.

    deep feeling (for something, as an artist for art).


    lil''1 b'fi'W

    1 "llil'1

    cajdam' V to be merciless, mean, selfish,

    damna;ml V 1. roy. to proceed, walk, go.

    unsympathetic, unscrupulous.
    lil'1'1Ji'U damkhlab' to be a very glossy black. lil'1 b ~ tJ 1 damkhlaw'

    2. e leg. to proceed, proceed with, continue. [conv. f.


    fi1'1 bil'W n 1 ~ b ~'W]

    1. to be greenish black,

    damnaan'kaan' V 1. to carry on the

    green-tinged black. 2. "black and blue," as in the following entry. o

    work; to conduct, run (e.g. business); to manage things. 2. to operate, be in operation, be in action.
    lil'1 bil'W ~ 1'W

    tJnJ11il,1b~t.i1

    f6gcMm'damkhiaw' colloq.

    to be bruised black and blue.


    fi1'11il1 ~ damdaau'

    damnaan'uaan' V to carry on the work;

    V to be unevenly black.

    to execute, carry out; to manage, administer.


    r1 1 ~ lil'1 b'W'W
    ( rJ 1 ~ )

    lil'1bblil ~ damdeeu' V to be reddish black, red-

    thaaudamnaan' (thaau')

    tinged black. o ~lil,1bblil ~ shdamdeeu' N 1. red-tinged black, reddish black. V 2. to be reddish black.
    lil'1D dampli' to be very black. lil'1fflil damp?d' to be coal black, jet- black.
    lil'1~~

    e leg. way, path, procedure. damrou' V 1. lit.,eleg. to endure, last. 2. to stand, exist. 3. to support, maintain, sustain. 4. to hold. 5. to establish. 6. to make straight. [conv.f.
    lil'1 ~ ~ lll'1bb'Y1'W ~ llln] -+Comp. 3. u'1H.

    lil'1~ lil
    lil'1~ eJ
    0

    dampyd' to be coal black, jet- black. dampyY' to be coal black, jet- black.

    damrou'tamnu' to hold the position

    of.
    lil'1i'8 damrad'* V roy. to speak, talk. [conv.f.
    'W ~::; ~ 1 'tilil'1

    d lil1J.J::; bJ.JeJJ.J dam'mam?am' to be jet-black and

    llli'8]

    glossy.
    lil1 bt.i'W damjen'
    0 "'

    i'8

    phnh~ad'chadamrad' speech (made

    N colloq. black iced coffee. slang.

    by the king).
    lil'1 ~ damrl ?*

    -+Syn.

    Le:Jbiilt.i~
    ~

    J(

    V e leg. to contemplate, plan, consider.

    ~'Wiil'1 dindam' N gunpowder.

    [conv.f. Ill~]
    A

    ~ n lil' TU ~ ~ 'W dyg' damban' V to be ancient, belonging to antiquity.


    b ~ n lll11il'1

    lil n

    dlg' sV entirely, perfectly, wholly. o niilJ.J~n klom'dlg' to be perfectly round, be a perfect circle. o
    b'Yl:lJeJ'Wrl'W~n myan'kandlg' exactly the same.

    'l deg 1 -taa' damdam 1 innocent child.


    N anat. pupil of the eye. -+Also

    lll11il'1 taadam'

    ~~

    168
    dlu' V 1. to be straight, direct. 2. to be vertical.
    818 ~ ~
    '
    '

    ' ~~

    oW'W~'W ph'yyndinl N the ground, earth, earth-

    surface.
    ( 818) saajdlD' (s~aj') ( ~8'W)
    v

    N sounding line. N vertical line.

    I'll ~'W faa' din' "heaven and earth." o ~'W'l'l1~'W86118 confaa'dinsal~aV until the end of the world. o '11 1 'l'l1 ~'W, -- 8 6118 chOafaa' din', chOafaa' dinsal~aV forever, in all eternity.
    J.,
    V
    A

    ~8'W~1

    s@ndlu' (s!n')

    ~Q'W dichan'* P def. w. sp. I, me. Paired with

    ~ru "you." -+Cf. rJd-J


    ill it. w. sp.

    I.!:J

    def.m.sp., fJQ'W

    ~Q dlthli' N eleg. day, date. -+Also


    ~'W din' N 1. earth, ground, soil, land.

    11a:::~Q.
    2. (explo-

    d-J'W"eW 6 ~'W~'W
    9

    ( Fl'W)

    manud'd88ndin1 {khonl) an

    ordinary human being (in the sense of not possessing supernatural powers).
    ~'W
    v

    sive) powder. -Dist. 1. 'Ufl. e leg.

    -+Syn. 1.

    on~
    0J
    ,}'

    dtn' V to wriggle, writhe, struggle.


    ~

    n u'W~'W k~::mdin' (k~:m') N a clod of earth.


    ~d-J~'W comdin' V to be embedded, buried {in the

    1 dtn'dgdeg' to writhe frantically. "' ~'W ~'W dtnron' V to struggle (to free oneself).
    ~'WU~fl
    lil~fii'W

    ground).
    ~'W ~ ~ dinc)ryd' N depleted soil.
    ~'W~ l'W dindaan' N the deep, hard, compact soils.
    ~'W~'1 dindam' N gunpowder.

    "'

    ,}'

    dlid'dtn' V to be affected, artificial (of

    manners).
    'l;rif'Wii118il

    h~jdtn'taaj'-si~

    idiom. 1. expression

    equiv. to "Cross my heart and hope to die!" 2. expression used to convey impatience at having to wait for something.
    A

    ~'W~~~'W (~~~~.~'W)
    ~ 'W '1'1 n 8 dinsaaV

    dindeen 1 (heu 1.ph}'yn 1 ) N

    region, area, territory. N sar..dy soil.


    lil'W

    "'

    IB

    818)

    dtn' (saaj')

    N tinsel (metallic thread

    ~W'~161:Wl'l'l

    din'.... naam'-..loml_,.faj' the four ele~'U


    A

    for embroidery). dlb' V 1. to be raw, unripe, green, uncooked. 2. to be crude, unrefined (as petroleum), unbleached (as cloth), untreated (by heat).
    A'W--

    ments: earth, water, wind, and fire.


    ~'WIJ'W '1'1 :i 18 dinponsaaj' N loam, sandy soil.

    ~'Wtl adh dinpraslw' N saltpeter.

    o fla~~'WLJ~:::l'h krod 1 dinpraslw' N nitric acid.


    ~'WV'W dinpyyn' N gunpowder.
    ~'W ~ rJ 1 dinpMw' N the baked or hardened clay
    d

    a man who has not yet entered priesthood. -+Ant.

    8n.
    9

    fl'W~'U kindib' V 1. to eat raw or while still unripe.

    of earthenware.

    ~A

    au 1--

    earthenware.

    2. colloq. to win easily, win hands down.


    'lrW ~'U'U 18 ~ kh~ajdlb'kh~ajdii' V e 1a b. colloq.

    ~'W;leJlfll~ dinfaat?aakaad' N climate. ~'W a:;; b'\J 111 dinrab88d' N explosive powder. fiiW1 u ( ~L'tn) dins~b' (thtu') N pencil.
    A I

    to have good sales; to sell well.


    li1

    ~ ~'U , J1- 1
    1 n

    ( 6l ~ ~ ) doudl b', paa' doudlb' (hu')

    8 u'\'1 u~ dins:'>;:>ph;:>;:>D' N a soft, prepared chalk,


    used as an after- bath powder for its cooling effect.
    ~'U

    N tropical evergreen forest.

    ' cooked.

    1 dlbdlb'sugsug' not well-cooked, halfV elab. colloq. 1.

    ~'W l V1tJ8 1 ( n eJ'W) dinniaw' (k~;:>n')

    N clay.

    l;~'Ul;~ d~ajdib'd~ajdii'
    well-<lff.

    1 ;~'W
    'Ylfii'W
    d<=>.

    tc1ajdin' underground, subterranean.


    (bbti61~,W'W)
    Cl

    to attain power, rank, prominence. 2. to be N


    v

    thtidin'(pleeu'.ph}'yn 1 )
    I

    piece of land; lot {for a house or building).


    d jA

    'W'l~'U namdib' N unboiled water. (Water must be

    o V1eJ'Yl:;; L'U8'W'Yl~'W ( 66V1~) h:'>;:>thabian'thtidin' (hu')


    v

    boiled before it is safe for consumption). _,.Ant.


    'W'18 n.
    0

    "-'

    N land registration office.


    '

    'W'lJJ'W~'W namman'din' N tar, coal tar.


    66WW~'W
    ( W'W, 66W'W~'W) phE:ndin' N 1. earth, ground,

    ~l~'U
    rJ 1 ~'U
    BJ 18 ~ 'U
    v

    ( UV1~) paadlb' (hu')

    N tropical evergreen

    forest.

    land

    (ph5Tyn'). 2. nation, kingdom, realm

    ( W'W) pMadib' (ph}'yn') unbleached muslin.


    majd'ib' N raw cotton.

    (phndin'). C 3. reign.

    "' 171. "' dii' the English letter "D." [f. Eng.] 171.
    "' 171
    0J

    169
    Lliltl~ doojdiil amicably, good-naturedly, willingly,
    unhesitatingly, readily.

    diil V 1. to be good, fine, nice. sV 2. well,

    nicely; nice and (e.g.cool), quite. goodness, virtue, good. eltJ 'l quality; well. o
    J.,

    A'd'ld-J--

    fl1~ thyYdiil V 1. to be proud, haughty, arrogant,


    self-assertive. 2. to dare, have the audacity to. o fl 1 ~ tJ' ~ 1 ~

    ~--

    good, of good

    -Ant.

    ih,

    6511.

    ~ ~ :l-11 1 1 ~wtJ'~
    1

    d1 "' 6 a 'l ~:; 1 'lJ'iH mrn Vi'W 171


    ~

    thyY 1 dii'jauuaV -thYu8

    rawcapajnAn'kanth!in.1jl-

    maawAa'cM.njauuii'~ How dare you talk like

    diil ~ Where would be good place for us to go sit? o 1'ln'lF1'!1:: 61i1 6ti'W171 ?aakaad'thalee'-jendii' The sea air is nice and cool.
    q "'

    that to me!

    1J 'l n ~ paagldiil V to have a loose tongue. This


    I

    term is used sarcastically.


    biJ'W 1

    U1 ~ ~

    penjaaudiil 1. quite well. 2. willingly,

    n~ k~diil "is (are) fine too." Often used correlatively; see cross reference for example. o n~6Vi!J1'Wil'W k~diil-myankan~ O.K., fine (it's all right with me). o 1 t1 1 ~ 1 an 171 jaaurajlk~diil even so, however,
    I """

    gladly.
    biJ'W el'W ~ pen?andiil

    1. well, very well. 2. willingly,

    gladly.
    ~ 171

    ".,

    ( A'W)

    ph11udiil (khon')

    N 1. nobleman, noble-

    woman. 2. gentleman, gentlewoman. 3. a refined person, person of refinement.


    'W 1 ~

    anyhow.

    'U'JbjJ~ khw.1ndiil V to be in good spirits, have


    good morale.

    ph:J:Jdiil precisely, exactly, just right (in

    size, amount, etc.); just the right moment; just then, at that very moment.

    A'W~ khyyndiil V to be reconciled.


    A:l-I~Ad-J:l'ltl khumdii'khUmnfajl V elab. colloq. 9 q
    1. to be alternately sane and insane.
    v "

    i'J~:lJntJ midiilmfniajl V elab. eleg. to be bad,


    evil, harmful.
    !J 1 ~

    2. to be

    half crazy, touched, mentally unhinged. 3. to be erratic, changeable in temper.


    <.-'

    myy' dii' V 1. idiom. to be a good ha:1C:

    (at some activity). N 2. a good hand, a good player. -opp.

    bAn::Vi~ khr5?dii' V 1. to be fortunate, lucky.


    2. fortunately, luckily, it's fortunate (that). -Opp.
    bA:J'l::Vi:Jltl.

    !lo b511.
    badness,

    1~ ~ m~jdii'
    (the) bad.

    to be bad, not good. A 'd 1 d-J--

    1~ ~

    cajdii' V to be good-natured, kindhearted.


    5i'U-- cMogdii', sob'cMogdii' V to have

    '"' lom'mAjdiil colloq. tobeinabad o 51J-Jl:J-J171


    mood.

    hJA ~,

    good luck, be lucky.


    1711 tJ ~ d11ajdii' 1. amicably, with good feeling.

    1~'!1'1~ m~jtham'diil to be bad; not to do good. tJ 'l n ~il 'l 'W jAagdii'- mii'con' e lab. colloq.
    (whether) rich or poor.
    A

    2. well, successfully, normally.


    li1 nJ 'l diikwaal, diilkwaa8 to be better, better
    <oJ

    ti'W171 ( '!1)

    jindii' (thii8) V to be glad, pleased


    rl'J l:l-1--

    than.
    ii'1 n kl

    (that).

    gladness, pleasure (state of

    dii'kan to be reconciled, to make up. 2.

    being pleased).

    Wukl dii'kh~n 1. to get better, improve.

    c<J'

    1 EJ ~

    in

    1~1 tJ ~ ( ~ 1)

    mAjjajdiil(t:'l::J8) to be indif-

    That's better!

    ferent (to), pay no attention (to). Often written


    -1EJ-.

    ~"1~~.~~~~ 1 dii'ciuL dii'ciuciu 1 ~ Thatlsfine!


    How nice!
    ~b'l diicajl V to be glad.
    Iii 51::: dii'la?~
    '\1

    " a~ ruudii' 1. to know well. 2. to presume to


    A'd'ld-J-- gladness.

    know; to know better; to know it all.

    -In mng. 2.

    Very well! 0. K.!

    All right then!

    used sarcastically, reproachfully; see cross reference. "' bl n~~ ~8gldiil N propitious, auspicious time.
    l]n~~l:l-JEJld-J~ ~8mpam 1 jaamdii 1 N elab. colloq.

    (as when indignant).

    ~bb;'l

    diiltc:w' L dii'ltc:w~ That's good.

    ~1n~1.'l dii?og'diicajl V elab. colloq. to be

    glad, happy.

    auspicious time.

    170
    fl H

    A b::>tJidii/

    V co 11 o q. to put to the test

    7. to kick (e.g. jerk sidewise, of a horse).


    Fl1'WAiil
    "' ~ Iii Iii nfl 'U
    v

    (as a law, by defying it; or a person, to determine his capabilities).


    fl 1 ~

    khaandlid' N lever. dlidklabl

    v to spring back.

    A laaudii'

    N good omen.

    Alii~'W dlidldtnl V to be affected, artificial (of


    manners).
    v

    1kiAAkiA wandii'khyyndii' e 1 a b. colloq. one

    fine day, (on) a certain day.


    ii1klflA sanugldii' V 1. to be fun, amusing, enter-

    AlillJ'l dlidnfwl' V to snap one's fingers.

    '

    A Iii fl nA Iii
    'II
    <T

    dlidllOugkhfdl

    v 1. to figure, calculate

    taining. 2. to have fun, have a good time.

    with an abacus. 2. co 11 o q. to figure the angles.


    YldJ'WAiil

    61'U1 tJ A sabaajldiil, sabaajldii V 1. to be well (in health), happy, contented. 2. (a place) to be comfortable. sV 3. well, comfortably. o ii1'U1tJ!il'li!JeJ sabaajldiir"Yt How are you. mon greeting).
    "' .,. I
    ? (
    9

    phimdlidl V 1. to type, typewrite. N 2.


    b Fl a eJ
    4
    ~--

    typing. 3. short for

    typewriter.

    "' 'U n diibugl Iii

    N 1. tin. 2. c o 11 o q. any alloy contain-

    com-

    ing tin as a primary component.


    n s::: lil1 '\>J-~ 'U n kradaadl diibugl N tin foil.
    9

    ik!A
    ~

    stndii/ colloq. much, very, extremely.

    A'IJ~ diiplii/ N a kind of long pepper.

    'Vl1~ A wlludii/ V to have good wishes, intentions.

    ~ n dygl V to be late at night.

    "'!'W Iii "' ~ 'V "'!'W ~ UJ 'V


    ~

    h~ndii/henuaaml

    V e 1 a b. e 1 e g.

    nf!1 ~ ~ n klaaudygl late at night, in the deep of


    the night.

    to agree; to approve.
    ~ 'V!'Wiil l 'Vlkl'lieJ'U ( fl'U)
    1::11 .;: ......

    Mndii/h~ncM::>bl(ka:::)

    ~fllilo1'US S'W dyg'dambanl V to be ancient, belonging


    to antiquity.
    "" n Iii d tJ dygdyynl ' ' Iii
    "" v

    <T

    e 1 a b. co 11 o q. to agree (with), approve, be in favor (of).


    c~...,.

    "' "' ~ 'Vl'W'Ii1'\J. "' -+Also ~ 'V!'Wiil,

    to be late at night.

    eJtJiilfl'Wiil juudiilkindii/ V to live and eat well,


    'II

    ""'

    have a fair standard of living.


    eJ 'llil A ?uaddiil V 1. to be impudent, bold, insolent,

    nIii n ~ 'IJ 1 togdyglkh.1w to get to be deep in the night. "" n t::>::>ndygl the dead of night; late at night. 1?1 eJ kllil
    1?1

    "" jaamdygl late at night. tJ 1d-Jiilfl


    Iii~

    impertinent. 2. to dare, i.e. have the nerve (to do such and such). -syn. 2.
    <T

    ""

    dYtJI V to pull, draw, tug.


    ~

    Fl11JJ-- tension.
    v

    DeJA.

    -+Ant.

    lii'W.

    eJ 1 :JJ.Jb\J.A ?aaromldiil V 1. to be in a good humor;

    ~ ~ filkl dYtJdanl V to be obstinate. -+S y n.


    "" Iii~ Iii Iii dYtJduudl V to attract.
    'II

    ~ eJ.

    to be agreeable, good-humored, good-natured. N 2. good humor.

    Fl11 dJ--

    attraction,

    gravitation. o ~ ~ lillil1 ~ dYtJduudl cajl V to appeal to, be ap'11

    "' 11 dii' Iii


    Q..J

    N gall bladder.
    I

    '1J 'lbJI'V!kllil ~ eJ khw~nnii/diit:J::>I V e 1a b. co 11 o q.

    q~

    pealing to.
    J' "" Iii eJ Iii ~ d}}ydYtJ I
    d

    to be startled, frightened, scared out of one's wits.


    A~ n~ e; diiklyal N Epsom salt.
    v

    V to be obstinate.

    lii'W dyyn
    d

    V to be numerous, abundant, common.

    lii1'\>J-Iilkl daadd)rynl V 1. to be plentiful, widely

    klo1A mimdii/ N bile.

    distributed, full of. sV 2. plentifully, abundantly, commonly.


    "" Iii nd lil'W ' ' I dygdyyn

    LaFIA~1kl r6ogldiis.1anl N jaundice.


    ~
    Gn

    dii' element inserted for the sake of rhyme


    and alliteration in the following.

    late at night. l Fl! eJ

    ~;w

    d)ryml V to drink.

    ~--

    beverage, drink

    'V!fl1tJDAfi1n l~ajlpii'-dii/dagl elab. colloq.

    (of any kind}.

    many, many years.


    A in AA

    ~dJ~o1 d)rymdaml V to feel deeply, have a deep


    feeling (for something, as an artist for art).
    d ' ' I lillillii:W duuddyym
    'II

    "'

    "'

    !dfildiil V to be very good, fine. Em-

    phatic form of
    "' Iii Iii dlidl

    A "1 .
    2. to flick.

    ) V to be absorbed ( emotionally,

    V 1. to tap on (with fingers).

    deeply affected.
    kl nIii ;w 61
    9

    3. to pluck (a stringed instrument). 4. to snap (the fingers). 5. to flip. 6. to spring back.

    a1

    ( Fl'W) nagdyyml suraal (khonl) -+Also 'Ufllii:W.


    ~

    N e leg.
    'Wfl~!iH
    ~

    heavydrinker.

    -+Syn.

    171

    b'VI611,
    I

    walk intent (on getting to one's destination), to walk with a preoccupied air, i.e., with head slightly lowered and without looking around.
    a'

    'W 1 ril:J.J n!iad)rym/ V to look good to drink, look

    inviting (of a drink).


    J' ril eJ d9Y/ V 1. to be stubborn, obstinate.
    2. to be

    lil:i'lJ1Hl durijaan' N 1. lit.,eleg. music.

    dull (of a blade).

    A 1 1:J.J-- stubbornness, ob-

    '

    2. mu-

    sical instrument.

    -Syn. 1.

    "' lil'WiilS

    com. Nor-

    stinacy. ---s y n. 1. ~ ~ rii'W. 2. ~ eJ . J' v ril eJ ril1'W d9Yd!ian' V to be obstinate.


    J' "' ril eJ ril ~ d9)rdyn' v J' VI 1 ril eJ hilad9Y/

    1~ril:i'lJ1~A (1~)
    chestra.
    ril61 q

    '

    won'durijaan'(won 1 )

    V to be obstinate. V to be bull- headed, stubborn,

    dunl, dun:::, dunla:::: N balance, scales.


    ~LJ~61

    n6bdunl N balance sheet; the balance. dunlphfnfd/, dunlaphfnfd/ N 1. careful,

    obstinate.
    ril du?/

    li161YltJ "l q

    "

    V 1. to be fierce, cruel, harsh, severe,


    I

    impartial, prudent consideration. 2. equitable judgment.

    cross. 2. to scold.
    Ao1ril rill kham'du?daa/ q

    N a scolding, (words of)

    &W , ~ 61lJ-

    dun/, dunja::::, dunlaja:::: N 1. balance,

    abuse.
    ril rii'W du?dan' q ril b ~ eJ li1 q

    equilibrium. 2. equality, comparability. V 3. V to be angry, furious, fierce.


    I

    to be equal, comparable.
    ~61lJJ11'W

    du?dyad' V to be furious, ferocioiJs,

    dunjapMab/ N equality, balance, equilib-

    savage (as in fighting).


    v

    eltJ 1 ~--

    ferociously,
    I

    rium.

    viciously, savagely (as of fighting).


    ~a
    I

    ril'~J-b~J11'W dudsaniiph!iab' N quiet, quietness. q


    .,_,

    1lJ du?raaj/ V to be ferocious.

    ~l b'VI11, 'W n-9

    ( lil 1)

    duwaw' n6gduwawl (tual)

    1 1 du? 'w~a' V to bawl out, reprimand.


    ( ri11) dug', plaadug' (tua 1 )

    the Malayan koel, a kind of large, black bird ( Cuculinae).


    ~

    An, 'IJ611--

    '

    N fresh-

    water catfish (Siluridae).

    duul V 1. to look, look at. Fl'W-- ,


    ~--

    2. to appear, seem.

    ril"l dud', dud'ca::::


    q

    Pp 1 it., e leg. the same as,


    v

    spectator, onlooker; the audience. eleg.

    like, as.
    Q..l

    -Syn.
    d v

    eJlJ1~n'U

    colloq. Icaphti::::

    -Syn. 1. 'lf:J.J
    Flllil
    '\J

    cv

    b'IJ 1:; nn'Wii1"l'W'WeJ ~ q


    v
    I

    khawnig'kan'-d~

    kh!iaduu' N admission fee (to theater, wres-

    n:S::>n'~ They love each other like brothers.


    ~ q 1 1 , ~ q ril ~ 1 1 dud'caw~a',

    tling match, etc.).


    Alillil
    v '\)
    'U

    dud'cadan' -w!ia'

    khfdduu' V to think over, ponder, deliberate.


    c~nduu'

    as if.
    ~'W

    "l eJ ~ ril lil n'i'l1 '\)

    V to stare at.

    dun' V 1. to push, push against, shove away. 2. to raise (in relief).


    611lJ ~'W laajdun'

    duu'kiilaa/

    to watch a game.

    -Cf. rii'W .

    ril bbA 61'W


    'U

    duukhlew' V to disdain, despise.

    N embossed design, design in

    ril ~ 1'W duunaan' V to observe, observe the opera'\)

    relief.
    ~'W

    tion (e.g. of a system), observe (something) in operation.


    li1 q:;
    'U

    d(ln/ C elf. for pieces of firewood, long fragments of bone, etc.

    duu'ca::::
    'U

    AA to seem, look like. duu'cakraraj/-juu idiom. 1.

    lil:J.J, 61 n-q '\)

    ( b:iJiil) dum!, lOugdum/ (medl) na::ril:J.J,61nna::lil:J.J.


    'l

    N button.

    li1"l::na::1~eJ~
    'U

    -Also
    ......
    q

    ttl

    to look inappropriate, funny, odd. 2. That looks rather odd!


    rillil1lJ
    'U

    lil:J.J611J duml:5:J/ N hub of a wheel.

    a~ lil:W ( :i~) randum' (ran') N buttonhole. q


    v

    duudaaj/ V to look on without lending a

    -Also
    I I

    HnS::ril:J.J,
    q

    hand; to remain indifferent, on the side lines.


    li1 bln
    'U'\J

    lil:J.J, lil:J.J q q

    1 dum', dumdum' V 1. to walk intent (on

    duuthuug 1 V to insult, look down upon, show insult. -Syn. ~'VI~'W.


    '

    getting where one is going). sV 2. looking


    I

    contempt for. r1"1-ril '111 '\)

    down (while walking), intently, with a preoccupied air (of walking).


    b ~'W~:J.J, b ~'W~:J.J q q

    duuth.a/ to look like, look as though; judging

    by appearance, behavior.

    dddndum', dddn 1 dumdum' to

    lill~ b~'W 'U

    duu'm!ijhl:'n' can't see (e.g. because of

    [il
    'U

    172

    darkness).

    take care of, look after. 3. to feast. can't tell, can't make it
    6 ~ 8 flli1 bb61lil
    'U 'U

    [ii1~D8fl duu'm~j?:J::>g'
    'U

    l?agduu', l?ag' duu::::

    to select.

    out {by looking).


    [il
    'U

    leeduu' V 1. to look, have the appearance.

    ' bsl'W
    ~

    duul~n'

    o b61 t:J ~ 11 [il b ww lfau'wajduul~n' to keep, raise 'U


    (e.g. a pet) for one's pleasure in watching (it).
    [ilbb61
    'U

    .,

    to look at for fun, for amusement.


    '
    I

    2. to look (at).
    61 D1lil s~uduu' V 1. to look at {through an optical
    'U

    instrument or by means of a mirror). 2. to throw a light on and see. 3. to look through (an optical instrument).
    'VIJ.J 81i1
    'U 'U

    duulee' V to look after, take care of, tend,


    ~--

    supervise.

    superintendent, overseer,

    caretaker, keeper.
    [il11
    'U 'U

    ( A'W)

    m3::>duu' (khon')

    N fortuneteller.

    duu'wfta::::

    to

    see that, observe that.

    bb8'U[il ?tebduu' li1li1 duud'


    'U

    V to peep, peek.

    o li11. 1 . 'VI~ Dl~

    duu'w~a:::: ...

    ryym.jl to see

    V to suck, absorb.

    whether. .. or not.

    lilli1fl~'W duudklyyn' V to absorb. 'U


    lillilli11 , li11li1li1 duuddYlJ' dyuduud' V
    'U 'U
    ~
    di ... ...

    !i1'VI'IT~ duun[u' V to see a movie. 'U


    !i1'VI'IT'I ~ D 'U '
    'U

    to attract.

    duu'nausty 1

    V to study {by oneself).

    A 11 J.J- -

    attraction, gravitation.

    li1'VI~'W duumln/ V to insult, look down upon,

    o ~1[illiiL"l dYlJdU.ud'caj' V to appeal to, be ap'U pealing to.

    despise.
    I I

    A11J.J-- contempt.

    -syn. li11lfl.
    CU'\1
    'U

    li1'VI~'W fll.HbAWW duumln'thlnkhlem' V e lab. 'U


    colloq. to look down upon someone because of his lower status {financially and socially).
    li1 b'VI'W duuh~m' V to be able to see.
    'U

    lilli1~J.J

    duudd}'ym 1 V to be absorbed (emotionally),

    deeply affected.
    6li1 fl ( A'W) deg' (khon')

    N 1. child (immature per-

    son). V 2. to be a child, to be young (rare; see

    li1 b'VI~ D'W duumyan' (it) looks as though, seems


    'U

    U1 bAn

    below). -Dis t. 1. 61fl


    'U

    "child" (rela-

    as though.
    li18 eJ fl duu?:J::>g/ V to ascertain, be able to tell
    'U

    tionship term). -Opp. 1.

    ;LVI~. 'U
    b ~n is used in place

    by looking.
    111:! 1 "lli1 truadduu' V to go over (something) care'll

    NOTE. In some instances

    of A'l.l "' (mng. 2) to form agent nouns when the agent is a child. Hence it is often equiv. to -er and is placed before either verbs or nouns; 1st and 2nd examples. It is also sometimes placed in front of certain well-established agentives made by other means, e.g. A'l.l "', 4th examples.
    0

    fully, examine for, check.


    'W 1li1 n.iaduu' V
    'U

    to be worth seeing, pleasant to


    I

    see, look at. -Syn.


    'U

    'W 1'11J.J e leg.

    b ~ 1li1 f~wduu' V to keep watching, keep an eye

    1J'n ; 3rd

    and

    -See

    Fl'W "'.
    waiter.

    on.
    'W Dli1 ph::>::>duu' colloq. quite, noticeably, percep'U

    b~n L~'l.l1;~
    walker." Cf.

    degdaant6?1 (child) waiter: "table

    mHA'WL;"

    0 L~nn~~
    o 'b

    LV1

    degkrapaw' (child) fare collector:

    tibly. o 1 fl61 'W J li1 klaj'ph::>::>duu' quite far.


    'U

    "purse-child." Cf.

    Frwn >~ btJ 1.

    ~ nA'l.l1;

    degkhoncMj' servant child: "child-

    'Wfili1 phfd'duu', phid'saduu' V to look at care'll

    servant."

    b ~n1J'n b

    SU'W

    degn&grian' schoolchild: "child-

    fully. 6YH Iii 'U


    ph~u'duu'

    student."

    V to stare at, gaze at.


    b [il n n :J::: bLJ 1 degkrapaw'
    "' +

    oWl [il fau'duu' V to sound, seem, appear. 'U


    d-J 81 [il
    'U

    N boy who collects fares

    m::>::>lJ'duu' V to look, look at, regard.


    <;

    on public conveyances.
    ..,

    :J:::~fl~1

    li1 ralyg'th}Tu:::: ... duu' to reflect,


    'U

    6 [il n flo1'W

    n degkamphraa' N orphan.
    .,
    N servant boy, servant

    think upon.
    61D1Aiilli1 b::>l) 1 khidduu 1
    'U

    6 [ilflFI'WL'li degkhoncM.j/

    "'

    V to think {it) over.

    girl.
    6A n'li1t1 degchaaj'

    61 D1 ~ b::>u'duu V to try, try out, try and see

    N 1. boy, lad. T 2. title placed


    "' v

    (what something is like).


    b 611.H Iii lfauduu 1
    'U

    in front of the first name of a boy, esp. one of school age. -Also 1.
    lli1fl~'li1l'J.
    'U

    V 1. to raise, bring up. 2. to

    -+

    Opp.

    173
    b An'Vlbl!
    "' A

    b lii'W

    ~.

    blow. 2. decisive trick or stratagem.


    N (child) waiter. b A'W den'* V 1. to be prominent, conspicuous, out-

    bAn b A'W 1;:::: degd<'l<'lnt6? /

    "' l'l1 A, 1 bAn


    bAn~'li1tJ

    '1 deg/taa'damdam/ innocent child.


    I

    standing. 2. to be clear, distinct.


    ~

    "' ..,
    <:
    'V

    degphfluchaaj/, -phuu- N boy, lad.


    bAWJ1tJ.

    b A'W'Iilil

    denchad/ V to be distinct, clear, evident,

    --Also
    A

    vivid.
    I

    bliln~Vlbl!~

    degphflujitJ/, -phuu6An'Vlbl!~.
    I

    N girl, lass.

    llil'WVl S 1 denri:la/ V to be conspicuously prominent,

    -+Also
    <t

    <t

    flaunted conspicuously.
    '\JJJ 6 A'W ( eJ 1'.1 1 ~ , 'IJ eJ)

    6 Iii n e-1 1 ue-1 A ( F1 , A'W) degfaafb:d/ (khflu/, khan/)


    'U

    pomden/ (jaau/, kh5:J')

    N twin children.
    "' .:!-' bAn 6 6W ~ bb n:::: deglfaukf:? /

    p s y c h. superiority complex.
    N 1. shepherd boy. b lil1 daw/ V to guess.

    2. one who cries wolf.


    bAnVlbl!~
    <:
    A

    bA'W daan/ V 1. to walk, proceed. 2. to run (as a

    degjitJ/ N 1. girl. T 2. title placed in

    watch, clock). 3. to run (as the bowels). 4. to run, direct, operate (a business, a motor). .-Cf. r1'1 btJ'W.
    fl'W b A'W D'W'W

    front of the first name of a girl, esp. of school age. -..Also 1.


    deg?~::m/

    bAn~Vlbl!~.
    N infant.

    <;

    <U

    --Opp. --syn.

    bAn'li11'.1.
    n1~n

    "' ' blilneJeJ'W


    ~

    eleg.

    khondaan/than~n/ N pedestrian.

    1'.1 ~ 6 An ( eJ ~) jaudeg/(juu/)

    "'
    c:

    is still a child, is still

    b A'W b; 1JJ 1 ( 1'W)

    da8n/kMwmaa/(naj::::) to walk

    young.
    ~

    in(to), come in(to), enter.


    c:
    ~

    n bAn l r;w ur;H , ~ n b61 n b AmbA~ lflugdeg/legdeeu/,

    <;;;

    b A'W F161 eJ b 1'1 ~ 1'.1 d8an/khb:Jkhlia/ to walk side by

    lflugleg/ degdeeu/ N e 1 a b. co 11 o q. infants and young children (collectively).

    side, walk close together (as of lovers).


    b A'WF1 1

    ~ d88nkhuau/ V co 11 o q. to walk arm in

    ~ 161 b ~ n bb61:::: btJ 1 'J 'li'W saandeg/lejawwachon/ N


    juvenile court.
    ~

    arm (with); to walk with (one's date) .

    ..,

    b A'W [;(1 d88ncam/ to walk hurriedly. Afln.


    b AWiW ~ 1 tJ

    bliiF11nn.J deekhaakram/ C decagram. Abbr.

    [f. Eur.]
    b A i d~u/* V to bounce.
    b A'li

    walk ostentatiously.
    b A'WiildJ,--

    '

    d8<'ln/chujchi1aj/ co 11 o q. to strut,

    deed/ N power, might.

    intent (on getting to one's destination), to walk with a preoccupied air, i.e. with head slightly lowered and without looking around .

    '

    '1 d8<'lndum/, d88n/dumdum' to walk

    blileUni':w deesikram/ C decigram. Abbrev. An.

    [f.Eur.]

    ..,

    "' A bA
    "'

    C9J

    ded/ V 1. to pluck, nip off, pinch off. 2.

    b A'Wbbl'IJJ d<'lanttem/ V co 11 o q. to maneuver,

    to sever, snap apart.


    llillil'01l'l ded/chiiwfd/ V lit., eleg. to kill.
    ;'jA

    make a tactical move (in politics, chess).


    b A'W 1;:::: da<'lnt6?/ V to serve, wait on a table. fl'W-- waiter, waitress. 6 ~ n b A'W 1;::::

    "' l>:i ded/ V 1. to be bold, resolute, determined. llillil


    2. to be decisive. sV 3. decidedly, unquestionably. o

    ( fl'W) degd88nt6?/ (khan/)

    (child) waiter, waitress. cajded/ V to be bold, resolute, detero

    1 ~ l ~A

    Vl~~

    bA'W1;::::

    (F1'W) jiud88nt6?/ (khan/)

    mined.
    bAA'IJ1lil dedkhaad/ V 1. to be decisive.

    waitress. 2. to
    b lil'Wbb m d88nthew/ V to march; to walk in line.
    bA 'W l'1 eJ ~ d88nth:J:JD /

    be resolute, firm. 3. to be absolute, without

    V 1. to letter in gold, print

    exception. sV 4. definitely, absolutely. 5. decidedly, unquestionably, very, extremely.


    blilA b lill'.l 1 deddlaw/ V 1. to be definite, absolute,
    "' d

    gold letters. 2. to be gold-lettered, with gold lettering.


    b ~'W l'11 ~
    C9J

    d88nthaau/ V to travel, take a trip.

    decided. 2. to be determined, resolute. --Syn.

    n 1:1-- travel, traveling (in general). fl'W--,


    '-'

    .. l:w blilA
    ..,

    1~J1.

    ~--

    ( l:w) miajded/ (maaj/)

    "

    'U

    traveler.
    +

    N 1. decisive

    o n:J::::b'IJ1b~1H11~

    (l'U,~n) krapi1w'd88nthaau/

    174 (bajl, 11lug')


    0

    N traveling bag, suitcase.

    a running of the bowels. N 2. diarrhea. -Comp.


    'Y11 ~ b ~'W

    b ~'W m ~ LliW ~ bll '1'1 d~~nthaa:r~ I dooj r6dfaj' to

    ;e:J~

    ditJ,

    a more general term.

    travel by train.

    ( 'Y11 ~ ,

    61 1 tJ)

    thaaud~~n' (thaau'. saajl)

    1'W;H~'Wm~ (eJ'W,n~:::LHJn,A1~)
    d~~nthaa:r~'

    fajfaa':::: N flashlight.

    N 1. path, trail. 2. f i g. channel.

    (?an', krab:,:::>g',

    dua:r~')

    J..I'W~tJ l A'W~'W ( fl'W) 9

    manud'd~~ndin' (khon')

    o Vl~~~e:Jl~'W'Y11~ (~:::1J'U) na:r~s)Ty'd~~nthaau'


    (chaba.b') N passport.

    an ordinary human being (in the sense of not possessing supernatural powers).
    :J::: tJ::: l ~'W

    o ll'Ub~'W'Y11~ (1'U) hlib'd~~nthaau' (baj') N


    trunk, footlocker.

    raja?ld~~n' walking distance.

    l!e:Jl~'W'Il:::b61 (61"1)
    b~ eJ b ~'WE.lJ.J'Il :J
    9

    ryad~~n'thalee' (lam') ryad~~n'samud'(lam')

    o eJ eJ n b ~'W '111 ~ ?:,:::>gd~~nthaau' to start out, set


    out on a journey.
    b ~'W'I11 ~ l!:i d~~n'thaau::::
    I

    sea-going steamer.
    ( 611)

    to walk by way of, along.

    ocean-going steamer.
    eJ eJ n b~'W ?~:::>gd~~n' V to start out, set out (to walk

    b ~'W '111 ~ bl'W'W 1 '\i!QI d~~n'thaa:r~than6njaj' to walk

    along the main roads.


    llil'W b'111 d~~ntM.aw' V to go by foot, on foot. fl'W-- person on foot, pedestrian. b ~'W b 'Ill bt/611
    <>I
    ~

    somewhere).
    l ~J..I d~~m' N 1. (as n. mod.) former, previous,

    original. 2. the origin, beginning.

    -Cf. "l.1l ~J..I.

    d~~ntMawpHtaw' to walk bare-

    !?)'~ b ~d-.1 dal)d88m" as (it was) before, as formerly.


    b ~J..I~'W d~~mphan' N the bet, the stake in gam-

    footed.
    b ~'W'Un d~~noog' V to walk; to travel on foot.
    b ~'W 1 til

    bling. o 11 ~ b ~J..I~'W waa:r~'d~~mphan' V to bet, place a bet.


    1i11J..I b ~J..I taamd~~m' as before, as previously.
    I

    ~'W:J..J1 , b ~'W 1 t/J.J1 d~~npaj'd~~nmaa', d~~n:::;

    pajmaa' to walk back and forth, up and down.


    b ~'Wtf1 b 'Ill

    d~~n'j~mtM.aw' to march (as sol-

    diers).
    b~'W :l bl d~~nr6d' V 1. to operate a line, manage

    lblil b lilJ..I

    teed~~m'

    from the beginning, from the

    first, formerly.

    a fleet of motor vehicles (as a bus line). to drive, operate a motor vehicle.

    2.

    'U1'Wb~J.J (lLV!~)
    native town.
    ,J
    A
    ,;;;>J

    Mand~~m'(heu')

    Nhometown,

    o ~::: biJ tJ 'U n l :l b ~'W ~ bl rablab'kaand~~nr6d' N


    1. regulations for operating vehicles, esp. a bus line. 2. the timetable, schedule of a bus line.
    b~'W :l
    l A'W :l
    ~

    bb :J n b :J J.J b lilJ..I'Il

    rtegr~~m'd~~mthii'

    e 1 a b. origi-

    nally, in the beginning.


    b ~ tJ

    ~ in

    - b ~ tJ ~ 61 1 diausaa' bound form meaning

    "worldly wise, worldly wisdom," used only in

    b11 '1'1

    d~~nr6dfajl V to operate a railway.


    to walk straight (to).

    negative expressions.

    d~~nr!i'

    1~ l ~tJ ~ 611 m~jdia:r~saa'


    (as of a child).
    1 :l b AtJ ~ 611

    to be innocent, naive

    b ~'W l! eJ d~~nrya' V 1. to navigate, direct a ship

    on its course. 2. to operate a shipping line.

    "' "'

    ra:j'dia:r~saa 1 to lack worldly wisdom

    n1 :l -- navigation.
    o 'U~,;'Ilb~'Wb!e:J b:::>risad'd~~nrya' N shipping
    company.
    b A'W b 61'W d~~nl@n' to stroll, walk for pleasure. b A'W b'\il'W d~~nh;';'l~n' V co 11 o q. to walk.
    ~ ~

    (as of a child). l ~ tJ 1 diaw' V 1. to be single, sole (when preceded by a elf.). 2. to be the same (identically the same).
    fl'W--

    (seebelow).

    e:JtJ1~--

    sole,
    b AtJ 1,
    d

    solely, alone (see also below).


    LA A .
    tV

    -Syn.
    &

    l~'We:Jlnlf'l d~~n?aa.kaad' V to go by air.


    -Chiefly in compounds.
    o 'U ~

    -+Sometimes coupled with V!'W ~


    .....
    <:::1

    "one.

    o e:J'W'\il'W Hl'W b A tJ 1 ?annh:JI?andiaw' 1. one and the

    ,;m A'W eJ 1 n 1 f'l

    b:::>risad' d~~n? aakaad' N air-

    same. 2. single, united, inseparable.


    "' fl'W b A tJ 'd khondiaw' alone, unaccompanied, by one-

    lines, airline company.


    'llEH b ~'W th5:::>ud~~n' V 1. to have diarrhea, have

    self.

    175

    1 "1 l ~ rJ 'l
    .J.,

    cajdiaw' V to be faithful, constant (esp.


    j j

    nearby, now far away. llil rJ 'd llil rJ 'd


    ~

    in love): "single- hearted." 'lf'lll ') 'U l liW ') chOawtb'diaw' (for) a split second.
    I

    "'

    diawdiaw' in just a moment.

    "'

    llil rJ 'l 'W diawnfil now, at present, at the present time. l ~[J::; dla?l rM modifier used with filn "straight," fii1:W "follow."

    l 'lf'W l liW 'l n'U

    ch~ndiaw'ka~

    1. the same as. 2.

    in the same way as. l ~[J 'l n'W diawkan' the same. o

    1~

    "climb,"

    1'W'I.n:u:::

    lliW 1 n'W'W'W najkhana?t -diaw'kannan'

    "'

    l ~ eJ A dyad' V 1. (a liquid) to boil. 2. to be boiling (mad), ina rage. ---Dist. 1. fii:W "to boil (food)". A b~ eJ A du?dyad' to be furious, ferocious, savage
    9

    at that very same moment.


    0

    l1l'W b eJ b~ [J 'l n'W pennya'diawkan' to be homo-

    11

    geneous; to be well-blended, smoothly joined. o

    l1l'Wl~rJ'Jl~rJ1rl'W pensia:u'diawkan' in one


    voice, in unison.

    (as in fighting). l ~ eJ lilll;'W dyadkhten' V to be furious, boiling mad (at), very angry (with). l ~ eJ li\li\161 dyaddaan' V to be furious, boiling mad. F1 'd 1 :W- "' .;r ..,

    l ~[J 'l n'U diaw'ka~ the same as. lliW'lfi11[J in


    "'

    eW llilrJ'dfii1[J 'II

    c;

    juuldiawdaaj/ to be

    lonely, alone. llil [J 'l l A[J 'l diawdiaw' (in) just a moment.
    j "'

    anger, fury.

    llil eJ fill 'W eJ HJ'W 1 "1 dyadnya'r5:mcaj/ e lab. co 11 o q. to worry, be upset.


    c;
    I

    ~ l ~[J 'l thiidiaw' 1. a single time. 2. at once.


    3. exactly, quite, very. See cross reference. 'ilAl ~[J 'l nfddiaw' 1. to be tiny. 2. a tiny bit. ll'U'U l ~[J 'd rl'U bhb'diawka~ in the same style as,

    -see l ~ eJ A:i el'W. V 1. to boil vigorously.

    llilellii'\'1611'W

    dyadphl~an'

    2. co 11 o q. to be furious, boiling mad.

    "' eJ lil :r"'el'W dyadr5on' V 1. to be in trouble. 2. to llil


    worry, feel anxious, unhappy, upset. F1'd 1:W-trouble, worry. l ~ el'W
    (

    on the same pattern as, the same as. '\'1 S 'llil l ril [J 'l phrOaddiaw' all at once, in one gulp, in one fell swoop.
    )[J 1 '1 l rilrJ ') n'U

    lil ') '1)

    dyan/ {dua:u')

    N 1. moon. C 2.

    jaa:udiaw'ka~

    1. the same as. 2.

    month. -+S y n. 1. ll 'l.l

    lit.

    in the same way as. llil rJ 1 dlaw' V to be single, sole; to be alone. -+S y n. l ~ [J 1 , LlilA .
    d

    NAMES OF THE CALENDAR MONTHS


    b ~ el'W:Wn S 1Fl:W dyanm6gkaraa/khom/ January.

    b~WIJQ:WJ11i'I.IS dyankumphaa/phan/ February.


    b~ o'l.lil'l.l1 Fl:W dyanmiinaa/khom/

    "" d llillil bA rJ 'd deddlaw' V 1. to be definite, absolute,

    March.

    b ~ el'l.l bl-1'1!11<1'1.1 dyanmee/sllajon/ April. b ~ el'I.IV1f.1'1!1Jl1 Fl:W dyanphcysaphaa/khom/ -phcydsa-

    decided. 2. to be determined, resolute. llil rJ 'l 1Alii,


    ~

    1Alii llil rJ 1

    dlawdood', dooddlaw' V

    May.
    b ~ B'l.l:ll ~'1.11<1'1.1 dyanmfthunaa/jon/ June.

    to be single, lone, isolated. an"&S llilrJ'l ?ags:S::mdlaw' N 1. the set of consonant symbols which have no counterpart in another tonal class; namely, the semivowel, liquid, or nasal symbols which require a preposed VI or
    eJ for conversion from the low tonal class
    d

    b~o'l.lnSnlJ1Fll.J dyankarlfgkadaa/khom/ July.


    b~o'l.l~ Hl1fi:W dyansighlla/khom/ August.
    L~ o'l.ltl'I.I!J 11J'I.I dyankanjaa/jon/ September.

    b~81J~i;;1Fll.J dyantulaa/khom/ October.


    L~eJ'I.IVIf.1A~n11J'I.I dyanphcysaclkaa/jon/, -phrydsa-

    November.

    L~o'l.la'l.l'l1Fll.J dyanthanwaa/khom/ December.

    to the high tonal class. 2. any member of this


    ~

    LUNAR MONTHS
    'II

    set.
    j

    ---Opp. an"&H1.
    j

    L~el'I.I811J dyan?a.aj/ the first lunar month, approx.

    lfii[J 'l diaw' C 1. moment. 2. in a moment; suddenly. o


    -+AlsoLJ~::;lfilrJ'l.
    I

    December-January.

    -+Syn.

    At.

    L~o'l.l6 dyanjfi/ the second lunar month.


    L~ 8'1.1<11:W dyansllam/ the third lunar month. L~

    mw "1 Vl'WeJrJ lArJ'dlbn'dllfilnvr:wA

    kh~jkh~j/n:':lj-

    el'l.l~ dyansli' the fourth lunar month; etc.


    NOTE.

    diawktew'-teg'mod'l Easy; all the glassware will be broken in a moment! llilrJ 11 nfllfilrJ 'd 1nf1 diawkl~j/diawklaj/ now
    j
    <u

    L~fJ'I.I~b~1'1.1;1

    dyansli'dyanba.a/

    '"the fourth and fifth lunar months," around March-April and April-May, are the hot season

    l~ell.J

    0)

    176

    in Thailand, while the beginning of

    bm il '\.1 'Vi n

    black.
    lllil ~ n'1 dcclJkam' to be bright red, intensely red. lllil 1 'tJ'W dcclJ'kh~n'
    +

    dyanhog/ "the sixth lunar month," around the end of May, more or less coincides with the beginning of the rainy season. 6 ~ il'\.16bli~ "the eighth

    &'

    1. to redden, get redder.

    2.

    lunar month" was repeated in specified years to bring the system back into adjustment,

    i d i o m. to be exposed, revealed.
    lllil ~ lb'l dcclJcec' to be intensely red. bllil ~ ll'l lil dcc1Jctd 1, dcc1Jcecd 1

    b ~'W b ~ el'W

    lJ<mdyan' N salary, monthly salary.

    "'

    to be quite red,

    l ~ e:J'W n e:J'W dyank:,:m' last month. l ~ e:J'W l

    very red.
    lllil ~ Q TW dCClJCh<lan' to be very red, bright red. lllil

    n Iii
    ...

    dyank~8d' N month of birth.

    l~e:J'WQ1t.J dyancM.ajl lit. the moon is shining.


    l ~ 81.!111 n dyantog' the moon sets. b Iii u'W'Ilbl/;1 'l dyanth'iiltcw' last month, in the last
    "' d

    ~ llVlil dcc1Jchtd' to be bright red.


    d

    lllil ~ lllJ a li1 dcc1Jprdl to be bright, dazzling red. lllil ~ l ~ lllil

    dcclJ~a'

    to be light red, a faint red.

    month.

    ~ 1 a'
    red.

    dcc1Jr0o' to be distinctly red, strikingly

    b~uwi'llil dyanm~d' waning moon' -+Opp. b~u'W


    vn1u. b li1 u'l1t'J dyanjti' N the second lunar month. l ~ u'WVI ~ 1 tJ dyalllJaaj' waxing moon.
    "' d

    'llEJ~lllil~

    th;:,;:,lJdCclJ' N copper. boodcclJ' N blue ribbon (but literally a

    1ulllil1

    --.o p p.
    I

    "red ribbon" or "bow" which in Thailand symbolizes an award for the best).
    1

    L~uW~Iil.
    L~ e:J'WVI'W 1 dyannlia' next month. l ~ e:J'W 01 tJ dyan?.aj'

    [lu

    f. Eng.]

    tl1llli11

    ( ll'Vi ~) paadcclJ' (helJ')

    N deciduous

    N the first lunar month.

    forest.
    :Wiilbllill tJ 1 bblil ~ 1 ( rl1)

    1J~::~'1l~e:J'W pracam'dyan' 1. monthly. N 2.


    co 11 o q. menstruation, (menstrual) period.

    m6ddcclJ' (tual)

    N red ant.

    jaadcclJ' N mercurochrome. rOog'taadcclJ' N path o 1. conjunc~

    :iltJb~eJ'W raajdyan' monthly.

    aFl1111lllil 1
    ti vi tis.
    c;
    c;

    nvfiu~ b~El'W raaj's5;:,1Jdyan' bimonthly.


    ll HJl

    ~ 81.!, biJ'W-- rccmdyan', penrccm'dyan' for

    .:;

    ~n lf;ln blilnlllil~, ~n lliln LSJnlllil~

    ( Fl'W)

    lllugleg'::: N infants

    a month, for months.


    llfi 1 l ~ e:J'W sec1Jdyan' l ~ e:J'W lD in

    degdcclJ' l1lugdeg 1 legdcclJ' (khon 1 ) and young children (collectively).


    ~

    N moonlight. slijdyanl (tual) N

    1Gi"' l ~ EJ'W

    ( rl'l)

    Gi 1111 0 Fllllil 1

    ( el'W)

    sataalJdCClJ' (?an')

    N penny

    earthworm.

    (one cent coin). N 1. spur (of a cock).


    glllil ~

    l~e:Jt.J ( el'W) dyaj' (?an')


    2. v u 1 g. penis.
    Lllil dec' Pp def. Llli1 in rlnbbf'l ( rl1)

    siidcclJ' N 1. red, the color red. V 2.

    to be red.
    'v Vi'W 11il1VIW lbllil ~ e:J~ n'U n.adamlnfladcclJ'-juuka:::

    to, towards. dagdtc' (tua') N chrysalis.


    fl'W com.

    colloq. to be busily engaged in (e.g. work). Has the force of English "have one's nose to the grindstone."
    Vl'W 1lblil ~ nliadcclJ' V to blush, be blushing.

    lbliln dhg' V vulg. to eat.


    1

    -+Syn. See
    1

    lbli1n'Vi1 dhghaa' V vulg.


    v

    to eat: "to eat the

    plague." -+See also


    ~ ~

    tJii1Vl1.
    v

    llliln,lbliln

    dtg', &g&gl rM intensifierfor tfn


    ~

    0J

    Vl~Lbfi11
    ~

    muudcclJ' N Chinese-style barbecued pork. N American Indian.

    "have spasms," lii'W "writhe," Gi'W "shake."


    lllil ~ dcclJ' V 1. to be red.

    .!.-

    El'W b liltJWbblil 1 ?indiandcclJ'

    ""

    N 2. the Reds. nN 3.

    [ 8Wb A tJ W
    bbfil lil deed'

    f. Eng.]

    "Red," a nickname for children.

    N sunshine, sunlight.

    lc~llliH khajdCClJ' N egg yolk. See cross ref.


    b ~'Wbbli1 ~ lJ8ndcclJ' N counterfeit money.

    bbfilfi1nf;11 decdklfla/ the sunlight is strong.

    bblillilbl~1 dhdkhtlJ' idem.


    lblil lil ~ 1 decdda' the sunlight is bright. lllillil LlJStJ~ dhdprialJ'

    ~'klbli11 ciindcclJ' N 1. Red China. 2. Chinese


    Red(s), the Red Chinese.
    f'l,1lllil1 damdcclJ' to be reddish black, red-tinged

    "'

    the sun is merciless.

    1111 nblAiil taagdhd 1 V 1. to sun (oneself), expose

    177
    to the sun, spread out in the sun . 2. to be exposed to the sun.
    'W1~ll1bb[il[il
    NOTE. (1) When

    com.

    LoW

    is used to express means,

    (el'W) naalikaa 1 &ed 1 (?an 1 )

    N sun-

    it is usually best translated as "by"; 1st example. (2)

    dial.
    'U ~ 66(11 (i1 bandeed' V
    &
    v

    1~ 1J

    is frequently used in adverbial phrases

    to shield from the sun.

    where it is rendered in English as "with" followed


    by a noun (with ease, with haste) or else by the

    f.J ~ 66(11 V1

    phyndced 1

    V to expose to the sun, dry in

    suffix -ly ("easily," "hastily"); 2nd and 3rd examples. Less commonly it is translated "in";

    the sun.
    668~U[illil s~c:ndhd'
    EJ

    N sunlight.
    V to take a sunbath, bask in
    o

    4th example. (3) Another frequent use is to introduce the author or similar agent; 5th example.

    1'U 66V1 (i1 ?aabdted'

    b ~'\JTI1 ~ L~!J

    H11'\'l daanthaau'doojr6dfajl to

    the sunshine.
    bb[il'W deen'

    travel by train. o Llii!J 111!

    N 1. border, boundary. 2. land, terri-

    dooju~i' with ease, easily.

    o 1 lii!J b ~ 1 dooj rew' with haste, hastily; with speed, speedily. o 1 lii!J V 8 doojj!lo' in brief, briefly. o

    tory.
    6'lJiil66[ilW kheeddeen'

    N 1. territory, area, zone.

    2. boundary, border, frontier.

    s'lJ.ff~11JlliW'W11J

    n rOubnfi' thll.ajldoojnaajbo'

    cJ 1 tib6[il'W

    ' ( 66 VI~ ) chaajdc:c:n' (hen')

    This picture was taken by Mr. A.

    N border,
    L [illJ fl 1 1 :WA lil ~~

    frontier.

    doojkhwaam'khidthY1:J' with thoughts

    of you. Used as the complimentary close of a region, area, territory.


    'l'j ~

    letter to a friend.
    LlillJ 6 Q'!'j 1:;;,--

    :W6b[il'W phromdeen'

    N frontier, border.

    tl~ 1 ~ B ~

    doojchaph:)?l, doojchaph:)?l::;

    L~ ~ doon' V to be high, lofty, elevated. L~ ~ rl~ doondan' V to be famous, renowned.


    Llillil

    jaanjtn' in particular, particularly, especially.


    L [illJ

    ~ 1 'W

    doojduan' with urgency, with haste.

    dood 1

    tojump,leap.

    -Also

    n~:::Liilrl.

    LlillJA doojdii' amicably, good-naturedly, willingly,

    Llil[il '.;d.J doodrCJm'

    V 1. to make a parachute jump,

    unhesitatingly, readily.

    bail out (of a plane). 2. slang to play truant.

    L[iltllil~~ doojtron' directly.


    L lillJ lil Sl tl (i1 doojtal;:,;)dl thoroughly; with thorough-

    L{il;

    lD dood' V to be single, lone, isolated. -+S y n.


    Q

    61MJ1, 6[illJ1. L (i1 (i1 6 lil tJ 1 dooddlaw'


    d

    ness.
    V to be single, lone, isoLlilu liiSI tllil ~ tililr.l ~ doojtaEl;)d'r~;)dfan' el a b. colloq.,
    ./_,

    lated.
    Sill
    '\J

    i d i o m. safe and sour;sJ


    ( Sl n)
    '\J

    LA lil

    l0ugdood 1 (l0ug 1 )

    N ball, bullet,

    L lil tJ m lu doojthO.apajl in general, generally.

    ./_,

    slug (whatever is discharged singly).


    6Sl eli L lil (i1 l~egdood 1 Llil'W
    C9J

    nSill 1lilu m l tJ klaaw'doojtMapaV generally


    speaking. 1. by way of. 2. by (such and

    '

    ./_,

    N digit (numerical symbol).

    doon' V 1. to hit, strike (with destructive

    L lillJ '111 ~ doojthaan'

    effect). 2. to hit against, collide.


    Llilll.

    such) means, in (such and such a) way.


    LlillJ'rll ~ ~ b1l~ doojthaan'r6dfajl by railway, by rail. L[illJ'I1 ... l:w doojlthti::; ...
    d '

    doon 1

    V element used in making passive

    constructions. e leg. o

    -s y n.

    '\J

    blll

    ((.

    -.o is t. l;:i'U

    m~j::: without (being

    such and such, doing such and such); without doonkag'b;);)riween' to be quar(such and such happening) (e.g. without things falling).
    L lil tJ d.J 1ll dooj m~agl by and large; for the most

    1rl'W n n'U ~ 6 1m
    one).

    antined, confined to a specified area (by some-

    o LlillH'l1:::tJ1~ doonc;:,?tjaau' togetone'stire punctured (by someone).


    LliltJ doojl

    part, mostly.

    L!ill! l~ doojlm~j:::
    o o

    without (being such and such,

    Pp writ. 1. by, with, by means of. 2.

    doing such and such).

    with (e.g. ease). 3. by (such and such a person, as author, agent). -Syn. 1, 2 lil1tl. 2.
    tllJ1~

    Llilf'Jl~lJ1ll doojlma.jj~agl
    '\J

    without difficulty. without being

    LliltJl~;~nlil'J doojlm~jrU.usygtua'

    178

    aware of it, without realizing it.


    1rMJ S l'U doojr~-.Jb' around, all around.

    '\J S:::; n 1 s1~'\J S:::; n 1 S'Jii'W'I prakaan'dajl-prakaan 1 nyu 1

    hw l HJ'U S JtJ

    "'

    ...,
    t:J
    'll

    any one (of the aforementioned things). phO.udajl e 1 e g. 1. who, whom, anyone, any-

    dooj'rtabr5-.Jj' 1. in good condition,

    1~

    in fine shape. 2. smoothly, with smoothness.

    body. 2. who? whom? l YltJ '11 ~ phiaudaj' how, how much, to what extent, to what degree.
    l:W11~ m1adaj'
    d

    1~tJ6'l"1lil'U dooj'lamdab' progressively, gradually.

    1~tJ shW'I dooj'lamphan' by oneself, alone, singlehandedly.


    1 ~ tJ 611 S See main entry below.
    'lJ

    1. when? 2. when, whenever.

    LVl1l11~ heeddajl 1. why, (for) what reason, whatever reason. 2. why? (for) what reason?
    ltJ1'1Vi'WHJtJ1'11~ jaaunYt1 1 jaandaj' anything, any
    ' d '

    f:lnVi611nhtJ thuugE:>-.Jg'dooj:::: deceived by.

    '

    1 ~ tJ 61 TS

    doojsAan' V to travel (by means of a con-

    veyance), to take passage.

    n 1 s--

    traveling

    kind, any way (of a given number of alternatives); either thing, either kind, either way.

    "' (in a vehicle); taking (a vehicle). fl'W-- , ~-


    passenger. --+Cf.

    hw .

    1~

    ll

    in

    TI'W1~ thandaj' suddenly, immediately.

    ~11~EJ61U
    sage.
    'i

    kM.adoojsaan' N fare, cost of pas-

    --+Co mp. TI'WTI.

    l;
    d
    ~

    (1)

    d~j', ~aj';

    (2)

    d~j::::;

    (3)

    d~aj';

    (4)

    d~aV!

    ~~tJ

    611 S l Fl S 1 'I'U'W doojsAan'khJ1anbin' to travel

    V 1. to get, obtain, procure; to reach, attain. AA 2. get to, got to, did (indicating past time). sV 3. able to, can, could, might, may. 4. Yes. 0. K. All right! (in reply to a question). o

    by plane, to take a plane.

    Sf:l1~EJ611S (A'W) r6d'doojsAan' (khan') N 1.


    passenger car (as opposed to freight car). 2. bus.

    ~f:ltJ'W1ll.-htJ611S
    N bus.

    (A'W) r6djon'doojsAan' (khan')

    o
    c:

    l;rh d~jtham' did, did do. 'th1; thamd~aV! (He) may,


    "'

    can do (it).

    n1~
    o

    k~d~aj' (postposed, with

    lA"'

    as sec. vb.)

    1~

    &J

    dajl iA 1. any, any whatsoever. 2. which? what? -+Normally preceded by a classifier.

    can also; may; {it) is all right (to).


    LS1'l::;l'\J1VI'Wn1lil
    c: "'

    rawcapajnAj'k~d~aV! Wecan

    Fl'Wh (1) khondajl; (2) khon'daj' 1. any (person),

    go any where we like. o 1:::; l S nl A ?araj'k~d~aj'! Anything will do. Anything whatever.
    n'W
    c: "

    e.g. '11Vi 1 S Fl'W 1 ~

    thahAan'khondaj' any soldier.

    2. anyone, anyone who, whoever.

    1~ "1 dajdajl any (usually imparting a plural or


    distributive sense to the preceding word).
    'l b ~

    l; kind~av
    eaten.

    1. to be able to eat. 2. to have

    an appetite. 3. to be edible. 4. can be served,

    .J 'I Vi'W

    ... daj ... nyu

    '

    one ... or the other,

    either ... , any ... (used with elf.). -+Also


    .. Vi~'l .. h.
    ..... d
    ~

    l fl'U

    l;

    kebd~aj'
    in

    V to pick up (something lost or

    discarded by others).
    .....

    o 1'1M11~Fl"1Vi'W 'In l~
    k~d~aj'

    cMj'-khamdajlkhamnyn'-

    l~'Wl;
    'l'W l ;

    mi}L~'Wl; phaasii'uanrl~aj'

    income tax.

    You can use either word, any word. how much, how many, however

    cond~aj'

    1. until (one) obtains (something),

    l ~11~

    th~wdaj'

    succeeds. 2. anyway (in spite of opposition or prohibition). o

    much, however many.


    '\J ~::; n 1 ~ 1 ~ prakaan' daj' 1. what, whatever; what-

    soever; how, however. 2. what? whatever?; how? however?


    0

    kMwpaj'cond~aV! Hewentanyway. 'l:::: b~'W 1;,; 1 cahen' d~jw~a' it may be seen that. L~'Ul;l;J'dtJ cebkh~jld~jpuaj' V elab. eleg.
    L"IJ11'\J'l'W1;

    Vi~1'W'l::;'Yh'\Js::;n1S1~ loncatham'-prakaan1 ctaV!


    Whatever will she do?

    to get sick, be sick.


    'l"1l;
    d

    camd~aj'
    v

    V to remember, recognize, be

    l~il:WGJFl'J1:1-.J'lSHL~'\Js::;n1~1~ m~jmiimuun''U
    khwaamcin'-teeprakaan'daV! There is no truth whatsoever (in it).

    able to recall.
    l '111111 l~ ch1ath)'y'd~aj' V to be reliable.

    1Jn 1 :J l; cMjkaan' daj'

    V 1. to be in working

    179 condition, useable. 2. That's good! (said in praise). 3. It worked! know of. l;Y]

    ~ajlthiil

    V 1. to gain the advantage (over

    1~J'l; chajd~ajl
    l;n~'W d~jklln'
    scent (of). l;n'W

    V to be serviceable, useable,

    one's opponent). 2. fig. to be on top. -+Dist.

    fair, (all) right, valid.


    V to scent, smell, catch the

    l;61J~EJ'U. -+Ant. b~tlrl. l;61J~t.J'U d~jpriab' V to have an advantage


    have the edge (over). -Dist. l;Yl,
    b ~tl b1J ~ti'U.

    (over)

    -+Ant.

    d~ajlkan

    colloq. 1. to become intimate

    sexually (of lovers). 2. to become commonlaw husband and wife. 3. to get married. 1;n l :i

    l;e.J~ d~jpMn'

    V 1. to get results. 2. (something)

    to be successful, effective. l;( ... ) 6~:W 6 ~:W

    d~jkaan 1
    d~jkh'

    V 1. to be successful, workable.

    d~ajl(.

    .. )pMamtaam' V to

    2. It works! 1;lln
    1. to consist of, include, be (fol-

    gain more of (such and such), get additional (such and such). l;( ... ) 6~:wan

    lowed by one item or a list of items). 2. such as, namely, consisting of. 3. (a prize) to go to (someone). -+Cf. 1, 2. A eJ. o Vl'JVI:lFl :J eJ'UFl ;1 1;66n~eJ.

    ~j( ... )pMam'?iig'

    to get (such

    and such) in addition. 1;t'l'W. See as separate main entry below. 1;;'U

    Man~a 1 khr~::>bkhrua::::

    d~jrab'

    V 1. to get, obtain, receive. 2. to

    d~jkhph~b'! The head of the family is the

    have received. 3. eleg. expression used to make passive or pseudo-passive constructions;

    father. o :il~1~YIVI'W1lfil66n'Wltl n.
    .vdd
    'VI

    raanwanlthtinY!JI

    see note. -+Ct. t:ln


    'U

    ~ Lfil'W
    '

    d~jkb::naajk::>::>'! The first prize went to Mr. A.

    NOTE. In some instances elegant substitute for t:ln


    'U

    "'v lfil :J'U is used as the


    3rd example. In

    l;~ l 'l ( ~ 1) d~jkhaaw'(w~a::::)


    hear the news (of). 1;Fl'llJ.J

    V to hear (that),

    ~;

    other somewhat similar circumstances.l;;'U V 1. to make sense. 2. is not only elegant but also the word choice when a favorable result ensues, whereas 'U t:ln
    ~

    d~jkhwaam'
    (1,2)

    to ascertain (that). o

    and

    1~1;Fl1l:W
    khwaam'~

    m~jd~jkhwaam 1

    (3)

    m~jld~j::::

    Lfil'W tend to be used more often when an unfavorable result ensues. o lfil~'U661ilHH d~jnib'!E:nt~n' eleg. to get appointed. o l;;'Uml'U(1,1)
    'l.l.._,.
    I
    ~

    1. to be nonsense, make no sense.

    2. nonsensically, senselessly. 3. Nonsense! It doesn't make sense! l;Afil

    d~jkhfd 1

    1. to realize, become aware of.

    d~jrabs~ab'(w~a')

    eleg. to

    2. to regain one's senses.

    have learned (that); to have received confirmato get (such and such) tion (that).

    l~~(

    ... ) A'W

    d~j( ... )khyyn'

    back, regain (such and such).

    "' "' d~jrab'ba.adceb' eleg. to get o 1fil;'U'Ulfil 6'l'U


    injured, get wounded.

    1;~ l'Wl'lol d~jnaan'tham' to get a job, have a job. l ; 6 ~'W d~jnan 1 V to make money; to get (money). 1;1'1 d~ajcajl V to become overbold, be emboldened (to carry some action to excess). 1fil'II8 ( 11) d~jch~(w~a') V 1. to get the name of, be known (as). 2. to have gained the name of, hence to be considered, regarded as.
    "'d '

    d~j~ag' V to reach the auspicious moment. 1;~ ~ Fl eJ d~jlonkh::>::>' to be unfeeling enough to (do
    1;q n.; such and such). 1; 6 'l ~ 1 1;61 ~ -See cross reference. V 1. to reach the time (of).

    d~jweelaa'

    2. it's the time (to do such and such).

    d~j satl?'

    V 1. to come to (oneself), regain

    1v~oU d~ajlsi Sure! Certainly! 1;~'Ul~~~ d~ajdlb'd~ajdiil V elab.


    well off.

    consciousness. 2. to come to one's senses, colloq. 1. regain one's common sense. 1;6 ~r.J

    to attain power, rank, prominence. 2. to be

    d~aj'sla'

    V 1. to gain and lose, gain and

    spend. 2. to be common-law husband and wife. V to hear of, learn of, get to o

    l~~l'l:i l'U ~js~ab'

    ~eJ'U61nl;6~EJ l~::>blag'-d~aj'sia'

    colloq. to

    180 live together (as man and wife) secretly. o gain; to break even.

    ~'d'W1;l~tJ suand~aj.lsla-'

    N an interest (i.e. -+Also

    n tJ 1; raajd~aV N income.

    an involvement in gain or loss).

    61 'd'W

    1 ;1, 1;
    61 EI'U1;

    wajcaj.ldAaj.l

    to be trustworthy.

    1;~'d'Wl~tJ. oot:l 1tJ'IUJ61 'd'W 1~ l ~tJ


    I

    so;,bdAaj.l V to pass (an examination or

    J.:::o~

    faaj.l-thtimii-'-suandAaj.l::;

    course in school)

    sia-' the interested party, parties.

    Vl11; ... 1~
    Equiv. to

    Ma-'dAj::; ...

    m~V

    eleg. did not, has

    ~1; tii-'~aV V to conquer, take (e.g. a town). lu1; (1) pajd~aVl; (2) pajdiiaj.l, pajldAaj.l 1.
    (He) may, can go. 2. idiom. how can (you do such and such)! (rhetorical question with element of criticism); see example. o

    not, have not, not (often refers to past time).

    1~1; as adv. -aux. Vl11;1~ Mad~aj.lmAj.l eleg. cannot. Equiv. to 1~1; as sec. verb. <: l Vl'Wlln 1~ h~n-'kccdaaj.l to be acquisitive, covetous.
    I V

    1,l611::;1'll1; cajso?-'pajdiiaVL

    -pajldaaj.l-

    -syn.

    hil.

    How can you be such a scaredy cat?

    r:J~'VHlEJtJ1;( El~1~)
    by-product.
    d ..,

    pMn-'phb;,jd.1aj.l(jaau-')

    l 'VW,::; l~ (1) ph~acad~j::;; (2) ph~acadAaj::;, -d~aV 1. in order to, in order that, in order to get to (do something). 2. in order to get, obtain.
    l~EJ,::;
    d .., ..,

    EltJ 1 n1; jaagd~aj.l to desire, to wish to have. .., Ell, 1r1 ?aad::; ... d~aV might, may. o eJ1,n~1'd1; ?aadklaaw-'daaj::; it may be said. 1;fi'W dAjjin-' V to hear. 1;fi'Wrl'UV! d~jjin-'kaht\u-' to hear with one's own
    'U

    ears.
    lr1tJ'W1A'W~
    'l,.IA

    ... 1n1~

    ph~aca::; ... Mjdiiaj.l in order

    q_,.Q...'

    d~jjin-'d.1jfau-' elab. colloq. 1. to

    to be able to.

    hear. 2. to have heard of.

    in; (1) mid.1aj.l; (2) mfd~j::;; (3) mfd~aj.l; (4)


    mid.1aj.l l e 1 e g. 1. not get, gain, obtain, procure. 2. didn't; not get to, didn't get to. 3. cannot. 4. No! (general negative). -syn. com. o o

    rr~ 1~1;u'W
    of noise).

    fau-'majctAjjin-' can't hear (e.g. because

    llEI'U 1;B'W

    ?f::cb-'dAjjin-' to overhear (unintentionally).

    1~1;

    ~1;'1.11 ~ mfd,Ajkhaad-' incessantly; regularly. ~1;EJ::; 1~ (1) mfd~j?araj.l; (2) mfd.1aj.l?araj.l


    1. is of no use. 2. (one) will not gain anything.
    Iii t;,;,.l

    MIDDLE consonant. Pronounced t initially,

    Vl1 A1~1;

    MakhAa-'mfdAaj.l e 1 eg. to be invalu-

    d finally. The sound t as an initial middle consonant is also very rarely written with
    Iii n tog-'

    able. May be used by some speakers in the meaning "valueless."

    lJ .

    V 1. to drop, fall; to fall (straight) down

    1~1;

    (1)

    mAjd~j::;, m~jd~aj.l;

    (2) m.1jd.1j::;; (3)

    (from, into, onto). 2. to fall off, drop off, decrease, diminish. 3. to droop (as ears, tail). 4. to set (of the sun, moon). 5. to set in (as afternoon). 6. h o rt. to set (of fruit, pods, seed). 7. eleg. to lay (eggs). 8. colloq. to come to (such and such an amount), be approximately,

    mAjdAaj.l; (4) mAjdAaj.l l com. 1. not get, gain, obtain, procure. 2. didn't; not get to, didn't get to. 3. can't, cannot, unable to. 4. No! (in answer to

    1;1 V!J..I ; also

    used prohibitively).

    -See cross ref. -Syn. o

    ~1; eleg. r:JJ..I l~l;l 'll1 Vl'W pMm-'mAjd~jpajn&j.l

    I didn't

    come close to. 9. to fade (of colors). sV 10. down, through (completive sense); conclusively. -Dist. 1.
    ~

    go anywhere. o o

    r:JJ.Jl'lll~1; pMmpaj.lmAjdiiaj.l I can't go. rr~ 1~1; fau-'mAjdiiaj.l 1. to sound awful,


    pleasant; can't bear to listen (to it). 2. to sound unbelievable, unreasonable, invalid.

    6l:l-J,V!n6lJ.J.

    -Ant. 1.

    ~n.

    2,4.'/.J'W.

    un0

    3.

    v 4-' Iii n l n 1 El tog' k.1w?ti.1

    ~-

    to fall off (one. s) chair.

    o o

    a 1 A 11ii n

    raakhaa-'tog-' prices to fall, drop off.

    1~ l ~tJ 1~1;

    mAjsia-'mAjdiiaj.l to neither lose nor

    Vlliln
    'U

    huu-'tog-' to have drooping ears.

    181
    o
    l ~ el'Wiil n dyan'tog' the moon sets.

    ~n

    decorations, ornaments. NOTE. sometimes confused with off, arrange a marriage."


    ~'\JLLiil ~

    Iii nLL~ 'l

    is

    o ~ n ~ ll togdyg' the deep of the night sets in. o lil n J 1 'l togruau' ears (of rice plants) to set. o o

    "to marry

    mnl~
    ~

    togkhajl eleg. to lay eggs.

    111 n ~ 'l ~ eJ tog'thYTimyy' to come to the hand of. come into the possession of.
    I

    n J eJ rJ '\J 1 '11 togr5ojlbaad' co 11 o q. it comes


    khfdltog' to have solved (a thinking

    to a hundred bahts. o

    lil n '\J 1 rJ

    togbaajl

    v
    v

    1. to be afternoon. 2. in the

    fi IY1 ~ n

    afternoon, when the afternoon sets in.


    lil n'U611

    problem), have gotten over (a life problem). o 61 el'U 11:1' ~ n tion. LL n ( ... ) 111 n ktc:'( ... )tog' V 1. to be able to solve (something), solve successfully. 2. to be solvable. AeJ ~ n kh:x>'tog' V 1. to drop the head, have a drooping head (because of sadness, disappointment). 2. to feel dejected. sV 3. (with) drooping head, crestfallen.
    ~!l!lJ:;-;

    togplaa'

    to fish.

    s:,obl~jltog'

    to fail in an examina-

    111 nll1 n , - - 111 n A"1 togpaag'. togpaag'togkham'

    e 1 a b. co 11 o q. to give a verbal promise, make a verbal agreement. 111 n l D'W"/J eJ 'l

    tog'penkh~ou' to become the property

    of, become (someone)'s.


    lil n eJ ~ n tog'phalygl

    to crystallize, deposit

    crystals.
    lil!l'WeJ1

    togbou' V lit., eleg. to lay eggs.


    eJ eJ!l l~ com.

    -+Syn. See 111 n'W 1 n


    togf~ag'

    togkra?t

    to be freckled.

    V co 11 o q. to be born: "drop to

    nn611 togkHla' V to sow germinated rice grain.


    --syn.
    '11eJIY1ll611.

    the floor."
    lil nd7'W togman' V (an elephant) to be in must, rut.

    ~nl~ togkhajl V eJeJnl~ com.


    ~

    eleg. tolayeggs.

    --syn. See

    n[) 1 n

    togj~ag'

    v to sink into poverty, become

    impoverished; to suffer hardship. 111 n J bl togr6d' V to miss one's bus, train, etc. 111 n n
    ~

    nA 1 'l togkhaau' V to be left over, left behind.


    J;
    I

    ~n LA~ eJ togkhrya' V (a bunch of bananas) to set.


    ~n'ln1'Vlbl! tog'c~gjajl colloq. (rain) to pour

    togruau' V (ears of rice plants) to set. tograau'

    lil n ~ 1 'l

    to be derailed.

    heavily.
    ~ n1 'l togcajl V com. to get frightened, scared,

    lil !lGH toglou' V 1. to agree (to something). 2.

    to fall (straight) down. n 1 ~-settlement.

    agreement,

    to take fright.

    A1 UJ-- fright.
    ~J:;-;'Vl'Wll

    -+Also

    lil ll
    ~

    n:;-;1'l colloq., -+Syn. iJ'W idiom.


    d

    eleg., 'IJ1bl! agreement, settlement. 2. points of agreement. N the


    ~

    LA J eJ 'l 'Vl:W 1 rJ ~ n1 'l khryaumAaj 'togcaj 1

    o lil nfi 'l rl'W toglou'kan 1. to come to an agreement. 2. to be settled, agreed upon.
    lilllfi 'l1'l togloucajl V to decide, make up one's

    exclamation point. Used with exclamatives and exclamatory sentences. eleg., tech.
    ~ n~'W togdin' V (the sun) to set.
    Iii ll "' An l "1J 1 togdyg'kh~wl

    -+Syn.

    eJA L'l ~rl

    mind A1 1 :W- o

    decision.

    l~lilll61 'l1'l

    mAjtogloucajl to be undecided, not

    V to get to be deep in the

    have made up one's mind.


    Iii nfin togHlug' V to give birth, drop young (of
    'U

    night.
    ~

    lllil :;-; n eJ'W tog'takoon/

    to precipitate.

    n 1 J- -

    animals).
    lilllL61Vrlil tog'loohld/ V eleg. to bleed excessively

    precipitation.
    I

    Iii n lilo1 togtam'

    v
    I

    to drop, decline, be declining,

    (in menstruation, in childbirth). -+S y n. lil n l ~ eJ IY1 com.


    lilll'Vl1rl togMajl V to be missing, lost (through

    falling 1ow. o
    l AHJ-j

    A1 1 :W- - decline. seed'thakld'togtam' N ecod A~

    n'llil n ~"1

    nomic depression.
    I

    having been dropped).


    eJ 'l--

    n lllil 'l togteu' V to decorate, beautify. l

    lillleJ~(1'W, rl'U,1;) tog'jtm'(naj~. ka~. t~j~).


    'U

    182
    See examples below.
    0

    lil'W

    Fl ~ EJ 'llii'W

    khn~nton'

    to live the life (of, e.g. a

    Iii

    nell! lw:w E)
    'U

    CO

    tog'juunajmyy' to fall into the

    bachelor, a hermit, etc.).


    lii'W b 1 ~

    hands (of). o

    ton?een' oneself, one's own self. More

    tJ~IilnEJ~1'WtJ~:; 'U
    Cambodia.

    b'tlA b'IJ:l-JJ jantog'-juunajpra:::

    emphatic than lii'W alone. o n 1 ~ 'lJ n Fl ~ 1 ~ lii'W b 1


    ~ kaanpogkhn~n'ton?een'

    th@ed'khami:!en' still remains in, falls in

    N self-government.

    Iii n el'U tog?abl

    1. (a person) to fall, sink into

    o W:J rJ lii'W b 1

    dOajton?een' in person; by oneself,

    poverty, reach the depths of (his) downfall. 2. to be fallen.


    iii:;1''Wiiln tawantog' com. west.

    as oneself, personally. o !ill :w1 "llii'W b eH taamcajlton?een' to do as one

    -.syn. '\J~:;~d-J

    likes, follow one's own wishes.

    l it., e l e g.

    --.The literary and the common

    l~vthuil1

    bU'Wiii'W m.jpentua'penton' to be unformed,

    terms for the eight chief points of the compass are listed under
    i11i1 n

    amorphous, not to have taken shape.

    f1 A.
    N omitted character

    ~:wi1~:Wiii'W lyymtua'lyymton' V to forget oneself.


    11 ~ lii'W waanton'

    ( i1) tuatbg' (tual)

    V e leg. 1. to behave, conduct

    or letter (in printing, typing). '11'1 ( ... ) Iii n tham( ... )tog' to drop (something), let (something) drop.
    .'-' I

    oneself. 2. to place oneself.


    lii'W l!J ton'

    C elf. for giants, demons, hermits, as-

    cetics, and the like . N waterfall; falls.


    lii'W Wn'

    'Wolliln

    ( bb'VH)

    namtbgl (hen')

    N 1. beginning, source. 2. trunk, stalk.

    '\J6H Iii n plontog' V 1. to realize, become aware,

    C 3. elf. for trees and plants of all kinds; for stalks, stems, posts, and the like. 4. class term for trees and plants of all kinds.
    '\JfllrJ.

    come to the realization. 2. to know life (be aware of the vicissitudes of life).
    ~ 'W Iii n

    -+Ant. 1.

    fontog' it's raining; it rains.

    NOTE. lii'W is a class term, not a general


    ;'W

    'W ;;1~Iii n phladtog'

    to fall down, drop down.

    term. The general term for "tree" is

    1;,

    ~~Iii n jintog' V to shoot down, to drop (by shoot-

    Specific trees and plants are named by using the class term followed by specific terms, e.g.

    ing).

    6i EJ'U 1~ Iii n

    s:,~blajtog'

    ..,

    V to fail an examination.

    lii'Wnfl 'dU lii'W 1 1


    J' ..,

    "banana tree,"

    lii'Wn'VIfll'U "rosebush"

    ~Iii n s litog' 1. the colors fade. V 2. to have


    colors that fade. o

    "giant reed."

    '

    'IJ 1 ~ lii'W khanWn' at the beginning, at the outset. 'IJ'Wiii'W kh~nt5n/ V to begin, commence . b ~'Wiii'W n;:}nt5n' N finance J'W;'W chant5n'

    ~1~iiin
    "'

    sli'majtog' 1. the colors are fast.

    ..,

    V 2. to be colorfast.
    ~Ill in
    lilnn:;1"1 t6g'kacajl V colloq. to be scared,

    principal, capital, sum.

    beginning stage, beginning level,

    frightened.

    -+Var.of

    liln15l

    lower level.
    V;'W ( eJ

    Iii~~ ~ tanld 1 tanld 1 rM slightly. Used with words

    ~ Fl"', ~'\J)
    'U

    chiit5n' (?on', rOub')

    N (Buddhist)

    expressing sensations such as hunger, anger, pain, e.g. ~1 "hurt," etc.


    lillil tod' V com. to pass wind, break wind, fart.

    priest.
    lii'Wnfl'dU ( lii'W) t5nkl0aj' (t5n 1 ) N banana tree. ' lii'Wn:;Vifl'11ile:Jn (lii'W) Wn 1 -kalam'd:,~g' (t5n 1 ) N

    "hungry,"

    1nH

    Tl

    angry,

    II

    b Sl'U

    -.syn.
    lii'W
    @J

    fJ1(H1d-J

    eleg.
    v v

    lii'Wn:;v'lfl'1i.J~ (lii'W)

    ...

    the cauliflower plant.

    '

    ..,

    t5n'-kalam'plii'(t5n 1 )

    ton' N eleg. the self, oneself, one's own self. -+Often coupled with com.
    Iii 'd -+S y n. Iii 'd
    ...

    the cabbage plant.


    lii'Wn 1'W'W~
    ..,
    'U

    ( lii'W)
    v

    t5nkaanphluu' (t5n') N clove tree. t5nk.ampuu' (t6n') N 1. the rain

    lii'Wn1:Wi.J

    (lii'W)

    o ~:wi1~d-Jiii'W lyymtua'lyymton' V elab. colloq. to forget oneself.


    n1HbrJnlii'W kaanjtegton'

    tree (Enterolobium saman). 2. the East Indian walnut (Albizzia lebbeck).


    lii'W~Vif'J Tll

    -+Syn.

    lii'W"l1d-J~ ~.

    N phys. fission.

    ( lii'W)

    t5nkulaab' (tOn') N rosebush.

    183
    fil'lHJ'lft.l ( bl't.l)

    t6nkhanun' (t6n')

    the jack tree

    (Ficus religiosa).
    ;'W 1'W (

    (Artocarpus integrifolia).
    fil't.l 'IJ 1
    "' t;

    u~ 1 )

    t6nfaj' (MD') -syn.

    N com. the source

    ( 1'U)

    t6nkhila' (ba.j')

    N stub (as of a

    of a fire.
    lii'W:J.J:::: 'IJ 1 :W

    lil'W l ~~ ~ el eg.

    check), counterfoil (Brit.) .


    fil't.l l 'IJ:J.J

    ( l?l't.l)

    t6nmakh~am'

    (t6n')

    N tamarind

    ( l?l't.l)

    t6nkh~m'

    (t6n')

    N a shrub or tree

    ..,

    tree (Tamarindus indica).


    ( l?l't.l)

    of the genera Ixora, Pavetta, or Duperrea.


    lil't.!Fl ~ l:J.J ( l?l't.l)

    l?l'W:W:::: l;eJ

    t6nmakh5Ja' (t6n')

    N eggplant

    t6nkhraam' (t6n') N nape.

    N indigo plant.

    (the plant).
    lil'W:W:::: l ; eH

    l?l't.!Fl eJ t6nkh::JJ' l?l't.!Aiil in

    "'

    'Ylfi ( lil't.l)
    ( l?l't.l)

    t6nmakhyatMed' (t6n') N

    Fl't.lfil't.!Aiil

    ( Fl't.l) khont6nkhid' (khon')

    tomato plant.
    Iii 'W:W:::: 'W 1 1

    N inventor, author, originator. "' l?l't.l bFll t6nkhaw' N prototype. v "' lil't.l~'t.l'Yl't.l ( l?l't.l) t6ncan' (t6n') N 1. sandalwood tree. 2. nutmeg tree, short for l?l't.l~'t.l'Yl't.l l mi.
    lil't.l~ 1m
    9

    tOnmanaaw' (t6n')

    N lime tree,

    lemon tree.
    lii'W:W::::tl~11

    (l?l'W)

    "'

    t6nmapraau' (t6n')

    N marian

    plum tree.

    r (lil't.l)

    t6ncaamcuriil (t()n1 )

    N 1. the

    "' "' lii'W:W::::'W:ll'd


    ;'W:W::::

    (lil'W)

    t0nmaphraaw'(t6n')

    N the

    East Indian walnut (Albizzia lebbeck). 2. the rain tree (Enterolobium saman).
    l?l't.ln1:J.J~.
    v v

    coconut palm, coco palm (Cocos nucifera).

    --Syn.

    l~eJ1

    ( lii'W)

    t6nmafyau' (t6n')

    N carambola

    tree. t6nchaoob' (chaoob') N original


    lii'W:W:::::W'd ~ ( l?l'W)

    lil't.!Q'U'U

    ( Q'U'U)

    t6mnamilau' (t6n')

    N mango

    manuscript, source document.


    lil't.ll?l eJ t6nt;-,;-,l lii'WI?l1 G1

    tree (Jvlangifera indica).


    l?l'W:J.J:::: a:::: ( lil't.l)

    N original cause; source, origin. t6ntaan' (t6n') N sugar palm,

    t6nmara? (t6n')

    N bitter melon

    ( fil't.l)

    plant.
    l?l'W:W:::: G1:::: n eJ ( lii'W)

    toddy palm.
    ;'t.l1 m ( ;'t.l)

    t1'ln'malab;-,l (t6n')

    N papaya

    tBnsaj' (t6n')

    N banyan tree

    tree (Carica papaya).


    l?l't.l:W ~ ~ li1 ( lil'W)

    (Ficus bengalensis).
    lil't.llWlJ'VI't.l1 ( l?l't.l)

    "'

    t6n'maukMd' (t6n')

    N mangosteen

    t6nn:SJjnaa' (t1'ln')

    N rough-

    tree (Garcinia mangostana).


    lii'W:W'W b 'Ylfi
    L-

    skinned custard apple tree (Annona squamosa).

    "'

    ( lil't.l) t6n'mantMed' (t6n') N sweet


    ..,

    "'

    ;'t.l~eWL'VI~~
    l?l'W't.l"1 ( lL'VI~)

    (;'t.l)

    t1'lnn:5;-,jnoou' (t6n')

    N smooth-

    potato plant.
    v

    skinned custard apple tree (Annona reticulata). t6nnaam 1 (heu') N source of a

    lii'W:W'Wf.J a 1

    ( l?l't.l)

    t6n'manfarau' (t6n') N potato

    plant.
    lii'Wii'Wi:i"1ti::::'VI51

    river.
    lil'\.lulR:l.J ( lii'W) tBnpaam' (t1'ln')

    "'

    ( lii'W)

    t6n'-man'sAmpaHiu' (t6n')

    N palm tree

    N cassava plant.
    ri'Wil eJ

    (general term). [ti1R:l.J f. Eng.]

    t6n'myy' N idiom. the early phase or

    ;t~fTn{l ( ;'\.1)
    plant.

    t1'lnpbagchii' (t1'ln')

    N the coriander

    stage, the beginning.

    ;.w1 ;
    t5nphiij' (tBn 1 ) N bamboo stalk, ( l?l'W) t6nfarau' (tBn') N the guava tree.
    ri'WlJ l ~
    d

    ( ;'t.l)

    t6nmaaj' (t6n')

    N tree (of any kind).

    ;t.i1~ ( ;ki)
    stem.
    [ii\olf.J ~ 1
    L-

    This is a general term; see note under main entry. ( lii'W)


    v

    t6njaau' (tOn')

    N rubber tree, i.e.

    ;'W~'W
    lii'W~~

    ( lii'W)
    v

    t6nfln' (t()nl)

    N poppy plant.
    v

    the tree from which latex is derived.


    l?l'WlJ

    ( ri'W)

    t6nphluu' (t6n')

    N the betel vine. N the jujube

    1 bl

    ( l?l'W)
    ( lii'W)

    tOnjtitMo' (t6n') t6nrakam' (t6n')

    N oleander. N a type of palm

    lii'W~m 1

    ( lii'W) t6nphUdsaa' (t6n')

    l?l'W ~:::: n"1

    "'

    "'

    tree.
    WWb~~~
    (ll'VI1)

    which bears red, edible fruit. t6nphl88tJ' (heu') -Syn.


    ;'W1'W

    N eleg. the com.

    lii'W61::::~fil

    (lil't.l)

    t6nlamud'(t6n')

    N akindoffruit

    sourceofafire.
    ;'W

    tree.
    ri'WI;i'W ( lii'W)
    t6ns~n'

    h B ( ;'W)

    t6nphool (t5n')

    N pi pal, bo tree

    (t()n')

    N 1. pine tree (Pinus).

    lll'W

    184
    v

    lil

    2. any closely related coniferous tree.


    lii'W5i:W lii'WGtn lii'WV!'W ( lii'W)

    &1"111l'W

    ( &1"1lii'W)

    lamtl'ln' {lamtCln')

    N trunk (of a

    t6nsl'lm 1

    (tl'ln')

    N orange tree. N the teak tree. N navigator, steerslii'W


    9

    tree).
    b 5i :W eJ lil 'W b 61 :W eJ tl ~ 1 tJ
    sam<~8'tl'ln'- sam<38'plaajl

    ( lii'W) tClnsag' (ton') ( Fl'W) tClnh6n' (khon')

    man, captain of a vessel.


    lii'WV!:W1n

    V 1. to be consistent. sV 2. consistently. ' ~ in b lil1lil1,i ( lil 1) taw'tam)?/ (tua') N a large green sea turtle. Its eggs are called

    ...
    "-'

    ( lii'W) tl'lnmaag' {tl'ln')


    'II

    N areca palm .

    1 ~ ~::; f:1::;

    lii'WV!U' lii'WSl nvr1

    ( lii'W) t6n'j Iii, tl'ln'l11ugj Iii (tl'ln') lii'U


    I

    '" b:Wiil.
    tob' V 1. to slap, clap, pat. 2. slang to bribe.
    lii'U lil1

    N a type of tree which bears a sour fruit.


    11l'W bV!lil
    9

    ( tl ~::; n 1 ~'

    eHJ 11) tClnheed' (prakaan'.


    N giant reed . N sugar cane.

    tobtaa' V colloq. to deceive, fool the eyes

    jaau') N cause, origin.


    lii'WeJeJ
    .., ...

    (e.g. by placing the best on top).


    lii'Ubblil1
    I

    ( 11l'W) t/:)n?~:.:JI (Wn')


    v

    '

    tobteu' V 1. to decorate, embellish. 2. -+Comp.

    liiWeJeJtJ
    v

    ( lii'W)
    v

    tfln?~jl

    {t6n')

    to marry off, arrange a marriage.

    lii'Wfl'W'YirHl:W

    ( 11l'W) tCln'-?in'tMphalam' N the


    ~

    date palm. -Also written


    111 eJ 'W lil 'W

    - r.J 1 6'1 :W. N 1. the begin-

    o lii'UbbliHn1n1tJ (oneself}.
    lii'UDn

    tobteu'r~aukaajl

    todress

    ( lil eJ 'W) t:.:J:.:Jntl'ln' (t:.:J:.:Jn')

    ning part. 2. at first, to begin with.

    -o p p.

    tobplig' V to flap the wings.

    u ..,

    lileJ'Wtif;J1lJ.

    lii'U~eJ tobmyy' V to clap the hands.


    lii'U b eJ 1 tob'?aw' V slang

    1111lii'W tiiut6n' V to begin, commence .

    ....

    to extort.

    n1

    ~--

    bblillii'W teetl'ln' from the beginning. ...,

    extortion .
    lii:W

    b~eHlii'W 1J9aut5n' N eleg. 1. the beginning part,


    elementary part. 2. at the beginning. 3. (as n. mod.) introductory, preliminary.
    b'UeJ1tiSl1tJ. b~'W;'W pent6n' as a beginning. Commonly used
    ~

    tom' N mud, mire.


    b~'W lil :W pentom' V to be muddy.

    -Opp.

    lii:W tl'lm' V 1. to boil (food).

    2. (food) to be boiled. -Dist.

    2. slang to cheat, swindle, deceive.


    b ~ eJ lil "(a liquid) to boil."
    'iJ 11lii:JJ
    kh~a'-vtl'lm'

    in expressions of the type show below. o


    b0'W .. btJ'W;'W ch@n' ... pent5n' for example;

    N rice boiled to soupy con-

    sistency, rice porridge.

    such as (a list of things), for example. NOTE. This expression serves to encompass a ' list of whatever is being exemplified; hence b'li'W introduces the list and LtJ'W;'W follows it:
    "such~ apples,

    1~;:w
    J_,

    ('WeJ1)

    khajt5m' (hJU')

    N boiled egg.

    lil :W n E;J 'W t!'lmklan' V to distill.


    v

    lil :WV!:W t1'lmmi1u I V slang to make a sucker out


    'II

    of someone, make a dupe of someone.


    V!1lii:W huut!'lm' V tocook(ingeneral}.
    9

    oranges, and bananas, for

    example." o lil1bblili'W'W'WL~'Wiil'W:W1
    I

    li1 . :1 . Abbrev. of li11 a 1 ~


    "'

    the police, a policeman.

    t!

    t!

    tiiu'thwannan 1 -pent6n 1 :::

    lila 1 trou' V 1. to be straight, direct. 2. to be


    honest, upright. 3. to correspond, coincide, agree. 4. to be accurate, exact. sV 5. exactly, sharp (of time). 6. directly, frankly. 7. (directly) at, in, to. o
    d

    maa' from that day on. o

    bU'W;'W~1

    pentl'ln'wiia' for instance.

    ~tJWJ'W:olii'W ( rl'd) phajanchana?ltl'ln' (tua') N


    initial consonant.
    tJ 1 :W lil'W jaamt5n' N the first watch period, i.e.

    -..Ant. 1, 2. Al11. weelaa 1 slimooutrou' at four

    b 1 6'1"1

    ~L:W 11il a 1

    6-9 P.M.
    U'Wlii'W jyyntl'ln' V to remain growing, hence, to

    o'clock sharp.
    '/]eJ li1

    ai

    s1Ytrou' V 1. to be honest. 2. to be faithA'd 1:W-- honesty.

    be perennial. o 'WJlJ'Wiil'W ( lii'W, 'lftllil) ph1Yd 1 jyyntCln1 (tl'ln', chanid'}


    I "'

    ful (as a dog).


    ~

    Co'

    ""

    LlillJiil~~ doojtrou' directly.

    N perennial plant.

    lil:; 1 n Sl 1

    , 11-- trouklaau'. thiitrouklaau' in the

    b ~:Wiil'W r~8mt5n' V to begin, start, commence.

    middle, at the center. see n a .

    If a word is not found under lila ,

    185
    ~ ~

    111 S ~ fl'W'lJ 1:J.J ( fl'U) troukankMam'(ka::;) 1. to be

    'W 1 tJ 111 :i 1 hl

    ( A'W)

    naajtruad' (khon')

    N conductor

    opposite, the opposite of, contrary (to).

    2. on

    (i.e. ticket-inspector on a train or bus).


    l'UiilSdhl

    the contrary, conversely. 3. to be right across from each other.


    111
    ~ ~

    (~1J'U) bajtruad' (chabab') N certificate


    truan'(s~n')

    (certifying inspection).
    111S1'W
    (l~'W)

    fl'U trou'ka::; to correspond exactly to.

    N fetter,anklechain

    111~~'lJ1:W(rl'U) troukMam(ka::;). See 111~~rl'W'lJ1:J.J.


    111n

    (for prisoners).
    lil S iJ fl hl 'W lil
    <9J (

    l;11~ trou'kh~wl~V

    to set out to chase,

    lil S El n)

    tr~;:,g' (tr~;:,gl)

    N lane, alley.

    start in chasing.
    111 S ~ l ~tJ::; troudla?/ absolutely straight, very

    eJ n contr:,;:,g' V idiom. to be at an impasse,

    have no way out.


    lil S eJ fl l!J tr:,;:,g/ V to fill in, fill out (a blank). More

    straight.
    Iii~~ 'W'W
    :!;

    troumin' right over there. troupeu' V 1. to be absolutely correct.

    commonly

    ns eJ n.

    Iii

    s ~ l LJ ~

    111 S iJ ~ tr:J:J:U' V e 1 e g. to consider, think (it) over,

    2. to be absolutely straight.
    Iii

    think carefully. -Also lilS-- ,lilfn-- ,11ils'--.

    s ~ 1LJ Iii n

    :J.j

    1 troupaj/troumaa'

    ll 0 q. 1.

    lil S El:W tr;:,;:,m' V to be sorrowful. Chiefly in com-

    to be straightforward, honest, frank. sV 2. frankly, openly, straightforwardly.


    Iii S ~ S trourti'
    d

    pounds.

    -see also lil S :W.

    lil S :Wiil S El:W tromtr:J:Jm' V to be melancholy, sor-

    V to advance directly and quickly

    rowful, heartsick.
    lilS:::fliJ~

    (to).
    Iii~

    trak:J:J:U' V eleg. to hug, embrace. -Syn.

    1 l1 611 trouweelaa' V to be on time, punctual. right in front of, before.

    fli0111 com. lilS:::fl1S trakaan' eleg.,lit. beautiful, appealing.

    Iii S 1 Vl'W 1 troun.ia'

    111 'l:J.Jiil :i

    taamtrou' straight (of speaking), frankly. N 1. the straight path, the -Opp. '111HHJ:W.

    Chiefly in the combination taa I


    111~:::Qf;i

    1i1

    s:; n 1 s lil1

    trakaan'::;

    '111 ~ lil S ~ thaautro:o'

    eye- appealing.

    directway. 2. directly.
    d

    trakuun' N 1. family, clan, stock, tribe.


    cJ

    '111il :i ~ thtitro:u::; (directly) at, in; (right) at, in. 'U iJ fl111 ~ ~

    2. lineage, ancestry.
    lil
    ~::;

    'l

    b~;:,gltro:otro:u'

    speaking frankly,

    l111 HI:W tra?triam' V to prepare, make ready.

    frankly, to tell the truth.


    lil S :W trom 1

    -See

    llil ~tJ:W.

    V to be sorrowful. Chiefly in com-See also lil s El:W. V to be melancholy,

    111 S:; l1'W traween' V 1. to patrol.

    2. to roam, wander

    pounds.
    lil
    ~:Wiil

    about.
    lil S::; l1'Wlli'J'W~'W traween'phendin' to roam the coun-

    :i EJ:W tromtr;:,;:,m/

    sorrowful, heartsick. 111 :i 1 hl truad' V to inspect, examine, check. fl1 :i - inspection, examination, investigation.
    Iii :i 1 hl

    try, tour, travel about. Vl 61111


    ~::;

    b 1 'W

    ( A'W , 'W 1 tJ ) phontraween' (khon', naajl)

    N patrolman, policeman on his beat


    611 1111il
    ~

    n 1 :i truadkaan' V to inspect things, carry


    v

    :; b 1 'W

    l~adtraween'

    V to patrol, make the

    out an inspection.
    v

    --

    inspector. o

    rounds to inspect (a place, an installation).

    111 ~ 1 hl A'W truadkh6n' V to search (e.g. a person

    b~16111111i1S:::b1'W (611) rya'l~adtraween' (lam')


    N cruiser (a class of warship).
    I

    or place for concealed objects).


    lil S1 hl 111 truadduu' V to go over (something) care-

    fully, examine for, check.


    lil ~ 1 hllil

    '"

    lil~:;Vl~1'W

    tra:oaan' V eleg. tobemajesticallytall,

    stately, lofty.
    lil
    ~:;

    s1

    truadtraa' V to inspect, check.

    Vl'W fl tranog' V e 1 e g. to be frightened, alarmed.

    lil :i 1 hl Vl 61 truadphon' V to review troops. lil S 1 hl :i 1 'lifl1 :i truadr~adchakaan/ V to make an

    -s y n. See 111 n1 hl

    c om.

    lilS:;VltJ1l(11,~~) tranag'(w~a',-thy:o::;) V eleg. to


    realize, perceive, become aware (of).
    lil

    official inspection (of government offices, affairs).


    111 ~ 1 hl ~ El'U truads~:Jb' V to check, verify.

    s :;Vl'W

    tranli;

    vel e 1 e g.

    to be stingy, miserly.

    -Syn.
    Iii~

    'U l Vl'WtJ 1

    com.

    If a word is not found under

    see

    fl S .

    186
    .1.1 "' lii:J~V!tHlLV!tH.I'J
    J.,

    tranli/thlinlaw' V elab. eleg.

    'l'Wns~m.

    to be stingy, parsimonious.
    lii~~V!61'U

    Iii s'1 tram' V to endure, undergo. Iii s 1 n Iii s'1 traagtram'

    tralobl V eleg. todiffuse(ofitself),be --Also li161'U

    V to endure, undergo hard-

    diffused widely (as odor, dust). com.


    ~

    ship (esp. physical hardship).


    Ill f1t:J'W tramf<:inl V to be exposed to rain.

    li1 S 1 trau' pN Trang, a township in S Thailand. li1 s'U trabl V e leg. to listen. Chiefly in the follow~

    171! in

    l11~17l~eJ~ trl?troon' V eleg. toconsider,

    think (it) over, think carefully.

    "' nfil S 11, --Also filS

    ing expressions.
    Iii

    11il ;Iii s 1 ~.

    suw~ 6i iil'l.l-- trab'fau'. sadab'-trab1 fau 1

    c;

    IllS

    triil eleg. Nm three. Chiefly in compounds. --Syn. 611:W com. --Seealso filStJ.

    elab. eleg. to listen (to), listen (to) carefully, attentively.


    lil HJ trajl Nm e leg. three.

    Jufil S chantrii/ the third rank (from the top) in

    Of very restricted

    civil service.
    'W1tJ'WiilfilS ('W11.J,A'W) naajphontriil (naajl,khon 1 )

    use. --See also Iii s .

    "'

    'WS~ASSiii'WiiiStJ phnislilr<idtanatrajl the Three


    Gems (of Buddhism, viz. Buddha, his teaching, his disciples).
    Iii

    N 1. major general. T 2. Major General --.

    1J Sbllblllfil S (1J Sbllbll1) parin'jaatrii/, prinl- (parin::::


    jaal) N bachelor's degree.

    s61

    tradl V roy. to speak, talk, say, tell.

    -..Cf.

    1;iil S ( el'W)

    majtriil (?an')

    N the third tonal

    Iii

    s 6i ~ tradsaruul V 1. sac e r. to attain enlighten'll

    ..,~1s6i.

    marker ( --Dist.

    ) of the Thai writing system .


    b~tJU~

    ment (of Buddha). 2. colloq. to know.


    Iii S 1 (Iii S 1) traal (traa')

    "' filSn in

    filSnfilS11

    ..

    "hightone.''

    trygtr::>::l!J' V eleg. to consider, --Also


    filSii!S11,

    N brand (as indicated

    think (it) over, think carefully.


    1iil;filS11.

    by a mark, stamp, etc.), trademark, seal.


    b ~'Wiil S 1 u;:,ntraal N minted currency.
    ~ 'J U n

    "' tryu' V 1. eleg. tofasten,fix. filH

    2. tonaildown

    ( ~ 'J ~) duautraa' (duau') N seal.

    (to the floor), pin down; to nail (to the wall), pin up. 3. to transfix. 4. to be held in place, fixed (to).
    filS1l"l

    o ~'J~Iilnlus~iiltJ1ns
    niiljaak::>;,nl (duau')

    (~'J~) duautraa'-prajsa::::
    N postage stamp.

    IllS 1 'llll s 1 truadtraa' V to inspect, check. 111 eJ n 111 s 1 (us~ TI'U , 'U'W, lil ~ 'U'W

    tryucajl V eleg. to fascinate.

    l 6;,gtraa'(prathab',

    filHfi11filS~

    "'

    "' 1 "!

    tryutaa'tryucajl V 1. elab. eleg.

    bon:::, lou bon:::) V to stamp, seal.

    --s y n.
    s1

    to impress deeply. 2. to be impressive, make an unforgettable impression.

    '\Js~TI'Uiil s 1 eleg.

    ~Iii s 1 tiitraa' V to stamp. --s y n. 1J s ~ TI'l.l Iii


    el eg.

    ~li1fil1filS1l"l tldtaa'tryucajl V 1. elab. eleg.


    to impress. 2. to be impressive.
    fils~

    1J s ~ TI'U Ills 1 prathabltraal V e leg. to stamp,


    seal.
    61161'Wiil n
    "'

    ---Syn.
    10 Iii~

    ~liiSl,lileJnliln com.
    ~

    '

    trud' N new year observances. Chiefly in compounds.


    J.,

    ( Q'U'U) saanltraat~U' (chabab')

    fil s~t:J s ~ trud'farau'


    q "'

    N occidental New Year. N (Thai) New Year.

    credentials .
    Iii nn in Iii n nlil f1

    fil s~Gi ~ n s 1'Wfil trudlsoukraanl q

    traagtraml v

    to endure,

    Iii S truu 1
    'II

    V to swarm together (to), to run up --More commonly n ~. --Chiefly in

    undergo hardship (esp. physical hardship).


    liiS1'U traabl eleg. until.

    together in crowds.
    Iii S lD truu 1
    'II

    Usuallyasinthefollow-

    V lit. to be beautiful.

    ing examples.
    111:11'Ullil(l1) traab'dajl(thti::::)
    d
    1::

    compounds . as long as.


    fils
    'II

    .I

    truu' sV very early (in the morning).


    b'tilfil

    o liiS1'l.lllil(l1) ... liiS1'U'W'W ... traab'dajl(thti::::) ... traab'min'. . .


    I

    "'

    s 'II

    . chaawtruu'

    N 1. the early morning, dawn.

    as long as ... just so long ...

    2. very early (in the morning).


    fil R n talog' V 1. to be funny, comical, farcical. 2.

    Iii s 1'U l '111 traab'tMw' until, till.

    --s y n.

    "! 'W,

    If a word is not found under fil S ,

    see n S

    187 to joke, to clown.


    0

    Fl'U--

    clown, jester.
    I

    'l.ll11i161ll71

    (Fl'W) chaawtalaad' (khon')

    N colloq.

    Fl'U'Uiil61n~ ~ 1

    khonnfi/-talog'ciu' He's a very

    an unrefined, common person.


    '1.1 11 'U l 'W :J l 'W Iii 611171

    comical fellow. He's a real card.

    ( Fl 'U ) chaa wb.1an/ raantalaadl

    M1 Iii 61 n

    M1 'Fl'U)

    tuatalogl (tual, khonl)

    N clown,

    (khon') hood.

    N e 1 a b. co 11 o q. the whole neighbor-

    jester.

    111611171~171 talaad'm~d' N blackmarket.


    farce, comedy.
    Iii 61 'U
    C9J

    111611171161 n talaad'lt)og' N world market.


    Iii 611171 6i A

    talob' V to fold back, turn back, pull back. V to diffuse (of itself), be diffused, -Also Iii :l :::Vl61'U

    ( bb Vl1 ) talaad' sOd' (heu')

    N food market,

    f'1 61 'U lD talob'

    market in which raw, perishable foodstuffs are sold.


    Jll~llil6lll71 phaas~a'talaad'

    spread widely (as dust, odor). el eg.


    lil61 ill71 tal:,;,dl

    N the language of

    Pp 1. through, throughout. sV 2.
    .!,

    the common people; the unrefined speech of the market place, of the lower classes.

    throughout.

    -Comp. '111. Pp all the way through,

    "I 'Uiil 61 ill71 contaE'>;,dl

    Iii~ 1 (Iii~ 1)
    canal).
    Iii 1 1 tuau'

    tallu' (tallu')
    .!,

    N bank (of a river,

    throughout.

    --+Syn. rJ 1.

    1mJ Iii 61 el bl
    ness.

    doojtal:,;,dl thoroughly; with thorough-

    V to measure (the volume of) (by scooping


    d

    up or dipping up in a container of standard capacity).


    b Fl S eJ 1--

    volumetric device.

    colloq., idiom. safe and sound.


    lil61ill71n161 tal:,;,d'-kaan'
    .,}'

    Jt lil1l-.J bIii t'J l-.J tfiamttam'

    V 1. to be sluggish, slow.

    1. forever, indefinitely,

    sV 2. sluggishly, very slowly.


    11111171 tawaadl V 1. to yell threateningly, scold loudly.

    for all time. 2. everlasting .


    Iii Gl eJ A '/J'Ul-.J 1 "l 'U bl1 tal:,;,dl- kh~nmaa'conthYl:J'

    .,.

    all
    Iii eJ

    2. to yell at, shout at (harshly, angrily).


    (Iii iJ)

    the way up to.


    Iii 61 eJ 171 A'W tal:,;,dlkhyyn'

    t;,;,l (t;,;,l)

    N stump (of a tree).

    all night long, throughout


    lilel

    lii'Wiilel tt)nt;);,l
    C9J (

    N original cause; source, origin. (tua')


    .., 1

    the night.
    lil618171"l'W
    tal:,;,dlcon~

    M1)

    6;)1

    a kind of wasp, solitary tua6;,1.

    Pp 1. including. 2. (extend-

    wasp. Usually lil11i18

    ing) a!l the way to. 3. even to (what is specifie d) .


    lii6181716H tal:,;,dlthyu~

    lilel lD 6;,1 V 1. to join, connect, put together, con-

    .,.

    struct. 2. to continue, extend, add (on). 3. to Pp 1. including. 2. up to bargain, haggle. 4. to decoy (animals). sV 5. further, on, next. 6. to, towards, against. 7. per. Cj 8. when, at the time that.
    61::: lD ; see note under
    v
    1 1

    and including. 3. all the way to.


    Iii 61 eJ 171 'Ill~ tal:,;,dlthaau'

    all the way, all along

    --+Cf. 7.

    the way.
    Iii 61 eJ rrll tal:,;,d'pii/

    ~ eJ V below.
    to dream further that. (the odds are) three to

    throughout the year, all the

    o rJ 'W Iii eJ 1 l o m lilel


    <QJ

    fant:J;,Iw~a~
    s~am'6;,nytJ'

    year round.
    Iii 61 0 1711\J tal:,;,dlpajl

    on and on, all the time.


    "'

    one.
    1

    11161 eJ 171 :l

    omJ 1

    .!,

    taE'l;,d'r~IJdfau'

    idiom. all the way connection.


    d d

    through.
    Iii 61 eJ 171 611l-.J l

    tal:,;,dlloumaa' all the way down to.

    Fl :J 1111 8 Fl :l 1

    kh~u 1 t?:l;,kh~tJ'

    half and half, fifty-

    11161 eJ l7l b 1 611 tal:,;,dlweelaa' all the time. lil11171


    (bb'Vl~)

    fifty, (in) equal (parts).


    Flellilel kh;,;,t;);)l N nape.

    talaad' (heu')

    N 1. market (place).

    2. econ. market.
    'iJ l A Iii 611 A khaadltalaad'

    1 Fl :J ~elL Fl ~
    V (a commodity) to be
    "'

    khrajlt8;)khrajl person after person;

    anyone, almost everyone. Used when the speaker cannot or does not wish to specify names.
    1

    scarce, out to stock.


    "ll t'J Iii 611171 caajtalaad' v

    to buy the groceries.

    '1.1 l11i1 8

    chaau6;)' N tame elephant used as a decoy.

    188
    b~el:W~ ! ch?arn-'t::,;:,-' V to connect, join.

    lilA ! dii't::,;:,::: V to be good to. 111 S ~ 111 ! b 'J fl1 tron-'6;:,weelaa' right on time, punc-

    following, later on (in time). 2. next, further on (in space). 3. on (i.e. in continuation). NOTE. This expression implies direction in time or

    tually.
    111 ! n s to;:,-'k:J;:,n-'
    I

    1 it. to fight.

    --s y n.

    ""

    171 ! Gi

    'U

    space from a point suggested by context toward thefocusofinterest. --Dist.


    I

    corn.
    111 ! '11 n'\.l'W to;:,-' caagnan-' after that, from then on.
    I
    'V

    ~al'IJ.

    o 111l:W1 L'tJ1n bi.J6W'W1&~ to;:,-'rnaa-'-khawk~pllan-'caV!


    Afterwards he changed his mind.
    o 111 el:W 1l:wn 'J'W 6;:,rnaa-'rn~jkliwan-' not many days
    ' ld
    ~

    o;

    111 ! '11 n'Jii'W 1

    ~o;:,-' caagn~anyu,

    continued from

    page one.
    I

    171 !1111 6;:,-'taa-' V

    to meet the gaze (of), look


    0

    later.

    (someone) in the eyes.


    o

    ~ ! :w 1l~'W 1'W1Tn
    afterwards.
    "' d

    t:l;:,rnaa' -rn~jnaan-'nag not long

    Llilr!l~~eJI111 dooj'-rn~jt::,;:,-'taa-'
    (his) gaze.
    ""

    without meeting

    o 111 a:w 1 ! n'Yi'W ! r~ WIH to;:,rnaa'- ?lignoj'ny:u, to;:,:::


    n 1 S- -

    111 !1111'W 6;:,t~an-' V to resist, to counter.

    rnaa? iign~j'nyn a little bit later on.


    ~

    resistance.

    o 'J'WAeJ:W1 past).
    I

    wan-'to:Jrnaa' the following day (in the

    ~elL 't1 St-f'Wr)'


    call.
    I

    6;:,-'thoorasab-' V to make a phone

    171 ! b:W !

    to;:,rn?a' 1. when, only when, at the time

    111 !'\.J 1 n fl"1 6;:,-'paagkharn' 1. to talk back, argue

    that. 2. until, until later when.


    111 ! S ! ~
    171 eJ b !
    I o

    back and forth. 2. to have words (with someone).

    to;:,-'r::>::>D' V to bargain, haggle. to::>rya' V to build a boat.


    Cl

    ~ail

    to;:,pii' peryear. --cf. il61::::.

    NOTE. and il61:::;

    o 'tl1 ~ 171 ! l s !
    I

    ( Fl'W)

    cManto::>rya' (khon')

    Distinguish the positions of in the examples below.

    ~ail

    boatbuilder, shipbuilder.
    q..
    I <::::1

    111!61!111! l t:W~ 6::>15::>-'to::>thian' V elab. colloq.

    o l ; L ~'Wi'Wu 111~ ail

    d~jndn'phanbaad' -to;:,pii'

    to talk back; to argue back and forth, keep arguing.


    I 0

    gets a thousand bahts per year.

    l; b ~'Wil61 ::::i'WU 111

    d~jtJdn' -piilaphan-'baad-'
    sV 1. next,

    111 ! 'd 1 6::>wtla-' V to come (to someone) with a

    gets a thousand bahts annually.

    grievance, express one's displeasure (to), cornplain (to), remonstrate (with).


    111 eJ 'd 1171 eJ'tJ 1'W
    t:J::>w~a-'t::,::>khll.an'

    ~ al 'lJ

    6;:,paj', to;:,-'paj:::, to;:,paj:::

    following, later on (in time). 2. next, further on (in space). 3. on (i.e. in continuation). NOTE. This expression implies direction in

    co 11 o q. (par-

    ties) to argue over grievances or complaints (which stand between them).


    I ...,

    time or space from the focus of interest toward a point beyond it. --Dist.
    111l:W1.

    1118 Gi

    'U

    t::,::>sCu-' V corn. 1. to resist, stand up

    against, combat, oppose. 2. to fight, battle.

    ~ al 'lJ 'I:::: L~'W n 1 SLLGi li1 ~ s"1 'J ~

    to;:,paj' capenkaan:::

    n u-- fight, struggle, battle. --sy n.


    1 it.
    I

    171 ! n s

    sadeen-'rarnwou'! Afterwards there will be some folk dancing (i.e. the Thai variety).
    0

    q,.

    1 'W n 161 ~ al 'lJ najkaan-'t::,;:,paj' in the future, at

    L'tJ lill718 Gi ( L'tJ 111) kheed-'6::>sCu' (kheed'} 'U combat zone.


    I I

    q,.

    a later time.
    .. I

    o Fll11 8 Gi
    cu

    ,cu

    ( Fl'W) khQu-'6::>sQu-' (khon-')


    v
    'U

    N opponent.

    o 1'W6i'i.Jli11Yil71l '1 l'!J najsabdaa-'-6:>to:>-'paj' in the following weeks.


    I

    o D'WI11!Gi!1n'lfil!1'W (ns::::'Ueln) pyyn-'-6::>sCu'?aakaad-'sajaan' (krab::,::>g-')


    I

    N anti-aircraft gun.

    q,.

    o 111 al i.J'W to;:,-'pajnfi-', 6;:,pajnii' 1. from now on. 2. following, (as) follows.
    0

    111 el'Yi'W 1

    t~::>ntla-'

    in the presence of, in front of,

    before.

    n ~ 1 'd ~ al 'lJ klaaw-'to;:,paj' to go on continue.


    (talking); to say further.

    ~ al;

    6::>-'htlj:::

    1. to give an advantage, a head

    start, a handicap to. 2. even given the advantage

    189

    of (such and such a provision or circumstance); even with (such and such a person's) advantage.
    I

    tJ01lil EJ n

    drum used to beat time. . a"' small j.mt:Jgl* V co o q. to walk, hoof it (e.g.
    11

    lilelEJ'ltJ
    ~

    t:J:v'?aaju?l V 1. torenew,i.e.extend

    when transportation is not available).


    li1 EJ ~ , 1 'U-l ( 1 'U) t:J:J\)1, bajt:J:Jt)l (bajl) N banana leaf.
    ( lil '1 , Gio'l i''U,

    the time (as of a passport). 2. to lengthen one's life.

    ~ lil EJ ~

    lu)

    pMjt:J:Jt)l N 1. a Thai

    ~lilliHl(n'W,n'U) tidt:'J:JI(kanl, ka:::::) V 1. to get in


    touch (with). 2. to associate (with), be connected (with), adjoin. sV 3. without interruption, continuously, straight through (usually with n'W ). l ~ J..llil eJ taamlt~:JI V to supplement, add.
    b~'W ~ eJ

    card game (taal). 2. the cards used in playing the game (samnibl, bajl).
    li1 eJ .:r t~nl* V 1. to touch, catch, get (usually in a fig.

    sense). AA 2. have to, must, is to be. o

    i:JJ..I;EJ~ lLJ~1'W pMmlt~t]pajManl


    home.

    I have to go

    pent:'J:JI V to have the advantage, be lead-

    'IJEJ~;e.J~'Wnlil (~.:[,EJ~1-:r) kh::>:Jn't~nphikadl


    jaanl)
    ~:;

    (slnl,

    ing, be in the lead (in a contest).


    J..l '1 n ~ EJJ..I '1 mrn m.agi6:Jm.agl-migl so much, so

    N taxable or dutiable articles. AA will have to, must.

    lil eJ ~ lil EJ .:[

    cat~n:::::

    many, a great deal of.


    ell

    ~'U

    cabt~t)l

    to hold, handle, touch (with the

    J..llile:J

    miit~:JI

    (it) is continued (on page--).

    u~ ~ ~ EJ , -- l LJ 3n janmii6:JI, janmiit:J:Jipaj?lig
    1. to be continued. 2. there is still more to

    (1111 EJ ~

    hands). "'

    camlt~n.:::::

    AA have to, be needed to, be

    compelled to.

    come (as of a story).


    Gili1 'd

    ~ 0 1 l ~'W;eJ

    ~ campenlt~n:::::

    AA be compelled to,

    n~ eJ n '1 ~ 1J saduaglt:'J:JkaancM.j I convenient


    I

    forced to; must, have to; it is necessary to.


    lil eJ ~ n 'W t~D I kan

    to use.
    GieJ~li!EJGieJ~

    to agree' be in agreement (of

    s:S:Jnlt:'J:Js:'bDI just the two (persons), in privacy. N transition,


    I

    people, of figures, etc.).


    lil EJ ~ n '1
    ~ t~nkaanl

    t~te-a-t~te,
    <V

    V 1. to want, need, require.


    A'.l1J..I--

    ,._

    'Vi 1 b6W 1 'Vi 1 lil EJ hualfawlhuat:'J:J'

    AA 2. want to, wish to. requirements.

    need, needs,

    turning point.
    EJ:; l

    ~ li; eJ ( :lJ) EJ:; l ~

    ? arajlt~:J(m f )?arajl various

    111 EJ ~ n 1 s ~:;
    ~

    t~nkaanlca:::::

    AA want to.

    other things, (and) so on, (and) what not; all kinds of things, lots of things.
    EJ 1'Wlil EJ'Vl'W 1 0100 ?aant:'J:Jin~ar:bjl

    lil eJ ~ '/1

    t~nkh.1tJI

    V to be imprisoned.

    "' lil EJ ~A~ t~nlkhadiil V to be accused, be under


    continued on
    ; EJ

    accusation, under prosecution.

    page 100; continue reading on page 100.


    lilEJn
    01

    ~ 1 ~ t~ncajl
    to be fond of.

    V 1. to please, be pleasing. 2.

    6:Jgl V 1. to hammer, nail, pound. 2. o

    slang. to hit (someone) up (e.g. for a large donation).


    1i1

    ~lilb{fe:J;EJ.:[1~ tldnyalt~ncajl

    V tobefondof,

    interested in, fascinated with (a person or thing).


    Iii EJ .:[ lil '.l tJ t~t]ld11aj:::::

    e:~ n 111 ~ 1 ( LJ ~:; TI''U , 'U'W, 6l ~ 'U'W) t:J:Jgtraal(pratMbl,


    bon:::, lonbon:::::) V com. to stamp, seal.

    V to conform to, concur with.

    lil EJ .:f li11

    "'

    t~ntaal

    V to appeal to the eye, to be at-

    -s y n.
    lile:Jn b'Vl611
    v

    'l.J ~ :; TI'U lil ~ 1 e 1 e g.


    6:Jgll~wl

    tractive, eye-catching.
    Iii eJ ~ li11l-J t~nltaam:::::

    "'

    slang to hit the bottle

    V to agree with, be in accord

    (i.e. drink liquor).


    li1 EJ n
    ll ( b Gi 'W)

    with.
    ~

    6:Jgl

    (s~nl)

    N bamboo strips (used

    lil EJ .:r 'W'U 1 1

    t~nmiblw.a:::::

    is to be regarded as, must

    for tying or weaving).


    1i1

    count as.
    Iii eJ ~ 6l :l..J t~nloml

    eJ n m in '/1 1 '.llil eJ n

    kh.awt:'l:Jgl N popped rice,

    V to catch the wind, be blown by

    puffed rice.
    1i1

    the wind (as a weathervane, a windmill, grass).


    Iii EJ .:r G1 ~ 61'tJ in the following entries.

    EJ n See entries below.

    "' n 6l EJ ~ 111 EJ n

    ( 1 'U, 6l n) kb:JtJt5g 1*(bajl, 111ugl)


    'II

    o LliltJJ..JiileJ~Gi~GitJ doojl-mft~nlsonsajl lit.,eleg.

    ~"'

    190

    without doubt. o ~AeJH1~Glf:l


    'II

    ..,..,

    A1l'W'LJ&J1 f:J t::>::>nplaaV N 1. the end part, final part.

    ..,

    (FI'W) phtlut!'lu/sousaV (khon/) N

    2. in the end, finally.

    --+Opp.

    AeJ'WA'W.

    eleg. a suspect. o

    o J'WJJ'5 f:J :WA eJ'W'lJ fll tJ chanmadthajom/t;,;,nplaaj/ com. senior high school level.
    AeJ'W L~'W t::>::>njen/ N 1. the evening.

    1l~1~l~;eJHHGltJ jaau/-m~jt~u/sousaV
    without doubt.
    t~uhaa/

    2. in the

    ~11~~1

    1. tobeaccused. 2. tohaveto
    ~
    'II

    evening. com.
    Ael'WLL~n

    --+Syn. 1.

    Bl6''W~ lit. 1,2. L'JI;llL~'W.

    seek, must seek. ant.


    A1l~~1:W t~uh~am/

    - - the accused, the defend-

    t::>::>nr~eg/

    N 1. the first part, the begin-

    to be forbidden. N 1. forbidden

    ning part. 2. at first.


    AeJ'WBllJ t::>::>nsaaV N 1. thelatemorning.

    VeJ~AeJ~~1:w kh~;,u/t!'luh~am/

    2. in

    things. 2. contraband.

    ...

    the late morning .


    A eJ'W~Gi'~ t::>::>nlau/ N 1. the later period. 2. later

    lL~ ~A

    eJ ~ t?t~u/ V to touch (with the hands),

    handle.
    bln AeJ ~
    'II ...

    on, afterward. 3. back part. thuugt!'lu/ V to be right, correct. thuugt!'lu/ V to touch, come into conA'W.

    --+Ant. 1, 2. A el'W

    3.
    J'

    A el'W~'W l.

    1;1
    'II

    nA eJ ~

    1'Wt11 eJ'W'W
    L1J'W A l'W N

    najt;,;,n/nfi/ at this time.

    tact with.
    c: ~AeJHJ1ALil'U
    'II

    pent::>::>nt;,;,n/ by parts.
    ( A'W)

    (FI'W)

    phtlut~u/baadceb/

    (khon/)

    ~ blA eJ'W Llilt! 'J

    r6d/t::>::>ndiaw/ (khan/)

    1. one who is injured. 2. the wounded.

    coupe, roadster.
    AeJ'W
    t~;,n/

    l~in;eJ~ m~jpMg/t~u:::

    AA does not wait, with-

    V 1. to herd (along), round up. 2. to trap,

    out waiting (e.g. to be invited).


    AeJ A tO;,d/ V to nibble (as fish on bait). Ael'W t;,;,n/ V 1. to castrate. 2. hort. to propa-

    corner (by means of questions).


    n 'J l A Ael'W

    A eJ'W S'U t~::>nrab/ V to welcome, receive (e.g.

    ..,

    kwaadt~;,n/

    V to herd .

    gate by layerage.
    Ael'W
    ~

    guests).
    Ael'U
    <9J

    t::>;,n/ C part, section (of space or time).


    I

    6;,b/ V 1. to answer, reply. sV 2. in anv

    1!

    --+Co mp.
    t11

    'tlJ'W, 'U'W, 61 'J'W.

    swer, in response.
    A"lA el'U ( AolA l'U, '/J 0)

    el'W nfill
    I

    t::>::>nklaau/ N the middle part; in the

    kham6;,b/ (kham6;,b/, kh!'bl)

    middle.
    t11

    N answer, reply.
    Lll:WMAO'U coom'tii/-t~;,b/ to return fire, counter-

    1l'WFI"1 t::>::>nkh~m/ N (in the) evening, (at) night.

    --Syn.

    L'J&l1FI"1.

    attack.
    t11 l'U bb 'tl'W t:':l::>btheen' V com. 1. to repay, pay back.

    Ael'Wil'U t::>::>ncob/ N the ending (of a book, a play),

    the finale .

    ...

    2. to reciprocate, retaliate. sV 3. in return, in exchange. 1.


    BW!~.

    A1l'WL'ti1 t::>::>nchaaw/ N 1. the morning. 2. in

    L1'1 ~ eJ

    ~--

    a reciprocation. --+S y n.

    the morning.
    A eJ'W~ n t::>::>ndyg/ N 1. the dead of night. 2. late

    Ael'US'U t~::>brab'

    V to say, answer in the affirma-

    at night.
    Ael'WA'W t::>::>nt6n/ N 1. the beginning part.

    tive; to accept. 2. at

    1;lil l'U ( n'W J toot~;,b/(kan')

    1. to answer back

    first, to begin with. --+Op p. AeJ'W'Ll &11 f:J


    Ael'Wl;

    and forth, perform some action back and forth (of conversing, exchanging letters, engaging in musical or poetic dialogue, retaliating back and forth, etc.). sV 2. back and forth.

    t::>::>nt~aV

    N the southern part.

    t111l'W'tl1f:J t::>::>nthaaj/ N 1. the end, the rear part.

    2. at the end.
    t11 el'W LmH t::>::>nthtau/ N 1. noontime.
    d

    2. at

    ~AA'u eJ'UA"l phtludkham/t~::>bkham 1


    'II

    co 11 o q. to

    noontime.
    AeJ'WoU1 f:J t::>::>nbaaj/ N 1. the afternoon. 2. in the

    say scarcely anything and only when asked, to be taciturn.


    AeJ'U
    ~

    afternoon.

    tO::>b 1 V to be sunken, hollow (of cheeks).

    191 --An t.
    Iii eJ :J.J t:J:Jm 1

    'II

    eJ :J.J .
    Iii::;~ rJ

    (of speaking). takujl V 1. to scratch, scrape (as with claws, nails). 2. to paw (with hooves, as a horse). N gland. -+Syn. 1. 'tl'J'W.
    Iii::; n rJ Iii:::: WW takujltakaaj' V 1. to scramble up,
    9

    V to fly around, swarm around (as anI

    noying flies or insects).


    <;

    lilel:W, b:J.J[il-+
    +

    (lilel:W) tom', med6m'*(tom')

    lilel:W,Iilel:W

    '1

    tom', t3mt:Sm'*imit. plop, plop-plop

    (as of the sound of something falling into the water).


    Iii elrl t:'>j'* 1. to strike.

    scrape one's way up. 2. to rise up and scratch, climb up against, paw (as a dog).

    2. (insect) to sting. 3. to

    ~~ bfit.Jn in

    ~~ bfit~n(il~n1~1 taklag'takaaj' V to

    break, crack open (e.g. a coconut).


    ' 'If n Iii eJ rJ
    I

    scramble up, struggle up, scrape one's way up.


    Iii:::: l

    ch6gtoj' V to box, fight with fists.

    nr~ ~
    ""

    ([il 'J ~)
    X! s d

    takian' (duan')
    [jj

    N lamp, lantern.

    lilelrl:J.J'Jrl t:'>jmuaj' V to box.


    '\fj[jj
    'II

    Iii::; bn rJ ~

    d ~)

    takian'rua' (duan')

    lantern.

    b1J'W~elr!VIelrl phQudl-pent~j'h:sjl

    1. colloq.

    'U1'Wiil:::: d1r~~ baan'takian' colloq. a lot of.


    Iii:::: b rl'U Iii:::: bb n s ~

    to chatter, jabber. 2. to be very talkative. lilelbbVIG-1 t:J:Jlte' V 1. vulg. to lie (tell falsehoods). 2. colloq. to talk a lot, chatter, babble (as a child learning to talk). See
    Iii:::: n ; eJ

    ( ~, el'W) taklab' (khOu', ?an')


    'II

    N chopsticks.

    ( el'W)

    takreen' (?an')

    N 1. shallow basket

    used as a sieve or strainer. 2. any sieve or screen for sifting, straining.


    Iii::;

    b~'Wiil b~'Wiil::::. 9
    ( G1 n 'II

    1n'W

    takoon'
    I

    to shout, yell. N com. scissors.

    1'U

    lil1 )

    takr:l;:~l

    N 1. rattan ball, used

    Iii::; 1 n s

    ( bGi:W)

    takraj' (l~m')

    in playing takraw (ltlug', bajl). 2. takraw, a kind of Thai ball game (taal).
    Iii::; n i"'W takran'
    'VIil::::n~'W
    :If
    ~

    .... S y n.

    n ss 1 n s e 1 e g.
    lil1 'tJ eJ under lil1
    C9J

    Iii:::: 'tJ eJ takh3:JI. See

    N scale, incrustation.

    lil::::'tl1'U (l\l'J) takhaab'(tua')

    N centipede.

    khtitakran' N sediment, precipitate. N basket.

    HI~'Wiil:::: 'V 1'U ( rl'W) r6d'tiintakhaab' (khan') N


    caterpillar tractor.
    Iii:::: 'tJ 1 rJ takhaajl. See lil1 'tJ 1 rJ

    Iii:::: n ~ 1

    ( 1'U) takr~a' (baj ')

    Iii ::; n Gi ::; takla? I

    V to be greedy. N the monitor, a large

    under lil1

    C9J

    lil::::n'J[il

    ( rl'J) takuad 1 (tua')

    "' li1:::: b'V'U


    9

    "' ( li1::; b'V'U) takheb' (takheb')

    N seam.

    brown lizard.
    Iii::; n el'W tak:J:Jn' N sediment, precipitate, silt.

    li1::; AS'U takhn1b' V to pounce on, to seize in the claws, in the hands. li1::; f;h takhiw' N cramp. li1:::: A:W 1 takhOm'takhOm' sV indistinctly, faintly
    9

    ..,.Also

    "' il--colloq.

    lilnlil::::neJ'Wtogltak:J:Jnl V toprecipitate. n1S-precipitation.


    ~ ~

    (visible). li1:::: bbA


    ~

    Iii :::: n n . See Iii :::: n n Iii :::: n n . 9


    J.,

    takheen' V to tilt to one side, lean on one

    iii::; n 'd takua'


    J.,

    N lead (the metal). (Gin) ltlugtakua' (lOug')


    'II

    side. N slang
    1i1::; 1A; ( lil'W, n eJ) takhrajl (tlln',

    Glnlii::::Wl
    'II

    b;:~')

    N lemon grass.

    bullet, slug of lead.


    Iii::; n 1 rJ takaaj' V to scramble up, clamber up. Iii::; n UIii:::: n 1 U takujltakaajl V 1. to scramble up,
    9

    li1::; 'U eJ 8 tab:J:Jjl V to be slow.

    "' ~ taben' V to shout, be shouting (strenuously). li1:::: b'U


    o lil::::
    .. b'U~

    bi;irl'l lViliiHJ'W tabensiau 1 -Mjdan 1 kh?n 1

    5'

    '1 "'~

    ,;y

    scrape one's way up. 2. to rise up and scratch, climb up against, paw (as a dog).
    Iii:::: d1r~nlil::::n1U taklag'takaaj' V to scramble up,

    to raise one's voice, make one's voice louder. li1::::1'U (el'W) tabajl(?an') N file(thetool).
    :If 1'U LVIG-ln "' khtitabajlleg' iron filings. 'tJiiJ::;

    struggle up, scrape one's way up.


    Iii::;

    li1 ::::'\J'U tapob' V 1. to clap with one hand, as when trying to cover a spinning coin in a game. 2. to clap with both hands, as when trying to catch something in the air. li1::; '\J
    'II

    n. Iii::; n taktil, takiil


    "'

    "'

    c 0110 q. a moment ago,


    d

    just now. Normally pronounced takiil regardless of spelling ..... Also


    9

    b:J.Jel--

    lil::::nnlil::::nn takug'takag' sV brokenly, stutteringly

    ( rl'J ) tapuu' (tua') , see li11.

    N nail (for carpentry).

    If a word is not found under li1::;

    192

    liH

    &:0

    -+Also 1'11tl under 1'11


    'U

    <1il.

    are listed under N screw. N o 1lJ::.;cJ'WeJeJnn61l~

    TIA .

    1lJ::.;iJFJ'H
    'U "'

    (!il'd) tapuukhuatJ' (tua')

    tawan?:Jog'klaatJ' the middle

    1lJ::.;'Wiil,1:w--

    (el'W) taph6d', mijtaph6d' (?ani)

    east. [tr. f. Eng.] o 1i1::.; oJ'W eJ eJ n 1 n iil tawan?~og'klajl the Far East. [tr. f. Eng.]
    0

    rod, staff, cane, walking stick (often one made of bamboo).

    "' ( !il1) tapMabnaam' (tua') liJ::.;'W1'U in 1lJ::.;'W1'U'Wo1


    N a soft-shelled sea turtle.
    li1::.; L i11il taph~<:Jdl

    1lJ::.;cJ'WeJeJn

    ditH1; tawan?~og'chlatJtajl

    1. the

    southeast. 2. southeastern. o rlf11lJ::.;cJ'WeJeJn thid'tawan?~og' N east.


    +

    V to scare off, chase away by

    making a noise or by shouting. liJ::.;L'Wn


    li1::.; h'W

    1'1::.; LVl61'W Lli'W taleenpeen' rM intensifier used with


    tJ 11
    +

    ('iJ1~) tapMog' (khatJ')

    N hip.

    "long," 61

    'U

    "tall."

    ( 1'U) taphoonl (bajl) Vl'WliJ::.; LJl1


    'U

    N a kind of drum. N

    1'1::.; Lb'V!61'W LL i.J'W talenptn'* rM intensifier used with LL 'U'W "flat." 1'1 n
    <1il (

    1lJ::.; bJl1 in

    ( lil1) ni:\utaphaw/ (tua')

    guinea pig.
    liJ::.;n~
    ;!(

    'i"' J1~ )

    tag' (khatJ')

    N the lap.

    <1il

    (UV!~)

    '

    taraatJ' (hetJ')

    N prison.

    llln

    ....

    lfl

    tag' V to dip up (as with a dipper).

    'iJ 1'1::.; S 1 ~ khtitaraatJ' V to be a jailbird.


    ~Iilli]::; S 1 ~ tld'taraatJ' V to be put in jail, impris-

    !iln 6;11'\J tag'khwpajl colloq. to cost, require, take up (a stated quantity, as of money). !iln'Wo1 tagnaam' V to dip up water.
    "'

    oned. lil::.; n
    ~

    lB taraatJ' See

    1'11 S1

    under lill

    <1il.

    ~n
    V to

    in

    vln b ~ eJt.!

    tagtyan' V to advise, caution,

    li1::.; ~ ~ , -- '1'1

    s~ L'W slil talYtJ' taly1J'phrytJphr~<:Jdl


    V!'W ~ 1'1::.; 6H
    9

    be stupefied, stunned (with surprise, fright). 1'1::.; 6H in


    9

    !ilmLri'W ( !il1)
    !il ~

    admonish . tagkateen' (tua') N grasshopper. .... 'iJ l11il ~ khawtatJ' N rice crust that sticks

    ....

    ( LHH ,

    <;-

    n ) n!:ltJ'talutJ' N 1.

    ....

    in

    "'

    shadow play (!JatJ'). 2. shadow play establishment (rootJ') lil::.; 61 :W'U El'W talumb:xm' at close quarters, in hand to
    9

    to the bottom of the pot. Eaten like crackers when fried . 1'1 ~

    ....

    lfJ

    taD' Shortened form of tatJ' (tua')

    611'11 ~ fl , q. v.

    hand combat.
    li1::.; 61 tJ in 'U n lil::.; 61 tJ
    9 9 9

    rf~
    bug'talujl V to make a lightning
    :!:: lil~

    (!il'd)
    <1il

    N stool, bench.

    t.1tJ' C 1. pile(ofthings). 2. colloq. time. -Syn. 2. See


    fl S l 1.
    0

    invasion. fil::.;oJ'W

    (lil1~) tawan' (duatJ') N eleg. the sun.


    'WS::.;eJ1TililtJ com. NOTE. Probably lil1 oJ'W "eye of the day." The short1ll
    &:0

    61

    ....

    :!:: n 1'1 ~

    sagtatJ' c

    ll 0 q. just for (the needed)

    -+Syn.

    period of time.
    ~

    originally

    lfl

    ttJ' qM as many as, as much as, all of (a quantity).


    &:0
    J.,

    ened form is now the only one in use. liJ::.;oJ'Wllln tawantog' com. west. lit., e leg. -Syn. LJ~::.;~:W
    0

    -Ant.
    <;-

    6fn.

    ri161l:W'I.i1 ~:J.J 1 ttJsaam'chOamootJ' as much as three hours, all of three hours.

    -+The literary and the common


    &:0

    terms for the eight chief points of the compass are listed under TI f1 . o '1.11dlil::.;oJ'Wllln (fi'W) chaawtawantog' (khon') N
    li1 ~
    :!::

    liHnS::-;~1

    ttJkrabutJ' colloq. a lot, greatly,

    considerably.
    :!:: v

    liH'Ul'W tatJMan' colloq. much, a lot.


    m tau' V 1, to set, place, set up, erect, establish.

    Occidental, Westerner. o !iJ::.;fWlllnLQtJHV!~Eltawantog'chlatJnya' 1. the northwest. 2. northwestern. o TIArl::.; oJ'Wlll n thid'tawantog' N west.

    2. to settle, locate. 3. to appoint. '11illll1 cadtt)/


    :!::
    :!:: :!::
    ~

    ....

    :!::

    to set up, establish, form.

    1'11 ( ... ) ~J'W ttJ( ... )kh?n' to set up, establish. fill L'lJ:W tatJkhem' V idiom. to form a purpose. 1'11 fl S S Jl t.1tJkhan' V e 1 e g. 1. to conceive, be in early pregnancy. 2. to be pregnant.
    :!:: ....

    [ii::.;cJ'Wrln~'W tawan'togdin/ the sun to set.


    1ll::.; cJ'W eJ eJ n tawan?~og' com. east.

    -s y n. 'U ~ '1'11

    1 it., e 1 e g. -+The literary and the common terms for the eight chief points of the compass
    If a word is not found under

    -Also

    r!HieJl com. 1'1::.; , see li11

    193
    :!:; :!:;

    I;

    171 ~ l I'll
    ~

    t~:gkhawl'
    v

    V to show its first signs. it looks like rain, it's

    lil ~ Vl'W llil ~ lill

    t~:gn.al't~:gtaal'

    V e lab. colloq.

    o eJ'W171 ~ l I'll
    1::

    fonl't~:gkhawl'

    to be determined (to), resolved (to), obsessed


    ~

    getting ready to rain.


    171 ~ 1 ~ t~:gcajl' V 1. to intend. AA 2. intend to. A 'J l :W- I;

    (with). -Also lil ~ Vl'W l


    lil ~ eJ f11il ~ 1 'l
    I; I;

    colloq.

    t~:g?og't~:gcajl' V co 11 o q. to be intent

    intention, purpose, determination,


    J;
    _'(
    A

    (upon).
    I

    -see lil ~ 1 ~ V to be situated, located. V to install.

    attentiveness. o 1:W171~1"l'l'l~ m~jW:gcajl'fa:gl' to be inattentive.


    171 Hl'W t~:gl'chanl' V (hair, fur) to stand on end,
    1:: ..,
    J

    lil ~ eJ [J t~:gl' juu~


    J;'IJ

    :!:;

    lil (i'lliJ U171


    ~

    ~
    ~

    tld't~:gl' ~

    lil

    t:gt.:gl' V 1. to set (up). 2. to appoint,


    1

    be on end.
    d. v 171 Hle:J ( 1 v'l)
    :!-;

    confer a title. V to name, give a o 1(i1~'Ubb171~171~ d~jrab~'tt:gt~:gl' tobeappointed.


    '11171~
    d:!:;
    v~ ~

    t~:gch?Y~'(Mj~)

    name (to).
    1::
    v

    (bbVl~)

    thtit~:gl'

    (he:g')

    N location, situation.

    171 ~ 171 'W


    d

    t~:gt(lnl'

    V to begin, commence.

    -s y n.

    '" ~ b 61 eJ f11il ~
    ~

    l?agt~:gl'
    I; ..,

    V to choose, elect.
    saan~'traat~:gl'

    b~:W.

    Gil ~'Wiil n 171 ~


    ~ ~

    ( Q'U'U)

    (chababl')

    171 ~ bblil t.:gth~ Pp from (such and such a time or

    '

    credentials.
    lil ~, lil ~

    starting point), since. o li1 Hblil ~ lrJ'll~(i'l'tJ'W 1LJ tl~ [J 1 f1'l1~(i1 t~:gtt:g~ajl'th1:i~ sud I'- kh1npajth)7nj.agl'th1:isudl' from the easiest to the hardest. o 171 ~ bblil'W 1LJ t~:gthniil'paj I' from now on, from
    ~ I~

    ta:g~', ta:gta:g~'

    slang to be rich.

    !::"d.!'""

    '

    '

    [f. Chin.]
    lil ~ bn rJ
    .., J'

    ta:gklal' pN Tonkin. [f. Viet.]


    ( eJ[J l ~) tanMal' (jaa:gl')

    rl~Vl1
    ..,

    N lust, desire, pas-

    sion .
    lil (i1 tad' V to cut, sever. lil (i1 f1'W
    ..,
    tad~'kan

    this time on, henceforth. o 11Hbblil . l1J'Wiil'W11J t~:gth~ ... pentl'ln~'pajl' from (such and such a time) on (i.e. from the present toward the future); from (such and such a place) on (i.e. from a nearby point toward a distant one). o
    J:: I _"\"' lil ~ Ulil l 'U'Wiil'W:W l t.:gth~ .. pentl'ln~'maal'
    :!-;
    I

    1. to intersect. 2. to contrast with

    one another (as of colors).


    lil (i1 'til (i1 tadkhaadl' V to separate, sever, break off,

    cut off.
    rllil'V1'1il tad~'chiiwfdl' V lit., eleg. to kill, destroy.
    ..,

    lil (i1 bl'W'W

    tadl'than~n'

    V to build a road.

    from (such and such a time) on (i.e. from the past toward the present); from (such and such a place) on (i.e. from a distant point toward a closer one). o lil -'l bb lil ~ ~ ::: b ~ l lb r-1 'W (i1 'W 61 -'l :W l
    din~'lo:gmaal'
    :!-;

    rl(i'I'U'YJ tadbod 1

    V to cut the discussion short; to

    break off a conversation, an argument (e.g. by changing the subject, by bringing the matter to a conclusion).
    rl(iltJbjjVll tad~'panhaal' V to eliminate a problem. rl(i'lr-J:W tadph~ml' V 1. to cut the hair.

    1::

    t~:gthphnic~wphn~

    from the king down. V com. 1. to conceive, be in

    2. to get a

    lil -'l 'l1 eJ -'l


    1::

    t~:gth:S::>:gl'

    haircut.
    I ._,

    early pregnancy. 2. to be pregnant. -Also


    lil-'lAnJl eleg.
    I; I;
    v

    o '11 1 ~lilA r-~:w barber. o


    ~

    ( A'W)
    ( UVl~)

    cMa:gtadpMml' (khon')

    171 -'l 'U l 'W t~:gManl' to settle down. lil-'lJl:W61lb'Wl


    'II
    ~
    0

    ..,

    l'W171 Ar-J:W

    raan~'tadpMm'

    (h:g')

    t~:gphuum~'milamnawl'

    V to take up
    ..,

    barber shop.

    residence, to settle.
    I;
    J.,

    rl(i11~
    <:

    tadmaajl' V to cut wood. fl'W--

    woodcutter.

    lil-'l:W'W U:gm.nl' V 1. to settle down firmly; to

    lilA b rl'U tad~'jebl' V to cut and sew; hence to tailor,

    establish oneself in a stronghold. 2. to remain firm, steadfast.


    I;

    make a dress, make a suit, etc.


    rl(i'l ~ eJ'W tadn::>n~' V to cut, sever.

    171-'l

    f1 S l f1

    t~:g~'r6gr.agl'

    V to settle down perma-

    rlASll'll tadl'raakhaal' V to cut prices. rl(i161:wi'W 6 '111 ~

    nently, take up residence.


    171 ~ ~ lil t.:gl' sat1? I' V to concentrate (one's mind).
    I;
    A '

    n l ~ 'lllil tad'- samphan1'thaa:gkaanth1ludl


    'II

    V to break off diplomatic relations.

    194

    ~~~&w tadsrn' V to decide, judge.


    o ~~~dhJLSl tadsrncajl V to make up one's mind.
    ~--

    for parts, characters (in a play); for digits (numbers), letters (of the alphabet); etc. P. 6. colloq. you (used among intimates).
    1. lil'W
    ~

    judge, umpire, referee.

    -Syn.

    ~111 ( .. ) b~() tact'( ... )sfa V to cut (something)


    off, sever.

    eleg.

    n m.J Iii 'J klabtua' V to reform oneself, turn over

    ~111 b ~eJ

    tads1a' V 1. to tailor, make a coat,


    ,:

    a new leaf.
    ~

    blouse, dress. 2. to have a coat, blouse, dress made. o


    ~

    nfl'Wlil'J kllntua' N body odor.


    ~

    'iJ 1J 1 1J li1 'J khajil.aj 'tual V to expand, become ex-

    ~1~~111b~eJ
    tailor.

    (Fl'W) cMautads1a' (khon 1 )

    panded (e.g. because of heat).


    ~

    'iJ eJ li1 'J kh5::>tua1 V to excuse oneself (with respect

    li1 111'1-Y'W 1 tadn~a/ V to cut across, cut in (in front)

    to an invitation, performing a service, etc.), to beg off.


    ~

    (as in horse racing, traffic).


    ~ ~

    lii111WJ tadhua' V to behead.


    I
    ~

    b Fl tJ li1 'J khaajtua' V to be in the habit of, get into

    1li! 111 phaatadl V to operate on (surgically).

    the habit of.


    ~

    n1 ~-- (surgical) operation, surgery.


    I
    ~

    6l 'J 'W Iii 'J cuantua' V something to be imminent, on

    o 'HJ.JeJ~U111
    ~

    (Fl'W) m~b'phaatad' (khon')

    N com.

    the verge of overtaking one (as when one is pursued by an enemy, confronted by an urgent issue).

    surgeon. -syn.
    lil'W

    ~6Wbb'W'fW eleg.

    tan' V 1. to be stopped up, clogged up. 2. to be solid (i.e. not hollow) .


    ~

    ~'\.J~'J cabtua' V to catch, capture, arrest a person.


    ~

    b6l'Uiii'J cebtua'
    v

    to hurt oneself, get hurt. Often

    .t

    li!'Wli!'W t1Jntan' V to be choked up (e.g. with sor-

    b 6l1li! 'J c~wtua' N the person in question.

    row, happiness).

    rendered by "he himself," "she herself," etc.


    b ~t)J.J~'J ciamtua' V to be humble, modest, unas-

    1:1'\J'W~'W ( 61 11J) than~n'tan' (sil.ajl) N a blind


    street.

    suming.

    1i~'W s~jtan' N appendicitis. o L~A1i~'W r~og's~jtan' N com. appendicitis. o 1 ;~'Wan b 6i'li s~jtanl?agseeb' N e 1 e g. appendicitis, esp. in the acute stage. -Also li~ ~
    an b6i'li. 81118'\Jli!'W bSl
    ~

    ~'J n 1 ~ ( Fl'W) tuakaan' (khon') N 1. the culprit.


    2. the principal (in an action). 3. ringleader.
    <V
    'V

    <V

    li1 'J bb n 'J

    ( li1 'J ) tuak~ew' (tua')

    N (non- hairy) -Dis t.

    caterpillar, larva of butterfly or moth.


    ~ ~.
    <V

    l:;

    'l

    ?ad?~n'tancajl

    V elab. to feel

    li1 'J b'iJ 1 b 8 'I tuakhaw?eeu' himself.

    stifled, utterly helpless, depressed and heavy at heart.


    v

    Iii 'J Fl ~ ~

    <V

    "'

    ( li1 'J ) tuakhr~u' (tua')

    <V

    N scale-insect

    (the lac-producing insect).


    <V

    lil'W ll tan' C ton. [f. Eng.]

    Iii 'J ~UI. tuakhuun' N mat h. multiplier.

    ~'\.J
    v

    a'k!, ~'W)

    tab' (?ani, chfn')

    N liver. -Cf.
    bb'W 'J ,

    ~'J Sl.1'W.1 ( Fl'W) tuacamnaml (khon')

    N hostage.

    lil'\.J ll tab' C row (series of objects).


    bb1:l'J,~:::;'IJ1'J.

    ~'JbQ'W1:::; (~'J) tuachaph:J?I (tua') N math. 1.


    prime number. 2. (as n. mod.) prime.

    ~'USl1n ( ~'\.J) tabcaag' (tab') N a thatch of nipa


    palm leaves.
    bU'W~'U pentab' in large numbers.
    ~

    ~'J'i11 tua'chaa' V to feel number all over.

    ~'J b~8J.J
    agent.

    ~'J)

    tuach1am' (tua')

    N binder, joining

    lil'J tua' N 1. self; oneself. 2. body. 3. class term

    ~'Jlilfln
    ~ I

    (
    ~

    ~'J,

    Fl'W) tuatalog' (tua', khon')

    N clown,

    for tiny living things, such as insects, worms. 4. tech. agent. C 5. elf. for animals, fish, insects; for tables, chairs, desks; for playing cards, cigarettes, pen points; for articles of clothing such as shirts, coats, dresses, trousers;
    <V

    jester. WJ ~'W (Iii 'J) tuatun' (tua') zomys). 2. mole. N 1. bamboo rat (Rhi-

    ~'Jbblil'W (~'J) tuateen' (tua') N hornet.


    li1 'J bb 'YI'W

    ( Fl'W, 'W 1 tJ) tuatheen' (khon', naajl)

    195
    1. representative, agent. 2. substitute, proxy.
    iil'l'tl1 (!il'J) tuanam-'(tua') !il'J'VI'Wel'W ( iil1) tuan5:Jn' (tua-')

    N 1. worm. 2. -Di st. 2.

    N tech. conductor.
    ~

    caterpillar (any hairless variety).


    'U
    9

    iil d'lh ~ n el'U tuaprak~:Jb-' N 1. supporting charac-

    ~
    ~

    .
    ~

    ter (in a play). 2. rna th. factor.

    Iii 'J 'VI'W ~

    ( Iii 1 ) tuanAn' (tua-')

    N puppet (used in

    li11tJ~n 1 :r~
    polyps.
    iil1 'lJ 1 n n 1

    (iil1)

    tua-'-pakaa-'ran' (tua-')

    N coral

    the shadow play).

    iil'J'VIiT~~eJ (!ilJ) tuanansty-'(tua-') N com. letter


    ~ ~

    ( iil1 ) tua-'paagkaa-' (tua-') N pen point.

    (of the alphabet).


    !il'Jl'Vll-J (!il'J) iil1 eJU 1 ~

    -s yn.

    Iii 1 eJn "e!-~

    e 1 e g.

    iil'J L'iJ'W Ln ~ tJ 1 tua-'penkliaw-' idiom. very hard,

    tuamllj' (tua-') N silkworm. tuajaan' (?an-', tuajaan')

    busily (of working).


    Q...l

    ( el'W, !il'J eJU 1 ~)

    IV'

    Iii 'J LD611 tuaplaaw' as in Fl'Wiil 'J LD611

    khon-'tua:::::

    N 1. example. 2. sample. o tJ n iil1 eJ U1 ~ j6g-'tuajaan' to give an example, bring up an example.

    pUtaw-' N co 11 o q. a single person, person without family ties.


    Iii 'J t:1 ~
    ~

    J-'

    (Iii 'J) tuaph~' (tua-')

    N bee.

    iil1 eJn"e!-S

    ( iil1) tua?ags:Son' (tua')

    N eleg. letter

    Iii 1 ~ tuaph1lu' N male (of animals, insects).

    (of the alphabet).


    !il'JLeJ

    -Syn.

    !il'J'VIiT~~eJ com.
    N colloq. the main

    -Opp. iil1 LJJtJ


    iilnn ~

    female.

    -Dist. 'tl1t!

    tO>,

    "'

    (!il'J) tua?@e' (tua')

    "' t:i'tl1t! male (of people). OJ


    ( iil1) tuamaan-' (tua-')

    one (person), the responsible party, the leader, N 1. :Mara, devil, the one to blame (used esp. when scolding children).
    iil1 LeJn ( iil1)

    demon. 2. a person who ruins everything, an evildoer, a devil.


    iil1 LJJtJ tuamia-' N female (of animals, insects).

    tua?eeg-' (tua-')

    N the principal one

    (person); a principal character in a play, picture, etc.


    ~

    "' "' -Opp. lii'J~ male. -+Dist. 'VI~~, ~'VI~~


    female (of people).
    I
    Q..o'
    Q..l

    lii'J

    LeJ~

    tua?een' oneself, one's own self. More


    ~

    o::ol

    ~t:I'Jiii'J

    L:WtJ kh1luphua-'tuamia' N

    colloq.

    emphatic than Iii 'J


    ~

    alone.

    husband and wife. NOTE. Here !il'J is inserted


    ~

    lil1 tJ Iii 'J taajtua-' V to be fixed (as price), stable, unalterable.


    L~:w!il'J temtua-' 1. all over the body, from head

    in order to provide a rhyme for

    t:1 'J .

    -s y n.

    ~'J LJJtJ com.


    o
    L'iJ'Wiil'J LJJtJ pen-'tuamia-' V derog. to be a

    to toe. 2. full length (e.g. a full length photograph of someone).


    fleJ!il'J thyYtua' V 1. to be proud of oneself, have

    sissy, be effeminate . o V!'W1!il'J LJJtJ n~a-'tuamia-' V 1. derog. to be a sissy, be effeminate. 2. Sissy!


    iil1 L~eJ~ iil1 LLl-J61 ~
    ~

    ..,

    a high opinion of oneself. 2. to hold oneself N the


    ~

    ( li11 L~eJ~) tuamyan' (tuamyan')

    aloof. -+Ant.
    cl'
    ~ ~

    blell-Jiii'J.

    city proper, esp. the business district.


    ( !il"J) tuamaleen' (tua')

    'YH L'Wel'YIHl'J thannya-'tM.ntua-' 1. all over (the body). 2. thoroughly. 3. to one's name (as in "not a penny to his name").
    'Y1'1iil1 thamtua' V to behave, act, make oneself (be).
    I
    ~

    N insect (of

    any kind).
    Iii 'J ~ el'W tuar:bn-' V to have a high {body) tempera-

    ...

    ture.

    L'Yl11il 'J
    ~

    th~wtua-'

    1. the same size or quantity (as

    !il'JL~Fl (!il'J) tuar6og' (tua-') N microbe.


    ~

    the model), life-size. 2. as much (as the previous size, quantity, amount). See cross reference for examples.

    Iii 161 ~ 1'1 ~

    (Iii 1) tualakh:J::m' (tua-')

    N character

    (in a play).
    iil1 L61'f.J
    ~ ~

    ( iil1) tuaH!eg-' (tua-')

    N figure, numeral

    'lJ ~ ~ "l'1iiJ'J pracam-'tua' individual, private, personal,


    assigned to an individual.

    (written character).
    Iii 1 ~'W tuasan-' V to tremble all over, shake.

    l~ L~'Wiil'J
    N

    Ltl'Wiii'W

    m~jpentua-'penton'

    to be unformed,

    Iii'1 LL ~ liH

    ( 1'1 'W ,

    Iii''J )

    tua sadeen' (khon-', tua')

    amorphous, not to have taken shape.


    n tJ Iii'1 in LlJ'W n tJ Iii'1 pen' raajtua' one person at

    1. actor, player. 2. role, part (in a play).

    196
    ~

    a time, one by one, individually.


    '-'~

    b eJ 1 r;J 1 s eJ A

    ?awtua'r~bd'

    1. to save oneself, get

    Hl'J ruutua' V to be aware, conscious. A11:W-'IJ

    oneself to safety, save one's own skin. 2. to manage to live; to make something of one's life.
    z,

    awareness, consciousness.
    'IJ

    ;~n tll'J
    ness.

    ruusyg'tua' V 1. to come to feel, realize,

    r;J 1

    ( 1 'U)
    "'

    tua' (baj'}
    z,

    N ticket. [f. Chin.] N ticket

    come to awareness. 2. to recover conscious-

    A'W bn'U lil 1


    z,

    ( A1J)

    khonkebtua' (khan')

    collector.
    'IJ

    L!iit.Jl~;~ntll'J dooj'm~jn1usyg'tua'
    realizing it.
    ~

    without

    Fl'W '1J 1 t.J r;J 'l

    ( A'W)

    khonkhaajtua' (khan')

    N ticket

    seller.
    r;J 'l b ~'W
    z,

    &HH til 1 LJ;)utua' V to try on (for size).


    Gi"1tll'J ( Gi'1tll'l) lamtua' (lamtua') N trunk (of the

    ( 1 'U)

    tuau8n' (bajl)

    negotiable note.
    N round-trip

    t1 l tJn i'U
    .,.z.
    ticket .
    r;J lil 'l
    z,

    ( 1 'U)

    tua'pajklab' (bajl)

    body), torso.

    8:wiil18mrw
    ~

    lyymtua'lyymton' V elab. colloq. -..Also

    tiitua' V co 11 o q. to buy a ticket.


    ..,

    to forget oneself.
    ~nlil'l

    8:wiil1
    'IJ

    colloq.
    J(

    VleJ~'1J1t.llil1

    (VleJ~)

    M!Jkh.1lajttia' (Mu')

    N ticket

    (Fl'W) ltlugtua' (khon')

    N one's real child 61 n b61 t.J 1 stepchild, lil1


    C9J

    booth, box office.


    (A 11, r;J 1) taa/ (duau'. taa') N 1. eye. 2.

    (related by blood). adopted child.

    -+Dis t.

    bot. node, knot. 3. mesh (space enclosed by threads of a net). C 4. time, moment, turn .

    b 61'Wlil 1 lentua' V to play hard to get, act as

    '

    ..,

    though reluctant.
    ~

    -Often coupled with Vl "ear," and


    'IJ
    ~ ~

    Vl.1J 1 "face."
    com.~
    ~

    1 l Hl'J waautua' V com. 1. to behave, conduct oneself. 2. to place oneself.


    61 'l 'Wtll 'l suantua' private, personal, individual

    -syn. 1.
    ~

    'Wt.J1Jr;J1,A'J~lil1,A1~1Jt.I1JI:111
    ~ ~

    1Jt.J'W1,l'l'l~'W[J'W1, b'Wr;J~

    ,'Wt.J'WL'Wr;JS

    "'

    ,l'l'l~'Wt.I1Jb'WlilS

    ..

    eleg., lit.; '\'iS;:; b1Jr;JS

    roy.

    (as opposed to public, collective).


    ' I

    -..s y n.

    ns;:;~nr;Jl (el'W) kracog'taa' (?an') N anat.


    cornea.

    61!'W9JAF161. q

    ---Ant. 611'Wn:W.

    61 !'Wtll'J Q'W suan'tuacMn' as for me; I. for my

    n:;;'\'ir'\J[i] 1
    bbn'lR1

    kaphrib'taa'

    to wink.

    part.
    b61.:w eJ tll'J sama8'tua' V to break even. bflrJtll'J siatua' V (a woman) to lose (her) virgin-

    k~ewtaa'

    N 1. anat. crystalline lens of

    the eye. 2. idiom. the beloved; precious one, the apple of one's eye.
    1n;vr1n;R1
    'IJ

    ity (by premarital relations).


    Vl:WAtll'l modtua' V to have nothing left, to be 4' broke. -+Also Vl:WA b1HJ-- e 1 a b. co 11 o q.
    ~

    kl~jhtiu'kl~jtaa'

    elab. colloq. right

    under (someone's) nose, close to (and therefore subject to) the observation or supervision of (someone).

    v16i'J:Wr;J'l luamtua' V colloq.,idiom. to have

    gotten so deeply involved (in something) that one is unable to back out.
    Vll b61t.J1r;]'l h.1la'liautua' V to earn a living. Vl1t.ltll'l Majtua' V 1. to disappear. 2. to disapJt
    ~

    ln61R1lnii11~ klajltaa'-klajlcaj' "out of sight,


    out of mind."
    '/J'WR 1
    ~

    ( b 611J)

    khontaa' (sen')

    N eyelashes.

    '/J'lbl!R 1 khwAntaa'

    N 1. a pleasure or treat to the

    pear by supernatural power.


    ~

    eye. 2. sweetheart, darling (used of a woman or child). P 3. you (expressing endearment when speaking to woman or child).

    Vll S 61 ~ r;J 'J h.1lan'loutua' to be divisible (mathema-

    tically).

    " ~ bVl'WLLn r;J 1


    eJ~r;J

    h(:'m'khtua' to think only of oneself,

    VA lil1 khad/taa/ V 1. to be somewhat disturbing

    be selfish.
    ~

    in appearance, not pleasing to the eye. 2. (It) doesn't look right.


    J(

    1 juutua' V to be stable, maintain (its) form.


    ~

    eJ 'l Ar;J 'J ?uadtua' V to boast, brag.


    ~

    '1J lil1
    .

    khtitaa' N matter in the eye .


    .., .
    kh~nn~a'kh~ntaa'

    eJeJnA'J ?:'J;)gtua' to put up excuses. eJ :W A'J ? l mtua' V tech. to be saturated.


    d
    ~

    '1J'WVl'W1'1J'WR1

    V elab. colloq.

    to be well-known, popular, outstanding. R 1 , see R;:;

    If a word is not found under

    lil1

    197

    ..,
    6 '/J 1lil1 "l 'W kh.1wtaa'conl co 11 o q. to be in a fix,

    closed with drowsiness. 2. to be dozing.


    lil1lJ611

    to be having a hard time.


    "l'Ulil1 dtbtaa'
    "-'

    (l~A) taaplaa'(med') Nacorn(callous

    V 1. to watch closely, keep an eye

    growth, as on the toe).


    lil1'iJ taapii'

    on. sV 2. eye-catching, striking.

    "the year round," in the following ex-

    ~ Alil1 cJ)Td'taal V to be colorless, drab, dull,


    dull-looking, uninteresting.

    pressions.

    o J1'W1lil1'iJ ch(lanaa'taapiil elab. colloq.


    year in and year out, forever.

    lin n Iii 1 chaagtaa' N a n a

    t.

    retina.

    'lJ 1lllil1 chaajtaa' V to glance sidewise.

    o lii1Dlil'l 'l.ilA taapiiltaach.1ad' e 1 a b. colloq.


    year in and year out.
    iiillJ

    6VA'Vl~1'l.ilil1 ch~adn.1a'chuutaa' "'


    to enhance the prestige (of).
    WH lil1
    Iii~::;

    V elab. colloq.

    ( lil1 ~) dua:utaa' {dua:u')

    N the eye.

    "' __,.Also written


    "'
    I

    ( i1)

    tapuul* (tua') N nail (for carpentry).


    Iii nJ

    n 11lil1 trakaan'taal

    e 1 e g., 1 it. eye-appeal-

    o Iii '1lJFl1 ~

    ( il)

    "' tapuu'khua:u'

    (tua')

    N screw.

    ing.
    lill'/Jiil (i1,el'W)

    1111 6'LJfll taa'plaaw' the naked eye.

    takh:"b'* (tual,?an') N 1. hook

    lil '1 f.J 1 iil

    taafaad' V to have a visual illusion, be

    (of a hook-and-eye). 2. a long-handled hook. -+Also written Iii::; '/J l.


    lii1'1J1ll

    fooled by one's visual perception.


    lil Tl'111

    taa'faa:u' V to have blurred vision, to see

    (lil1'/J1ll,el'W,~'W) takhaajl* (takhaajl,?an',


    N 1. netting meshwork. 2. net (for

    indistinctly (e.g. because of glare, old age).


    A1 S 1 ~
    <QJ

    ph}'yn')

    taraa:u'*

    N square (as an areal unit, -+Sometimes also written

    ensnaring birds; for badminton, soccer, etc.). __,.Also written


    Iii::; '/J 1ll .

    e.g. square mile).

    lil1'/J11 (1) taakhaaw'; (2) taa'khaaw'

    N 1. the

    o lilllil1 n

    taataraa:u' N 1. table (tabulation). -+See cross

    white of the eye. V 2. to be cowardly.


    lil1 6'/J taakh~e'

    2. squares (as on graph paper).

    V to be slightly cross-eyed.

    reference.

    lil1 6~ll1 taa'khlaw' V 1. to have an angry look

    o 1111 J' 11 l 1 611 taraa:uweelaal N timetable.


    0

    in the eye. 2. to have a black eye (i.e. a bruised eye).


    lil1 Fl:W taa'khom'

    &

    lill J 1 ~ b:w Iii~

    h.1altaraa:umeedl, -rued' five

    square meters. V 1. to be bright-eyed. 2.


    Iii 1 ~ 1 ~
    1-'J

    See

    Iii ::; J 1 ~

    idiom. to have sharp eyes, be a keen observer. o lil1 Fl:W 6 9W 1 taa'khomchlaw' to have flashing eyes, to be strikingly bright-eyed.
    lil1 A'U'IJ'W taa'khabkhan' a critical moment.
    lil1'l.i~
    J., "-' "-'

    1111 iiHlll taabJjl V 1. to have vacant eyes. sV 2.

    with vacant eyes.


    ii116llll taalaajl V 1. to have blurred vision, have

    double or multiple vision. 2. to have a whirling sensation.


    1111 l 'V!Gl taalee' V to be cross-eyed, squint-eyed.

    (Fl'W,l'W) taacM:u'(khant,?an')

    colloq. scales, balance.


    lil1 rt 1 taadam'

    N an at. pupil of the eye.

    __,.Also

    ~Alill~iill"l tldtaaltldcajl V elab. colloq. 1.

    to impress, be impressive. 2. to be impressed o


    6 An lil1 rl1
    "' 0

    '1 deg'-taa/damdam' innocent child.


    N 1. table (tabulation). 2.
    I

    upon one's mind, be vivid in one's mind.


    ~lil'Vl~Aiil1 tldhliu'tldtaa' V elab. colloq. 1.

    Iii 'llill ~ 11 taataraa:u'

    squares (as on graph paper). o n


    ~::; A1"e!-lil1lil1 ~ 11

    to see in one's mind's eye. 2. to be vivid, striking. sV 3. vividly.


    1:1811111 thalY:tJ'taa' V to stare (someone) down,

    "'

    ( ll~'W) kradaadltaataraa:u'

    (phen')
    I

    N 1. graph paper. 2. paper lined


    I

    with squares.
    I

    give a stern look (showing disapproval).


    1:11 ~ 1111 thaa:utaa' V to prop one's eyelids open,

    lil1lil :w
    9

    ( lil1lil :w ) tatum' (tatum')* N anklebone.


    '

    Iii 1 'U llil taab~Jd'

    V to be blind.

    force one's eyes to stay open (as when sleepy).

    lil1lJ~ l taapryy' V 1. to have one's eyes half-

    "' m

    lill thy:utaa'

    V co 11 o q. to reach (one's) turn

    If a word is not found under 1111

    , see Iii::;

    lil1

    <9)

    198

    (to do something).

    single eye, stare at simultaneously.


    I

    .., "' 'Yl'Wiilll Vl'W thantaa'h(;inl 1. immediately, in time.


    2. in time to see (it).
    '1111i11'\.JS'U

    J.J1'Wiil1

    "' 1 J.Jiil1 "' J.JVl'W miin~a'miitaa' V to be in a position of


    respect, esteem, deference.

    ....

    mAantaa' N anat. iris.

    thamtaa'prlbprlb' V to blink the

    eyes repeatedly (e.g. when stunned by defeat or sorrow).


    Utl'Wiil1 ( lil'd

    1~ 'd 1 ~ lil1

    mAjwaautaa' without taking (one's) eyes

    off (something) .

    ~) najtaa' (duan') N eye. -syn. lil1.


    (lil'd~,61n) 10ugnajtaa'(duau',l1lug')
    ~

    ..,

    B'Uiill in GiB'Uiill
    ~

    s1lu'jibtaa' colloq. to fight or

    o 61nUtJ'Wiil1 ~
    ~

    resist until death.


    L~F11i11lllil~ r6og'taadeen' N pathol. conjunc-

    N eyeball. -+Also

    61 n lil1.
    ~

    'Wo11i11 namtaa' N 1. tears, teardrops.

    2. drip-

    tivitis. 61 'd ~ 1111 luantaa' V to deceive, fool the eyes.

    pings (e.g. of a candle).


    'ITHJ1 ( ~'W, 'U 1'W, 'IJ 1 ~, F1) batJtaa' N 1. view
    ~

    ~'U !ill labtaa' V to be out of sight, to disappear.


    ii'll'Wiil1 laantaal V colloq. to make one's eyes

    breaker, i.e. either a curtain covering the window, hung from about midpoint down (phyYil'), or a cafe door (baan'). 2. eyeshade; blinker (for a horse) (kh~atJ' kh1lu').
    'U 1 ~ lil1 baan'taa' V to thin out, dwindle, fade

    spin (because of fantastically large numbers).

    ~J.JIII1 lyymtaa' V 1. to open the eyes. 2. to have


    one's eyes open. o
    61J.J~ii'lJ.Jiil1
    ~ ~

    -+Ant. Vl~'UIIIl.

    ' lyymhuu'lyymtaa' V to open ones

    (in number). -Ant. Vl'Wllill.


    'U 11illil1 baadtaa I

    eyes to, become aware of what is going on around one.


    61 n lil1
    qJ

    V 1. to offend the eyes. 2. to

    hurt one's feelings upon seeing. 3. c o 11 o q. to be glaring, dazzling. o 61 'd U'U 11illil1 suaj'baadtaal co 11 o q. to be strikingly beautiful, dazzlingly beautiful.
    b'Un lil1'-- n ;1

    ( lil 'd ~ , 61 n) 11lugtaa' (duan' 11lug')


    cu
    v
    rr'

    N ana t.

    eyeball. -Also

    ~n'WU'Wiil1.

    l61'Wiil1 l~ntaa' V to flirt with the eyes. lb 'd'Wiil1 ( el'W, F1) wtntaa' (?an', kh1lu')
    'II

    N glasses,

    OO;:Jgtaa',

    b8;:Jgtaa'kw~an'

    to

    spectacles.
    ll 'd 'd lil1 weewtaa' N look, expression in the eye,

    open the eyes wide (as when frightened).


    b1J'WVll1J'W lillll 'll'W penhuu'pentaa'-theen' e 1 a b.
    ~

    gleam of the eye.


    61:::: lillillil1 sadud'taa' V to strike the eyes, be eye-

    co 11 o q., idiom. to keep an eye on things, take charge of things (for someone).

    catching, noticeable.
    61 1 U lill saajtaa'

    '

    l'lJ~eJnlil1 plyagtaa' N eyelid.

    N 1. sight, eyesight. 2. line

    1'lJ; ~ lil1

    proontaa' V 1. to be transparent. 2.

    of vision.
    Vl'W 11111 n&a'taa' V to get thick (in number, as of

    to be uncluttered.
    ~ ~llil1 phldtaa' V to look changed.

    acrowd).
    ~

    -+Ant.

    'Ul~lil1.

    o ~ lil'Vl~ lillil1 phldhllu'phldtaa' V e 1 a b. co 11 o q.


    ~

    Vl'W llill nAataa' N countenance.

    to look changed; to have changed markedly in appearance.


    'W ~ 1 ~ lil1 phraautaa' V to camouflage. 'WS'Uiil1 phrfbtaa' V 1. to blink, blink the eyes.

    o F1'WVl'W11111~ (A'W) khonn~ataadii' (khon') good-looking person.


    VlJ.JeJiill (A'W) m::btaa' (khon')

    N com. eye

    doctor.
    VlJ.Jltlllll m&ajtaa' V to mark (something) with the

    C 2. an instant, a wink, a twinkling.


    n~::::'WS'Uiill.

    -Also 1.

    eyes, take notice of.


    "'

    1'W'W ~ 'U !ill , -- llil U 'd


    A

    najphribtaa', naj' -phrib::::

    Vliil'Uiil1 labtaa' V to close the eyes.

    -Ant. ~J.Jiil1.

    taa'diaw' in the twinkling of an eye, quick as a wink.

    Vl1t!Vl'W1Vl1UIII1 h&ajn~a'h&ajtaal V elab. colloq.

    1. to disappear. 2. to be away, out of sight, not

    J.JeJ~ l1J'Wiilll~tl'd m:J;)tJ'-pentaa'diaw 1 (several)


    to focus their eyes upon, stare at as with a
    ~

    seen by others.
    I

    Vllil161 'd 1 ~ huutaa'sawaan' V 1. to be wide-awake. lil1 , see lil::::

    If a word is not found under

    199
    2. to be well-informed, wide-awake about what is going on. separately, individually. o b'tJ 1 A1 ~ n'Wd.J 1n khawtaa:g'kanmllag' They differ greatly. o ~ 1'litJiilA 1 ~ '1 kinds of fabric. o ~ 1 A1 ~ 'litJiil phlla'taa:gchanfd' a fabric of a different kind, another kind of fabric. N ano eJ 1'\.J LVI~ eJ m1 ~ 'Wo1 ?aab:gya'taa:gnaam' co 11 o q. "to bathe in sweat instead of water," a simile used to express the idea of being very hard at phnicllwtaa' (?o:g') T 1 it., o work.
    t
    I "-' I

    Vl' , t.J 1 ~ 1 Lfle.J'W hi:iupaa'taathyan' V e 1 a b. co 11 o q.


    to be ignorant of what is happening.
    A 1 l2:J
    ( fl'W)

    phlla'-chanfd'taa:gtaa:o' various

    taa' (khon')

    N 1. maternal grandfather,

    mother's father. T 2. title used with the first names of men or boys, esp. older men.
    I I

    'lJ 8 1m 18 18

    ( fl'W) puujlla'taajaajl (khon')

    cestors: "paternal grandparents and maternal grandparents."


    'IU ~ L~ 1 A1

    ( eJ

    ~A)

    q-

    <=::J

    defer. term of address for an ascetic.


    I

    li11~fl'WA1~m.J'tlnA'W:::fl'W61:::eJ81~

    taa:gkhon'-

    'I'WA1

    (fl'W) ph~::Jtaal (khon')


    I

    N (man's) father(woman's) father-

    taa:gk~mii' -thadsana?'khonlajaa:o'l Each sepa-

    in-law. -+Comp. in-law.

    'WeJ~'d

    rate person has a different viewpoint. o m1~ L~8'Un'Wl'lJASVI'W~ taa:o':otab'-kanpajkhrau'~ ,


    ny:g~ Each remained silent for a moment.
    I
    CJ

    am 1
    ""

    ?iitaal c 0110 q. guy, fellow, mister.


    I;

    o eJ A1 fl'W'W'W ?iitaa'khonmin' that guy, that fellow.


    A1
    r;n

    lill

    n'W taa:g'kan' v to differ,

    be different, dis-

    in

    m1VI 1 n taba.ag'* co 11 o q. variant of


    A1 ~ l2:J.

    tinct (i.e. from each other).

    A1 ~VI 1 n apart, separately, on the contrary. -+See A1 n


    19)

    ~ 1 ~ Jl'U taa:g'ka~ to differ from. ~ 1 ~ fl'Wll ~ 1 ~ 1 ~ taa:gkhon'k~taa:gcajl

    Different

    taag' V 1. to spread (in the sun), expose

    people have different preferences. Cf. Eng. "One man's meat is another man's poison." A1 ~ q~Wllil taa:gca:gwad' out-of-town, provincial: "a different changwat." Normally used to refer to sections of a country outside of its capital.
    A 1 ~ 'l11 A taa:gchllad' foreign, of another nationality. fl'W-I I
    ~

    (to light, air, etc.). 2. to be exposed, dried (as in the sun).


    n ;18m 1 n

    (li.J, 61 , n) klaajtaag' (bajl, Iaug') N

    dehydrated banana (dried in the sun). A1 nlblillil taagdhd' V 1. to sun (oneself), expose to the sun, spread out in the sun. 2. to be exposed to the sun. [;\ 1 n~ 1 taagphlla'

    foreigner, esp. a person of another race.


    ~

    o li11 ~ 'l11 m m1 ~ Jl1"cl-1

    taa:gchllad'taa:gphaas~a'

    e 1 a b.

    v to hang up the laundry.

    m1 n eJ 1 n 1 A taag?aakaad' V to take an airing,

    co 11 o q. (of) different nationality and speech. .., li11 ~ lil1 'd taa:gdllaw' 1. a foreign country. 2. (as n. mod.) alien, foreign. fl'W-alien (esp. in the

    get out in the open (as during a vacation in the country, at the seashore). o 611:11'W'tlA1neJ1n1A N resort.
    'WeJ'WA 1n8 ~ n::J~m'taagju:g' to sleep exposed to q
    d

    technical sense, i.e. a citizen of another country). o

    sath~anthti'taag?aakaad'

    1'U611Abj)~1~;11 (b'U,Iil,~'U) bajls~mkhan1 taa:gdllaw' (bajl, cbabab') N 1. passport. 2. alien identification card.

    mosquitoes.

    li11 ~

    '1 taa:gtaa:o' different, various, sundry.


    'W 1'W 1 taa:gtaa:o'naanaa' in various ways,

    m1 n m1 ~

    l2:J
    19)
    a' I

    taag' pN Tak, a township in NW Thailand. taa:o' N packsaddle. ( liJ1 ) sadtaa:g' (tua') N pack animal.

    m1 ~ '1

    in all sorts of ways, in every conceivable way; about all sorts of things; variously.
    I

    6iA1 A1 ~

    A1 ~ l2:J taa:g' V 1. to be different, separate; to differ (in characteristics). In this use normally
    v v

    A 1 ~ 'lJ S::: L'11 A taa:gprath~ed' 1. a foreign country;

    abroad. 2. foreign.
    I

    n 1 s--

    foreign affairs.

    followed by

    n'W, n'IJ. sV 2. instead of, in place

    o 'l11 1 A1 ~ 'lJ s::; L'11A (khon') o

    ( fl'W)

    chaawtaa:gpratMed'

    of, on behalf of. Nm 3. each, different. Sometimes occurs without a following elf. AA 4.

    N foreigner.
    ('lJs:::n1s,eJ'W)

    'WL8'U18~1~'\Js~b'I1A
    , see A:::

    najoo'baajl~

    If a word is not found under A1

    200
    taa:gprath~ed'

    (prakaan', ?an')

    N foreign

    ever, anybody.
    o 'U l'W 6~8 1lliln~ 1J.J
    v
    <:

    policy.
    ~11Jl1~1 taa:gphaas~a'

    Manmya:gdajlk~taam' no

    a different language, a

    matter which country (it is), whichever country


    it is.

    foreign language.

    ~ 1 ~ 6~ eH taa:gmya:g' other countries, other localities. Fl 'W- I I

    "' o UJ.J(':I1 ... )~~ . . . n~1J.J

    (u~).

    mte'(wa:::: No matter if

    N foreigner, stranger, esp. a

    ... )ca:::: ... k~taam'-+ (t8:::::)...

    person from another locality.


    rll ~ 'J 1 taa:gwa::::

    (such and such occurs), still (such and such is the case). Even though (such and such might occur), still (such and such would be the case). Notwithstanding (such and such), still (such and such is the case).
    V
    ~ J;

    supposing, suppose, if.

    (911 nnn taa:gha.agl, ta:ghaag'* 1. apart, separately. 2, on the contrary, contrary to what (you) think. --Also
    I I

    ~lv'lln
    I

    colloq.

    o F11611 F\ lil r11


    .f
    I I

    nn n khaso:u'- khict'taa:utaag'
    colloq. suppose,

    oo66J.J~~ileJ'!J61~~Fl'U1~n~1J.J lb~'!JS:::6TIA't11~'1JeJ~ 6~1 9

    (with) postage figured separately .


    r1 r111 ( 11) tfitaa:u' * (wa')

    ~ ~ 6 ~ ~6J!'llilJ'W 1 mte'camiil?ubpasag'Ma:g' k~::::


    taam'-+ teeprath~ed'chad'kh:S;:,:graw' cacara<m':::: wadthanaa' ~ Even though there may be some

    supposing.
    66~

    n ~ 11 teegtaa:u'

    to differ.

    Fl11 :w-

    - differ-

    obstacles, still our country will advance and progress.


    o eJ~1~1sn~1J.J jaa:grajlk:Jtaam' however, at any
    I 0C

    ence. W &1 rill pMntaa:u' N difference.


    'J 1 rl11 wataa:g' V to act for (in a lawsuit).
    ~

    rate. -+Also
    n~
    <:

    eJ~111snlil.
    Iii 1J.JL6~

    <;;c<

    11 m See entries below.

    1J.J66~.

    See
    See

    below.

    Ji [il 1 J.rfl .
    N e leg. earring.
    V
    I

    1711 J.J ~

    below.

    n d lil ~ 1 J.J kuadtaam', kuad'taam::::

    ll 0 q. to

    'Vl'W U 11

    ( 'U 1'W) nataa:u' (baan')

    N window.
    ~

    run after.
    eJ lli! 1J.J
    t~:g'taam::::

    r11 'W taan' N path o l. a kind of children's disease. r11'W tan' V to resist, withstand.
    I

    V to agree with, be in accord

    with.
    li!1d-.Jni]'Vi:J.J1tl taamkodmaaj' 1. to be legal, be ac-

    rl eJ rll 'W

    t~;:,tan'

    V to resist, to counter.

    rll 'W 111 'W tanthaan' V to resist, withstand, afford

    cording to the law. 2. legally.


    lil1:J.Jn ~'W taamklln' to scent, follow the scent (of).
    Iii ld-J~'J 11
    taamkhw~a:u'
    I

    resistance against.
    Fl ':1 1 J.J- ~

    n 1 ~-- resistance.

    resistance.

    across, crosswise, trans-

    1J.J

    C9J

    taam' V 1. to follow. sV 2. following,

    verse.
    Iii 1 J.J Fl 'J S taamkhuan' V 1. to be as it should be;

    along (e.g. a street), around, in (e.g. the house), according to.


    ~--

    follower.

    to be meet, proper. sV 2. as (one sees) fit; as befits, as is befitting (to).


    lil1 J.J l Fl ~ taamkhaaj' as usual.
    Iii ld-Jl ~

    "' r11 J.J n

    k~taam'

    1. is of no consequence, of no

    moment; 1st example. 2. no matter (who, which, what, etc.), hence (who)ever, (which)ever, (what)ever, etc.; 2nd and 3rd examples. NOTE. The complementary clause following
    1; 1;

    taamcaj' V 1. to humor, please, yield to

    the wishes (of). 2. to do as one pleases.


    o Iii 1J.Jl ~ ~bl.l, taamcaj'khun' as you wish, as you

    nr11J.J
    Q'W

    in mng. 1 often ends in 'Y1 HJ 'W; see 1st example.


    o

    please; whatever you wish, please.


    ri1J.J l ~J.J taamdaam' as before, as previously.

    6~1~~6~'W'VlJ.JeJ'VlSeJ6~'W~n1TI~1A16irl;n~1J.J
    "''l 1; 1; lil b ~'Y11'W'W

    khawcapenm:S;:,'ryypennagwfdthajaa:::: (whether)

    lil1J.J6~~~ taam'dla' tofollowclosely.


    Iii 1J.Jrl S 1 taamtro:g'
    I

    saad'

    k~taam'-- chandiicaj 'tha:gnan'*

    straight (of speaking), frankly.


    k~taam'tee::::;

    <;

    he becomes a doctor or a scientist is of no con

    r11 :w l6 ~ , n ~ 1 :J.m ~

    ( 1) taam'tee::::,

    sequence; I'll be happy either way.


    o

    ( 2) taam't81 L k~taamlte1 ~ 1. as, according to what, in accordance with what, whatever; it

    lFl~n~lJ.J khraj'k~taam' no matter who, who-

    201

    depends on what. 2. It's up to (him)! Let him! Let it go! Never mind! That depends! o

    1711d-J~bjj1711d-Jfl :l

    S:J..I taambun 1 taamkam' letting nature

    take its course, leaving it to fate.


    1711:J..J'lin ~ taam'pogkatl ?I normally, ordinarily,

    1711:J.Jb6~LeJf11f'i~::;EJ'1'W'dt.l
    I

    taam'tte?ookaad'ca:::

    ?amnuaj' as opportunity permits.

    as usual.
    1711 J-J'li :l::; 611 taam'pras1!.a/ in the manner of, ac-

    in accordance with what you see fit. o

    cording to the ways of (e.g. a certain station in life, mode of life).


    ~

    1711J-J66~FID!~ ::;1;
    q

    taam'ttekhun'caha.jl whatever o

    -Also 1711d-JJl1~1, 1711:J..I~::; 611.


    ~

    you give.

    J-JA'd1:J..I~'t11711:J..Ji.J:l::;6116lilfl

    miikhwaamsug'-taam:::

    prasaa'deg' to be happy in the manner of a child, accordance with what you see fit.
    0

    according to the ways of children.


    1711:J..IJl1~1

    6 Jj eJVl1 Jj 6661 d 1mr~

    'V

    n1711 JJ66171

    m~ah.am'ltewm.j:::

    taam'phaasi!.a' in the manner of, accord-.Also 1711 J-J'li J::; 611 , 1711 d-1 ~::; 611 .

    fan'-k~taam'th'~ (Since) he won't listen when

    ing to the ways of.

    he is forbidden (to do something), then let him (do it)!


    1711J-J111~

    1711J-J:ll1711d-J 6 fllil taammii'taamk~dd' according to

    one's means, as one can afford.


    1.
    1711d-Jf:J 11 taamjaaw' lengthwise, longitudinal. 1711 d-1 J eJ f:J taamr:J:Jjl 1. to track.
    d

    (1) taamthaan'; (2) taam'thaau:::

    along the way. 2. according to.


    0

    2. to imitate,

    1711 Jj 111 ~

    n 1 J taam'thaaukaan' officially.
    v " '"

    follow in the footsteps (of someone).


    1711:J..I 6 J eJ ~ taam~an' co 11 o q. accordingly, as

    o 1711J-J111~Fl'WFl11~1n'li~::;cJ~A161171~ taam 1 thaan::: kh6nkhwaa'-caagprawadsaad' according to historical research. o 1711 J.J111 ~ m


    .J
    I

    the circumstances allow (or require); for the heck of it.


    d
    I

    ::; 1Ll61 'lJ A ~ 'W 'lJ ta amthaan' -thticapaj:::: 'IJ


    taam'thiil, k~taam'thiil let it be

    o 66fl'Wli11711 :J..I 6 HH 1Li eJ f:J 11 'IJ'IJ 6 eH keephOud'taam:::


    'IJ

    !c;

    suul-nakh:J:mlnanl along the way to that city.


    1711 J.Jil,

    ~an 1 -pajjaaunan?een'~ He said it just for the

    n1711 J-JTI

    heck of it.
    1711 d-1 iii :J..I taamlom' V 1. to move leeward, move

    (indicating resignation, state of being fed up with something, someone). o


    b116't11eJCJ1n"J::;111f:J~1'lJ
    q...
    0
    Q...l

    with the wind. sV 2. leeward, with the wind.


    "'"

    fl1711J-J11 tMakhawjaag:::

    1711:J..Jiii'1A'U taamlamdab'

    1. in order, in series,

    catham'jannan'- k~taam'thii'~ If he wants to do it that way, let him.


    1711d-J't1 taam 1 thti:::
    d

    consecutively. 2. respectively. 3. progressively, gradually. 4. in the order of (e.g. height).

    1. as (i.e. in accordance with

    1711J-J61'Tl~~ taamlamphan' alone, by oneself.


    1711:J..18'U 1 t:J taamsabaajl V 1. to be at ease, feel at

    what, that which). 2. in reference to what (that which), referring to what (that which). NOTE. When mng. 2 is implied the clause which is introduced by 11 the particle
    d
    v
    q

    home. sV 2. leisurely, comfortably. ' 1711 J..J 61 'J 'lJ taamsuan' in proportion.
    ' d 171'l:J.Jb6Vliil~11

    often has its end marked by


    'IJ'IJ q.v.; 3rd example.
    !c;

    taamltu'thti:::

    inplaceswhere.

    1711J..IeJf:J11 taamjaa:o' V to imitate, follow (some-

    1711J-J11AD!~ 66611
    'IJ

    taaml-thtikhunrliu'ltew' as
    A <1./A

    one's) example.
    ~li1171'l:J..I tldtaam' V 1. to follow, pursue. 2. to

    you already know. o 1711 :J..mllil 6 Af:J'li~JU 171 J-J 16661 1 taam'-thtidAjkhddVpatib8.d 1 - maaltew' as has previously been the practice. o 1711d-J11FID!'d1:J..I1'1J'IJ taam'-thtikhunw.a'maanan' q in reference to what you said, referring to what you said.
    1711d-J 6 J J ;]...llill taam'thammadaa' usually, ordinarily. 1711d-J'U 1'\J taamMan' around the house.
    d
    !c;

    accompany.
    ~[i]{;ji:Jf:JVleJf:J1711;]...1 tlds5j1Mjtaam' V elab. colloq.

    "

    to follow, accompany.

    6U'IJ6~11711J..irl1 penuaw'taamtua' "as one's shadow


    follows one's body," a simile for an inevitable consequence. Cf. Eng. "as night follows day."
    6U'W l'lJ 1711 :J..I pen'pajtaam'

    1. to agree with, be

    according to, be in accordance with. 2. to be

    202
    (that) way. :WeJHll:l-1 m;,;,utaam' V to follow (someone) with one's eyes. ':l ltill:l-1
    w~ataam'

    surprise, dismay, etc.


    till~ 1 'l taajlcajl V to have implicit faith in, to

    trust implicitly. V to say after, repeat after. to send

    till~ iii''J taajtua' V to be fixed, stable, unalterable,


    rigid.
    l1J1~61~'J1

    1;1lJtil1:W ... :l-11 for (someone). till:l-1


    l.!:J

    h~jpajtaam'- ... maa'

    taajllawaa'! E excl. expressingdismay.

    taam' V to light. Chiefly in the combina~

    l1J 1 ~ ll61 'J taajlt~::w'! E excl. expressing dismay. l1J 1 ~ 1 Vl ~ taajhi5ou' V to die a violent death.

    tions given below. -s y n.

    lil .

    til1:W1Fl:w taamkhoom' V to light a lantern.


    til1:W1~j taamfajl V to light a lamp, candle,

    1;til1~1Vl~til1~~1

    MjtaajMou'taajhaa' vulg.

    May the plague take me! (expression used to swear that one is telling the truth).
    o

    torch.
    till~

    taajl V 1. to die. 2. to cease, stop. 3. to be dead. 4. to be fixed, rigid, motionless (of things which are or seem to be capable of movement or adjustment). sV 5. to death, dead (as in "beat to death, strike dead"). E 6. exclamation of surprise, dismay, etc. In this last use it follows other exclamatives or occurs in combinations like till~ 'l S~ , till~ fl ~ ':l 1 , til1 ~ lliil'J shown below. below). -syn. 1. Fl':l1:W-- ,Fl'W-- ,t:J--

    1;~'WM 1 ~ 1 Vl~ till ~~1

    MjmantaajMon'taajhaa'

    vulg. May the plague take him! (a curse).


    till~ till~

    "'

    ! taajtaajl L ! taajltaajl! E excl. expres-

    sing surprise, dismay, etc.


    t:J till~
    'U

    ( Fl'W)

    ph1lutaajl (khon')

    N the deceased,

    the dead.

    1~til1~ (1~)

    maajtaajl (maajl)

    N 1. decisive

    blow, knock-out blow (in boxing). 2. decisive trick or stratagem. S Elliltill ~


    r~'I:Jdtaaj I

    i'W'I'l~~'lf'WJ

    'IJ

    (see

    roy.,

    :mDlJ11'1'l sacer., ~Hlnnn:w

    eleg., :W'J~

    ~~lbn' ..,
    lit.

    V to survive, escape death.

    1 ;till~~ Mjtaajlsti! co 11 o q. Cross my heart and hope to die! (used to swear that one is telling the truth).
    eJeJn'l~till~ ?~;,gcataajl

    :WeJ~ slang. -Ant. 3-5.


    o

    l'U'W.

    n~~tlilmt1til1~
    the water.

    kradoodnaam'taav to jump to

    a watery death, commit suicide by jumping into

    colloq. extremely, very

    much, a lot. eJ ~till~ q ?ujtaajl L ! ?ujtaajl! E excl. expressing

    8 ~till~

    jiutaajl to shoot to death, shoot dead.


    kunc~::~::'paagtaajl

    nbllll'llJ1ntil1~ q

    N open end

    surprise, dismay, etc. Sometimes written


    eJ~ ![1)1~! q

    wrench (i.e. with fixed jaws). Fl'Wtil1 ~ ( Fl'W) khontaajl (khon') N 1. dead person.

    "'

    and pronounced !?ujl taajl!.

    till~

    taajl. Variant of
    till~ till~!

    1~.

    2. death (i.e. cases of death, persons dead).

    l1J 1 ~ in

    ! taajtaajl !. ! taajltaajl! E excl.

    Fl'J1:Wtil1~ khwaamtaajl Ndeath.-Syn.~'l~n'lf lit. q


    o Fl ':l 1 :W l ~'W Fl 'J 1 :l-1 till~ khwaampen'khwaamtaajl
    N life and death. Fl'ltill ~ ( Fl'l) khamtaajl (kham') N dead syllable (in the Thai system of writing), i.e. a syllable ending in a short vowel or a stop consonant. -Opp. Fl'll ~'W.
    ~1Fl'Wtil1~ kh~a'khontaajl

    expressing surprise, dismay, etc. Sometimes written taajl!. tillS 1 ~ . till fl See under till taan' (t6n')
    ~.

    till~

    "'

    ! l1J 1 ~ ! and pronounced ! taajl

    ( M'W)

    N sugar palm, toddy palm.

    NOTE. This is the specific term. It is normally

    ..,

    preceded by a class term such as


    to kill, murder a per1 'l.J til'Wtil161

    ~l'W

    "tree,"

    "leaf," etc., as circumstances require. ( M'W) t6ntaan' (t6n') N sugar palm,

    son. n 1 S--

    ..,

    murder, homicide .

    ~ :W'W,Itill ~

    comnaam'taajl to drown, get drowned.

    :f'l.J till~ cabtaajl v to take dead: "capture dead."


    -op p.

    ..,

    toddy palm (i.e. the tree) . namtaan' N sugar. l1J ~ 61 ~tTtil S .

    'W'1til161

    :f'l.J l ~'W

    til161 tTtil s taalapad' N palm -leaf fan used by priests. -Sometimes incorrectly spelled
    til~

    till~'l~~ taajlciu'Ltaajciu'l E excl. expressing

    "'

    If a word is not found under l1J 1 , see

    203
    n i'U lil'H11Yiil ~ klab'taalapad' idiom. 1. to make li!'1S'U (lil'1S'U,

    b~:W)

    tamrabl*

    (tamrab',l~m')

    a reversal. 2. to change one s mind. 3. to go


    1

    1. prescription, formula (esp. medical)(tamrab').

    back on one 1 s word.


    lil'1 tam' V 1. to pound (esp. in a mortar).

    2. textbook, reference book, manual (of any kind) 2. to (tamrab', l~m'). -see lil'1s 1.
    I

    puncture, pierce, prick (with nail, thorn, needle, or other small object). -syn. 1.
    L'IJG'ln.

    lil'1S'Uiil'1n

    (b61:W)

    tamrabltamraa/(l~m')

    2.
    lil'1n

    textbook.
    I

    (lil'1s1, br;1:W)

    tamraa' (tamraa',l~m')

    lil'1'tJ 1 '} tamkh~aw/ to pound rice (paddy) in a

    1. prescription, formula (esp. medical) (tamraa').

    mortar (in order to remove husks and to polish


    it for cooking use).
    I

    2. textbook, reference book, manual (of any kind) (tamraat, l~m'). -see lil'1S'U.

    lil'1 tam' V to be low. L6l

    -Ant. ~ ~.

    lil'1~ ~ tamlYl]/ C a Thai monetary unit, equivalent


    to four bahts.
    lil'1V!'il tamni?' V 1. to reproach, criticize, blame.

    ~'1
    I

    cajtam/ V to be base, vile.


    1. to drop, decline. 2. to be
    Fl '} 1 :W-- decline.

    lil n lil' 1 togtam' v


    V

    declining, falling low.


    I

    N 2. defect, imperfection, flaw, blemish. [conv.

    lil'1~ 1 tamcha.a' V to be depraved, morally bad. ' lil'16i ~ tam' sud' v to be minimum, the minimum, 9

    f. ~ ]
    b~'Wiil'1V!'il pentamnl ?I V to be a defect, an imper-

    the lowest.
    I

    fection, a marring feature. "high and low." See example.


    I

    lil'16i ~ tam'suuu'
    q,j

    :Wiil1V!'W miitamni ?I V to have a defect, a flaw,

    cJ

    o Fl 'l 1:W b"vl61 l:W6'l,11il'16i ~ khwaamlyamlam'tamsuuu'


    'U

    an identifying mark.
    lil'1V!S'U.

    N disparity, inequality.
    5n"cl-s

    See

    lil'1S'U.

    ~'1

    ( lild) ?ags:S;mtam' (tua')

    N a LOW

    lil'1LbV!'W ~

    ( lil'1LbV!'W ~)

    '

    tamntu'*(tamnen')

    N 1. position,

    consonant.
    0

    rank, post. 2. place, location. tamnaan' (r1au') N legend. N tambon, a More

    lil TW 1'W lil'1'U61

    d ( b :l l ~)

    if~ lil'1bbV!~ ~

    chiu 1 tamnen' V to compete for a title

    ( lil'1'U61) tambon' (tambon')

    (as in sports).
    ~'1nlil'1bbV!'W~

    subdivision of an amphoe ( 1'1 bJl1).

    damrou'tamneu' V toholdtheposi-

    or less equivalent to a precinct. -see ~ ~ Vi'J~ .


    lil'1bUJ in V!:Wllil'1bUJ ( FI'W)
    m~:Jtamjee' (khon')

    tion (of).
    ~ H lil'1bbV!'W ~
    'U

    "'~

    ( Fl'W)

    phOurau'tamneu' (khon')

    colloq. midwife.
    lil'1 s 'l 6l

    -+Syn.

    ~~~FISSJl

    eleg.

    one acting in place of another, an acting (e.g. governor, etc.).

    ( 'W 1 tl, FI'W) tamruad'* lil s 'l 6l]

    N policeman; the

    police. [conv. f.

    ~ tl ?I V to criticize, blame.

    -+Cf. lil'1V!'il.

    ns:wlil'1S'l6l kromtamruad/ N Police Department.


    neJ~Iil,1S'l6l

    ~ti:W tl? 1 chom/ V to find fault with, criticize


    (finding both good and bad points).

    (nell) b:Jutamruad' (b:JU')

    police force.
    lil'1 S 'l 6l6l S 16l s ( 'W 1 tl, FI'W) tamruad'caraac:J:Jn'

    ~ b ~t'J'W tl?tian/ V to criticize, reprove, express


    disapproval of. Fl 'l 1 :W-o Fl'1~b~ti'W (FI'1,'1Jl,i.JS:::;n1s) khamtl?tian' (kham', proval.
    lil ~
    .:1
    ~
    Q..l

    ..,

    disapproval, blame .

    (naajl, khon') traffic police.


    'W 1 rJ lil'1 S '} "1

    N 1. traffic patrolman. 2. the

    kh~b/,

    prakaan')

    N criticism, disap-

    ( 'W 1 rJ, FI'W) naajtamruad' (naajl,

    khon')
    'U

    N police officer.
    ('W1ti,Fl'W) pMukamkab'kaan:::

    (!ill 1 el'W) tlu' (tlu 1, ?an 1 ) age, projection.

    N outgrowth, append-

    "' ~n'1n'Un1slil'1S'l"1

    tamruad' (naajl, khon') N (district or provincial) chief of police.


    'VH'11il'1 S 'l "1 ( 'W 1 tl , FI'W) phontamruad' (naajl, khon')

    li~ 1 s~jtl.u'

    N appendix (body part). -Cf.

    lii'W.
    ~ ~ tld/ V 1. to adjoin, connect. 2. to attach (to),
    be attached (to). 3. to stick (to), adhere'(to),

    N 1. policeman (lowest police rank). T 2. Officer-- (ref. to a policeman).

    get stuck (to, in). 4. to be addicted to. 5. to

    204 court. 6. to kindle, ignite. 7. co 11 o q. to owe.


    !illd-JM!il taamtld' V to follow closely.

    interested in, fascinated with.


    d !il!ii~'VIS
    ~

    m !il n ~:::; !il d-.1


    y

    tld'kradum'

    1. to fasten the buttons,

    tld'burii' to be addicted to smoking, be

    button up. 2. to sew buttons on.


    M!ilrl'W tld'kan V 1. to be connected, joined to-

    a habitual smoker.
    ~ wtJ 1 n tldpaag' V to be addicted to the use of a

    gether, adjoining. 2. to be of one piece.

    certain word or expression.

    ~ !il n'U

    (ii)

    tld'ka:::: to be adjacent to, attached to.

    ~!ii~'W tldpyyn' V to be armed, to qrry guns (as


    a ship).

    M!ilrl'U ll tldk<l.b' V to be trapped.

    m !il n 11
    glue.

    tldkaaw'

    v to glue, stick together with

    ~!iii'W tldphan' V 1. to engage, occupy, concern,


    involve. 2. to be engaged, occupied, involved (in, with}. 3. co 11 o q. to be in love (with), to court.

    M!iiFl1 tldkh::J::JI V to be stuck, lodged in the

    throat (as a fish bone).

    M!i1Fl1~ tldkhaau' V 1. to be in debt, be owing.


    2. to be stuck, lodged (in something).
    d !il!il bFl~1~ tldkhr1au' ~ d "i ,., .~

    n 1 s F1n u~ ~!iii'Wn'W1~
    qJ

    kaansyg'-jautldphan'kan::::

    juu' the war is still engaging (them).


    ~!ii1'W tldfajl V 1. to kindle, ignite a fire.
    be inflammable, combustible.
    2. to

    V to start up the motor. V to

    !il!ilbFl~1~ L'flS~trn tld'khr1authoorasab'

    install a telephone.
    m!il~:::; tld'ca::::

    ~!il S 1'1in 1 ~ tld'rttadchakaan' V to be occupied


    with official or government duty.

    AA apt to, incline toward.

    m !ill~

    tldcajl

    to like, be fond of, take a fancy

    ~!ilLS Fl tldr6ogl V to contract a disease, catch a


    (contagious) disease.
    M!il61ltJ'VIltJ!i11d-J tlds3j'Mjtaaml V elab. colloq.

    to; to be attracted, impressed (by}.

    ~Wtf:::; 1n tld'chauag' V to be stuck, get stuck.


    ~ !il !il ) ( rl'W' n'U) tid6::l'(kanl, ka::::)

    "

    1. to get in

    to follow, accompany.
    ~!ii~'W'U'W tld'sinbon/ V 1. to bribe.

    touch (with}. 2. to associate (with), be connected (with), adjoin. sV 3. without interruption, continuously, straight through (usually with
    ,.,

    2. to give a

    reward for information (as the police to someone who aids in discovering the wrongdoer).

    n'W ).

    n 1 ~--

    getting in touch, contacting,

    ~r161 ~ 1 tld'suraa' V to be addicted to alcohol, 9


    be a habitual drinker.
    ~
    I

    communication.

    o m~M!il!iltl ('ll'H) thaa1Jtldt:l::J' (thaau')

    !ilfi'VIf.'ld-.1 tldlom'

    V to get stuck in the mud.

    ways of communication, means of intercourse.

    ~fl'l-1'M!il!il 1 tldhuu'tldtaa' V 1. to see in one's qJ

    hA~!il~1 ('litJr1)

    rl'}og'tldt:,::lt (chanfd'}

    mind's eye. 2. to be vivid, striking. sV 3. vividly.


    M!ilvn~!ill~ tld?og'tldcajl V 1. to be attracted,

    contagious disease.

    ~Iii !il:::; ~ 1 ~ tld'taraau' V to be put in jail, imprisoned.


    l91lil!il~
    ~

    impressed, fascinated (by). 2. to like, be fond V to install. of, take a fancy to.

    t:c

    tld't~u'

    ~!ilrl1 tldtua' sV (to have something) with one,


    on one's person.

    M!il81~ tld?aau' V to stammer, stutter.

    ~ 01811 5 b! 8 tld'?aawud'- rya' V to arm a ship, 9


    outfit a ship with weapons.
    bb'W'U~lil nteb'tld' V to be attached to. " Wl in 'VI:W'W 51 1 munttw' V to spin very fast. 9
    ~
    cj

    ~!ill911M!ill~ tldtaa'tldcajl elab. colloq. V 1.


    to impress, be impressive. 2. to be impressed upon one's mind, be vivid in one's mind.

    ~!ill91 1d-J tldtaam' V 1. to follow, pursue. 2. to


    accompany.
    t:J-- an aide who travels with his
    qJ

    !il tii' V 1. to hit, beat, strike.

    2. (when followed

    be a numeral} an hour of the morning between midnight and 6 A. M. o ~611~ tiis3::l1J' colloq. 2 A.M.
    ll 'W1oWn1

    superior; an entourage.

    ~!il

    rl'W tldtld 1 kan' consecutively, one after

    -Syn.

    another, in a row, in close succession.

    writ.

    205

    lll'W

    'i "I :W ~
    "' <:

    coomtii' to attack, raid, assault.

    SblA'Wiil~'I11'U (AI~) r6dltiintakha.abl (khan 1 ) N


    caterpillar tractor.
    Vl'd'W eJ'WL.llil1 tJ A'W htian:J:Jnlplaajtiin' N idiom. the

    111 Ln Sllil tii'kled' V sew. to make tucks, to tuck.

    til '11 &ll-1


    9

    tii'khlum' V co 11 o q. to take advantage

    of the situation or of appearances (e.g. let it be believed that one is the owner of what is actually borrowed jewelry).
    d

    background of a person (esp. as it relates to his social status).


    lil'U

    tlib' V to be narrowed, constricted.

    ~ fl1ll-l tii' khwaam' V to explain, interpret,


    define (as a law).

    LS fl fl eJ A'U

    r(')og'kh:J:Jtlib' N diphtheria. "smell bad." -+Also ~

    "' ty?l rM modifier meaning "faintly, slightly," 111


    used esp. with LVl~'W
    .

    tii9J ~

    tii'chi:u' V to assault and rob (someone). tii'd.1ajl V to conquer, take (e.g. a town).

    til1;

    ~n
    ,.
    &

    (mi'~)
    v
    q,

    tyg' (la:u')
    ~

    N building, esp. brick building.

    M111 :i 1 tiitraa' V com. to stamp (as with a seal).

    lilns~~~

    (Vl&l~)
    I

    tyg'-ni?'faa' (la:u') N skyscraper.

    -Syn. 'th~rl'U111S 1
    ,.;t

    eleg.

    lilnn:w'U1'W'tieJ'l tygraam'Manch:">u' N elab.

    1111111 tiitua' V co 11 o q. to buy a ticket.

    co 11 o q. buildings (of all kinds, collectively).

    ~L;

    tii'Wo' V 1. to retaliate, make a counter-

    ~,n '1, :n '1


    the heart . o

    tygtyg',

    ~gt~g'

    i mit. palpitation of

    attack. 2. to hit back and forth (as a tennis ball).


    M'l'l::; L 'iJ tJ'W S bl tiithabian'r6d' V to register a car. co' 111 f.l1 tii'faa' V to attack and break through (the

    L'l

    61il'W111n

    ., "'

    '1

    cajt@nltygtyg' V 1. to have the

    heart beating with excitement. 2. the heart is. pounding, palpitating. sV 3. with pounding heart, with palpitating heart .
    "" lil 1 ty:u I

    enemy's line).

    ~ ~LJ 1 n tiilflipaag' v to wisecrack.


    !il~ml tii'phim' V to print, type, publish.
    o lil ~ lil~uw lo:utii'phim' V to publish.

    ...

    V to be tight, taut, tense, strained. fl11 :W--

    tension.
    ~ ~ 6 fl ~ tJ lil ty:ukhrtadl V 1. to be tense, strained

    A~ 1 fl1 tiiraakhaa' V to name the price, put a


    value (on), make a price estimate, appraise.
    AG1Tllil tiilsakad 1

    (as a situation). 2. to be stern (as of the face). Fl 1 1 :W- - tension, strain.


    'U ~ lil'l
    &'' "'
    b~tytJ'

    V to block, intercept (esp. in

    battle).
    AG1'i:l't1 tiilsanld' V colloq. to pretend to be

    V 1. to be sullen, sulky, cross.

    2. to be stern.

    acquainted (i.e. to behave like a close friend in order to obtain a favor).


    A'\il'W 1 tiin.1a' V co 11 o q. to put on an expression

    ~'W~~ mynty:u' V to be cold, indifferent. fi11:W-indifference.

    Vl~ ~ htiuty:u' V to be hard of hearing. -+Dis t. 'J


    Vl'\il'W 1 n "deaf."
    'J

    feigning (e.g. ignorance).

    "" 111 LVl&l n tiileg' V to forge iron, make ironware.


    111 in lillil1 ~ ( 'd 1)
    J"
    A
    I

    "' lillil

    (l'i1) t}ryd' (tua') lil'd--


    v

    N tapeworm.

    -+Usually

    tiitaa:u'(w.1a')* co 11 o q. suppose,

    supposing.

    ~'W ( ~'W, 'IJ 1 ~) tiin' (tiin', kMa:u')

    .,

    "' lil bl ID, 'IJ-- t}rydl, khtit}ryd' V colloq. to be stingy,


    N com. foot, -+Syn .
    d

    cJ

    tight, parsimonious.

    -Syn.

    d 111~~'\il'W

    eleg.,

    paw. Sometimes considered vulgar.

    .,

    iJ bVl'i:ltJ 'l

    c 0110 q.

    .,

    'U1'l1 lit.,

    'IJ eJ A'W

    ( '11 eJ , '11 1 ~ ) kh~:Jtiin' (kh~:JI, kMa:u')

    .,

    L'l11 eleg.,

    'W~~'U1'11

    roy. N

    111'W t}ryn' V 1. to wake (of oneself).

    2. to get excited,

    be excited about. 3. to start, become alert suddenly (as wild animals). -+Dist. 1. tJ~n. 9 !Tto

    com. ankle.
    cJ

    -Syn.

    'IJeJ L'l11

    eleg.
    :Yd

    lil'W L'IJ 1

    ( L6 Vl ~ ) tiinkh!l.w' (hf::tJ') N com. foothills,

    wake (someone)."
    'IJ111'W khtit}ryn' V colloq.

    the foot of the hill.


    cJ
    I

    -+Syn.

    L9'i~ L'IJ1 eleg.

    tobeeasilyexcited

    ., "-' {l 'd ~'W ( U1) nfwtiin' (niw') ., .,


    -+Syn.

    lil'W LLl&l1 tiinplaaw' barefoot, with bare feet.

    or alarmed.
    L'l n lil'W 1~ ceg'cyynfajl "a Chinese excited over a
    '" d

    N com. toe.

    ih

    6'111

    eleg.

    fire," a simile used to describe an easily excited person.

    ~A'W flitiin' N com. speed (of foot), pace.

    lii'W
    d

    206
    J' IWW'tJ'W t)ryn'kh~n V to wake up {from sleep).

    compounds.
    lii:W'Wo1'VltJn
    9

    lii'Wiil1 ryyntua' V 1. to be awakened, enlightened

    "' "'

    ( ~n, lii:W)
    'U
    9
    ~

    ...,

    ttlm'mimnag' (lt1ugl, tOm')

    (e.g. of a civilization). 2. colloq. to be on the alert, wide-awake.


    d d ~b "l lii'Wiil11il'W ' Ityyncaj ' I tyyntaa
    9

    N a weight.
    V
    I

    Iii :W'V!
    'U

    ( 'tJ 1 ~ , ~ , eJ'W)
    v

    ttlmhUu'

    {kh~an'.

    khtlu', ?an')

    V e 1 a b . co 11 o q.
    'U

    N earring.

    --Syn.

    lil1~~

    eleg. N 1. pendulum. 2.

    to be full of wonder and excitement {about something spect<lcular).


    d
    v

    "' ~nlii:W
    9

    (~n)
    'U

    ltlugt1lm'{ltlug')

    heavy pendant. 3. plummet.


    +
    q_..

    lii'W Llii'W tyyrnt~n' V to be excited, thrilled, enthusi-

    ~:W

    'l

    Iii eJ:W

    'l

    tumtum't~mt~m'*

    1. i mit. thump,

    astic. Fl11:W-- excitement, enthusiasm. &-' lii'W tWn' V 1. to be shallow. 2. to be superficial. 3. tobeeasy(ofaproblem). lowness.
    &-' "' lii'W L'tJ'W tWnkhaan' V to be shallow, become fl11:W--

    thump-thump (as the sound of drums beating). V 2. (the heart) to thump (as from fear or suspense). o 'l"llii:W 'l Iii eJ:W 'l cajl-tumtum't~mt:'lm' V the q heart to thump from fear or suspense (as when watching a movie or play).
    Iii tJ q
    + ""

    shal-

    shallow, (e.g. of a canal getting filled with sediment).


    &-' ~ lii'Wiii'W rwntan' v

    tujl V 1. to be bulging, protruding, swollen, puffed


    up. sV 2. with cheeks bulging (as when chewing).

    to be choked up (e.g. with sor-

    row, happiness).
    &-'

    111 tJ 'l ttljttljl sV with cheeks bulging (as when chewing q something).

    111 eJ-

    tW'

    V 1. to be heavy, stuffed (of the head). "' "dark" J rM 2. intensifier used with :Wiil eJ:W "full {from eating)."
    J

    Iii~ fl turakii' pN Turkey. [f. Eng. as the word is q


    spelled] -+See
    ~ fl

    "' . LIii eJ ~ n

    Iii eJ

    cyy'
    @J

    rM intensifier used with tJiil "dark" 1 ~

    . Abbrev. for

    111 fl1 Fl :W October. q tulaa'kaan 1 {khon',naajl) N

    "run."
    Iii
    9

    ~f11n1s

    ('W1tJ ,Fl'W)

    tu?l rM modifier meaning "faintly, slightly,"


    ~ ~

    judge.
    eJ01'W 1 "llil ~ 1 n 1 ~ ?amn~ad'-tulaa'kaan' q

    used esp. with

    L'Vl:W'W "smell bad." -+Also Iii

    N judicial

    ifl

    in LV'W~ LV'WiiJ::; be coherent.

    pentu?'penta?' to make sense,

    power.

    lii~1Fl:W tulaa'khom' N October. L~eJ'W-9


    el1'W "fat, heavyL ~ el'W.
    ~

    idem.

    Iii tu?l rM intensifier used with


    9

    -+The names of all the months are listed under


    I

    set."
    lilnLLn
    9

    ( M1) tugkee' (tua')

    N the gecko, a large

    Iii 'V! s lillil L'V! s turad'turee' V to wander about like a


    9 9

    house lizard.
    I

    vagabond, nomad. N 1. doll


    ~, ~

    liln lil1
    9

    ( M1, el'W) tugkataa' (tua', ?an')

    LeJ 1 tuul, tuul?aw::: V 1. to claim {the ownership of something) under false pretenses. 2. to mistake, to take one (person) for another.

    (tua'). 2. ana t. pupil of the eye (?an'). -+Also


    2. liJ11il 1,
    0

    ~'W

    tun' V to stock up, hoard. [f. Chin.]

    " 111 ( 1'U) ttlu' {bajl) N 1. class term for cupboards, 'U
    cabinets, {book) cases, wardrobes, etc. C 2. elf. for such items; for things in cabinets, cases, etc. [f. Chin.] o ; 61 eJ ~ 1'U ttlu' s::S~:ubaV two cabinets. o 'Vl'W~~ellii'W na:usyY-'-ttlu'nii' this case of books.
    Iii n s::; "l n ttlu'kracog'
    'U " 'U 'U

    nn~'W kagtun' v to hoard.


    lii'W 9 ( M1) tun' (tua')

    n 1 ~-- hoarding.

    N 1. bamboo rat (Rhizomys).

    2. mole. -+Usually M1--.


    Iii :W
    9

    ( 1'U ,

    ~ :W)
    9

    tum' N 1. large earthen storage jar

    ... ~

    (bajl). 2. swelling, bump (as from a mosquito bite) (tum').


    lil11il:W 9
    9

    N 1. glass cabinet. 2.

    (lil11il:W) taatum' (taatum') 9

    N anklebone.
    'U

    aquarium {the glass tank).


    Iii bl1tJ'd1:W t(lulthtlajchaam' N cupboard, cabinet

    LV'W~:W penrum' to have a bump on the skin (from mosquito bite or other cause).
    ~:W

    ttlm 1 N pendant, suspended object.

    -Chiefly in

    for dishes. """' <; ~'W 1U'tJ ~ ttlu'namkhtn' icebox, refrigerator.


    0

    Iii

    2(J7

    'U

    -+Also
    q,A

    Iii U'.J'W.
    'U

    .., "'

    <:

    llii'W'W61
    <:

    tennid', tennis' N tennis. [f. Eng.] 2. to be chock-full.

    lii'WHH'.J ttlu'nfraphaj' N eleg. a safe.


    'U ..,

    -Syn.

    llii:W tern' V 1. to be full, filled.

    lill'11'1'l com.
    .., 'U ...

    3. to reach the limit. sV 4. in a filling amount, to a filling degree.


    0

    lil1 'll Hfiilf'.J ttlu'prajsanii' N (public) mailbox (for


    'U

    sending mail) .
    ..,
    'U

    d "' "' m11f'.J'Vl11'1:WI'l'Wllii:W thtichaajhaad'-miikhon'tem'~

    <:
    ., ..,
    0

    !ill f'.J'W ttlujen' N icebox, refrigerator.

    -+Also

    The beach is simply jammed (with people).


    llii:Wn 1, --:Wel tem'kam', tem'kammyy' 1. (in the
    0 "'

    171'\J 1Ll'IH .
    'U

    ; l!
    'U

    eJ;1 tOu' sJapha.a'

    N wardrobe, bureau,
    <:

    amount of) a handful. 2. with one's hand or hands full.


    0

    dresser.

    ;'1-'I'W~~IJ
    'U

    ttlu'nansY"Y' N bookcase.
    2.~bottom,

    llii:Wn 161

    tem'kamlan' as hard as possible, with

    ~~

    tuud' N :ulg. 1. anus. -+Syn.


    n'W com.,

    rear, rump.

    all one's might.

    'fl'J1n'l'Wn eleg.

    "' llii:Wlln
    "" ..,

    temkh:' in the highest degree, extremely,


    <:

    l'l:W
    'U

    tuum' V to be in bud. bloom."

    -+Dis t. 'U 1'\J "be in

    exceedingly. o 'Vl'J 'IJ 1 'J llii:Wlln hlwkhtiaw'temke' to be exceed-

    ~
    'U

    IJ n l'l :w ( ~ eJ n )
    'U

    do~gtuum'

    (do~g')

    N flower bud. 2.
    <:

    ingly hungry.
    llil :WI'l S 1'\J temkhra.ab' co 11 o q. to the fullest ex-

    lii:W tJ tuum' 1. imit. boom, as of a cannon.

    i mit. thump, bump, the sound of a heavy weight falling to the ground.
    ~
    I

    tent, to one's full satisfaction. Used of filling the stomach.


    l Pl:Wl Gl

    ll'l~ in 1:Wllii:J..Jll'l~

    ma.jtemten' idiom.,colloq.

    temcaj' V 1. to be willing. sV 2. willingly. willingness. ma.jtemcajl V to be reluctant, un-

    to have a screw loose, to be cracked, touched in the head, not all there.
    llii'W t~n'* V 1. to spring, jump. 2. (the heart) to
    <:

    l'l 'J 1 :W- -

    1~ l M :w1 Gl
    willing.

    beat, throb.
    l>ll;'W

    llil :W 1'1 'J ~

    temduan' V to be full (of the moon).


    "'

    cajt~n'

    V 1. to be excited, to have one's

    o 'W S:::; f>l 'W 'fl S b Iii :W 1'1 'H is full.


    <:

    phnican'temduan' the moon

    heart pounding. sV 2. with pounding heart.

    ~'W l ;'W t)rynt~n'


    .,
    .,
    siastic .

    V to be excited, thrilled, enthu-

    ll?l:Wiil 'J

    temtua' 1. all over the body, from head

    to toe. 2. full length (e.g. a full length photograph of someone).


    <;

    ll?l'W S ::::'Uo1 t~nrabam' V to dance (as a solo or

    group performance).

    llii:W'Yl'W temthon' V 1. to be unable to bear (it)

    llii'W s"1 t~nram'

    .,

    to dance (ballroom dancing).

    any longer. sV 2. extremely, exceedingly, unbearably, to the limit of one's endurance . l ~:Wll temthiil V 1. to be awful, terrible. sV 2. very, quite, awfully, extremely, hopelessly, badly.
    <;

    -+Co mp. 'l'lel'W f1.

    .,

    l 'W61 ~ llii'W So1

    ( l 'W61 ~)

    phleentenram' (phleen')

    N dance music. o

    L~ ~

    l ;'W s"1 ( L~

    ~ ) roon 1 t~nram 1

    (roon')

    llii:W'fl

    temthti' fully, to the fullest extent, to the

    dance pavilion, dance hall, ballroom.

    full, to the utmost, extremely. o


    'l <: d ~lilllii:W'fl

    161 1'1 l ;'W


    o

    16odten' V 1. to jump up and down (with

    too'temthti' full size, full grown. tempradaa' extremely.

    delight). 2. to jump about, hop.

    l m:w'll s:::; ii11

    n s : : 1~ ~ 161 ~ l ; 'W kradood'l6odt~n' v

    to hop

    bPl:W'l.l1n

    tempaag' idiom. freely, without qualms,

    and skip about (merrily, as children do).

    without restraint (of speaking).


    bPl:WLb'l.JS:::;

    ~ ~ l ;'W wtnt~n'

    V 1. to run and hop about (as

    tempd;?l to be very full, filled to the

    children). 2. co 11 o q. to run around busily,


    <:

    limit.
    ...

    scurry around (as when trying to obtain support for one's purpose, or when organizing things) .
    .v

    llii:W1'llWH.I

    tem'pajdOaj::: to be full of, filled with.

    l m:w!leJ

    temmyy' to fill the hand, fill the hands;

    rr

    Q..l

    n1

    rr

    llii'W'fl

    ( '\!!61 ~, llii'W'Yl)

    ten'*(lcln'. ten') N tent. [f. Eng.]

    to be covering the hands, all over one's hands,

    208

    "' tJ'W 1 !il b A "' d-Jd-J "' eJ laugb:m' miikhanaad'o 6l n'LHJ6Hl d-J'
    <u

    .-

    b A1 ~ 171

    ( b A1 , el'W)

    tawrtid' (taw', ?an')

    N an

    tem'myy' the ball is of a size to fill one's hand.

    iron (for pressing clothing). b A1 eJ'U


    ~

    taw?ob' N 1. oven. 2. kiln. taw' (tua') N turtle, tortoise.

    o t:J:W'W::: ~ 1'W b~:w:Wvrm cJ'W pMmna.?t naan'-tem:::


    1

    b A 1 (A 'J)

    myy'thugwan' ~ As for me, my hands are full with work every day.

    bA1flS::: tawkra?' N hawksbill, a kind of spotted sea turtle. b A1 A'W taw'tanu?/ N a large green sea turtle.
    9

    "' d-Jd-J "' eJ boa :") o m 11.1 bA 1.1 'J saajltemmyy'-chiaw~


    There's sand all over (your) hands!

    '

    Its eggs are called bbd-Jfl ~ b A1 ( rl'J)

    1~'l::;6J:;

    b:W!ii. N ladybug.

    "' "' "' bA:Wbd-JVlbA:W'Vi'W'Jt.J temmed'temnilajl V 1. to be


    full, complete. sV 2. fully, to the utmost.

    maleentaw' (tua')

    bA 1 ta.w' N 1. breast. C 2. elf. for a breast. bA1'Wd-J (bf11) breast.


    ~n

    "' b111d-Jbb~ ~ temreen' with full force, with all one's


    might.
    I

    ta.wnom'(ta.w')

    N (woman's)

    <;

    1:w bAd-J ma.jtem' 1. not to be full, to be unfilled. 2. short for the entries below.

    bA1

    (fl'W)

    lOugta.w' (khon')

    N (one's own)

    children (i.e. related by blood).


    +

    1~b~:Wb~~

    ma.jtemten' idiom.,colloq. to

    bA1

    (6lfl) t~w' (lOugl) N dice. [f.Chin.]


    J''U

    have a screw loose, to be cracked, touched in the head, not all there. o

    b A 1 bSl t.J 'J

    ta.wctaw' N bean paste, miso, a salty

    condiment made of soy beans. [f. Chin.] bf11'Vi ta.whOu' N beancake,beancurd. [f.Chin.]
    b f1
    ~
    'U

    1~ b ~:W1J 1't1
    idem.

    ma.jtembaad' idiom., colloq.

    in

    fl1H~~ khaant~n'*V colloq. 1. tobe

    ..,

    '

    b 111 ~ tree' V to wander, stroll about. b111 ~ 1.1 d-J triam' V to prepare, make ready.

    left unfinished, to be held up (until another time). 2. to be left in the lurch. b ~'U t88b' V 1. to grow, grow big. sV 2. lavishly, plentiful! y. o 1

    J''W b A~ti:W

    cha.ntriam' preelementary level (of

    education).

    111~::: bA~t.J:W tra?triam' V to prepare, make ready.


    bi11St.Jd-Jrl'J triamtua' V to prepare oneself, to get ready.

    J b~1J

    chajt88b' to use lavishly, extravagantly.

    b ~1JLA t88btoo' V to grow, grow up, develop, mature. o fl 'J 1d-J b 'l
    fl 'J 1 d-J- - growth, development.

    "" 1.1 J..l'l'l Hld-J triamphr5:Jm' V to be prepared, on bAS


    the alert, ready for action. ness, readiness. bAeJ ~ fi t88rakii' pN Turkey. [f. Eng. as the word is pronounced]. -See 'Vi'W l "thick."

    Sbl! b ~1JLA khwaamcar88n't~8btoo'

    n 1 S - - prepared-

    the progress and growth, the development. b ~1J1 'Vi~ t88b'jajl V 1. to grow up. 2. to be grown-up. :WEJ b~1J myyt88b' V 1. to have a lavish hand. sV 2. with a lavish hand, lavishly, liberally. b ~d-J t88m' V to add on, add to, fill. o

    bAEJ:; t8?1 rM intensifier used with

    bA::: te? 1 V 1. to kick (usually with a sharp blow, using any part of the foot other than the sole). 2. slang to tip, give a tip (e.g. to a waiter). -Dist. 1.
    'U

    b~:Wfloll'W~el1'J'1~
    I

    t88m'kham 1 -najch5nwa.an'

    fill in the blank space (as on an application). b ~:WA eJ t88m'6:J' V to supplement, add. ' bYh.1 b ~d-J ph~8mt88m' V 1. to add, add to. 2. to be added, added on to.
    ~

    D1J.-Syn. 2.D1J.

    bl11:::'ld-Jfl te?'camilug' V colloq. (an odor) to strike the nose. bA1 ( b Al) taw' (taw') 3. portable brazier. N 1. stove. 2. furnace. -.Syn. 3.
    J'

    b At.J tta 1 V to be short, low (in height). "short (in length)." -.Ant. 5i ~.
    'U

    -Dis t. 6l'W

    el~Lfl.
    b~t.J ~

    !::

    '

    b A1W 1 tawphin' N fireplace. bf1 l bt:J 1


    tawph~w'

    ( b ~t.J ~) tian' (tian')

    N bedstead; bed, cot.

    N 1. furnace. 2. kiln. 3.

    b~ti1'WD'W (b~!'J~) tiann:J:Jn'(tian') N bed.


    b ~ t.J'W

    l.[J

    incinerator. bf1 11 '1"1 tawfajl N stove (for cooking).

    tian' V to be clean (tidy), cleared. in

    b~Ll'W

    ~b&ltJ'W tl?tianl V tocriticize, reprove,

    209
    express disapproval of.
    b Iii tJ :W See
    Jt

    Lblil n

    excepting.
    b ~ lJ

    l'l 'J :W b Iii tJ :W

    "

    Jt

    bL~

    sia'te::: but, only (introducing an adverse

    b ~ el'W tyan' V to warn, remind, advise, hint to. ;In b ~ el'W tagtyan' V to advise, caution, admonish.
    Ulil
    <9>

    reservation, restriction).

    'rl1 nuIii' haaglte::: but, only.


    bL!il 11
    0

    tee', tee:::, te:::, ta::: Cj 1. but. Pp 2. only,


    nothing but. AA 3. only.
    b fl tJ bblil eJ 1'W b HH n 1 n 'l1tJ 'J 'l1'W'W
    '' d d d
    J.,

    tel, te:::, ta::: Pp from, since.

    ~ 1 b 171:WLbl'l

    ..
    '

    '

    camd~~m-'tee:::

    since, since the time (of).

    1 Lblil1m fl tJ 'tJ
    ' '

    Iii~ Lbl'l

    :!:;

    t~utte:::

    from (such and such a time or

    kh~~jte?aant1au'- kaanthtaw'thtin~n 1 -

    tee:::

    starting point), since.


    Lbl'l n eJ'W tek~onl, tak~on-' in the past, in former

    m~jkh~~j'paj'! I have only read about going

    there, but I've never gone.


    '

    lil1:lHllil,

    n-- (1) taam'tce:::,

    c;

    k~taamltf:e:::;

    (2)

    times, previously. "' Lblil bV1 techaaw' early in the morning.


    '
    bbl'l b ~:w teed~~m' from the beginning, from the first,

    taam'tf:e' L k~taam'tf:e'! 1. as, according to what, in accordance with what, whatever; it depends on what. 2. It's up to (him)! Let him! Let it go! Never mind! That depends! -see cross reference.
    Ulil ( bl~)
    ' .. :!:;

    formerly.
    Lb l'llil 'W tht6n' from the beginning. LbWI'W'W:W 1 teenan-'maa' from then on. LLl'l LL S n teerteg-' at first, from the beginning.
    r.., Lb~ 'd'W

    '"'
    '

    ':!::

    n S ::;'!J'W teekrananl, teethYIJ'krananl but


    ththaw~a'

    tewan' early, before the usual time, before

    nevertheless, but even so.

    the appointed time.

    ' ' Ulil'l1'd 1


    I

    but.

    bb~ oJ'W "1

    Ulii'\JS::;01S1171 teeprakaan'daj' whatsoever, at all,

    tewan'wan-' ahead of time, before the .., appointed time. -+Also 'd'W "1 .

    of any kind, in any way.


    Ulil t:J b 171 tJ 'J teephOudiaw' all alone, all by oneself,
    'U
    IV "'

    .., 'W'U bL!il nab-'tE:e::: starting from, since.

    :W 1 bbl'l maatE:e:::
    I

    from, since.

    solely.
    bblil b'\'W ~ tE:ephiau' nothing but, only, just. U!ils(l'\'H teelamphau' alone, by oneself. Lblil 'd 1 teew~a' but.
    I "'

    Lb Iii m in

    Lb l'l f1::; tela:::, tala:::* each and every (one

    of), every single (followed by a elf.).

    '

    ..,

    ' 'W o Lb Iii' f1 ::; '111

    tdath~n'

    each and every one of you,

    Lb~ eJ ~ 1 ~ 1171
    bYitJ

    thjaaudaj' in any way whatsoever,

    each and every one of them. ' o Lb Iii iil ::; 'tJ S::; b'l1 A telaprath~ed' every single country. o o

    of any kind whatsoever, at all.

    Lb~fil::;l) tdapiil (in) each year.

    ~ bblil phiaute::: only, merely.


    muate::: to be busy with, to spend too much

    1~ b ;'WLb~fil::; oJ'W m~jwen'tdawan'


    day in and day out .

    idiom.

    ii''d bb!il
    ..,
    o
    LL:WLblil

    every single day, without missing a single day,

    time (doing). '

    mtetee:::, mtete::: even, even including.


    not even

    bbliln teeg' V 1. to break (of itself), burst, split.

    2.

    1~ . U~LL~~eJtJ m~j::: ... mtetten:'i:Jjl

    to be broken into pieces, smashed, shattered. 3. to have a break, cut, split (in the skin). -Dist.
    ..,

    a little bit, not in the least. -See 'W eJ tJ


    fl 'd'WU!il h1an'te::: nothing but, all, completely. LLfl 'J LL!il leew'tf:e::: (the choice) depends on, is up

    'rln.

    o 'tJ 1 nbbl'l n paagtteg' V to have a cut on the lip, a split lip.


    'trU 1~uliln

    to, depends on whether. o

    U;'dbb~flb~
    'V

    leew'tE:ekhun'! It's up to you!

    I 9

    khob'm~jthg'

    can't solve (it); can't

    o bLfl'JLL!ileU ltewtee'si! It's up to (him)(I don't care).


    I I

    be solved, unsolvable. Cf. Eng. "it can't be cracked."

    'd 1 bllil w~a'tee:::

    V 1. to speak about (a person,

    1~ Ulil n

    cajthg' V 1. to be self-indulgent and

    matter previously mentioned). 2. to criticize (someone).


    b 'd'WU!il ,lJ n-- wm'te:::, j6gwen'tee:::

    unrestrained, spoiled. 2. to develop a passion for (e.g. gambling) .


    .,l

    except,

    Lb!iln n ~ teeg'kllJ' V to branch out.

    210
    Ulilflbb'tJ'W-:)
    teg.lkhan~eu.t

    V to branch out.

    phOn.l)
    bblil-:j 1:w

    N cucumber.
    'II

    Ulilfl !il, 1'\.l tE:egchilan.t V 1. to scatter, disperse.

    ( 1'U, 61 n , e.J 61)

    teeumoo.t (baj.l, Hlug.t, pMn.t)

    2. to be scattered, dispersed, fragmented.

    watermelon.
    bblil-:j tu.t* V 1. to fix up, beautify. 2. to ornament,

    sV 3. thoroughly, explicitly, in every detail.

    Lllilfl~'U tE:eg.ldab.t V 1. toberuined. 2. toperish.


    I

    decorate, adorn. 3. to compose (e.g. verse).


    n 1 ~-I

    Ulilfl !ill-:) teegtaau.t V to differ, be different. Fl 'J 1 :W- -

    writing, composition. Fl'W--

    composer,

    difference.

    author, writer.
    lilnbblil-:)

    Ulll n1'U teg.lbaj.l V (a plant) to put forth leaf-

    togtu.t V to decorate, beautify. NOTE. is sometimes confused with


    lil'UbbliJ-:j "to

    buds, leaves.

    lilnLbliJ-:j
    I

    Uliln'LI~ teeg.lplii.l V (a plant) to put forth its


    spadix or flower cluster, (the panicle) to break through its spathe.
    I

    marry off, arrange a marriage." See below.


    lil'Ubblil ~ tobtf::g.l V 1. to decorate, embellish.

    2.

    to marry off, arrange a marriage.


    bblil-:jflltJ tf::gkaaj.l V eleg. todress. fl1S--

    Ulilf1'1'lH tE:eg.lf:Jou.t V to foam, become foamy,

    break into foam.

    dress (i.e. mode of dress); the wearing of apparel.


    bfl
    I

    "' o 'W.1611tJLLlilf1'1'lH namlaaj.l-tf:eg.lf:Jou.t idiom.,


    co 11 o q. to spout forth, talk volubly. -+Also
    'W~,'W--. 'II

    eJ

    -:j--

    clothes, clothing.

    bblil ~ ~ 1'\.l tuuaan.t V 1. to get married, be married.

    UlilflLLtJfl (rl'W) tegj~eg.l(kan.t)

    V 1. to break up

    2. to marry off. n 1 S-.., o lblil-:) -:j 1'\.lfl'U tE:uuaan.tka:::

    marrying, marriage. to marry, get married

    and separate (as a group of friends), to split up. 2. to break off a friendship. 3. to be split off, separated.

    to.
    bblil-:) lil-:) tut~u.t V 1. to set (up).
    1::

    2. to appoint,

    n1 ~ - -

    separation, dissociation;

    confer a title.
    q.,v
    I
    ~

    n 1 S-- appointing, appointment.

    (act of) breaking off a friendship.

    o l~ S'Ubblil-:j lil ~ d~jrab.ttE:ut~u.t to be appointed.


    LLM ~ lil'J tutua.t V to dress, get dressed, be dressed.
    bfl S eJ
    d
    ~

    "' Ulilfl S1 'J thgraaw.t V 1. to be cracked. 2. to


    split up, be divided, disunited.
    Ulilf18lil1-:)Fl tE:eg.tsatau.t V to make small change .

    -- clothing, wearing apparel.

    .-

    LbM nJ s:::
    I

    1tJ Fl

    tf:u.tprajoog.t V to compose sentences.


    '-'

    o 'tJeJLblilf18!il1-:jFJ kh3otf:eg.tsatau.t to ask for (some) change.


    Lblil n 8 611 tJ teeg.t salaaj.l V to go to pieces, be

    bblil-:j b'W 61 -:j tE:uphleeu.t V to write a song.

    'W n--

    song writer.
    '"" tE::gmia.l V co 11 o q. to take a wife. Lblil-:j b:WtJ
    bblil-:j~'\.!1 teun~a.t
    I

    ruined.

    V to make up (the face).

    bbliln~n teeg.th8.g.t V 1. to be broken. 2. to be


    critical, decisive, resolute. sV 3. decisively. o
    'tJ'Wbblilfl~n kh~n.l-tf:eg.thag.t

    'tJ H bblil-:j pru:g.ltf::g.t V 1. to prepare, combine, com-

    '

    pound, concoct. 2. to touch up, dress up, decorate.

    1::

    ..,

    the stage when the

    bblil~

    tE:ed.l N com., vulg. clitoris.


    (

    final issue is decided.


    5~ Lllilfl tMutf:eg.l V slang

    bblil'W

    til 'J )

    ..,

    teen .I (tua.t) N hornet. C sually lil 'J- - .


    V 1. to daub, smear, anoint. N 2. (a)

    to be broke (have no

    bblil:W

    t~em.t

    money).
    rl1( ) Uliln tham.t( ... )tf:eg.t to break, smash

    daub, smear. C 3. point, score (in game or contest).


    'l'Wbblil:W
    cont~em.t

    (something).
    tJ 1-:) bblil n jaauteg.l v

    V to be checked, blocked, cor-

    to have a flat (tire), a blow-

    nered, brought to an impasse.


    b ~'Wbblil:W dddnt~em/ co 11 o q. to maneuver, make

    out.

    "'

    ~'J bb lil n hi1ateg.t V to have a cut on the head (on


    the scalp).
    bblil-:) teeu.t N class term for cucumbers and melons.

    a tactical move (in politics, chess).


    ~ 1 bblil :W h~at~em.t

    "'

    "'

    V 1. idiom. to commit a faux

    pas, make a foolish or embarrassing mistake. N 2. faux pas, foolish or embarrassing mistake.

    [f. Chin.]
    bblil ~ n 'J 1 ( 1'U , 61 n , l:l 61 ) teeukwaa.t (baj.l, Hlug.t,
    'II

    bblil S ( el'W) tree.t (?an/)

    N horn, trumpet, bugle.

    211

    6llil ~ '.l ~ ( 'J ~)

    tn:f:wou' (wou')

    N brass band.

    Ulil:::; tf:?/ V to touch . .... 66!il::::!il~H tf:?t~u' V to touch (with the hand), to handle.
    I

    eJ ~ 6'Yl1 661il:::; ( A, 'IJ 1 ~ )


    'U

    TJ::J{)tha.awtf:? I (kht1u',

    kh~au 1 )

    N slippers. --+S y n.

    11il

    too' V to be big, large, mature. "' .... -+Ant. 66ln,'WeJtJ.

    1'Vi~.

    Lii!n1a tookl?oo' pN Tokyo. [prob. f. Eng.] -See 11ild1u'.l. 11il bTlt:J'J tookiaw' pN Tokyo. [prob. f. Japanese] -+See 11ilnla. "' 11il:::: ( til'J) t6?1 (tua') N table, desk. [f. Chin.] "' 6 ~ 'W 11il:::; dddnt6? I V to serve, wait on a table. A'W- - waiter, waitress. 1;:::: dit:J'W'VitJ~~eJ ( til'J) t6?1khiannaus)Ty' (tua')
    N writing table, desk.

    AtJ11il
    9

    khujtoo' V colloq. to boast, talk big.


    "'

    6~'U11il t~dbtool V to grow, grow up, develop,


    mature.
    J'

    1li1:::: 6A~ a~ m.J ~ (til'J )


    mirror).

    ....

    t6? 1 kh~aup~f:D' (tua') N

    -+Syn.

    6~'U1 'Vi~.

    dressing table, vanity (table), dresser (with

    11il'IJ'W too'kh~n/ V to grow up, get big, get bigger. 11il 6TI1 toolth~w:::: to be as big as. 'Vi~11 '\!1~1 "lLii! n~ajajlcajtoo' V to be lavish (in
    entertaining friends).

    ;1't.l1;:::: (W'W)
    'U

    pMapuut6?/ (ph)Tyn') N tablecloth,

    lunch cloth.

    ~'J:w1;::::

    rt1amt6?/ V 1. to join someone at the

    1'Vi~ 11il

    jajtoo' V 1. to be big, large, immense,

    table. 2. to eat together .

    enormous, huge. 2. to be high (in position), great, important. sV 3. in a big way, on a large scale, immensely. A 'J 1 :Whugeness, greatness. o

    11il

    ....

    t~ajl* sV com. 1. under, underneath, below.


    2. south, southern, to the south, to the south of.

    immensity,

    -Opp.

    6'WWeJ.

    --+Syn. 2.

    rln~l:ll.

    lit.,eleg.

    -+The literary a:nd the common terms for the eight chief points of the compass are listed under

    6-ih 1~ 6iJ'W 1li1 penjajlpentoo' co 11 o q. 1. to


    be a big shot; to be important, of high position.
    1::1

    TIA.

    2. to have supremacy.

    'IJ 'J 1 !i1

    ....

    kht1at~ajl N 1. south pole (of a magnet).

    1;

    <9J

    t(}ol

    V 1. to counter. s V 2. back, back and

    2. geog. theSouthPole.

    forth.

    TIIil 6 i'W1;

    ~1;

    tii't6o' V 1. to retaliate, counterattack. 2.

    to hit back and forth (as in playing tennis).

    khlid's@nt~ajl to underline, underscore. li1:::; i''Wiiln b~t:J ~ 1; tawantog'chiaut~ajl the southwest. li1:::: i''WeJ an 6 ~t:J ~ 1; tawan?:,::Jg'chiaut~ajl the southeast.

    1;1il 8'\.J ( rl'W)

    t6ot:'J::Jb'(kan') V 1. to answer back

    and forth, perform some action back and forth (of conversing, exchanging letters, engaging in musical or poetic dialogue, retaliating back and forth, etc.). sV 2. back and forth.

    1;~'W t~ajdin' underground, subterranean. o vn n1;~'W pht1agt~ajdin' N underground organization.

    1; 6 nu ~ t6othiau 1
    1;66;~
    o ; contradict.

    1;b!'W t~ajthun'
    9

    N 1. the space (open or closed)

    1. to argue, dispute, quarrel.

    under aThai house. 2. basement, cellar.

    2. to contest (a point). t6oj8U' V 1. to argue, dispute. 2. to

    1;6;1 t~ajthaawl

    P eleg. defer. sp. to

    sup.

    you; your excellency.

    eJ 1;u;~

    (;eJ) kh~b't6oj tf:u' (khe,::J')

    1;~1'W~::::'\J1'11 t~ajfaa'phrabaad'
    N point (sp. to high-ranking royalty).

    P roy. you

    of dispute, argument.

    1;6l:W

    tdajlom 1 downwind, leeward, on the leeward

    1;; ~ tl'lo 1 rt1u'


    9

    1. colloq. to stay up all night.

    side. -Ant.

    b'ViofleJ6l:W.
    N south. N the south, the southern part

    2. until dawn.

    1;1 1~ t6o'waathiil
    for

    V 1. debate. N 2. short

    TIA1; thfdtdajl LTn;1; pagt~aV

    n 1 ~-- debate.

    (of the country). N hacking


    Jl1 A1; pMagtdajl N the south, the southern part

    1;

    lJin

    :iJA1; (66l:W)

    m1:idt6o'(l@ml)

    knife.

    (of the country).

    212
    Jll ~

    1; phaajt~aj /
    (llil, ;1

    under underneath.

    See Til 'l


    A'W b ~'\..! bi'W'\..l ( A'W)

    1;~'\..l '
    llil
    <9.l

    tAajfUn/* N typhoon. [f. Chin., perhaps via Eng.]

    khonda<m/than(')n/ (khon/)

    pedestrians.

    ~)

    taV (taj/, kMa:g/)

    N 1. kidney.

    bi'\..l'\..l'VI'\..!'111 'l

    ( ~ 1 f'J)

    than(')n/Mnthaa:g/ (saaj/)

    2. wen.
    llil liD taj/ N Tai, used in names of northern Ti:l.i

    e 1 a b. co 11 o q. roads or streets in general.


    bi'W'W'VIiil 'J 'l ( ~ 1 ~)

    than(')n/lua:g/ (sAaj/)

    N 1. public

    groups.

    -Comp.

    lrw.

    road, public highway. pN 2. Luang Road, a street in Bangkok.


    '11 J 'l bi'W'\..l th:S:J:g/than(')n/ N the road area, the middle

    l~

    taV V 1. to crawl, creep (of insects, small creatures). 2. to climb (trees, mountains). 4Dist. 1. Aiill'W, l~J~.

    "'

    of the road, the road proper (i.e. exclusive of shoulders, edges).

    l~.1~-I <>

    ( el'W) tajkhuu/, majtajkhuu/ (?an/)

    N the symbol

    "'

    in the Thai writing system.

    tJ 1n bi'W'W ( Ll'VI'l) paag/than(')n/ (hf::g/) N entrance


    to a road, street.
    ~:J..J ~:J..J)

    llillf'W::; taj/dla?/ V to climb quickly, scamper

    up.

    bi'W'\..l

    ( Lb 'VI 'l ,

    mum/than(')n/ (hf::g/, mum/)

    l~ bil:J..J dtjtMam/ V to inquire, make inquiries. l~~'J'W tajsuan/ V to inquire into, investigate. l; (~ 'J ~) t~aV* (dua:g/) N torch.
    Jt. "' 'iJ llil khtitAaV

    N street corner.

    ~:J..J bi'\..l'W rim/than(')n/ N roadside.


    ~

    'VI:J..J 1 n 611 'l bi'\..l'\..l

    ( Iii 'J ) mAa/klaa:gthan(')n/ (tua/)

    1.

    N punk, a composition of resin

    stray dog. 2. slang derelict (person).

    and rotten wood used as tinder.


    b;1l;l;1l'l'l

    vh bi'W'W
    V e lab.

    (. bb'VI'l) hUathan(')n/ (hf::g/)

    N the beginning

    khAwt~aj/kh~wfaj/

    of a street.
    bi'\..leJ:J..J than:S:Jm/ V to cherish, conserve, use sparingly. '11:::'\..lbi'\..leJ:J..J than(i?/than:S:Jm/ V 1. elab. to care

    co 11 o q. to be getting dark, be twilight.

    ~tH llil ( ~ 'J ~) phliphO:gt~aV (dua:g/)

    <>I

    ...

    N shooting

    star.
    llil~ traj/ Nm eleg. three. -Chiefly in compounds.
    ~

    for, to cherish. 2. to treat with affection or great care.


    ~

    '

    -+Variant spelling of li1


    llil; in

    ~~

    bi'W~

    thanad/ V 1. to be handy, skillful, dexterous, adroit, good at. 2. to be easy, convenient, natural (as opposed to awkward, clumsy). 3. to be clear, unobstructed. sV 4. clearly, considerably, quite, to a large extent.

    1lil;lil~J~
    "'

    trajtn:J:g/ V eleg. to consider,


    lil~liiSJ~,

    think (it) over, think carefully. -+Also


    lil~nliiSl'l.

    l;'VI1'W Uljw.[n/ pN Taiwan (formerly called For-

    mosa). [f. Chin.]

    lill:J..Jbi'W~ .,_,

    taam/thanad/ according to one's ability.

    bi'W ~ 'iJ 'J 1 thanad/khwAa/ V to be righthanded.

    bi~~"dlf'J thanad/saaj/ V to be lefthanded.

    ~~ bi~~ phld/thanad' V to be all wrong, way off,


    wide of the mark.
    bi
    th~:J/

    HIGH consonant. Pronounced th initially,

    "' .,_, b'VI'W bi'W~


    1 'VI~
    I

    h~n/thanad/

    V to see clearly.

    d finally. The sound th as an initial high consonant is also very rarely spelled with ~ .
    bin thog/ V to discuss. bin b ~tl 'l thogthla:g/ V to argue, discuss. bin liD thog/ V to roll up (sleeves), hike up, pull up

    bi~~
    ~

    jaj/thanad/ V to be very big, quite large. jaa:gthanad/thanii/ elab. colloq.

    d eJf'Jl~bi'\..l~bi'W

    evidently, obviously, clearly, distinctly.


    bi:J..J th(')m/ V 1. to fill up, fill in.

    N 2. the niello

    process.
    bi:W l

    b A~ J ~-- niello ware.

    (skirt, trousers). -+Syn.

    bi!iln.

    tJ th(')m/paj, th(')mpaj/ to be abundant, plenty,

    bin b'iJ :J..J s thog/kham~en/ V to hike one's clothing

    lots. o ~ bi:J..J 1 tJ miith(')m/paj there is plenty, there is

    up above the knee.


    bi'W'W ( ~ 1 ~) than5n/ (saaj/)

    N street, road.

    -s y n.

    a lot.

    213
    <V

    TI'tHU.J thabth6m' V 1. to pile up.

    2. idiom. to

    2. elf. for cups as measures of volume.

    ..,

    criticize, defame.
    b1:W thorn' V to spit, spit out.
    I

    o n

    1Lb'V16ieJ~ b1'W

    kaafee's5;)tJthOaj/ two cups of

    --s y n.

    ~t!

    coffee.
    o

    b1:W'll1fl1t! thom'namlaaj/ V to spit.

    ~'Jt!6il~1'u
    tainers).

    thOaj/s5;)tJbaV two cups (as con-

    b1ij~li~ tham)TtJ'thytJ' V 1. tolooksullen, sulky,


    very cross, forbidding. sV 2. sulkily, crossly.

    'l1'W s J ~ m tJ

    ( 1 '\J)

    caan'r;);)nthOaj/ (baj/) N

    ml n thalog' V 1. to skin, strip off. 2. to roll up


    (sleeves), hike up, pull up (skirt, trousers). --Syn. 2.
    fin.

    saucer.

    ~1 tJ bb;1 (l '\J) thOajk~ew'


    drinking), tumbler.

    (baj/) N glass (for

    [lflmrw~ thalog'nau'

    to skin (e.g. an animal).

    ~1 tJ ti 1 :W ~1 mf1ti1
    fl'l1t!

    ( 1 '\J , ti ~) q

    thOajchaam' (baj/, ch6d') N

    flfl'W thalon' V (the eyes) to protrude, bulge, pop. flfl :w thalom' V to collapse, cave in, tumble down. [lfl eJ n thal:,;)g' V 1. to be scraped, have an abrasion.

    the dishes, dishware.


    ( 1'lJ)

    thOajnamchaa' {baj/)

    N teacup.

    thawi:i.aj/ V roy., sac. to give, offer, present. thawi:i.ajlbatJkhom' V roy. to salute --Syn. 1'VI; com. thawi:i.aj/phraph;)::m' V 1. roy. to

    2. to be scraped off, scratched off.


    <V

    m 1t!D'~ A:W

    flfl 'W thalan' V to dash forward, rush in, rush up to. flfl1 thalaa' V 1. to slip and reel, to reel, stagger

    (the king).
    m1t!'WS::;'WS

    (as under a heavy blow, or from a strong push). 2. to skid and move sideways (as a car out of control). 3. to dash forward.
    b1fl"1 thalami V 1. to fall, stagger forward head

    wish well, offer a blessing. 2. the opening word of an address used by a priest when speaking to royalty. 3. yes.
    [ld1t!'WS::;b'W~~ thawi:i.aj/phraphlaan' V roy. to

    down. 2. to make a slip, a false step, a wrong move. 3. to trespass.

    cremate (in a royal funeral).


    'W eJ:W bn fl1 "1m 1 tJ
    n:bmkl~awlthawi:i.aj/

    v roy. to

    "" ~ thalyu' V to stare (sternly). Chiefly in the b1iil


    combination shown below.
    [leJ

    give, offer, present (of big things) (to the king).


    ( el'W)

    th~;)l (?an') N 1. pole (for punting a boat).

    [I~~ lil 1 thalY"n'taa' V to stare (someone) down,


    give a stern look (showing disapproval).
    [I~~

    V 2. to pole (a boat). 3. colloq. to make a special effort (e.g. in order to take a trip, go somewhere).
    flel ~ flel ~

    thaluu' V 1. to smelt. 2. to hit hard (in boxing). 3. co 11 o q. to spend (money) right and left, use (money) up lavishly.

    th5;)tJ' V to poke, nudge, jab with the elbow.


    I

    in

    flel ~ bbl'l th~tJthte'* sV thoroughly, carefully,

    m~

    thuau' V 1. to hang down by weight, be weighted down. 2. to weight down. 3. to cause to sink. 4. to retard, slow down, act as a drag upon.
    Fl11 :W-- gravity, gravitation. b1J ~

    distinctly, clearly.
    th~;)d'

    V 1. to remove, take off (as an article

    of clothing). 2. to dismantle, disassemble. 3. to dismiss, fire (from a position or rank).


    [I J ~

    b11 ~ b 1 fl1 thuauweelaa' V 1. to stall for time.

    n fi'l J 'W tho;)dkb;)n' V to unbolt, unlatch (a


    b'1Jt!1
    Jt
    b1J~~

    2. to waste time.
    fi1'W tht'lan' V to be correct, complete (exact in

    door, window).
    [1J~

    th~;)dkhtaw'th~;)dtJaa'

    idiom.

    amount), in a round number, even.

    ..,

    (a person) to become gentle, subdued, peaceful, no longer vicious or cross: "to remove one's fangs and tusks."
    [I J ~
    V
    I

    Fl S'\J bld'W khr6btht'lan' V to be complete, full,

    entire, exact in amount.


    '-' d

    m 'W fl,

    d V [I [I d 'W

    tht'lanthli', thlithOan' v 1. to be

    ~ 1 :w in

    1 'VI:W b1eJ ~ ~11 :w majlth;);)dd~am' v

    accurate, thorough, careful, scrupulous. 2. colloq. to be stingy, penny-pinching, tight.

    idiom. to be brand-new.
    flel~

    flel'W tho;)dth5;)n' V to remove, dismiss (from

    iJ'U l~ ~'J'W mib'm~jtht'lan' ~1t! (1'\J) tht'laj/ (baj/) N

    countless, innumerable.
    1. cup, small bowl. C

    a position).

    b1J~bl'\J'\J

    tho;)dbeeb' V 1. to reproduce, duplicate,

    214 copy. 2. to resemble in every minute detail. 3. to pattern after.


    ~ti[J

    th:'>jl* V 1. to retreat, draw back. 2. to back, backup(e.g.acar).


    Tit!. n1:i--

    retreat.

    -+Dist.

    t:leJlill~'WJl1~1 . th~:Jd'penphaas&a:::: ... to


    translate into (such and such) language.

    ~tJ[Jno'li~
    ~

    th:'>jlkamlau' to be weakened. th:'>jl&u' V 1. to step back, back up.

    ~tllil ( ... ) l ~[) th:J:Jd'( ... )sia to take (something) off.


    ~tllil

    fiti[JV!6l

    sV 2. backward, backwards, back. 1. to take (somel1 tJ ~ tJ [J th5:Jth5jl V to lose courage, feel like
    Fl'l1J.J-- dis-

    ( .. ) tltln th:J:Jd'( ... )?~:Jgl

    thing) off, remove (something). 2. to remove, dismiss, relieve (from post or duty).
    fiti'W
    <9J

    withdrawing, be discouraged. couragement.


    611 fit![) fit![)

    th:'>:Jnl V 1. to pull up (e.g. a plant). 2. to

    l.1a'th3jl V to withdraw, draw back.

    pull out, extract (e.g. tooth, nail). 3. to withdraw, retract, revoke.


    ~W lil

    th:Jjl* V to be low, base, bad, wicked, vile.


    Fl'W--

    low person; (persons who are) riffraff,

    fiti'W th:J:Jdth:'>:m' V to remove, dismiss (from

    trash, scum.

    a position).

    ;1[J~tJ[J,1;~tJ[J ?~jth:JVl
    (You) riffraff!
    fit![)

    derog. epithet.

    "' ~tl'Wrl'W'Wo'l~'W th~bn'khanmfmman' to release the


    accelerator (of a car).
    ~ti'W1'l th5:Jncajl V to sigh, heave a sigh.
    ~

    th:ljl* N eleg. word(s). tions. with -Syn.


    Flo'l

    -+Chiefly in combina-

    Flo'l com. NOTE. Oftencoupled

    fiti'Wiil 'l th5:Jntual V to withdraw (from), pull

    as in the 1st and 3rd entries, and


    Fl 'l 1 J.J , as in the 2nd

    (oneself) out (of). blel'W 1 'tJ eJ'l.lqj11il th5:Jn 1 - bajl?am1j~adl V to revoke q a license.
    fiti'W'I'I t1 ~ th:'>:Jnf5:JU 1 if'lil

    sometimes coupled with and 6th entries.

    ~tJ[Jif'lilFIO'l
    'lJ.J

    chadth:ljlcMdkham' clearly, distinctly,

    "'

    V to withdraw a (legal)

    articulately.
    ~eJ[JFJ'd

    charge, withdraw (one's case).

    th:ljkhwaam' N lawsuit.
    'd 1J.J
    ~

    -See also

    fiti'W~'W th5:Jnfan' V to pull a tooth.


    fieJ'W~1nfitJ'WLFI'W th~bndag'th:'>:Jnkhoon' V 1. to
    uproot, pull out by the roots. 2. to destroy, extirpate.
    Q..l

    V!J.Jtl
    v

    ~tir.JV!J.Jt!Fl

    below.

    ~eJrJFI01

    th:ljkham' N words, wording, expressions.


    (~:::'U'U,Fln)
    ~

    fitlrJUfi6l~

    "'

    th:ljlthaleeu' (chabab',

    khrau')
    A'

    N (official) statement, communique.


    Q..J ....

    fiB'l.l61J.Jti th3:Jn'sam::S:J' V to lift anchor. fiti'WGi'l[JtJ'd

    fi t1 rJ l1 fit! [J tl 1 ArJ n'W

    tMjlthii' ~tMjl?aasajl- kan

    th:'>:Jn'saajbua' V colloq.,idiom.

    V 1. to be mutually dependent on one another, be interdependent. 2. to reciprocate.


    V!J.J tJ fit! rJ V!J.J tJ Fl 'l1 J.J ( fl'W)

    to curtsy.
    l 'Wn ~eJ'W ph~agtho:Jnl V to revoke, annul, retract,

    m::S:Jth:lj 'm:'>:Jkhwaaml -Also

    withdraw, cancel.
    J' :i tJ
    ~tl'W

    (khon')
    VlJ.JtiFI'J'lJ.J
    ,_.
    ~n

    N e 1 a b. colloq. lawyer. colloq.

    ryyth::S:Jnl V to tear out (an installation),

    tear down (a house, building).


    fieJ'W l!:i th5:Jn' AA getting, beginning to get.

    thag' V to knit, braid, plait, crochet.


    tJJ.J iln l t]r;

    -Syn.

    pMm'thagpia' N pigtail hairdo. jebpag'thagr5:Jjl

    tr'n
    o

    l!:i.

    l ~'UlJn iln :i tlr.J

    1. to do needle-

    ~ti'W~'W q

    th:'>:JnchUn' (he's) beginning to get

    work. N 2. needlework.

    angry, getting provoked. o tf'n~ti'W~'W cMgth5:Jn'cMn' idem.


    9

    5~

    <9J

    1'U)

    tM:u' (bajl)

    N 1. bucket, pail, tub,

    barrel, tank. C 2. unit of capacity equivalent to 20 liters; (loosely) a bucketful, barrelful, etc.
    A'd 5~

    ~eJJ.J

    th:Jm'* V 1. to humble, abase (oneself). 2. to be humble.


    ~

    ( A'l)
    (1'U)

    tuatM:u' (tua')

    N chassis, body

    ~tld-.Jiil'd

    thomtua' V 1. to humble, abase oneself.

    (of car, bicycle, etc.).

    2. to be humble, unassuming, unpretentious, modest. -Ant.

    ii~'IJ[J::;

    tM:ukhaja? 1 (bajl)

    N garbage can,

    ~eJA'd.

    garbage pail.

    215

    5Hblil n
    <V

    tMuthg'
    ( &!~)
    -

    v s 1 an g to be broke.
    N fuel tank, o --Also

    not come. :Maybe (I, he, etc.) won't come.

    I;Hlt1J.J'W

    tMunamman' {tMu')

    ~1 'l::; ~ 11lJ th~acawaa'pajl

    one might say, one

    gasoline tank.

    "' 5~'USa~'W'1if'W eleg.


    N trash can {for

    could say, so to speak, as a matter of fact.


    b11 Q 'd tJ

    5~ t:J ~
    s bl5~
    bl~
    Q..l

    ( 1'U)

    tMupMu' {bajl)

    tMachi:iajl Cj if, if by chance.


    if, if.

    litter); wastepaper basket, can.

    "' "' b11 bb:W thaame' but


    b11'Vi1n ( 'd 1)
    I

    (Fl'W )
    'IJ
    Jt
    &!~
    <V

    r6dtMu' (khan')

    N m i 1 it. tank.

    '

    tMaba.ag'{waa:::) if, supposing that,

    l;J

    in

    khtithau' V to be all that is bad (of

    in the event that.


    1;

    people).
    ~

    b11 eltl 1-:j'\J'\J thaajaaunan' in that case, in that event,

    bi[i) thad' V 1. to scoot along on the bottom (the

    if that is so, if that is the case.


    b11 n thaag' V to cut (with diagonal or almost hori-

    buttocks). 2. to be next to, next after. sV 3. next, next to.


    bl[1)'l1n'W'W thad'caagnan' next to that. 5[1) 1LJ tMdpajl next (in a series).
    ~

    zontal motion), chip off lengthwise (as with an


    '

    1;

    axe).
    b11 n bl1 ~ thaagthaau'

    1. co 11 o q. to rub it in.

    bi'W than' N eleg. breast.


    ~

    ---Syn. 'WJ.J com.

    2. to criticize sarcastically, satirize.


    1:11 ~ thaau' V to clear (a forest), to cut away {grass,

    m thila' V colloq. to find the average. ---Syn.


    bQ6HJ eleg .
    .1_,

    weeds). N 1. bean, pea V 2.


    bbt:J 'd bl1 ~ ph~w'thaau' V to clear the way (by re-

    1:11

    ( b:J..J[i), ~n)

    ..

    thua' (med', fag')

    (med' for the seed; fag' for the pod).

    moving weeds, obstacles).


    in a 1-:j b11 HH

    "' colloq. tobeofpoorquality. lii'W-the bean plant; the pea plant .


    .1_,

    "' (lii'W)

    "'

    hagraau'tMauphou'

    elab.

    co 11 o q. 1. to clear land. 2. to clear a path (e.g. through the jungle).


    bl1
    ~

    lil1 bid taathua' V co 11 o q. to be unable to see

    or find things even though one has good eyes.

    thaau' "JV to part, separate, spread apart.

    ~~ HJn
    .1_,
    ~

    ( lii'W)
    ..,

    thuau~:Jg' (t~n 1 )

    N bean sprouts.

    1:11.:j lil1 thaautaa' V to prop one's eyelids open,

    m f.! n tJ 1 1 ( f.! n ) thuafagjaaw' (fag') N long"' "' podded cowpea. lii'W-- ( lii'W) long-podded
    cowpea plant .
    d mtJ!.i~
    .1_,

    force one's eyes to stay open (as when sleepy).


    b11 [1) b11'W
    (

    1'U )
    I

    thaad' (bajl)
    "'

    N tray.

    ('11eJ'W,61'1,neJ'W) thaan' (tM:Jn', lam',k!bn')

    ( b:W[1)) thuajtist>u' (med') N eleg.,lit.


    ...

    ..

    peanut.
    .1_,
    ~

    Iii 'W - -

    ( Iii 'W )

    "'

    N charcoal (th!bn', lam' for charcoal in stick form;


    D1'W1'1'1
    k~:Jn'

    the peanut plant. --See

    for a chunk).

    alsc bid 61 !.i ~ ,

    a colloquial variant. N sugar pea, the sugar pea

    (;eJ'W) thaanfajl

    (k~:Jn')

    N ember .

    m 61'\J b lil1
    plant.

    ( ~ n) thualantaw' (fag') lii'W-( lii'W)

    o D1'W1'1'lbn'1 thaanfajkilw' N colloq. former lover, old flame.


    D1 'W 1 '1'1 Q 1 tJ ( ~ eJ'W,;eJ'W)
    d blileJ~.

    edible podded pea.


    L
    ~

    thaan'fajcMajl

    (th~:Jn',

    m 61 !.i

    ( bJ.J[i)) thualist>u' (med') N co 11 o q.


    -->Var.of bldtJ!.i-1
    ..

    k~:Jn')

    N dry cell, battery (for flashlight).


    bb'Uiil

    peanut.

    eleg.,lit. N

    -->Comp.

    m
    ~

    ,!_,

    Cj

    b'Vi61
    L

    eH ( b:J.J [1) , ~ n )
    lll'W-(~n)
    ~

    ~"r'

    thualyau' (mect', fag') the soybean plant.

    D1'W1;( (;eJ'W) thaanmaajl

    {k~:Jn')

    N charcoal

    soybean.
    f.lnl:l'd

    ( lii'W)

    obtained from wood.


    I
    ~

    ._,

    Htgthila' (fag')

    N bean pod.

    1:11'\J'Vi'W ( neJ'W) thaanhin'

    (k~:Jn')

    N coal.

    thaa' V 1. to swoop, move rapidly and with force.


    .}'

    b eJ 1 bi1'W ?awthaan' co 11 o q. to be industrious. b11 :W thaam' V 1. to ask (a question). 2. to ask,

    2. to lunge . (airplane) to take off.

    b11 'IJ 'W 'l 1 n thaa 'kh?ndtag::; m

    inquire of (a person).
    q_..

    -Dis t .
    v
    ~

    .J'n.

    tMa' Cj if.
    "'. 1;

    ---syn.

    'Vi1n.

    ns::;'l1b11J.J
    ~

    ('IJeJ, bSeJ.:j,nS::;'YJ) krathuu'thaam'

    m n a ::;'\J'W th.iakranan' if so, in such a case. 1:11 'l::; th.iaca::;

    {kh~:JI,

    r?au'. khathuu')

    N question posed in a

    AA might, (it) could be, maybe.


    (I, he, etc.) might

    legislative body (parliamentary practice).


    r/1 b11 :W ( 'IJ eJ , F1'1 b11 J.J) khamtMaml (kh~:JI, kham::;

    ~1'l::;1~J.J1 tMa'cam~jmaal~

    "'

    216
    th<lam')
    d

    N question.
    0

    tures.
    ~

    -+Syn. 1:11tJJl1'1'1tJ'WiilS tha.aj( ...


    )?~:::>g'

    eleg. V 1. to excrete

    o lf'IHH'V!:J.J1tJFl11:11:J.J (El'W) khrJa:nmAaj'kham:::: th<lam' (?an') the question mark .


    .J'n [ll:J.J sagth<lam' v 1. to interrogate, question.

    1:11tJ ( .. ) eJJn

    (something). 2. to drain off (something).

    ..,

    1:11tJ~~~1J:::

    thaaj?udcaara?/ V eleg. to evacuate


    . '1J

    cross-examine. 2. to inquire into.

    '1J J--

    fecal matter, have a bowel movement, defecate. -Also


    Jl1'W
    ~~~1S:::

    question (esp. in an official interrogation).

    -Syn.

    C9J

    com.,vulg.

    1M 1:11:J.J

    tajtMam' V to inquire, make inquiries.

    ~ 1 tJ
    I

    ( 1'U,

    ~LJ, Jl1'W)
    ~

    pMabthaaj' (baj', rilub', ---Syn.

    r11 :J.J 1 ~ tMamtha.j' V co 11 o q. to inquire, ask,


    question.
    ~61

    ph~ab')

    N eleg. photograph, picture. com. jaathaajl (khani!!.an')

    sLJmtJ

    'II

    Dl:J.J thuunth<lam' V roy. to ask, inquire.

    tJ11:11tJ

    ('IJ'W1'W)

    N purgative,

    l~tJ'W[ll:J.J rianth<lam' V eleg.def. to ask,


    inquire.
    61J'U[l1:J.J s~:::>btMam' V 1. to inquire into. 2. to
    S L1
    ~

    laxative.

    ~ 1 tJ
    baj')

    (S L1 ,
    ~

    lb~ 'W , 1'U )

    rilubthaaj' ( rilub', phen', -+Syn.

    N com. photograph, picture. eleg.

    question (somebody) (as in an investigation).

    Jl1'W1:11tJ mtJ
    lJ

    ~'U m:w syYbtMam' V to inquire into, make


    inquiries.
    D1tJ
    0J

    thaaj' C side.

    -+Chiefly in the following

    combination.

    thaaj' V 1. to let flow, evacuate, drain off.

    n1 tJ l A tJ 'l tha.ajdiaw' one- sided.


    1:11 'l S thi!!.aw:::>:::>n' V e 1 e g. to be permanent, enduring,

    2. to excrete, secrete. 3. to transfer (e.g. goods from one conveyance to another).


    I

    lasting.

    Fl 'J 1 :J.J-(

    permanency, enduringness. tMaw:::>:::>n'wadthu?l (jaa:g',

    [11tJ'I1J~ thaajth~bd'

    V 1. to relay. 2. to trans-

    m 'J s ':!lil 1:1


    9

    eJ~ 1 i, ~ ~)

    mit, hand down (e.g. to the next generation).

    sl:g')
    ..,

    N e 1 e g. permanent, enduring object (as

    m tJ

    l '11 thaajthee' V 1. to provide a change of

    a building, a monument).
    J liJJ'W 1 1:11 J

    air or water, provide a through current (e.g. in order to keep air or water fresh). 2. to change a situation (by some trick or stratagem in order to evade unpleasantness).
    nltJU'U'U thaajbteb' V to copy, make a copy (of).
    I
    ~

    wadthanaa'thi!!.aw:::>:Jn/

    e 1 e g. 1. to

    progress, advance 'everlastingly; to progress

    ..,
    1:11

    .., ' ( no1,lb'V!~)

    and be enduring. 2. to be everlasting.


    th~m' (th~m', ht:g')
    ~

    N com. cave,

    ..,

    tunnel.

    -Syn. f'I'V!1

    eleg. N 1. slide viewer.

    D1tJL161611'l::: thaajpads<lawa?l V eleg. to pas:;

    1:11:J.JJi
    J
    J

    ( 15'1.!)

    th~mm:::>:J:g' (?an')

    urine, urinate.
    1:11tJJl1'1'1
    I

    -Syn. ltltl'l
    I

    com.,vulg.
    1:11.!

    2. kaleidoscope.
    ( 1:11.!, lb'V!~)
    I

    thaajph~ab'
    ~

    V eleg. to take pictures,


    ~

    thln' (thln', ht:g')

    N 1. place, location,

    to photograph.
    n1 tJJl1'1'1tJ'Wiil S
    I

    -s y n. m tJ s L1

    com. V e 1 e g. to

    locality, domain, domicile. C 2. place, area, section.


    l
    ~

    tha.ajlph~abphajon'

    take moving pictures.

    -s y n. m tJ 'V!'W ~
    0
    I

    ..,

    com.

    1 '1J Eli t;l'W


    J

    .J

    ( f'I'W. 'W d n)

    c~wkh3:J:gthln'

    (khon', ph1lag')

    m tJ sL1
    ~

    thaajrilub' v
    1
    ~

    m. to take pictures, to eleg.


    ~

    N natives, local inhabitants.


    J ~'V!:J.J'W1:l'WbbFl6i'W

    photograph. -+Syn.
    V V

    1:11tJJl1'1'1
    OV

    duumln'thlnkhleen' V elab.

    o n 61 eJ ~ m tJ sLJ ( n 61 J ~., J'W) kl~:n'thaajr1lub'


    (kl~tJ'
    I I
    ~

    co 11 o q. to look down upon someone because of his lower status.


    .J
    I

    ?an')

    N com. camera. N
    I

    o '111 ~ mtJ sLJ ( f'I'W) cMa:gthaajrilub' (khon') com. photographer. -+Syn.


    'lf1~Jl1'1'1

    1:11.!: 11.!
    .., .J

    ( bb'V!i) thlntMan' (ht:g')

    N 1. place. 2.

    eleg.

    place of residence .
    '11! i D'W
    ( bl'V!~) th:S:J:gthln' (ht:g')
    J

    1:11 tJ l ~ eJ ~ thaajl~ad' V to transfuse blood, have

    area, district,

    a blood transfusion. n 1 J - I "'

    blood transfusion.

    locality.
    (L.I

    q_.

    m tJ 'l '111 thaajlwichaa' V to teach, to pass (one's)

    o S: 'U 161 '11 J ~ 1:11.! nidthabaan'th5:J:gthln' N local government.

    knowledge on, transmit knowledge.

    ~1tJ'V!'J1'~

    thaajn<l:g 1 V com. to take moving pic-

    '1'161~ ~'W

    phL<idthin' V to be displaced from (one's)

    217
    native land, exiled; to be outside of, removed from (its) natural habitat. o talk about.
    f.l'W "' bl~ conth1u::::: up until, as far as, to the point of. til fHll'l ~ ~

    '\JAF161'Y161'l'I~'W
    q

    bugkhon'phladthln' refugee,

    tal:,odlth1u:::::

    1. including. 2. up to and

    displaced person.

    including. 3. all the way to.


    I.!J.
    "'

    ~ thH' Pt emphatic particle. Variant form of~


    d

    bl ~ n

    ,~!, s ::; 'W1!,'W , "' bl ~ n ::: 'W 'W

    th1ukranan1, th1ukanan' even

    bl thli'

    V 1. to be close (in sucession), be repeated


    dd "'

    so, nevertheless, in spite of that.

    in quick succession. 2. to be of high frequency.


    til

    ~-:lfl'\J thY1:Jka::::: so (e.g. sick) that; so as, to the


    point that, until.
    0

    s::; VI'W bib VI'Wtl 'J tranlilthliniaw' V e lab. e leg.


    to be stingy, parsimonious. com.

    -s y n.

    'tJ bVI'W tJ 'J

    J(

    "'

    b f.l'\J bl~n'\J61n q
    fT'

    "' "'

    11.,' :W'tJ'W
    I ld

    ceb'-th1ukalug'm~jkh1n'

    to

    be so sick that one can't get up.


    ll'!i

    blbi'J'W thlithOanl V 1. to be accurate, thorough,

    d"'

    b1~ n 1 Hl! in S b m1:wn~n 1 Hl! 'll


    someone is up to.

    'lJ'

    fT'

    ruutMw'm~jth1ukaan'

    careful, scrupulous. 2. co 11 o q. to be stingy, penny- pinching, tight.

    to be blind to a situation, be unable to see what

    ~'\J thlibl V 1. to kick, give a forceful shove with


    the foot. 2. to kick, recoil (as a gun). 3. to

    "'

    b1 ~ n 1VI'Wl'l thY1:J'kamnod' to reach the appointed


    0

    time, deadline, limit; it is time (e.g. to go to bed).

    rise (as a kite). 4. s 1 a ng to tip, give a tip (e.g.toawaiter). -Dist. 1. btil:::. --+Sy n.

    ~~Lbnn:~s:w th1u'kh:kam' eleg. topassaway,


    die.
    dl
    I

    -+Syn. See

    li11tl com.

    2, 4.

    J{

    b til:::.

    bl HbFl'W thY1:Jkhte'nii' colloq. to this extent, up

    ~'\J~fl:ltll'W thlib'cagkajaanl, cagkrajaanl

    to

    to this point.

    pedal a bicycle, ride a bicycle.

    "' bl ~ bl:::
    o

    th1uca:::::

    AA co 11 o q. so, then, as a con-+Syn.

    ~'U!il'J thlibtua' V colloq. to improve one's


    character, status, etc.

    sequence.
    q

    ~~bl:::

    eleg.

    ADI.;EI~1LJ b'tl1~~bl:::1LJ khunt~upaV-kMwth1u:::::


    capajll You must go so he will go.
    ( . ) bl::;

    ~b1~'\J (fl'W) r6dthlib' (khan') N colloq. bicy~

    cle.

    --+Syn. :lb1f.ln:ltJ1'W

    eleg.

    ~~

    n...
    V V

    thYlJ( ... )ca::::: ... - k~::::: ... l

    "" bH thY1:J' V 1. to reach, get to. sV 2. to, up to


    (esp. with verbs of motion). 3. of, about, concerning (esp. with verbs of talking, thinking, etc.). 4. if it comes to the point that. AA 5. colloq. so, then, as a consequence; see example under if. --+Syn. 5. o

    co 11 o q. even though. See example. o bl.;j f.1::: bn 1 n1'l.i1l'l thY1:Jcakaw-k~cMjd~aVl Even though it is old, it can be used.
    D.;jlf.l thY1:Jcajl V colloq. 1. to gratify, satisfy,
    d I

    '<:'

    hit the spot (for someone). sV 2. to the utmost, in the highest degree, extremely, satisfyingly, pleasingly. o
    "' l'l "" b f.J bl ~ 'lb bl phedlth1ucajl extremely hot (peppery),

    ~~ bl:::. Cj 6. even though, even


    ~~ eleg.
    conkwaa'-cathY1:J'roou:::::

    'i'WW;lbl:::~~Ln d't~'W

    rian' until (they) reach school. o

    satisfyingly hot, i.e. hot in just the way one likes.

    b~'W'I'l1~1LJ~~ b'i1t~~1vt~
    far as Chiengmai.

    d88nthaau'-pajthY1:J':::::

    ~~~~

    thY1:J's?tJ:::::

    V lit. to reach, arrive at.

    chiaumajl to travel to Chiangmai, travel as


    I
    ~

    "' bl.;jlill th1utaal V colloq. to reach (one's) turn


    (to do something).
    ""

    o 61 'J'WLrl't~'W'W 'l.l1 'J 1rw1:w'Y1::: 'J ~ bl~ suantMod'nant .....


    chaawthajlm~jphawou'thyu'l

    .:$

    b).;j'fl thY1:Jthtil V colloq. to be doomed to die.

    As for the (re-

    -+Short for

    ...

    bi~'Yltil1l'.l

    th1u'thtitaajl.

    sulting) harm, Thai people don't think about it.


    n s::; 'Yl'\J ~ ~ krath6b'thyu:::::

    ~~'ViS"'EJ:W th1uphr5om' to meet or have all (requirements), attain (completeness).

    1. to touch on. 2. to

    concern, affect.
    I

    D~'Yirn[i~~h thyuphrfg'th1ukhiu'
    to talk about.

    elab. colloq.

    dl

    n 611 ') bl ~ klaaw'thY1:J:::::

    1. to be really hot, peppery, spicy (of food).

    Arl~~ khfdthyu'. khfdthY1:J::::: to think of, miss.


    "" ~l'.ln'W b1~
    ~

    2. to be racy, piquant (of conversation). Eltl 1 ~- hotly, heatedly (of arguing, debating).

    b HH khujlkanthY1:Jryau' to chat about,

    t:!l

    fH b'WtJ ~'W thY!Jphia:u/niil' to this extent, up to this level.

    ~)I

    n ~:::; btJ 1 bleJ

    e~

    ( 1 'U)

    krap<lwthyy1 (baj/)

    N handbag,

    ..blU.JeJ "' thY!Jmyy/


    ., I

    pocketbook.
    1. to reach, get to. 2. to get

    "' eJ "' ::j'lJ:l-J bleJ bl'lJ'W


    ~

    cabmyy/th)Tykheen/ v

    e 1 a b. c 0 110 q.

    into the hands of. o lll n ~ ~ iJ eJ tog/thY!Jmyy/ to come to the hand of, come into the possession of.

    1. to hold hands.

    2. to hold by the arm.

    b~eJ~eJ ch~athyY/
    F1 'J 1 :l-J- "'

    V to believe (in), have faith (in).

    trust, faith . 2. it is

    ~~ lb:l-J ( 'J 1) thY!Jmte/(w~a/) although, even though.


    ..

    bleJn'W 'J 1 th)Ty/kanw.a/ 1. it is held that.

    bl~ b 'J ~

    thY!Jween/ V 1. to reach (one s) turn (to

    customary that. -see also ~eJ 'J 1

    below.

    do something). 2. to be time for (a given) shift (of duty, work).

    ~eJn'1 b'V!'Wiil

    thyY-/kamnaad/ V to be born, orginated,

    initiated, produced.

    ~~ lvr'W thY!JnaV to where, up to where; to what


    extent.

    ~eJLot.IFl~eJ611'1

    thyY"ch6og/thyY-laa:u/ V elab. colloq. -Also

    to be superstitious. thY!Jjaa:uraj/ however; anyhow.

    ~eJ 611 ~ co 11 o q.

    ~~ eJ~ 1 ~ 1 ~
    I "'

    ~eJ ~ th)Tydii/ V 1. to be proud, haughty, arrogant,


    self-assertive. 2. to dare, i.e. have the nerve (to do such and such). -Syn. ~. eJ'Jiil~.

    'U'W bl~ (1,2) bOn/thY!J::; (2) bOnthY!J/ 1. to complain

    about. 2. co 11 o q. to talk about, mention often.

    ltJ~~ pajthY!J/, paj/thY!J::, pajthY!J:: 1. to arrive;


    to reach, to arrive at or in. 2. to, at, in. NOTE. Implies motion away from a contextually suggested point of reference; cf. :l-J 1 ~'I . o

    ~eJLll'J thyYtua/ V to be proud of oneself, have a


    high opinion of oneself, hold oneself aloof.
    ~

    Fl'J1:l-J-'II

    pride.

    -Ant. bleJ:l-Jlll'J.

    ~eJIJ'W th)Typuun/ 1. to mortar (e.g. bricks). 2. to


    plaster.

    1m~'W;1L.J~~

    thoorasab/pajthY!J:: to telephone

    (someone), call (someone) up.


    :l-J 1 ~'I maathY!J/, maa/th"Yu::, maathy:u:: 1. to

    ~eJ~'J 'th)Typhlw/ V to practice racial discrimination.

    n 1 ~- -

    racial discrimination.

    arrive; to arrive at or in, reach. 2. to, at, in. NOTE. Implies motion towards a contextually suggested point of reference; cf.
    l:J.Jbl'l m.jthY!J/ V 1. not to reach.

    fJeJ'W'J 'l:l-J 1it1

    thyY/phua:umaalaj/ V to steer, be at

    the wheel, i.e. have hold of the steering wheel.


    "'

    1tJ ~ ~ .
    sV 2. can't

    rw d 1 th)Ty/w.a:: to hold (the belief) that, believe


    that, consider that, take (it to mean) that, claim that.

    I"'

    (because it's beyond reach). o 'V!tJ'U1:J.Jbl'l jlb/m.jthY!J/ can't get it, can't take it up (because it's beyond reach).
    'V!:l-J1tJ "' bl~ maaj/thY!J:: to mean, have the meaning
    A I"'

    b'lJ1~eJ'J1 b'lJ1 bn'l

    khawthyY-/-w.akhaw/ke:u/~

    He considers himself clever. He believes that he is smart.


    ~eJA1~'W1

    of, imply, refer to.


    eJ 1 ~ ~~ b eJtJ fH
    I "'

    th)Ty/saasan<la/ V to profess a religion;

    ?.a:u/thY!J:: to quote, to refer to. ?aajthY!J/, ?aaj/thY!J:: to mention, speak

    to hold the beliefs of a religion.

    ~ eJ A 61 thyYs lin/ V to observe religious precepts.


    [\ eJ ~ 'J 'W

    of, talk about.

    thyY-suan/ V to rent an orchard, rent a lot

    ~eJ th)Ty/ V 1. to hold, carry (in the hands). 2. to


    hold, uphold, profess a belief; to believe. 3. to hold (it) against (someone). 4. to regard, consider (in such and such a way). 5. to hold to a taboo (usually one relating to women's lower garments). NOTE. In mng. 5 the taboo is rather mild, and not universal. For example, a man may refuse to go under a line that holds or has held women's lower garments. In this use there is often no expressed object of

    to make an orchard.

    fJeJ~ 1 th)Tys<la/ V to mind (something said or done),


    take offense. o 1:J.J bleJ ~ 1 offense.
    fJeJ 1eJ n 1 f'l U'U'tleJ
    I ..

    m.jth)Tys<la/ V not to mind, take no

    th)ly/?ookaad/

    to take the opportunity.

    mibth)Ty/ V 1. to respect, revere; to look

    up to, have respect for. 2. to profess, believe in (a religion). -Syn.


    bl'l
    bF11~'W

    eleg.

    ~ eJ

    '

    ( 1'U)

    thti:u/ (baj/)

    N bag, sack, pouch.

    219
    F1 &1 :J.J 1:11 ti'W khlum/thtitJchon' V idiom. to marry 9 9 off (an individual, a couple) without the mates knowing or seeing each other beforehand.
    1:1 Hl1 ~ 1 t:J
    9

    A!ii~'Wb"l l~rm tadsincaj/m~jthuug' '\l


    up (his) mind, can't decide.

    can't make

    'l.Hln1~~n b:J~g'm~jthuug'
    hard to say, hard to tell.

    (I) can't say; (it's)

    (b.J) thu:u'takhaaj/ {ba.j/) N net


    '\l

    {in the form of a bag, as a butterfly net).


    ~ 1 6 '111

    1:1n m thuug' V 1. to touch, to come in contact with.

    ( ~ , 'tJ 11 )

    thtit]tMaw' (khO.u', kM.a:u')

    2. to hit (as a target).

    socks, stockings, hose. ' .., ~ 1 ~ eJ ( ~ , 'tJ 1 ~ ) thti:umyy' (khO.ul, kh~a:u') glove, gloves.

    ff( 1;) ~n b ;'W


    N

    cti'-Mjthuug's@n',

    cti'-thuug's~n'

    fig., co 11 o q. to hit the right spot, touch the right chord (for successfully evoking a desired response).
    ~n

    ~ 1 ~ 1 ( m'W) pM.athU.tJ' (ph)Tyn') N a sarong-like


    lower garment worn by women. __.Com p.

    ( ... ) 6'tJ 1 thuug'( ...

    )kh~w'

    to come in contact

    ~1~'W.
    !:l'W in
    9

    with, be exposed to (e.g. heat).

    b;!:l'W
    9

    t~ajthun'*

    N 1. the space (open or

    'II

    1:1n F1 D ( rl'W)

    thuugkh:J:J'(kan')

    co 11 o q. to get

    closed) under a Thai house. 2. basement, cellar.


    ~t:J

    along well (with one another) because of compatible tastes and interests.
    1:1n 1 bl thuugcajl V 1. to please; to be satisfactory,
    '\l

    {1) thtij/; (2) ! thtij/ V 1. to spit, spit out. E 2. i mit. sound uttered to spurn someone, to show contempt. __.Syn. 1.
    !:l:l-J.

    pleasing, appealing. 2. to be to one's liking, to one's taste. 3. to get along well (with), be compatible.
    'II

    '\l

    1:1 thuu' V to rub, scrub.

    __.Syn. 'V'lDbbl, tie:J'Ubbl.

    '~!il!:l khadthuu' V to burnish, furbish, polish up.

    1:1n t!:::: 1111 thuugchataa' (a person) to appeal to one

    ~ 11:1A'd ( ~'W) pM.athtiutua' (ph)Tyn') N wash '\l


    cloth.
    I ~

    "'

    '\l

    on first sight, strike one as just right, "click" with one, arouse a feeling of natural empathy

    61'U 1:1111 'J


    '\l'\l

    ( n e:J'W) sabuu'thtiutua' {k5::m')

    N toilet
    ~n

    with one.
    111 eJ 1 thuug't!:ltJ' V to touch, to come into con-

    soap.
    ~n
    (Q)

    thuug' V to be cheap, inexpensive, low (in price). _.Ant.


    66'\IH.
    'II

    tact with.

    -+See also under

    '\l

    r~n

    il.

    1:1n LS F1 thliugrllog' V co 11 o q. to agree (with

    ~ ~n

    duuthuug' V to insult, look down upon, show insult. -+Syn.


    d ~'Vl:J.J'W.

    one's system, as food).


    ~n 61

    contempt for. F11-'\l

    D111 b111 D~ rl'Vl'W 1

    dd

    thuugl5:Jdt~rti'thtinY1J'

    V to

    1:1n ~1 thuug'ca:u' to be dirt cheap.

    win first prize in a lottery.

    ..,

    s l Al
    r~n
    '\l

    ~n

    raakhaa'thuug' N 1. low price. V 2.

    'II

    1:1n 6 61'Wrl'W thliugs@n'kan

    to get along well (with

    to be cheap, inexpensive, low-priced.


    LJ
    '\l

    one another) because of compatibility in behavior, character and personality.

    thuug' V to be right, correct.

    _.Ant. ~Iii. -+See


    'II

    1:1n 111 eH thuugt5tJ' V to be right, correct.

    J 11:1n jitJthuug' V to shoot hitting {the target).


    'II

    also under

    ~n

    m.

    rm

    c.: thuug' v element used in making passive


    constructions. -+S y n.

    ~n ~ b ~ t:J 'J
    right.
    v

    thuug 1 thiidiaw'

    quite right, exactly

    L!ii'W

    .... D i st.

    1;;''U
    ~n

    e 1 eg. NOTE. Many passive constructions lack an expressed agent; 1st example. But if the agent is named it is placed immediately after 2nd example.
    0

    ~nbbSl'J
    I

    thuugltew' That's right!

    ~n 61 d 'W ' - tions.

    61Iii

    thuugsuan', thuug' suansad' v 1.

    to be proportional. 2. to be of the right propor-

    rr111 ~ !:ln no1 ~Iii 6bSl"'d


    'II 'II 'II

    sadtruu'thuugkamcad' -ltew'!

    ~!il!:ln phld'thuug' to be right or wrong.


    ,'II

    The enemy has been eliminated. o 1nm

    l:J.J 1:1n m~jthuug' V 1. not to be right, to be incor'\l

    d1 on'W 6 ~t:Jb6;'d

    wua'thuugsya'kin'-sia:::

    rect. sV 2. incorrectly, wrong. 3. can't; see examples.


    'II

    ltew'!* The cow has been eaten up by the tiger.


    1:1n ( ) rl!il thuug( ... )ka.d' to be bitten {by).

    220

    []n LnbU.'tl'fl'\!11 '.l

    []n 'tl~ n ~ ~ l
    []n

    ...~

    thuugkeen/thaM.an/ to be drafted.

    older people to acknowledge the respect paid


    by younger people.
    b11 L bleJ::; (1) ?awtha?/-.; (2) ?aw/tha?l 1. Okay,

    thuug/kh~:gkro:g/ -waV to be penned

    up in the cage.
    ~

    L~e.J thuugkhla/ slang to be transferred,


    removed, gotten out of the way.
    L bl1

    ... (e.g. I'll help you). All right. So be it. Let's agree on that. 2. Get it. Take it.
    ( Lbl1 )

    []n 'fl"11 mf thuugthamtMod/ to be punished, be

    thaw/

    (th~w/)

    N 1. stems of vines or

    penalized.
    ~

    creepers. 2. creeping plant, vine. C 3. set, assortment (of crockery and certain kitchen utensils which come in graduated sizes).
    Lbl1 )'~ eJ

    [ln'fl1~ 1 eJ

    thuugthamlaaj/ to be destroyed.

    []n'lJ ~ 1'U thuugpraab/ to be subdued, subjugated,


    'U

    conquered. subjugation.

    n 1 S-- being subdued, subjugated;

    "' b bl1) thawwan/ (t~n/, thaw/) N Ol'W,


    I

    vines, climbers (in general).


    ..

    []n Lt:J1l'l'll'lJ thUug/pMwfaj/-paj/ V to be burned


    'U

    bYl eJ n b bl1

    ( b'Vl~ 1 ' 611 eJ)

    th9agth~w/

    (law/,

    s~aj/)

    .[lnJl1Firlml thuugpMagthan/ eleg. to be on pro~

    up by fire.

    N lineage, line of descent.


    l;b bl1

    ( ;'W)

    maajthaw/

    (t~n/)

    N creeper, vine,

    bation, be put on probation.


    []n ~
    ~

    liana.
    Lbl1
    0J

    mJ'W thuugr6d/chon/ to be hit by a car.

    th~w/

    N ashes.

    []n ( )V!~eJn thllug( ... )l~;,g/ V 1. to be fooled,

    'tJ Lbl1

    :!1 "'

    khtith~w/

    N co 11 o q. ashes.

    tricked (by someone). 2. to be scared, frightened (e.g. by ghosts).


    ~

    L bl1 i1 See

    L1UJ 1 .

    Lbl1::;

    th~?/

    N (Year of the} Rabbit.

    --The complete

    []n'~n Fl::; U'W'W thuugMg/khaneen/ to take a deduction in one's score or grade, to lose points.

    list of the cyclical years is given under

    'Ll.

    L ~fil th~ad/, tha?/ Pt particle used to mark an ex-

    Lm, Lm::;

    ( S'lJ, eH F1)
    'U

    th~en/, th~era?/

    (rilub/, ?o:g/)

    hortation or a command. NOTE. The spelling pronunciation is


    th~ad/,

    N senior monk, i.e. one who has been in the priesthood ten or more years.
    L []~ in L [1611 []~

    but the usual pronuncia-

    tion is tha?/. This latter pronunciation is sometimes introduced in writing as


    b bl eJ::; , q. v.

    thal~e/thalaV V colloq. 1. to

    dilly-dally, dawdle,fritter away (time). 2. to procrastinate, put off to the last minute.
    L []~ ~ thal~a:g/ V e leg. to ascend (a throne), enter
    ~

    ~:W L~e.J L~fil lyym/sfatha?/ Forget it! Let's forget


    it.
    Ll1l ~~ (1) ?awthd?/-.; (2) ?aw/thd?l; (3) ?aw:=:

    upon (a new reign, a new era). --Syn. com.


    L [])::; tha?/, tha::=

    'ti'W

    thaad/ 1. Okay, ... (e.g. I'll help you). All right. So be it. Let's agree on that. 2. Get it. Take

    Pt particle used to mark an exI

    it. 3. a kind of tag (children's game).


    L rJEJ ~ thla:g/ V to argue, contradict, talk back to.
    'lJ
    I
    ~

    hortation or a command. NOTE. The spelling


    L [])::; is used to render the usual pronunciation,

    171elli1e.J171e.J L blEJ~

    6;,1;5;,/t~;,thla:g/

    V elab. colloq.

    which is tha?/, A more formal spelling is b ~fil, q.v.


    I

    to talk back; to argue back and forth, keep arguing.

    L; brlEJ ~
    cM:gtha?/l Never mind! Forget it! chaan/tha?/ l, chaan/tha::= Go ahead

    t6othla:g/ V 1. to argue, dispute, quarrel.

    'ti1~ L []]::;

    2. to contest (a point).
    bln L rlEJ ~ thogthla:g/ V 1. to argue. 2. to discuss.

    Who cares!

    d'lqj L blel::;
    please!

    ~ thla:g/ma.jkh9n/ to be unable to win the L"' blEJ ~ l:w'tl'W


    dispute, argument; can't argue (e.g. because one's

    o bVqj L []eJ::; Flbll. chaan/thakhun/ l idem.

    opponent is too clever, or has too high a position) .


    'fl:W L

    l'lJn'W b [JeJ::; paj/kantha?/ Let's go!


    LJj'W L ~ eJ Lblel::; maan/ s fatha? /

    Not a chance!

    LQel thya/

    nu 'l

    thOmthla:g/ V to argue, quarrel.


    V to cut with a knife, using a seesaw

    Never!

    motion, to hack away (at something, e.g. as with phrase used by a dull knife).

    lV!;'\'1~::; b []eJ::; w~ajphra?/tha?/

    221 b mrw thyan' N 1. wild, desolate forest. V 2. to


    be savage, wild. 3. to be illegal, unauthorized,
    I

    .,}

    khnitJ')
    bb !;161

    N (official) statement, communique.

    ~ n 1 ~ b\1. ( Q't)'\J) thaleenkaan' (chaba.b') N

    bootleg. -sometimes coupled with 'lJ 1


    .,} I

    "forest"

    official announcement, pronouncement, bulletin,

    ..,

    which may at times be translated "wild."


    'tJ eJ ~ b bleJ'W
    ( e:Jtl 1 ~)

    communique. Um thew'*

    ~-OJ

    spokesman.

    kh::5Jt]thyan' (jaan')

    N smug-

    N 1. line, row. 2. section, district

    ...,
    '111

    gled goods, contraband, bootleg goods .

    (of a town, place). C 3. elf. for same.


    1, 3.
    ni.JLbt;l'J lil '\J , Lb 'W 'J , S ~ 'W 1 'J

    -ct.

    ~ b bleJ'W ( bVeJn) cManthyan' (ch?ag') N wild


    elephant.
    .,}

    .,}

    kinthew' colloq. 1. to do something

    'lJ 1 b t;lel'W paa'thyan' V to be barbaric, barbarous,


    savage, primitive, uncivilized. Fl'W-savage,

    right on down the line, going through an entire row or series. 2. to scoop the pool, sweep the board.
    b'tJ 1 Lb m

    barbarian; primitive, uncivilized people.


    e:Jtl 1 ~-'VI:JHJ b~eJ'W

    primitively, in an uncivilized manner.


    ( Fl'W)

    khttwthtw' V 1. to stand in line. 2. to

    m::5othyan' (khon')

    N quack,

    form a line, a queue.

    i.e., an unauthorized physician, doctor.


    I .,}

    b~'WLLm daanthew' V to walk in line, march in


    line.
    to Lbt;l'J'W'W

    'VItJ 1lil1 b t;lel'W huupaa'taathyan' V e lab. colloq.


    OJ

    to be ignorant of what is going on, of what is happening .

    thtwruin' 1. (in) that row. 2. (in) that

    ..,

    section (of town). 3. around that place, that area. N bootleg liquor.
    b1J'WLb m iil n Lb m
    'II

    .,}

    b'VI11 b t;lel'W

    l~wthyan'

    penthew' 1. in rows. 2. in large numbers.


    ( Fl 'W )

    bb t;l'\J theeb' N 1. region, part, section, zone. C 2.

    lOugtMw' (khon')

    N 1. men in the

    elf. for certain long, flat, narrow shapes or objects, e.g. stripes, strips of cloth, etc .

    lower ranks, the rank and file (in the police force, army). 2. person standing in line (other than at
    ~

    ..,

    U t;l'\J ~ el'W
    I

    ( bb bl'U ) thhbr5on' (thhb')

    N hot

    ..,
    N

    the head).
    ~

    -+Opp. 'VI'JUm ...,


    h~ntMw' (l~D' h~n')

    region, tropical zone.


    bbt;l'\JeJ'\J~'W

    'VIeJ ~ bb m

    ( 'VIiil ~ , 'VIeJ ~ )

    (Lbbl'U)

    thhb'?ob?un'(thhb')

    1. a row of identically-constructed rooms, apartments or shops


    {l~tJ').

    temperate zone.
    b1J'WLbt;l'\J

    2. one such room,

    '1 penthtebthteb' 1. in strips. 2. in

    apartment or shop (MD').

    some parts (out of many). 3. strip by strip, section by section, part by part.
    f.J 1 lb bl'U

    ~'JLbbl'l hi:iathew' N person at the head of the line.


    -+Opp.
    ~nLbm.

    ( ~'W)

    pMathhb' (phyY-n')

    N a strip of

    1 t;l

    ( 1'\J)

    thOo' (bajl)

    N a kind of covered jar with

    cloth used by women to wrap around the bosom (in place of all other upper garments). Lb m-1 the em' V 1. to add on (to) for good measure, e.g. as a bonus or lagniappe. sV 2. in addition, as lagniappe.
    Lb t;l:J-J'Wn 1 t;l~

    a wide mouth and narrow base.

    1t;lL~Lb~~
    jar.

    (L'U)

    tMo'sajpten' (bajl)

    N powder

    thOon' V to be spacious, roomy.

    .;eJ ~ 1

    t;l~

    ( .;eJ ~)

    MntMon' (Mn')

    N hall; large,

    themph6g' V 1. to give as lagniappe,

    spacious room.
    181 t;l~

    give something free to a customer with the purchase of something else. 2. to give a premium. lb flGH thaleen' V 1. to tell, give an account of. 2. to issue a statement, announce.
    Flo1--

    ?oothOon' V to be splendid, luxurious,

    magnificent.
    1 t;l:J-J thOom' V to jump on, pounce on . lunge forward

    declara-

    with force and abruptness.

    tion, statement, announcement, pronouncement.


    ~ OJ

    t;l

    ( A'W)

    tMjl (khan')

    N 1. plow. V 2. to plow.

    - - announcer.

    3. to push forward.
    ~ 1 'J l t;l daawth~jl N 1. Orion (the constellation).

    o LLmHFl'J1:J-JL'WL"l thaleen'khwaamnajcajl to reveal the secret(s) of one's heart.


    t;leJtiLLbliil~

    2. slang one given to sponging off oth2rs.

    to (Q'U'U,Fln) tMjthaleen' (chabab',


    ~

    1 t;l'W 1

    tMjnaal V to plow (the field).

    1~
    1~
    tha.j/ V to redeem, ransom. thaajl in colloq. speech. -Also pronounced

    222

    'Yll.J'H

    any longer. sV 2. extremely, exceedingly, unbearably, to the limit of one's endurance.


    'Yl'W'!11'W

    ~ 11 ~ kh~athajl N m :lJ 1 ~ thi!amthajl

    ransom, cost of redemption.


    v

    thonthaan' V to be enduring, lasting,

    to inquire, ask, question.

    durable.
    '!1'W 1'W

    1m'! , b 1:161-- thali!jl, thal~e'thalAjl V co 11 o q. 1.


    to dilly-dally, dawdle, fritter away (time). 2. to procrastinate, put off to the last minute.

    thonfajl V 1. to be fireproof, fire resistant,

    heat resistant. 2. to withstand fire, endure fire or heat.


    TI'W 1~1 Vld

    thon'm~jwa.j'

    V to be unable to stand

    (something).
    TI'W'Vf'll'W el:l..J'/J:Wn ~'W

    thon'-wi!an?om'khbmklyyn'

    idiom. to take the bitter along with the sweet .


    '!1 th:>:>' LOW consonant. Pronounced th initially,

    ...,

    "

    'W'leJI?I'W'l'Yl'W

    nam?od'mimthon' N elab. colloq.

    d finally. The sound th as an initial low consonant is also sometimes written with 1i , very rarely with 'Y1 or

    patience, endurance.
    bVf~ eJ TI'W lyathon', lya'thon' V to be unbearable,

    or lilJ. The initial combi-

    intolerable.
    eJI?I'Yl'W ?odthon' V to be tough, enduring, patient. TI'W TI'W

    nation '!1 ~ - is often, but not always, pronounced s, as in


    'YI~

    ll.J

    s~ab'.

    The same combination

    th6n' V 1. to overflow. 2. to rise (as of the tide).

    is also pronounced th:>:>ra::::, as in 'YIS:l..J1'W th:>:>:::: ramaan'. 'YibbnWl in


    mLnWH1'Vl1~

    1~
    o

    thonth6o' V co 11 o q. 1. to be obvious, clear, apparent. sV 2. obviously, clearly, apparently.

    (Fl'W) thakltcw'thaMan'

    bVl'WeJ~TI'WL~ 'U
    (

    Mn'juuthontMo' (it)isclearly

    (khon')
    'YII?I th6d'

    N soldier, brave warrior.


    TI'W 1 (J

    seen, is plain to see, is obvious.


    Fl'W)

    V 1. to raise to a higher level (as water

    thanaajl (khon')

    N 1. lawyer, attorney.

    by means of a dam). 2. to carry (a number,


    when adding).
    'Yll?lbb'!1'W th6dthccn' V 1. to repay, do in return.

    2. co 11 o q. one who represents another person in some action, hence, a representative.


    TI'W 1 (J A 'l 1:!-1
    ( Fl'W)

    thanaajkhwaam' (khon')

    2. to replace. sV 3. as a replacement, a substitute.

    lawyer, attorney, counselor; (Brit.) barrister, solicitor.

    " '!11?1'W'1 b'/J 1'W 1

    th6drul.am'kh~wnaa' to irrigate a

    TI'W
    9

    FS. See

    TI:o'W.
    9

    field (by flooding).


    '!11?1 a eJ ~ th6dr:>:>U' V to lay out money in advance,

    TILJ.

    Abbrev. for n eJ ~ 'Yi'l'lt.Jn "soldier."

    "army," and for '11Vf1

    ~LJn

    pay (for something) pending reimbursement.


    '!11?1610~

    TILJ

    th6b' V 1. to fold (in layers). C 2. fold, layer (of something folded in layers).
    1?1 eJ n b'U (J TILJ lll'W d:J:>gbta'th6bt6n' N finance
    ~

    th6db:>u' V toexperiment,test,tryout.

    n 1 ~ - - experiment, test, trial.


    o
    VfeJHII?I61eJ~ (VfeJ~) h~u 1 th6db:>u 1

    "

    (Mu')

    compound interest.
    TI'U '11 'l 'W th6bthuan' V 1. to go over, review.

    laboratory.
    '111?1 Ul'/J
    th6dl~eg'

    sV

    V 1. arith. to carry a number


    I

    2. back over, in review.


    'Yil.J~'W

    (in addition). 2. to figure (on scratch paper). o Gi:JJI?ITII?I bSI'/J ( bSI:lJ) samud'th6dl@eg' (l~m')

    th6bthun' V finance

    to add to the original

    fund or investment .
    TI'U'l ~

    N scratch pad.
    TI'W thon' V 1. to last, endure. 2. to bear, stand,

    thabuau' N 1. (government) bureau (on a par with a ministry). 2. o b s. a subministry (i.e. an administrative unit comprising several departments but subordinate to a ministry). C 3. elf. for a (government) bureau.

    tolerate, put up with. 3. to stand, withstand, resist (e.g. wear). 4. to be durable, lasting.
    A~

    '!1'W khou'thon' V to be resistant, durable.

    bM:l..JTI'W temthon 1 V 1. to be unable to bear (it)

    'Yl'U 'l

    ~n1~

    blJ eJ 1 thabuau'kaanmyau' N a political

    r~hrw
    bureau.
    r1 hrw thamoon'

    223
    d bASil~'YIH
    I

    'YI s ~
    (ilrl1~)

    C9)

    khrJausou'(jaau')

    N roy.

    1. large (of monkeys). N 2.

    garment, apparel, attire.

    co 11 o q. monkey, ape (not a specific term). -+Also

    rl s ~ n lil :W
    lar.

    souklom' N 1. e 1 e g. spherical shape.

    rl::: hrw

    FS. N (a) big mon-

    2. (as n. mod.) sphere- shaped, spherical, globu-

    fi ~ '11 h.i'W

    ( !il'd) liuthamoon' (tua')

    key. Often used as a simile to describe mischievous children.


    '11 rJ il rJ thaj::>::>j' V 1. to come or go in succession,

    ~ ~ '11 H
    cal.

    n lil :w

    ( .Un )

    kYu' souklom1

    (stig 1 )

    N 1.

    e 1 eg. hemisphere. 2. (as n. mod.) hemispheri-

    in successive groups, a part at a time, a few at a time. sV 2. a little at a time, a part at a time; in successive batches, bunches, etc. -+Also
    'Ylbbr!~

    ~ n '11 S ~ n lil :W

    ( ~n)

    lOug' souklom' (ltlug')

    sphere, spherical body.


    '11 S ~AS S Jl

    "'

    sou khan' V roy. to be enceinte, preg-+Syn. See


    il'l1il ~ .

    'Yl:::rlilrl

    FS.
    'Yl:::bbrl~

    nant. FS.
    '11'Vi1 ~

    thajeeu' V to be diagonal. -Also


    9

    'YI~ ~Arn'dliJ sou'-khunnawud'thi?' V eleg. to be 9 9


    qualified, competent, have (the necessary) qualifications.
    '11 S HAS il ~
    d

    b Gi'W'Ylbbrl ~ :W:W s~n'thajeeumum'

    N. diagonal line.

    '11 ~.

    Abbrev. for nil~ rl'W b ~ il

    "navy," and for

    b! il
    m~
    C9!

    "sailor." sou' (sou') V 1. eleg. to holdup,

    soukhrJau' V 1. roy. to be dressed

    ('YIH)

    in regalia, armor, etc.; to be decorated. 2. com. to be overdressed; to have more (e.g. ingredients, trimming, money) than necessary. o
    I "-' d bb:W'Vi:W1r!m~ bASil~

    maintain, keep (something) going; 1st example. 2. eleg. to remain the same, stay the same, stand still; 2nd example. 3. eleg., roy. to have, possess, be possessed of; 3rd example. 4. roy. (royalty) to perform an action, e.g. to put on (clothes), ride (a horse); see note. N 5. e 1 eg. shape, form, figure, style; 6th example. c om. -+Syn. 3. :J'l com. 5. nJ , bb'U'U
    'U

    (A'W)

    mtemtlajlsoukhrJau'

    (khon') N colloq. a rich widow.


    '11 S ~ :;(1

    in

    A'd 1:W'I1 ~ ~ Gl'1

    khwaam'soucam' N

    memory, memories.

    soucam' N memoirs.
    '11 S ~

    -+See also '11 S ~ lB .

    NOTE. In mng.

    iil'd

    soutua' V to balance, support oneself.


    Jt
    ~

    4. the specific nature of the action is determined by the object which follows it, or which is suggested by the context; see 4th and 5th examples below. o '11 S ~ iil'd soutua' to balance oneself, maintain one's balance. o

    -+Syn. blilLIHl'd.

    '11a~!il'dl~il~ 'U
    balance.
    HJ:W

    soutua'mfljjuu' to lose one's

    ( '11H, Lb'U'U)

    soupMm' (sou'. beb')

    eleg. style of haircut, hair style.

    '11~~'Wa:::S1Vt>1'1s6i sou'phrartlad'chadamract' v
    roy. to speak, to order.

    kasud'~

    (The patient's) condition does nothing

    but stay the same or worsen.


    0

    .., '11 ~ ~ :w 1 soumaal v r 0 y. 1. 'to be mounted on a


    horse. 2. to ride a horse.

    '11H'WS:::an~~

    sou'phra?ags3::>n' V roy. towrite.

    'Yla ~fln~ sousagl eleg. to possess rank (posi-

    "'

    tion).
    0

    rl~~l;~~
    soumaa' r
    d
    0

    souwajls9tJ::::

    lit.,eleg. topossess

    rl s ~ :w 1

    y. 1. to be mounted on a

    (e.g. quality, dignity).

    horse. 2. to ride a horse. o


    '11~ ~ bASil~

    '11Hfln~ sousag' V eleg. to possess rank.


    'Yl:ld 111m~

    "'

    soukhrJau' roy. to be dressed in


    ~

    ( m 'd 111m~, bb'U'U, ilrl 1 ~)

    sOadsou' (sOad::::

    regalia, armor, etc. -+See also under 'Yl:l


    bAHH below.
    0

    sou'. beb', jaau')

    N e 1 e g. shape, form, con-

    ri~H.J:W

    souph~m'

    eleg. style of haircut, hair

    "' ~m
    'U

    tour, figure, appearance. -Also spelled "lh 11l'Yl ~ ~. ' ~ bll rJ ~ ~ ( '111 'W , A'W) phOusouklad' (thflnl, khon') N e leg. honorable person (i.e. one with rank or

    style.
    If a word is not found under

    r1 ~ see also

    'lf.

    224 distinction). !:J n't1 ~ ~


    ~

    ( Pl'J ) j6gsou' (tua')


    I

    N brassiere.

    form, contour, figure, appearance. -Also spelled "li'JWirl~ ~. rJ ~'VI WI th;:,;:,rahod' V 1. to be tough, unyielding, stubborn. 2. to have great endurance. 'YJS'W!:J sab' N e 1 eg. wealth, money, treasure. L~hl, 61 :J..I'U~ ,1ihl

    ~'lJm ~

    ( LL'\J'\J,

    eW 1 ~) raubsou' (beeb', jaau') N

    figure, shape, form, build.

    L~!:J'Yln slasou' V 1. to lose one's shape, lose


    its shape. 2. to spoil the shape, the look (of something). 'Yl!!
    ~-

    -s y n.
    roy. element placed before

    com.

    I!J

    sou'. sou=

    'V:WrJS'W!:J ('V:W,Lb'Vi~) 9

    khumsab' N 1. treasure

    verbs when speaking of royalty, esp. of the king. -+See also


    'YJ~ ~

    (often buried) (khum'). 2. place where treasure is found or kept (hen').


    r1S'l'W.. i1W~

    NOTE.

    'YJ~ ~-

    is nor-

    mally placed in front of common verbs which have no specific royal counterpart. Although verbs which are already royal do not require

    sabstid'

    slang tobecomepenniless,

    broke. '11 s'Wv..1 hl~hl1ihl1 mt1 sab'najdin'-sin'najnaam' elab. eleg. the natural resources of earth and water: "treasure-in-the-earth, wealth-in-thewater."

    theadditionofm~-.

    e.g. li!S61

    roy. "to even here,

    speak," some writers add 't1!! ~ e.g. 'YJSHIS61


    0

    roy. "to speak."

    vamnn:; L6lSqJ
    live the King!

    kh5;:,1souphracar;:};:m'~ Long
    perty, possessions, wealth.
    9

    'W~:;:W'Vi1fl.J'IIIs!:J..m~ L11hl'lJ~:;:WV'VeJ~'tJ:t:; Lrlf'l


    The king is the head of the country.

    phra=

    '11 S'W !:J..1ihl ( J ~ 1 ~ )

    sabsin' (jaau')

    N com. pro-

    mah~akasad'-soupenpramug'kh5;:,uprath~ed'~

    perty, holdings, assets, wealth. LJlFI'I1 S'WtJ..

    (a~ 1 ~)

    pMogkhasab' (jaau') e 1 e g.

    't1 n 'W ~:; W1.1 L'Whl sou'phradamnddn' V roy. to walk. 't1 n :i'Jow!!:; Lm LGi'V soumii'phrathooral~eg' V roy. to send a telegram.

    resources (as in "natural resources"). :i'J'I1 S'WtJ miisab' V to be rich, wealthy; to have ( JtJ 1 ~)

    money. 'VIGi'nnsowtJ Iagsab' (jaau') N property,

    m'W~

    in

    1;m-w~. hFJ1;m-w~ kh~jlth:J:Jraphfdl,


    N eleg. smallpox. com.

    possessions or holdings used as security.


    ~

    rllog'kh~jth;:,;:,raphfd'

    -+Syn. ~WI1~
    ri~:W1hl

    sources. -+Cf.

    ri!!'Wtl.
    I

    th;:,;:,ramaan' V 1. to torture, torment. 2. torture.

    n sow tJ 1 n ~ s ~ ~ :wtr 1 ~ ( av 1 '1 > sab'phajaab:Jn'tham= machtlad' (jaau') N natural resources.

    to be torture, tormeht. n 1 ~--

    Fl 'J 1:1.1-- suffering, distress, agony. rJ!! :W 1 hl WI 'J !:J th:J:Jramaan' dtlaj= to suffer from (e.g. pain). '11S!:JA th;:,;:,raj6d' V 1. to betray. 2. to be traitorous. Flhl-- traitor, betrayer.
    I

    '11 ~ 1'\J stlab' V e 1 e g. to know; to learn of. -+S y n.


    ~
    ~

    com. NOTE. In referring to knowledge


    v

    acquired by study and learning, not '11:1 1'\J.

    is used, and

    bb;~1;'11!!1'\J cteu'ht!js~ab'
    it be known.

    eleg. to inform, let

    m s Ahl:;

    ( m ~ f'ihl:;, eJ!:J 1 ~) tMdsana?'*(tMdsana?t,

    jaau') N eleg. point of view, opinion. -+Syn.

    ~:1.1'11 ~ 1'\J symstlab' V co 11 o q. to know thoroughly,


    know well.

    FI'J1:WL~hl com. -Also spelled TIAhl:;.


    'llS

    n tf ( J ~ F1 , Flhl)

    th;:,~rartlad' (?ou', khon')

    LVhl '11 S 1 'U sensAab' V to sign an acknowledgment. '11 S 1'U 'J 1


    s~ab'w~a=,

    lit. eleg. tyrant. rJ ~ 'J ~ suau' N e 1 e g. chest, breast. com.


    ri~'JHfl

    sAabwAa'

    e 1 e g. to know that;

    -s y n.

    J fl

    it was learned that.

    s'\J'Yln'U rabs~ab' suau?og1 N eleg. chest, breast.


    I

    1. eleg. to acknowledge.

    2. to bear (something) in mind. rJS 1:1.1 saam' V 1. eleg. to be low, inferior, mean, rJ ~ , see also "11.

    m 'J WI in m 'J WI 'llS ~

    ( rJ !!'J WI 't1 n

    , LL '\J'\J , J tJ 1 ~ ) stlad=

    If a word is not found under

    m 1:w

    225 disgraceful. 2. lit. to be young, small. -+Syn.


    J.,

    mJ-J
    thuan' V to ask for, demand (what is due); to dun.
    0

    '111 ~

    1.

    6 61 1 , '1.11

    c o m.

    1 Sl '11 ~ 1 :W
    ~

    caj saaml V to be base, vile, immoral

    '11 CJ -1 6 eJ n

    s 1 '1.1

    thuanl?eegkar~ad'

    to demand

    (at heart).
    II~

    independence. N 1 it. young woman; sweet'11 1


    ~

    1 JJ 1 tJ saamwaj I heart.

    .
    ~

    See entries below.


    '111
    th1latJth~a'

    II 'J

    N presence, attitude, bearing,

    L~Fl~filll:il:W r6og'cldsaam' N feeble-mindedness.


    661111~

    manner, poise.
    111 ~

    fl

    th1lanthii' N presence, attitude, deportment,

    1:W leewsaam' V to be bad, vile.


    (

    bearing, manner. o '11 1 ~ fl 1 1 'l1 speech.


    ~

    m1tJ

    0J

    6~1il, 5~,

    i61i)

    saajl (mect',than',etc.)

    th1lanthii'waacaa' N manner and

    N sand (med' for grains; th<ltJ' and others for sand in containers or measured units).
    n~:::lil1'l;!ll:iltJ (66~'\..l)

    c;

    o '11'\..!111 N
    I

    ~~~

    than'th1lanthii' in time (with respect

    kractaadsaajl (phtn')

    to circumstances), in the nick of time.


    c;

    sandpaper.
    n611 ~ ~'\..ln 611 ~liS 1 tJ klaatJdin 1 klaansaajl co 11 oq.

    o 11"1'1111'11
    '11 1 ~

    tham'th1lanthii' toputupafront.

    thuan' V 1. to direct attention to (undesirable facts, dangers, flaws), to pick flaws in. 2. to protest, object (as in a discussion), give a counteropinion.

    on the ground.
    ~ '\..! '11 S 1 [I dinsaajl N sandy soil.
    ~'\..lt.J'\..l '11 ~ 1 [I dinponsaajl N loam, sandy soil.
    ~

    '11;::661'11~1[1

    ('11:::661'11~1U,b6'VH)

    thaleesaajl (tha8

    'Y!n II 1 ~

    tMgthuan' V 1. to direct attention to

    leesaajl, hf:n')
    v
    V
    I

    N desert.

    (undesirable facts, dangers, flaws), to pick flaws in. 2. to advise against, object to, express a counteropinion.
    '111 lil

    '\..l"1fi11 6111 ~ 1 [I mimtaansaajl N granular sugar. '\..l"11Hl'I1S1U

    mim'b:,;:,saajl N idiom. aninex-

    haustible source of wealth, constantly productive in small amounts.


    Vl11ilm 1tJ ( bbV!~)

    th1lad' N great-grandparent (on either side). -+Also 'l.i11il colloq.

    haadsaajl (hE:n')

    N sandy

    fill '11 1 lil

    ( F1 '\..!)

    taath1lad' (khon')

    N maternal great-

    beach.

    m 1 tJ

    ifJ,

    btJ eJ- -

    ...

    grandfather .
    (

    ul1 )

    saajl, nyasaajl (tua')

    111'\..l

    ( 6 iil:W)

    thuan'

    (l~m')

    N 1. lance. V 2. to pro-

    hog deer.
    '11 ~ lil sud' V to sink (as a building), sag, collapse;
    9

    ceed against. 3. to review.


    '11'UII1'\..l

    th6bthuan' Vl. to go over, review. sV

    2. to get worse (of a patient), to worsen, deteriorate, decline.


    ~

    2. back over, in review.


    111'\..!F1"1

    -+Co mp. V to sink into a

    thuankham' V to repeat (someone 1 s) words. thuanlom' V to move windward, go against

    J.,

    o II; lil fil') 61 ~ '\..! ~

    sudtuallotJn~tJ I

    II 1 '\..! Sl :W

    chair, lower oneself into a sitting position.

    the wind. o '11"1Vl'l11'\..l61:W


    'll

    II~ lill '11 S JJ sudsoom' V e 1 e g. 1. to be deterio9


    rated, worn out, in decay. 2. to be run down, sickly.
    '11 ~ lil Sl ~

    thamhuu'thuanlom' idiom. to pre-

    tend not to hear, turn a deaf ear.


    '111'\..l

    thuan' rM intensifier used with

    eJ 1'\..l "fat."

    sud'lon V to get worse, take a turn for

    eJ 1 '\..! '11 1 '\..! ?fianthuan' 1. to be fat, plump, heavy,

    the worse (of a patient).


    llb)'l;!~
    '11611 [I ( 'UII) thrfsadii' (bOd')

    chubby, solid. 2. to be in good health, look N theory.


    '11 1 :W
    V

    healthy. th1lam' V to flood, inundate.


    I

    thalaajl V 1. to tumble down, fall (as a building, wall). 2. to tear down, pull down, demolish. -+Also 11;::611tJ FS.

    -+S y n. '\..! eJ 1 .

    '11 1 :W '11'\..l '\..!" 1 '111 JJ


    V
    1

    th1lamth6n' V to overflow. naamth1lam'


    9

    N 1. flood; floodwaters.

    vr~ll611[1 phan'thalaajl
    ble, tumble down.

    to fall in ruins, crum-

    '\..l"1'111:W'I1~

    naam'th1lamth1ltJ' N idiom. verbiage,

    verboseness.
    If a word is not found under
    II S , see also

    '1.1

    m:w
    <=:1

    226
    :J/
    I
    Q...l

    :WV!i..&l.Jll'J:WWl

    miintisin'-thtlam'tua' to be deeply

    'tl'V! 1 s ~'l.J 1VI~ ll'V! 1 s ~ 1'WA n

    ( f'l'l.J)

    thaMan'pyynjajl {khon')

    in debt, head over heels in debt.

    artilleryman; the artillery. -Abbrev. tJ.


    ( A'W, 'W 1 t1

    1vr~ ~ 1 :W

    lajthtlam' V to overflow, flow over.

    l thaMan'pba.ansyg' {khon',
    N cavalryman;

    't1 1 tJ thuaj' N 1 it. group, the whole group, the

    naajl)
    'tl'V! 1 n.J 1

    N war veteran.
    ( f'l'W)

    group as a whole.
    'tl'J tJ
    ~

    thahiianmaa' (khon')

    1't-Jol;P

    thuajr~ad'

    N 1 it. people, citizenry.

    the cavalry.
    'tl'V! 1 S tJ 1 :W ( f'l'W)

    'tl'J 1 in 'tl'J1S

    Ul'l'tl'J 1 ttethaw~a' but.

    thaManjaam' {khon')

    N sentry,

    thawaan' N lit.,eleg. gate, door, opening. thawaannag' {thawaannag') -+Syn. n'l.J

    guard.
    rJV!1

    m 1 smrn ( m 1 ~ wwn )
    com.,
    ~

    s ;:W,- -~<fJ'1 ( f'l'l.J) 'U

    thahiianrOm', thahiian'rOm:::: N paratrooper; paratroopers,

    N ana t., e leg. rectum, anus.


    ~til

    chuuchtib' {khonl) the paratroops.


    'tl'V!1 S S 1'\J ( f'l'W)

    vulg.

    'tl'l- thawf::::

    lit.,eleg. combining form meaning


    "' ' L11, CJ, d &) 1 ~. -+Cf .. YI'J,

    thaManr~ab'

    {khon')

    N infantry-

    ''two." ~Chiefly in cpds.

    man; infantrymen, the infantry.


    'tl'V! 1 S l ~ J ( f'l'l.J)

    'tl~'U1'tl thawfbaad' lit.,eleg. biped.

    thaManrya' {khon')

    N sailor,

    "' thawii' V 1. to increase {in size, quantity) (per'tl'l


    haps orig., to double). 2. e 1 eg. combining ~ , ' ~ 'tl, tJ, d form meaning "two." --Cf. 'tl 'l61 J ~ .

    member of the navy. -Dist.

    n::;fl1~.
    N

    rm 1 s J 1 n 1 A ( f'l'W)
    'l.J 1 tJ 'tl'V! 1 S

    thaMan'?aakaad' {khon')

    airman, member of the air force.


    ( f'l'W , 'W 1 tJ ) naajthahilan' (khon/, naaj ')

    m ( ... ) 'V'l.J thawii'( ... )kh1n' to increase, mount.


    '111 Flb\l thawii/khuun' e 1 e g. twofold, double, mul<u

    "'

    J'

    N officer {of the army or navy). o 'W 1 tl'tl'V!1 S'Un naajl)


    ( f'l'W, 'W 1 tJ)

    tiplied by two.

    naajthahilanbog' (khon',

    '111'\.J ('111'\.J) thawtib' (thawtib') N geog. continent. m'i th6d', th6d'sa:::: N eleg. ten, deca-. --Chiefly
    in compounds. -Cf.

    N army officer.
    ( f'l'W, 'W 1 tJ)

    o 'l.J 1 tJ 'tl'V! 1 S l ~ J naajl)

    naajthaManrya' {khon',

    ~'U.
    2.

    N naval officer.

    m'I'Wti:W th6d'sanijom' N 1. decimal system.

    o 'W1tl'tl'V!1SG1bjjbl)1Dl'!S naajthaMan'silnjaabad' N commissioned officer .


    ...
    ~

    decimal.
    'tl'V! 1 ~ ( f'l'l.J)

    thahaan' {khon')

    N soldier, service-

    ~'Ubjj~1n 1 S'tl'V!1 S
    'U

    ( f'l'W)

    phtlubanchaa'kaanthaMan'

    man, member of one of the armed forces.

    {khon')
    'V1fl'tl'V!1S

    N commander-in-chief. phonthaMan' {khon') N mil. 1.

    n 1 s--

    soldiery; military affairs. kromthaMan' {krom') N

    (f'l'W)

    n ~:W'tl'V!1 S ( n S:W)

    private. T 2. Private --.

    regiment.
    n eH 'tl'V! 1 S ( n J ~ ) b::>tJthaMan' {b::>tJ')

    s 1 ~n 1 S m~ 1 ~
    N troops, service.

    dadchakaan'thahilan' N military

    forces, army.
    n"1i1'tl'V!1 s kamla:u'thaha.an' N military man-

    1n'tl'V!1 ~

    ( 1n ,

    u~~, vri~)
    ('W 1tl)

    roo:uthaMan' (roo:u',

    he:u', la:u')

    N military barracks.

    power.
    V
    I

    b si'W 11in 1S'tl'V!1 s (f'l'l.J,'l.J1tl) kh~ar~adcha::::

    s~enaa'thikaan'thahilan'

    'V1S1~n1S(~1tl)'tl'V!1S

    (naajl)
    'tl J.

    N m i 1 it. chief of staff.


    n J

    kaan'(faaj::::)thaMan' {khon', naajl)

    N em-

    Abbrev. for

    ~ TI'1 J 1 n 1 A "air force," and for

    ployees of the military services (as opp. to the civil services).


    'tlbln~'l'tl'V!1S

    'tl'V! 1 ~ J 1 n 1 A "airman. 'tlJ

    th::>::>' V 1. to weave. sV 2. back and forth.


    til1'tlJ daa'th::>::>' V 1. to curse, revile, apeak abu-

    (f'l'l.J) thakltew'thahaan/ (khon')

    soldier, brave warrior.


    I

    sively. 2. to exchange abusive or opprobrious N militarytechnician, language .

    'tl'V!1S~1~ thahiianch~a:u'

    ...
    I

    military engineer; the engineers.


    't1V!1 S'Un ( f'l'l.J) thaManoog' {khon')

    'tl J ~ 1

    th::>::>ph~a'

    to weave cloth.

    n 1 ~- -

    cloth-

    N soldier,

    weaving.
    V

    member of the army. .... Abbrev. 'tl'U

    o ~ 1 ~ 't1 J ~ 1 ( f'l'W) ch~atJth::>::>pMa' {khon')

    'tHJ weaver.
    '!1 8 ( '!1 8 , '!1 el'W)
    V

    227
    N gold leaf.
    th~:JI

    'tHH

    (tM:J', th!bn')

    N 1. pipe (used

    '!1 81 6l fi11 '118 -Hb'll~

    th:J:Jl)dD I
    th:J:Jt)th~u'*

    N copper. N gold bar, ingot.


    .-

    as a conduit), tube. 2. ana t. duct.


    I

    '!1el'W'1 th5:Jnaam' N water pipe. '!li!ltl 11 th~:Jjaau' '!1 8 8 el'W th~:J?:J:Jn'

    '!181'U~el'W'If

    th:J:Jl)pDn', th:J:Jl)p:Jnl* N bronze .

    N rubber tube. N hose (i.e. rubber or other

    [ 'U

    ~ el'W'If f. Eng.] -+Also called '11 81 ~:Wbj '11S.


    th:J:Jt]baj' N gold leaf. th:J:JIJ'rOubpaphan' (chin') N

    '11 B 11 'U
    '\J

    flexible type of hose).


    '11 8 th5:J' V to be disheartened discouraged, daunted.

    '1181:1'\J'Y'Inrn (,ff'W)

    gold made into ornaments and other articles, ornamental gold (as opposed to gold bars).

    -+Dist.
    ;

    bli!ltl.

    elL~

    th5xaj I

    V to be discouraged, disheartened,
    A 1 1 :W--

    'Ylel~~:Wbj'I1S th:J:JtJ'samrfd' N bronze. -+Also


    .called '11 81 'U ~ B'W'If.

    .-

    downhearted; to lose heart. agement.


    '11 8 b1 8 tJ
    th5:Jth~j1 *

    disc our'118

    ~ l Vl~ 8 ~

    th:J:Jt]lya:u' N brass.
    (

    V 1. to feel like giving up,

    'W n 'tJ'W '11 81

    withdrawing. 2. to lose courage, be discouraged, disheartened.


    A 1 1 :W--

    '

    til1 )

    n6gkhunth:J:JtJ' (tua')

    N talking

    myna, bird of the starling family (Sturnidae).

    discouragement.

    lJ 611 '!1 81

    (til1 )

    plaath:J:JtJ' (tua')

    N goldfish, small

    '!1866'!1 th5:Jthe' V to feel dejected, downcast,

    carp with gold coloring.


    '\J611't181. ilfi1'l181

    -+Com p. '\J 611 l ~'W

    in low spirits.
    I ._,

    tJ 8'!1 8 j5:Jth:b' V 1. to lose heart, be discouraged.

    pldth:J:JtJ' V to cover with gold leaf, to gild. penth:J:Ju'-phndiaw'kan

    2. to feel like giving up, yielding, withdrawing.


    '!181 th:J:JtJ' N gold.

    6.U'W'!1B 1 66~'W 6 ~tl '.lrl'W

    -+Syn.

    Ft1

    GJ ....... Qftencou-

    idiom. to be united by marriage into a single family.


    6.U'W 'Yiel1l~ ; ;8'W '\J
    eJ i!JIJ 't1 81

    pled with

    6 ~ 'W "silver."
    ....

    6fl~i!l1'!181
    6fl ~ 81 '!1 eJ
    d

    (-l!'W)

    khryauth:J:JtJ' (chin')
    ._,
    I

    N arti-

    See '!1'1 6.U'W '!1 811~;; el'W under n'1. '\J f5jth:J:Jt) I* (?ani, cabl,

    cles of gold, goldware.

    ( eJ'W ,

    .r1J , b6 eJ 1 )

    nw 81

    ( -l!'W , eJ t1 11 )

    khryauth:J:JtJj ~:JtJ'

    phu')

    N a kind of egg-yolk confection, con-

    (chin'. jaau')

    N gold ornaments, gold jewelry. N 1. gold and silver. 2.

    sisting of thin threads of yolk boiled in heavy syrup.

    6 ~'W'!leH tJ<lnth:J:Jt)'

    colloq. money. o
    I

    '!Tn '!1 81
    "1 ryau'-tJ<lntJ<ln'th:J:Jt)th:J:JD'
    N goldsmith.

    ( 'U, 61 n, eJ 61)
    '\J

    fagth:J:JtJ' (bajl, laug', pMn')

    d A 6 ~ 81 6 1'W

    "1

    '1181

    N pumpkin.

    N colloq. money matters, financial matters.

    iJ fi1 '!1 81

    ( 6 Sl :W , el'W)

    mtidth:J:Jt)l (l@m',? an')

    'if 11 '!1 81
    VIJ'I181 fi1eln'!181

    ( A'W)

    cMauth:J:JtJ' (khon')

    brass fruit knife or paring knife. Brass is used to avoid discoloration of the fruit.
    '!1 81

    '

    chubth:J:JtJ' V to gild. d:J:Jgth:J:JU' N colloq. derog. a loose eleg.

    th5u'* V 1. to wade. 2. to roam around (for pleasure). 3. to recite aloud; to repeat (again and again in order to memorize). 4. to study (one's schoolwork). -+Syn.

    woman, prostitute. -Syn. 1~ 6J1i!l

    o ~ fi1 8 n'tl 81 ?iid:J:Jg'th:J:JtJ'! Prostitute! Bag! (term of abuse).


    6~'W'll 81
    '

    6~ri1.

    d<l<lnth:J:JD' V 1. to letter in gold, print

    gold letters. 2. to be gold-lettered, have gold lettering.


    '!1 81 'tJ 1 1 th:J:Jl)khi:law' N l. white gold.

    'tli!l1'/J'WL~ th5u'kh~ncaj1 V to commit to memory. ' '!181 ~'1 th5ucam' V to learn by rote, memorize.
    '1181 6'lltl 1
    d

    J'

    th5uthtaw' V 1. to roam, wander. 2.

    2. plati-

    to tour, travel.
    ILl

    !Tn-I

    tourist, traveller. samnaguaan 1 tMu:::

    num. 3. nickel.
    '!1 81 f1'1 th:J:Jl)kham' N gold; yellow gold.

    o ~'1'Wn11'W'tli!JH'YW'd
    .... 'tli!l1'W'1

    (b6Vl1)

    thtaw' (hu 1 )

    N travel bureau .

    o '!18 1 f1'1'tJ 11 th:J:Jl)khamkhi:law' N 1. platinum. 2. white gold. o '11 81 A'1 6'\J61 1 ( 66eJ'W)
    '

    th5unaam' V to wade. tMu'nalJs'YY' V colloq. 1. to study,

    ~eHVl'IT1~8
    th:J:Jt]khampleew' (phf:n')

    do one's schoolwork. 2. to repeat (again and

    228 again in order to memorize).


    'lHH ( 11iJ 'I)

    't1 iJ 'l 'W iJ tJ

    th:5:Jt)n5:Jjl N the lower abdomen; an at.

    th:S:JtJ' (th:S:JtJ')

    N com. 1. belly,

    the hypogastrium, the hypogastric region.


    't1 iJ 'I 'W 1 ( ll VI 'I )

    stomach, abdomen. 2. bottom (of a ship, of the sea); bed (of a canal). 3. expanse (of a field, of water, of the sky); area (of water, of a road). 4. pregnancy. V com. 5. to be pregnant. -Also 5. ~'YliJ'l. el eg. -syn. 1. ~~.
    4. f'I)"Hl

    thO:J-l)naa' (he.lJ')

    N paddy field,

    expanse of a paddy field.


    't1 iJ 'l t:J n thO:J-l)phuug' V to be constipated.
    .., '\J

    't1 iJ 1 'W ~ ::-:

    1S 'I

    th5::>-!Jphr<iroo.lJ I
    ( 1'U )

    N throne hall. kratMon'th5:J-!Jphra::::

    o n S ::-: 1 bl'W ;( 8 1 'W s : -: 1 S ~


    roo.lJ' (bajl)
    Yl8~~1

    N idiom. a scape-goat.

    o LJ 'llil '1" 1 iJ 'I puadth:5Jn' to have a stomachache,


    a bellyache.

    th:S:J-l)fia' N the sky, the heavens.

    '118 'l :1 'l 'I th5::>-!Jrt1a.lJ' V e leg. 1. to have diarrhea.

    o '11 iJ ~ l ~ iJ th:S:Jnrya' the bottom of a ship.


    o 'YliJ ~'li1 th:J:Jnnaam' water area, expanse of water.
    0
    :!:;

    N 2. diarrhea.

    "

    o
    '11 iJ

    1:lFI;(8~;1'1
    I

    r6og'th5::>-!Jrt1a.lJ' N eleg. diarrhea.


    8 '~)

    n
    ~

    iJ ~
    d

    ( '11 iJ

    th:S:J.tJr:"l.tJ' (th:S:J.tJr~.tJ')

    '11 iJ 'I bb )" n th:S:Jnrteg' first pregnancy.


    v

    irrigation ditch.
    '118 l S iJ 'I

    liH '11 iJ '!


    :!:;

    t~nth:S:J.tJ'

    V com. 1. to conceive, be in -Syn.

    thO::>.lJ'rya.lJ' N the subject matter, the

    early pregnancy. 2. to be pregnant.


    ..

    essence of a story, the story itself.

    IiHFinJl 11 iJ ~

    eleg.
    1. to have a full belly,
    J-'

    ;(iJ~ ls

    1 (

    66~'1). th5:J-l)r~jl
    ( bb'Vl'l)

    (he.lJ')

    N field, expanse

    n 1 'I th:S:Jnkaa.tJ' v
    "

    of a field.

    bulging with food or water. sV 2. with a full belly.


    d

    ;(iJ 'll ;;;iJ '!'W 1

    th5:J.tJrc1jlth5::>tJnaa' (he.lJ')

    .- D i s t. '11 iJ HI 'W to be very hungry.

    N e lab. colloq. fields (of all kinds).


    'fliJH1'W1:l-J'Vl61'l'l th:S:J-l)san<lamlli.a.lJ' pN colloq.

    11iJ'ln'l th:S:J-l)klw' V slang


    o'
    I

    11 eJ H6n th5:J-l)kee' V com. to be at full pregnancy.

    Phra Men (Phra Meru) Ground, the place in Bangkok where all official ceremonies are held. ..... Also
    't1 'I 'W :l ::-: l :l-J :l .
    9 9

    -Syn. 'fleH 'II'W


    J-'

    FIS~mkn

    eleg. V 1. to be bloated. N 2.
    '11iJ~n1~.

    th5:J-l)kh~n'

    flatulence.

    -Dist.

    ;(iJ 'I l ~I'J

    th:S::>-!Jsia' V 1. to have a disorder of the

    'flel'l l~'W th:S:J-l)daan' V 1. to have diarrhea, have

    digestive tract, of the bowels; to have diarrhea. N 2. a disorder of the digestive tract, of the bowels; diarrhea. -Comp.
    v "'

    a running of the bowels. N 2. diarrhea.


    v

    -.co mp.

    'YliJ '! l 8tJ,

    a more general term.

    '118~

    llil'W.

    o 1 S FI'Yl iJ 'I l 61 tJ r6og'th5:J-l)Sla' N colloq. diarth:S:J.tJ'diawkan' full brothers, sisters, brothers and sisters.
    '11iJHHl1lil

    rhea.
    lk'W'W'YliJ 1 ntnth:S:J.tJ' V to have a full feeling in the

    (U'l-H) th5:J-!J'talaad' (he.lJ')

    N colloq.

    stomach (causing discomfort).

    the market, the market place.


    YlD
    ~

    LJ 'llil'YI iJ

    puadth:S:J.tJ' V to have a stomachache,

    bl'W'W th5:J-l)'thanl'm'

    N the road area, the mid-

    a bellyache.

    dle of the road, the road proper (i.e. exclusive of shoulders, edges).
    d

    ~1 'W;; iJ 'I, 1 S Fl-rrntsFI. ll'W'fliJ'l

    fiinajth:S:J.tJ', raog'flinajth5:J.tJ' -Cf.

    N colloq. pulmonary tuberculosis. N area, dis-

    'tliJ'lbl'W

    (bl'Vl'l) th5:J-l)thln' (he.tJ')


    V
    I

    trict, municipal area, locality. o ;_~ 'U 161 '118 'I ~'W ( (radthabaan')
    J
    I

    phteth:S:J-!)1 V to have morning sickness

    :ig 'U 161)

    nidthabaan'th:S:J-l)thln'

    (in pregnancy).
    il'tl iJ ~ miith5:J.lJ' V colloq. to be in the family

    N local government. N area, district,

    Yl8 'l'Yl

    ( lb'Vl'l) th5:J-l)thti' (he.tJ')

    way, be pregnant.
    ..

    -Cf. iJd-J'YliJ'!.
    .,9

    -syn.

    ..,

    region under the administration of a sheriff .

    ..,

    ilFISSJl eleg.,

    YlS'IFinJl

    roy.

    'fliJ~'WiJ'l

    ('111'1) th:S:J-l)n~.lJ' (kh~a.lJ')

    N calf (of

    61 'I '11 iJ 'I lo-l)th:S::>.lJ' V co 11 o q. to suffer from

    the leg).

    diarrhea.

    229
    ~

    rl'!HH

    sudth5:JUI last-born, youngest. Chiefly


    Fl'W- - ,
    IJ.,

    anchor.
    'Yluf118:::'V'l1'W

    in

    fl- -

    the last- born child, youngest

    th:J:Jdsaphaanl V idiom. to meet

    child.
    '\!!1 tJ 1 'l1:wm l'1 eH Majcajlm.jthtlath5::l1JI colloq.
    "-'

    halfway, e.g. to encourage acquaintance with someone (as a woman encouraging a man). Yl eJ f1l UVl th:J:JdbEc:l V to cast a fishing net.
    ~

    to breathe uneasily (as in a tense situation). eJ:Wl'leH ?fimth5:J1)1 V 1. to be carrying a child q .., (i.e. to be pregnant).
    l'luf11

    Yl eJ 1'18 161 tJ th!:\:Jdl? aalaj I terest; to despair.


    'Wu'W'Yluf11~tl

    V to lose hope, lose in-

    --.cf. i1Tiu ~.
    ---Dist. t:Jf11. N

    th5:Jdl V 1. to fry (by the piece, e.g. a steak,

    n:J:Jnlth~:JdhU.jl

    V colloq. to lie

    a fish, an egg). 2. to be fried.


    l'luf11J!'W ( .ff'W, 'l1'W)

    down completely relaxed, stretch out lazily.


    b~'W 'Yl eJ f1l "]

    th~bdmanl

    (chfnl, caanl)

    penth!:\:Jdth~bdl from one to another,

    fried patty made of fish, prawns, or meat. Yl eJ f1l lJ th:J:Jdl V 1. to cast (e.g. dice, a net). 2. to lay down. 3. ho rt. to send forth (shoots, spikes, etc.). C 4. section, part, stretch, relay,
    ~

    in succession, successively.

    n ZJ'W th:J:Jnl V 1. to give change (money). 2. to cut


    down, make smaller, reduce.
    lJ'W 1J<=mth:J:Jnl N change (money returned).

    shift.
    '/J 1 tJ l'1 a f1ilil f11 f1l

    liiWY10 kh<lajth::l:Jdltalaadl V to sell at

    tadth:J:Jnl V to cut down, shorten. th::J:Jnlsataul V to give change. C 1. part, section, piece. 2. music. ---Comp. 1. lilu'W,'U'W,fi1'W.
    !0 '

    'Ylu'Wi:1Wl Hl

    auction.

    110'\J

    th~:Jnl

    iff1l Yl eJ f1l sadth!:\:Jdl V to shift the blame to some)Jody else; to refer to somebody else as one to be blamed.
    b A'W fl

    movement.

    ~ u'W1~

    th::l::Jnmaajl N log, piece of wood.

    fiOEJ th::J:Jjl V to pitch (e.g. a penny), to throw or toss from a low level (aiming at something).
    '11 0 tJ fl eJ
    ~

    eJ f1l b A tJ 1 dCJ;:mlth~::Jddiawl to walk one

    stretch.
    b A'W 'Yl eJ f11'W 0 ~

    th::J::Jj b:J1) I

    N a kind of gambling game in

    dCJCJnlth~::Jdn:Jul to walk in a leisurely

    which players throw coins at a stack of cards or coins which serve as the stake.

    manner, at a leisurely pace.


    lilfl'YJ8[91 togth~bdl V 1. to be handed down.

    2. to

    'fl::;'W~

    thanoul V to be proud, arrogant, haughty, overly confident.


    Fi 1 1 :W- -

    be passed from hand to hand.


    Ll1tl't181il
    thaajth~'l:Jdl

    pride, overconfidence.

    V 1. to relay. 2. to trans-

    '11::; 'W l'W

    (l'u) thanaanl (bajl) N 1. a measuring

    mit, hand down (e.g. to the next generation). o bl1 lJ no rH 61 lJ 1 thaajth5::Jdl s Iaul to transmit sound by relays, to relay sound.
    YlOf11fl3''W th!:\::Jdkathlnl V to hold a religious
    I A

    bowl made of a coconut shell. C 2. a formerly used unit of volume equivalent to the amount a coconut shell measure would hold. Used mostly to measure rice, beans, etc.
    '11:::'\J 1'WV!fl1
    ~

    ceremony in which yellow robes are presented to the priests .

    thanaanlUaul C a Thai unit of volume

    ...

    equivalent to one liter.


    '11:::7 thaml?l See entries below.

    fl81il fli;i 1 th5::Jdkl.al V to sow germinated rice

    -+Also

    m~

    FS.

    grain.

    -Syn.

    lilflfl611.

    Yl:::'WbiWeJ:W thaml?lthan5:lm1 V 1. elab. to care q

    '11 eJ lil '/J 1 th::l::Jdkh<lal V to stretch the legs. '11 eJ f1l b 11 th!:\:lduawl V to cast a shadow. '11uf11rl1 th::l:ldtual V to lay oneself down, to lie

    for, to cherish. 2. to treat with affection or great care.


    Yl:::'Wl.f1 :J 1 thaml?lbamruul V 1. to nourish.
    9 9

    2.

    down.
    +

    ho rt. to tend (plants) with care. 3. to improve. V to cast, throw dice. -+Also '111'W'lf1 :J 1 .
    9 9

    '118 f1l b lil1 th::l:Jdt<lwl

    TI8f11~q th~bdthful V to neglect, abandon, desert.


    '11 eJ rl'V'l :J::; b'W Iii :J
    th:'l:ldphran~edl

    ..,

    Yl::; b\1 tJ 'W thabianl N register, registration, record.


    '/J'W'Yl::: b'\JlJ'W
    J-' "'

    V roy. to look,

    kh?nlthabianl V to register (for some-

    see; to cast the eyes.


    '1181il61 :W eJ th:'l:ldsam:SJI V to cast anchor, drop

    thing), be registered, get (one's name) on a register. Usually for military service and for

    230

    automobiles.
    'l!J111:;; b'l!EJ'U

    fresh, forward, brash, smart-alecky. 2. to to register, be regisshoot up (fast). 3. to spring up, stand up, sit up quickly. cheek.
    '!1:;;~

    cod'thabianl v

    tered.
    '11:;; b'll EJ 'U ~ bl

    n 1 ~- -

    registration.

    Fl11 :J.J- - impertinence, insolence,

    thabianr6d' N car registration.

    o ~11:;; b'l!EJ'U ~ bl tii'thabianr6d 1 V to register a car.

    thah1?1 V 1. to go through, pierce through, bore through. 2. to be pierced through, penetrated, bored through; to develop holes (as a cooking

    N census.
    'U1EJ11:::b'l!EJ'U (A'U)

    pot). naajthabian' (khon') N regis"11::: 61 n 611 'l i.J61 eJ ~ q


    thal11?1klaanpl~n'

    v i d i 0 m. to

    trar, recorder. fH '11:;; b'll EJ 'U lon'thabian' V to register, be registered. o 'li71'V'f:l.J1EJ6H'Yl:;; b'lJEI1J codm~aj'-lon'thabian' registered mail.
    'V!eJ11:;; b'UEJ'U'l1171'U
    "'
    d~

    burt in, interrupt while others are in the midst of talking.


    11::;b61 ('tl::;b61)

    thalee'(thalee') -Opp.

    Nl.sea. 2.(of
    'Un.

    the) sea, marine.

    o iJ 611 "11:;; b 61 plaa'thalee' sea fish, marine fish, b:s::lthabian'thtidin' (hen') salt-water fish.
    'IJeJ'U'tl:;; b iil
    ( 1711'\J, Lb'V!-1)

    ( bb'V!~)

    land registration office.


    ~

    kho::lbthalee' (da:an', hen')

    11:;;:l.JIJ1'!1:;;bb:J.J~

    thamad'thameen' with a business-like

    N the edge of the sea; the horizon of the sea.


    '1.1 1 EJ '11:;;

    manner, seriously, in a serious manner, earne stl y, skillfully .


    11:;; :!J'W , 11:;; :l.J'W thamyn 1, thamwn' V to loom, loom
    ., d

    biil

    ( Lb Vi -1 )

    chaajthalee' (hen')

    N seashore.

    '11:::; b61m lEI

    ( 'tl:;; L61m 1tJ, Lb'V!-1) N desert.

    thaleesaaj' (tha::::

    leesaaj', hen')
    '11:;; b iil 5i 1 'U , - 5i 1 tl

    high; to be extremely high and appear gloomy, sullen, awesome.


    I

    ( '11:;; b 61 5i 1 'U , Lb Vi -1 ) thaleesaab'


    N lake.

    (thaleesaab', hen')
    'J1::;b61'V!611-1

    'tl:;; Lb:J.J ~

    tham~n'tham~u'* V to be disagreeable,

    thaleelilan' N abigsea.

    offensive to one's senses.


    11:;; l:J.J'W FS. See "Yll:J.J'U .

    "' 1J'1'11:;;

    b 61 naamthalee' N sea water.

    iJ 611 '11:::; b 61 ( lll1) plaa'thalee' (tua') N sea fish,


    marine fish, salt-water fish. -See also "11:;; bEJel
    J.,

    '11 :;; E1 eJ E1 FS. See 11 El eW .


    'tl:;;tJ1'U thajaan' V to jump, leap. '11 ~ tJ 1 'W under '11 :;; b tJ eJ . 'J1:;;tJ1'UL'l thajaancaj' V to become overly bold,

    I'J ~ '11:;; b 61

    ( b6 Vi -1 )

    fan'thalee' (hen')

    N 1. seashore,

    seacoast, coast. 2. (as n. mod.) coastal.


    1 ;'U '11:::; b 61 ph6on'thalee' overseas. b ~ eJ l ~'!J'tl:;; l 61 ( 61'1)

    foolhardy.
    1611711 f.J'W 1 'l 'U '11:::; EJ 1'\J WodpMon'-coon'thajaan'

    ryad<:J<:Jn'thalee' (lam')

    sea-going steamer, ocean liner.


    61 :l.J'tl:;; b 61 lom'thalee' N sea breeze.

    V e 1 a b. co 11 o q. to be exciting, thrilling, adventurous.


    "11:;; bEJ 1 in 11:;; btJ eJ '11:;; tJ 1 'U

    "' ~1J11::; l 61 ( el'U) lin'thalee' (?an') N cuttlebone


    thaj<:J<:Jithajaan' V to be aspiration, ambition. (used to make a powder for polishing and as medicine).
    'tl:: bf.1'U in 'V!'W1'11:;; l61'U ntla'thalen'* V to have a grin,

    ambitious.
    '11:: LbEI 'l FS. See

    f111 :lJ- -

    mw -1

    '11:;; 611 -1 thaluan' V 1. to thrust.

    2. to make a hole

    a broad grin; to be giggly.


    'fl::; l 611:;; thaL)?/ V to quarrel.
    ~

    -co mp.

    'V!'U 1 bV'W.

    or passage through.

    'tl:;;~n thalag' V 1. to gush out, burst forth. 2. to


    be forced out abruptly by pressure.
    't1::;611EJ
    C9J
    ~

    11:;; lf.11:;;1'J1'11 thal:)?lwfwtiad' to quarrel. 11:::; 'J 1 tJ

    thawaajl N Tavoy; the Tavoy (inS Burma). 2. to

    thalaajl C bunch, cluster (of coconuts,

    'Yln thag' V 1. to greet, address, speak to.

    areca nuts, etc.).


    '11:;; 611 tJ tB FS. See '!1611 EJ '!1:;; 61-1 thal~n' V 1. to be impertinent, insolent,
    d

    make a remark, pass a remark. 3. to hint, remind.

    '11n'11 'J -1

    thagthuan' v 1. to direct attention to

    231
    (undesirable facts, dangers, flaws), to pick flaws in. 2. to advise against, object to, express a counteropinion.
    rln't11 tJ

    b~1~~b~'W~:weJ~seJb~'Wwl1'11tJ1A161111;nlll1:w
    Q'Wiil
    .., "'"l

    1-! 1-! b~'11~'W'W

    khawcapenm5~'ryypennagwfdtha:::

    jaasaad'- k~taam- cMndiicajlthaunan'! {Whether) he becomes a doctor or a scientist is of no consequence; I'll be happy either way.
    1-! .;y

    tMgthaajl V to greet, speak to.

    finrln thygtMg' V to jump to conclusions; to

    presuppose, assume (without evidence).

    'Yl'l'W
    1-!

    tMunfil all of this, all this.


    &'
    1-!.v

    s eJ 'l rln

    r5~uthag' V to greet, haiL speak to


    ..., --Syn. 1111 com.

    m b'WeJ'I1HI'J

    tMunya'tMutua' 1. all over {the

    {loudly).

    body); thoroughly. 2. idiom. to one's name (as in "not a penny to his name").
    m 'IJ 1 .:j
    1-! 1-!

    rln~~ tMgsin' lit.,eleg. south.

    -The literary and the common terms for the eight chief points of the compass are listed under

    tMupuau' com. all, (of) every kind, (of) -+Cf. also 'Yl.:j'W'W, '11'1 r-.1 eJ .:j,
    1-! 1-! 1-! 1-! 1-!
    t:;

    every description.
    1-! "' 1-!

    'llf'l.

    'Yl'lb~,'Yl'l:W'JG1,'11'l~'W,'I1'l~:Wiil,'l1'l~G11tJ.
    o fl'W'Yl'l'IJ'J 'l
    I

    rln~~11'l] tMgsinaa'wad' lit.,eleg. clockwise.

    khon'thaupuau' everybody. tMn'thaupuau' eleg. you all, all


    .vt-!_~

    -ct.

    rln~~.

    1-;

    o '111'W'Yl'l'IJ'J 'l of you.


    1-!_~

    anvil. 'YH thau' qM all, all of, the whole of. o '11'1 61 eJ 'l
    1-! 1-!
    thauso~u'
    t:;

    '11 'l b'U'W as in t:J 'l'l1.:j b'U'W f~u'thaupen' to bury alive.


    1-!

    'YlHJeJ'l
    1-! 1-!

    tMtJph5~u'

    lit.,eleg. all.

    -+Cf. '11'l'IJ'H.

    1-!

    both. used with and without

    o fl'W'Yl 'l ~ eJ 'l

    khon'thauph5~u'

    1 it. all people.


    1-!

    a following elf. o '11 .:j 611 :w thau silam' all three. o rr'l ~ tMusli' all four.
    .., 1-!

    'Yl.:j b~ tMuphee' co 11 o q. all (of it), the whole

    thing, in (its) entirety, in toto.


    I I

    -ct.

    m'IJ'J 'l.

    o 1:w1'lf'Yl'l b~ m.1jcMjltMuphee' colloq. neither of them; none of them.


    'Yl'l:W'J'l thaumuan' lit.,eleg. all, all (of them).
    1-!
    t:;

    1-;

    wu m kabtMu'
    1-!""
    1-;

    and also, and in addition, to.., 1-! ...,

    gether with, withal.


    I

    -+Also

    n'i.J'YH . . . fil'.HJ

    t1 'l fl 'W tMukhyyn' all night, the whole night. '11'1 fl tMukh1lu 1 both. 1-! ~ '11 'llll 'J tMutua' 1. all over (the body). 2. the
    ..,
    1-!

    --ct. m'IJ1 'l.


    '!1.:j ... bb &J ~ thau::: ... le:::. . .
    0

    both . . . and ...

    '11

    1-!

    "' 'l ~bll

    'l bb61 ~'If 1 tJ

    thauj ru'lechaajl both men and


    1-! "' 'Yl'l~b1).:j'lf1tJ.

    whole of (anything that takes Ill 'J as elf.).


    '11'1 . '11'1 .. tMu::: ... tM.u::: ... both ... and ...
    1-! 1-! 1-! 1-! ..,

    women: "women and men" (the customary order in Thai).


    1-! .., 1-! "'

    -+Also

    o '11'1
    1-;

    ~ 1'11'1 'IJ S'U

    thaucamlthauprabl both fine and

    'Yl'l 'J'W thauwan' all day. '11 'l ~'W tMustn' all, all of (it); entire(ly), total{ly).
    1-!

    imprisonment; "both to imprison and to fine."


    I

    1-;

    o '11'1 bb:W'Yl 'l G1 n thaumte'thaul1lug' both mother qJ and child. 'YH '11, '11 'l '1 '11 thau 1 thti:::, tMutMu 1 thti:::
    1-! .! 1-! .!

    -ct.
    o
    1-! "'

    m'IJ1 .:j.
    1-! "' 1-! ...,

    o ~ 0 1'\..! 1 'W 'Yl.:j ~'W camnuan'thaustn' the total amount. even


    b n eJ'U'Yl'l ~'W k}rab'thaustn' almost entirely.
    1-!

    though, although, in spite of, in spite of the fact that.


    '11 HJ'W tM.unan', thaunan' com. 1. all of them,
    1-! 1-!

    '11 'l~:Wiil tMumbd' com. all (of it, of them), the

    whole lot.
    1-! 1-!

    -ct.

    '11 'l 'IJ 1 'l .

    '11 'l ~611 tJ thaulaajl all, the whole (group). '11 .:j'IJ 1 'l
    1-! fl'W'Yl'l~611tJ

    -ct.

    any of them, all or any of them, every last one; everything, anything, everything and anything. 2. all the same, either way.
    I I

    khon'thaulaajl people(ingeneral),

    -ct.

    'tH 'IJ 1 'I .

    1-!

    everyone, everybody. o fl ~ '11 'l ~'11 tJ khruu'tMulaajl com. all teachers.


    1-!

    1-;

    1-;

    o 1:wh1'11 'l'W'W m.1jcMjltMunan' neither of them, not either of them; none of them, not any of them . o '111 ~'W .. '11'1 'W'W thtin~jl ... tMunan' any place at all.
    .! 1-!
    t:;

    -s yn.
    I

    'U s s 1111 fl

    e 1 e g. all of you.

    1-;

    '111'W'Yl'l~'l1tJ

    tMn'tMulaajl eleg.

    Used in addressing a crowd.


    0

    61Jl1~'U
    9

    S"ef61111 "' HI1-!'l~'l1tl supMabl-bun'td'sadtriil-

    9 9

    232 tMnlaaVl Ladies and gentlemen! Used at the beginning of an address.


    1;

    rJ'W 'Yl 1 'l 'Yl than-'thOatJthii/ in time (with respect to

    ""

    circumstances), in the nick of time.


    TI'WTI

    rJ H'i611 t'.J bb Vl61 tMnlaajlh-' all.


    1;
    A
    0'

    thanthii-' 1. prompt. 2. promptly, immediately, -+Co mp.


    rl'W11il.

    rJ ~ eJ l rJFI t'.J tMn?aathfd-' all week, the whole week.


    ~~

    at once, instantly.

    eJ :J..IrJ ~
    1; 1;

    ~~

    phd:)m-'tMtJ~

    together with.

    o TI'WTITI'W11il thanthii'thandaj/ elab. colloq. at


    once, instantly, in an instant.
    w

    n :J..J'YH

    ruam'than~

    to include; including.

    n
    ~

    :J..J'YH Vl:J..IIil
    1; "'

    ruam-'thanmod-' altogether. r5:)j/thanr5:)V N colloq. 1. a hun-

    'Yl'W b 1 1;11 than-'weelaa-' in time. TI'WG1:0'tJ

    eWrJ n elt'.J
    1; "'

    than-'samil.j' up-to-date, modern. sV 1. not in time, not on time.

    dred percent chance. 2. the whole, everybody .


    61 :l..I'YH t'.J'W l6m'tMnjyyn-' colloq. to collapse,
    ..,

    l~TI'W m~jthan-'
    o

    2. can't catch up with.

    keel over.
    eJ n'11 ~ t'.J
    "' 1;
    w

    1LJ1~TI'Wl ~ paj/-m~jthan-'r6d-'
    train.

    to miss the car,

    ? lig-'thanjatJ~ furthermore, moreover;


    o

    and in addition (to that), ... still.


    '11611.'11 than-' N eleg. punishment, penalty.

    -syn.

    1~TI'Wll'W m~jthan-'kin-' l~rl'W 1 ~ m~jthan-'raj'


    <V

    co 11 o q. too slow for use. co 11 o q. 1. only a short

    1'11~ com.
    L '11~rlbll.'t1"' th6od-'than-' N e 1 e g. punishment.
    w

    while later. 2. not very long ago.

    o t'.J "'l l:J..J'Yl'W ... fl . jatJm~jthan~ ... k~~ . . . no


    sooner . . . than ...
    oot'.J ~ l:J..J'Yl'W~J llilA01
    ~

    <V

    rJ:;

    Jll A'Yibll.'fl o
    'II

    ph~agthan-'
    0'

    V e 1 e g. to put on probation.

    ~fl Jl1 Arlbll.'fl thuug-'pMagthan-' e leg. to be on

    I<V

    b llfl . janm~jthankhaad-'~

    probation, be put on probation.


    1;rlbll'I1'JJ1FI majthan-'thakMad-' N the cancellation

    kham-'- raw-'k~~ . . .

    colloq. no sooner had

    he finished talking, than we ...


    ; TI'W
    'II

    mark (
    w

    ) used in the Thai writing system. com. -s y n.

    ruuthan-' V to know at once what another is


    V
    I

    -syn. fl1i''WFI

    driving at.
    161 TI'W
    1

    -Dis t.

    61 ~ '11611.'11 lonthan-' V e 1 e g. to punish.

    l~jthan-'

    'II

    b'Yll .

    V to catch up with, overtake.

    See
    w

    rhL'Yl~

    1 Vl'J rl'W wajthan-' V to be able to sense what

    'Yllil

    I9J

    thad-' V to tuck behind the ear (as a flower, a pencil).

    another is up to.
    ( 'W 1 t'.J , A'W) than-'taphted-' (naaj',

    'Yllil il thad-' V to be equal (to).

    -+Chiefly in cpds.
    w

    khon-')

    N e 1 e g. dentist.

    rllil bTit'.J:W thadthiam-' V 1. to be equal, equivalent,

    e 1 e g., Vl:WeJ~'W
    rJ'U
    I9J

    -s...y n.

    bb~'Ylt'.J~'W'

    0'

    com. - rl'WIJJ

    is eq. to dent-.

    on the same level. sV 2. equally, comparably. -Syn. See b'l11.


    v v

    thab-' V 1. to put on top of, overlay, superimpose. 2. to run over. 3. to press. 4. co 11 o q. (animal)tohaveintercourse. -..Dist. rJl'U. 2. idiom. to

    'Yllil

    bTl

    in '111il'I11'W

    thadthaan-' V 1. to withstand,
    w

    oppose, resist. 2. to advise against, warn against.


    'Yl'W than-' V 1. to be on time, in time. 2. to overw

    rJ'U b1:J.J tMbthl)m-' V 1. to pile up.

    criticize, defame.

    rl'Urf~rJ thabsab-' V 1. to borrow a word (from


    another language); to transliterate. 2. to be borrowed; to be transliterated.
    'W eJ 'W V!G1'U rl'U ~ rJ

    take, catch up with, to. sV 3. in time, on time. 4. able to overtake, catch up with, to.
    rl'WA1'W thankhwan-' idiom. immediately, right

    1f n:):)nlab-'- tMb-' s l d-'

    i d i o m.

    away, suddenly.
    rl'W 1 <il thancaj' fast, fast enough. rl'W11il thandaj' suddenly, immediately.

    to be neglectful in exercising one's rights (as when failing to vote in an election). -co mp.
    rl'U ll ( Vli~ TI'UTI:J..I
    'IJ

    tMb-' (lan')

    N dwelling place. tMbthim' N 1. pomegranate

    ( 61fl, 1 'U, t:.Ji;J, bjjlil)

    'Yl'WIJJ 1 bVl'W thantaa-'hen-' 1. immediately; in time.

    "'

    (lt1ug-', baj/, pMn-'). 2. ruby (med-').


    TI~

    2. in time to see (it): "in time for the eyes to see. "

    ( TI~)

    tMb-' (tMb-')

    N troop, army.

    ...,.Chiefly in

    compounds.

    ~~

    233
    n eH rJ'W ( n 1n rJ'W)

    '111 m

    b:::>:utMbl (b::>utMbl)

    N 1.

    "' Fl'Jl:JJb'VI'W.
    rJA'W19~ th<idsanaalc::>::>ni*V eleg.to sightsee.
    rJfl tJlJ Jl1 'W

    the armed forces (of a country). 2. an army, force; troop, forces.


    ~

    thadsaniil j a pMabl * N e 1 e g. (natural)

    o n 81'!'l'W'Un k::>::>tJthablbogl N army. 'll'U . o n8~rl'Wb!8

    -Abbrev.
    '111

    scenery. thaal V 1. to paint, smear. 2. to coat, apply, spread (on). 3. to be painted.


    '111 b'Wtl '111L1 1 n

    k::>::>tJthablryal N navy.

    -+Abbrev.

    m.
    o n 8 ~ rl'W 81 n 1 A k::>::>tJthabl?aakaadl N airforce.

    thaan8ajl to spread butter (on), to butter. thaapaagl V to put on lipstick, apply lip-

    -+Abbrev. '118.

    stick.
    ( thabl)

    '11'W'U n ( '11'W )

    thcibbbg I

    N army, military

    '111 ~

    thaaslil V 1. to paint, cover with paint.


    I

    land forces.

    2. to be painted, covered with paint. '1.11


    mtethabl (khonl, naajl) general,

    ~--

    bb~rl'W
    rJ'WY1
    J.,

    ( Fl'W, 'W 1lJ)

    painter (workman).

    commander in chief, leader of an army.

    ~'111
    '111
    0! (

    siithaal N paint.
    '111 , bb 'VI~ ) tMal (tMal, hf:tJI)

    " ( 1111 :JJ,

    el'W)

    thabphii/ (d~aml, ?ani)

    N ladle.

    N 1. port,

    '111 tht1al V 1. to be all over, to be general. sV 2.

    harbor. 2. pier, wharf, landing.


    '111 9 'W thaaciinl pN co 11 o q. Tha<::hin (Tachin), a
    I "'

    thoroughly, all over.


    J.,
    ~

    -Comp. 111618171.

    'll'l n'W tht1a'kan 1 everybody, all (without omitting

    township inC Thailand. (official name).


    tV
    I

    -+Also

    ;;i:W'I1H11F.I~
    9

    anyone).
    'l1 1 bH tht1athyu1 to be all over; to reach everybody,
    J., ""

    o bb:W'W'1'111 9'W mtenaamthftaciinl pN the Tha<::hin

    be well-distributed.
    J.,
    I

    (Tachin) River.
    Q

    '11'l~nbL'Vl~
    J.,

    tht1althughtul everywhere.

    'Wl b ~ 8

    ( bb'VI~, '111) tMaryal (hul, tMal)

    N 1. -+Dis t.

    '11 1 t.J:i : -; b'11 A tht1alprath@edl all over the country.

    harbor, port, seaport. 2. pier, wharf.


    8 b :J 8.
    'U
    I

    m l tJ, 'I1J
    o Fl'W '11 'J l
    J.,

    J.,

    J.,

    "]

    l tJ

    tht1apajl, th11atht1alpaj

    all over,

    "'

    in general; of the general run; general.

    '11181 n 1 A ( bb VH )

    tMa?aakaad' (hf:ul)

    N rare

    tJ khon1tht1apajl people in general, the

    airport. [prob. tr. f. Eng.] -+See ;;itJ 1:Wll'W.

    public.
    o

    b~eH'I11
    doojtht1apajl in general, generally.
    .!_,

    (b~81)

    myauth~al(myaul)

    N seaport

    LfillJ~'Jli.J
    I

    town.
    '111 ifJ thftal N water.
    v
    "-' I

    oon6l11LfillJ'Il'llLJ klaawldoojtht1apaV generally

    -+Of restricted use.


    "

    -+S y n.

    speaking. o
    J.,

    'W'1. -+May be coupled with 'k\'1 as below.

    l ;;1 ;wvoJ Tll 1 tJ


    ~
    J.,

    samadchaaltht1apajl N General

    111nil1111n'l11
    "-' I

    tognaamltogthftal

    elab. colloq.

    Assembly.
    tldL6ln tht1al6ogl all over the world; world-wide.
    1.!_,

    to fall into the water.


    81'U'W'181'U'I11 ?aabnaaml?aabthf.tal V elab.

    r.l'W111nl:w'111'W1 fontoglmftjtht1afaal idiom. "it's

    colloq. to take a bath, to shower.


    '111 m thftal N 1. manner. C 2. posture, attitude.

    raining here and there" (i.e. not at all points), used figuratively of an event that does not in-

    3. pose (e. g. in a dance).


    I

    clude everyone or everything (e.g. salary raises that are given to some but not to all).
    'VI 1lJ 1 9l:wm '118 ~ Majcajlmajtht1ath::S::>tJI co 11 o q.
    1.!_, V

    171 Ill
    'U

    duuthftal V to look like, look as though;

    judging by appearance, behavior.


    o

    b 6dl171~l9::-; bU'WFI'Wl"i~ khawduultha_al-capen~ 'U


    khonlcajdiil ~ He appears to be a good-natured person.

    to breathe uneasily (as in a tense situation).


    or or
    o

    rJA'W in TI1rlA'W

    ( bb'VI1)

    thiwthadl (hf:ul)

    N scenery,
    I

    view, landscape.
    rJFit.J::-; ( rJAt.J::-;,

    '111 ~ '111 thO.authftal N presense, attitude, bearing,

    8~ 1 ~)

    thadsana?l*(tMdsana?l, jaaul)

    manner, poise.
    'lll b

    N e 1 e g. 1. point of view, opinion. 2. vision, sight. -+Also spelled


    '11~ ~A'W::-;.

    AlJ 'J

    tM.adiawl 1. one pose. 2. solely, only

    -+Syn. 1.

    (to ... ), nothing but ( ... - ing).

    'YI1 m

    234
    J_,
    I "'

    o eJ tJ 1 n 'l ::;'hH 't11 b li1 tJ 'llb V!iil::; jaagcan~n'thaadiaw':::: lf:? l


    'YI1'YI1 i

    2. ~ fj.
    fl'Wiildir'l6l::;'t11~
    I

    (I) want only to sit down. thaathaan' N actions, manner, mien,

    khonlathfd'lathaau' elab. colloq.

    each one in a different direction.


    'l.ieJ ~'YI1 i

    bearing.
    'YI1 'YI
    I "'

    ( '111 ~)

    cMuthaan' (thaau')

    N 1. way,

    thaa'thii/ N 1. attitude, outlook. 2. indica'eo~


    9
    I
    Col

    means. 2. chance, opportunity.


    I

    tion.
    <V

    'l.i:W'I11~

    (bb'V!~)

    chumthaau' (hen')

    N road junction,

    o tJ 1lm.J'YI1'YI janmajmii/-tMa'thii/ there is still no indication.


    I

    crossroads.
    d\'W 'YI1 i

    daanthaan' V to travel, take a trip.

    'Yio1'YI1 thamthaa' V 1. to assume an attitude,

    -+See cross reference for examples.


    b ~'W'YI1 ~
    lfl

    manner. 2. to act, strike a pose.


    'W iilllil 'YI1 phlaadth~a' V 1. to make a false step,

    daan'thaan::::

    to walk by way of, along.

    b ~'W 't11

    ~ b1'W'W1 V!ij
    doojthaan::::

    d8an'thaanthan6njaj' to walk

    a wrong move, a slip. 2. by mischance, if by mischance.


    "'I J.J'YI1 'l 1 miithaa'w:1a::::

    along the main roads.


    LAtl'YI1 ~

    1. by way of. 2. by (such

    there are some indications


    I

    and such) means, in (such and such a) way.


    'YI1'YI1 ~

    that, it appears that.

    th:1athaan' N actions, manner, mien,

    l~bV'W~1

    majpentMa' 1. to be awkward, ungainly.

    bearing.
    'YI11n 1tJ

    2. awkwardly, ungracefully; not in the usual manner, not in the accepted manner.
    'l 1 ~ 'YI1 waanth~a' V to put on airs, to pose.

    thaankaaj' physical; physically, bodily. N 1. official source, govern-

    '111 ~ n 1 s thaankaan'

    ment source. 2. (as n. mod.) official. o 'iJ 1 'l 't11 ~ n 1 ~ khaaw'thaaukaan' official news.
    0

    "' bV!'W'YI1 henthaa' V to get an indication of (a situation), sense a situation.


    t::
    I I Q

    l?l1 :W'YI1 ~ n 1 s taam'thaaukaan' officially. bV'W'YI1 ~ n 1 ~


    .;j

    o b'V!'W'YI1lJ.Jli1 henthaa'majdii/ tosenseabad situation.

    o
    '111

    penthaau'kaan' officially. thaankaanmyau' political, politically.

    n 1 ~ b eJ ~

    1;~ 1 Mjth~a'

    V idiom. (a woman) to encourage

    eJoTW 1 ~ fl1 ~ n1 S b eJ ~

    fl

    ?amn:ladlthaa:gkaanmya:gl

    (a man's) advances; to play Cupid, encourage or arrange for a fellow and a girl to get together.
    'YI1

    political power.
    'YI1 ~ l n 6l

    thaanklaj' N long distance.

    '1111 'iJ 'l 1 eJ

    thaankhwi1amyy' to the right, on the

    c.: thaa/ V to wait. -+Chiefly in compounds.


    -syn.
    fleJtJ,~eJ.

    right.
    'YI1 ~ 'iJ 1:W
    J' '111 ~ '/J'W

    ( 't11 ~)

    thaankhaam' (thaau')

    N (pedes-

    fl eJ tJ 'YI1 kh;,;,jtMa/ V to wait, wait for.


    ~

    trian) crosswalk.
    ( 't11 ~)
    thaankh~'

    eJ 'YI1 r;,;,thaa' V to wait.

    (thaan')

    N runway

    LAtJl~~eJ~1

    dooj'-majr;,;,lthaa' without wait-

    (for planes).
    '111 H 'iJ 1 ( 't111 )

    ing, without hesitation.


    't11 thaa' V to challenge, dare, defy. 'YI1 '!11 tJ th<iathaaj' V to challenge, defy.

    thaankhaw' (thaan')

    N 1. a way -Opp. '111


    ~

    in. 2. entrance, entryway, inlet.


    't11 ~ "l ~ 1 "l s

    eJ eJ n.

    thaan'caraac;,;,n' N traffic lane. thaancld'. thaaucldcaj' mental,

    mn ( i'l) tMag' (tua') N 1. land leech. 2. garden slug.


    ~

    '111 ~ ~ 171, 'YI1 ~ ~ l?l1 "l

    mentally. N land snail,


    '111 ~

    VI eJ tJ 'YI1 n

    ( l?l 'l ) h:SjtMag' (tua')

    1 "l

    thaaucaj' mental, mentally.

    garden snail (Gastropoda).


    't11 ~
    (

    '1111 , ~ 1 tJ, b~'W) thaau' N 1. way, path,


    s~n').

    "' b"' 't11 ~ '1.111 ~:J e:Jn thaau'cMauphyag' N the Milky Way. "'
    'YI1 i'111tJ:WeJ

    ..

    thaansaajmyy' to the left, on the left.

    road, route, trail (thaau'. saaj',

    2. way,

    '!11.;jA01btJ'\..l

    ('111~) thaau'damn88n' (thaan')

    means (thaau'). 3. by way of, via; toward; in, through. C 4. elf. for roads, etc. (see mngs.
    I

    eleg. way, path, procedure.


    't11

    ~ b~'W
    saaj',

    ( 'YI1

    ~ , ~ 1 tJ ,

    b;'\..l)

    thaa!Jd8an' (thaan'.

    l, 2). -Syn. 1.

    1:1'\..l'W,iil

    '1J

    com.,~~ eleg.

    s~n')

    N 1. path, trail. 2. channel.

    235
    '111 thaa:gtro:gl N 1. the straight path, the ..., directway. 2. directly. --+Opp.'l11~88:W.
    ~'l1Vl1

    ~A :l ~

    way. 2. detour. 3. indirectly, by indirect means. -Opp. '!111 eJ 1 n 1 Fi


    0

    'l11~A:l~.

    '111

    :l

    thaa:gthahaanl military.

    thaa:g? aakaadl by air.

    '111 ~rlfi l Vl'Wel thaa:gthidnyal to the north, on the north, northward. ..., '111 nh thaa:gmiaml N 1. waterway. 2. by water. '111 Hl thaa:gnfil this way, over this way. '111 ~ 'U n thaa:gbOgl by land .
    ~

    no1sl~'l11-leJ1n1Fi kamla:glthaa:g?aakaadl milit.

    air power. '11111 -l


    d

    uVl-l , '11) thtilthaa:gl (he:gl, thtil) N 1.


    namthaa:gl V to lead the way. fl'W--, ~-

    lot (for a house or building). 2. place. li1'111-l

    ..,

    '111

    ~'U

    TW thaa:gManl colloq. the folks at home. '111-l

    guide. ll 'W 'l '111 -l neewthaa:g I N direction, trend. 1. in (such and such)

    -ct.
    'l11 '111-l
    ~

    n 'l.ln 1 :l . ~ lu nr&t.i"' thaa:gprajsaniil


    1'W ( '111
    ~

    by mail. N passage-

    1'W'l11-l

    najthaa:gl, najthaa:g::::

    ) thaa:gphaanl (thaa:gl)

    a way. 2. on the way, along the way. NOTE. In many instances this expression corresponds

    way. '!11-lllt.Jn ('111-l) thaa:gjeegl (thaa:gl) N 1. side

    to English -ly; see examples. o 1 'W '111 -l :lJ'I.IeJ'U najthaa:glmfch~'lJbl in an unlawful manner, illegally. o 1'W'l11-l6AS"cl-~Tl'l najthaa:gl-seedlthakidl 1. from the economic standpoint. 2. in an economical way; economically. bU'W'l11-l penthaa:gl 1. asaway(to). 2. intheform of a line, in a line.

    road, road or path branching off the main thoroughfare, roads branching from a fork. 2. branch line. '111 -l :l Dl ~ siiajl) o ( '111 -l , 611 tJ ) thaa:glr6dfajl (thaa:gl, N 1. railway, railroad. 2. by rail. doojthaa:gl r6dfajl by railway.

    L111 tJ '111 ~ S Dl ~
    by rail.

    '111 ~ :l blt.J'WA :l
    I

    ( 611 tJ)

    thaa:glr6djonl (saajl)

    N 1.

    l tJ 111'111-l p88dthaa:gl V 1. to open the way (to). 2. to yield the right of way. il'l11-l miithaa:gl there is a way, a means; it is possible. o

    highway. 2. by automobile. '111 -l :l 'l lJ ( '111-l , 611 tJ) thaa:grtlaml (thaa:gl, siiajl) N junction or merging street or highway. '!11 ~ :l1 'l.ln 1 :l thaa:gradchakaanl 1. official(ly). 2. co 11 o q. the government, the authorities. --+Cf. '111 ~ 'U 1 'W . '!11 H ~ eJtl'W ( 611 tJ) thaa:gryabinl (saajl) air route. 2. by plane, by air. '111 ~61111 ( '111 ~) thaa:gladl (thaa:gl) N short cut. N 1.

    1~il'l11 ~
    ~

    mjmiithaa:gl there is no way, no

    means; it is impossible. lbtln'l11 jeegthaa:gl to go separate ways. raja?lthaa:gl N distance.

    :l~t.J:::'l11~

    Sd.J'l11~

    rimthaa:gl N wayside. ( 61 'l111 ) Iauthaa:gl (Iauthaa:gl)


    'V

    61 'l11 -l
    'V

    N means,

    '111 -l1'11t.J 1 Fi 161 A:l thaa:gwidthajaasaadl scientific. '111 ~ Gfbl! 'l :l saajl)
    ( 'l11

    "'

    way.

    ~ , 611 tJ ) thaa:gl siinc:x:ml (thaa:gl,

    ~~'l11-l wfthlilthaa:gl N eleg. way, path.


    ~

    N eleg. 1. thoroughfare, passageway.

    111 '111 -l

    sudthaa:g I
    ('l11~)

    N the end of the road. N 1. road, way.

    2. any area traversed by pedestrian or vehicular traffic. '111-l Vl61 d -l ( '111-l 611 tJ) thaa:glua:gl (thaa:gl, saajl)

    Vl'W'l11-l

    hi5nthaa:gl (thaa:gl)

    2. means . o Vl'W'l11~llnl'tJ

    ..,

    ('!11-l)

    Mnthaa:glktekhajl (thaa:gl)

    N Royal Highways; public highways. '111 ~ l Vl<fieJ thaa:gnyal in the north. 'l11HJ8n ('111-l)
    thaa:g?~~gl(thaa:gl)

    N remedial means; a remedy (e.g. for a difficulty).


    0

    Vld.JI11Vl'W'l111

    modlh<:>nthaa:gl to have no way, no

    N 1. away

    means (to do something). Vl611'111-l li'S:gthaa:gl toloseone'sway,getlost. 'l11-l L2l

    out. 2. exit, outlet. o

    --+Opp. 'l11-ll'tJ1. thereisno

    l~iJ'l11-leJeJn mjmiilthaa:g?~~gl
    ..,
    thaa:g?;'l~m!

    ('l11~)

    thaa:gl(thaa:gl)

    N 1. midrib(ofthe

    way out (used both literally and figuratively). '111-l eJeJ:W N 1. an indirect, roundabout

    coconut palm leaf). 2. frond, leaf (of a type attached to the trunk or main stem).

    236
    'fll HJ ~vo 1 1
    ( 't11
    ~)

    thaaumaphraawl (thaaul)

    1.

    ter. It was formerly used of the wives of

    midrib of the coconut palm pinnate leaf. 2. coconut palm pinnate leaf.
    '1'1 s 11 . '111'W
    ~
    ~Dis

    t.

    fll'Wd-J~-

    "'

    'U 1 ~ 111 'W baautha.nt e 1 e g. some (referring to

    people);somepeople. -+Syn.
    I

    'Ul~Fl'W

    com.

    thaanl N 1. alms. 2. gift, donation.

    '1'111! i

    111'W

    phana?ltMnl T eleg. def. 1.

    'J i:.l111'W k:h:'J;,thaanl V 1. to beg, ask for alms (as

    Honorable--. P 2. Your Excellency, His Excellency. -Used in speaking to or about high


    '1'111! i

    a beggar). N 2. short for


    'I'IS~n'li'fll'W

    Fl'W--

    beggar.

    phnira.adlchathaanl V roy. togive, -+S y n. See

    officials. NOTE. Also written i


    '1'111! i
    ~

    and The

    present, grant, confer.

    1~.

    and sometimes incorrectly 'I'IU!lll'W.


    "-' I

    1~'l11'W

    ha.jthaanl to give alms. Mjlpenthaan/ to give as alms, give

    formal reading is ca.awl-tha_nl.


    'I'IS~'l11'W phra?lth~n8

    'I'IU!V11 l "ll 'lll'W phana?lhua8

    1~lD'Wll1'W

    as charity.
    'lll'W lfl thaanl V 1. to resist, oppose, withstand.

    P colloq.

    1. he, him,

    the god, the holy being. 2. he, him, the priest.


    'l11'U tha.abl V to put over, place over, lay on top (e.g.

    2. to support. 3. to proofread, check against (the original).


    fill 'W 'lll 'W ta.anthaan/ to resist, afford resistance

    .a piece of cloth used as a patch). -+Dist. rl'U.


    tll'Utlld-J
    th~abthaaml

    V to sound out, make discreet

    against. n 1 :1--

    resistance.

    or indirect inquiries.
    '111d-J in tll d-J in 't11'U'I11d-J. See entry above.

    tl'W'I11'W thonthaanl V to be enduring, lasting,

    durable.
    tll'W ... i:.l~ thaanl ... juul V toberesistantto. tll'W
    IJl

    ~ 1 d-Jfl ~ 1 ~

    , 1 'W--

    th~amklaaut, najtha.amklaaul

    in the middle of, in the midst of, amid, among.


    111 tJ
    0J

    thaanl V eleg. to take (food or drink), eat,

    thaajl V 1. to predict, prognosticate. 2. to -+Syn. 1.


    'llol'Wltl

    drink (something). Shortened form of :i''ULJ S ~111'W.

    guess.

    eleg.

    -+Syn. See

    rl'W.

    l~tl~'llltl
    'fll tJ [;]
    ~

    slauthaajl V 1. to divine, practise

    111'W ct: thaanl. Shortened form of LJ :1 ~ 'lll'W. tll'W 1 m.f thaanth6odl co 11 o q. Excuse me! Short

    divination. 2. to cast lots. thaajl See the following entries. tMgthaajl V to greet, speak to. thaathaajl V to challenge, defy. --+0 p p.

    for

    'Ji:.ltJs~m'W1'11'tf. -+Syn.

    'JeJ1ll'tf com.

    'flfl '!11 tJ 'l11111 tJ

    'l11'W tha.nl* P eleg.def. l.you.

    2. he,him,she,

    her, they, them. T 3. title placed in front of cer- Til tJ thaajl N rear, end, rear end, tail end.
    ~

    tain nouns indicating rank (usually in order to show additional respect). 4. title placed before the first names of, or before relationship terms referringto Vld-Jeld-Jl"l1. C 5. eleg. elf. for
    :;
    1;

    Vl'J .

    vn ~ 'l11 t1

    phl!a.utMajl V 1. to have in tow, to pull

    along behind (e.g. a trailer). 2. colloq. to trail (e.g. a degree after one's name).
    ~lilt!
    "'

    human beings. -In mng. 1. paired with 'iJ 1'1'1 l Ol 1 I, me. -Syn. 1.
    I

    ra.uthaajl

    to be the last (e.g. in line or

    ~11!

    com. 2. l'J1

    com.
    61
    ~

    in rank).
    '111 t1

    '111 'W m \J 1 ~

    1:;

    th~nlthaupuau I

    e 1 e g. you all, all of

    lo.uthaajl V l.. to be at the end. 2. to end,

    you.
    '111'WmV1611tl tha.n 1 tMulaajl eleg. all of you.
    1;

    bring to an end, close. sV 3. finally, at last.


    {;j 111 '111 t1

    sudtMajl V to be last, final. ha.jthaajl V to back, support, take sides

    Used in addressing a crowd.


    '111 'W r:.J ~ ~ '11 ~ V1611 t1 tMnphl!ufau ltha.u laaV e 1 e g.
    'IJ
    I

    1Vl'l11 tl
    'llltl1'11
    'U

    9 "' ...

    'U

    1:;

    with (usually covertly).


    (Fl'W)
    thaaj~adl

    all you who are listening, all you listeners.

    (k:honl)

    N eleg. heir. N

    'lll'Wr:.JVI~~ tha.nphllujlul T eleg. def. 1. Lady--.


    'IJ
    I

    i''IJ'I11t1111

    (i:.IHl)

    radchathaa 1 ja_adl (?oul)

    P 2. Her Ladyship, Madame. NOTE. 11 TWtJV!~ '1


    'IJ

    roy. royal heir, heir to the throne.


    '111 S fl ( fi'W)

    is a title conferred upon a woman of the highest rank, e.g. the wife of the present prime minis-

    thaar6g 1 (k:hon 1 ) -+S y n.

    N e leg. baby, infant,

    child.

    "' n i:.l ww com. b F1

    '111Hl!.
    9

    237

    '111~rn

    thaarun' V eleg. to be cruel, fierce.


    A'J1:J.J--

    respond to certain English causative suffixes, e.g. -en (frighten), -fy, -ify (simplify), -ize (neutralize), and others (cleanse); 1st, 4th, 5th, and 6th examples. o 1i''Wrf1'l;i:i:W&ln'l" n.1n/ thamhajpMm/tbgcaVl That frightens me. That makes me frightened. o rf1'l ;; 1 ~ n1u otJ ~'W thamMjr.1aukaaj/?bb?i)n/ to warm the body, cause the body to be warm.

    cruelty.

    -+Syn. L'VIIil;1tJ N slave.

    com.

    '11161

    ( FI'W) tMadl ~khonl)

    Fl 'J 1 :l.J l U'W '11161 khwaampenth~ad' N slavery,

    bondage.

    rh tham' V 1. to do, perform, commit. 2. to make,


    produce, manufacture. 3. to be made, produced, manufactured. 4. to make as if, feign, pretend.

    o rf11;Fili11'l11'1 thamMjkhfd/pajw.1a/ to make


    one think that.

    5. to let, make, cause (see Note 1 ). Fl'ki-maker, doer.


    NOTE 1.

    rh'l; ~ 1 ~

    thamMju.1aj/ to simplify, make easy.

    o rfl'l; bo\hw~ 1 ~ thamMj/penklaau/ chem. to


    neutralize.

    -+Dis t.

    n eJ.

    o '1111 ;~., 811i1 thamMjsa?bd/ to cleanse, make

    rh is used as a transitivizer for a 'tll may be translated rather literally

    clean.
    0

    number of basically media-passive verbs. In this use

    n eJ n ~ ~ :l.J'I11 b"1Jb1j

    <:

    k~::>kam'thamkhen'

    e 1 a b.

    as "let, make, cause/' but it is often simply

    co 11 o q. to cause trouble, do evil, commit crimes.


    fl1S'I11l'VI:l.JeJ~ll~
    0 "'

    implied in English through the transitive use of the English verb. Thus

    rf1tf1l.Jbb&ln means

    "to break dishes" or, more literally, "to make the dishes break, cause the dishes to break." The noun referring to the entity being acted upon follows rf1 and precedes the media-passive verb. If no noun is used, it is understood from the immediately preceding context. A list of the most important expressions requiring

    kaantham 1 myanrte' N ore-min-

    ing.

    l.;~ 11,J'Yf1 d~ajnaan'tham'


    have a job.
    n'1rl'U'iJ11

    1. to get a job. 2. to

    "'

    thamkabkh~aw' V com. tocook.


    -syn.
    'li~lel1'VI1S
    9

    fl'W--

    lf1 in this use is as follows:


    rh ( ... ) &l n tham/( ... )tbg/ to drop (smthg.),
    let (smthg.) drop:
    ~n

    cook.
    '11'1n 1 :l
    J
    0

    eleg.

    thamkaanl V to work, do work.


    ( ll'VI~)

    to drop (of itself).

    rf1 ( ... ) bllil n tham/(, .. )tt:eg/ to break, smash


    (smthg.): smashed.
    bbi;J n to break, get broken, get

    o 'l1'111fl 1 ~

    thtithamkaan' (hen')

    N office.

    o :i61:iJrhn 1 ~

    nidsamlilthamkaan' N effective

    radius, range of operation.

    tf1 ( ... ) i}w tham/(, .. )bln/ to nick, chip (the


    edge or blade of smthg. ): chipped.

    ~'\J

    to get nicked,

    '11'1n 1 :l fl'WA 'J 1 thamkaan'kh6nkhwaa' to do research. n'1fl1 :l :l'U thamkaanlr6b' to do fighting, do battle. n'1n ~ tJ 1 tham'kl rijaa' to act, perform an action,

    rh ( ... ) b11'v'\J tham/(, .. )p9an/ to soil (smthg.):


    b

    15'v'\J

    to get soiled, dirty.

    rh ( ... ) 1 1' tham/(, .. )rOau/ to make (smthg.)


    fall off: l 'l
    ~

    go through a motion.
    n'1ln+ thamkAjl V to feign ignorance or innocence;

    to fall off (as leaves).

    th ( ... ) dit.J tham/(,.. )sia/ to spoil (smthg.):


    b ~ to get spoiled, get out of order.

    to play dumb.

    1f1 ( ... ) '11~'\J tham/( ... )Ibn/ to make (smthg.)


    fall off:
    '11~'\J

    1'h'i.i 1b11 thamkhwAn' V 1. to perform a ceremony


    in order to encourage and strengthen. 2. to make compensation for injury done (to another).
    I

    to fall off (as leaves).

    lfl ( . . . ) '11~ ~ tham/( ... )lud/ to let (smthg.) slip

    (e.g. out of one's hand): get loose.

    '11~~

    to slip (away),

    o A1'11,1"1J'Jb1j kh1ia'thamkhwAn' N compensation, indemnity (for personal injury or damage).


    '11'1fl S'J thamkhrua' V to do cooking; to cook,

    rh ( ... ) 'l-In tham/( ... )hbg/ to spill (smthg.):


    'l-In to spill (of itself).

    rh ( ... ) Vln tham/(, .. )h~g/ to break (smthg.)


    (off):

    Vln

    to break off (of itself).

    prepare food.
    n'1Fl 'J 1 :l.J thamkhwaam' V to cause or initiate some-

    rfl( ...

    )'111~ tham/( ... )hilaj/ to lose, misplace

    (smthg.): '111U to disappear.

    thing which results in bad, unpleasant, or undesirable consequences.

    NOTE 2. True causative expressions are made


    by means of the word

    rh'l;

    "to cause (to do

    '1'(1WJ1:l.Jlfl1)'1'l thamkhwaam'khawr6bl V to salute,

    smthg.), make (do smthg.)"; 1st, 2nd, and 3rd examples. The word may also frequently cor-

    pay respect to. tham 1 khwaamphld' V 1. to commit

    rh

    238

    a crime. 2. to do wrong. -co mp. rh~A.


    'YhFl11:W~::;eJ1A thamkhwaam'sa?aad' V to do

    rfTUnJ
    9

    thambun' V perform meritorious deeds

    (such as the giving of alms): "to make merit."


    't1'1 6il'W'Yl eJ

    the cleaning, clean (a room, house, etc.).


    rh ~ TW thamuaan' V to do work, to work. Fl'W- -

    ~ l~ ;;eJ'W thampenth;:,;:,:n'm~jniur:'bn'
    'U

    idiom. to feign or pretend indifference; to act as though unaffected.


    rh~A thamphld' V 1. to make a mistake, make

    worker.

    o r1'1~ 1'W'Vi'IYn ~ thamnaan'nagnag' V 1. to work


    hard. 2. to do hard work.
    d
    0

    anerror. 2. todowrong.:Comp.

    '11'1Fl'.J1:W~A.

    o 'tl'l11 ~ 1'W ( 6L'Vi~, 't1) thtithamuaan' {he:n'. thti')


    N office, place to work.
    't1'1-iJ'1 thamchQal V to do evil.

    o 't1'1~Ant;~'Vi:W1tl
    law.

    thamphld'kbdmaajl to break the

    ..,

    -+Opp. '11'1A.
    1. to make (some-

    't1'1:W1'Vi1ll'W

    thammaa'M~akin' V to earn a living .

    't1'1 ( .. ) A'J rJ tham'( ... )dQaj::::

    n 1 S-- making a living, earning a living; occupation, livelihood.


    't1'1l:w. 't1'1s 1tl
    '1.'

    thing) out of (something else). 2. (something) to be made out of (something else) .

    ..,

    See main entry below. thamraaj' V eleg. to do harm; to harm.


    I

    o 't1'1A'JrJVI'W tham'dCajhln' to make of stone,


    be made of stone.
    rf'lA thamdii' V to do good.
    "'

    o '11'1 ~ 1 tJ s 1 ~ n 1 tJ -+Opp.
    't11'li'.J.
    0

    thamraaj'da:nkaaj' V to assault,

    J.,

    cause bodily injury.


    't1'1l;
    1

    't1'1 ( ... ) 111 n tham( ... )tog' to drop (something),

    thamr~V
    cr'

    V to do farming, do crop-farming.

    let (something) drop. See Note 1 under 't1"1.


    't1'1R'J thamtua' V to behave, act, make oneself

    -Comp. 't1'1'W1.
    I
    c:r"

    rh 6 61 'Vin s::; 6 'tl'Vi thaml!e'krath~e' to act cunningly,

    {be).

    practise deceit.
    rhfin

    l'h11119J~'U ~ thamtaa'prlbprlb' V to blink the


    eyes repeatedly (e.g. when stunned by defeat or sorrow).
    't1'11111:W thamtaam' V 1. to do accordingly, as

    thamsyg' V to make war; to war.

    -syn.

    't1'1~~FlS1:W.

    't1'1~ ~ Fl ~ 1:W

    tham'sO:nkhraam' V to make war; -+Syn. 't1'1fin.

    to war.
    't1'1~'J'W

    bidden. 2. to do according to (an order, a model). 3. to imitate, copy (e.g. the actions of another).
    r!"11111:Wll'U'U thamltaambhb'

    thamstian' V to do gardening, orchard gardener,

    work, plantation work. Fl'W-orchardist, plantation worker.

    to follow the

    '11'1GfnJnJ1

    tham'sanjaa' V to make a contract, an

    pattern, imitate. ' '11'11111:Weltl 1 ~ tham'taamjaa:n' V to imitate.


    '11'1 ( .. ) 66111 n tham( ... )thg' to break, smash

    agreement.
    't1'1 6 ~tl

    tham'sfal Do it! tham'( ... )sla' to spoil (something).

    ri"1( .. ) 6~tl

    (something) (e.g. dishes). See Note 1 under 't1'1.


    I

    rh 6 ~tl ~!iT~ tham'sla:nda:n' V to make a loud noise,


    to be noisy.
    't1'1 ( . ) 'Vin
    .., d

    't1'1'111 thamth~a' V 1. to assume an attitude,

    manner. 2. to act, strike a pose.


    't1'1Lmr thamth6od' V topunish,penalize. -Syn. &HLm:f com. 6Hrlni.'f1.~

    tham'( ... )hog' to spill (something),


    't1'1 .

    let (something) spill. See Note 1 under

    eleg.

    't1'1'Vi'W 1 't1 tham'n~athti' to do duty {for), do the

    o r;m 'tl' 1Lrl'l1 thuugthamth6od' V to be punished, be penalized.


    rh'W 1 thamnaa' v

    duties {of), serve the function of.


    't1'1 ( .. ) ~n

    tham'( ... )bag' to break (something)

    to farm, do rice-farming. -co mp. 't1'1l S


    1

    off (unintentionally), cause (something) to break, break off, break ~part. See Note 1 under 't1'1.
    't1'1( . )'Vi1tl

    n 1 s-- rice-farming.

    't1'1 ( ... ) 'U 1 A as in 't1'1ijA'U 1A thammtidbaadl

    tham( ... )haaj' to lose, misplace

    to get cut by a knife, cut (oneself) on a knitt. "to let a knife cut (one). "
    't1'1'U 19J thambaab' V to commit a sin; to sin.

    (something). See Note 1 under


    't1'1'Vi'tl'J'W61:W
    'U

    rh.

    thamhtiu'thuanlom' idiom. to pretend

    not to hear, turn a deaf ear.

    239

    rh1 ;( thamh~j:::; to cause (to do something), make


    (do something). See Note 2 under main entry. NOTE. This expression is distinct in meaning from rh ( . ) 1;( ( ...

    3. phys. to smash (atoms). tion, demolition.

    f11:l--

    destruc-

    '1'1"16118~1:1~
    I

    thamlaajlsathl?tl?l V sport. to

    which means "to do,

    break a record.
    '111 b R ( bb'VI~)

    make (something) for (someone):'


    o rh"l;(d]lil

    thamleel (hf::gl)

    N location.

    thamMjk~~d'

    V to bring about, give

    " ~ ~ thf:gl V 1. to leave, desert, abandon, run away


    from (husband, wife). 2. to throw (away), discard, jettison. 3. to mail (letters), drop (into the mailbox). 4. to drop, release (bombs). -+Often coupled with R::; .
    b Fl :l eJ ~ '\.J'W TI ~ ~::; b'\.J lil
    d
    A .:--' A

    rise to, produce, create, cause.


    oori"1'1 ;( di lil 111 Hb; ~ 61 f1
    'IJ

    thamMjk8~d'-kaanthte:g':::;

    lQug' to bring about abortion.


    'YheJ'Wiil:l1tJ

    thaml?antaraajl V tohurt,harm,

    injure; to do harm.

    ( 61 1)

    khr9a:gbinlthf:grab8~d'

    rh b eJ ~ tham?ee:g' V to do, make by oneself. Hrh (1B) wfthii'tham'(wfthiil) N thewayto


    do, the method of doing (something), procedure.
    I

    (lam')
    TI eJ lil ~ ~ J-' I
    G./

    N bomber.

    th~::>dthf:gl V to neglect, abandon, desert.

    '11~f1'W~8

    thf:glkanlQjl colloq. to leave (one's

    'Yh'W'\.J

    ( 'Yh'W'\.J, bb'V!~) thamn6bl (thamn6bl, he:g')


    .,)

    N
    v

    opponent) far behind; to outscore by a wide margin.

    dam.
    'Yh'WeJ~

    -co mp. b'IHJ'W.


    thamn~KliJ' (thamn::>::>:gl) N 1. mel-

    (TI"1'Wel~)

    ~ ~ '11 1 1 ~ thf:g'khw~a:gl V 1. to throw aside, discard,


    neglect (things). 2. to forsake, desert, abandon (a person).
    v

    ody, tune. C 2. manner, mode, way. 3. in the manner of, like. o

    1'WTI"1'W eJ ~ ~
    way.

    'IJ

    najthamn::>::>:g'khuu' in a threatening

    41 ~ "llilVI:W 18 thf:glcodma.ajl V to mail a letter;

    o l'WTI"1'Wel~ bAtl1Jl'W(Jl'\.J) najthamn::>::>:g'-diaw'kan:::; (ka:::;) in the same manner (as), in the same way (as).
    TI"1'Wel~ b'WI:H (TI"1'Wel~)

    ~ (... ) 1
    1;.

    (Brit.) to post a letter.

    tJ thf:gl( ... )paj to throw (something)


    v

    away, discard (something). -Dist. ~~ ( ... )


    .... ~ ~ 61 f1 ~::; b{j lil thf:gllQugraM~d' V to drop bombs, 'IJ

    thamn::>::>:glphlee:gl (tham:::;

    n::>::>:gl)
    '11"1\J 1tJ

    N melody, tune.

    thamnaajl V to foretell, prophesy, prognosprophecy. [conv.f. TI1tJ]

    (... )1; (... ) ~8


    b
    v
    ~
    q_,

    to bomb.

    thf:gl( ... )wajl

    V to leave (something) ... )ltJ,

    ticate. Fl"1-'11"1'W in

    (incertainplace).

    -Dist.~(

    ~~

    '

    '111'W'\.J"1 ~ ~ thamm]?lbamru:g' V 1. to nour-

    ish. 2. to tend with care (as plants). 3. to improve. -+Com p. TI::; 'W'\.J"1 :1 ~
    I

    '

    '

    ( ... H~8.
    thf:g'( ... )sia to throw (something) away. -Dis t.

    '11"1 btJEJ'\.J

    ( LbVI~, TI"1 btJtJ'\.J)

    thamntabl (hf::gl, tham:::;

    '

    '

    (... )l ;.

    R::;~~
    o

    la?lthf:gl V to abandon, desert, neglect.


    d
    la?thf:g'n~athtil

    ntab')

    N eleg. residence (of high government

    61::;TI~VI'W1'11

    to desert, be a

    official).
    TI 1 b'WtJ'\.J'W 1 tJ f1
    0 "'

    deserter from duty (e.g. a soldier, civil servant). thamntablnaaj6gl N the prime

    6111il~~ b'll~~ saadthf:gltheethi:g'


    to throw out.

    ....

    elab. colloq.

    minister's residence.
    '111 btJ8'\.J ;': '\.J 161 thamntab'nidthabaanl

    N the

    ~3, ~:DE thfdthi?' N eleg. 1. viewpoint, opinion.


    2. stubbornness, obstinacy, stubborn pride. -Also ~'el-3.

    prime minister's office; the government office.


    '1111:W thammajl

    1. why, what for. 2. why? what

    for? how come? NOTE. Possibly originally from '11"11 :l of


    '11"16118

    ~3:W1'W::; thfdthi?-maami?' N eleg. pride and


    perseverance, pride spurring one to perseverance.

    "to do what," with assimilation

    to :w .

    iid.J in 'ti'tJfiJJ (b~~,fin,1i.J,e.J~) 'IJ


    I

    thcibthim' Nl.

    thamlaajl V 1. to destroy, demolish, wipe

    ruby (medl). 2. pomegranate (Iaugl, bajl, pMnl).

    out, ruin. 2. sport. to break (e.g. a record).

    ~:W thtm' V 1. to pierce, thrust in, stab. 2. to be

    240

    pierced.
    ~d

    -+S y n. lilo 1 , bb '11 ~ .

    (~d) thiw' (thiw')

    N 1. range {of mountains)~

    where it is used as a synonym of '111 m "manner." ..., b 'IJ 1 TI khiwthii/ V 1. to be appropriate. 2. to sound all right, look all right, seem all right. 3. be pleasant in appearance, attractive.
    ""., 1rl'Yl

    2. a distant stretch or line (of trees). -+Syn. 1.

    tnvn,~lil.

    '\1 'd

    b 'IJ 1

    ( '\1 'd ) thiwkhaw' (thiw')


    I

    N mountain

    diajlthii/ V 1. to gain the advantage (over

    range.

    one's opponent). 2. fig. to be on top. -+Di st.

    tl'JYJ~'W ( U'l-n) thiwtMd' (h:u') N scenery, view,


    landscape.

    1;t'\JstJ'U.
    lii1J.JTI,nlii1J.JTI

    -Ant.

    t~tJTI.

    taam 1 thii', k~taam'thii' let it be

    '\1 'd 1~ ('\1 1 )


    TIA ( TI~)

    thiwmaajl (thiw')

    N a distant

    (indicating resignation, state of being fed up with something, someone). -+See cross reference.
    t

    stretch or line of trees, a long row of trees. thfd' (thfd') N 1. direction, point of the

    ~:WTI temthii' V 1. to be awful, terrible. sV 2.


    very, quite, awfully, extremely, hopelessly, badly.

    compass.
    NAMES OF THE POINTS OF THE COMPASS

    II 'd ~ TI thOa:uthii' N presence, attitude, deportment, bearing, manner.


    111 TI "",.
    ~'11

    The terms for the points of the compass most often occur as noun modifiers (modifying

    TIA

    if no other noun

    thia 1 thii/ N 1. attitude, outlook. 2. indication. ruuthii' to know what is on someone's mind,

    is specified). However, in simply listing the points of


    the compass, no preceding noun is necessary. Also,

    ""

    following

    1 n , the preceding noun is occasionally

    sense someone else's wishes.

    omitted, as in nn~~ 1'1.1aan "from the east," '11ni!n~1.1 "from the south." Besides the above uses,
    and

    1; "south"
    "' '1 1

    b~tJTI sla 1 thii/ V 1. tolosetheadvantagetoone's


    opponent. 2. to lose, be defeated. -+Ant. 1.

    bvri18 "north'' may also occur as verb modifiers;

    see

    1;,

    b'Hi'lD.

    1;TI.
    1-'-l

    2. U;,

    thii/ C 1. time, instance, occasion. Pt 2. particle of emphasis. -+Syn. 1. See Fl ~ 1 'd.


    v "' d r,1nn'Vi'W~

    Common Terms N
    ~~

    NOTE. Use

    a ?\J.d::>:m/

    b'VI'Wel nya/

    NE 5~ 11.1 ?isi!an/

    E
    SE

    'U>Yi1 buuraphaa/
    ~

    .
    ~

    ~~ fl.IDDn blitH b'fli'la tawan?~::>g/chiaunya/


    ~~11.1EJ8n tawan?~::>g/
    ~

    of

    TI

    as a particle of emphasis derives from a "just this once"; see

    shortening of examples.

    81A bl.l~ '?aakhanee/~"'i'l.IEJEJn bQ~,1~ tawan?~::>g/chiaut!taV

    s
    W

    iln~'W tMgsin/
    \Ja"~lJ pracim/

    1; t!taV
    ~"11.1~n bQ~ 11; tawantbg/chiaut!taV
    ~" ru~n tawantbg/
    ~" ru~n bllu 1 b'fli'la tawantog/chiaunya/

    SW m ~ h~::>radii/

    o 'Vi'W ~ 'Yl, 'Yl'Vi'W ~ n)rothii', thii/ny:u' one time, once. NOTE. 'Vi'W ~ 'Yl
    ll'Vi'W~
    "' d

    "'

    "'

    "'

    is normally used in counting,

    NW Yi 1 ~Yi phaajab/

    otherwise. See also note under main entry.

    b 't!J.J'Yl~

    c:

    ( 8'W) khemthfdl (?an')

    N compass.

    o o

    ,1 ,1

    8 ~ TI s:'>:Jt)thii/ two times, twice.

    fl'WGi:::: ~A 61::::11 '1 ~ khonlathfd'lathaa:u' e 1 a b. colloq.

    1:1-JTI s<lamthii' three times.

    each one in a different direction.

    o 'IJ 8 fl kh:'>:J'thii' L kh:'l:Jthii/ ~ c o 11 o q. Please, to just this once! (requesting that something be stopped). o 'IJ ell 'Yl"efTI kh:'btMod'thii' ~ Excuse me! o

    ~~lil::::-f'Wiiln thid'tawantog' N west. 'WI~-the west, on the west, westward.

    o TI~Iil::::-f'Wiiln lQtH l'VI118 thfd'-tawantog'chia:unya' N northwest.

    'lleJbf,jtJ'Yl
    c: ...,

    kh:'>:J'siathii'~* idem 'IJJfl.


    ~

    ~Aiil::::-f'Wvvn thid'tawan?:):Jg' N east.


    to the east, on the east, eastward.

    111~-

    b ,1

    ~ '1 ~'Wn'W liJTI sed 1 stn'-kanpajthii/~ That's

    the end of that! (expression of relief).

    TI~b; (TI~)

    thidtiajl (thfd')

    N south.

    ml-for seven times, good for seven times," i.e. good luck is intermingled with bad.

    to the south, on the south, southward.

    TI~ b'VI118 ( TIA) thfdnya' (thfd') N north. m ~-to the north, on the north, northward.

    ITWTI thanthii/ prompt; promptly, immediately,


    at once, instantly.
    c>V

    rl"ef~ . See
    ~

    '\13' .

    -+Co mp. Yl'Wblil. when it comes to,

    ~ . thii' the English letter "T." [f. Eng.]


    0J

    <;

    nn'U ... 61:::: n

    thii'ka~ ... lak~:J,__,.

    element occurring in special combinations

    with respect to (such and such an individual or

    241 subject). l1 bA ~mn.rw thii/khraj/-k~thii'man' When it's a fellow's turn, why then, it's his turn! Cf. Eng. "turn about is fair play."
    o:;::,j6)
    c:~
    <V

    l1
    -Dist.l.LbVi61~.

    (9)

    -Syn.l. ~m'Weleg., LbVi~ com.

    o ll'W'Yl o l1
    d

    "'

    kinthti' V to take up room, space. ( l1, el'W)


    d ..,

    d d b '/JtJ~Vi:l

    thtikhla'burlil (thtil, ?ani)

    N ashtray. o rl'W -1 o o
    ..., ~'d:W
    dJ..

    rh ~tJ d

    (1) thiildiaw'; (2, 3) thiidiaw' 1. a single

    ( l1)
    d

    thti~n'

    (thti/)

    N seat, place to sit .

    time. 2. at once; 3rd example. 3. exactly, quite, very; 1st and 2nd examples. and 3 often contracted to o ~f) b ~tJ 'd just fine. o bill fl b ~ tJ 'd thuug'thiidiaw' quite right, exactly
    'II

    l.!:l

    '11

    sOam's:S::>nthti/ two toilet bowls. khawjuu'thtiMan' he is at home,

    -In mng. 2 bVtJ 'd .

    b'/J 1 eJ ~ 'Yl'U 1'W


    d"'

    'd...,

    b'f1 tJ 'd

    or

    at (his) house. o b'/J 1 ~ :::: l 'tJ rl'U 1 'W Ab!A q b'/J 1 eJ ~ '11 el b:w s ll1
    d ld "'

    dii'thiidiaw' very good, quite good,

    khawcapaj/ -thtiMan'khun'

    he will go to your house. o khawjuu'thti?ameerikaa'

    right. o :W 1rl b ~tJ 'd maa'thiidiawl Come at once! (mother sp. to child). Tibb :ill thiirteg' 1. at first, the first time. 2. in the first place.
    "'

    he is in America. ll'W'Yl A'lrl A1l1


    I

    kinthti' V to take up room, space. khonthti' V to be constant, invariable.


    kh~athti'
    d

    on the spot, instantly.

    o !ill tJ A1l1 taaj/khaathti/ to die on the spot.


    d
    kh~athtil
    I

    nl ~
    "'

    thiiraj/ whenever, any time, whatever time. "at a time," as in the following

    A1l1
    d

    the price of a piece of land, of a


    d d

    TI61:::: thiila:::: entries.

    lot. LA61 el'W'Yl


    d

    -Cf.

    A1l1 under '11 I.!:J.


    V 1. to move. 2. to be mobile.

    khl~anthti'

    o '1161::::'/.J'W I.!:J '/J'W steps a time.

    !::

    !::

    thiilakh~n's:S::>nkh~n'

    one or two

    3. to be out of place; to be dislocated. phys. motion. -Cf. 3.


    '" d

    ll1 S - -

    L~'W~.

    o rl61:::: A'W thiilakhon' one person at a time.

    b lii:W'Yl temthtil fully, to the fullest extent, to the full, to the utmost, extremely .
    ..., d

    "' eJ tJ thiilan:S::>j/ little by little, a little at o TI 61:::: 'W


    a time. TIVisl ~ thiilan' next time, later. rlllrl thugthii/ 1. every time, each time. 2. by q the minute, progressively.
    Q...l

    '11 eJ ~ l1

    ( Lb Vi~ )

    th:S::>nthti' (h'En')

    N area, district,

    locality, region under the administration of a sheriff. rlll'WJW


    - kh~nthUgthii/

    Q...l

    Q..l

    ( bbVi~, l1)
    d

    '

    thti'kanphaj/ (hen'. thti/) shelter). N

    Q..o

    Q...l

    .}-'

    .:::.1

    o 'If ll :l el 'W ~ Iii '/J 'W l1lll1 chag r:S::>n I cad I


    9

    shelter (e.g. l1 bll 'U


    d "'

    <~ir-raid

    it's getting hotter by the minute; it's getting progressively hotter. 'U 1 ~ TI baanthii' sometimes, at times; perhaps; other times.

    <:

    ( Lb Vi~ , l1)
    d

    thtikeb' (h'En' thti')

    storage

    place, storehouse. l1 Llllil


    d d

    ( LLVi ~ , l1)
    d d ..,

    thtikaad' (h'E:n', thtil)

    N birth-

    -s y n.

    "' . 611 ~ l1

    place, source, origin. l1 L'/J tJ~Vi :l


    d

    'WelTI ph::>::>thii'l That's enough! Enough! Hold it! 6111 fl laauthii' sometimes. -Rarely used.

    ( l1, e:J'W)
    d

    thtikhla'burli' (thti', ?an')

    ashtray. '11 LL '/J 'd 'W ( '11 ) thtikhween' (thti') for hanging things.
    d

    ----s y n.

    'U 1 ~ '11 .

    "'

    N peg, hook, place

    iJ llll
    "' "'

    ?\igthii/ once more, again.


    d

    elll'YlVi'W-1 ?ligthii/nyn again.


    d

    one more time, once more,

    '11Lb'/J'd'WL61el
    d d

    J"

    ..,

    (rJ,eJ'W)

    thti'khweens~a'

    (thti',?an')

    N coat hanger.
    I

    '11

    d
    !Ql (

    l1)

    thii/ (thii/) N 1. place; space, room (in

    r1l '/J
    d

    ( l1)

    thtikhaj/ (thtil)
    I

    N breeding place,

    the sense of place); 1st example. 2. initial element meaning "thing where, place where," in certain noun derivatives; 2nd and 3rd examples. C 3. elf. for the above; for sinks, toilet bowls; 4th example. Pp 4. at, in, to; 5th to 7th examples.
    d

    place where eggs are laid.

    m 81'1 ~ bl ( LL Vi~ , l1) thtico::>dr6d' (h'E:n'. thtil) N


    1. parking space. 2. parking lot.
    rllil e:J'W ( LLVi-1, r1) highlands.
    d

    thtid::>::>n' (hen'. thti/)

    N the

    '11 @
    d.. mrw ( LL1.Jii1 ~, "' t:.J'W)

    242 thtidin/ {pleen/, phyYr1/) N


    n1 s '11'\J 1
    d.., ..,
    d
    0

    '11 @
    d

    ( uLJ 61 ~ )
    d

    thtir~j/thtinaa/ {pleen/)
    d

    piece of land, lot {for a house or building). o 'VleJTJ:::;


    d d
    d

    field, farm.
    '11611 i'Vl'IJ 1 ( '11) d I d 'Yl~J.I ( LL'Vl~, '11)

    --.co mp. TJ'IJ 1.


    thtilaann~a/

    "' d .. L'UtJ'IJTI~'IJ

    ( LL'Vl~)

    h:'i:Jthabian/thtidin/

    {thfi/)

    N washbasin. N basin,

    {hen/)
    ~
    0

    N land registration office. {directly) at, in; (right) at, in. (hen/) N location, situation. N 1.

    thiil1)m/ (hen/, thti/)

    'Yil'JS ~ thtitron::: 'Yil'l ~ '11TI1 ~ ( LL'Vl~)

    lowland.
    d0 '1111n1s
    (LL'Vl~)

    thtit~n/
    d

    thtiw.takaan/ {hen/)

    N adminis-

    ( LL'Vl~, n)

    thti/thaan/ (hen/, thfi/)

    trative office (usually of the government).


    'Yid1i
    d TJ~iil71 q
    d
    0

    lot {for a house or building). 2. place.


    Tl'l11n 1 s
    J d
    0

    d (U'Vl~,'Yl)

    thtiw~an/(hn/,thti/)

    N 1.
    d

    d ( U'Vl ~ , TJ) thtithamkaan/ (hen/, th1:i/)


    ~

    vacancy. 2. unoccupied space, place or land. thtisud/ N the end. -+Cf.


    d
    q

    N office.
    0"'

    '1161171 under '11 q

    bll,

    o 'l'ITI"1n 1 S1 LJ nJ-blW nii/ (hen/)


    nrh ~ 1'\J
    d
    0

    ( LL'I-Y ~ ) thtithamkaan/praj sa:::

    o
    d

    1'IJTJ6il71
    ..,

    najthtisud/ in the end, at last, finally,

    N post office.
    d

    eventually. N
    '11'1-Y'\J 1 thtin~a:::
    d

    ( LL'Vl ~ , TJ) thtitham:naan/ {hen/, thti/)

    in front of.
    d

    office; place to work.


    'YJLTitJ'd
    d d
    (U'Vl~)

    '11'1-YJ.J1 tJ

    ( U'Vl ~, '11)

    thtimaaj/ (hen/, thti/)


    0 d (LL'Vl~,'Yl)

    N 1.

    thtithtaw/ (hen/)

    N place to go, o

    destination. 2. target (spot aimed at). 3. goal.


    d 'Yl'VlJ.IltJlJ611tJ'I11~

    place to tour.
    TJ'IJ 8'\J
    d

    thtimaaj/plaajthaan/

    ( TJ)

    thtin:J:Jn/ {thti/)

    N 1. mattress.
    d

    {hen/, thti/)
    ~
    0

    N destination.
    d

    2. berth. 3. place to sleep.


    TI'IJ ~
    d.L d.L

    '11'1-Yli1'UJW

    ( LL'I-Yi, '11)

    thtilobphaV {hen/, thtV)

    ( '11)

    thtin~n/

    (thti/)

    N seat, place to sit.


    d

    shelter {from danger).


    ~

    '11'\J'\J thtin~n/ there. '11'\J'\J thtinan/ at that place. '11'\J 1


    dd d
    d~

    '11'1-Y61 i
    d

    thtilan:::

    in back of, behind. 1. where? 2. somewhere, anywhere.

    '111'1-Y'W thtinaV

    ( LL 'Vl ~ ) thtinaa/ (hen/)

    N farm, farmland.

    o '111'1-Y'IJ "1
    d
    0
    '\)

    thti/najnaV anywhere, any place. thtijuu/ {hen/) N 1. living quarters,


    d U'I1'\J'I1~:::;

    '11'\J thtinfi/ here. 'd<;.:, Yl ~ .... thtin6on/ yonder, over there. 'YI'U 1'\J thtiMan/ at home, those at home; j o c.
    d"'

    '

    'YleJtJ

    ( U'I-Yi)

    residence. 2. address (e.g. mailing address).


    LL'tl'IJ'Yl theenthfi/ V
    d

    to replace.

    -Cf.

    one's spouse.
    'YILJ s:::; n 1 A
    d
    d

    under
    &"' d

    '11

    IJ.

    ( '11) thtiprakaad/ (thti/) N signboard,


    I

    L'\JeJ'I1 nyathti/

    N 1. area. 2. space, room.

    billboard.
    'YJLJ S:::; '()J.i 9

    ( LL'Vl ~ ). thtiprachum/ N 1. place of

    LlJ'IJ~ penthti/ in place (generally implying neat.J d ness, good order). --.Cf. L F\61 8'\J '11.
    v L1J'IJ " '1 d o 1 1 ~ 'tJ eJ ~ 1'Vl 1 waankh::J:Jn /h.1jpenthti / to put

    assembly, meeting place {hen/). 2. an assembly, gathering (of people).


    d
    ~
    I

    things where they belong.


    I

    'YJ'l"'n

    (LL'Vl~,'Yl)

    thtipMg/(hen/,thti/)
    0

    N 1. resi-

    <:

    o eJ tJ LLJ'IJ '11 juu/penthti/ to live at the same place


    '\)

    dence, lodging, quarters. 2. resting place. o

    for a long time (not moving about); (things) to


    0 ~

    mm us J.J

    ( LL'ln, n) thti/pMgreem/ (hen/, thti/)

    stay in place, be in place. -Cf.


    d
    0

    eJ~n'UTI

    below.

    N 1. a place for camping, for staying overnight. 2. lodgings, accommodations. o


    d
    d~ ~

    Ut:.J'IJ'I1
    "'

    ( LLt:.J'IJ)

    phtwthti/ (phn/)

    N map.

    tJ'IJ'Yl

    jyynthti/ V 1. to be stable, stabilized. 2.


    d
    0

    '11'\"'n eJ 1 At:J
    ~

    thtiphag/?aasaj/ N 1. residence.

    to stay put.
    liim'WTI
    (LL'Vl~)

    2. quarters.
    'Yl'l'h'Wn ( U'Vl~) thti/phamnag/ (hen/)
    0

    sathaanthti/ {hen/)

    N 1. place,

    N 1. resi-

    site. 2. building, plant, station (place equipped for a particular kind of work, activity, etc.).
    .., d

    dence, dwelling place. 2. place to stay.


    'YIJ.J'IJ
    d.L

    ( U'Vl~) thtim~n/ {hen/)

    N fortified place,

    'I-Y'W1'11
    0 ~

    (eJtJ1~)

    n~athti/

    (jaan/)

    N duty.

    fortification, stronghold.
    'YIJ.Il
    d

    eJtJn'U'tl juukathti/
    '\)

    1. to be fixed in place, to stay


    c:d

    ( U'Vl ~) thtimaa/ {hen/)


    0

    '

    N source, origin.

    in place. 2. firmly rooted to the ground. -+Cf.


    0

    'YIS 1'U

    ( LL'Vl~)

    thtir~ab/

    {hen/) N plain.

    eJtJ L1J'IJ'I1
    '\)

    _,d

    under

    L1.J'IJ'I1 above.

    '11

    G)
    ~
    I
    G./

    243
    _.J

    '11
    n eJ'W'Il~ ~
    d

    1:J'WeJtJn'U'I1 jyyn/juukath1il
    '\J

    1. to stand firm

    k:,on/thtica::: before (doing such and such).

    .(resist). 2. to stand in one place.


    eJ U'11
    '\J

    -See Note 2 above .

    'd

    juu/th1i::: V 1. to depend on; (something)


    ,}' d ,}'

    n 1 :1 '11 kaan/thti::: the fact that, the fact being that.


    --Cf. n 1 ~ '11 ~ ~
    d

    to be up to (someone). 2. to live at, be at. -+See also


    '11
    d
    ~

    below and also Note 2 above.

    'IJ'Wel~ (

    '11)

    under 'IJ'W

    ~.

    n1 s
    ~~lit.

    d '11~ ~

    kaan/thtica::: to, in order to, for (doing

    thti/ rP which, who, that. --syn.


    NOTE 1. 11
    d

    thus and so). -See Note 2 above, and the following example. o n 1 s ~~ ~ 1LJ1 Vi'W:wl 1VI'W A '.l s ~~~s f:W'Wlil ~ kaan/thti::: capajn&j/maanllV khuan/ camii/r6djon/ l In order to go anywhere you need a car. For gettingaround one should have a car.
    d

    corresponds to the English relative

    pronouns; hence it often needs to be translated in special ways, viz. "(persons) who, (things) which, (places) where, (times) when, (reasons) why."
    d

    NOTE 2. The distinction between 11


    d

    "which" not so
    d

    'l.lbi!~
    I

    '11 khana? /thti:::

    while, the while that.


    I

    followed by

    'l c "will, would" and 11

    A1 '11 khfta/thti:::
    d

    because, owing to the fact that,


    d

    followed requires a word of explanation in order to insure proper translation. When n in-

    on account of the fact that. -Cf. A1 '11 under


    '11 GJ.
    J
    I

    traduces a subordinate clause which does not contain


    'l
    ~

    , the predicate of this clause refers

    LliW'I1 . 1:w dooj/thti::: ... mftj:::

    without (being

    to an event which has occurred; 1st example. But whenever


    d

    'l < occurs in the predicate of

    such and such, doing such and such); without (such and such happening; e.g. without things falling).
    d

    the subordinate clause (very frequently immediately after 11) , the predicate of the subor-

    -+See Note 2 under main entry.


    1. as, i.e. in accordance with

    dinate clause refers to an unactualized event (i.e. unactualized in relation to the main clause); 2nd and 3rd examples. In the first instance 11 is left untranslated or is translated "that"; 1st example. In the second instance, left untranslated and 'l" 11 is always
    d d

    li11:J.J'I1 taam/thti:::

    what (that which). 2. in reference to what (that which), referring to what (that which). NOTE. When mng. 2 is implied the clause which is intraduced by '11 often has its end marked by the particle 'W'W
    d
    g

    is usually translated

    by the infinitive marker "to"; 2nd and 3rd exam-

    ples. In addition to the type of translation aiready given, the predicate of a 11-ifttroduced
    d

    t;

    2nd example.

    clause is often translated as a gerund, i.e., by adding -ing to the verb stem; 4th, 5th and 6th examples. Some Thai prepositions (or secondary verbs) can be followed by clauses, e.g. 11- introduced
    d

    o li11:J.J'I1Abi!S LbGl '.l taam/-thtikhunruu/lew/ as you '\J already know. o li11:J.J'I1Abi!'.l1:J.J1'W'W taam/-thtikhunwfta/maamin/ 9 in reference to what you said, referring to what you said.
    I

    t;

    Lb 11'W "instead of'' and n 8'W

    "before"; 4th and 5th examples. o

    W>JU1J~~Abl!:IJ1'11!1 _,

    pMmjindii'thtikhunmaaMa' j

    li11 :Wbb VIGJ ~ '11

    taamH:n/thti::: in places where.


    '11 tMn/thti:::, tMntMn/thti:::
    d

    m. sp. I'm glad you came to see (me). I'm glad that you came to see (me). o

    'YH '11,

    l;d

    m "1

    t;

    even

    WJ.JU'WA~'l<~11J
    , d

    pMmjindii 1 thticachOaj'j m. sp.


    ~

    though, although, in spite of, in spite of the fact that.


    .:1' Tin Gl1 '.l'W thtiklaaw/nfi/ which are spoken of here.
    d d .:\'

    I' 11 be glad to he! p you.

    6TI'l1>Ji16'l~'Wl_ll'ln'i1lltJ kh8:wm!ljmiic~ed':::
    tanaa'-thticathamra:aj'j He doesn't mean~ do (any) harm.
    ~ ~ d 6TI1>JA1UJ'Vi'lHl'l~

    1uq ~~nJ

    Tin Gll '.l :w 1'W thtiklaaw/maanfil which (we) have


    kha:wmiikhwaam:::

    mentioned, which has been mentioned, the aforementioned.


    '11 ~ S ~ thticin/ in fact, as a matter of fact.
    d
    ~ ~ d el'W'Il~ ~

    wAu'-thticapaj'j11rbob1 j* He has hopes of going to Europe. He is in hopes that he will go to Europe. o

    6TI1noi'u~1'W U'fi'W~'l< ltJ~Vi1J~ kh8:wkl~bb!lan 1 -

    S~

    ?anthticin/ in fact, as a matter of fact.

    theen'thticapajduunAu'l He went home instead of going to the movies.

    flOA;8itf1i

    1'W1;b6i~l>l ~8'W~,~n;'U;1tJ

    d '11~ ~. d v

    See Note 2 under main entry. thtithte/ actually, in fact, in truth.

    khun:::

    '11Lb '11
    d~

    t!l\)thamuaan'h!lj s~d'- k:'\:m'thticakl~bb!lan'l You must finish (your) work before going home.

    '11 s n thtirag/ dear, beloved.


    'llLbGl '.l thtiltew/ the previous, preceding.
    d

    244
    .,. d ...

    ')'Jn q

    o llil EJ'U'tlll61 'J dyan/thtileew/ in the last month, last month.


    I

    greatest.
    ooS1f.l:W1nm11i1 n1ajm.1ag/thtisud/ (the) very most
    9

    "

    l '111'11 th.1wthti::::

    to the extent that, as far as, as


    .

    ferocious, the very worst.


    d :'t "' '\J'YI'YI~ 1:WGi'U l Ellil

    much as.
    d ll'YI'U'YI~:::

    bod' thtisi1am'slb?ectl the 31st

    theen/thflca::::
    d

    instead of (doing such and -o-Cf.

    chapter .
    .., d

    such). -See Note 2 under main entry.


    ll'YI'U'YI
    "'b'UiD'U'YI~::: .., d

    'd'U'YI

    wanthti::::
    .., d

    the (such and such numbered) day,

    under '11

    the - -th. See examples. o 61 ~ 'd'U'YI &


    o 'J'U'YI
    .., d
    O

    naj?an/thtica:::: inorderto. -See N ote 2

    lo:g'wanthtih.1a' dated the fifth .


    lli1El'U~611Fl:W
    ""

    under main entry.


    llJil 'Yil '1111 ~
    d ...

    wanthtislb'dyantulaal::::

    penthti/.kh.1wcaj/ it is understood

    khom' the tenth of October.

    (that).
    l1J'U'YI't1S TI.Jn'U'J 1 penthtis.1ab/kanw.1a/ it is known
    _., d "-'
    I

    ri nn n

    thygthag/

    v to jump to a conclusion~ to pre-

    suppose, assume (without evidence).


    '"' t1 ~ See

    that.
    f.J 't1
    'U

    "' ~ '"' D:W t1 ~ .

    ""d

    phOu'thti:::: (the person) who. phaajHl:g'thti:::: after. when, the time when.
    d

    ~~
    I

    th?:g' V to be interested (in). -Syn.


    ,}

    ~'U1~.

    .., d J11 f.J'Vl61 ~ '11

    'U1't1~

    n.1ath?:g/ V colloq. to be interesting.

    l 1611'11 weelaa"thti::::
    d ll~'U'YI~::;

    '11 ~ '"' 11'\.J

    J-'

    thY:u' V to pull off, pull apart. thybl V 1. to be dense, thick (as a jungle). 2. to be opaque. 3. to be dim-witted, thick-headed,

    seen/thtica:::: greatly, extremely, fright~

    fully. o
    llilnA'U'Ull~'Um:::'IJ'U d~gkhonnfi/
    .. d

    sen/thtica::::
    d
    .:::g

    dense, dull (of mind).


    'YI:W th9m' V to be foolish, simple-minded.
    C1
    ~ ~

    son/! This child is frightfully naughty.


    l Vllii'YI heed/thti::::
    9

    the reason why, the rea.sons

    'YI:W'Yin

    in

    ~ 1 'd'YI:W'Yin

    ( Fl'U) si1aw'thymthyg' (khon')

    why. o l 'i'l ~ 1::: l Vl~ 't1 phdheed'thti:::: for the reason that, because.
    '11d d

    N spinster.
    'YIEJ th9Y' to be dull (not sharp)_, blunt. d' -syn. lilEJ. -Ant. fl:W.
    ~n

    -.Dist.

    ~-

    rn thti::::. Bound stem used with numerals to form ordinals, or with certain other forms to indicate position in a numbered series. o 'YI'Vl'U ~ thtin"YTI' first (in order).
    o
    d '11~

    thug' qM every, each. NOTE. This word may be followed by a numeral plus classifier or simply by a classifier; 1st and 2nd examples. When no numeral is used, the quantity is understood to be "one," which is usually unexpressed in English also; 1st example.
    9 .-

    El ~ thtis:5::>:g/
    I

    second.

    o 'Yil '1111 ~

    thtiltMwraj/ which one (of an or-

    -Dis t.

    61::: .

    dered series); "the how-manyeth."


    d ... o '11~1i1'111f.J thti'sudtMaj/ d 9 'YI~Iil thtisud/ most, -est.
    9

    o Tin EJ 1Tililf.l thugl?aathfd' every week.


    0

    last. -Comp. n'J1l'i'IEJ'U. NOTE.


    'YI~Iil
    9

    't1n~eJ~EJ1Tililf.J thugls:'b:g?aathfd' everytwoweeks. 9


    &:;

    't1 n fl'U thugkhon' everyone, everybody.


    9

    -ct.

    d '11~ li1 under 't1


    9

    is often

    'Yin Fll ~
    9

    thugkhra:g/ every time.

    used to express what corresponds to the superlative in English (e.g. biggest, most beautiful).
    o li1 't1 ~ li1 diilthtisud' best, greatest.
    I .;J ooElf.J1~1il't1~1i1

    ~n

    fl ~ 11 thugkhraaw' every time.

    'Yin A'U thligkhyyn' every night.


    9

    .. d

    't1n'1JEJn't1n:w:w thugs:'l::>g'thugmum' elab. colioq.


    9 9 9

    jaa:gdiilthtisud/ 1. the best. 2.


    9

    every nook and corner," every nook and cranny.


    't1n'1JEJn

    at best. 3. best, in the best way.


    o

    ~~lil~~::: . 1; ... thtisud'thtica:::: ... d.1aj/


    9

    "' l~n:w:w'UEJU thligs:'l::>g'leg'-mum/n:S::>j/ elab. 9

    every little nook and corner, every little nook and cranny.
    'Yinfl thugthii/
    9

    as ... as possible.

    1" oolS'J'YI~Iil'YI~::: l n li1 rew/thtisud'-thticarew'::::


    "' d d "'
    9

    1. every time, each time.

    2. every

    d.1aj/ as fast as possible.


    o
    d :W1n'Yl~li1
    9

    minute, by the minute, progressively.


    0

    m.1ag'thtisud/ (the) most, very most,

    1 n 61 l '111 :w l 't1n'l1 kl.1j/kh.1wmaa'thugthiil is getting


    9

    "'

    ...

    "'

    'lln
    9

    245
    closer by the minute; is getting progressively closer . o
    .}' ~ :W1fHJ HJ'\J~n'YI maag'-jiukh~n'thugthii' .J

    '1 1'\J l!l q '11 1 '\J 1


    9
    I

    -----------------------------------------------( Lb VI 1 )

    thOunaa' (hf:u')

    N field.

    ~i

    'W s::; b:W;

    thOu'phrameen' pN the Phra Men

    more

    (Phra Meru) Ground in Bangkok. Used for special ceremonies, including the cremation of members

    and more every minute; progressively more.


    ~n

    ..,

    'l thugthug' each and every, every . .., rm 'l n:l::; b{Jt.JiiltJ'd thugthug'-krablad'nfw' q
    each and every minor detail, each and every little bit.
    ~i

    of the royal family. colloq. Sl'U ( LbVIi)

    -Also

    '11H 61'\J 1:WVI~ 1 ~

    thtltJr~ab'

    (h'Eu')

    N open plain

    (not used of desert country).


    ~ 1 'Vlb\1 1

    o
    9

    ~n

    'l A'\J thugthllgkhon' everybody, everyone.

    ( uWi )

    tMuj~a'

    (heu')

    N 1. prairie,

    nnil thugpii' every year, each year.

    grassland. 2. meadow, pasture.


    ~nn1
    'II
    9

    nn i'W thllgwan' every day.


    9
    Q..l

    (A'\J)

    lfiugth1lu'(khon')

    N rare farmer.

    o
    9

    ~n

    1'\J'\J thugwannfi' nowadays, these days.


    9

    Comparable to Eng. "son of the soil."


    ~

    nn~inneJ~1~
    I '-

    thugslu'thugjaau' everything. thugj:;m'jaa' idiom. everywhere,

    thtltJ' V 1. to pass fecal matter, evacuate the bowels. N 2. feces ...Syn. eJ'l'l1S::;
    'U
    Jr
    0J
    q

    ~nVIt.JeJ:WVIb\11

    eleg.,

    all over.
    ~

    com., vulg

    ~nVI'd~::;bb'I'H

    thughua'rahteu' idiom. every-

    where, every corner of the earth.


    ~n

    ltJ~~ pajth1lu' V to go to the toilet. -syn. ~'l'l1S::; eleg .. ltJl com.,vulg.


    TI'l S~
    9

    bb'ln
    I

    thughtu' everywhere, every place. -Also


    I

    thudcarid' V 1. to be dishonest, deceitful. 2. to cheat.

    ~nV~'W~n bbVIi.

    nn eJt.J 11 thugjaa:u'
    9

    1. everything. 2. in every
    ~'\J

    'W 1 n 'Yl 'l


    9

    s~

    ph1lag'thudcarld 1 N crooks, band of --. N 1. fund, funds, capital, invest-

    way, in every respect, of every kind.


    ~n

    thunl, thunna:::::

    'U thug'

    N sorrow, suffering, unhappiness, dis


    A'd 1:W-- idem .

    ment. 2. a scholarship, a fellowship.


    'U 11il ~'\J

    tress, misery.

    ...

    kha.adthun' V 1. to lose money, sustain

    ~n

    'U n 1 t.J thllgkaajl V to suffer (physically). A 1 1:W--

    losses (in business). 2. to be at a disadvantage.


    b ~'W'Yl'\J
    9
    ~

    nn'~L'l thUgcajl
    9

    ...

    physical suffering.

    to suffer (mentally). A'd 1:W--+Syn.

    ~'\J'YIS'Wt.J

    ...

    tJ;)nthun' N capital (money in an investment). thunnasab' N capital, funds (for invest-

    mental anguish, sorrow.


    ~ n 'U

    LTI:l-J'IJ61

    1 it.
    9

    ment).
    '11'\J i'~ 'U 1 ~

    :l eJ '\J thugd::m' V to suffer, be unhappy, be

    thun'radthabaan' N a government

    in trouble. A1 1 :W-piness, woe.

    trouble, suffering, unhap-

    scholarship.
    '\J 1 t.J ~'\J
    ~

    ( A'\J)

    naajthun' (khon')

    N capitalist.
    n 1 s--

    nn'U61'U thugsug' N happiness and sorrow, the ups


    q

    i ~'\J louthun' to make an investment.

    and down of life. Cf. Eng. "for better or worse."


    tJS'\.J'Yln'U prabthug' V to tell one's troubles.
    q ...

    investment. o
    ~

    1 ~'\J6H LL s ~ louthunlloureeu' e 1 a b. co 11 o q.

    b~'\J n n 'U penthug' to be dejected, worried.

    b~'W'Yln'U""b~'\J;eJ'\J penthllg'penr:S~n'
    9

    to put money and effort into (a project).


    ~'\J
    0J ( ~'\J)

    V elab.

    th1ln' {th1ln')

    N float, buoy.

    co 11 o q. to be dejected, worried, bothered (about something). Cf. Eng. "to be hot and bothered."
    ~

    ' TI'\J :l::; bDlil th1ln'ra~;}d' N explosive underwater 9


    mine .
    ., I

    eJ

    ~ ~n

    'U

    r:S~uthug'

    V to complain, make a com-

    L~ eJlh~'IJS::; LDlil (lam')

    ( ~'1) rya'-thftJthOn'ra~;}d'

    plaint.
    l ;'Yl n 'U... wajthug' V to wear mourning.
    9
    I I

    N mine layer.

    ~'\J

    th1ln' V to save (on), economize (on), cut down on expenditure {of). NOTE.
    ~'\J

    ~~

    0J

    (~

    i_ , bb VIi ) thfiu' (tMu ' heu') -com p. 1J 1 .

    field, meadow,

    implies a com-

    open field.

    parison of expenditures as between alternate N courses of action.


    ~'\J b i '\J

    ~ 1 LL 'l..,1
    9

    ( ~ 1 LL ~ ~ ) thtlucteu' (tMu'. htu')


    q '

    open field, meadow, clearing.

    th1ln'udn' V to save money (as by cutting

    246

    L~

    down expenses).
    I

    mat.

    111~--

    diplomatic.

    ~tm S ~

    thOn'n:qJ' V to save on energy, effect

    o fl11 :W ~:wi'W 6 '111 'l n 1 HIA khwaams.1mphan'thaau::::

    an economy on energy, power, labor.


    ~'U

    kaanthOud' N diplomatic relations.


    'Yll'I~V!1

    thlib' V 1. to hammer. 2. to hit, smash (into). thUbphon'lapMab' V to be disabled, in-

    , ,

    S ( fl'W, 'W 1~)

    thGudthaMan' (khon', naajl')

    v~'VHiiJl1~

    N military attache.
    'Yll'l ~'W m 1:wA ~ thOud'- san'thawamajtriil' (naajl')

    capacitated, infirm, feeble.

    TI~~n'l!Jl~ thubphfg'khaphajl' N eleg. famine.


    9

    N good-will ambassador.
    :i 1'/.i'tll'l

    -Syn. fl11:l-Hll'leW1n
    V:lJ
    <9l

    com.

    ( fl'W, 'W 1 tJ)

    r~adchathGud'

    (khon', naajl')

    thOrn' C an hour of the night counting from


    6 P.M. (as the zero hour) to midnight.
    J

    N royal envoy.
    Gi 611'\.l'Yll'l

    ( LLVI'l)

    satManthGud' (heu')

    N 1. lega-

    o vm'l'W'l thGm'nytJ 7 P.M. -Also V:lJ alone,


    since the absence of a numeral implies "one."
    I

    tion;shortfor Gibll'Welfl:i:Jl'l.i~l'l. , short for ~ 611 'W LeJ n elfl :i S1 'l.i'Yll'l , .


    elfl:JS1'1.i'tll'l
    OJ

    2. embassy;

    o
    I

    ~ 1:lJTI:lJ
    9

    saamthGm' 9 P.M.

    (fl'W,'W1tl)

    ?agkhar~adchathGud' (khon',

    TI:lJ
    9 9
    I

    L!:J

    thOrn' V to throw down, hurl down.

    naajl')

    N minister, esp. one who is the head of

    TI:W Ln~ 'l thOmthiau' V to argue, quarrel.


    ~:W

    a legation.

    L~ thOmthee' V 1. to throw, hurl. 2. to pour,

    o LeJ n elfl :1 :~ 1 'l.i'Yll'l ( fl'W, 'W 1 t.1, '1111.!) ?eeg'?agkha:::: OJ


    r~adchathOud'

    pour into in great quantities. 3. to pitch in, throw one's full force (e.g. into the fray).
    TI:W thum' V to be low (in tone), deep (of voice), bass.
    9

    (khon', naajl', tM.n')

    N ambas~

    sador (fromamonarchy). -Dist. LeJneJAS-

    ;~~lil.
    eJ'\.J'Yll'l 9 , (fl'W,'W1t.J)

    TI :i rl'W l'l1 :i tMrakandaan' V to be extremely arid,


    9

    ?ubpathGud' (khon',naajl')

    barren, waste (e.g. land).


    ~S'W

    charge d'affaires.
    '111J11'W'Yll'l , 9 OJ (fl'W,'W1t.J)

    in

    ~S'W~:i 1~

    thUron'thuraajl' V to manifest

    thuutaa'nuthOud' (khon',naajl')

    great pain (as by writhing, twitching, groaning).

    N diplomatic corps.
    '1 11.! ,

    Tii'~ in 9

    ~'WTii''l dan'thUrau' V to be obstinate, 9

    in '111.!'01 OJ

    (1) thuunhua'; (2, 3) thuun'Ma' V 1.

    headstrong.
    'Y l LHi thur~ed' V 1. to be piteous, pitiful. 2. to be 9

    to hold or place on the head (in order to carry).


    2. to adore, idolize. 3. to be beloved, adored.
    '11'WV!1~'WLn6'11

    obscene.

    thuunhua'thuunkl~aw'

    V elab.

    TIL~ ~'W ( l 'lJ, 6', 1 n , eHl) thUrian' (bajl', lOug', phOn') 9


    N durian. [f.Mal.]
    11inr1 66'1 thUlag'thulee' V 1. to be difficult, hard,
    ' 9

    co 11 o q. to adore, idolize.

    ~eJTI'\.!'01 ,
    boy.

    (1) pM::>'thuunhua'; (2)

    ph~::>thuun'Ma'

    N 1. godfather.

    2. a beloved boy, an adorable

    clumsy, awkward. 2. to be confused, in disorder. sV 3. clumsily. 4. in confusion, in disorder.


    ~

    LL:WTI'WV!1 (1) m~e'thuunhua'; (2) m~ethuun'hua 1


    OJ

    N 1. godmother.

    2. a beloved girl, an adorable

    L6'11 thulaw' to improve (in condition; esp. of the

    girl.
    116'1
    OJ

    sick).
    ~L6'11'li'W

    thuun' V roy. to speak, talk to, tell.


    'U
    e~n

    -s y n.

    J'

    thulaw'kh9n togetbetter.

    com.

    11 in

    1..J 6'11 TI

    ( 1111 ) plaathuu' (tua')

    N a kind of
    d

    n :i 1'U'I16'1 kraabthuun'
    OJ

    to address highranking

    mackerel (Scrombridae).
    TI thGu' V to be blunt, not pointed.

    royalty. -Dist.
    11el.
    n

    s 1'\.J'U ~ fl:W~G'I
    bl1:lJ

    kraab'-baukhom'thuun' roy. to

    -Ant. LLV!G'I:W.
    'Yll'l

    address the king or queen. N ambassador,


    ~6'1

    ( fl'W, 'W 1 ~) thOud' (khonl', naajl')

    thuuntM.am' roy. to ask, inquire.

    (foreign) minister, envoy, attache. (see below).


    n1:J'Yll'l kaanthGud' N diplomacy.

    n 1 :i-diplo-

    L'11

    thee' V 1. to pour. 2. to pour out, empty. -Sometimes coupled with


    ~

    1111 to splash.

    '\W--

    'lJ 1 t.J ~ l1J'W b mill

    '11~ 1

    kh.1ajl' diil' penthee'naam'-

    l'Yl

    247
    thee'tMa' idiom. to sell rapidly, sell like hot cakes.
    ~J.J

    b'Yl1

    town." Fl'W-o

    foreigner. mii'-tha:uthajlleth@ed' there

    d1;1 J.J'Yl ~ 'YlU ll6'1::; l 'YlA


    ( eJU1~)
    '

    l 'Yl thOmthee' V 1. to throw, hurl.

    2. to pour,

    are both Thai and foreigners (there).


    d LA:lel~ l'YlA

    pour into in great quantities. 3. to pitch in, throw one's full force (e.g. into the fray).

    kht1a:uth@ed' (jaa:u') N spices.


    111'W-( 111'W)

    61lrrn~ l'Ylrh saadthf:u'theethi:u'


    to throw out.

    ...

    ~'W'Yl'W b'YlA cantMed' N nutmeg.


    nutmeg tree.
    b't1A'Ul6'1 ( b't1A'U16'1)

    the

    ...

    elab. colloq.

    tMesabaan' (tMesabaan')

    1'V!SI J.J 1 l 'YJJ.J 1

    lajmaa'theemaat V e lab. colloq. o

    N municipality, local administration.


    l 'IJ 111111 b'!1 r'l 'U 16'1
    ... ... d

    to pour in, stream in, flow in continuously.


    l 'YlA'WA thegnlg'*

    kheed'tMesabaan' N the city

    N 1. technique. 2. technical.

    limits; municipal limit, boundary; municipal area.

    [f. Eng.]

    o L>J1'Vl'W 1m 'YlA'U 16'i ( Fl'W)


    (khon')

    cawnaath1:VtMesabaan'

    "' thed' V 1. eleg. to be false, untrue; to be a l'Yl"l


    lie. N 2. a lie, a fib. binations. -+Ant.
    n6'11'J l'Yl"l klaawthed'
    <:

    municipal officers. joothaa'tMesabaan' N Public

    -+Chiefly in special com-

    o LUfil l't1A'U16'1 Works.


    l '!1A:W'W~'1 ~ ( Fl'W)

    >J!~ com:

    v
    """

    eleg. to lie, tell lies,

    tMesamontriil (khon')

    N coun-

    speak falsely.
    b 'Yl"l "l :J ~ as in
    c;
    A

    -Syn. See Ln'V!n com.


    'l/

    cillor (of a city or municipality). N facts, o mv,::; l 'YlA:l.l'W111 ~ (khana'?l)


    (flU!::;)

    'IJ eJ L'Yl"l "l :J 1 kh~;J'thedci:u'

    r;;;

    khana?ltheesamontriil

    the facts of the matter: "points false and true."


    ~l'l

    N city council, municipal council.


    ( 'W 1 u , Fl'W)

    l m, l m~l'l phQudthed', thedphQud' v e 1 eg.


    1. to tell a lie. 2. to be untrue, false. -syn. 1. See Ln'Vln

    <:

    "'

    o 'W 1 Un L'Yl r'l :l.J'W 111 ~

    naaj6g'tMesamon:::::

    trii' (naajl, khon') city council.

    N mayor; president of the

    com.

    l m'1, L'Yl'W- , - b'!1'\"1 th@eb'. th@eb'pha:::::, :::::th@eb' N

    th::; l TIA

    ( tJ S::; l 'YlA)

    prath@ed' (prath@edl)

    divine being, divinity, god.


    b'Yl11. n;
    ~

    -See also

    l '!1 1 - ,

    eleg. country. -+Syn.


    J.J::; l ~ eJ l 'YlA (Sin,
    'U

    liJeJ~
    ...

    com.
    ...

    1'U, r.J 6'1)

    makhyath@ed' (lQug',
    111 'W- ( 111 'W )

    L'Yl'\"1 "1

    kru:utMebt pN Krungthep. i.e.

    ba j ' ph6n') plant .

    N tomato.

    the tomato

    Bangkok.

    ...

    l TIW L"l1

    ( eJ ~ F1) tMeb'phacftaw' (?ou')

    N a god,

    d7'W l 'YJA 111'W- -

    ( '01) ( 111'W)

    mantMed' (hila')

    N sweet potato.

    a deity.
    l 'Yl'V'W l >J1
    .-

    -+S y n.

    l 'Yl'W U b "l 1

    sweet potato (the plant).


    ~

    ( eJ ~ f1 ) tMeblphajacftaw' (?o:u')

    N a god,

    l 'YlA'W th@ed' V to preach.

    'Wn--

    preacher.

    a deity.
    b 'YlW1 i'n"e!-

    -+S y n.
    o'

    b'Yl'W b "l1 under b'Yl'\"1

    -comp.

    l'l1A'W1

    ( eJ ~ F1 )thee'phaarag' (?o:u')

    N a good

    ,r1 l 'YlA~ fa:uth@ed' V to hear a sermon.


    l 'l'!A'W 1 th@ed'sanAa', th@elsanaat* V 1. to preach.

    fairy, guardian fairy.


    l 'Yl'J-.

    Bound form meaning "divine beings, diviniL'Yl'l"',l'Yl'l"'-,l'Yl11.

    N 2. sermon. -+Co mp. l 'YIA'W.


    'W s::; fi S sJ.J l 'l'!A'W 1 phratham'matMed'sanaa' N

    ties." -Seealso

    l '!11L6'1n theewal6og' N heaven, the world of the

    Buddhist sermon, preaching. L'l'lfb in


    n 16'1 L'YIA::; kaahi?ltheesa?t N the time and

    gods. -+Ant. 1. J.J'W"e!-UL'ln.


    9

    l m l'l1

    ( eJ ~ f1) theewadaat (?o:u') N a god.


    -+See also
    l '!1'1"1,

    place, the occasion.


    b'Ylel:J.J thaam 1

    l '!111 theewaat N a god, divinity. L'Yl1 -

    C term, esp. school term or semester.

    [f. Eng.]
    l 'Yl eJ::; 'Yl::; th8? ltha?l

    L'l1 r'l , b'l1 r'l- , - L'l1 r'l ( l, 2) th~ed 1 ; (3) th~ed 1 sa:::::, th~e::::: sa:::::, :::::th!ed1 N 1. foreigner. In this meaning generally opposed to

    not shapely, not streamlined,

    not beautifully proportioned.


    l 'Yl1 thaw' V to be gray.

    1'l'!U

    in the same sentence;

    see example. 2. (as n. mod.) foreign, not native to Thailand. 3. bound form meaning "country,

    g l 111

    siithaw' N 1. gray, the color gray. V 2.

    to be gray.

    b'111 b'l11 th.1w' V 1. tobeequal,thesame(insizeor

    248
    I

    b'111
    ~ ~

    (9)

    b'rll "].See

    b'!11n'W,b'!11n'U.

    quantity). C 2. elf. for a given quantity, often best rendered by "times, -fold"; see examples. -Dist. 1.
    b!.il-JeJ, b'Vlilel'W.

    b'111 b ~I:J l-J th~wthiam' V to equal, be equal to, be

    on the same level as.


    1:;

    -syn. l.Til'ldli:Jl-J,b~f.IJ..J,

    b'111'\J'W
    b ~ 1l S
    d

    th~wnan/

    1. only, only that, just that.

    2. that much, that many.


    r:bjlth~w' d

    o HW b'111
    o 6i eJ

    a hundredfold.

    th~wrajl *

    1. how much? how many? to

    ~ b'111 Fl S ~

    soontMw'khrt!J' two and a half

    what extent? 2. how much, how many.


    I

    times (e.g. taller, as tall, smaller, as small).


    I

    o 'rl b'rillS thti'tha.wrajl

    which one (of an ordered

    o Vl6111:Jb'l11 laajlth.1w' many times (e.g.taller,


    as tall, etc.).
    tJ'W 1 r1 b'111 FI'W. khanaad'tMwkhon' the size of a

    series): "the how-manyeth."

    'Wl'Wb~lls naan'th~wrajl howlong(oftime). oo l~'W 1'\J b ~11 s m~jnaan'th~wraj' not very long
    o (of time).
    o

    person.
    I

    Iii s 1 'U b'111 traab'th~w' until; as long as.

    l~ b~ 1l s m~jth~wra.jl
    many.

    not very; not much, not

    11il b~ 1. , too'tMw:::. . . b~ 1 rl'W, b~ 1

    to be as big as.
    o

    rl'W tMw'kan, tMwkan', thaw:::

    l~(

    ... )

    b~1ls ,l~~eJf.l(
    m~jkh~j( ...

    . )

    b~lls m~j( ... )

    th~w'kan

    to be equal, the same (in size or


    ~

    tMwra.jl,

    )tMwra.jl not very, not so

    quantity), even (in score, in capability). o b'lJ 16i ~ b'111n'W khawsl1un'th.1wkan'~ They are 'll equally tall.
    I
    ~
    ~

    very, not too; not very much, many; not so very much, many; not too much, many. oo l~~ eJ ~:Ji'JFJ'W bTillS Vl~ eJ n

    m~jkh~jmiikhon'th~w:::

    b'rlln'U,

    b'111 "] n'U tMwka:::, tMwth.1w'ka:::

    raj'- rog there were not so very many people. o Gin brllls sagtMwrajl 1. (just) how much? (just) how many? 2. how much, how many; however much, however many. -see examples.

    to be the same as; to equal, be equal to, be equivalent to; as ... as. o b'lJ 16i ~ b~ 1 rl'U~ eJ khawsl1un'tMwkaph!'b' ~ He
    'll

    is as tall as his father. o n b'!11n'U!.i~ b!.isJ..J1wrw1n(;JVr!n'U1"1.iL'di:Jiil k~tMw::: kasonsaam'- h~jciin'- kl.1jchid'kasoowtad' (it) is the same as encouraging China to be closer to the Soviet Union.
    C:
    I IV I ,::;,
    q_,c:ol

    q_,

    Q...J

    cl

    . .. o1'n l ~ rl S( ... ) n. . . . .. sagtMwraj'-

    ( ... )k:'l ... how-

    ever much (many) ... , still. .. ; no matter how much (many) ... , still. .. ; no matter how (e.g. fast) ... , still. .. o

    bv 1 'I~~~ b~ 'l o1'n b~ 1l s nl~TI'W

    kMwcawtufrewf- sagtMwray-

    k:'lm!!jthanfj No matter how fast he runs, he won't make it. o

    l~~~ b'tlr'lduln brlrls l'lnnrhl~'ll'W

    m!!jw!!akhawcartibf::o

    sagth!lwraj'- khawk:'lthamfm!ljthanf j No matter how much he

    th.1wkanYtlr5oj' 10 squared equals 100.


    b'111 Fl ~ ~ , 'VI'W ~-d d

    hurries, he still won't get it done on time. o

    tMw'khrJ:ol, nYt!tMw'khrJ:!J'

    ~H'tlr'ldi"Wo1'nbrJ1lS nl~;'l'W

    thylJkhawcakinfsagtMwraj'-

    k:'lm!lj?Oanf j No matter how much he eats, he doesn't get fat.

    one and a half times (as much, as big, etc.).


    b~ 11 r1
    I
    ~

    l~ ( ... ) 61n bTills


    very much. o
    I I

    m!lj( ... )sagtMwraj' not so very; not so


    I

    tMwda j I

    how much, how many. 1. the same size or quantity as

    b'1111il 1 th.1wtua'

    l:w'VIr ~'II n'l'l'W'W~ n bTills

    ,l,

    .._,

    m!ljhaaufcaagthtin!!n?- sagth!lwraj'

    not so very far from there.


    <u
    I

    (the model), life-size; 1st example. 2. as much as the previous size, quantity, amount; 2nd example.
    I
    ~

    S b'11 'l
    'll

    n1u'th~w'

    V to know what someone is up

    to, know what is behind (someone's behavior); to be on to (someone's intentions). o ; b~ 1l~'Q~ n 1 H;


    'll

    o nJ'lJ'W 1 r1 b'rlllil 1 rOub'- khanaad'th~wtua' a life'll

    sized picture. o lr~n"1l S b'rlllil 'l d~ajkamraj'tMwtua' to gain as much as one has invested.
    I

    n1u'tMw'-m~jthyukaanl

    to be

    '-'

    blind to a situation, be unable to see what someone is up to.


    b'Yll
    C9J

    o l'rl11il'l'ln
    I

    "'

    th~w'tuacin'

    life-size, actual size.

    thaaw'* V 1. to lean on, rest on, be supported,

    b'rll '11

    th~wthti:::

    to the extent that, as far as, as

    much as.

    held up. 2. to support. 3. to refer (to). .., iJ eJ b'111 Fll ~ myy'thaawkhaan' to use the hand to

    b'l11

    @)

    249

    ..,
    support the chin, hence to rest the chin on the hand.

    ..,
    ( 'lJ 1 ~)
    ' q_.,

    61'W b'l11

    s6ntMaw' (kh~an')
    q_,

    N e leg. heel. com.,vulg. N eleg.

    .:::1

    -+Also '1i'Wb'll1. (?an') N walking stick .


    (kh~a:u'
    d

    -+Syn.

    61'Wiil'W

    ..,

    1~ b;1 .., ( el'W) .., majtMaw'


    ('ll1~, brll)

    Gf!il'd...~b;1

    (lll'd)

    sad'slitMaw' (tua')

    brll lB

    tMaw' N eleg. foot

    quadruped.
    bm.1 ~

    for either one of a pair; thaaw' for more than two).


    n
    ~syn.

    thtan' N 1. noon. V 2. to be accurate, precise, steady, stable. 3. to be just (lacking in bias).


    d

    See

    "' lil'W.

    s 1 'lJ b'Ill

    kra.abthaaw' V 1. to prostrate oneself

    n EJ'W bm.J ~ n.'ll.

    k:,;:,nthta:u' A.M.; before noon. -Abbrev.

    at someone's feet (as a sign of very high respect). 2. term used in the salutation of a letter to show respect (followed by the title of the addressee).
    I

    b 'llE.l ~ A'W thtaukhyyn' N midnight. b 'llE.l Hb '11 thtanthte' certain, sure.


    d

    "'

    EJ E.l1 ~-- ,

    LliW-- ,
    I

    b'!J'W--

    for certain, for sure.

    n Sl'U b'Ill f)[l.l,'\'l EJ'Il bf11 S'l'Hl E.ll


    9

    HH kra.abtMaw'::::: 'II

    b'11 E.l
    d d

    6 S S :W
    +

    thta:utham' V to be upright, just, fair,


    EJE.l1
    ~--

    khunpM;:,1-thtikhawr6b'jaa:usuu:u' ~ (I) salute

    impartial.
    b'11 E.l ~ b'lJ ~
    ~

    with fairness, impartially.

    ..,

    (my) most highly respected father .

    ..,

    thtanp~n'

    at noon sharp.

    'lJ EJ b'111

    ( 'lJ EJ , 'lJ 1 ~ )

    kh~;:,thciaw' (kh~;:,l, kh~a:u')

    b'YlE.l ~ 'd'W thtauwan' M midday, noon. b 'd 611 b'llE.l ~ 'Vl61 ~ b 'YlE.l ~ 61,rl, EJ 1 'Vl1 S b'11 E.l ~
    d
    ~

    N eleg. ankle. -Syn.

    "' 'lJEll'I'W com.

    weelaathta:u' at noon. lanthtan' P.M.; after noon. -Abbrev.


    J' ( :W EJ)

    "' "' ~ 'lf1~b'll1'Vl6H chaa:u'thaawla:u' N 1. thehindlegs


    of an elephant. 2. idiom. follower, one who always follows someone else .

    ..,

    ?aaManthtan' (mjy')

    N lunch,

    b ~'W b'Ill d<3<3nthaaw' V to go by foot, on foot. A'W- - person on foot, pedestrian. brlE.l'W
    "'

    luncheon, midday meal.


    ( b61:W)
    I

    thianl
    ( el'W)

    (l~m')

    N candle. N candlestick.
    (l~m',thtn')

    b ~'W b'Ill b'lJ 611 d<3<3n'thaawpla.aw' to walk bare-

    b iJ ~ brlt'.I'W
    brlE.l'W'll~H
    "' J(dt

    ch<3<3t)thian' (?an')

    foot.

    ( bfl:W,Lbm)

    thian'khtiph91J'

    L;b;l
    brl1'Vl'W1
    .., v

    t~ajthaaw'
    (
    ..,

    P eleg. def. sp. to sup.

    N wax candle (made of beeswax).


    brlEJ'W1'll (

    you; your excellency.

    b~:W,Lb~~)

    thiankhajl

    (l~m',tMn')

    "' b'lll)

    tMawn~a'

    (thaaw')

    N eleg.
    J_,

    tallow candle.
    'V'l'W b 'llt'.I'W anthian' V to roll wax into a candle.
    "'

    front legs .
    {l'd b'l11
    I

    ({l'd) niwtMawl (nfw')


    v

    N eleg. toe.

    bb s ~ b rlt'J'W n:e:uthian' C 1. candlepower. 2. watt. brlt'.I'U thtab' V to compare; to place alongside of

    ~syn. {l'd~'W
    V V

    com. N e leg. sole

    ~ 1 b'111

    ( 'lJ 1 ~ ) faatMaw' (kh~an')

    (esp. in order to compare). 51 Ellil brlt'.I'U c:,;:,dthtab' to park parallel to, pull up alongside (of).
    bTIE.l'U b~ EJ thtabryal to bring a boat up alongside.

    of the foot.

    .....S y n.

    U'W com.

    "'

    ~b;l
    o
    0
    "'

    fiitMaw' N eleg. speed (of foot), pace.

    ->Syn.
    v

    ~~'W com.

    b m.JiJ b'111 temlfHthaaw' at full speed.

    b'lJ~t'J'U brlt'JIJ prlabthtabl V to compare.


    brl t'J :W thiam' V e l e g. 1. to place on the same level.

    b~EJ~lb;1
    steps.
    I

    srau'flithaaw' thesoundoffoot-

    2. to hitch up, harness, yoke. 3. to be equal, comparable to, on the same level as. 4. to be artificial, synthetic, counterfeit.
    b'll1.
    'II V

    EJ01 b'l11 j~mthaaw' V to mark time (with the feet).

    b~'\,JE.lo1brll d<3<3n'j~mthaaw' to march (as

    -Syn. 3. See com. N artificia,l

    soldiers).
    SEJH'l11
    ('ll1~,f1)
    (kh~an'

    4. bn
    ( lil 'd ~)

    colloq.,

    1~bb;

    n;:,nthaaw' N eleg. shoe,

    lil1 'db rlE.l:W

    daawthiam' (duan')

    shoes

    for either one of a pair; khfiul


    I

    earth satellite.
    b'l11 b rlt'.l :W th~wthiam' V to equal. be equal to, be
    "'

    for a pair).
    SEJE.lb'l11 (SEJE.l) n;:,jtMaw' (n;:,jl)

    N eleg.

    on the same level as.


    brlt.J:Wbbrl'W thiamtheen' V 1. to be a comparable

    footprints.

    250
    substitute for. sV 2. in place of, substituting for.
    l 'LH.J ditJ:w

    "' ll'll

    thte/ V 1. to be real, genuine, authentic. 2.

    to be pure (e.g. in race, strain). sV 3. really,

    "'m.J) (n

    naajthiam/ (k~::m/) N margarine.


    d

    truly, genuinely, very, very much.


    't161a:w, lntJ:w.
    ..,

    -Ant. 1.

    e.l'W l 'flmJ f6nthiam/ N artificial rain. tJ 1 ~ l ntJ :W jaa:uthiam/ N synthetic rubber. f>i ~ l 'fltJ :W SUUtJ/thiam/ V to be as high as.
    'II

    'llll'll
    d

    thtithEe/ actually, in fact, in truth.


    "'

    l'l1tl1Ll'll thta:uthte/ certain, sure. LL '11 'l ~ 1


    &-'
    ~

    l ntJ J thiaw/ quite, exactly, very.

    -contracted --See also

    thte/ citJ / V to be real, genuine, actual.

    form of ill ~tl J under

    @.

    l 'W fJ Ll '11 nya/thte/ the real thing, the real sense.


    'W'W ~ LL '11 phan/thte/ N a pure strain (of plants,

    d1tJ J .
    l rw 'J thtaw/ V 1. to roam, wander, go (from place to place). sV 2. around {here and there for pleasure). C 3. trip, sally, sortie, time. -syn. 1.
    d
    d
    TIEl~.

    "'

    animals).

    l~Ll; m~jthte/
    -syn. 1. Ln
    Ll'Yl t.J

    1. com. false, not genuine. 2.

    not pure (as of metals; of races, breeds).

    "' colloq.

    LntJJ.J

    eleg.

    o f>ieH l'Yltl'J s5Jt]thtaw/ two trips (e.g. to town).


    Fl'W'W 1l 'Yltl 'J
    d

    in '118Ll'l1

    th:bthte/ V to feel dejected, down-

    ( Fl'W)

    khonphaathtaw/ (khon/)

    cast, in low spirits.

    escort, tourist guide.


    '11 El
    .,1

    LL~n~,
    tourist . N place to go,
    Ll '11 ~

    Hl--

    (A'W)

    thEgsti/, r6d/thgsti/ {khan/)

    l 'Yltl 'J

    th~:uthtaw/
    ~

    V 1. to roam, wander. 2.

    N taxi. [f. Eng.] -Also


    I

    LL;n~

    (same pron.).

    to tour, travel.
    .,1
    I

    'W n--

    tht)/ V to pierce, stab; to stick into, put into. -Syn. li1"1,'11:W.

    'Ill 'lltl 'J


    d

    ( Llll~) thtithtaw/ {hf:tJ/)

    place to tour.
    L'Yltl 'J ~a~
    thtawl~tJ/

    L~tllilLl'Yl~
    1. on the way downstream,
    Ll'll~

    siadthtJ/ V to pierce, stab, sting. 2. elf. for pencil.

    th~:u/* C 1. bar, ingot.

    on the way south. 2. the downstream trip, south- bound trip, return trip.
    d

    ll '11 ~ thte:u/ V to miscarry, have a miscarriage,

    have an (accidental) abortion.


    Ll'l11~n

    l tJ l 'lltl 'J
    ..,
    'II

    pajthtaw/ to go around {here and there

    the:ul11ug/ idem. -Dis t.

    n1~--

    miscarriage,

    for pleasure), go out (as for an evening).


    d

    abortion. N

    ~lil~n. 'II

    i;J'W"1l 'lltl 'J


    d

    ( Fl'W) phfiu/namthtaw/ {khon/)

    ll 'Yl'W theen/ V 1. to represent, replace, substitute

    tourist guide.
    :l.J1l'lltl'J maathtaw/ V 1. to come around (e.g.

    for. sV 2. in place of, in lieu of, instead of, on behalf of, for (another). 3. instead, in place.
    ~--

    to someone's house for a visit). 2. to come and go around for pleasure, come on a pleasure trip.
    l~an
    ( l~fJn) th?ag/ {th?ag/)

    representative (in the legislature); delegate;

    agent, representative.
    li1 fJ'U LL 'Yl'W 6Jbtheen/ V 1. to repay, pay back.

    2.

    N 1. range (as of
    ~

    to reciprocate, retaliate. sV 3. in return, in exchange.


    li1 'Hl 'Yl'W

    mountains). 2. line (as of descent). C 3. line (in a general sense), order, sort. -Syn. 1.

    ( A'W, 'W 1 tJ )

    tuatheen/ {khon/, naaj/)

    N 1.

    rh. ~~.
    o
    ll~fJEJ::::

    representative, agent. 2. substitute, proxy.


    ~

    "'

    "' 1; ryy?araj/-th?ag/min/ or l'tlfJn'W'W

    '111illl'I1'W th6dtheen/ V 1. to repay, do in return.

    something along that line; or something on that order, of that sort.


    ~ "' '/J L'11 fJ n khtith?ag/ V co 11 o q. to be muddy, full

    2. to replace. sV 3. as a replacement, a substitute.


    l Tit! :l.Jll 'Yl'W thiamtheen/ V 1. to be a comparable

    of mud or dirt.
    lllfln l '/J 1 ( lllfJn) th?agkh~w/ {th?ag/)

    substitute for. sV 2. in place of, substituting N mounfor.


    ll'll'W~1JJ.

    tain range, chain of mountains.


    l'118nl1;)1

    "'

    ( lll611,f>i1tJ)

    theenkhun/ V to repay a kindness to. to replace. n 1 ~-displace-

    th?agtMw/ {law/,saaj/)

    ll'lll.J'Il theenthti/ v

    N lineage, line of descent.

    ment.

    urrw
    UTI'W n "l ::; theen'thtica::::
    d

    251 instead of (doing thus and marker ( NOTE.


    nigs~akaan'theen'

    h'\>}
    ) of the Thai writing system. should be distinguished from

    so).
    ~

    1~1 n

    an 'lj 1 n 1 ) bb 'Yl'W

    to act tempo-

    6 ~l'J 1L 'Yl.

    The former term refers to the written

    rarily in place of. chairman).


    6b TI'W ( 6b 'tl'W)

    ~--

    acting-- (e.g. acting

    symbol, the latter to the spoken tone. may represent either a high tone (when it accom-

    tMn'*(tMn')

    N 1. dais. 2. an ele-

    panies a low class consonant) or a falling tone (elsewhere). falling tone.


    6 ~l'J 1L '11 can only refer to the

    vated rectangular structure used as a seat or bed.


    I

    Ur1'W'U"'.i1
    'IJ

    (UYI'W)

    thtn'buuchaa'(thtn')

    N altar.
    1~

    6~l'J1L'tl siauthoo' N gram. thefallingtone.


    -See note under in 'Yl'W 1

    UTI'U thteb' AA 1. almost, nearly. qM 2. almost,

    1~1 '11

    above.

    nearly (in this use occurs before other qM but not before Nm; see 1st example). Pp 3. close to (used only as in 2nd example).
    ~

    rl

    thonth6o' V colloq. 1. to be obvious,

    clear, apparent. sV 2. obviously, clearly, apparently.


    1n:J-J'!T61

    -Syn. 1.
    2.
    d1eJLJ.

    bneJ'U,
    ' v

    'l1'W I!J,

    LJ11 ~>J,

    s1:J-J l\J.

    thoom'manad' lit.,eleg. V 1. to feel sad,

    o bb'Yl'UTinA'W thteb'tht1gkhon' almost everybody. o UTI'U 6'111 thtebthaaw' close to the feet.
    'l'WU'Yl'U ( "l::;) conthteb'(ca::::)

    sorrowful, sorry. N 2. sorrow, sadness. -+Syn.

    n n 'IJ..-1 f.l , 6 Fl ; 11 Fl n com. 9


    1 n :1 .

    almost to the point

    Abbreviation for 1 '11 S rf'W'Il.,.. followed by the number.

    "telephone"; usually

    of; so much that (he) almost.


    6b'Yl'U 'l::; thtebca::::
    bb 't'l:i n steg'

    AA almost, nearly.

    1'Y1 S-

    thoora:::: bound form meaning "far, distant/' -+See entries below. -+Cf. Eng. tele-.

    1. to insert between. 2. to push,

    squeeze through or into. 3. to permeate. 4. to be mixed (as a medicine).


    u"'..n .
    -+Ct.

    1mnfi'W.. as in n;eJ1LTISTIFl'W.,.. (n;eJ1)

    kl~u'thoora::::
    N 1.

    -+Also spelled

    thad'

    (kl~u')

    N telescope. thoorapMab'

    "1.1'16b s n

    1mm'W ( 6A!e11)

    (kh~au')

    bb 'Y1) n .V:J-J stegsym'

    to infiltrate, penetrate into,

    television. 2. television set. o 1nl'JLTISJl1'W widthaju?/thoorapMab' idem. 9

    permeate.
    66'Yl:inb6"1.11 stegseeu' V 1. to insert. 2. to inter-

    Lm

    6 A'/J
    ...

    ( QiJ'U)
    d

    thooral~eg' (chaba.b')
    thoorasab' (kh~au')

    N 1. tele-

    vene, interfere, intrude. intrusion.

    n 1 S--

    intervention,

    gram, cablegram. V 2. to telegraph, to cable.


    1m rf'Wn ( 6 As eJ 1)

    N 1. teletelephone,

    u'11) n 61 eJ li1 stegs:,:Jd' v 1. to interfere, intervene.


    2. to have (something) interwoven, be threaded (with). sV 3. by inserting; interweavingly.
    6b'l1:: th8r!/ V to gnaw, gnaw on, nibble on.

    phone. V 2. to telephone. telephone instrument. o

    bAS eJ 1 - -

    ~ eJ 1 '11 S rf'W'Yl.,..
    call.

    6:J'thoorasab' V to make a phone

    un::; .. '/J 11i1


    loose.

    the?/ ... khaad/ to gnaw off, gnaw

    1mrf'W;1'\J~1

    thoorasab'pajthY1J' to telephone

    (someone), call (someone) up. -+Chiefly in compounds. o 1mrf'W;1'\J'Vf1 thoorasab'pajMa' idem. o V!Lmrf'W; (el'W) hUu'thoorasab'(?an')
    'IJ

    1n

    thoo' Nm e leg. two.

    -cf.

    n 1 - , n 1 , u , 61 eJ 1 .

    <>

    J'W L'Y1 chanthoo' the second highest rank in civil

    telephone receiver.

    service.
    'W 1l'J'V'l&JL 'Y1 ( 'W 1l'J)

    1'11 J :l-J
    naajphonthoo' (naaj/) N 1.

    soom' V 1. to deteriorate, degenerate, decline. 2. to die down (as a fire). 3. to be ruined, worn out. -+Syn. 1.

    lieutenant general. T 2. Lieutenant General -See under


    'W 1l'J for other similar uses of 1 n.

    6~el:l-J.
    e 1 e g. 1. to be deteriorated.

    ns A1 TIs :J-J sudsoom' v 9


    I

    '\J ~bl!b'J 1Ln ( '\J ~bl!bl! 1) parin'jaathoo' (parin'jaa')

    worn out, in decay. 2. to be run down, sickly.


    1 'tl'lj ( eJ l'J 11 )

    N master's degree.

    tMod' (jaau')

    N com. N 1. punish-

    1~1 '11

    ( el'W) majthoo' (?an')

    N the second tonal

    ment, penalty. 2. harm, danger, ill effect. 3.

    1~~
    blame. V 4. to blame.
    v

    252
    Fl'W--

    (see below).
    v

    1.;eJ il[J 1~~

    Mj I? aphajjath6od' e leg. to pardon,

    '!W-- prisoner, convict.

    --Syn. 1.

    'ml!'ll eleg.

    grant amnesty (to).

    n ~ 1 'l1 ~~ klaawth6od' V to blame, accuse,

    1'11~::: thoosa?/ N eleg. anger, rage, fury. -Syn.


    hl1~ eleg.,
    1'11 ~::; l'I1[J thajl N 1. Thai. V 2. to be free. Fl'l1:WLnss com.

    charge (with).

    '!HJ1't1~ k:h5::>tMod'l V 1. to apologize. 2. Excuse


    me! Beg pardon! F1"1--+Syn. colloq.
    '1J eJ L'tl~'IJ eJ

    LflL~ thoos~o' N eleg. anger, rage.

    -Syn. See

    apology, excuse.

    'VeJ'\.J:i:::'t11'WL't1~ eleg. def., 't11'WLrl~

    -comp.

    1. l[;l

    if).

    hw

    k:h~btMod'kh5::>phooj' V e 1 a b.

    n s::; 't1 s 'l ~ :W'V!11ill '11[J

    krasuan'maba.adthajl Ministry

    co 11 o q. to apologize.
    Fl'W 1 'tl~ ( Fl'W)

    of the Interior. N 1. prisoner,


    Fl'W l 'tl[J ( Fl'W)
    (

    khontMod' (k:hon')

    khonthajl (khon')

    N Thai person. N Thai

    convict. 2. the accused (not a formal legal term).


    F111i11 'tl~ k:h~adth()od' V to set a penalty for the

    'til &il 't1 [J

    'til &1 )

    cMadthajl ( cMad')

    nationality; the Thai nation.


    V1'll'I1[J (Fl'W)

    chaawthajl (khon')

    N a Thai;

    next recurrence of a violation for which at the given moment punishment has been withheld.
    ~

    the Thai.
    '\.J S::: L'11Al '11[J

    pratMedthajl N e 1 e g. Thailand. com. to be Thai. 2. to be free.

    bin 1 'tl~ thuugtMod' to be punished, penalized.

    -+Syn. LlJeJ~l'I1[J
    L~'W l '11[J penthajl 1.
    <;;

    rf11'11~ thamth6od' V to punish, penalize. -+Syn.

    Gl~1'11~

    com.,

    ~~Tib\!'11..

    eleg.

    LLJ'Wl'I1[Jbln[;I'J

    'v

    penthaj/kEetua' to be independent.

    1'tl~Tib\!.; tMod'than'

    N eleg. punishment.

    cwsnl'I1[J phrfgthajl N pepper (whole or ground).

    1 ~~ L'\J 1 tModbaw' N com. 1. light punishment

    Jl1~1l '11[J

    ( Jl1~1)

    phaasa.athajl (phaasa.a')

    or penalty. 2. minor offense. eleg. -+Ant.

    -+Syn.

    61Vl1 '11~ 0

    the Thai language. LlJ eJ ~ l 'YW myanthajl N com. Thailand.

    1'11~VltTn.

    -s y n.

    L'tl~'\.JS:::'V!lSVi[;l tMod'-prahaan'chiiwfdl N 1.
    the death penalty. 2. capital punishment.
    1 'tl~'V!{i'n th6odnag' N com. 1. heavy punishment
    v

    '\.Js::: L'tlAl'tl[J eleg.

    a1 1l '11[J
    l't1[J't11'W
    d

    ?aawthajl N Gulf of Thailand. thajjathaan' (jaan') N alms.

    (eJU11)

    or penalty. 2. major offense. -+Syn.

    :W'V!'W[;I-

    LF1 S eJ -l- -

    idem.

    L'tl~ eleg. -Ant.

    1'11~LtJ1,

    't1 S saj' N banyan (Ficus benghalensis). [;] 'W- ( [;I'W)

    :W~'W [;11 'tl~ mah~n'tatMod' N e 1 e g. 1. heavy


    punishment or penalty. 2. major offense. -Syn. 1'11~Vl{\n com.

    t6nsajl (t6n')

    N banyan tree.

    JJ 1~~ miitMod' V to be harmful, produce ill


    effects.

    [Jn1'11~(1;)

    j6gtMod'(Mj:::::) V to forgive. 2. to take dis-

    th::>::>' LOW consonant. Pronounced th initially, d finally. The sound th as an initial low consonant is usually written '11 .

    61 ~ 1 '11~ lonth6od' V 1. to punish.

    ciplinary action. o '\J'I161

    -s y n.

    See '11"11 '11~. bOd'lontMod' (cha:::::


    51

    ~ 1'11~ ( ~Q'\J'\J, '\J'I1, ;eJ)


    kh~::>')

    ( ~'W)

    thou' (ph)Tyn')

    N flag, banner, pennant.

    b.?tbl, bOd',

    N penal code.

    5 nJ S::: q'1't11 &i

    ( ~'W)

    thon'pracamcMad' (ph)Tyn') -Also 5 1V1M. N flagship. N

    G'!Vl1't1~ lahu?ltMod' eleg. N 1. light punish-

    '

    N national flag. L~ 8 5 1 ( i.i" 1)


    o'W'\J[;I

    ment or penalty. 2. minor offense, misdemeanor. -Syn.


    1 'tl~ L'\J 1 com.

    ryathon' (lam')

    s (1 '\J, IQLJ'\J)
    banknote.

    thanahld' (bajl, chabab')

    ~ 0 1 L 'l1 '11~ samred'th6od 1 v e 1 eg. to execute,


    put to death. --Syn. See <;jjl com.
    1 ;1 'tl~ MjtMod' V to do harm, be harmful. 5'W'\J
    9

    thon'burii' pN Thonburi (Dhonburi), a city which lies across the river from Bangkok.

    fi'W1Fl1~

    253
    ( ll'Vl~)

    fi'W 1 Fl1 ~ fi'W 1 Fl1

    thanaakhaan' (htu')

    N bank.

    N the usual, ordinary, natural thing.


    ~1J.Jfi~SJ.Jtil1

    Hi 1 ~1 111:.1 thanaakhaan'cMadthajl Thai


    thanaa'mfdl (ba.j') N (postal) money

    taamlthammadaal usually, ordinarily,

    National Bank.
    fi'W 1Ji~ ( 1'U)

    commonly, normally.
    l ~'W fi S S J.Jtil 1 penthammadaal 1. to be natural,

    order. n 1 ~ - -

    money order transaction.

    normal, usual. 2. naturally. 3. of course.

    fi\{ thanuu' N 1. bow. 2. arrow. Chiefly in cpds. A'Wfi'W


    'II

    ~ r1 fi S S J.Jtil 1 phld'thammadaal V to be abnormal,


    unusual, queer.

    (A'W)

    khanlthanuu'(khanl)

    N bow. N

    ~n fi\{

    ( liHJn, ~n)

    Hlugthanuu' (d:':r.Jg', 11lug')

    8 1.1 1 ~ fi

    s s :lJ r11
    ( fil.iJ'U)

    jaauthammadaa' 1. as usual, in the

    arrow.
    fi ~ &. th::J:Jraniil N e 1 e g. earth, ground, soil.
    0

    ordinary way. 2. of the ordinary kind.


    6 nJ.J'Wbll
    'II

    thammanuun' (chaba.b')

    N code of

    --Syn. rl'W com.


    fi ~li1rw 1

    laws, charter, constitution.


    6 s ~:lJ\{bllel ~An 1 s 61'W\J s :::;'1.11'1.11 ~ thammanuunl-?ou::::
    kaan'sahaprachaalch~ad'

    ..

    th:J::Jranii'widthajaa' N geology.

    bl:Wfi ~&. mte'th:J:Jranii' N goddess of the earth. fi


    ~

    N United Nations

    S :lJ tham' N Buddhist teaching, righteousness,

    Charter.

    dharma.
    '1.1 8'\J

    sj fi s l JJ'Wbll
    'II

    ( fil.iJ'U)

    radlthathammanuun' (chabab')

    fi S S :lJ

    ch~:Jblthaml

    V to be righteous, just,

    N constitution (of a state, country).


    5SSJ.JbtJ1JJ.J

    honest.
    b

    (el~1~

    ,bb'U'U)

    thamniam' (jaau',bteb')

    rw ~ fi ~ ~ :lJ

    thtautham'

    to be upright, just,

    N custom, tradition, usage.


    'iJ'W'Ufi s SJJ l tJtl:lJ ( 81.11 ~, U'U'U)

    fair, impartial.
    b~'W fin :lJ pentham'

    khanob'thamniam'

    to be fair, just.

    Fl J 1 :J.j--

    (jaa:o'. beeb')

    N customs, manners, tradition.

    justice.
    ~ S:::; fi ~ S :lJ phnitham' N the Dharma, the Buddhist

    Fl1fiSSJ.Jb'iJ1JJ.J khftalthamniam' N fee, fees. 6 S ~ J.Jf'i 161 ~ S thammasaadl N 1. jurisprudence. 2.

    teachings.
    ~ ~:::; fi ~ SJJ b'YlA'W 1 phnitham'math~ed'sanAal,

    shortened form of the entry below.

    J.J'Vll1m.Jl61'1.l5S~JJA1611'1Hllil:::;n1Sdl8~

    maMa':::

    -thee'sanaal* N e leg. Buddhist sermon, preaching.


    :lJ'l;l"ee-1.1 5 ~ SJJ mam1dlsajatham' N humanity, hu-

    w i dthajaalajl -thammasaad'-lekaan'myau' N University of Moral and Political Sciences (in Bangkok).


    fi'Wd1F1JJ thanwaa-'khom-' N December.

    maneness.
    1'.1 A5 ~ ~ :lJ judtitham' N justice. V 2. to be just.
    9

    b~tl'W--

    idem. under
    fi l ~
    I

    -+The names of all the months are listed


    bA 8'W.

    --Also
    ~

    tl~~fi~SJJ
    9

    FS.

    'llil1'W fi S ~ :lJ wad'thanatham' N culture.

    ( 81.1 l ~ , '1.1'W111)
    ~

    tMad' (jaau'. chanfd')


    I

    N element.

    8 1 s 1J fi

    s s :lJ

    ?aa'rajatham' N civilization.

    lb1Jn fi l
    <OJ

    jtegtMad' V to analyze chemically.


    c<

    fi S S wJ 1 A thammachftad' N nature.

    fi 1 'W in

    1 '1.1 fi 1 'W

    ( Lb'Vl ~ ) rftadchathaa'niil (ht:o')

    niJ5nJ.J'I.i1~

    ('iJ8)

    "'

    kod'thammacMad' (kh~l:l')

    eleg. the capital (city). -Syn. com .


    I

    b~eHV!Iil'l~

    . 'iJ:W'Yl:i~t.Jfi:iSJ.J'I.i1A
    9

    N a law of nature, laws of nature. khi.1msablthammacMad' N 1.


    fi 1 S

    ( 6111.1 , bb Vl ~ )

    thaan' N 1. stream, brook (saajl,


    I

    natural resources. 2. an area of natural abundance.


    6 S S :lJ 1111 thammadaal V to be ordinary, natural,

    he:o'). 2. 1 it. water.


    G11fi1~ (6111J,bb'Vl~)

    lamthaan' (saajl,htu')

    stream.
    fln

    common, usual.
    niJ6 S SJJI111 ( 'iJ 8)

    thamro:o' V eleg. to maintain.


    1111 s "i .

    -Comp.

    kodlthammadaal

    (kh~:J')

    N
    0

    1. a law of nature, laws of nature.

    2. the way

    firl1

    (Fl'W)

    thidaa' (khon') See ~ n61 1 1 .

    N eleg. daughter.

    things are, the nature of things.


    I

    --s ;' n.
    fi s:::;
    9

    'iJ 8 H s s JJ1111

    ( 8 1'.1 1 "i) kh~::J:O'thammadaal (jaa:o')

    ( 81'.1 1 "i)

    thuni?l (jaau')

    N business, affairs,

    254 errands.
    n11n1~~~~

    'lJ'WWfl

    J'

    kh~n/n6g/

    to cock (a gun). N sparrow.

    Uawkaajlthura?/ to be officious,
    I

    'W n n S ~ "l eJ n

    n6gkrac:J::~g/

    interfere in the affairs of others.


    ~:;~n1:1 (W1~)

    'Wfl n S ~ 'l elfl b'l'l~

    n6gkrac:J:Jg/tMed/ N ostrich.

    thura?/kaan/ (jaau/)

    N 1.

    'Wfl n S ~ 'l1'U

    n6gkraca.ab/ N rice bird, weaverbird

    practical matters (of an administrative nature). 2. (as n. mod.) administrative.


    I

    (Ploceidae and other fa.milies).


    'Wfl n S ~ ~'U

    n6gkraclb/ N general name for various

    ~1~iJS~fl1:i
    q

    faaj/-thura?/-kaan/ 1. (on) the

    families of small birds, e.g. warblers (Sylviidae), etc.


    'WflflS~III'l

    practical side; the practical aspect. 2. (on) the administrative side; the administrative aspect.
    S :i ~ fi "l
    q
    I

    10

    n6gkrat{la/ N cockatoo f.Mal.]

    (Kakatoe).

    -com p.
    (
    I

    ~ 1 ~ 1'U 1 n 1 :i .

    [fl:i~l'l1

    10

    eW 1 ~) thUralUd/ (jaau/) N business.


    (W1~) tMra?/pa?pau/ (jaau/) N

    'W n n :i ~ b M 'W 'W n n :i


    ~~~

    n6gkraten/ N kingfisher (Alcedinidae). n6gkrathuu/ N pelican (Palecanidae). n6gkras&a/ N heron ( Ardeidae).


    n6gkaaukh~en/

    s:i~'l.J~~~ q

    colloq. business.

    'W n n :i ~ 6i 1

    6:i~l~1ti thUra?/m~jch~j/
    q

    colloq. noneofone s
    1

    'Wfl n 1
    'V

    6 'l!'W

    N dyal, or magpie robin.

    business.
    ~ ~~

    'Wflb6fl 1

    n6gktew/ N parrot. n6gkhunth:J:JD/ N talking myna, bird of

    HJ'W ( eW 1 ~)

    thUra?/r:S::m/ (jaau/)

    N urgent

    'Wfl~'W'l'leJ ~

    business.

    the starling family (Sturnidae).


    'Wfl 6 'lJ 1
    'V

    ilo ~ ~
    q

    miithura?/ V 1. to be busy, occupied. 2.

    n6gkh&w/ N turtledove, dove. n6gkhawmeew/ N a kind of owl. n6gduwaw/ N the Malayan koel, a kind

    to have an errand (to do). o FllJ!ilos~v~ls khun/-miithura?/?araj/ What's q q on your mind?


    b6i "l S :i ~ q

    'Wfl bFl1bb:W1 'W n ~ bVl'd 1

    of large black bird (Cuculinae). V to be finished with the


    'W n 'W 11 'W 1 6l 'Wfl'W 1 ~ bleJ'W

    sect/thUra? /

    n6gnaau nuan /

    N sea gull. -Syn.

    business at hand.

    n6gnaau?f:n/ N the swallow.

    o' l.J (A elfl) thtlub/ 'IJ

    (d~::~g/)

    N incense, joss stick. 2.

    'Wfla66eJ'W 'Wfl b'iJAJ1 'Wfllh 1'U 'Wfl ~ 1

    colloq. -See Note 2 under 'W1~. n6gpednaam/ N teal.

    b6el th;};}/ P 1. sp. to intim. or inf. you.

    eleg. he, him, she, her. --+In mng. 1 paired with Q'W "I, me."

    n6gphir~ab/ N pigeon (Columbidae).

    n6gjuuu/ N the common peafowl (Pavo

    cristatus).
    'Wfl6i1~n1
    '\JnV111il

    n6gs~.alikaa/ N the common myna.

    ( el'W)

    n6gwlid/ (?an/)

    N a whistle.

    'Wflfi'W'Yl~ n6g?insii/ Neagle.


    'W n:J:J/ LOW consonant. Pronounced n both initially and finally. The sound n as an initial low consonant is also sometimes spelled with 1JI, and as a final consonant with 6lJ , 1JI, :i , or 6l .
    'W. 'WflB66eJ'W

    n6g?ii?f:n/ N colloq. swallow. -Syn. com. -See Note 2 under 'W 1 ~

    'Wfl'W 11 bbeJ'W 'Wfl 6 a~ 1


    q

    ..,

    n6g?tau/ N singing myna. Resembles

    'Wfl'lJ'W'YleJ~.

    Abbrev. for 'W 1~fl 1 24 hr. basis). o oll . oo 'W.

    naalikaa/

    o'clock (on the

    'Wfl

    ~n

    n6ghflug/ N a kind of owl. labn6g/ V idiom. to fall asleep, doze

    V16l'U'W n

    s:S:Ju/naalikaa/ 2 A. M.
    'WFI
    ~

    in a sitting position.
    nakh::~::~n/

    'W n

    (i 1 , ~ ~ ) n6g/ (tua/, fuuu/) N 1. bird (tua/ 'IJ


    for individuals; fuuu/ for flocks). 2. the cock or hammer (of a gun). NOTE. In mng. 1 this is both the general term and the class term. When used as class term it is followed by a specific term. -See Note 2 under 'W 1 ~

    N city, town. NOTE. This word is

    frequently used in the names of cities and townships (changwats). It is eq. to Camb. Angkor.
    'WFl S 6:W nakh::~::~n/thom/ pN Angkor Thorn, the

    ancient capital of the Khmer.


    'W Fl S'W 1 ~ n
    nakh::~::~n/naaj6g/

    pN Nakhqn Nayok

    'WAS

    255
    (Nakom Nayok), a township in E central Thailand. canned milk.
    'WJ..J'tl'W nomkh6n/ N condensed milk. 'W:WI:I
    ~

    'W'JJ.J

    'WA :n.J~ :W nakh:xm/pathOm/ pN Nakhqn Pathom

    nomphO:g/ N powdered milk. 2. cow's udder. 2. evaporated

    (Nakorn Patom), a township in W central Thailand.


    'W A~ 'W'W:W nakh::>:m/phanom/ pN Nakhqn Phanom

    'W:W11 nomwua/ N 1. cow's milk. 'W:W Girl nom sod/ N 1. fresh milk.

    milk.
    +

    (Nakom Panom), a township in NE Thailand.


    'WA ~ ~ 1 'd~:w 1 nakh::>::>n/r~ad/chasiimaa/ pN

    o 'W:W Girl n ~::; 'lJ EJ ~ nomsod/krap:S:g/ N evaporated milk.


    'W:W'Vl'W nomni:iu/ N 1. (carburetor) jet. 2. nipple,
    'U

    Nakhqn Ratsima (Nakom Rajsima), a township in NE Thailand.


    'W A~

    --Colloquial name is

    1A~ 1 'd.
    ..,

    projection on which the gun cap is placed.


    'W1~'W:W

    .Jr1

    nakh::>::>n/wad/ pN Angkor Wat, ancient

    (A'W)

    naa:gnom/ (khon/)
    Lb:W'W:W

    N eleg. wet

    temple of the Khmer (in Cambodia).


    'WA ~A

    nurse.

    rs ~ ~ :w~ 1'd
    "'

    -s y n.

    com .

    nakh::>::>n/-sli/thammar~ad/ pN

    'Wo1'W:W namnom/ N milk. --Usually 'W:W mng. 2. Lb:W'W:W ( A'W)

    Nakhqn Sithamarat (Nakorn Sritamarat or Sridhamaraj), a township in S Thailand.


    'WA ~ Gi 1 ~~A nakh::>::>n/sawan/ pN Nakhqn Sawan

    mtenom/ (khon/) eleg.

    N com. wet nurse.

    --Syn.

    'W1~'W:W

    rrl'W:W
    i1'W:W
    I

    rtid/nom/
    ( A1)

    to milk. N milch cow.

    (Nakom Sawan), a township inN central Thailand.


    'W A ~

    wuanom/ (tua/)

    -Colloquial name is 'lJ 1nJ11 'W nakh::>::>n/ soopheenii, N courtesan,


    'W:W

    'VlfJ 1'W:W jaa/nom/ V to wean. tr1'W:W


    I.!:J

    h bJliJl , 'VIii!~ - - ( A'W )

    ( el'W, tr1)

    hi:ianom/ (?an/, hi:ia/)

    N nipple.

    ji:g/-nakh::>::>n/soopheenii/(khon/) prostitute.
    'WAs 'Vl6'!1
    ~

    in 'W:W'W1'W,'W1'W'W:W nomnaan/,naannom/ sV for a long time; long (ago). -com p. 'W 1'W.

    ..,

    ('WAs, Lb'Vl i)

    nakh::>::>n/lua:g/ (nakh::>::>n/,

    'W:W'W 1'W:W 1 LL6'!1 'WLtJ'U1fJ ( el'W)

    nomnaan/maaltew/ long, long ago. najoo/baaj/ (?an/) N policy.

    hf:::g/)

    N eleg. capital (of a country).

    'W ~ ::; 'W A s phranakh::>::>n/ * pN 1. Phra Nakhqn, the

    'WLf:J'll 1f:JA 1 ~'t.J s::; L'Ylrl

    najoo/baaV-taa:gpratMed/

    township in which Bangkok is located. N 2. capital city. o


    'd11'W~::;'WA~

    N foreign policy.
    11 ~ u

    1tJ 'U 1 fJ

    waau/ -najoo/baaV to lay down,

    (A'W) chaaw/phranakh::>::>n/ (khon/) 'W ~ .

    establish a policy. Abbrev. for

    N the people of Bangkok, Bangkokians.


    'W'W'YI'U
    ~

    11'n LrfJ 'W

    student, pupil.

    non/thaburii/ pN Nonthaburi, a township

    'W sn nar6g/ N hell.

    in C Thailand.
    'W'U in 'W'U'W EJ'U, 'W EJ'U'W'U
    n6bn~'bb/, n~::>bn6b/

    WJ ~ 'W S n h0a:g/nar6g/ N hell (implying vastness,

    V to pay

    depth, dreadfulness). naraa/thfwttad/ pN Narathiwat, a township

    respect by pressing the palms together; to lower 'W ~ 1 S11 Gi the body and press the palms together.
    'W'W n6b/,P..6bpha::::: rl11'W'WLA:ll::;'V!

    inS Thailand.
    Ln1 com. 'W1rl nOad/ V 1. tothresh(rice).

    Nm lit. nine.
    (li11~)

    -Syn.

    2. tomassage,

    daaw/n6bphakhr5?/ (duan/)

    knead.
    'W 11i1 'tJ 11 nOadkhttaw/ V to thresh rice. 'W 1

    N the nine planets.


    'WJ11 naphaa/ N eleg.,lit. sky, firmament. -Syn .

    ..,

    mfu

    nOad/fan/ V to massage by kneading (the

    'l'l1 com., 'WJ..J

    b1'Vl1

    lit.

    flesh).
    D'U'W 'J li1 'Vl:W El'W 11i1
    ~

    ( L1111 , 'tJ 1 ~ , 'tJ 1 rl ) nom/ N 1. breast, udder


    (t~w/,

    blib/nOad/ V idem.
    ( A'W)
    d

    khttau/), 2. milk (khuad/ or other appro-

    m:5::>n0ad/ (khon/)

    N masseur,

    priate container elf.). 3. any protuberance or appendage resembling a breast or nipple.

    masseuse.
    'W 1 'WfJ 1 fJ ( Ls EJ
    ~

    ) nawanfjaaj/ (rya:g/)

    N 1 it. a

    --s y n.
    +

    1.

    ilu

    e 1 e g.
    +

    novel.
    (krap~tJ/)

    'W:Wn ~ :;;'t.J H

    ( n S :;;'t.J EJ ~ ) nomkrap3tJ/

    'W'JJ..i

    ('tl1~

    ..,

    ,I:I'W)

    "'

    -c o m p.

    ll ~~ 1 fJ

    nuam/ N 1. padding. 2. boxing

    256

    '\HH
    <:

    gloves (kMau'). 3. quilt, comforter (ph)Tyn').


    " J' bn 1 8'\J 'J :J.J .., ( r;J 'J ) k.1w?ti'nuam' (tua')

    'W eJ n 'tJ ~ ~ b A'W n:'log'praden' to be irrelevant, off

    N over-

    the subject.

    stuffed chair.
    Lb'i'J'J'W'W'J:J.J khwtennuam' V idiom. to quit box-

    'WeJntJ~li'VI1 n:'log'panhaa' to be beside the point.


    'WeJn b~1~ 'W eJ n b s- eJ
    d
    ~

    n5ogmyau' out-of-town. n;'logryau' to be off the subject.


    d
    1~

    ing: "to hang up the boxing gloves."


    'lJ

    j;J1'\J'J:l.J

    (~'W) pManuam' (phyY"n') N quilt, com-

    o 'l;ifil'WeJn b ~ vantly.

    phOud'n:'logryau' to talk irrele-

    forter.
    'W 'l :J.J nOam' V to be soft, flaccid, lacking firmness.
    ..!
    <:

    'WeJn6'l'WeJn'fl1 ~
    'II

    n:'loglOu'n;Jogthaau' e lab. colloq.

    -comp. 'tql:l.l,'W:J.J,88'W.

    -Ant. bb 'i'J ~ , n

    ~~

    1711

    off the track, on the wrong track.


    'W eJ n bvrw eJ 'l1 n

    'W'Jfl nuanl V 1. to be soft-colored, cream-colored.

    n5og'nyaca.ag:::

    over and above,

    2. (the complexion) to be delicately beautiful; (the face) to be radiant; (the face) to be nicely powdered .
    'W:l.J'W 'J fl ntmnuan' V 1. to be gentle, tender,
    ..!

    aside from (that).


    "' :!::: o 'WeJnbVf'WeJ'l1n'W'\.J n:'lognya'dtagnan' moreover,

    besides that, above and beyond that.


    '!JnbStJ'W'\.JeJn (Fl'\.J)

    nagrian'n5og'(khon')

    Nl.

    gracious. 2. to be graceful, smooth (in action). sV 3. tenderly, graciously; smoothly, grace fully. -syn. 'tql:l.l'W'Jfl. Miss; young lady.

    a student studying abroad. 2. one who has received his education abroad.
    'U1'\.J'\.JeJn
    (bbVf~)

    Mann:'log' (hen')

    N colloq.

    'W 61 Abbrev. for 'W 1 ~ 611 'J 'W 8 ( a'W) 'W 8 Lb ~ 171

    1. the country (as opposed to the city), countryside, rural area. 2. (as n. mod.} rural, countrified.
    b'tJ ~ ) n'W ) n

    noo' (?an')
    ( a'W)

    N horn (of the rhinoceros).

    noor~ed' (?an') N rhinoceros

    -syn.

    'li'W'U'fl

    eleg.

    -+Cf. cJ'J b~1~.

    horn.
    'W8n n~og' sV 1. outer external.

    ( b'tJ ~ ) n , a'\.J)

    plyagn:'log' (plyag', ?an')

    2. outside. 3.

    N outermost shell, e.g. epicarp (of the coconut).


    ltJ'WeJn, l'tJ b~1~'\.JeJn

    outside of. -Ant.


    'i'J 1 ~ 'W 8 n Fl'W'W8n
    khdun~og'

    1'W.
    (khon') N an outsider,

    pajn:'log', pajlmyaun:'log 1 to

    outside, the outside.

    go abroad.
    Jl1 tJ'\.J eJ n phaajn:'log' N outside, exterior; external.

    ( Fl'W)

    khonn~og'

    nonmember.
    'W 8 n n ~J'I.Y:J.J 1 fJ n:'log'kodmaajl to be unlawful,

    n 1 ~ - - external affairs.
    b~1 ~'\.JeJn

    myaun;'log' N foreign country; abroad. myaun:'log'myaunaa' N elab.

    illegal, illegitimate.
    'W 8 n Fl d 1 :J.J
    n~og'khwaam'

    b~eJ~'WeJn b~1~'\..!1
    to be beside the point.

    colloq. foreign country; abroad (usually the U.S. A. or in Europe).


    S eJ'U'\.JeJn r5obn5og'

    'W 8 n Fl eJ n n5ogkh5ogl V c o 11 o q. to veer off the

    proper or expected course (of action). o fln'WeJnFJeJn


    'II

    1. outside, outer area, periph-

    (Fl'W)

    10ug'n5ogkh5og' (khon')

    N
    I

    ery, outer part, outer layer. 2. outside (of), around the periphery (of).
    61 d 'W'\.J ) n b !eJ'WeJn
    ..,

    a black sheep, a prodigal.


    'WeJn'l1n n5og'caag:::

    1. besides, outside of,

    suann5og' the outer part.


    ( l'!'J) s9an:'logl (tua')

    aside from. 2. except, other than, excluding, beyond. o 'WeJn'l1n'J 1 n5ogcaagwda' 1. unless. 2. provided that.
    'WeJn1'l n;Jog'cajl V to be unfaithful (to)(of hus'W )

    N coat, outer coat.

    Vf 'J '\.J eJ n

    hi'ian;)og' c o 11 o q. a person brought up or

    educated abroad.
    ~

    noon'

    1. to flood, inundate. 2. to be flooded, -+Often used of flooding with other -s y n. 1. 'l1 'J :J.J .

    inundated.

    band and wife}.

    n 1 ~-- infidelity, being unI

    liquids besides water.

    faithful (esp. toward one's spouse).


    'WeJn'I11'W
    ('WBn'li1'W,Lb'Vi~)

    '\.J eJ ~ b ~ 8 A noon'l9ad' V to be bloody, covered with

    n5ogchaan' (n:'logchaan',
    '\.J1 ~

    blood, sanguinary. eltJ 1 ~-( '11 1 ~, 'W1 'I)

    in a bloody manner.

    hu') N (uncovered) porch, open patio (adjoining the house).

    n:'lu'*(khdau'. n:'lu') N calf (of the

    leg).

    'lHH

    257

    'YleH'WeH th:bnn~n' N idem. 'Ylei[i]'WeH


    th~::>dn~n'

    fellow citizens.
    ~f1'W8~
    'II

    sV in a leisurely manner, at

    (Fl'W)
    ..,

    laugn:S::>n' (khon')

    N colloq.

    a leisurely pace (in ref. to walking).

    underling, subordinate.
    ,J

    'Wei~ m ~ n~n 1 tYD 1 V to have a charley horse in


    the leg.
    'Wei~

    n'W ~ n'Wei~ 1Qugphtillaugn5::>n' N cousins in general.


    ~

    'Wei'W

    n::>::>nl V 1. to lie, recline (of animate beings


    J.,

    (Fl'W) n:S::>n' (khon')

    N com. 1. younger

    or statues). sV 2. lengthwise, on its side. NOTE. Sometimes coupled with See 'W ~ Fl A'W ei'W Fl [iJ
    tl'W'W ei'W
    <:&
    A A

    sibling, i.e. younger brother or sister. P 2. I, me (yg. sibling to older sibling, wife to husband, younger person to slightly older person). 3. you, he, him, she, her (sp. to or about one's yg. sibling, one's wife, a slightly younger person). T 4. title used before the first name of a
    . ,J

    'W~

    "to sit."

    below.

    kinn::>::>nl V 1. to eat and sleep (at a certain

    place, esp. when done habitually, frequently, or for a period of time). sV 2. modifier used as the equivalent of Eng. "boarding," as in the following example. o
    l'

    yg. sibling.
    'Wei~ l 'IW

    Co mp. 'W

    "older sibling."

    ( Fl'W) n:S::>nkha8jl (khon') N brother- in-

    1s H
    ..,

    Sli'Wtl'W'Wei'W

    ll~~, 1s H

    Sli'W)

    roonrian':::

    ..,

    law who is the husband of one's younger sister.


    ( Fl'W) n:S::>nchaajl (khon')

    kinn::>::>n' (hen'. roonrian')


    'IJVI1'J'Wei'W l'IJ1'W8'W
    ~ d ~'Wei'W

    N boarding school.

    'Wei~'l11ll

    N 1. younger

    khtilhaawn::>::>n' to be a sleepy head .


    kh~wn::>::>n'

    brother. 2. s 1 a ng

    m. s p. (younger) partner,

    V to retire, go to bed.

    bud, buddy (in addressing someone).


    '!.1 ei ~

    uaann::>::>nl
    ( b ~ ll ~ )
    ,J
    ~

    to be sleepy, drowsy. N bed. N mattress.

    "1 n:S::>nn:S::>n 1 1. younger brothers and sis-+Used mostly with

    l ~ ll ~ 'W ei'W
    ,J

    tiann::>::>n' (tian')

    ter. 2. co 11 o q. secondary to, inferior to, next in importance after. a preceding elf.

    'Yl'Wei'W 'W ei'W f1 'W

    ( ei'W, '11)

    thtin::>::>n' (?ani, thti')

    n::>::>nk('}nl V to settle on the bottom, pre-

    cipitate.
    'W ei'W l~

    'W8~~'J

    (Fl'W)

    n:S::>nphua'(khon') N brother-or

    n::>::>ncajl V to be nonchalant, unconcerned,

    sister-in-law of a w. in ref. to her husband's yg. brother or sister: "husband's younger sibling."
    'WeiHJJll (Fl'W)

    easygoing, trusting; to take (things) easy.


    'Wei'W~l'U'U

    n::>::>nbtb' V to lie helpless, spent (from

    overexhaustion, hurt, illness). n:S::>nmia'(khon') N brother-or


    'W ei'W Lbe.J

    n::>::>npht:1 V to lie sprawled out, (esp.

    sister-in-law of am. in ref. to his wife's yg. brother or sister: "wife's younger sibling."
    ; 8~

    on one's back).
    ~

    'W ei'W'W ~ 'W 1'\.J 'W ei'W 1~V!Gl'\J

    n::>::>n'phanphtlab' V to lie flat, face

    ~::: 1;

    (Fl'W)
    ( Fl'W)

    n:S::>nsapMjl (khon')

    N sister-

    down, prone. n::>::>n'mtljlab' to be unable to sleep,

    in-law who is the wife of one's younger brother.


    'W 8 ~ ~ 1 'J

    n:S::>nsaaw' (khon') N younger

    to lie sleepless.
    'Wei'W~ ~

    sister.
    ;8

    (1) n::>::>n'lon'; (2) n::>::>n'lonl

    1. to lie down

    ~ 1VI~

    ( Fl'W)

    n:S::>nmajl (khon')

    N 1. newborn

    (from sitting or standing position). 2. Lie down!


    'Wei'WVI61'\J

    brother or sister. 2. freshman in a college or


    ,~

    n::>::>nlab' V to sleep, be asleep. n::>::>n'mtljlab' to be unable to sleep,

    ...

    university. 3. new member.


    (Fl'W)

    o 'W ei'W 1~VIA'\J N brothers, o

    'W'W8~

    phtin:S::>n'(khon')

    to lie sleepless.

    sisters, brother and sister, brothers and sisters; cousins.


    A

    'Wei'WVIAm'l'\J~'I1f

    n::>::>nlab'-tMb'sld' idiom.

    to be neglectful in exercising one's rights (as


    j~ad'phtin:S::>n'

    ,J

    'V

    ~ 11il'W'W 8 ~

    ( Fl'W)

    (khon')

    when failing to vote in an election).


    ~

    relatives. o 'W'W eH m VI~ 1ll phtin:S::>n'thanlaajl l Friends! (used when making an address) .
    .J
    V
    I 4

    o 'Wei'WVI61'\Jtlll 9
    ~

    n::>::>n'labpujl to sleep soundly,


    d

    ,J..,

    sleep like a log, be fast asleep. o 'W ei'WVI~'\J "1 lil'W "1 n::>::>n'-lablab'tyY!ltyyn' to

    o 'W'WeH n:w'li1[il

    phtin:S::>n'-rCamlch~adl

    (one's)

    sleep fitfully.

    'iHJ'W

    (9)

    258

    'W el tJ

    (9)

    "" tJ Iii 'W tl'W l vm


    'W~

    n;,;,nj l.ad 1

    to lie stretched out, lie

    ' elel'W'Wtl:W(Iilel)

    ?~;,nn:5;,m'(6;,:::::)

    V 1. tosubmit

    down at full length.

    (e.g. to someone's authority). 2. to be respectful (toward), mindful (of) (e.g. one's elders).
    'W el tJ

    "'

    "' "' A!ii'Wel'WA!il n~:glkhf.ctl-n;,;,nlkhfdl V to think


    unceasingly.
    ( ll'Vl~)

    n:S;,jl V 1. to be little, less, small, slight

    'Ul'W dl!ii bJJtJ~'Wel'W

    Mank~dd'mya:gn;,;,n'

    (in quantity). 2. to be lesser, minor, inferior. Nm 3. few (with or without a following elf.).

    (ht:g') land.

    N e lab. colloq. motherland, home-

    ----c o m p.
    :Wlfl, ( tJ
    ~A)

    Y1'W tJ tJ

    _..Dist.

    bfilfl.

    -Ant.

    l IJ'W el'W pajn;,;,n' V to retire, go to bed.


    ~~

    1Y1~.
    ( n t1 1 , n ~H ~Iii)

    ::;'W tl'W

    "'

    phni?n;,;,nl (?o:g')

    N a reclining

    n t1 ~ ~fii'WeltJ
    'IJ 1 ~'Welt!

    b;,:gphonn:S;,jl (b;,:g'.

    Buddha (i.e. Buddha image).


    rii:WJil'Jfil ~'Wel'W 16mtua'lo:gn;,;,n1 V 1. to lie down,

    k;,;,:gphon')

    N brigade. N the minority (esp. in voting) .

    ...,

    kh~:gn:S;,j'

    lay oneself down. 2. to flop down (as on a bed).


    ; :WY1:W el'W'W tl'W b ~ el

    1"1'\.Jtlf.J

    cajn:S;,j' V to be touchy, sensitive, easily

    l6mm~bnln;,;,nsya'

    V e lab.

    offended.

    co 11 o q. to fall sick, be brought to bed because of illness.


    b 'l fill 'W tl'W weelaan;,;,nl N 1. bedtime, time to

    'tlfl'1JJfl bfilfl:W:W'WeltJ 9 9

    ..

    ..,
    thugs5;,g'leg'-mum'n5;,j' elab.

    every little nook and corner, every little nook and cranny.
    ~

    sleep. 2. when (one) goes to bed, while lying

    'Wtlf.Jfl 'l 1 :W1fl'Wfl n:S;,j'kwaa::::: ... m:!ag'nag'

    ..,

    down, while sleeping .

    ..,

    considerably less than, very much less than. N bedroom.

    Y1el~'Wtl'W

    ('Y1tl~)

    h~:gn;,;,nl

    ~ el tJ 1 "l

    n:S;,jcaj' V to feel slighted, feel inferior,

    Vl'l'WtJ'WIJrii1tJ~'W hlian;,;,n'plaajtiin' N idiom.


    the background of a person (esp. as it relates to his social status).
    Y11'l'Wtl'W haawn;,;,n' V to be sleepy. 'W el'W 1.\:J. See entries below. In this usage 'W tl'W has

    feel neglected (by others).

    ~eltJ l'\1tl~o11"l
    resentful.
    'WeltJ:W1fl

    n:S;,jnya'tamcaj' V elab. colloq.

    to feel slighted, feel inferior; to feel sore and

    n:S;,jrn~ag'

    very few, very little, very

    no independent meaning of its own, but merely serves to rhyme with r;j tl'W. ' ' 'J1'W tJ'W r;j tJ'W ~ 'W w~an;,;,nls::S;,n:g~aj' e lab. co 11 o q.
    1. to be tractable, easily led, compliant, obe-

    small in number.
    'W el f.J ~ 1 f.J n:S;,jlraajl rare, few cases. 'WeltJfil
    ~

    n5;,jllo:g' to decrease, diminish, dwindle.


    1. to feel inferior (to).

    'WeltJY1'W 1 n:S;,jn~a'

    2. to

    dient.
    'l' 1'Wel'W8 el'WtJ 1fl
    w~an;,;,nls::S;,nj~ag'

    be outdone, take second place. e lab. colloq.


    t:J'Wtlf.J

    1. to be hard to teach, unmanageable, untracta-

    "'

    ( Fl'W)

    phOun:S;,jl (khon')

    N 1. an inferior,

    a junior person, a younger person. 2. the little

    ble, disobedient, unruly.


    'W tl'W m

    in bb'W''W el'W

    nten;,;,nl V 1. to be certain,

    fellow. _..Opp. ..., l7n'Welf.J rnagn:S;,j'

    ;1 Y1~. "'

    1. to be content with little,

    definite. sV 2. certainly, definitely, absolutely, positively, of course. fl1 S-'W el 'U n5;,bl V to bend, bow.

    be satisfied with what little one has. 2. to be


    unambitious.
    d

    certainty.

    -+Ant. 1.

    d7nd.J1n.

    2.

    ~nol~~-

    _..Chiefly in compounds.

    :W 1 n'W el tJ See entries below.

    'Wtl'U'W'U, 'W'U'Wel'U n5;,bn6b', n6bn~bb' V to pay res-

    o n:W 1 fl 'W el tJ how many.


    'd ..,

    klirn~agn:S;,j'

    co 11 o q. how much,

    pect by pressing the palms together; to lower the body and press the palms together .
    'W el'U'W el :W ( li1 tJ)

    ..,

    '

    o l:wfl:W1fl'Wtlf.J rn~jkli'm~agn5;,jl colloq. not so much, not so many.


    il'W el tJ rniin:S;,j' there is little (of something), there

    n~;,bn:S;,ml(r;);,::::;)

    V 1. to show

    respect (to). sV 2. respectfully.


    'W tl:W n:bm' V to bend, bow.

    _..Chiefly in compounds;

    are few.

    see entries below.

    ~'Welt!~ 1tJ rniin:'iJjlraajl there are rare cases.


    biJf.J'WeltJ (A'W)

    ~el:W1"1

    n:S;,m'caj' V to humble one's heart.

    rnian:S;,jl (khon')

    N corn. minor

    259 wife; second, third, or subsequent wife; concubine. -+Syn. Jl:lHI1'WH.I eleg. implication; lst-3rd examples. As a mild question 'W::; is often comparable to English "may I? won't you? aren't you? isn't it? okay?" etc.; 5th-7th examples. However, in this use, runn:eu'-m.jn5::>j/ to be quite
    'l.J::; is

    1~~J tJ
    o :l'WU:l
    9
    I

    m.jn5::>j/ not a little, i.e. quite, consid-

    erable.

    ~ 1~~Jtl

    sometimes best left untranslated; 4th example. As an expression of mild reproach, 'W::; is often

    severe.
    ..-"'

    l:w:w1nn'WJtl

    m~jm~ag'k~n5::>j/ whether many or

    interposed between double occurrences of a noun or pronoun, but the repeated segment may be omitted without changing the meaning; 8th and

    few, whether much or little; if not a (whole) lot, then (at least) some.

    1~ LL;LL~~Jtl m~j::::: ... meetE:en5::>V


    little bit, not in the least. o

    not even a
    0

    9th examples.
    lil bJ :l ~'l.J::;
    ~ ~

    diilciuna+ How nice! Isn't that nice!

    1~&11tJLL;U~~Jtl m~jsuaj/-meeten5::>j/
    in the least beautiful.

    is not

    (either sincerely or sarcastically). o ~l;l::;'l.J::; diillanal Very well! All right! Okay!

    in L~n'liL:Wti~Jtl lag'h~g'-khamoojn:S::>j/
    colloq. to pilfer.
    ...

    V elab.

    So that's how it is! (as in response to a disappointing action; may also express feigned disappointment).
    I

    L61n'WJtl legn:S::>V sV 1. a little bit. 2. little by

    "'

    little. See cross reference. o


    I

    eltl 1'l.J::;

    jaalna~

    Don't (do that). Please don't.


    'l.J::;
    <9!.

    Llll n 1' 1 . L~ n~ J t1
    V

    too 1 kwaa::::: ... legn:S::>V a

    -ct.

    2nd example under


    'II

    little bit bigger than.


    &1 'd'W'Wltl suann:S::>j/ N minority, the small part. Fl'W-- the minority (of people). 'VI'W'Wltl
    'II

    o LFl~'l.J::; :W1lfl1::;tJ~::;III

    khraj/na maakh:S?Ipra:::::

    tuul ~ Now who could that be knocking at the door? Who is it comes knocking at (my) door? o 1 'W 'W J 1 n 1 Alil'W::;
    v .:\'

    (Fl'W)

    ntiun:S::>j/ (khon')

    N baby, little

    wannf il-? aaHtadl diil- nal Isn't

    fellow, small child.


    Jtl 1 ~'Wltl jaaun:S::>j/ at least; as a mininum. 'W J tJ I.!:J. See entries below.

    the weather lovely today? It's fine weather today, isn't it? It's fine day, isn't it? o fhJ'l.J::; kinlnal
    "'

    1. Can (I) eat (it)? (I'll) eat (one),

    ~J t1 'VI~ 1
    ph6n')

    ( 1LJ , An , J;J 61 ) n:S::>jnaa' (baj/, Ulug',


    'II

    okay? 2. Won't (you) eat (it)? Why don't (you) take (it)? (as when gently urging a child to take his medicine). o 1tJ;'dtlrl'l.J'l.J::; paj/d11ajkan'-na'l Let's go together,

    N rough-skinned custard apple. III'W--

    "' ( III'W) rough- skinned custard apple tree (Annona


    squamosa).

    ~ eW 1'VI~~
    ph6n')

    ( 1LJ, 61 n ,
    'II

    e.J

    A ) n:S::>jnoou' (baj/, lO.ug 1 ,

    okay? Why don't we go together? o


    L6J'l.J::; L6l rt1l:wl:wue:Jn1'VIH~J~'U1~
    'II
    1
    q_,<U

    N smooth-skinned custard apple.


    ( III'W) smooth- skinned custard apple tree

    th<'l<'l'na:::::

    "' III'W--

    th<'l<'l' thammaj/m.jb:J::>g'-Mjn1ur1au'Mul Oh, you, why didn't you tell me? o iftJ'l.J::;iftJ

    (Annona reticulata).
    'W J :l L1 tJ n::>::>rawee' pN Norway. [f. Eng.] 'W::; na' Pt 1. particle used to make an utterance

    l~L~[J'WQ~ LS1;1~

    bAt! chaj/nachaj/

    m1jkhian'thY1:Jraw'- Mul88j/ l That Chaj! He hasn't written anything to us at all.


    tJ::;
    C9J

    gentler, milder (lst-3rd examples). 2. particle indicating a mild question (4th- 6th examples), sometimes with an additional element of invitation, coaxing, suggesting (6th-7th examples). 3. part. expressing mild reproach, disappointment, criticism (8th-9th examples). -+Cf. 2. the first example under 'l.J::; of 'l.J::;
    <9!.

    n.?l, n~.

    n.1al Pt 1. particle used to express

    urging, insisting, importuning (lst-3rd examples). 2. particle indicating qualified or equivocal acceptance or agreement (4th example). NOTE.

    'W::; and 'W::; are contrasted in the first example


    below. o lLJ'W::; paj/nal Will you go? Won't you go?
    l;fl

    NOTE. In all uses

    there is an element of gentleness, mild-

    ness, and in some cases this is the primary

    i\J

    paj/m.1jd.1aj/-khrab'l No, I can't.

    lLJl~ 1\J~::;

    260
    pajln~a'!
    I I

    Oh, do go! Corne on, please go!

    NOTE 2. All nouns based on un take fi'W as their common classifier uniess otherwise marked, and ( fi'W) is therefore omitted below. ' ~ (for men) and 111'W

    o eHJ 1'W::: jaa'n~L jaa'n~a'! D.on't! Do stop it! (irritatedly). -Cf. 3rd example under 'W:::.
    V
    I

    The elegant classifiers 'W l

    o :W1llW:J'W:o rnaaltew'n~a! (He) must have come.


    0

    (for persons of either sex) may be substituted for fl'W when an expert or authority is referred to; hence ( 'W 1 ~) and ( 11l'W) are also omitted.

    'Yh'W:o'l'f1llil ll[j]fH1 'd l:wlil tharn'n~?/ tharnld~ajlth;klua'rn~jdiil!

    q,

    cv

    lq

    - -

    I can do it, but I'm afraid it


    ~

    won't be any good.


    'W::: 1-'l
    n~?/

    'Wnn:lJ~:W1U

    nag'kOdrnaajl N legal authority.

    Pt colloq. particle marking the topic

    !Tnn1 naglkawiil N poet. un n 1 ~


    '\1

    about which an immediately following comment is made. o bi'W'W::: 1As<jneJU1n11il :n~m'n~?t- khrajkhrajl::: k3jaagda.ajl! (Now you take) money-- everybody wants to have (it). o 61:w'W'W::: ~'d1'Wiil s6rn'ntiln~? waan'dii'L
    s6rn'ntif~? waan'diil! co 11 o q. These oranges
    Q.l

    wigkaant N messenger. nag'kaanthCud' N diplomat. nagkaanlphanan' N gambler. naglkaanrnyau I N politician.

    ITn n 1 ~ rJ fj)
    q
    Q.l

    un n 1 ~'WU'W 'W n n 1 ~
    ~

    "' eJ i l :W

    !Tnn1~An'l:f1 nagkaan'sygsaa/ N educator.


    i!nn'W1

    ~I

    nag'kiilaat N athlete.

    !Tn l ~U'W nagkhian' N writer, author. un l-11U'Wn 1l fj)'W nagkhiantkaatuunl N cartoonist.


    Q..l

    here are nice and sweet. NOTE. In ordinary


    J/1

    Jr'

    '\1

    speech 'W'W::: is pronounced

    ntiln~?

    or ntifa_?,

    'Wn~

    nagcti' N slang hold-up man. nag'chiiwawidthajaa/ N biologist. N musician.


    <V

    but neither pronunciation is reflected in the orthography. o


    r.J ~~ ~ 'W:::
    '\1
    V
    1

    !Tn V'd 1rJu 1 !Tn lil'Wfj)


    ~

    s nag'dontriil
    n
    -Also

    llfj) Hl'd '1.1 1 l 61:J-J eJ pht'l.ujiu'n~? tE:utua:::

    'L'

    'Wn

    d lil:W~

    nagd)ryrn'suraat N e 1 eg. a heavy


    'Wnlil:W
    d
    <V

    chaa'sarn;~;}'! Women (you know), always take

    drinker. colloq.

    -Syn.

    'Wn liiH

    l~R1

    a long time to dress. o rJFlblJ,'d 1:W1'W::: l:w~ ~ i ciu'!


    d
    d
    I I I A

    '

    thtikhunw~alrnaan~? rn~j:::
    I

    i!n l fj)'\.J f1
    <V

    "'

    nag't~nrarn' N dancer.
    nag'tf:uphleeu' N song writer.
    nag'th~uthtaw'

    What you said is not true.


    J J
    ~
    I

    'W n llfj) ~ l 'W61 ~ 'W nrJ eJ i l r!U 'd un l ri~'W


    <V

    o l:WeJ[j)eJ'WrJFlblJ,:W1 bt'W:W'W::; 'il,'Wl:W61'Ul[J rn9at::>::mlthtikhun'rnaajtarnl -n~? cMnrn~jsabaajl! When you come to see me I was not well. The time you come to see me I was not well.
    ~

    '

    N tourist, traveller. N preacher.

    ( Fl'W)

    nagtMed' (khon')
    "'

    UlilL rl'l:f nagth6od' N prisoner, convict. Un'U'd'IJ

    (s'li,eJ~Fl) nagbuad'(rCub',?ou') N '\1

    'Wn t0 nag:::. Bound stern meaning "expert, authority."

    ascetic, priest, hermit.


    !Tnii'W nagbin' N aviator, pilot.

    NOTE 1. 'W n is used to form one kind of agent noun and may be placed in front of nouns ( lst3rd examples) or verbs (4th-6tb examples). Although it often refers to a person trained in a given field or activity (1st-4th examples), some uses are neutral or ironical (5th and 6th examples). The word may usually be translated
    by the English suffixes -er (-or), -ian, -ist

    i!n'Ublj nagbun' N saint. un L'Us 1blJ,F1 ~ nag'booraan'nakhadiil N archeologist.

    '

    un'li~:::~'W6

    nag'praphan' N poet, writer, author.

    !Tnt!~ 1'1.ib!J nagpraad' wise man, learned man, philosopher, sage.


    !TntJ13n

    nag'paathog' N orator,lecturer.

    (1st-5th examples).

    -See fi'W "'.

    unn 1 ~ ii nw 1
    expert."

    i!ne.J~blJJlU nag'phacon'phajl N adventurer.


    un'Wiil
    '\1

    nagkaan/ sygsaa/ educator: "education

    nagphCud' N orator, expert speaker.


    "'

    un~'WM ~ nag/dontrii/ musician: "music expert."


    un ~11~ 1 fi 1 ~ M; nag/wfdthajaasaad/ scientist:

    Un'Wfj)'\J eJR 61
    <V

    'Wn:W'd U nagrnuajl N boxer. i!n lb~'WlJ'W


    <V

    '

    naglfudb;:,n/ N football player.

    "science
    ' d L11~

    expert.~

    un'\j'W nagbin/ aviator, pilot. 'W n l1 eJ 1


    ~

    nag'rn~npyyn'

    N sharpshooter.

    nag/th~!Jthtaw/

    tourist, traveller.

    'Wn S'U
    <V

    nagr6b' N warrior, fighting man. nagr5::>U' N singer. migrad'thasaad' N political scientist.

    .Y

    'Wn'

    nagcti/ slang hold-up man: "(rib)-tickler."

    'Wn !Tn

    ~Eli

    s3 ~ 161 fj) s

    261
    !Jn b Sll'l,J migrian' N student, pupil.
    0

    co 11 o q. to favor highly, like very much. o


    b~'W!Jn b~'WVI'W 1 pennag'pennaa' e 1 a b. co 11 o q.

    !Jn b StJ'Wn'W'tHJ'W

    nagrian'kinn:x:m/ N boarding-

    school student.
    0

    extremely, highly, roundly, unsparingly.

    iJn b s[J 'W "if 1 [J


    student.

    nagrianchaa

    schoolboy' male

    :w 11llil eJ :w 1 n 'W 1l

    m~agtt:,::>m~ag'- nag'

    so much, so

    many, a great deal of.

    !Jn b S[J'W'Vl~i nagrianjitJ' N schoolgirl, female

    l~ .. !Jn m~j ... nag'


    factory). o o

    not very, not so very (e.g.

    student, coed.
    ~

    big); not too (e.g. difficult); not quite (e.g. satis-

    'W1l611i1l~::::bi.J1

    nagh1an'krapiiw' N pickpocket.

    iJ'1161:::: As nag'lakh::>::>nl N 1. devotee of the theater.

    2. authority on drama and dramatics.


    !Jn b61 i

    1~1 VI~!Jn m.1jjajlnag' not very big; not too big. Vl1l;l~ll 1n!Jn haada.ajlma.jj~ag'nag' (it is)
    not too difficult to find. jtnnag' exceedingly.
    'W1~

    nagleen' N 1. rogue, rascal, gambler.

    2. bold person, sporting person. 3. big-hearted


    ~~

    ~ ~!Jn
    'W~

    person. 4. person who is an authority on something. o !Jn b 61 i

    na:u' T derog. shortened form of

    used

    for both married and unmarried women.

    Lli1

    migleen'too' N 1. indomitable per-

    'W -1

    n.1n' V 1. to sit. 2. to ride (sitting in a vehicle).


    ~sometimes
    J_.,
    A A

    son. 2. rogue, gangster, hoodlum, thug. o !Jn b61 i VJ!J 'I~ eJ nagleen'nansty' N an authority on books. o
    d
    ~

    coupled with 'W eJ'w "to lie." See


    J....
    A A

    1H 1l'W'WeJ'W1l'W, 'W1
    ~
    ~

    A~l'WeJTJAiil

    below. N seat. V to lead an easy

    ll'W1

    (ll)
    ~

    thtin.1:u'(thtil)

    !JnbiiHVl'Jl~

    nagleen'Mamaajl N colloq.

    'Wi1l'W'WeJW1l'W

    n~nkin'-n::>::>nkin 1

    rogue, scamp, gangster, hoodlum, tough guy. o !Jn b61 ~ bVl61 1 nagleen'l~w' N co 11 o q. a heavy drinker.
    ~syn.
    ,I..,
    ~

    life.
    'U

    'W ~ b n 'l eJ

    n~n'k~w?ti!

    V 1. to be seated, take a

    'W1llill-H1 :J 1 el eg.
    9
    ~

    seat. 2. co 11 o q. to take a position in, have a seat in, take an office.


    'W ~ l '1J '.l WI~ 'W1Aiil'WeJ'WFllil
    ~ ~
    ~
    A A

    !Jn'd11ilb~[J'W nag'w.1adkhlan' N artist (expert in


    drawing).
    !Jn 1 ~ 1 :Jb)), nag'wfcaan' N critic, commentator.

    1"'

    na.:u'khwajha.a:u 1 to sit cross-legged. na.:ukhfdl-n::>::>nkhfdl V to think

    ,.., o !Jn1~1HU'IJ1'J nag'wfcaan'khaaw 1 N news


    commentator.
    a-'

    unceasingly. 'i-H'V1'U b'V1tJ'U


    ~ ~

    '"'

    n~n'phabphtab'

    to sit with both legs

    !Jn 1rw 1 f'l1611i1 s mig 1 wfdthajaasaad' N scientist.

    folded back to one side.


    'W1b:WeJi na.nmya:u' V togovern,rule.
    &-'
    ~ ~

    iJn A1l "ei 1

    m.ig' sygs:la I. N student.

    !Jn~'U nagstyb' N detective.

    o 'IJ't..!'Wi b:WeJi
    ~

    kh9nn~:u'myan'

    colloq. to become

    !Jnr~!J~ ~ eJY1:w;
    ~

    nag'nans)Typhim' N journalist.
    ~Dist.

    the ruler of a country.


    'W'ilJeJi
    ~

    'Wn

    lJ

    nag' sV so, so very; so much.

    :W11l.

    "]

    n~:u'j::>::>tJj::>::>tJ'

    V to sit on one's heels;

    ~Syn.

    bVi~ eJ bn'W.

    NOTE. In negative phrases

    to squat.
    'W 161 1
    ~

    (e.g. those containing

    l~

    "not,"

    eJ~ 1

    "don't")

    n~n'lon

    to sit down.

    !Jn is often translated (not) so very (e.g. big),

    'W -1 61l :W lo1 eJ na.:u' saaml5::>' to ride in a samlor, pedicab.


    ~

    (not) too (e.g. difficult), (not) quite (e.g. satisfactory). See o eJ lJ 11l

    lil ~ n ~ lil'W i

    phudh1g'phudn.1:u' e 1 a b. co 11 o q. to be

    l~ .. !Jn

    below.

    repeatedly getting up and sitting down again (e.g. because of restlessness, impatience).
    :W 1'W 1 ( li1 1)
    ~Also

    "" ~ bVl'W'W 1l jaag'Mn'-! nag'* (I, m) so anxious


    "'

    to see (it).
    'Wll'Vl'W 1 nagniia' so very much, extremely.
    ~ ~

    maan.1n' (tual)
    ('VleJ~)

    N bench. (M:u') N lounge

    VleJ~'Wi

    b61'W

    h~:u'n.1:ul~n'

    Vl'W 1l Vl'W 1 .

    NOTE. 'W 1l

    and Vl'W 1 are often used


    ~

    (as in hotel or school).


    'Wiil
    Gil

    in split expressions as in the following examples. o VeJ'UiJ'n"'JeJ'U'Vl'W1 ch~::>bnag'cM::>bnaal V elab.

    nadl V 1. to make an appointment, set a date, set the time. N 2. appointment, date. C 3. shot, round (of firing), round (of ammunition). 4. the

    262 occasion, occurrence (of a race, a meeting).


    cW111ll'W::: nad'n?1 to make an appointment, make

    of oranges.
    V

    !:;

    o 51:Wb'U'W'w'W:::
    V

    bii1n d1'W1i.J

    s6m'bajnanln.i? leg':::

    arrangements (as to when, where, what, who).


    cW111'\-l:W 1 tJ nad'm.1ajl to make an appointment, set

    k;;,;;,nlpaj~ That orange is too small.


    ~
    I

    c;

    o 51:W'W'W'W:::

    bfiln b n'W11J

    s6m'n~nn~?/ leg'k;;,;;,nlpaj~

    a time or date.

    n 1 ~-- appointment.

    That orange is too small. Those oranges, they're too small. o B.~ vriU ~ 'W 'W u ll1 ~
    '\1
    V
    ~

    ~111cW111 phld'nadl to miss an appointment.


    ilcW111 miiruidl to have an appointment.
    ~

    u11 'If 1 L51 :w el

    ph1luj I:nlnan/ te:ntua:::


    I
    ~

    'W111 l!J mid 1 V to sniff up, breathe (something) up

    chaa1-sam8;;,~ (As for) women, they always take

    into the nose.


    cW111[1 in tJ1cW111[1
    9 9

    a long time to dress. ---Also 51 1'\.JB-I'Vlbli~'W'W--. jaanad' (h~::JI,khuad')


    ~

    1::

    ('Vlel,'tJ'J111)

    o '11flbl61 1J.J1'W'W 1:w~ S "i thtikhunw~a'maanan' m~j::: q ci:n' ~ What you said is not true. "The (thing)

    a::;

    '\1

    A.

    N snuff (tobacco preparation).


    ~

    'W'W

    n~n'

    dP 1. that (one). 2. there.


    J

    -co mp. 'W'W. o

    that you said is not true."


    LJ.Jellilel'W'l1Abi6:W1 bt'Jt'J:W'W'W ~'W1J.J51'U1t'J m~at::J::Jn 1 q
    d

    -See also
    ~

    'W,

    L'W'W

    1::

    o 111'W'Wll'W::: duun.in'nt?~ Lookoverthere! o 'W'Wbl'Vl,1::: n~n'le?/~ That's it! That's the way it is!
    ~

    thtikhun'maajtam'nan'
    11::

    chanm~jsabaajl

    That

    time when you came to see me, I was not well.


    blfl'W'W kh~e'nan', kh~enan' up to that point, that

    o ell tJ 'Vl:W el'W'W


    d~

    ?~jm::bln.in

    that guy.
    I
    ~

    far, that much, to that extent.


    1::

    'll'W'W
    ~

    thtin~n/

    there. "just, simply; the same, the

    b 'lf'W'W'W
    lil ~ 'W'W 1::

    ch@nnan/ like that. da:nnan' like that, in that manner; like that,

    'W'W bel~ n~n?ee:n'

    same as," in various idiomatic uses; see example. o ... b'\J'W:W 1111 '1 'W'W bel~ penmaa' diidii'-n~n:::
    ?ee:n'~ (What you saw there) is just an ordinary
    ~

    of that kind; thus, hence, so.


    1:: lllS ~'W'W 1:: 1::

    tro:nnan' right over there. tha:nnan', tha:nnan' 1. all of them, any of

    <=>l

    J_,

    '111 'W'W

    them, all or any of them, every last one; everything, anything, everything and anything. 2. all
    1::

    horse, just a good old horse.


    'W'W nan' dA that, those. NOTE 1. 'W'W
    ~ ~

    is usually

    the same, either way.


    I I 1::
    ~

    ---Cf. '11 nl 1 ~
    ,

    preceded by a elf. (examples 1-3), and if no num. is expressed, reference is to one (item,
    ~

    o 1:w1 'lf'YH'W'W
    ~

    m~jch~jltha:nnan' neither of them,

    not either of them; none of them; not any of them.


    l '111'W'W
    1::
    th~wnan'

    group, etc.) of something (examples 2- 3). But 'W'W may appear without a preceding elf. in the se~
    I

    1. only, only that, just that. 2.

    that much, that many.


    'W'W

    quence 'W'W'W:::, and the quantity, whether one or


    ~
    I

    '1 nannanl such; those.


    ~A ASJ'W'W
    ~

    many, is determined by the context. then pronounced


    n~nn~?l,

    'W'W'W:::

    is

    o
    1::

    '1

    bugkhon'nanmin' such persons,

    but there is no change


    I

    individuals; those individuals.


    'W'W l fJ -1

    in spelling (contrast examples 3 and 4). NOTE 2. Expressions introduced by


    ~
    I

    nanl?ee:n' that very, that very same.


    ~

    51 1'W "part"

    o
    ~

    '1

    b'W

    1'W'W'W bell

    najlwannanl?ee:n' on that very day,

    are closed by 'W'W, and


    d

    51 1'W can sometimes be

    on that very same day.


    ~

    omitted (5th example). In the same way relative clauses introduced by '11 may occur with or without a preceding elf. or noun but their close is clearly signalled by the presence of 'W'W which has the force of Eng. "the" (examples 5-7).
    .., 1::
    ~

    'Uiil'W'W
    ~

    bad 1 nan 1 then.


    ~

    B.J:W l 0 i'W'W
    1:: 1::

    phl'>m?ee:n'nan' as for me. jt:n'kwaanan' moreover.


    ~ ~ ~

    t'J1n11'W'W

    o tJ 1 ~ 'W'W jaa:unan', ja:nnan', ja:n:nan/ like that, that


    way, of that sort. _..Also tJ Hl'W, tJ 11 'W _
    :B

    -For

    examples see cross reference .


    ~

    o 51:w l!J bi.J'W'W s<:lm'-s5::ltJbaj/nan1 those two oranges .


    .., 1::

    'W'U

    nab' V 1. to count. 2. to regard, consider (usually with l D'W or 1 1 )


    1

    o 51 :wn S::: ~ 1111'W'W s<:lm'- kracaad'min' that basket

    cW'U ...

    1;

    nab' ... d~av

    1. to be present in small

    263 numbers: "can be counted". 2. can be regarded (usually with


    'U'U lil ~ lllil
    ""' 1::

    'Ul 11

    from transplanted plants.

    11) . starting from, since.

    '11 1 'J 'U 1 ( A'U) chaawnaa' {khon') N farmer, rice


    farmer.
    'li1'Jla''li11'U1

    mib't~ute=::

    ""' 'U'ULllil mib'te=::

    starting from, since. 1. to respect, revere; 2. to profess, l A 1 ~ 1"1 e leg.

    chaawr~j/chaawnaa'

    farmers (of

    ""' "' 'W'U ml nabthty' V com.

    all kinds} . ...,


    'll.ll'U"ll '/J 1'\J 1 th6dnaam'-kh~wnaa' to irrigate a

    to look up to,
    d ......
    Ci

    hav~

    respect for.

    believe in (a religion). --s y n.


    ~

    field.

    o rl'W'U bleJn'W thtinabthty'kan which is wellregarded, accepted as a good thing.


    '!T'U llJ'U

    '11 D1'U 1

    th6::>unaa' N paddy field, expanse of a

    paddy field.

    (1) nab'pen'; (2) nab'pen=::

    1. to know

    ;D1l~;D'I'U1 th6::>ur~j/th5::>unaa'
    fields of all kinds.

    N elab. colloq.

    how to count. 2. to be considered, reckoned as; counted by (e.g. the millions).


    '!T'U 1~ ~11.!
    ""' v
    I

    rh'U 1 thamnaa' to farm, do rice farming.

    n1 s--

    nab'm~jthOan'

    countless, innumerable.

    rice farming.
    I

    --com p.

    '11'11;.
    N field. N field crab, a small

    'U'U11JU!il nabwanlt=:: 'U'U 1 1 mib'w~a=::


    ""' I

    day by day, as days go by.

    'Q ~ 'U 1
    'li'U 1
    'II

    ( lb'Vl-1)
    (

    thaunaa' (hu')

    to be regarded, counted as, taken

    til1 )

    puunaa/ (tua')

    as, considered to be.


    ""' 'UtJ

    fresh-water crab.

    naj/ C 1. sense, meaning, way (of explaining). 2. hint, intimation. o 'V'llill'iJ'W'ITt.i "]
    'II

    lJjD~'UDn lJjD1'U1 myaun~::>g'myaunaa' N elab.


    colloq. foreign country, abroad (usually the

    ( 1'1)

    phaud'pennajnaj/-(w~a')

    U.S. A. or in Europe).

    to hint, intimate {that). o


    ""' d Dn'Ut.J'Vl'U~
    ~

    1~ ~'U 1 ( 1~ 1)
    farm shed.

    roounaa' (roou')

    N farm shack,

    ?lignaj/nyu in other words; in

    another sense.
    ""' 'UtJ'U naj/, najja=::.

    l ~'U 1
    'Vl'U 1'\J 1 'U1 11 in

    (Uti 6'11)
    n~anaa'
    J.,

    r~j/naat

    {pleeu')

    N field, farm.

    See entries below. --com p.

    N rice-planting season.

    'UtJ'Ul.
    ""' 'UtJ'Wiill

    'li'J'U1Wltl chOanaa'taapiil elab. colloq.

    ( lil 'J 'I, '/J 1 ~)

    najtaa' {duau'. kMau')

    year in and year out, forever.


    'U 1 m .

    com. eye.
    0

    --Syn. See !ill com. kuan'najtaa/

    See 'U 1 'U 1 .


    '\J::;.

    n1'U1Jt.I'Uiil1

    ""'

    slang tooffend

    'U'l

    ..: naa'. Variant of

    one's sight.
    ""' o lil 'J 'I'UtJ'Uiill

    o dJ'UtJln'U1lln'U1
    ( lil 1 ~)

    manj~ag'naa'-kewaa'~ It's

    duau'najtaa' {duau')

    N
    'U 1 <9J

    really difficult, you see!


    n~a'.
    "< ~
    I

    com. eye. o Sin1JtJ'Uiil1


    'll

    ..

    _,.S y n. See !ill .


    (Sin)
    'U
    'II

    Variant of

    '\J::;

    lOug'najtaa' {lOug')

    N eye'U l

    o n '!'Ue1l'U 1 k~uan'siin~a' that's it!


    11
    n~a=::, n~a' =::

    ball.

    _,.Also
    (lil1'1)

    S1 n !ill .

    1. bound stem placed in front of

    '!TtJ'Ul'Uiil~

    naj/jan~ed' (duau')

    N eleg.,

    verbs to make new verb derivatives. AA 2. ought to, might like to; usually used in combinaI

    lit.eye. --Syn. See !ill com.


    '!TtJ'Ul (lil1'1)

    naj/janaa' {duau')
    ""'

    N eleg.,lit. eye.

    tion with "l::; ; see 'U 1 "l::; NOTE. 'U 1

    below.

    --Comp. 'Ut.J'U.
    'U 1
    <9J (

    --Syn. See !ill com.

    in mng. 1 has such translations as

    Ll'li6H

    ,1;)

    naa' (pleeu'.

    r~j/)

    N 1. paddy (see

    "leading to, inducing to, arousing to, attracting to {do thus and so)"; also sometimes "interesting (to do)" or "worth {doing)." It may sometimes be translated as -able {1st example} or as -ing or in other ways (2nd-5th examples). Derivatives made by this means are frequently used with
    Dt.ll~

    field, rice field. 2. field, farm. '111 'J-below). --Dis t.


    la'. --+Comp. 1'H.

    -+Some1

    times coupled with l


    ...,

    ~,

    e.g. '111 1 l ':i '111 'J'U 1,

    '

    ;D'Il~;D~'U1

    below.

    '/J11'U1lJjD~ kh~awnaamyau' N low quality rice


    from plants sown broadcast.
    '/J 1 1 'U 161 1 'U
    kh~awnaasuan'

    (3rdexample}. to be believable: l ~D to

    N high quality rice

    ~ 1l ~D n~ach~a'

    'W 1

    [!]

    264
    I

    'W 1 'W 1'11 ~


    d
    n~ath91J'
    I

    [!]

    believe.
    I I

    V colloq. to be interesting. com.

    o 'W181'W

    n~a?aan' to be worth reading, interestI

    ~syn. 'W1Gi'W1"1
    '-"

    <'J

    ing to read: eJ 1'W to read.


    o
    eJf.I1~'W111'W jaann~al?aan'

    'W 1'W'U bl1

    n11a'mibth)Ty' V to be worthy of respect;

    interestingly, in
    I

    to be venerable, estimable.

    a manner worth reading. o 'W 1 nWl


    I
    ~

    ~ 11Tiil ~ n~a'badslil
    'W1'\J~::;Vl6111il

    V to be disgraceful, shameful. V to be surprising, in a strange way,

    n~aklual

    to be frightening, scary,

    n~a'pralaad'

    dreadful, fearful, horrible, terrifying, terrible:

    strange, marvelous.
    I A

    eJf.l 1 ~--

    n ~ d to fear, be afraid.
    o 'W 1'W'U bleJ
    I

    mysteriously, surpisingly. to be worthy of respect;


    'W 1~A 'l ~

    "'

    n~a'mfbth)Ty'

    n11a'phfsawou' V to be amazing, astoneJf.J 1 ~-- amazingly, aston-

    to be venerable, estimable:
    'W 1 n61 d n~aklual, n11a'klua'
    ~

    ~'U~1 to respect.
    to be frightening,

    ishing, perplexing.

    ishingly, surprisingly.

    scary, dreadful, fearful, horrible, terrifying, terrible.


    ~
    I

    ~ 1'1i~
    I
    ~

    n11afau'. n11a'fau' V to be pleasant to listen

    to, interesting to listen to, beautiful (to hear).


    n~a! kh1a'n~aklua'

    ov

    'W 1n61 'l'W 1n61 'l

    V co 11 o q. to

    'W 1 s n n~anigl, n11a'rag'

    to be lovable, lovely,
    A'l1:W-- loveliness,

    be very scary, extremely frightening, dreadful.

    attractive, charming, cute. charm.

    ~1n'J'W1'l n~a'kuancajl
    ing.

    V to be annoying, irritat-

    'W1i'~ bnf.l"' na.a'rauklad' V 1. to be objectionable,


    repugnant, offensive. 2. to arouse aversion.
    I

    'W 1 fi'W n~akin', n11a'kin' V to be tasty-looking. 'W 1 bn 61 f.l lil n11aklladl, n~a'kllad' V to be ugly,
    I

    <>

    'W 1 f1A 1bll n11a'ramkhaan' to be annoying, disturbing.


    '

    unsightly.
    I
    ~

    A'l 1 :W-- ugliness.

    'W 1

    n11a'ruu' V to be of interest, interesting,


    I

    'W 1 6J'W n11akhan1, n11a'khan' V to be funny, comi-

    i.e. interesting to know, worth knowing.


    V

    cal, amusing, ridiculous.


    'W1Ali1 n~a'khfd' V to be worth thinking about.
    ~

    o "1J 1 'l'W 1 ~ 'W1111Jn

    'IJ

    khaaw'n~an:iu'

    news of interest.

    n11a'witog' V to be worrisome, alarming. n11a'wajcajl V to be trustworthy.

    'W 1 Sl::;

    n~alca:::::
    ~syn.

    AA colloq. ought to, might like


    Fl'l~

    ~ 11 ;1"'
    I '-"

    to.

    com.

    'W 1 Gi ~ GitJ n11a'sous<l.jl V 1. to be doubtful, suspicious,

    o 'W 1 Sl::; eJ 1'W n11alca?aan' (you) ought to read it.

    questionable. 2. to lead (one) to suspect.


    I

    1~~ l Sl::;
    G I I

    m11jn11a'ca::::: ought not to, should not.


    I

    'W 1 Gi ~ Gi

    (1) na.alsousaan'; (2)

    n~al sousaanl ~

    oobr1n1JJ'W1Sl::;eJ1'W deg' m11jn~a'ca?aan' children

    V 1. to be pitiful, pitiable, pathetic. 2. What a pity!

    ought not to read it.

    ~ 1 ~'U1"' n~a'cabcajl
    sive.

    V to be captivating, impres-

    ~1Gi'W"l"'
    d 'W1'11~
    I
    I

    n11a'soncajl V to be interesting. colloq. n11a'sanug' V to be fun.


    n~a'-sajod'saf'l8D'

    ~syn.

    ~11"1Vl1f.l
    I

    n11a'cajhaajl V to be shocking, fright-

    'W 1 Gi'Wn
    I

    ful, frightening.
    'W 1'li:W n11achom', n11a'chom' V 1. to be admira-

    'W1GitJiilGif.leJ~

    '

    V to be horrible,

    dreadful.
    I

    ble, praiseworthy. 2. e l e g. to be delightful to look at.


    I

    'W 1 Gi 'l :W n~asuam'. V e 1 e g. to be pretty, nice-look-

    ~syn.

    2. 'W11il com.
    'IJ

    ing, comfortable to wear (as of clothing, jewelry).

    <>

    'W 1r11"' n11a'diicajl V to arouse feelings of glad-

    ness, to be delightful.
    J ' ' 'W 1li1:W n11adyym', n11a'dyym' V to look good to
    I

    ~ 1 b ~f.J1"' na.a'siacajl V to be regrettable. ~1 b~f.llil1f.J (1) n11a'siadaajl; (2) n.1alsiadaajl~


    V 1. to be regrettable. 2. What a pity! What a shame! It's too bad!
    I

    drink, look inviting (of a drink).


    'W 1 ~ n~aduu', n~a'duu 1 V to be worth seeing,
    I
    I

    'W 1 eJ lil Gi n~al?odsuu' V to be shameful, disgraceful.


    'IJ
    a'

    pleasant to see, look at. o

    ~s y

    n.

    'W 1 'li:w

    e leg.

    'W1eJJl~JJtJ na.a?aphfrom' V eleg. to be pleasing.


    enjoyable, delightful.
    'W 1 eJ ~ n~ajuu', n11a'juu' V

    1~~ 1 ~ m~jn11aquu'

    to be not worth seeing,

    unpleasant to look at, not nice (to see, look at).

    to be cozy, liveable.

    265
    A1 ll-J--

    coziness, liveability.

    o 'W l 1 'e1il na'4)rabam/ dancing girl: '"1il to dance.


    o 'W l1 'Ul-1 naaunom/ wet nurse: 'Wl-1

    'W 1 eJ 1'W n1ia?aan/, n1ia/?aan' V to be interesting

    to read, worth reading.

    N breast;

    "' W Ill n1ia ?enduu', n1ia/?enduu' V to be cute, 'W 1 l eJ'


    'U

    milk.

    lovely (as a child, pet).

    A1 1l-J-- loveliness.

    NOTE 2. In rare instances

    'W l 1 occurs as a

    ~~1l~1

    mfn1ia/11iw'! Nowonder! -+Also :W'W161:::

    part of the common names of birds and animals: lst-3rd examples. In even rarer instances
    'W l 1

    mfnta'l1i !.

    replaces

    8 which occurs

    in the correspond-

    1~~ 1 l ~eJ
    eltl 1 ~--

    m1ijntach?a' to be unbelievable. unbelievably, extraordinarily. It shouldn't have been

    ing colloquial names; 2nd and 3rd examples. o 'Wn'Wli'W1~ o 'WWW l


    ( i1) 'W n 5Ll ~'W

    n6gnaaunuan/ (tua/) seagull.

    1~"~1l61tl m1ijn1ia/!la<)j/~

    Hl~'W ( i'l) n6gnaau?tn/ (tua/) com.


    ( ,)1 ) n6g?ii?tn/ (tua/)

    swallow: co II o q.

    like that at all! (I, he, she, etc.) shouldn't have (e.g. done that, forgotten that) at all! (implying disappointment, surprise).
    'W 1

    o V18~'Wl1~i-1 (i1) oyster:

    h5jna'4)rom/(tua/) com.

    V1 8 (J ~ HJ h5j?iirom/ colloq.

    ( A'W)

    naa/ (khon')

    N 1. younger maternal uncle

    ~'W'W

    1~

    ( A'W, 'W 1 tJ)

    khfinnaau' (khon/, naaj/)

    or aunt, i.e. the younger brother or sister of one's mother. P 2. I, me, Uncle, Aunt (yg. maternal uncle or aunt sp. to nephew or neice); you, he, him, she, her (sp. to or of yg. maternal uncle or aunt). T 3. title placed in front of the first name of the younger maternal aunt or uncle.
    ~~'W

    1. noble, honored person (often in government

    service). 2. the nobility, with conferred rank. -Seeunder 'U'W. -+Dist.


    'W 1 ~ n"1tl61 ( A'W)

    '

    l"l1'W1tJ.

    "

    naaukamnan/ (khon')

    N personal

    maid of a queen, or of a princess.


    'W 1 ~if naauchii/ N nun. 'W 1 ~ 'Wl-J

    -+S y n. See

    ll~iJ.

    -+Opp. ell,

    " --+Dist. iiH,'lJ1.

    1 khunnaa/ P you, he, him, she, her (sp. to

    '

    naaunom' N e leg. wet nurse. -+S y n.

    lll-J'Wl-J com.
    'W1HJ~~Fl:l:JJl

    or of one's yg. maternal uncle or aunt).


    'W 1 n
    0J

    naau'phaduukhan' N eleg. midwife. c 011 0 q. N queen. N

    n1iag' N alloy of gold and copper.


    (rl1)

    -s y n.
    'W 1 ~ '1'16\! 1

    Vll-J eJ iii"llltJ

    'Wln lD

    n1iag' (tua')

    Notter.

    ( eJ

    ~A

    naauphajaa' (?on')

    'W 1 A ( eJ ~A, rl1 ) n1iag/ N 1. man entering priest-

    "w 1 ~ '1'1 tJ 1'\F161

    ( Fl'W)

    naauphajabaan' (khon')

    hood, postulant (?ou'). 2. Naga, a legendary serpent (tua').


    'W 1 ~ ( A'W, 'W 1 ~)

    nurse (as in a hospital).


    'W 1 ~ 'W 1 ( eJ ~A ) naaufaa' (?ou') 'W 1 ~ l~

    N angel, fairy. N wood fairy,

    naau' N 1. lady, woman (khon',

    ( eJ ~A)

    naaumaaj/ (?ou')

    naau'). 2. element placed before nouns or verbs to form female agent nouns. T 3. title placed before the first name of a married woman, hence "Mrs." 4. title used for females of birds and animals. 5. bound stem used in a few bird and animal names (not restricted to females); see Note 2. P 6. she, her. C 7. writ., e leg. elf. for ladies.
    v

    female tree spirit.


    'W 1 ~ :l ;;ti"1 naaurabam' N dancing girl, (woman)

    dancer.
    'W 1 ~ 61:::: A~

    naaulakhJ::m' N actress; woman dancer,

    performer.
    lJ 1 ~ 811 naaus~aw'

    N 1. young lady, miss. T 2.

    title placed before the first names of unmarried women, hence "Miss." -+Abbrev. 'W. 8. o 'W 1 ~ 8 111 'Yltl naausaawthaj/ Miss Thailand, i.e. the Thai beauty queen.
    'W 1 ~ l eJn naau?eeg' N 1. leading lady, heroine (as

    -+Opp. 3. 'W 1 tJ.


    0!.

    -Dis t.

    'W ~ .

    -+See 2.

    A'W

    NOTE 1. 'W l 1 is sometimes placed before


    verbs or nouns to form female agent nouns,

    usually but not necessarily providing an elegant speech form; see examples. All nouns based on 'Wl1 take Flu (or 'Wl1 writ.,eleg.) as
    v

    ofaplay). 2. colloq. wife.

    'iJ 'J 'W 1 ~


    'W 1l]n :J :Jl-J

    ( 111
    .d

    niwnaau' (nfw')

    N ring finger; N drama,

    their classifier unless otherwise marked; hence


    (fi'W)

    ( l :l eJ 1)

    n1iad'takam' (t1au 1 )

    and

    ('W!i)

    areusuallyomittedbelow.

    play, dramatic performance.

    'W1~

    266
    'W 1 :J..it/1 n n 1 ( 'W 1 :J..I) naam/paagkaa/ (naam/) pen name. 'W 1 :J..Ilb~
    ~

    'W 1 f.J N

    'W1~ naathii' C minute (of time). -+Also spelled 'W1efi.


    l ~:J..I'W 1~ ( el'W) kMm/naathii/ (?an/) hand (of a clock or watch). 'W1'W naan/ V tobelong(oftime). -Comp.'W:J..I'W1'W. -Syn. 'U1
    ~

    N minute

    ( 'W 1 J.J)

    naamfteu/ (naam/)

    N pseudonym,

    assumed name, pen name. 'W1:J..Jl:1n61


    9

    ..,

    0J,

    l'W'W.

    -Often coupled with

    ('W1:J..JSniil)
    9

    naamsakun' (naamsakun/)

    'U1

    0J

    ''slow."

    N surname, family name, last name.

    'U1'W l'W chaa/naan/ V. to be long (of time). 'W 1'W l ~ 11 S 'W l'W

    iJ'W1J.JL~~r)~
    com .

    miinaam'-doou'dau/ eleg. to be -Syn. :J..I'/Iel


    ""d. 'l
    LA~Ai
    I
    <V

    naan/th~wraj/

    how long (of time).

    widely known, renowned.

    ..,

    AS 1 naannaan/khrau/ once in a long while.

    1::

    5.l'U1il'W 1'W michaa/mfnaan/ writ. not long (afterwards), soon (afterwards).

    iJ'W1J.JeJL'JJ'\;I miinaam1?ukh6od/ eleg.


    9

    idem.

    S 1 f.J'W l:J..I raajnaam/ N e 1 e g. list of names, roll, soon. to be not very cast (in a performance). l ~eJHl1:J..I ryau'naam' V eleg. to be famous, renowned. register. -Syn.

    1~J1l~'W 1'W m~jcMa/m~jnaan/ l~'W 1'W l ~ ll S m~jnaan/th~wraj/


    long (of time).

    Slf.J~el

    com.

    ~'W'W 1'W jyyn/naan/ V 1. to last, endure. 2. to


    live long.

    ~n l~'W 1'W ?ligm~jnaan/


    'W 1'W
    0J
    tV

    not much longer.

    fH'W1:J..I

    lou/naam/ V eleg. to sign, sign one's

    n~an/
    I

    pN a township in N Thailand.

    ll:J..I'W"1'W 1'W mtenaamn~an/ pN the Mrenan (Me Nan) a tributary of the Chaophraya River in N ThaiI I

    leU'W~eJ com. b~el~~el~el'W1:J..I l9auch~/lyynaam/ V


    name. -Syn. See 2. to be famous, widely spoken of. 'W 1 f.J ( 'W 1 f.J, A'W) naaj/ (naaj/, khon')

    1. (people,

    everyone) to talk about (it), spread (it) around. -Also

    land. 'W 1'W


    I

    -Also

    ll:J..I'W 1 'W .

    ~ eJ~eJ.

    liD.
    V

    See entry below.

    N 1. master,

    'W 1'W'Wo1 n~an/naam/ N territorial waters. 'W 1'W 1 naanaa/ Nm various, different, all. -+Normally followed by a elf. -com p. 1111
    ~

    employer, boss (man or woman). 2. element placed before verbs or nouns to form agent nouns; see note. T 3. title placed before the first name of men of all ages, hence "Mr." P 4. you (used among close friends or by mother to son, older sibling to yg. sibling). C 5. eleg. elf. for men of position. -See 2. Fl'W
    NOTE.
    0J.

    1.

    'W 1'W 1'UUA naanaa/chanfd/ various kinds, of all sorts, of every description.

    'W1'W1'U1~ naanaa/ch~ad/ 1. various peoples,


    nations. 2. (as n. mod.) international. 'W 1'W 1tl S::; b'YI~ naanaa/prath@ed/ 1. various

    -Opp. 3. 'W1i.

    'W 1 U ( mng. 2} is sometimes placed before

    nations. 2. (as n. mod.) international. o ni]V!:J..I1f.J'W1'W1t/S::;lrJ~ (9lJ.Jc\J,W1111S'1) kod:::;

    verbs or nouns to form agent nouns. It is usually translated -er (-or) or -ist; lst-3rd examples. Ordinarily 'W 18 refers only to men, but in its agentive use it may sometimes refer to either

    mifaj/- naanaa/prath@ed/ (chab.?tb/, N international law. 'W 1'\J


    n~ab/

    m~adtraa/)

    sex. In this regard it differs from its counter-

    V 1. to press down (so as to make level

    part
    ~

    'W 11 , which in its agentive use refers

    or smooth); to flatten out. 2. to dry (e.g. fresh leaves) by means of heat. 'W1:J..I ('W1:J..i) naam/ (naam/) N 1. eleg. name;
    o

    only to women. o 'W 11! '111 naajcAan' employer (m. or w.): '111

    V to hire.
    'WltJ~l 'l'l

    naajtruad' (train or bus) conductor


    ~

    chiefly in compounds. 2. gram. noun. Fl"1-noun. -Syn. 1.

    (m. or w.):

    l 'l 'I

    V to inspect.
    ~'W

    ~el

    o 'W 1 [J ~'W naajthun' capitalist:

    N capital.

    com.
    ~bli,'W

    leU'W'W1:J..I sen'naam/ V to sign, sign one's name.

    1 f.J

    khunnaaj/ P 1. you (sp. to the wife of any

    -s y n.
    'W1J.J~i11S

    See

    leU'W~eJ

    com. N

    government official up to the rank of 'W S::;). T 2. title used before the first name of such a lady. N 3. de f. madame, lady (in reference

    (1'U,l6f.;'W)

    naamb.?td/ (baj/,phtn')

    1. calling card. 2. business card.

    'W 1 [)

    267

    'W1[)

    to one's employer).
    6 "l1'W 1 [) ( eJ ~A, A'W, YI1'W)

    (naajl, khon') caawnaaj' N 1. royal

    N 1. commander. T 2. Comman'W 1 1 11 Yl.

    der --. _.Also informally


    o 'W 1 [J'W 1 1 16 eJ n ( 'W 1 tJ, Fl'W)

    personage, royalty, member of the royal family (?ou'). 2. co 11 o q. boss, chief, superior (khon', than').
    'W 1[) ~ 1'W ( l'l'W)

    naajlnaawaa?eegl

    (naajl, khon')

    N 1. captain. T 2. Captain --.


    'W111be:Jn.

    --Dis t.

    'EJ'W'Wl~.
    9

    -+Also informally N person in


    'W1rnJs:::n'W (Fl'W)

    naajuaan' (khon')

    naajprakan' (khon')

    N insurer,

    charge of a project, supervisor.


    'W1[J"J1~

    guarantor, bondsman. N employer;


    'W 1 u'W ~ 1'W ( Fl'W)

    (l'l'W)

    naajdau' (khon')

    naajphraanl (khon')

    N hunter,

    boss.
    'W 1 [)'If' 1 ~ ( l'l'W)

    game hunter. naajcMau' (khon')


    '
    I

    N 1. craftsor other

    'W 1 t.J'W61

    ( 'W 1 tJ, Fl'W)

    naajphon' (naajl, khon')

    N 1.

    man, artisan.

    2. short for 'W 1 ,1 'If 1 ~ n 61

    general (of unspecified rank). T 2. General --.


    oo'W 1 t.J'W 6166:W Fl tJ 1 6 6 eJ S naajphon'mf:g?aath~d/*

    derivative beginning with 'W 1 [)'If 1 ~ . ' o 'W1[J'If1~n61 (l'l'W) naajcMaukon' (khon') mechanical engineer.
    'W 1[) 111 ~ 1 "l ( A'W)

    General McArthur.
    o 'W 1 [J'W 61 ~111 11 ( 'W 1 [) , Fl'W)

    naajphon'cadtawaa'
    ~

    naajtruad' (khon')

    N conductor

    (naaj', khon')

    N 1. brigadier general. T 2.

    (i.e. ticket-inspector on a train or bus).


    'W 1 [) 111'1 ~ 1 OJ
    (

    Brigadier General --. -+Also informally 'Wii1 'l111 1 1 .


    o 'W 1 tJ'W61!11

    'W 1 [), A'W)

    naajtamruad' (naajl, khon')

    S ('W 1 tJ, Fl'W)

    naajphontriil (naajl, khon')

    N police officer.
    'W 1 [) YI'Vl1 ~ ( 'W 1 [), Fl'W) naajthah~an' (naaj', khon')

    N 1. major general. T 2. Major General --. --Also informally 'Wii1111 ~.


    o 'W 1 t.J'W611 Yl ( 'W 1 [), Fl'W)

    N officer (of the army, navy, air force).


    'W 1 [) YI'Vl1 :l JmJ :l::: YI'J'W ( 'W 1 [), A'W)

    naajphonthoo 1 (naajl, khon')

    naajthah~an':::
    N noncommiso

    N 1. lieutenant general. T 2. Lt. General --. -+Also informally 'W611 't1.

    cM.nprathuan' (naaj', khon') sioned officer.


    'W 1 [) YI'Vl1 s J'W Kbllb\11~111

    'W1[J'Wii1b'Vl~

    ('W1t.J,Fl'W)

    naajphonjajl (naajl,khon')

    ( 'W 1 [) , l'l'W)

    naajthahaan'::: N commissioned

    N 1. supreme commander.
    o 'W1t.J'W616Dn ('W1li,A'W)

    chans&njaaood' (naaj', khon') officer.


    'W 1 [) '11Vl1 ~ 'U n

    naajphon?eeg'(naajl,

    khon')

    N 1. (full) general. T 2. General --.

    ( 'W 1 tJ

    , A'W)

    naajthahaanlbbg' (naajl,

    --Also informally 'W61 6 on.

    khonl)
    'W 1 [) '1111

    N army officer.
    ( 'W 1 [), A'W) naajthaMan'rya' (naajl,

    w 1 [J'W61 6 S8 ( 'W 1 tJ, Fl'W) naajphonryal (naajl, khon')


    N admiral (of unspec. rank). T 2. Admiral--.
    oo'W 1 t.J'W61 b eJ
    naajthah~anl?aakaad'

    s 6 ~ eJ

    khon')

    N naval officer.

    'W 1 [) '11Vl1 ~ eJ 1 n 1 A

    ( 'W 1 [), A'W)

    S Fh 'W 1 t.J'W61 6StJ 111 ~


    (naajl, khon')

    naajphonrya'khitJ' Admiral King.


    ( 'W 1 tJ, l'l'W) naajphonlryatriil

    (naaj', khon') airforce officer.


    'W 1 [) '11:::

    N 1. rear admiral. T 2. Rear

    b'iJ [) 'W

    ( Fl'W) naajthabian/ (khonl)

    N regis-

    Admiral --. ->Also informally 11'161 bSeJ 111 ~.


    o 'W 1 t.J'W61 b ~ eJ 1 Yl ( 'W 1 [), Fl'W) naajphon'ryathoo'

    trar, recorder.
    'W 1 [) ~'W o
    ~

    ( Fl'W) naajthun' (khon')

    N capitalist.
    N e 1 e g.

    (naaj', khon')

    N 1. vice-admiral. T 2. Vice-

    :::'U 8'\J'W 1 [) ~'W rab~;:,blnaajthunl

    Admiral --. -+Also informally 'W f1 6 SeJ LYJ.


    o 'W 1 [J'W ii1 6 ~ eJ 6 eJ n ( 'W 1 tJ , Fl'W)

    capitalism, the capitalistic system.


    'W 1[J'W 111 naajlnaawaa' N naval commander

    naajphon' rya?eeg'

    (naajl, khon')

    N 1. admiral. T 2. Admiral --.

    (of unspecified rank). See entries below.

    -+Also informally 11'161 b ~ eJ bon.


    ~

    "" o 'W 1 [J'W 11 1111 :l


    (naajl, khon 1 )

    ( 'W 1 [), l'l'W) naajlnaawaatriil

    'W 1 [J'W'W. See entries below. o 'W 1 t.J'W'W111 S ( 'W 1 tJ, l'l'W)
    ~

    N 1. lieutenant commander. _.Also informally

    ""

    naajphantriil (naajl, khon') --Also informally

    T 2. Lt. Commander --.

    N major. T 2. Major --.


    'W'W111S.
    ~

    'W111111~.
    o 'W 1 [J'W 11 11 '11 ( 'W 1 [), Fl'W) naajlnaawaathoo'

    ""

    o 'W 1 [Ji'W 1 Yl

    ( 'W 1 tJ, A'W)

    naajphanthoo' (naajl, khon')

    tl18

    268 N 1. lieutenant colonel. T 2. Lt. Colonel--. -Also informally i'W1 'Y1.


    tl18~'UbeJn

    ('W1ti,I'I'W)

    naajsibl?eeg' (naajl,

    khon')
    'W18Vl'W1

    N 1. sergeant. T 2. Sergeant --.


    (I'I'W)
    naajn~a'(khon')

    o tlltJi'WbeJn khon')
    .-

    (tl18,1'ltl)

    naajphan?eeg' (naajl,

    "'

    N broker,com-

    N 1. colonel. T 2. Colonel --. -Also


    v

    missioner.
    'W18el'lbJ1eJ ('W18,1'l'W)

    inforn:tally 'Wtl b eJ n . 'W 18 bb'W'I'W


    v

    naaj?ampha:::JI (naajl,khon')

    ( tl1 8, I'I'W) naajphtc:d' (naajl, khonl)

    N head official of an amphoe.


    tl1lJ n ( I'I'W, 'Y11 'W)

    N e 1 eg. (male) physician, doctor.


    Vl:WeJt:J'IiltJ com.
    'IJ

    -Syn.

    naaj6g' (khonl, tMn')

    N prime

    official, chairman. naajphtc:d'ji:u' (khon')


    'W ltJn b 'YlA:W'Wiil S ('W 18, I'I'W)

    o tl1 8 bb'W'YltJVll,~ ~

    ( I'I'W)

    naaj6g'th@esamontrii'

    N woman physician, doctor. com.


    tl1 8
    ~

    (naajl, khon') mayor.


    'W 18n s~ :W'Wiil

    N president of the city council;

    eJ 8 . See entries below.

    s ('Yl1tl' I'I'W)

    naaj6g'nidthamontriil

    o tl1 8 ~ eJ lJ lil ~ ( 'W 18, I'I'W) naajd:Jjtriil (naajl, khon') N 1. secondlieutenant. T 2. (Second)

    (th~n', khon')

    N prime minister; premier.

    o E.f1~n'W1tJnS~:W'WiilS silmnag'-naaj6g'nidthamon:::::: trii' N Presidency of the Council of Ministers.


    'W11

    Lieutenant --. _,.Also informally S eJ 8 lil ~ . o tl18;eJt:JL'n (tl18, I'I'W) naajd:Jjthoo' (naajl, khon') N 1. first lieutenant. T 2. (First) Lieutenant --. -Also informally ; eJ 81 'Y1. o 'W 18 s eJ 8 b eJ n ( 'W 18 , Fl'W) naaj r5:Jj?eeg' (naajl, khon') N 1. (army) captain. T 2. Captain --.
    'W1'l1

    miaw' V to pull and bend (something) down, back. n6om'naaw' V to influence (the thinking

    1~:w~1'l

    of another). naawaa' N lit.,eleg. boat, vessel. in compounds.


    'W 1 tJ'W 111 b eJn

    -+Chiefly

    -s y n.

    b eJ

    com.

    -Also informally S eJ 8 b eJ n .

    ( 'W 1 t.J, Fl'W)

    naajlnaawaa?eeg' (naajl,

    "" "' o 1H bSlJ'Wtl18SeJ8 roo:urian'naajr:S:Jjl N cadet


    academy.
    tll 8 b eJ

    khon')

    N nav. 1. captain. T 2. Captain--.

    -For other ranks, see 'W 1 tJ'W 1 1 1 under 'W 18. naajrya' (naajl, khon') N
    'W 1 'lleJ 1 n 1 A .

    ( 'W 1lJ, I'I'W)

    . naawaat?aaka.ad::::::. . . designation

    captain (of a ship). o 'W 18 bS eJ lil ~ ( tl1lJ , I'I'W) naaj ryatrii' (naajl, khon') N 1. ensign. T 2. Ensign--. -Also

    for the commissioned ranks of air force officers in command of squadrons, wings, and groups.
    'W11n 1u S'W naa'wigkajoo'thin' N the marines. 'W 11 naa'wii'

    informally bSeJ lil S. o tl18LSeJ1'11 ('W1lJ,I'Itl) naajryathoo' (naajl, khon') N nav. 1. lieutenant junior grade.

    N navy. N royal navy. N 1. clock, watch,

    S1'1i'W 11 r~adchanaa'wii' 'W 1~n 1 ( b eJ'W)

    naalikaa' (ryan')

    T 2. Lieutenant --. -Also informally bSeJ 1'Y1. o 'W18b~eJbeJn khon')


    (tl18,1'1'W)

    timepiece. C 2. o'clock, i.e. hour of the day or night on the 24-hour basis. o -Abbrev.
    'W.

    naajrya?eeg' (naajl,

    N n a v. 1. lieutenant senior grade.

    ~'U~'W 1~n 1,
    '"

    <9!..: 'W.

    slbsli'naalikaa', slbsli'::::::

    T 2. Lieutenant --. -+Also informally b ~ eJ b eJ n


    'W1lJ8611tJ (I'I'W)

    n:J:JI 2 P.M.: "fourteen o'clock."


    b'V:W'W 1'V1n 1 ( eJ'W)
    ~
    v

    naajlsatManii' (khon')

    kh~m'naalikaa' (?an')

    N the

    station- master.
    'W 1lJ ~'U . See entries below.

    hands of a clock or watch.


    1-v'W 1~n 1 khiljlnaalikaa' to wind one's watch.

    o 'l' 1'W 18 ~'U ca.a'naajslb' N 1. sergeant major. T 2. Sergeant Major --. o tl1 8 ~ 'U lil S khon') vate --. o tl18~'U1'Yl ('W18,1'l'W) khon') naajslb'thoo' (naajl,

    ~1 i
    'W

    bb;'W 1~n 1

    ( Fl'\.J)

    cMa:uktc:'naalikaa' (khon')

    N watch- repairman.

    ('W 1 8 , Fl tl )

    naa j s i b' t rii' ( naa jl,

    1~n 1;eJj'j eJ

    ( b eJ'W)

    naalikaa'kh~:Jmyy'

    (ryan')

    N 1. private first class. T 2. Pri-

    N wrist watch.

    'W1~n1bblilli1 (eJ'W) naalikaa'dec:d' (?an') N sundial.


    'W1~n1'i.J6'ln q (b~eJ'W)
    naalikaa 1 plug'(ryan') N N 1. corporal. T 2. Corporal --. alarm clock.

    269

    'Vl;111''11:w~ 1~n 1

    ( eli.J)

    n~apad'naalikaa'

    (?ani)

    'W'1

    "'

    naam', naam:::, nam::: -+Syn. '111


    ~

    N water, liquid, fluid.

    dial (of clock, watch).

    (restricted in use).

    'VleJ'W1~fl1 ('VleJ) h::S;:,Inaalikaal {h5;:,1) N clock


    NOTE. ( 1) A number of verbs denoting activities

    tower. 'W'1 naml V 1. to lead, conduct, guide. 2. to bring, take, convey (in certain constructions). n 1 :J-leading, leadership; ph y s. conduction. leader.
    F(Tll1 ( iJ'Il)
    ~-

    associated with water normally take

    \.h as their
    til, '111

    fixed object; 1st example. (2) In repetitions of these or other expressions containing

    is often substituted for 1.11 ; 2nd example. o ill'U'\.(1 ?itabm:!am' V to bathe, take a bath.
    ~

    o ii1'U'll1iil'Ufl1 ?l!abnaaml?1tabthlla 1 elab.

    khamnaml {bOd')

    N preface, fore-

    co II o q. to bathe, take a bath.

    word.

    -Dist.'UrM1.

    n :J:::; '11:W'Wo1 krath11m'naam'


    9

    "'

    to paddle, splash

    'lin'Wo1 chag'naml V 1. to lead. 2. to persuade, induce. 'W'1 ( ... ) l tJ 1 :W 1l 'II nam'( ... )kh.wmaacMjl to introduce (something), bring (something) into use.
    V
    I

    (with hands and feet, while swimming).

    "' n :J::; lb61'W'1 kraste'naam' N 1. a current of water.

    "'

    "'

    2. the course of a stream. n ~:::; 'Vl1 t:m'1

    "'

    ..,

    .,

    kraM.ajlnaam' V to be thirsty. k:Sgnaaml (?an') N water-tap,

    n eJn'W'1 ( el'W)

    'W'1 ( ... ) l tJ 1 ~ naml( ... }kh.wsuul to lead into bring into. 'W'1'111 ~ nam'thaau' to lead the way. A'W-- , ~- guide, one who leads the way. 'W 1 l mJ 1 namthtaw' V to guide (on a tour, a pleasure trip).
    ~-0

    faucet. [ n eJ n f. Eng.]

    "' n'W'W'1~fl kinnaam'lyg' to require a deep waterway


    (as a big ship). ll;1 J1 ( 1'U) tumbler. tl'W'W,1tl'W'W 1 ~
    9 9

    k~ewnaam'

    {bajl)

    N water glass,

    tourist guide.

    "'

    khunnaam'khunnaau' N e 1 a b. colloq.

    'W'1 ( ... ) 1L1 nam'( ... )pajl to take, lead; to lead away. 'W'1'W 1 nam'phaa' V to pay attention to, take an interest in, care for. -Chiefly in negative or interrogative constructions. o

    government officials, members of the nobility. -See under tl'W . 9


    <v

    'l :J.J'W'1 comnaam' V to sink {into water).


    v

    o 'l:W'W'1~1tJ comnaam'taajl to drown, die by drowning.


    v

    l~'W,1'W 1

    m.jnam'phaa' to pay not the slightest

    A.1'W'1 damnaaml V to dive into water.


    v

    attention to; to ignore (e.g. tradition, a warning). 'W'1 ( ... ) :W 1 nam'( ... )maa' to bring; to lead (coming this way); to bring about. o 'W0 1:W1~~ namlmaa'-s1u'::: lit.,eleg. to bring, bring in, bring about (e.g. sorrow, misfortune). o 'W'1:!.n'hJ nam'maachcl:V V to bring into use, introduce.
    I

    bSeJA.1'W'1 (f1'1) submarine.

    ryaldamnaam' {lam')

    ~'WJ1fld-Jl~
    v

    din'-naam'-lom 1 -fajl the four

    elements: earth, water, wind, and fire. lil n 'Wo 1 togmiam'

    to fall into the water.

    lil'W'W'1 ( U'Vl~) t~nnaam' {heu') N source of a river. ..., '111 ~ 'W.1 ( 611 EJ) thaaunaam' (s~ajl) N 1. waterway. 2. by water. J1n
    V

    'W'1:JeJ~ namr~u' V to pilot, navigate a ship.

    ~A
    I

    ( eJ ~ 1 ~ , 'tli1A) namkrOd' (jaau'. chanfd')

    A'W-- pilot, navigator (of a ship).

    N acid (solution). 'W'1fl S eJ tJ namkrojl N brackish water. tt1n ~::; 61 'l tJ namkras~ajl N a liquid additive used in the preparation of medicines.
    v
    J.,

    'W'1~'U nams)ryb' 1 a w

    to conduct an investigation.

    'W'1lls11iH LliW namsadeeu'dooj::: writ., com. starring (such and such an actor, actress). U'W::o'W'1 nt?nam' V 1. to advise, guide. 2. to suggest. 3. to introduce. 'UYI'W'1 ( 'UYI) oodnam' {bOd') introductory chapter. N introduction, A'1'W'1.

    "'

    'W'rn fi'W namklan' N distilled water.


    v

    'W'1n::; TI namkathf?' N coconut cream (a cooking ingredient derived by squeezing out the liquid from grated ripe coconut meat). -+Cf.

    -+Dis t.

    vfdn::o-\1,

    270

    ..,

    ..,
    'W'1n 1:W namkaam' N semen, spermatic fluid.

    'llTWJ.J namnom' N milk.


    V
    I

    ~Also 'W:W.

    'W'1LJ eJ

    ~syn. 'W'1eH1~.
    v '

    .., ..,

    naambo:J' N well water. naambaadaan' N underground water. N city water, water (as

    'W' 1'U 11i1161

    'W'1n'W naamkin' N com. drinking water, water

    'W'1'\J S ::;'\J 1 naamprapaal

    for drinking.
    v

    ..,
    N flood tide. ~Opp. 'W'1GH.

    a municipal utility). namplaal N fish sauce (i.e. a liquid sauce

    'W'1'V 1 1 namkhi1aw' N a kind of rice wine.

    ..,

    ..,

    'W'1'\JS11

    'W'1'1J'W naamkh9fl'

    made of fish and used as a salty seasoning in place of salt).

    "' '" 'W'1ll'tH


    vv
    ~

    namkheu' N ice.
    ~

    o [91'\tllb'V ~
    IV

    'l.J

    ( [91,
    ~

    1'u)

    ttlu'namkheu' (ttlu' bajl)

    J1t:JS!l~
    .., &-'

    naamphi5nlamaajl N eleg. fruit juice.

    N icebox, refrigerator.
    0

    -+Syn.

    J1S!nl~.
    ~

    1 Gi'W'1bb 'V ~ sajlnamkheu' having ice in (it), iced.

    'W'1t:J ~

    ooJ11~J1lb'V ~
    'W' 1 Fl1 ~
    q...

    ..,
    ...,

    namph9u' N honey. N rain water .

    naam'-sa.j'namkheu' ice water. N dew.


    ~Opp.
    ~ ~

    'W'1j;J'IJ namfi5n' 'W'1'W ~ n

    namkhaau I

    namphrfg' N pepper sauce, hot shrimp-

    c;;

    'W'1bFl:W namkhem' N saltwater. J1LF161'W namkhloon' J1 b ~'W in

    'W1'lfil.

    paste sauce. There are many varieties having

    N muddy water. sii'namu;:m' N 1. blue, the

    ~J1 b ~'W

    ..,

    slightly different ingredients .

    ...

    'W'1oWn'W'1llH

    namphag'namreeu' N elab. colloq.

    'W'1~:W namctm' N sauce, dip (i.e. a sauce or pre"-'

    .., "'

    color blue. V 2. to be blue. -+Dis t.

    ~;1.

    (one's own) effort, labor; (one's) personal investment.


    I

    paration into which food is dipped).


    ~

    'W'1~
    'Lt

    ( U'Vl~)

    namphli?l (heu')

    N fountain, spring,

    a.

    'W 1 'l fil namcY'Yd' N fresh water.

    -+0 p p. 'W' 1 6Fl :W

    J11'l namcajl N 1. heart (for doing something),

    'W'1:W'W[9]

    ..,
    ..,

    water spout .

    "'

    nammon' N holy water . N 1. lemonade,

    spirit, feelings. thoughtfulness.


    q "'

    2. good will, good feelings,

    'W'1:W :::'W 1 1 nammanaaw', naam:::

    ..,

    limeade. 2. lemon juice, lime juice.


    ...

    6'l'U'Cf1'W'11 'l cebcMm'namcajl V to feel hurt,

    'W'1:W:::'W S 11 naammaphraaw' N coconut milk (i.e.

    have one's feelings hurt.


    o

    the liquid from a green coconut, a refreshing drink).


    v

    6~1JJ11'l

    sla'namcajl V toloseheart,be

    -Dist. 'W'1n:::~.

    discouraged, be disheartened.
    o 'l-l1;!'WJ11 'l ntin'namcajl V to encourage, give

    'W1~'W mimman 1 N 1. oil. 2. co 11 o q. fuel oil.


    NOTE. This is both a general term and a class term. It is followed by a specific term when a specific kind of oil is named; subentries 2-3.
    J..,

    ..,

    moral support to . N tea (the liquid only). N syrup.

    'W'1ti1 namchaa' J1 6

    .., 'W'1~'U namdlb' N unboiled water. (Water must


    be boiled before it is safe for consumption.)

    ~eJ:W mimch~am'
    ..,

    ov.._...

    o nSI'W'W 1:W'W klan'namman' to refine crude oil. .... "' o 'W'1~'Wn 1 G1 namman'kaad' N kerosene. [n 1 G1

    f. Eng.] o J1:W'Wun hl~'W namman'keesooliin' N gasoline.


    [ LLn hl~'W t. Eng.] .... o 'W'1~'W ~ 1 namman'uaa 1
    o o

    ..,
    0

    -opp. 'W'1G1n.
    ""

    'W 1fil namdii' N bile.

    '

    ..,

    'W'1[9]n

    ...
    ..,

    ( 6b'Vl~)

    namtog' (heu')

    N waterfall, falls . 2. drip-

    N sesame oil.

    'W'1[9] 1 namtaa' N 1. tears, teardrops.

    pings (e.g. of a candle).

    'W'1[9] 1'1 namtaan' N sugar. .... o 'W'1[9]161'tl:i11J namtaansaajl N granulated sugar. o

    o 'W'1~'W~'W namman'din' N tar, coal tar.


    o o

    J1~'W'dn b ~ 1 namman'chaguaw' N varnish. J1~'W l ~eJ 6'W~ ~ namman'chyaphl88tJ' N fuel ..,


    'W'1~'W~'U namman'dlb' N crude oil.

    oil.

    ..,

    ~J1[9] 161
    I

    sli'namtaan' N 1. brown, the color

    J1~'W b'U'W.V'W
    ..,

    namman'bensin' N 1. benzine.

    brown. V 2. to be brown.
    V

    2. colloq. gasoline. [ l'U'W.U'W f.Eur.)


    o 'W'1~'Wflti namman'ph9Jd' N vegetable oil. .... o 'W'1~'W:W::; n eJ n namman'mako:Jg' N olive oil.

    'W'1'tl1 :w naamthtlam' N flood, floodwaters .

    ...

    'W'1'tl::: 661 naamthalee' N seawater.

    271
    o 'l,(1iJ'W:W:;;'l'l ~ 11 mimman'maphniaw' N coconut oil. o 'W'1ii'W:J 1 ~ mimman'jaau' N dammar, resin. o 'W'1ii'W ~:;; n'1 mimman'rakam' N oil of wintergreen . o 'W' 1iJ'W 66 ~
    V
    ~ I

    .., ..,

    ...

    'W'16i:WA'W nams6m'khan' N orange juice. 'W'16i:W6i 1ti'tl


    .... ""

    ....

    ""

    l:O

    nams6m'saajchuu' N vinegar. -+Also

    'U

    ..,

    '\Jo 16'1 :1-.J

    'W'16ifl

    ""

    "" namsug' N boiledwater. -Opp. 'W'1~'U.

    ..,

    'W'1 6 ~tJ ~

    "" '

    namsiau' N tone of voice. namsajl-cajciu' N 1. sincerity,


    eltJ 1 ~-

    mimman' ree' N mineral oil.

    J1'l6i'l~~~~

    o 'W'1:W'W61 :;;'}H mimman'lahuu' N castor oil. o 'W'1ii'WE,i'W namman's~n' N turpentine. o

    ..,

    '

    genuineness. 2. (one's) real feelings. from the bottom of one's heart.


    'W'1Vl'!Tn

    J 1iJ'W 1 ~ t:J ..,


    ~
    G..'

    J..J

    namman' sajph~m' N hair tonic.


    d 6 A~

    ""

    namnag' N 1. weight. 2. fig. weight,

    o 'W'1iJ'W'Vl:W namman'mi'iu' N lard.


    qJ

    importance. N
    'W'1Vl'W 1

    o 'W 1:1-.l'W'VltJ ellil


    I

    eJ ~

    namman'j~:Jdkhr?au'

    ""

    ""

    namn1ta' N face, looks (used contemp-

    lubricating oil, motor oil.


    V
    ~

    tuously).

    ..,
    0

    o 'Ul'W'1:W'W ('Uel)

    .., o 'l'l~:W'W'1ii'W (~'W,6lW'W) phrom'namman' (ph)Tyn',


    phen') N linoleum.

    b~:Jinamman' (b~:J') N oil well.

    6fl 61 tJ lil'W 1'Vl'W 1


    ""

    kllad'namn~a'

    to hate the very

    sight of (someone), hate somebody' s looks; to detest.


    .., v

    "' 'W'1~l nammyy' N (one's own) deed, act, action,


    hand, hands . o lil1tJ 6'W~ 1:;;'W'1~l61fl taajl-phdnammyy'll:lug'
    'U

    6i:W'W,1'Vl'W 1 (1) som'namn1ta'; (2) s~m'namn1ta'!

    ..,

    1. to get one's just deserts; to serve (somebody)

    right. 2. It serves (you) right!


    'W'1Vl'W~
    v

    to die by the hand of one's own son.


    'W'1:wn nammOug'
    'U

    namnY:u' of the first water, of the highest

    ""

    N e leg. nasal mucus, nasal


    ~

    grade, of top quality. [perh. tr. f. Eng.] o


    6'W'ti~'W,1'Vl'W~
    "" d

    discharge.
    ..,

    --Syn. 'ti:Wfl
    'U

    com.,vulg .

    (6:1-.llil)

    "'

    phed'namnY:u'(med')

    'W'1 6:1-.11 nammaw'

    N intoxicating beverage (usu-

    1. diamond of the first water. 2. idiom. top-

    ally undistilled).
    "-' I

    notch, i.e. the most able (person), the most beautiful (woman), the best in quality (of anything) .
    v

    'W'1tJltJ

    ..,

    mimj~jl

    N gastric juice.

    'W'1tJ 1 namjaa' N 1. com. chemical solution

    'W'1Vl:W 1 fl nammaag' N betel saliva (i,e. betel mixed

    (nontech. term, e.g. as in "permanent wave solution"). 2. a kind of sauce made of fish, coconut cream and other ingredients and served with vermicelli.

    with saliva, red in color).

    J1l 'Vl61l <yj lil'U


    ";;
    'U

    in the following expression.


    ~

    o 'Wiil'W1l'Vl61l<yjlil'\.J phQud'-naamlajlfajdab' colloq. to chatter away, talk a blue streak, talk rapidly and profusely.
    v

    "' 6 tJ'W "' namjen' N cold water. 'W'1


    'W'1~ el'W namr:5:Jn'

    'W'166 ~ namrte' N mineral water.


    "' .., ,to
    V

    ...
    v

    N hot water.

    'W'1Vl1 1'W namwaan' N 1. soft drink (sweetened),

    sweet drink. 2. flavored syrup.


    I

    'W'1611 naamlou' N ebb tide. 'W'1611 tJ namlaajl N saliva.


    ' v

    -+Opp. 'W'1'ti'W.

    'W'1Vll:W

    (eltl1i,'ti\11il,'t111il,'Vltllil)

    namh:'5:Jm' N

    perfume, toilet water (jaau', chanfd' for kinds; khuad' for bottles; jod' for drops). ""
    v

    o bi:W'W,1&11 tJ thom'namlaajl to spit.


    0

    -Syn.

    'W'1611 tJ 661il fl <yj l ~ namlaajl -teeg'f:J:Ju' t d i

    "'

    m.,
    ""

    '\Jo 1 J '\.J C 0 11 0 q,

    colloq. to spout forth, talk volubly.


    'Wiil~'W--.

    ...... Also

    'W'1llil'W,1'11'W nam?od'namthon' N elab. colloq.

    patience, endurance.
    J1v'U

    'U

    v
    "'

    'W'1 &1 nl:w naamlOugmaajl N com. fruit juice.


    'U

    (eJU1~,'ti'Wiil,'t111il,'VltJiil)

    nam?ob' N colloq.
    v

    --syn.

    'W'1t:J&il:w.

    perfume (jaau', chanfd' for kinds; khuad' for bottles; jod' for drops). -+Syn. 2. orange juice.
    'W'1Vll:W

    "' 'W'11'W namwon' N whirlpool. .., ....


    'W'16i:W mims~m' N 1. vinegar.

    com.

    J1J6i~

    3. orange drink, orange squash, beverage


    I

    -s y n.
    q,

    '

    naaml?asucl?l N semen, spermatic fluid.

    ..,

    'W'1fl1 :1-.1.
    b~:Jnaam' (b~:J')

    flavored with orange.

    'Ul'W'1

    ('Uel)

    N 1. well (for water).

    272 2. pool. paper or hide). Mng. 2 used esp. in the south idiom. to make where shadow plays are still seen.

    J1.,nl1b~'WrA'J p~nmiam'-pentua'
    V
    I

    up a story out of whole cloth, fabricate a lie.

    iJ~

    in

    btl1..rW~

    pennfd/ constantly, regularly, always.

    'lJ 1n'W'1 ( bb'Vf~) paagmiam' (hen') N 1. mouth of


    a river; estuary. pN 2. Paknam, a common name for Samutprakan ( ~ ~~~ ~ 'lJ ~ 1 n 1 ~ ) , a township at the mouth of the Chaophraya R.
    1'1171

    -see also 1'11illl. nfdl V to be tiny, little, small. compounds.


    1'1171 b ~lJ 'J iJ171'Vf'WeJIJ

    -+Chiefly in

    ,..,

    -+Also

    nfddiaw' 1. to be tiny. 2. a tiny bit.


    nfdn~j'

    1.

    'lJ 1 nbbd-J'W'1 .

    little, tiny, small, wee; a little


    'Vf'W!JIJ are often

    b~'WJ1 pennaam' V 1. to be liquid (not solid).

    bit, a wee bit. NOTE. 1'1171 and

    sV 2. fluently, flowingly. o '1'1171 ( ) bV'WJ1 pht1ud'( ... )pennaam' 1. to


    '\J

    coupled in semi repeated expressions; 2nd example below. o Llil n ~ 1 .. 1'1171 'VI~ !J IJ too'kwaa::: ... little bit bigger than. N river bank; o Lblild.JiJ171bblild.J'Vl'W!JIJ t~emnfdlttemn~jl to daub a little bit here, a little bit there.
    I .

    speak (e.g. English) fluently. talk a blue streak .


    .1, .., .1,

    2. idiom. to

    nfdn~j'

    t:J ~'W0 1

    ( t:J ~) fau'naam' (fan')

    bank of a watercourse.
    '1'1 eH J1

    ( 61 n, '1'1 fH , O'W, .ff'W,


    '\J

    bb~'W, i 61 i)

    b;:,unaam'

    o 1'1171 'l 'Vf'W !J IJ 'l


    & 'W171'Vf'!H
    ~

    nfdnfd'n?:ljn~jl trivial; a very

    N 1. bubbles; foam (Hlug', b:JD'). 2. sponge (?an'). 3. foam rubber (?an', chfnl, phtn', etc.).

    little bit, a very tiny amount. nfd'nYD tiny; a tiny bit, a little bit. -+See also

    '"' bbd.J'W'1 ( ~ 11J)


    v
    ~

    m~waam'

    (saajl)

    N river. N seal; sea lion.

    'W lilll .

    See entries below.

    i1 "l

    bld.J1'W'1

    (lil1)

    meewnaam' (tua')

    b-tJa 1'l11i11J

    nyau'nfd' always, regularly, constantly.

    "' :1 lil'W'1 r6dnaam' V 1. to pour water on; to water.


    2. to sprinkle holy water over.
    I

    b-G'WiJiiliJ"' pennfd' always, regularly, constantly.

    1'1~-.

    Bound form meaning "law." juristic act, legal act.


    L1711J-- ,li11d-J--

    q_...

    :; eJ l'W'1

    ( bb'Vf~,:; eJ ~)

    r::lumiam' (hen' r::lu') N chan-

    iJ~n~~d-J nftlkam' N law

    nel, the deeper part of a stream or waterway.

    iJ~'!Tu nftlnaj' N law legal sense.


    legally, de jure. -+Opp.

    "' 61n'W'1
    "v v

    ( rA'J) Hl.ugnaam' (tua') N mosquito larva.


    v

    ~q~'t.Tu.

    'Vfd.JeJ'~l1

    ('Vfd-J!J,

    lu)

    m~l:Jnaam' (m::\;:,1, bajl)

    N -1.

    iJ~L}'bllij~ nftlbanjadl, nfti ?- N 1 a w 1. legislation.


    2. (as n. mod.) legislative. o ~miJ~L}'bllij~
    ( 61Jl1)

    water pot. 2. boiler. 3. water heater. 4. radiator (of a car).


    'Vf!J~'W'1

    "'

    ..,

    ~1'tl1 hiwnaam' V to be thirsty . .., eJ 1'U'W'1 ?aabnaam' V to bathe, take a bath, shower.
    1!JJ1 ?ajnaam' N steam, vapor. iJn 1lJ nfkaajl C sect, denomination, branch. 'W b nSJ
    nfk~n'*

    ..,

    ('VfeJl) h~umiam'(h::ln')

    "'

    saphaa'nftlbanjad' (saphaa')

    N bathroom.
    0

    N legislative body .
    a'1'W 1 "JiJ~LJ'bllij~

    ?amn~ad'nitlbanjad' legislative

    power.

    iJ~'UFlFlei nftlbugkhon', niti?- N law juristic 9


    entity.
    iJ~Jl1 'J:::: nftl.phaawa?l, nftl?-

    N nickel. [f. Eng.] -+Sometimes also


    I

    N 1a w

    legal

    i1 bn 61

    nfk~n'.

    competency. N seto 'Un61iJ~Jl'l1:::: banh:i?lnftiphaawa?l law 9 to

    1'1Fld-J ( 1'1Fld.J, bb'Vf1) nikhom' (nfkhom', hen')

    tlement, colony.
    'W1 ntn' V 1. to be still, quiet, motionless. sV 2.
    d

    come of age, reach legal age, attain one's rnajority.


    "'

    still, quietly.
    'W 1 !J 1
    I I

    iJ~f'l1~1ill nitisaad 1 N eleg. law (as a subject


    V to be silent, speechless, dumb~

    J-'

    ntu?~/

    of study).
    'WII1'W ( b :1 !J 1)
    d

    struck.
    bb'WiJl ntentn' V to be unconscious.
    d Jl1~'W 1

    nfthaan'
    d

    (~au')

    N fable, tale, story. eleg.

    -+Syn.

    bHH

    com.,

    1'1ll11J

    pMabntu' N 1. slide (for projection),

    iJ'W 111 ninthaa' V to gossip about, slander, blame;

    still picture. 2. shadow play figure (made of

    to criticize (someone) behind (his) back.

    n 1 ~--

    273

    .-

    gossip . il S - .

    a novel. -syn. LHJHJ1'WLf1'W

    com.

    il'W'W6 nfphon' V eleg. to write, compose. -Syn.

    Bound stem meaning "without, not, un-."

    Lllil~ com., '\.J~::::Yi''W6 eleg . .'W ~:::; n 'lfil'W'W 6 ( Q,J''U) phnir.1.adlchanfphon' (cha::::
    bah') N roy. the writing or literary work of
    0'
    I

    1), s Jlt! niraphajl e leg. safe, not dangerous.


    -Chiefly in compounds. o o

    L~l11il~.ll't! kheed'nfniphajl N eleg. safetyzone.

    the king.
    1m; 1il'W'W 6

    ;il~.ll't!
    'IJ

    (b'U)

    t1lu'nfraphajl (bajl) N eleg.

    ( Lfn..J, Q,Y'U)

    wfdthajaa'nfphon' (l~ml,
    A<V

    a safe (a place for keeping valuables). -+Syn .

    ...

    chaba.b')

    N thesis, dissertation.

    lil L"U''Vl com. 'IJ


    'W~'W~~

    ilowow 1'W nfbphaan/ N Nirvana (used in speaking of the Buddha) .


    .J

    as in
    ~

    V'J'W~'W~~

    .L

    Q.IIIJ

    chOalnfran'doonl forever.

    'W:W ntm' V 1. to be soft, yielding (as of a comforter, 'Wf1 tissue paper, baby's skin, etc.). sV 2. smoothly (e.g.ofdrivingacar). -Comp. 1. eJeJ'W.-Ant. 1.
    d

    L:W~)

    nin' (med')

    N 1. jet (stone). 2. any kind

    of black or very dark precious or semiprecious stone (including sapphire). 'W 'J
    d
    d

    LL~~.ns::::~1~.

    ...

    'W'J:W,~:W,

    n eJ'W) ntw'

    ...

    (k~n')

    N gallstone, calculus.

    'W:W'W 'J 61 ntmnuan' V 1. to be gentle, tender, gracious. 2. to be graceful, smooth (in action). sV 3. tenderly, graciously; smoothly, gracefully.
    ~:W'W:W

    'W 'J .

    ...
    d

    See entries below.


    ntw'n~a' n~a'ntw'

    'W'J'V!'W1

    ...

    'V!'W1'W'J 'W'J
    J-'

    ...

    v v

    to frown, pucker up the face. to be sour-faced, frowning. N 1. digit, finger, toe.

    -Syn.

    ~:W'W'Jf1.

    ( 1J 'J ) nfw' (nfwl)

    2.

    nOmntm' V to be soft, yielding, gentle.

    the Thai inch, roughly eight tenths of an English

    ...

    il:W'Wiil nfmon' V sacer. toinvite(apriest). -+Syn. l Vb\1 com. 'i:li'Jiii ( el'W) nfmfdl (?an') N eleg. sign, omen.

    inch. 3. the English inch. -Also 3. 'iJ'J'Yll11.


    ... ... q

    NOTE. All nouns based on il 'J take 1J 'l as their classifier unless otherwise marked; hence

    ...

    iltJ:W nfjom' V 1. to prefer, favor, like, accept popularly (as a good thing). 2. to be popular, approved, favored, accepted popularly (as a good thing); to be in public demand. erence; popularity.
    f1 'J 1 :W--

    ( 1J 'J ) is omitted below. n S : : l iJ rJ ~ 1J 'l krablad'nfw' C one quarter of an inch. -Also n s:::; LDr!~. o ~n
    'IJ a'\J 'J

    ...

    pref-

    "1 ns::::LDrJ~'iJ'J thU.gthug'-krablad'nfw'


    ( 'IJ eJ)

    ...

    ~n~own~iJrJ:W ca.gkraphadlnfjoml N imperialism.

    "'

    every minor detail, every little bit.


    ...

    ...

    'ti1~ilrJ:W cMad'nfjom' nationalistic. iln-tionalist.

    na-

    ~~1J1 dlid'nfw' V to snap one's fingers.


    D1 n 1:11 ~ nfwklaau' N middle finger.

    ...

    kh~onfw' (kh~o')

    N knuckle .

    ... ...

    o 'WSSfl'ti1M'iJrJ:w phag'-cMad/nfjoml N nationalist party. 'iJtJ:W'iJrJ1rJ. o


    b eJ

    1J 'J n eJ tJ D1

    nfwk~jl N little finger.

    See the following entry.

    'iJ'J~'W nfwtiin' com. toe. -Syn. il'J b't11


    v
    ~

    ...

    iJ

    nfwchfil N index finger, forefinger.

    ...

    ...

    eleg.
    ~

    1l1j"'WiJrJ:w'i:lrJ 1rJ ?aw'-pennfjom'nfjaajl

    'i:l'J L't11 nfwtMaw' N eleg. toe. -Syn. 'W'Jiii'W

    colloq. to take (it) seriously, to consider (it); to count on (it). S 61'i:ltJ :W r6d'nfjom' N taste (perceptive judg-

    1J 'J'W 1 ~

    ...

    com . nfwnaau' N ring finger. nfwp6ol, nfwp6ou' N colloq.


    'W 'J 'V! 1 LL:W:W eJ com .
    ~
    Q..l

    D'JL,J, D11,J~

    ment), liking, preference.

    r_~'!JrJ:w ( Q,J''U) radthanijom' (chaba.b') N state


    convention or code of conduct (issued for the public during World War II). 'WrJ1tl
    A

    ... ...

    thumb. -s y n.
    q ...

    il 'J'Yllil nfwfud' C inch (in the English system). -see 'iJ'J. [ 'Y llil f. Eng.] q
    cW

    'iJ'J~eJ nfwmyy' N finger.


    ~
    IC:il

    d l~el~)

    nfjaajl (cyau')
    d lSeJ~)

    N eleg. legend,
    A

    'W'l'V!'Jbb:W:WeJ

    nfwhua'm~emyy'

    N thumb. -Syn.

    tale, fable, story. -Syn. 'W't11'W, l HH o 'W'J'WrJ1rJ


    A

    com. N lit.

    D11,J, D11,J~ colloq.

    ...

    nawanfjaajl (rJau')

    rJn'iJ'J j6g'nfw' colloq. toaccept(someone's)

    274 superiority. and if no number is expressed, reference is to -Chiefly in compounds. one (item, pair, group, etc.) of something (3rd and 4th examples). Occasionally 'W may appear
    ~I

    'iJ 'l

    bFl ~~ niwkhlial nuclear.

    [f. Eng.]

    'iJ 'l b~ 6l ~

    niwdeenhii', niwdeelhii' pN New Delhi.

    without a elf. in the sequence


    ~I

    'lJ'lJ::;, and the

    [f. Eng.] .'il'J~eJ~Fl niwj~Jgl* pN NewYork. [f.Eng.]

    quantity, whether one or more, is determined by the context. In this case 'W'W::; is pronounced ntiln.?, ntin.?l, nti'.? (sic ) but these pronunciations are not reflected in the orthography; compare 4th and 5th examples. o

    '\JE;\&1~.

    Var. spellingof 'IJ&1~.

    'IJ&1~ nfsiljl N habit, characteristic trait. -+Sometimes spelled

    'iJ E;\ &1~

    'IJ&1~1"lFleJ nfsiljlcajkhJJI N disposition, temperament.


    'il~lil
    ( Fl'W) nfsldl (khonl)

    eJ~1~1~'WeJ~~1~.ff

    jaun6onljaunfi1

    thisandthat;

    like this and like that. N eleg. university o

    ;:W [.[)
    ..,

    1 'U.ff sOml-s:'JJubajlnfil these two oranges.


    ~

    student, college student, undergraduate (male). -+Opp. 'IJ~1111.

    o E;\ :wn ~::; "l1 ~'W sOmlkradtadlnfil this basket of oranges.

    'il~111

    bn1

    (Fl'W) nfsldlka.wl (khonl)

    N eleg.

    ;:w1'lJ.ff~::; b~n
    V

    bTl'Wl'\J

    sOmlbajnfiln.?

    lE~gl:::

    alumnus, alumna (of a university).

    k88nlpaj! This orange is too small.


    d"
    I

    U~lll1 (Fl'W) nfsltaal (khonl) N eleg. woman


    college student, coed.
    J

    C:

    E;\ :W'W'W::;

    b 6l n b n 'W l '\J s(lmlntin.? I

    leglk88nlpaj!

    -+Opp.

    U~lll.

    selmnti'.?-* This orange is too small. These oranges, they're too small.

    'W ntil dP 1. this (one). 2. here. Pt 3. particle

    marking an utterance as an explanation or as an answer to a question, implying that the explanation is simply such and such (2nd example), or that this is as much of an answer as one can give (3rd example). -+Often coupled with
    J-

    "' ~ khyynlnfil tonight. Fl'W'W


    o
    I

    b:WeJFl'W'W
    ~

    "'

    m}'akhyynlnfil last night.

    bV'W'W ch~nnfil like this. b'li1tJ chaawlnfil this morning.


    ~ ~

    "' "'

    L~'W
    I

    fii1'W

    daunii' like this, in this manner; like this,

    (4th and 5th examples). -+See also 'W'W, 1 'W'W. o 'W 'tJ eJ ~ 1Fl :i ntikh:5Jukhraj I
    11

    of this kind; thus; as follows.


    J" ~ b fil ~ 'l 'W diawnfil

    Whose is this?:

    now, at present, at the present

    This (is) whose?


    I I

    II

    time.
    bbliln el'W'W u:k:JJnlniil, tak:JJnlnfil in former times,
    ~

    o &J::;FJ:JU~l:wb~:W'lJ'l::; lakhJJnl jauma.jr~<'lmlnti::: cal The play hasn't started yet is all. o ~ ~ l:w bVl'W:W1'WA::; jauma.jMnmaalntikha! (I) haven't seen (him) come yet. o 'Yh 1~'W 'Yh~ thamnOonlthamntil to do this and that; to do this, that (and the other thing). o
    '1 I A J I "l~ i'W'W'W~'WVl'WeW cadnOonlnfdl-ntiln~Jjl
    cv
    ..., 1

    .J

    nl

    previously .
    'YH'W
    ~

    ce

    ~
    ~

    tMunfil all of this, all this. badlnfil now, at present, at the present time.
    ~

    'U fii'W

    '\J1'W'W paanlnfil to this extent, as (e.g. beautiful)

    as this, like this. to put o E;\ 'l ~'\J 1'WtJ suajlpaannfi' to be as beautiful as this.
    I

    "'

    (things) in order, a little bit here, a little bit there.


    'Yl'W thtinti' here.
    JJ JJ "'

    '\J 1'W'W paannfi' by this time, by now.


    I

    'Y'l ~ ~ 'W phrilunii' tomorrow.


    ~ ~'W
    ~ ~

    jaunfi' like this, this way; of this sort.


    eJ~

    'Wf11J.JHblii'l nti' klimooulltf;wl! What time is it?


    'W~ ~
    J ~

    -same as

    1 ~'W.

    ~ n'W ntil jauuajlkan! What's the meaning

    "' ~ jenlnfil this (coming) evening, this late l ~'W'W


    afternoon.
    ~ ~

    of this? (said on encountering something not quite to one's liking).


    'W nfil dA this, these.
    ~ ~

    'l'W'W

    wannfil today.
    ~

    -See also 'W'W, 1 'W'W.

    "'

    --Often
    'W
    ~

    'l 1'W'W waanlnfil yesterday.


    I~

    "' coupled with 1 'W'W ; 1st example. NOTE.

    is

    Vl:J..I'W
    'IJ

    muunfi' these days, nowadays, at present,

    usually preceded by a elf. (2nd-4th examples),

    during this time.

    275
    ~

    Jll 1 ~'W jaaunfil, jauniil, jauufi' like this, this

    'W ~ 'V!J..J nO:nhom' V to dress, clothe oneself; to wear.


    9

    way; of this sort. -Also

    t.I~'W,ll~~.

    ...., Jt

    ....,

    -For
    I

    n 1 ~-- dressing.
    Cl I
    ~

    b F1

    ~ J ~--

    garment, clothing.

    examples see cross reference.


    tin

    'W ~ b'Vl&l J ~ 'Vl:J.J b'Vi&l J ~


    9

    nO:nlya:n'homlya:n' to wear the

    nyg' V to think. F111:J.J--

    (usually F111:J.JtinA!il,
    "-'

    yellow robe, i.e. be in the priesthood.


    t:.J 1 'W ~
    9
    I

    "'1'~n . Fl~"' q.v. b e l ow ) ...... C omp. b1 '" ..... s yn. v. ' "" "" F1 %'W'Wn, 'Wn F1 ~'W khrOn'nyg', nyg'khr1ln' V to keep

    ( t:.J 'W )

    "'

    pManO:n' (ph)Tyn')

    N the phanung, a

    lower garment made of a wide strip of cloth with one end twisted and hitched between the legs.

    thinking.
    Fl'J1:J.JtinA!il

    khwaamnygkhfd' N thinking, thought,


    'l;I'W
    A

    Formerly worn by both sexes; now rarely seen.

    thoughts.
    I
    dl

    .., '
    9

    nOn' N kapok.

    ..,

    'li1~'Wn'li1~Fl!il

    cMaunyg'cMaukhfd' V elab.

    111'W'W'W

    ( 111'W)

    t6nnOn1 (t6n') kapok tree (Ceiba

    colloq. to be good at thinking, full of ideas.


    tin i''W nyg'khl!.n' V to be amused by the thought 'W:J.J
    9

    pentandra). nOm' V to be soft, spongy, yielding. -com p.


    'W'J:J.J,'W:J.J,JJ'W.
    ~

    (of something). o lil Q'W ll ~ 'W n'tJ 'W 6 ~ J ~ 'W 'W J ll 6 slll dicMn'- jaunyg:::
    'U
    A.a--

    "' -Ant. bb'1H,

    ns::;!il1~.

    <Vel

    cv

    ' 'W:J.J'W 'J &1

    khi!.n'r1aunan'juulaajl ~ I'm still amused by the thought of that (matter, affair,etc.).


    tin 'lt11 'W 1 ~

    '

    nOmnuan' V 1. to be soft, gentle (of man-

    ner, voice). 2. to be smooth, graceful (in action, manner). sV 3. softly, gently; smoothly, gracefully.
    .l
    I

    nygkhi!.m'najcajl to be inwardly

    -s y n.
    I
    ~

    'W:J.J'W 1 &1

    .l

    amused.

    'l;I:J.l'W:J.J nOmntm' V to be soft, yielding, gentle.

    tinFl~'W,Fl~'Wtin nyg'khrOn',khrOn'nyg' V tokeep q q


    thinking.
    tin
    Q,

    'l11'l11~'l;I:J.l'W:J.J

    th~athaa:n'nOmntm'

    gentle manner,

    bearing.

    ~ 'W nyg' cha:n<:>nl

    to be puzzled, in doubt.
    '!;t'W

    J J'W'l;I:J.J ?:,JnnOm' V to be soft and spongy, tender.

    tinif~1'W1~ nygcha:n'najcajl V toharbora


    feeling of hatred.
    tin eJ'W nyglfi!.nl V to imagine, dream (figura-

    nuun' V 1. to bulge out, curve out, be convex. 2. to swell, be swollen.


    n
    ~::; ~

    n 'W'W
    'U

    ( Lbt:.J'W ''lJ 1'W)

    kracoglnuunl (phenl, baan')

    tively). o

    Wl1:J.J-- N dream, imagination.

    N convex mirror.
    'W'W
    'U

    l~tin l~eJ'W ~ 1 m~jnyg'm~jfi!.n'-w~a:::


    dreamed, never thought that ...

    (I) never

    nOun' dP that, there over there, over yonder.

    ..,
    I

    -ct. 1,;'W.
    'W'W nuun' dA that, that (one) over there.
    'U

    tinu J'W nyg'j5::m' V to think back.


    d

    -Cf.

    1,;'W

    'Wn 'J 1

    nyg'w~a:::, nyg'w~a/

    to think that ...

    b'IJF11'l1,

    b~Fll'fl
    ned'

    ( b8'W)

    negthajl

    (s~n')

    N necktie.

    tin bVt'Wi11'W nyg'h~nph~abl

    to picture, imagine,
    bii111

    [f. Eng.]
    ( ~'W)

    visualize.
    tin J t.J 1 n nyg'j.?tag 1 AA feel like (doing something,

    (ph)lyn')

    N net (e.g. for tennis

    game). [f. Eng.]


    b'W111S
    (lil1~,'iJ1~) n~ed'

    e.g. taking a walk); feel like it.

    (dua:n'.kMa:n')

    N lit.,

    eine:Je:Jn nygt?:,Jg' can remember, can recall.


    o 'Wnl:J.JJJn nyg'm~p:,Jg' can't think; can't recall.
    'Vl'J'Wtin huan'nyg' to think back, recall. 'W ~
    &
    ,;, I

    eleg. eye.
    'W~::; 6'W111~

    -Syn. See 1111 com. roy. eye. N attorney;

    phran~edl

    6'W~Dbl!,'n111

    ( Fl'W)

    nee'tlbandld'*(khon')

    barrister-at-law.

    n~'

    V 1. to steam (food), cook with steam.

    6'W~DD6f11118Jl1 nee'tlbandid'saphaa' N barassociation.


    6'W 6'l1J66&l'W neethaalew' pN the Netherlands. [f. Eng.] b'W'W nenl* v 6'Wll

    2. to be steamed.

    'l;\ ~ nO:n' V to dress, put on, wear (lower garment,


    e.g. trousers, the phanung, etc.). ' ' ..., 'W ~ &l :J.J'Vl:J.J~ 1 nO.:nlom 1 homfaa' V e lab. colloq. q to be naked, in the nude: "clothe oneself with wind and sky."

    to stress, emphasize.

    naajl 1. butter. 2. cheese.

    6'Wllbb'iJ~

    "'

    naajkh~D'

    N cheese.

    6'Wll 6 Till:J.J naajthiam' N margarine.

    L'WtJ L'WtJ eHJ'W naaj?oon/ N butter.


    L'lJ S~W nee/rakhun/ V to be ungrateful (to).

    276
    d.J' d.- ~ Fl S'W L'W!Fl S'Wiil 'J

    L'WH

    khrannya/khrantua/ V to feel hot

    and cold, as the first symptoms of a fever.


    J-' b ~ 1 L'lJ ! dtwnya/ V to be fat, plump, chubby (used ...

    L'W S L'11A neerath~ed/ V to exile, deport.


    L'W 1 naw/ V sew. 1. to baste. 2. to be basted.
    I

    esp. of children). Fl'W-"' J' ...

    fatty, fatso.

    L'W 1

    n~w/

    V 1. to be rotten, decayed, putrid. 2. to

    L~1~ L'W!Sl'W'l~ dyadnya/r5oncaj/ elab. colloq.


    to worry, be upset, be troubled. -see b Al ~ s l'W.
    "" J' ...

    decay, rot, putrify.

    1tJ L'W1

    khajn~w/ a

    rotten egg.

    lil~ L'Wllill~'l~

    tldnya/t1ucaj/ V to be fond of, in-

    L~ 1 L~ JtJ , L~ ! tJ L~ 1

    ~wptaj/, pyajn~w/

    V to be
    1;

    terested in, fascinated with (a person or thing).


    '11~ L'Wl'l1~1il'J

    decomposed, rotten to the point of disintegration.


    L'il'W ( ~ n , Ll '1-1 ~ )

    J-'

    1;

    tMunya/tMutua/ 1. all over (the body).

    naan/ (Iaug/, heu/)

    N knoll, mound.

    2. thoroughly. 3. idiom. to one's name (as in


    "not a penny to his name").
    J-' b'W ! Fl 'J 1 :W

    -+Syn. LFln, Lti~.


    bV'W L'il'W pennaan/ to be hilly. L'W'W
    .l
    n~an/

    nyakhwaam/ N essence of a matter;

    V 1. to be slow, tardy; to be long (of


    ... q

    the content (as of a book); subject matter. -syn. 'l~Fl'J 1:w.


    J-' L'W ! Fl 'J 1 tJ

    time). 2. to pass by (of time). 3. to be early. -syn. 1. 'V1,'W1'W.


    o
    b'Jfl1 LD'W:W1.;1'U
    .l

    3. Ln.

    nyakhwaaV N buffalo meat.

    weelaa/n~an/-maah~a/pii/~

    Five years passed by.


    LbVI L'W'W ten~an/ early, ahead of time, in advance. b'W'W
    .l
    I

    "1
    .l

    n~ann~;m/

    sV early, earlier. to come early.


    2.

    :W 1 L'W'W

    "1

    maa/n~ann~an/

    L'il'U'W 1'U n~ab/n~ab/ V 1. to be slow, sluggish.

    L~ ! Lb A ~ nyadeeu / N lean meat. J-' ~ L'W 1'11 S1 tJ ( lil 'J) nyasaaj/ (tua/) N hog deer. J' d L'W1'11 nyathti/ N area; room (space). J-' ... L'Wlbb'l1 nyathe/ N the real thing, the real sense. J-' ... L'W ! e.J 1 nyaphaa/ N texture of cloth. J-' L'W ! b'Wfl ~ nyaphleeu/ N the words of a song, text

    to be ill-fitting and untidy.


    J' L'W1 nya/ N 1. meat, flesh.

    of a song.
    J-' ... L'WJ:W:::;'WS1'J

    2. meat, gist, sub-

    nyamaphraaw/ N coconutmeat.

    stance. 3. deer (a general term). 4. an at. tissue.


    NOTE. l ifil is often used as a replacement for iil'l in semirepeated expressions; 1st exam-

    b~11; nyamaaj/ N wood texture; wood (exclusive


    of bark).
    J-' d L'W1 b s !
    J' ~ L'W l 'J 'J
    ... a'

    nyar1au/ N subject matter, essential

    part of a story. nyawua/ N beef. nyasad/ N meat, flesh. nyamfiu/ N pork. nyah&a/ N text; gist, substance. pennya/diawkan/ to be homoge-

    ple. Sometimes it is used as a replacement for 1'l in semirepeated expressions or split expressions; 2nd and 3rd examples. o

    b-f1 ! Gflil'J

    L~t:Jmife~L~t:J:Wiil'l ciamn~a/ciamtua/
    modestandunassuming: L~t:J:W!il'l

    to be

    L~l '1-l:W
    ... 'IJ

    idem.

    ~ Lifo~L'l diin~a/diicajl

    b.WeJ'l-11

    V to be glad, happy,

    pleased, delighted: ~1 'l idem. o

    bV'W b~eJ b ~tJ 'J rl'W

    L~illil Lifil;ii'WL'l d~adn~a/d::mcajl

    to worry,

    neous; to be well-blended, smoothly joined.


    t:J 'J

    be upset, be troubled: L~ ilol ~~ ii'W idem.

    ""

    b'J-' W !

    J' ~ ~ nfl'U L'W l nfl'U 1i1 'J klabnya/klabtua/ V to change


    ~

    ...

    phlwnya/ N complexion. modnya/modtua/ V to be penniless,

    Vl:WA b-f1l'Vl:WAl'i'J

    one's conduct, to reform.


    ... J' nf11:WL'Wl

    lose everything one has.


    b'"' W l ~

    (J7~,V'W) klaamnya/ (mad/,chfn/) N

    ...

    See entries below. nyau/nfd/ always, regularly, constantly.

    muscle.
    n'W Lf1 ! An'W L'W ! kinl1ad/kinnya/ co 11 o q., fig.
    A.~.:::.&-'

    b-f1 ! ~ 'illil tJ

    b-f1 ! ~

    "1 nyaunyau / often, unceasing! y, unremitting! y.


    nyau/ntn/ V to be crowded, overcrowded,

    to eat someone up alive (as with anger).


    ... J' L'l.l1 L'W1 (1) khawnya/; (2) kMw/nya/ V 1.
    d

    b-f1 l ~ bl'W'W

    congested.
    b'W ! ~

    idiom. to lose (opp. of gain). 2. to penetrate into the flesh (as an ointment), into the meat (as seasoning).

    n1au/ V to be due to, connected (with), related (to).

    b'W l ~ ~ 1 n

    n1au/ caag:::

    owing to, on account of,

    l'lHH due to; owing to the fact that, because of the fact that, since. L'W J .:j r1 'l fJ
    d "'
    n~au /

    277
    crowded, congested.

    Ll 'W::

    ll~'Wd~
    I IV

    ntn/pY:rJ/ colloq. 1. to be very tight. 2.

    dQa j::: owing to, on account of,

    to be firmly tied, securely tied, tied tightly. Ll'W'W Ltl~fJ:: ntn/plfa?/ V colloq. 1. to be ex-

    due to, arising from, because; owing to the fact that, because of the fact that, since. L'WJ.:jl'W n~au/naj:::
    d
    d

    tremely crowded, congested. 2. to be very tight, firmly tied, tied tightly.


    Ll'W'WLL~'W
    I "'

    on the occasion of.

    ~'\J L'W J .:j s)rybn~au/ V 1. to pass on, be passed on,


    continue. 2. to derive (from), be a consequence

    ntnften/ V 1. to be firm, steady, secure. firmly, se-

    sV 2. firmly, securely. JfJ 1 ~-curely, tightly.


    I

    Ll'W'W'Vi'W 1 ntnna.a/ V 1. to be strong, tightly con(maaca.ag:::) to be a consequence (of). 'Vi'W 'W b'W J q
    d
    ~ nun/n~au/

    structed. sV 2. strongly, securely. 'Vi'Wn Ll'W'W nagntn/ to be steady, firm. 'Vi'W 1 Ll'W'W ma/ntn/ V to be crowded, congested, densely populated. Ll'W'\J nteb/ V 1. to be close to, flat against; to cling to (the body, as clothes). 2. to attach. LL'W'\Jmlil nteb/tld/ to be attached to. Ll'W'\J LlJfJ'W n~ebnian/ to be a perfect fit; to be wellfitted, well-joined. LJ 1'Vill'W'\J
    'II
    v

    to bring up reinforce-

    ments (troops) in a continuous stream. L11 J fJ nyaj/ V to be apathetic, indifferent, slowmoving, listless. L11DfJ '1 nyajnyaj/ sV apathetically, indifferently, slowly, listlessly, uninterestingly. L11 J fJ G1 ~ nyaj/lou/ V to slow down, become apathetic. Ll'W nte/ V 1. to be sure, certain. 2. to be firm, stable. 3. co 11 o q. to be smart, sharp, good, effective, good (at, in). sV 4. certainly, for sure.

    ?awhuu/n~eb/

    to put one's ear against. N 1. line, row, strip.


    v

    LL'W 'l
    J-'

    ( Ll'W 'J) neew/ (neew/)

    C 2. elf. for same. -Cf. 1'1'\.J, LL m, S ::'W 11 . 'li'Wll'W 'l ll'W 1'111 ~
    kh~/neew/

    to have welts. N way,

    Ll~Llfll ~ nte/keecaj/ to be confident. lb~L'l ntecaj/ V 1. to be sure, certain.


    confident.
    lv

    ( '111 .:j) neewthaau/ (thaau/)


    .,

    2. to be

    direction, trend.
    d

    JfJ 1 ~-- certainly, assuredly.

    Ll'W'l(rl)'Vi1

    ('W'ln,A'W) neew(thti)Ma/ N idiom.

    ll'W'U'Iil nte/cha~d/ V 1. to be certain, definite, sure. sV 2. surely, clearly. lb'W'WJ'W nten:)::m/ V 1. to be certain, definite. sV 2. certainly, definitely, absolutely, positively, of course.
    I.J

    1. fifth column, spy ring (pMag/). 2. fifth col-

    umnist, spy (khon/). ll'W 'l S'\J ( Ll'W 'l , li11'W) neewr6b/ (neew/, battle line, fighting front. Ll 'W 'l 'Vi'W 1 neewntta/ N m i 1 it. the front, front line.
    v

    ~an/)

    n 1 S--

    certainty.

    A'l 1 :W--

    certainty; phys. stability. bl'W'W .:j nte/nfu/ V to be unconscious.


    I I

    ll'W'l'Vi/i1.:j neewlau/ N milit. therear;rearechelon. Ll'W'l ntw/* V to be direct, steadfast. sV 2. colloq. fast, quickly.
    I I

    ll'W 'Hl'W ntwnte/ V 1. to be resolute, determined, single minded. s V 2. resolutely, unswervingly. l ~'WLL~ pennte/ for a certainty, for sure.

    ll 'W 'l ll 'W ntwnte/ V to be resolute, determined, singleminded. sV 2. resolutely, unswervingly.

    LL~'W n~n/*

    V 1. to be tight, tight-fitting, compact,

    ll~ 'l 1tJ

    ntw/paj/ to go straight to.

    packed, congested, crowded. 2. (contents) to pack, be packed tightly into (a container); to jam, crowd (a place). sV 3. tightly, compactly. A'l1:W-- density, tightness, compactness.
    v

    Ll'W:: n?/ V 1. to advise, guide. 2. to hint, suggest. tJiilll'W:: 'll'W::tJrl nad/n?/, n?/nad/

    1. to make

    an appointment, make arrangements (as to when, where, what, and who). lb'W::'ll1 nt?nam/ V 1. to advise, guide. 2. to suggest. 3. to introduce. instruction. Ao1-advice, suggestion,

    -Syn. 1, 2.
    I

    A'\J.

    A'l'\JLL'W'Wkht1abntn/ V tech. tocondense. L'WJ.:jLL'W'W nyau/ntn/ V to be crowded, over"'' I

    bb 'W:::

    278

    'HiiViJJ1tJbb'W:::'W"11i'11

    ( 9),1J'IJ) codm<laj/-n?nam':::

    1~:W~1 'd
    1'W

    n6omnaaw' V to influence (the thinking

    tua' (chaJJabl)

    N letter of introduction, letter

    of another). najl sV 1. inner, internal. 2. in (of space, esp. enclosed space); in, at, on (of time). insider.
    bFI~eJ~--

    of recommendation. o bb'W:::'\.!"1':1 1 n?nam'w~a/ to advise that, suggest that. o Lb'W:::'\.! 11;


    0

    FI'W--

    an

    internal body organs. -Ant.

    n?nam'h~j:::

    to advise to, induce to, o o o

    'We:Jn.

    suggest that (someone do thus and so). o Lb'W:::'\.! 11 ; ;~n


    0

    'U

    n?nam'h~jn1ucag'

    to introduce

    (someone to someone else).


    bb'W::: n~?/ E 1. Hey! (interjection to call attention).

    1'W~1'W najb~an' inthehouse. 1'W l~; 1 najm~jchaa' in a short time. 1'W b '] 611~ najweelaalnfil at this time. kh~nna j'
    inside, (the) inside.

    o 1'W1'WlVi'W najwan'n<ljl onwhatday? ; 1 ~ 1'W

    2. Hey! Hi! (to greet someone). -Frequently used with a preceding demonstr. pronoun.
    J.,

    J''W1 'W channajl inner layer, the inside.

    o PI'W'Wbb'W::: duun1ln'nt?l Look over there! Look 'U at that! o 'Wbb'W::: ntilnt?l Here! Here it is!
    d

    n1~bn~J''W1'W

    (!il'd)

    kaaukeen'cMnnajl(tua 1 )

    N shorts, underpants; panties. -Also

    n 1 ~ bn ~

    h.
    b'W iJ 11 'W n9an'naj::: 1 'W n ~::: 'IJ 1 'W
    d

    1'W
    h;-lil

    nool V to get a swelling, raise a lump (as from


    a bump on the head). n6od' N 1. note, notes (taken down). 2. note, notes (musical). [f. Eng.] -Sometimes spelled

    on the occasion of.

    najkrabuanl 1. in the matter of, as

    regards. 2. of, among.

    1'W'Vbl6:::~ 1'W Fl ~ 11 1'W 1 "l

    najkhana?'niil at this time, at present;

    1~m. ~ r~1;Iii cbdln6odl to record, note, take notes. 1~'\.! n6onl dP that over there, that yonder. -Often
    coupled with 'W.
    J.,

    for now, for the time being.

    Vi; 1

    najkhraaw'n~al

    next time, on the next

    occasion. najcajl in one's head, in one's mind, on one's

    -co mp. 'W'W.


    'U

    -See also

    'W'W,'W.

    mind, in mind, in one's heart; inwardly, silently; see examples. o Fl 'd 1 J.J 1'W 1 "l khwaam'najcaj I what is on one's

    rh 1~'Wrh~ thamnaon'thamntil to do this and that;


    to do this, that (and the other thing).
    '1'11'\.l'W thiin5on' over there, yonder.
    d<;I

    mind, in one's heart. o fir~1'W1"l khid 1 najcajl 1. tofigureinone'shead

    1~'\.l

    n6on 1 dA yon, that (one) over there. -comp.


    2(

    ~'W.

    -Often coupl:d with 'W (1st example).

    (do mental arithmetic). 2. to think silently, think to oneself. o i1Wdo11'W11 amused.


    1 'W bAiJ'W:J:l 61'\.!.1 EJ'W g

    NOTE. Uses of 1 'W'W with and without numbers and classifiers or with the particle 'W::: exactly
    ~

    nygkMm'najcajl to be inwardly

    2(

    parallel those of the forms 'W'W and

    'W

    q.v.

    o 1 ~ 1 ~ 1~'W eJ ~ 1 ~ ~ jaaun6on'jaaunl:i' this and that; like this and like that, this way and that. o

    Vi;

    najdyan'mithunaa' jon'- n1la'

    next June.
    1 'Wiil

    ;tl1tJFI'W1~'W
    'U

    ph1luchaajlkhonn6on' that man

    el'W~

    najt::>::>n'niil at this time. najthaau:::, najthaan' 1. in (such and such}

    over there.

    1'W'YI11

    el~ 1 ~ 1~'W

    jaaun6on', jaun6on', jann6on' like that,

    a way. 2. on the way, along the way. NOTE. In many instances this expression corresponds to English -ly; see examples. o 1 'W '1111 :J:lde:J'IJ najthaau'mich5::>b 1 in a wrong way, illegally. o 1'Wm~ bl'1~'t<f~Tl"l najthaau'-seed'thakld' 1.

    that way, of that sort. -Also

    tT~ 1 ;'W, tT~ 1 ;'W.


    2(

    -Chiefly used in combinations with eJ tJ 1 ~ 'W

    as

    in the following example; for further examples see cross reference.


    1;JJ n6om' V 1. to bend down, bend over (e.g. to

    pick something up). 2. to be bent over, bowed down, pulled down (as a branch loaded with fruit).

    from the economic standpoint. 2. in an economical way; economically.

    lw
    1 'W~
    d

    279

    'UJn Gl1 ~ najth~am'klaan' in the middle of,


    najthtisud' in the end, at last, finally. najpadcuban' at present, now. najphaaj/Ia!J' afterwards, later, in

    inside of, within (time or space). 2. internal.

    in the midst of, amidst, among.


    1 'WTI611i1
    9 9

    n 1 s-tire).

    internal affair(s).

    U1~1'W ( l61'W)

    "'

    jaannajl (s~n')

    N inner tube (of

    1mJ"! "!cU'W
    1'WJ11UV!&1'~
    d

    'V!'W eJ ~ 1 'W, 1 sA--

    n~onnajl, rllog 1 n~onnajl N gon-

    the future.
    1 'W L:J..I eJ

    orrhea.
    'Vl'W ~ b'W'l"l'W
    d
    "l
    ~

    najm1a' when, in the event that. najmajchaa' in a short time, shortly,

    nY!J'najphan' 1. "one in a thousand,"

    1'W 1~J 1
    soon.

    hence extraordinary, rare, exceptional. 2. one thousandth (i.e. the fraction).

    1 'W; :J..I najrllm' in the shade, indoors.

    2. (as n.

    'V!~~1'W~
    I "'

    nY!J'najslil 1. one in four, one of four.

    mod.) indoor.
    1'W~::::U:::: najraja?l within (a period of time, a
    'IJ

    2. one fourth.
    eJ u1 'W:J..I eJ juu'najmyy' 1. to be in the hands (of),

    range of distance).

    under the control (of). 2. to be at hand, on hand, in stock.

    1'W~::::'V!1 1~

    najrawaau' 1. between, among. 2.

    in the midst of, during.

    1'W ~ 1 1
    1 'W L S 1
    "'

    najraaw' about, around.

    'W najrewrew'nfil soon, in the near

    d'

    'U

    future.
    1 'W L ~ 1
    d

    1'W najrewrew'wan'

    soon, in the very

    'U

    boo' MIDDLE consonant. Pronounced b both initially and finally. The sound bas an initial consonant is always written 'U ; as a final consonant it is usually spelled with 'U but sometimes also with tJ , 'l"l , ~ , or Jl
    'U 1 'Yl baht, tical. bAS eJ ~'U'W airplane.
    d
    A

    near future.

    1'W L ~ eJ ~

    naj r1an' 1. in (such and such a) case,

    event, matter. 2. in regard to, in the matter of, in the case of.
    1 'W 1 'W 1 'W 'l"l ~~
    9

    najwan'najphrO!J' colloq. in a day

    'U GJ 'U

    Abbrev. for

    or two, very soon, in a short time.

    .IB Abbrev. for

    1'W1'W'Vl~1 najwan'n~a'

    some other day (in the

    'U b:Jo', b:':l:::;

    AA lit., archaic, dial.

    not.

    future}, some future day.


    1'W1'W1'Vl'W najwan 1 n~.jl on what day? 1 'W L 1 Gl1 najweelaa' at (such and such a) time, at

    'V!1~1~iJ1; hllakMa'b:':lmfd~ajl
    invaluable, priceless.
    ~ ~

    V lit. to be

    'U.fi.GJ

    Abbrev.for

    f\el~'I.J"iA'I.Jf\1S

    milit. headquar-

    the time of, in, during. o 1 'W l1 Gl1 n Gl1 ~ A'W najweelaa'klaaukhyyn' at night. o 1 'W l 1 Gl1d najweelaa'nfil at this time, at the present time, nowadays. o 1 'W l 1 f11 'V!f\ 1:J..J ~ najweelaa'- hog'moou' at six o'clock. o 1 'W l1 Gl10'W Sd Iii l ~ 1 najweelaa'- ?anrOad'rew' in a very short time, very quickly (of time).
    Q..>

    ters.
    'U. 'Uf\

    n .IB Abbrev. for


    GJ

    'Us

    HlJ, 1 fin 1 s

    editor.

    bOg' N 1. land (as opposed to sea). 2. (as. n. mod.) land, terrestial. -+Dis t.
    '11:::: l ~ .

    A'W.

    -+Opp.

    n eJ ~ rJ'l"l'U n ( n eJ ~ rl'l"l) boutMb'bOg' (boutMb')


    N army, military land forces. Abbrev. 'tl'U.
    'IJ'W'I.Jf\ kh1nb0g' V 1. to land, go ashore.
    ~

    sV 2.

    J/

    1'W61:!.Wf\el'W('W) najsamajlk:Jon(nfil)

    in the past,

    ashore.
    l ~'W'Uf\ da;mbQgl V to walk; to travel on foot. 'tl'V!1S'Uf\ (A'W) thahaanbOg' (khon')

    in previous times, in olden days .


    .-

    1 'W'V!Gl 1 ~

    .( eJ ~A, 'l"l s:::: eJ ~A) najluau' (?ou 1, phra?ou')

    N soldier.

    N colloq. the king (short form). --See

    n.;}lil U .

    '111 ~ 'U n thaau bog' by land.


    f1:J..J'Uf\ lombog'
    I

    1'W O'W "I::::

    naj?an'ca:::;

    in order to, in order that.

    N land breeze.

    1'W 1eJ n 1 f'l

    naj?ookaad' on the occasion of. 1. inside, interior;

    Gflil 1'\Jf\ ( ~1) sadbOg' (tua') N land animal.


    'Uf\ ~B in 'Uf\'WSel"i bOgphr~n'*V 1. to be defective,

    Jl1t11'W phaajnajl, phaajlnaj:::;

    280
    not up to standard, deficient. 2. to be in inefficient, negligent (as of duty). Fl'J1JJ-ciency; inefficiency, negligence.
    .... I

    'U'W

    'UTin

    bod~'kawiil' N poetry. This includes all kinds


    d

    defi-

    of verse forms, viz. LF161 'l, :Q'W;, n TYHJ"', n ~ O'W.


    'UTIFl'J111
    d

    ('UTI, lSO'l)

    bodkhwaaml'

    (bbd~",cyau~")

    '1J O'U n'l'l HH

    ( '1J 0 I tJ ~ ~ n 1 n

    kh~~l'bQgphr~u/

    N an article (in a newspaper, magazine, etc.).


    'UTITI

    bbd~'thtinY1J1'

    (kh~~l', prakaan~')

    N weakness, fault, defect,

    1. the first chapter, Chapter 1.

    flaw. o '1! 1 fillil n 'U n'l'l :1 o 'l


    khaadtog~"bogphr~u,

    2. the first lesson, Lesson 1.


    v 1. to be 'U rM 1 ('UTI)
    bbdnam~" (bOd~")

    N introduction, intro-

    deficient, defective, wanting. 2. to fall short.


    'U 'l in 'U 'l n 1 ~ botJkaanl' V to dictate, give com-

    ductory chapter. -Dis t. Fl'1'W'1.

    'Ul11Tb1!~~ ( lil.'IT'U)
    die-

    bbd~"banjadl' (chabab~')

    N an arti-

    mands, give orders, direct things. tating (of orders); the dictates (of). tator.

    n 1 ~-'ll

    cle (of a law, a parliamentary act, a constitution).


    'Ul1'U1l1

    e.J-- die-

    bbdbaadl' N role, part (as in a play).


    ('Ull)

    'UlltJs~i'WS

    bbd~'praphanl' (bOd~')

    N a literary

    'U 'l bOtJI' V 1. to indicate, specify, show, reveal.

    composition, work; a writing.


    'Ullb'l'lGH ('Ull)
    bbdphleeu~" (bod~')

    2. to pick out, extract (e.g. a thorn with a needle); to pick open (e.g. an abscess). specification, specifying; extracting.
    'U 'l ~ 'l bOu~"thY1JI' to refer to.
    'U~ l'U~ b6ureu~"*

    N song; the text

    n 1 :l--

    of a song.

    'Ulll~U'W ('Ull)
    'UTI611L mr ('UTI) 'UOn'Ull

    bodrianl' (bOd~')

    N lesson. N penal code.

    bbd~'loutMod~' (bod~")

    V slang to make a loud noise;

    b~~gbbd~'

    V theatr. to prompt (e.g. an

    to be loud, noisy.
    'Ufil
    G)

    actor as to his lines).


    'U'W
    G)

    bbdl' V 1. to grind, pulverize, crush (as with

    bonl' sV 1. upper. 2. on upon (something); in (the sky). -Ant.


    ~

    a pestle or in a grinder). 2. to make level by means of weight (e.g. a street with a roller). l Fl S 0 ~-- grinder, grinding mechanism. S bl'U fil bl'W'W ( A'W) roller.
    'Ufil
    I:J

    11.

    'U'WL;~
    v

    bont6?1' on the table.

    o 'U'W"rl 1 bonfaal' in the sky.

    r6dbbd~'thanOnl' (khan~')

    ..,

    N steam

    '1J 1 'l'U'W

    kh~ubon~'

    1. upper part. 2. above, on

    top. 3. upstairs.
    J''W'U'W

    -opp.

    '1!116111.

    bodl' V to obstruct, obscure, shield, screen. -Chiefly in compounds.

    chanbonl' upstairs, upper story, upper layer,

    upper shelf.
    J-' l'U01'U'W

    'Ufil'IY1 bodbatJI' V 1. to obstruct, eclipse, obscure.

    b1aubonl' 1. upper part, top. 2. above.

    2. to be shielded, obscured.
    'L 01

    l ~'W l cffU'U'W

    pen~'btabonl'

    idiom. 1. to be superior,

    in

    l! O'U fil

    ( &(1)

    ryabOdl' (lam~')

    N small

    on top. 2. to have the advantage, have the upper hand. 3. to outdo.


    '\J'W
    I:J

    boat (propelled by paddling or rowing).


    '\Jll ('Ull, l
    d
    ~

    Fl 'J 111-- superiority.

    0 'l)

    bOd~' (bOd~', cyau~")

    N 1. the text,

    bon~'

    V to make a vow (e.g. to a god).

    the lines (as of a song or play); subject (of an argument, discussion). C 2. elf. for chapter, lesson, verse; for proverbs, sayings, songs, etc.; for a move (in strategy). o Sl'l 'UTI'tiO'U'1J'WJJ 1 lou~"- b0dch!bbl'kh1nmaal' whenJ'

    'U'W'U 1'W

    bonbaanl' V to pledge, make a vow (to ren-

    der a gift, a service, etc. if one's desire is granted).


    'U'W
    bon~'

    V 1. to complain, grumble. 2. to say (some-

    thing) repeatedly, over and over continually.


    ~I

    ever a liking arises; whenever love arises.


    Mfil'UTI tad~'bodl' V to cut the discussion short; to

    '1!'\.J'W

    khtibonl' V co 11 o q. to be given to complain-

    ing, grumbling; to be a complainer, grumbler.


    Fl'W-v

    break off a conversation, an argument (e.g. by changing the subject, by bringing the matter to a conclusion).
    'U Tin S1 O'W

    a complainer, grumbler.
    khambOn~' (kh~~/,

    Fl'1'U'W

    ( '1J 0, tJ S ~ n 1 :l)

    prakaanl')

    N complaint. N a verse or
    'U'W "' bl'l (1, 2)
    bbn~'thyu~;

    ( '\Jll)

    oodkb~n/ (bod~')

    (2)

    bonthY1J~'

    V 1. to com-

    poem in one kind of Thai verse form (the n 61 O'W ).

    plain about. 2. colloq. to talk about, mention

    281

    D~Sb~1

    often.

    "' i!~DS"S'l'W"1dT'W (1D)


    9

    tM:u'-bancu?'ruimman' {baj')
    ~

    ~'W.W:wth

    bOn'phympham' to grumble, mutter,

    eleg. oil storage tank, fuel tank. -Syn.

    ~H

    murmur.
    D:W born' V 1. to cure (tobacco).

    "' 'Wo1ii'W com.


    2. to age (wine, normally picked
    0

    Dn

    l '1J 'd ~
    9

    bancu?'khuad' e 1 eg. V 1. to fill a bottle.

    wood). 3. to ripen (e.g.

    ~ruits

    2. to be bottled (as in the following example).


    D n 'l'1J d ~ 1~f:JD~~~ . . . 'lo1rl~

    green, as bananas, mangoes). 4. to train. D S :W b:Jrom', barom', b:Jrom'ma:::; very, to the utmost degree.
    fl 'd 1 d-ID S :WGi '1J khwaam'b:Jrom'masug' N supreme
    9

    bancu?lkhuad'-

    supreme, great;

    doojb:J:Jrisad' ... camkad' bottled by the ... Company, Ltd.


    D S SlJ!.

    Bound stem referring to "books, writings"

    happiness.
    D a :W 1

    in the following entries. :uOo'b:Jrom' co 11 o q.


    D ~ SlJ!oW.fl'W

    ~, 1 ~D S :W b:Jrom':u~ol,

    banlnaphfph6b' N e 1 eg. literary world,

    to be utterly stupid, abysmally ignorant. fl'd 1d-l-utter stupidity, ignorance. D S :W 1D S 11J! b:Jrom'booraan' co 11 o q. extremely ancient, very old.
    DS:WS

    the world of literature.


    D S SlJ! 1sn 1 S ( fi'W)

    bannaa'thfkaan' (khon')

    editor.

    -Often abbrev. D . n . bannaa'rag' {khon') N librarian.

    D S Hlbl i'n"e~- ( fi'W) DS a~1

    l'l.fUl b"e~-n b:Jrom'raachaalphfseeg' N eleg.


    ~

    bandaa' N eleg. all, all of, the totality of.

    coronation ceremony.
    'W S::: D a :W:Wv'l1:! 1 'l.fd ~

    -c 0

    m p. '\J s::: ~ 1
    ~
    I; fiS~~Vl~1tJ
    ... 'll

    c 0 11 0 q.

    ( Lb Vl ~ ) phnib:Jrom'mahlia':::; N eleg. the grand palace.

    '

    o D S S ~ 1 fl -syn.
    D:! :! ~ 1 n ~

    bandaa 'khruu' e 1 e g. all teachers. com.

    r.1adchawa:u' (h8:u')
    'W s ::: D :! :W :! 1 <BiJ

    ( eJ ~ fl...) phrab:Jrom' rna raa 'chinii I

    rr

    bandaasag' N the conferred title of


    ~'W'W 1 ~

    (?o:u') N e leg. 1. the supreme queen, highest queen. 2. Her Majesty the Queen. -Op p.
    q

    rank of the nobility. See note under D :! S ~ 1 ~ .


    'U ss 1 ~ Dn
    ~

    See 1J"W lil1 ~ . See 'll'W 1A .


    ~ ~

    q.,

    Q..-'

    'W S ::: D 1 m1 d-1 b ~ 'l 'W:!::: b "l 1 eJ f:J Vl 'd


    ... 'll

    the king.

    'W S :::D S d-1

    'll

    nJ ( eJ ~ fl) phrab:Jrom'marOubl (?o:u')

    ~l'l

    ( 'U

    ~~,

    eJ'W)

    bantMd' N 1. (horizontal)

    N eleg. picture, statue of the king.

    ...

    line, rule, ruled line (for writing on) (bantMd'). 2. line (of writing, of print) (bantMd'). 3. ruler

    ...

    saa'm1wo:u' (?o:u') of the royal family.

    N e leg. royalty, member

    (with a straight edge) (?an').


    'Us n1~~ 1'W

    banthad'thlian' N convention, rule,

    'W:J:::DSd-IA'W phrab:Jrom'masob' N roy. corpse,

    standard, basis.
    0

    body of a king.
    D a:! "l
    ~

    n 1 a-- royal funeral.

    Vl in D :!

    s TI~ ~

    1 'W

    lag'- bantMd'tMan' N basis'

    banco:u' 1. to do neatly, carefully, painstak-

    foundation.

    ingly, delicately. 2. to be neatly, carefully, tidily done. -Also


    BFH , '\J s::: 'l ~

    1;D s s 11'~ ( el'W)


    straightedge. D s:! ~n

    maajbanthad' (?an')

    N ruler,

    lit.

    D S:! 'l ~ b ~f:J'W banco:u'khian' to write neatly,

    banthug' V to load on (a truck, a ship, a train);

    clearly, legibly.
    Dn'lD

    to pack, pack onjthe back of a pack animal).


    fi1S:::'d1~DSS~n

    bancob' V eleg. 1. to put together, join.

    kh.1arawaa:u'banthlig' N eleg.

    2. to complete (as a cycle). 3. to meet, join, come together at one point. -Syn. 3. 'WD com.
    -Cf.
    'Un'l
    9

    shipping charge, freightage.

    Hl'USa~n (A'W) 9
    colloq.

    r6d'banthlig' {khan')

    N 1. eleg.
    ~

    '\J S ::: "l D

    l;J .

    truck. 2. freight car. -s yn. 1.


    "' d
    ~

    s 1.1~ ~ ~

    bancu?l V eleg. 1. to fill, pack (a container, storage receptacle) with. 2. to load (a gun).

    b s eJ'U s s ~n b fl s eJ ~ 'U'W 9

    ( ~1)

    rya'- bantMg'khJ1a:u:::;

    3. to fill (a vacant position) with, appoint. 4. to contain, hold, be filled with. 5. to store.

    bin/ (lam')

    N aircraft carrier.

    D n b ~ 1 banthaw' V 1. to relieve (e.g. suffering), alleviate, reduce. 2. (pain, pressure) to diminish,

    282 get less, lessen. 3. to get better (as when sick). 4. (a storm) to subside. 5. to give relief.
    'Us

    full. 2. to be abundant, plentiful.


    mn.~lil:w.

    -+Syn. 2.

    Jud76 ~ :W'\J S'\J s;


    'U

    chan/- madthajom/b;:,;:,ribuun/ N

    s bTl1 ~n 'V

    banthaw/thllg/ V to relieve distress

    the final year of secondary school.


    'US'W1S (A'W)

    (e.g. by curing an illness, alleviating poverty).


    'Us s bTl1 b'U 1'U 1 ~

    b;:,;:,riphaan/ (khan/)

    N eleg. retinue;

    banthaw/bawbaan/ V to subside,

    attendant.
    '\JSJl1"&

    become less serious (of illness, distress, etc.).


    'Us s bTl1 fl ~

    b;:,;:,riph~ad/ V eleg. 1. to blame, accuse.

    banthaw/lon V to alleviate, reduce

    2. to censure, reproach.
    '\JSLJlA

    (e.g. pressure).
    'U SS'W, 'U SS'W-

    b;:,;:,riph!'log/

    v
    ~--

    eleg. toconsume.eat. n1s-consumer. --Syn.

    ban/, ban/pha:::, ban/pha::: early,

    consumption.

    nu com.
    N 1.

    first, original.

    '\J S:W 11il S b;:,;:,rim~ad/ N volume. -+Also '\J S 1 1 s ( Fl'W, lil 1 1)

    'lJ S:W 1lil S .

    ~n lil'1'U s s;

    dyg/damban/ V to be ancient, belong-

    b;:,;:,riwaan/ (khan/, duan/)

    ing to antiquity.
    'US S'Wn 161 ban/phakaan/ N 1 it. former times,

    followers, attendants, retinue (khon/), 2. astron. satellite (duan/). chaad/b;:,;:,riwaan/ satellite nation. ' '\J s b 'dU! ('Us b 'dU!, bm1) b;:,;:,riween/ (b;:,;:,riween/, hn/)
    'I] 1 M'\J
    ~ ~

    ancient times.
    'U ss 'W'U HJ- ( Fl'W)

    s1 1 s

    ancestors, forebears, forefathers.


    'Us s ~ 1 n 1 A banjaa/kaad/ N atmosphere. 'Us

    ''

    ban/pMburii.d/ (khan/)

    N e 1 e g.

    N 1. area, region, environs, vicinity, grounds

    (around a building). 2. sector, zone. 3. compound, confines.


    ~'flo'\JS b 'JU!
    ('US b 'dl],, bbV!~)

    s ~ 1~

    banjaaj/, banrajaaV V 1. to describe,

    relate, narrate, explain. 2. to deliver (an address,. turing.

    jud/thab;:,;:,riween/

    n 1 S-- narration, description; lec-

    '
    A<V

    (b;:,;:,riween/,htn/)

    N milit. battle zone, war


    d

    zone; theater command.

    uni~ banlaj/

    eleg. to die, to be destroyed,

    '\J S"&'fl

    ( 'U S"&'fl, V!eJ ~, bb'l-11, 'fl)

    A<V

    b;:,;:,risad/ N 1. company,

    ruined, annihilated.
    un~

    firm (b;:,;:,risad/}. 2. e up hem. toilet, water


    closet(h~n/,hf:u/,thti/).

    banlu?/ V eleg. to arrive (at), reach, attain, accomplish, fulfill.

    -+Syn. 2.

    Gi'd:W com.,

    "

    'U SS ~ b1 ~ TlV!l-Jl ~ banlu? /thY1JthtimilaV to reach

    "'

    b'd'l vulg . .'\J S 8 'fiS b;:,;:,risud/ V to be pure, unadulterated, virgin,


    9

    one's destination.
    'Us s 61'i1MJl1 1:;:; banlu?/nftlphaawa?/, -niti?phaa:::

    innocent.
    I

    A'd1:JJ--

    purity, pureness, virginity.

    wa?/ V 1a w to come of age, reach legal age, attain one's majority.


    'Us s fli'Hl banlu?/phr>n/ V to succeed, be success-

    '

    eJ lJ 1 ~-'\JS8'flf1"l
    9

    innocently, purely. b;:,;:,risud/caV V to be open-hearted,


    A'J1:W-- sincerity.

    sincere.

    '\JS'l-11 S b;:,;:,rih&an/ V

    1. to administer, carry out,

    ' ful,

    attain results. e 1 eg. to play music.


    --Cf.

    execute, put into effect; to run (something).

    'U n b 61 ~ banleen/ V
    b'W61~.

    n 1 S-- administration; administering, running


    (something).
    [:,!-'U

    an administrator, executive.

    'Us eJ'W'1/ in

    Tl eJ ~'Us eJ'W'1/ th;:,;:,npr:m/*, th;:,;:,np;:,n/*

    n1ll'\JSV!1S

    kaaj/b;:,;:,rih&an/ N (bodily}exercise. to administer,

    bronze. Also called TleH ~:Wb] TlS .


    f. Eng.]

    "'

    ['\J S eJ'W'1f

    '\JSV!1S11'W b;:,;:,rih&an/uaan/ V

    execute.

    n 1 s--

    administration, administering.

    'USn1s b;:,;:,rikaan/ N 1. eleg. service. V 2. to

    eJ'Tw 1 "l '\J SVI1 S ?amn~ad/b;:,;:,rihilan/ administrative

    serve, assist.

    power, executive power.


    '\J'Jn buag/ V 1. math. to add.

    " 'USn1s'W'1 b;:,;:,rikaan/naam/ N water service.


    'US'l1Fl,'US'l"l1Fl b;:,;:,ricaag/, b;:,;:,rfd/caag/ V

    2. plus. 3. slang

    eleg.

    to collide.
    bAs eJ 1'\J'dn b61'1.1
    d

    to donate, contribute, give to charity.


    'U S'U SU! b;:,;:,ribuun/ V 1. to be complete, perfect,
    'U

    ( bAs eJ 1)

    khJ1an/buagl~eg/

    (khJ1an/)

    N adding machine.

    LJ 1 n

    283

    'lHJ :WLJ

    w5l'U 1 n ph6nbuag' N mat h. sum.


    LJ 1 ~ ( LJ 1 ~ ) bUau 1 (buau') N loop, snare, noose.
    -Comp.'VI1~.

    'U eJ n

    1;

    b~;,gbftj'

    V to tell by making signs (when

    speech is to be avoided); to give a high sign to. 'UeJfllT1'1

    b~;,gpad' V colloq. to turn down, refuse.

    LJ 1 6d buad' V to enter the priesthood (as a novice or as a priest), be ordained. {JnLJ 1 'lJ ( 11 TW, nJ, eJ ~ Fl)
    'U
    I

    'U eJ n b'() 1'1 b~;,gp88d/ LJ eJ n 1~ blfl


    'U
    I

    ll 0 q.

    bs

    l esc. to

    turn down, turn away, refuse. bb;,g'm.ijthuug' (I) can't say, can't tell

    .r

    nagbuad' (th~n', rilub',

    ?ou')

    N ascetic, priest, hermit.

    exactly; (it's) hard to say, hard to tell. 'U eJ n b1:11


    b~;,gl~w'

    'U 'HJ bilan' V to spit; to spit out (e.g. seeds of fruit). 'U 1'WU 1n bilanpaag' V to rinse the mouth. LJ 1'U ( ~ n) gourd. 'U 'l ;w buam' V 1. to swell, expand. 2. to be swollen. bUab' (lilug') N loufah gourd, sponge

    V to tell, relate (by word of

    mouth).
    t

    o Fl'1L.Jelflb511

    (eJt11~)

    kham'b~;,gHtw'(jaau')

    N the spoken word, word (of mouth). 'U eJ n b~ n b:J;,gl~8g' V 1. to revoke. 2. to give notice of termination (of an agreement). 3. to cancel (a subscription, membership, reservation).
    ~Dist.

    LJ iJ 1'1'\J 'J :l-J

    p~:Jdbuaml

    N pneumonia. Short for

    Lsfl--.
    'Uel
    b;,;,l V to be near crazy.

    'Ul. 'U eJ
    v

    'Uelflbb;11'VIJJ~:-; b~;,gltE:w'majl~'~
    ~

    I told you so!

    'U 1'\J eJ

    b~ab;,;,l

    V 1. to be half crazy, unbalanced.

    , 'U eJ

    '1 b5lJ', b5lJb:Su'* V colloq. to be nuts,


    b~ubtw'*

    sV 2. awfully. o 'U 1 '1 'U eJ '1 Mabftalb;,;,b;,;,l colloq. 1. to be nuts, half crazy, unbalanced, off one's rocker (of people). 2. to be crazy, nonsensical, monkey business.
    t

    half crazy, cracked, unbalanced. 'U eJ Hb'U 1 V to be out of shape, queer-looking

    (of the face). 11'1'VI'W 1'\.J eJ -1 bb'\.J 1 thamn~a'b~lJbtw 1 wry face. V to make a

    'U eJ

    ( 'U iJ) bb;,l mine.


    "' t
    I

    (b~;,l)

    N 1. well. 2. pond. 3. pit,

    'lJ eJ (i1 b~;,dl V to be plugged, filled in (as the eye of

    -syn. 2.
    f

    51~:-;

    l.J.

    3.

    b'VI~eJ~.

    a needle, an eyelet, or other small opening). o 11'l'U eJ lil1 iJ 'Ill~ 'VI'W ~ fajlb:J:Jd'- pajkh~au'nylJ
    v

    'W'l'U eJ naamb:'l;,l N well water.


    0

    'U eJ bn 111
    I 0

    ( bb 'VI~ )
    I

    b~;,k88d'

    (helJ')

    N source, origin,

    one headlight (of a car) is out. 111 1'\J eJ (i1


    'lJ eJ'W.
    taab~;,dl

    place of origin; birthplace (e.g. of a custom). 'U eJ b ~ 'W


    I "-'

    V to be blind.

    ( 'U eJ ) b~;)lJ8n' (b~;,/)


    I

    N silver mine. N 1. well (for

    Bound stem meaning "busy, restless."

    'U eJ'W'1

    ( 'U eJ)

    b~;,naam'

    (b:,;,t)

    i.J1fl'Uel'W paagb;,;,nl V colloq. to be a blabbermouth, tale- bearer, tattler. Fl'W-blabber-

    water). 2. pool.

    ~enflif'W (~el) b~;,'namman'(b~;,')


    1 <u
    'V

    N oilwell. N hot

    mouth, blabber, tale- bearer, tattletale.


    ~el'\.J8'W myyb;,;,nl V colloq. to have mischievously

    'UeJ'W'l~

    eJ'W

    ('UeJ) b:'J;,namr5:Jn' (b:J;,I)

    springs. 'UOfl b:J;,gl V com. 1. to say (to), tell (something) (to), inform. 2. to tell, indicate. 3. to be told, spoken. -Dis t. Fl'TueJn
    I

    busy hands.
    I

    'lJ 8'W

    ( bb'VI ~ , 'lJ eJ'W)

    b~n'

    (htlJ' b:Jn')* N 1. place, den

    (often of undesirable activities, such as gambling, cockfighting, etc.). 2. gambling place.


    I
    ~

    -Syn. 1.
    '\'l(i1
    'U

    b HI'W

    eleg. 2.

    ~51

    roy.

    "to talk, say." khamb:'l;,g' (t:J:Jnl,wag') N

    '\.J8'WfllS'\'l'W'W ('U8'W) b?:mlkaanphanan' (b:Jnl) gambling house, gambling den.


    'lJ 8iJ

    (111eJ'W,1~~Fl)

    (oral) dictation (in class). 'U eJ n n 5111


    b~;,gklaaw'

    1eJ

    b;,;,nii? oo' pN Borneo. [f. Eng.]

    ~see 'lJ eJ s"i! L8 .

    v to apprise, inform, men-

    'U 8'\J bb;,bl, b:,b'

    V to be weak, worn out, run down.

    tion, notify, send a notice. 'Uelfl'U/1 b:J:Jgbod' V theatr. to prompt (an actor as to his lines). 'U eJ n ~11!
    b~;,gbun'

    'U eJ'U'\.J 1 ~ b:,:Jbbaau' V to be thin, frail. 'U 8'\Jbb'\.J'U b:Jbbtb' V 1. to be fragile. 2. to be frail (of a person), fragile-looking. "' 1J8JJ b!Jm'* V to hit, strike, deliver a blow. 'U 8 :W'U ( ~ n ) b;,ml* (Wug')
    'U

    V to solicit contributions (for

    charity).

    N 1. bomb. V 2. to

    bomb. [f. Eng.]


    'tHJ~
    I

    (khon") to

    N e leg. one's real mother (as opposed


    ~

    L'tW bombee"* pN Bombay. [f. Eng.)

    ~ LL~ L6W

    stepmother).

    'lHW
    I

    tXIV*
    ~

    V to be often, frequent.

    D-ilFl~ bankhom' V to salute (the king or royalty).


    n S1'U'U 'I Fl~'Ylfl
    'II

    'UJtJFln lXljlkhran"* many times, ofttimes. 'UJtl "]


    +

    ....

    kraab'- baukhomlthuun/ v

    y.

    bojbojl* often, frequently, unceasingly,

    to address the king or queen.

    unremittingly.
    'U J tJ ( Fl'l.J)

    bl'l1tJD'lFl~ thaw<lajlbaukhom' V roy. to salute


    N waiter, boy (servant in [f. Eng.] (the king). -syn.

    MV*

    (khon")

    1~;

    com.

    'U J ~'l.J L J, 'U J ~ L'l.Jtt'l "'

    . a public. place, such as a hotel).


    "'"
    "'.-

    D'l Fl 'l ~
    DHl'U

    baukhuan" V to be proper, suitable, customary. baukhab" V 1. to force, compel, coerce, require

    boonii?oo", booniaw" pN Borneo.

    [f. Eng.] .'U J liH~ in fl n 'U J fl fl lt1ugbon", Iaugbool/ N ball.

    (someone to do something). 2. to command (as an officer). N 3. control, rule, authority. command; complusion, compelling. '-' ........ for t:J'U 'I Fl'Un 1 ~ (see below).
    'II

    'U:::

    ..

    ['Ulflfl f. Eng.]

    n 1 S-" t:J-- short 'II

    ! M" E excl. expressing displeasure, dissatisfaction.


    J

    o '!J'l.Jb 'l.JDHl'U el'l nq ~ chon" -najbaukhabnaukrld" British subjects; people under British rule.
    'tJ eJD 'l A'U

    bamli/ N Chinese egg noodles. .... 'U 'l ban" V 1. to obstruct one's view. 2. to shield, veil, hide, cut off (from view).
    'UVJD'l bOdbau" V 1. to obstruct, eclipse, obscure.

    'U:::~~

    ( 'tJ J)

    "

    kh~o"batJkhab" (kh~o")

    N rule,

    regulation. .... .... 'tJ 1 tl'U 'l Fl'U khaajlbaukhab" N jurisdiction.


    'U 'l Fl'U n 1 ~ baukhab"kaan" V to command, be in

    2. to be shielded, obscured.
    D'l LFlfl'l.J ( ;1'l) baukhloon" (khaau")

    N 1. fender o

    command.
    f1J'l'U'lFl'Uf11~

    (of car). 2. mudguard (of car, bicycle).

    (f1l'1

    LL'Vl'l)

    bou'-baukhab'kaan"

    D'l LbVl V1
    IIJ

    baudeed" V to shield from the sun.


    ~
    .....,

    (koou'. hen") o t:J'U'lFl'Uf11S


    'II

    N mi lit. general headquarters.

    'U HJ1

    ( t:J'l.J, 'U 1'l.J, 'tJ 1 'l , Fl) bautaa" N 1. view


    'II

    " ........

    (Fl'l.J,'l.J1tl) pht1u"-baukhab 1 kaan"

    breaker, i.e. either a curtain covering the window, hung from about midpoint down (phyY"n"), or a cafe door (baan"). 2. eyeshade; blinker (for a horse) (kMau'. khtlu").

    (khonl, naaV) echelons). o t:JD 'l A'Un 1 ~ iJ'l.J


    'II

    commander (esp. in the lower

    "

    ( Fl'l.J, 'l.J 1 tJ) phtlu"baukhab"- kaanbin'

    (khon/, naajl)

    N air-commander.

    D'lf~Vl baumtyd" V to obstruct light.


    L.Ut!VJD'l bladbau" V to embezzle. iJVJD'l pldban" V to hide, cover up, conceal, keep

    D'lA'Ub; baukhab"cMjl V to enforce (a law). D 'l rl'UDbl)'!J1 baukhab'banchaal V 1. to command,

    direct. 2. to keep in order. N 3. command, control, authority; short for


    Fl 'l 1 :J-J- - idem.
    ~--

    secret.
    'U'I
    ~

    ('U'l) Mn 1 (Mu")

    N stripe(asonmilitaryuni-

    n 1 ~-- commanding, directing.


    head of an office; director.

    superior,

    form), mark.

    D-!l diVJ

    baukaad" V eleg. 1. to originate. 2. to

    D'l A'U LJ 1 baukhabl?aw' V to extort . .UmT 'l A'U blib"baukhab'

    arise, occur, happen. 3. to be born. 4. to materialize. -com p. Lfi li1 com.

    to tyrannize, oppress.

    2. to force, compel.
    LL'U'UD 'l A'U D 'l L'fim.J ( LL'U'U)

    '1'111 ~ 'l
    .... .. J'

    Lfi li1 thamMVbaukaad' e 1 e g. to cause,

    bh:b'baukhab 1 (becb')

    N rules.

    produce.
    'U 'I Ln V1 'tl'l.J baukaad'kh~n e 1 e g. to occur. D'l LfiVJt:Jfl bankaad"pMn' V eleg. to bear fruit,

    ( el'l.J) bauhian" (?an") N bridle.

    tlJD'l Li!tJ'l.J th)ly"banhian' V 1. to hold the reins.

    2. idiom. to keep under control, take over control (of).


    611tl'U'l L'Vltl'l.J

    yield results, be successful.


    ..., IV A

    4.1

    I!J'U 'I Ln 1i1 Ln fl1 phtlu'- bauk~ad"kl.1aw' N e 1 e g.


    'II

    ....

    "'

    ( L61'W) saajlbauhlan/ (s~n")

    "

    N reins.

    parents.

    D'l J 1 "l

    bau?aad" AA dare to, to have the audacity to,

    have the nerve to (commit a daring deed, exceed

    285
    propriety, etc.).
    D ~ b8bl! bau?~;ml by chance, by accident, accidenb'W~Dw'Fl lil ( Fl'W)

    nee'tlbandld' (khon') N attorney; law.

    barrister-at~

    tally, unexpectedly; it happened that.


    b e.J 8bl!
    0

    -Also

    :W~1DW'Fllil mahaa'bandld' N 1. the holder of a


    master's degree. 2. a master's degree.
    S1 'liDW'Fllil

    Db\1'111 banchaal N 1. order. V 2. to order. D ~ ALIDb\1'111 baukhab'banchaa' V 1. to command,

    ( 'W 1lJ)

    r~ad'chabandld' (naaj'} N

    member of the royal Academy.


    oV

    direct. 2. to keep in order. N 3. command, control, authority; short for Fl 'J 1 :W- idem. superior,

    Lllil bad' C c 1 f. for times, occasions.


    oV

    Lllil'W'W badnan' then.


    oV

    I;

    n 1 ~--

    commanding, directing.

    ~--

    LJIYl'W badnfil now, at present, at the present time.


    oV

    .;t

    head of an office; director.


    Db\1'111 n 1 ~ banchaakaan' V to command, be in

    o WLIIYl'W naba.d'nfi' 1. at this moment. 2. right


    away.
    Lllil n s badkrii' V to solder, weld. Dlilov'LI bads6b' V to be silly, foolish, stupid, idiotic.
    oV "'

    .;t

    command.
    oV

    e.J-- commander, commanding


    'U

    officer (esp. in the higher echelons).


    I

    o n eJ ~ Libl!'li 1 n 1 S ( n eJ (k:J:JD' hen')

    , Lb ~ ~ ) k::>:)lJ'banchaakaanl

    DIYl~ badsii' V 1. to feel ashamed, be ashamed. 2.


    to be shameful, disgraceful. Fl 'J 1 :W- shamefulness. shame,

    o Fl"1Db\!'li1n1~
    kaan'
    (kh~;:,l,

    N m i 1 it. headquarters. ..., ('lleJ,'\J~::;n1S) kham'banchaa::: prakaan') N order, command. N list;

    ~ 1Diil~ n~alba.dslil
    Dlil S ( 1LJ) bad' (bajl)

    V to be shameful, disgraceful.

    Dbl!il ( Dbl!il, eJ ~ 1 ~) banchii' (banchii', jaau')

    N 1. card (as for mailing).

    catalogue; account; bill. accounting.


    J'
    ::1

    n 1 ~--

    bookkeeping,

    2. ticket, coupon, ballot.

    n~]'Ulil s ( QDLI) kodba.d' (chaba.b') N charter (as


    of the United Nations)
    oV

    'lJ'WLib\!"iJ kh9n'banchii' V to be registered, listed,

    oV

    entered in a list.

    ni]LJliiSni]~J.JllJ

    kbdbad'kOdmaajl N colloq. law,

    ~LIDbl!il u6b'banchii' v 1. to close an account.


    2. to calculate the balance in an account.
    Dbl!il b~m11n banchii'u~nfaag' N bank account.

    ordinance.
    'W1:WDliiS

    (Lb~'W,1LI)

    naambad' (phtnl,bajl}

    1. calling card. 2. business card.


    Dlil s'\J s::; ~"1A'J ( 1 Ll) bad'pracamltua' (bajl}

    Dbl!ili~lil banchii'pMdsadu?l N eleg. inventory, q


    list of articles.

    identification card.

    ~nDbl!il hag'banchii' V to settle an account.


    Dbl!i~ ( 'lJ eJ , :W 11il ~ 1 ) banjad' (kh:J;:,I, m~adtraa')
    N

    DliiS~1'W'\JS::;Iil 'U
    Dlil S b~lJ

    (1LJ) badphaan'pratuu' (bajl}

    admission ticket.
    ( 1 Ll) badsia' {bajl}

    1. law, legal act, regulation. V 2. to prescribe.

    N a void ballot.

    iJ~Dbl!i~ nftlbanjad', nftl?- N law


    tion. 2. (as n. mod.} legislative.

    1. legisla-

    Dlii~Dun b~lJ~ bad'?~;:,gsiau' N ballot.


    '\Js::;n1AiltJDliiS (1LJ, QDLJ) prakaad'saniiljaba.d'

    LI'YlDbl!i~ ( fQDLI) ood'banjad' (chaoob') N an


    article (of a law, a parliamentary act, a constitution).

    {bajl, chabab'}
    a'

    N certificate, diploma.

    1'\JnrmlJDiil~, -lJ- (1LJ) prajsanii'jaba.d', praj:::


    sanii'bad' (bajl) N postcard.

    Dbl!i~n~~:w 1lJ banjad'kodm.[ajl V to legislate,


    make laws and ordinances.
    'V'l ~::; ~ 1 'liDbl!i~

    ~ ~ D lil ~ lou bad' V to cast a ballot.


    ~lJ

    eJ'WLilil

    oV

    j?:l;:,nba.d' V to drop a ballot (into a ballot

    ( fQDLI) phrar~ad'chabanjad' (cha:::


    ~ ~A

    box).

    oob'}

    N law, act.
    .b

    ~LIDlil s ( 1 LJ) hlibood' (bajl} N ballot box.


    LI'W ban' V to cut up; to cut, chop to pieces . LI'W 'Yl eJ'W banth;:,;:,nl V to cut down, shorten; to weaken;
    .b

    1 ~ 'V'l ~::; ~ 1'lillbl!bl! lil r~au 'phrar~ad' chabanjad'

    N 1. bill, proposed legislation. V 2. to draft

    a bill.
    D'w-Yi lil ( FJ'W) bandld 1 * (khon')

    to hamper . N learned man, wise


    LJ'W s eJ'W ba.nr;:,;:,nl V 1. to degrade, weaken. 2.
    .b

    person, pundit.

    to destroy. 3. to cut off, break off (e.g. friendship).

    286
    .!-

    'U1D'U'W baagban/ V to persevere.


    ~n'U'W
    .1-

    bugba.n/ V to brave the way, fight one's

    !ileJD'U'l (AeJn) do::Jgbua/ (d:':>::Jg/) N lotus flower. ..., lii'WD'l ( lii'W) t~nbua/ (t5n/) lotus plant. Gj 1fJD') ( Gj 1!:J 'no1) saajbua/ N 1. stem of a variety

    way (through something) courageously.


    'Ul.l Mn/ N 1. part, section. C 2. elf. for parts,
    I I

    1;

    of lotus (saaj/ for individual stems; kam/ for bunches).


    'U 1
    <9J

    sections. -co mp.


    1; ..., 1;

    'YleJ'W, Iii eJ'W, Gj 'd'W.

    'U'W'Yl1 fJ Mnthaaj/ N the last part, the last item. 'U'W'lll:l1 fJ Mnplaaj/ N an end, the last part.
    1;

    baa/ V to overflow, flow heavily. in the following entry.

    -Usually

    o 1'W'U'W'll 611 fJ najMn/plaaj/ at the end.


    1;

    1Vl61D 1
    I

    l.:ij/ba.a/ V to overflow, flow heavily.


    V

    'Ul.l'Jill:l 'l
    1;

    Mnhla:g/ C elf. for a Thai unit of dry


    1;

    'U 1 lfJ ( 'U 1, '(J 1 ~) .baa/ (hla/, kMa:g/)

    N shoulder.

    measure for grain (equivalent to 1000 liters).


    cl

    -Dist.
    I
    o:;:~

    l'Ji!~.
    I

    'U'W b J 'l

    ( 'Ul.l b J 'l ) Mn?ew/ (Mn?ew/) beJ'l.

    N waist

    bFW~'U1 bfHHlVI61

    khia:gbaa/khia:glaV idiom.,

    (ofthebody). -camp.

    e lab. co 11 o q. 1. shoulder to shoulder. 2.


    on the same level.
    bVI~ eJ'U 1 n 'l 1 bb ~ ~

    ~l.ll'l 161 bandaan/ V to cause, produce, create (esp.


    by supernatural means).

    n 1 ~-- creation.

    lyabaa/kwaaree:g/ e lab. colloq.

    A61~'WA 161 , - -1 f'l don/bandaan/, don/- bandaan/caj/

    to be more than one can do, take on, shoulder.


    'U 1 Ma/ V to be crazy, mad, insane. A 'l 1JJ--

    V 1. to cause, inspire, motivate (often implying supernatural means).

    mad-

    ness, insanity.
    'U J
    ..,
    .., :!(

    A'W--

    insane person.

    -+Dis t.

    ~'WlA (~'WlA,el'W) bandaj/ (bandaj/,?an/) N eleg.


    1. stairs, stairway, step. 2. ladder.

    -s y n.

    .1-

    'U 1 A61 'U 1 f'l

    Ma / khl~:g / V to be mad, insane.

    n ~:::; lA com.
    D'WlAs rl bandaj/r6d/ N eleg. running board (of

    Macti/ V to be extremely ticklish. to rave on and

    'U 1'Wo1611 !:J Ma/mimlaaj/ V s 1 a ng

    a car).

    on, talk on and on; to be given to raving on and on.


    'U 1 'U J Mab::J::J/ V 1. to be half crazy, unbalanced,

    ~'Wll11 b 1fl'W ( el'W, ~'W ll11) bandaj/wian/ (?an/, ban:;


    daj/) N e leg. spiral staircase.

    unhinged. sV 2. awfully .

    ..,

    n'lD'Wll11 raaw/bandaj/ N eleg. railing (of a

    staircase), banister.

    nuts, half crazy, unbalanced, off one's rocker (of people). 2. to be crazy, nonsensical, monkey business.
    V
    I

    ~'J~'Wll11 htiabandaj/ N eleg. the head of the


    stairs, the top of a staircase.

    ~'W-fin ( ~D'U) banthyg/ V 1. to record, note. N 2.


    record, brief, report, memorandum (chaoob/).
    1T'W-fin

    'U 1'U'W (1, 2) Ma'bln/; (3) Mabln/ V 1. to be mad,

    reckless, foolhardy, rash. sV 2. recklessly, rashly. N 3. a kind of sweetmeat.


    b'iJ'W;l

    di'tJ ~

    banthyg/sra:g/ to record sound, rebAS J i-- tape


    d

    cord the voice (esp. on tape).

    penMa/ V 1. colloq. to be crazy, insane.

    ..,

    recorder.
    'U :J :J b'111

    sV 2. slang very, extremely, terribly. o

    'U'W b '111 . See

    ~"8'Wb'iJ'W;1

    r:)::Jn/penMa/ V slang tobe

    ~'W b TI ~ banth88tJ/ V 1. to rejoice. 2. to feel glad,


    be joyful. 3. to have a good time.
    A'l1JJ--

    terribly hot.
    f1JJ'U

    " 1Vl~ lom/Mamuu' N 1. whirlwind. 2. epilepsy;

    entertainment, amusement, fun.


    Q...l

    short for o
    Q.l

    La A- - .
    rOog/-lom'Mamuu/ N epilepsy. sunag/bfta/ (tua')
    VIJ-Jl'Ul
    '\1

    'U'W b'fl i Al1l

    ( b :J eJ i) banth88tJ/khadii/ (J1a:g') N

    1:J A61:J.J;1'VIJJ
    i:L..r
    Q...'

    an entertaining story.

    Gj1.J'(J'U1

    ~61~~n (~61~in) banla:g/ (banla:g/) N throne.

    '

    ( lil'l)

    N eleg. rabid

    dog.

    -+Syn.

    com.

    n viJGJ ~1 n ( D'GJ ~in l r~ad/chabanla:o/


    N throne .
    ..,

    U'

    U'

    (banla:o)
    'U 1

    81tJ'U1

    ?.jb.a'l derog. epithet crazy guy!

    ! baa/ E excl. denoting contempt, dissatisfaction: "bah!"

    'U'l bua/ N 1. lotus (any one of several varieties).

    2. something resembling a lotus (e.g. in form).

    L1 1 n ooag/. See entries below.

    287
    'U 1 n'U'W
    ~

    'U 1 ~
    'U 1 ~ FI'W

    .1.-

    ooagl:Janl V to try hard, persevere.

    baaukhonl someone, some (referring to


    'U 1 ~ '111 'W

    'U 1 fl 'Vl'W 1 ooaglnAal V to swallow one's pride and

    people), some people. --s y n.


    'U 1 ~ Fl
    ~ ~
    ~

    e leg.

    turn to someone for help.


    'U 1 ~
    <9J (

    baaukhraul sometimes.

    'U 11)

    baaul (baaul)

    N 1. waterway. 2.

    L-\J'W'U 1 ~ Fl

    ~~~'U 1 ~ Fl ~ 1 'J

    penbaaukhraulbaaukhraawl

    locality along a waterway.


    'U 1 ~ fl J fl baauk:,;,gl

    e lab. co 11 o q. from time to time, now and then, occasionally, once in a while.
    'U 1 ~ Fl ~ 1 'J

    pN Bangkqk, especially as in - - 1'Vl~ baauk:,;,g::::

    - - ~ J tJ baauk:,;,gn:bj I, and

    baaukhraawl sometimes.

    ja.j', names of districts in Bangkok. NOTE. The usual name for the city of Bangkok in Thai is fl

    'U 1 ~ lll'J

    baautual some (referring to animals or

    other things taking lll'J as elf.).


    'U 1 ~ '111 'W baauth~nl e leg. 1. someone, some (refer-

    'U 1 ~ fl ::;')J baaukapl ?I pN Ba.ngkapi, name of a

    '

    L'ITW"l.

    ring to people), some people. 2. some of you. --Syn. 1.


    'U 1 ~ 'U1Hl'W

    district in Bangkok.
    'U 1 ~~8

    com.

    baaus9)rl pN name of a district in BangIV

    fl

    baauthii'

    1. sometimes, at times. 2. other

    kok.
    'U1~'W~1 in UJJ'Wo1'U1~'W~1

    times. 3. perhaps. mtemiamlbaaunaraal


    'U 1 ~ . . 'U 1 1 . . .

    --syn. 1,2.
    . __..

    sl1~rl.
    . .

    baau I,

    baau I.

    some ... ,

    pN the Bangnara River,_ inS Thailand.


    IV

    others ... (correlative usage).


    'U 1 ~ 'lJ ~

    'U 1 ~ 'lJ::; fl ~ in UJJ'WOTU 1 ~ 'lJ::; fl ~

    mtenaamlbaaupakoul

    ::; fl1

    baauprakaanl of a certain kind, cer-

    pN the Bangpakong River, in C Thailand.


    'U 1 ~ U6i'W baaustenl pN Bangsa=n, a beach resort

    tain, of some sort, some sort, some.


    'U 1 ~
    ~

    1 tJ baauraaV some case, some one (as a case),

    along the Gulf of Thailand a few miles from Paknam.


    'U1~

    some cases.
    'U 1 ~ L 'J 6i 1 baauweelaal sometimes. ' 'U 1 ~ 61 'J'W baausuanl 1. some part, some parts.

    lB

    baaul V to be thin, sheer. WW1.

    FI'J1JJ-- thin-

    ness, sheerness. -+Ant.


    'U 8'U'U 11 b:,;,bbaau 1 'U 11011 baaultaal V

    2. in part, in some parts, partially. 3. partial.


    'U 11

    V to be thin, frail.

    ~~

    baauslul something; some of the things.

    to thin out, dwindle, fade

    --s y n. 'U 1 ~ 8 tJ 11
    'U 11

    (in number).

    -Ant. 'Vl'W 1011. to diminish, subside

    ~ 1'U 118U 1 ~

    baauslulbaaujaaul e lab. colloq.

    L'U 1'U 1 HH bawbaaulloul V

    idem.
    'U 1 ~ 'Vl'W baauhr>nl
    I

    (e.g. of illness, distress, noise).


    Lb'U'U'U 11 bebbaaul V 1. to be delicate, frail.

    sometimes.

    2.

    'U 1 HL'Vl~ baauhtul (in) some places.

    to be slim, slender, thin. W 1 u 11 'U 1 ~


    cJ

    'U 11 eHJ 1 ~ baaujaaul 1. something; of some kind(s),

    ~'W) ph~akhilawbaaul (phtynl)

    of a certain kind. 2. some, certain (ones). --s y n. 'U 1 ~

    cheesecloth, gauze.
    JJ !Jl'U 1 ~ ( L 61 JJ) mtidbaaul (ll~ml)
    I

    ~~ .
    N 1. flying lemur, colugo.

    N paring knife;

    'U 11 18 fl1 F'i baau?oo.kaadl (on) some occasions. 'U 1 ~

    a small thin- bladed knife.


    L tJ 8'U 1 ~ j9abaaul N membrane, thin tissue.
    d

    ( lll'J) baaul (tual)

    2. colloq. flying squirrel.


    'U 1 ~ Maul, b~ul iP 1. some (out of a group).

    'Vl'W 1'U 1 ~ n~abaaul V to have a proper shame, not

    2. in

    be brazen, shameless.
    IJ11'W. L J'J'U1 ~ ?ewbaaul V

    __..Ant.

    'Vl'W 1 'Vl'W 1 , 'Vl'W 1

    part, somewhat, to some extent. -Dis t. 'U 11 m -Syn. J-11


    .1.<9J

    colloq. NOTE. When 'U 11

    to have a small waist, a

    occurs at the end of a question, it suggests that more than one item is expected to be mentioned

    slim waistline.
    'U 1 ~ m baaul Nm some.
    elf.
    cJ

    -Always followed by a -+Syn. 6111 colloq.

    in the answer; 5th example. o 'IJ 8'U 1 i kh::S;,Maul L kh::S;,IMui Let me have some. Give me some.
    cJ '"

    ..,

    --Dist.
    .. "'

    'U1~.

    o JJ 61 fl LV!'U'U 1 ~ 'U 11 Lb'Vl1 miil0ugheb 1 Mau 1 - baau::::


    'IJ

    ---Syn.

    .I.'lJ8JJ~

    colloq.

    htuli There is some hail in some places.

    o :il61 fl LV!'U 'U 11 'U 1 HL 'Vl1 miil0ugbeb1 Mau 1 - baauhf:u 1 i


    'IJ

    'U 'H

    288
    There is some hail in some places.
    'U1fil I.!:J in 'U 1 fil '11::: 'U1fil'VIWH. See
    '\J1'11l-l6'1'J~

    '\J 1'\..l m

    under '\J1'11

    o L~'lHH 'U 1 ~ jen"louMau" to cool down a little, somewhat. o fl ~ 1 ~ 1


    I
    ~

    <:

    5n , 1sA- -

    baad"thajag', rOogba.ad'thajag"

    N tetanus.
    I

    irq, 'lJ'lJ'\J 1 HW 1 Hl'U 1 ~ jaaun6on"Mu" -jaau:::


    q,

    'U 1 fil16'1

    ...,

    baadaan/ N region under the earth .

    nfi"Ml) 1. a bit of this and a bit of that. 2. unclearly, making little sense. 3. hedgingly, in a roundabout manner. o

    'lJ01'\J 1 fil16'1 naambaadaan' N underground water. 'U 1lil S , 'U 1lil s"'

    ( 1 'U) ba.ad' (baj.l) N alms bowl of a

    Buddhist priest used as a receptacle for food presented to him by the pious.
    I

    What're you going to buy?


    'U 1 ~ n '\J 1 ~ n . Mau"k~::: ... - Mau"k~::: ...
    "' <:

    A~'i:::~JJ:::ls;1~ '

    khuncasyY'"-?araVMu*

    A 'Jo1'\J 1lil S khw~mbaad' V 1. idiom. to turn down;

    to disapprove of, reject. 2. to excommunicate.

    some ... , and some ... (correlative usage). o 'U1~n:JJ1'\J1~nl:JJ:IJ1 Mau"k~maa"-Mau"k~m~j::: maa.t Some do come and some don't come.
    'U 1 fil baad"
    "c:
    ~c:

    1 i'U 11il s
    'U1'11

    sajbaad'

    to give food to a priest, put

    food into a priest 1 s bowl.


    ('U1'11) Mad' (baad") N lit. 1. foot, -ped

    1. to cut (as of a sharp object), wound,

    (as in biped). 2. line (of poetry). -+Syn. 1.


    'WS:::'U1TI roy., LTI1

    scar. 2. to hurt, offend. 3. to get cut, wounded.


    'Yl1( .. )'U1fil tham( ... )baad" V to wound, cut

    "' eleg., lil'lJ

    com.

    with accidentally. o rl1:iJfil'U1fillJfl thammtid"baadmyy" to cut one's hand accidentally with a knife.
    q

    'U 1 '11 ~ ~ ba.ad'withli' N e 1 e g. footpath, sidewalk. .'U 1'11l-l6'1 'H, 'W s:::-- ( eJ ~A) ba.adli:iau'. phra?'ba.ad:::

    luau' (?ou')

    N 1. Roman Catholic priest. 2. -+Also spelled

    any robed Christian clergyman.


    'U1fill-l6l'J~.
    I

    'U 1 fil L 'i 'U baadceb" V 1. to get hurt; to be injured,

    wounded. N 2. injury, wound. o lfilS'U'\J1fil L'i'U ~jrab"baadceb" to be injured, get wounded.


    "'..., <:

    ~ 1'\J 1'11

    faabaad' P roy. you (inf. sp. to low-ranking

    royalty).
    'U 1 '11 I.!:J baad' C 1. tical, baht (monetary unit of

    o TIVf 1 StJ 1 L9l L ~ tJ thah11an"baadceb.l a wounded


    soldier.
    'U 1 fil161 baad.f caV V to offend, annoy, hurt the
    I

    Thailand, equivalent to 100 satangs). 2. a unit of weight, equivalent to 15 grams (the weight of a baht coin).
    <;

    feelings of; to be offending.


    'U 1fillil1 baad"taa" V 1. to offend the eyes, be

    l:J.Jblii:IJ'U1'11

    m~jtem"baad' idiom. colloq. to

    have a screw loose, to be cracked, touched in head, not all there.


    'U 1'\J

    unpleasant to look at. 2. to hurt one's feelings upon seeing. 3. colloq. to be glaring, dazzling. o Gi 'HJ'\J 1 fillil1 silaj.lbaadtaa" co 11 o q. to be strikingly beautiful, dazzlingly beautiful.
    'U1filbbi:J6'1

    baan' C elf. for doors, window sashes, mir-

    rors, picture frames, etc.


    'U TW'l.J S::: 1'1
    'II

    ( 'U TW)

    baanpratuu 1 (baan")

    N door

    panel; door.
    'U 1'Wi'U ( eJ'W)

    {bb'IH) ba.adphlh:" (heu")

    N wound, cut.

    baanphab' (?an')

    N hinge.

    'U 1 filL Gi mJ s ::: Gi 1 TI ba.ad"- sood"prasaad, to offend

    'U 1'\..l I.!:J baan' V to bloom, blossom, open out.

    one's sense of hearing.


    'U 1 fill-l:IJ 1 ~ ba.admAau" V to be in dissension (with),

    ~'W'U 1'\..l

    ch9Ynbaan/ V to be cheerful, happy. to bloom. to be happy, cheerful, merry,

    b'\J ~ '\J 1 'W bubaan" V biln'U 1'\..l oodgbaan' v

    in dispute (with), to have a rift.


    'U 1 fill-~ baad"hilu" V 1. to offend one's ears, be
    'II

    joyful.
    l-l'W 1'\J 1'\..l n.1a'baan' V

    disagreeable to hear. 2. to hurt one's feelings upon hearing.


    :iJfil'U1fil mtidbaad' V to get cut by a knife.

    colloq. to beam (with pleas-

    ure), be delighted.
    '\J1'W m baan' colloq. much, a lot of .

    ...,

    'rnJI1 'U 1 fil j~a'baad' V to get cut by a blade of

    'U-1'\..!1'1:::

    trltH

    baan'takiau' colloq. a lot.

    grass.

    '\J 1'\..llil::: l '11 baan'tathaj.l co 11 o q. a lot, in great

    'U1'!J

    bT1

    289
    'U1'W'We:Jn Mann3;:,gl N colloq. 1. the country

    quantity.
    LJ ~ :;-; sl'!J'U 1'!J pracanbaan' V to fight at close quar-

    (as opposed to the city), countryside, rural area. 2. (as n. mod.} rural, countrified. o 'lf1'd'U1'W'We:Jn
    (A'W)

    ..,
    'U 1'!J

    ters, to fight furiously .


    ( Vl51'l) Man/ (l<l:!J')

    N 1. house, home. 2.
    I

    chaawMann3;:,g'(khon')

    village, community. 3. (as n. mod.) domestic. -+Syn. 1.

    colloq. country people.

    6~e:J'!J.

    -+Ant. 3. LJ1. e l a b.

    ;1'W~~ 'l
    house.
    'U 1'WYln

    ( 'V!51'l)

    Man'phlisin' (Lin') N a haunted

    n 51m~1 'lJ n 51'U ~ e:J 'l

    kU1bb~an' klabch!'ln'

    colloq. togohome.
    n 611 HJ 1 'lJ
    klaanb~an'

    ( 'V!51'l)

    Manphag' (lan')

    N home, residence,

    idiom. local, pertaining

    quarters, lodging; rest-house.


    'U 1'W 6~ e:J ~

    to old-fashioned village folklore.


    n 1 ~'U 1'!J ( e:JtJ 1 'l)

    Manmyan' N country, the country.


    ( Vli'l)

    kaanManl (jaan')

    N 1. house-

    'U 1'W 6 ~ e:J'W

    Man' ryan' (Ian')

    N house,

    work. 2. household affairs, domestic affairs. 3. homework (of students). [3. tr. f. Eng.]
    1n;1'W ( A'd)
    cl' ..,
    Fl'!J~'!J'U

    home .

    o 61 :;-; lb 'd n 'U 1'W b ~ e:J'W lawteg'Manryan' N residential area; settlement.


    ;1'W1;
    I

    ..,

    IcajMan' (tua')

    N domestic fowl.

    TW khon'ph)TynManl N native of a village,


    Cl

    (Vli'l)
    o.-'

    Manr~jl (l~U')
    Manw~an I

    N farm house. N vacant house.

    villager.
    I V
    qJ

    'U 1 'W 1 1 'l

    ( Vl61 ~ )

    (Ian')

    I
    qJ

    A'U1'!JA 6:We:J'l kh1luMan'kh1lumyan' elab. national;

    ;1 Vl~;1'W
    qJ

    ( A'W, 'W 1 tJ)

    ph1lujajMan' (khon', naajl)

    characteristic of the country as a whole.


    'l1'!J'U 1'!J naanMan' N housework, household
    ~1

    N elected head of a village.


    n'U 1'W ph1lagManl N the folks, the family (e.g.

    chores.
    I

    of such and such a person).


    V

    6"l1'iJe:J'l'U1'!J

    (A'!J)

    c~wkh:'l;:,nManl

    (khon')

    N 1.

    e:J'U 1'W
    d ..,

    ( A'W)

    ph!'\;:,Manl (khon')

    N head of a

    landlord, landlady. 2. houseowner. 3. host, hostess.

    family (male).
    l'We:J'W'U1'W
    d
    v

    ..,

    -+Also 6 "l1'U TW.

    (A'W)
    v

    phSanMan' (khon') N neighbor.


    ~

    'lf1'W'U 1'W chaanMan' N the premises (around a

    b'We:J'W'U1'WbnS1lFltH phSanMan'kl~jkhian' N

    house) .

    ..,

    next door neighbor, immediate neighbors. N 1. villager,


    bl:W'U 1'W

    'lf1 1'U 1'!J

    ( Fl'!J) chaawManl (khon')

    I"

    ( Fl'W)

    mteMan' (khon')

    N housewife.

    commoner; the common folk. 2. neighbor.


    '/J1'J'U1'WS1'W~S111il chaawb~an'-raan'taliiad'

    tJ 1tJ'U 1'W jaajb1'tan' V to move (one's place of resi-

    dence).
    t: .., :J 'd'U 1'W (

    e 1 a b. colloq. the whole neighborhood.


    t: .., t: ~ 'l'U 1'W t~n'Man' to settle down. -+See ~ 'l r;n. t: .., ~ ~'U l'W ifJ t~nMan' co 11 o q. much, a lot. -+See t: ~ 'l ifJ.
    ~

    s 'd)

    t:

    ruaMan' (rlia')

    N fence.

    61 :;-; 66 'd n'U 1 'W lawtegMan' N community, inhabited

    or settled area, area where people live.


    'Vl'W 1'\J 1'W n1'tab1'tan' N 1. the area in front of a house.

    1:W'U 1'W taamMan' around the house.


    qJ

    2. facade of a house. 3. in front of the house.


    Vl'W'U 1'W ( A1)
    ..,

    'tl'U 1'W thiib~an' at home, those at home; j oc.

    d"'

    nuuManl (tua')
    ( Fl'W)

    N house rat.

    one's spouse.
    'U 1'W 6 lllil

    Vl:We:JLJ S :;-; "l"1'U 1'W

    m:'J;:,IpracamManl (khonl)

    o 'U 1'W 6 lil 6 ~ e:J 'l 'W e:J'W b~ank~ad'myann;:,;:,n' N e lab. colloq. motherland, homeland.
    il~Jlil. q qJ .
    I

    ..,

    ( 66'Vl1)

    Mank~ad' (hen')

    N birthplace.

    N family doctor.
    IV

    Vl:W'U1'W qJ
    ..,

    ('Vl:W,66Vl'l) qJ

    muuMan' (muu',hn')

    --.s y n.

    village, group of houses .

    ..,

    Vl61 'l'U 1'W lanMan' behind the house, in the back

    'lJ 1'W'/Je:J 'l Manch3n'


    "" V

    N colloq. home, house.

    of the house.
    IV

    o ~n:l1:W'U1'W'ife:J'l tygraam'Manch3n' N elab. co 11 o q. buildings (of all kinds, collectively).


    ~

    e:JtJ'U1'W juuMan' to be at home. qJ 'U 1'Wiil e:J'W Mand;:,;:,nl pN Bandon, in S Thailand. 'U 1'Wiil1 :11 Mandaaraa' pN Bandara, in N Thailand.
    ; 1 'W

    'U1'W llil:W

    ( bl'Vl'l) Mandaam 1 (hen')

    N home town,

    native town.

    LJ'l

    Manpoon I

    pN Banpong, in C Thailand.

    290
    'U 1'WV!JJ Manmii' pN Banmi, name of an amphoe in
    "' J

    'U01'W 161! bamnaan' N pension, reward.

    the <::hangwat of Lopburi.


    'U 1'\.J baab' N sin; fault. 'U 1'\.Jn ~ ~JJ baabkam' N 1. sin. V 2. to be sinful. 'U 18

    l 'UtJ'U 1'W 161! bta'bamnaan' N pension.


    'Uo1iJA bamood' V to remedy, cure. 'U 1 l '1'161!
    0 "'
    0

    :1(

    bamphen' V e 1 e g. to do, perform.

    baaj' V to turn (e.g. in such and such direcJ

    'U 1 L'W61JIIl'W bamphen'ton' V to behave, conduct

    tion).
    'U 18 l 'U 8 ~ baajblau' V 1. to evade, avoid.

    oneself. 2. to
    'Uo1 ~ ~
    9

    bamruu' V to cherish, take care of, care for, support, promote, improve.

    equivocate, act evasively.


    I

    n 1 ~--

    improve-

    'U 1 8'\ii'W 1

    baajln~a'

    V to head for, head toward,


    I

    ment (as of a condition), promotion (as of a cause).


    Fl1'U'l:J ~ kh~a'bamruu' N subscription, member9

    face toward.
    'U 18 1-'l baaj' N 1. afternoon. V 2. to be afternoon.
    I

    ship fee, dues.


    'YJ::;'W'IJ01:l ~, '111'W'U'1:J ~
    9

    &:

    C:

    Lti1 6118 'U18

    L8'W nlA

    cMaw' saajl baajl

    tham1?1bamruu'. thamm1?bam:::::

    jen'
    I

    k5d~ajl

    any time during the day; "early


    v

    ruu' V 1. to nourish. 2. ho rt. to tend (plants) with care. 3. to improve.


    'Wo1'U'l:J H.l:l-1 naam'-bamruu'ph6m' N hair tonic,
    9

    morning, late morning, afternoon, evening.


    fil fl 'U 1 8 tog baaV
    I

    1. to be afternoon. 2. in the

    afternoon, when the afternoon sets in.


    fil il'W'U 18 t~::mbaaj' the afternoon, in the afternoon.
    I
    0

    lotion.
    'U 1 ~ ~ b6l tJ ~
    9

    :1(

    bamruu'lfau' V to feed, nourish,

    'U 18 FHl il 8 baajkhl5~V

    1. the late afternoon. 2.

    foster, take good care of.


    'U'1 l :l il bamr<lel' V 1. to entertain, amuse.

    to be late afternoon.

    2. to

    D181JJ~

    baajmoou' 1 P.M., one o'clock in the

    tend, serve.
    'W1~'\Jo1L:lil

    LFl

    il

    ~--

    entertainment. N 1. "lady

    afternoon.

    (Fl'W)

    naaubamrelel/ (khon 1 )

    ~1861il~hH baaj's:S~umoou'
    in the afternoon.
    d
    I

    2 P.M., two o'clock

    of pleasure," e.g. as employed in a night club or dance hall. 2. mistress, unlawful wife.
    'U'l l WW 'i bamned' N 1. reward, bonus, premium,

    l :l-1 il'U 18 m9aooaj' in the afternoon, this afternoon.


    I

    l 'Hl TU 18 weelaaooaj' N 1. the afternoon. 2. in the afternoon.


    'U 16'1 baan' V to tend, look after.

    compensation. V 2. to give a reward.

    D bl?'

    V to break off (a small piece) with one's

    fingers, pinch off.


    'iJA bld' V 1. to twist, wring.

    fl[j:l-I'Wl~8~'U16l kod'-monthian'baan' N laws


    pertaining to royalty.
    1Fl'U16l khoobaan' N eleg. 1. cowherd.

    2. colloq. totem-

    porize, to resort to various expedients (e.g. 2. cowmaking excuses, invent:ing diversions) in order to evade obeying a command, to worm out of

    boy.

    6f'Will'U 16'1

    san'tibaan' N 1. maintenance of peace.

    (a commitment). N 3. short for below). DAIII::;flA bld'takuud' idem DA


    'U

    1~A--

    (see

    2. city police.

    "" baalii' N Pali (the language of the Buddhist 'U lSI


    texts).
    Jll'ef1'U 1 ~ phaasaa'baalii' N the Pali language.
    I

    mng.2.

    DA l 1J il'W
    N 1. servant; attendant.

    bld'byan' V 1. to twist, distort, misrepre-

    sent. 2. to worm out of (a commitment).

    'U 11
    I I

    ( Fl'W) ooaw' (khon')


    I

    'iJA~'W bld'pMn 1 V to evade.

    P 2. (servant or vendor sp.) I, me.


    Fl'U 116111
    'U
    V
    I

    'iJ A'W f 1
    N bride

    bld'phriw' V 1. to evade. 2. to refuse

    ( Fl) khOu'ooawsaaw' (khOu')


    'U

    (to do something), disobey. refusal.

    n 1 :l-- evasion;

    and groom.
    b 'i

    1'\J 11

    ( Fl'W)

    c~wbaaw'

    (khon')

    N groom. N e 1 a b.

    1:l FJ'iJA
    'Ill

    r1'logbld' N dysentery. (S!fl


    'U '

    ~ 11lw ~
    'U 1 ~ n in

    ( Fl'W) baawphr.1jl (khon')

    S!fl'iJA'lJ:J::;fil
    'U

    el'W) lOugbld'pratuu' (lOugl,?an')

    co 11 o q. servant.
    6l n 'U 1 ~ n
    'U

    N doorknob; door handle (i.e. one which can be turned).

    ( 6l n ) 10ugbi3.ad' (lOug') N cube.


    'U

    291
    6~'W 1~il fl l@n'maajbld' V idiom. to balk, to

    '\JFIFI61
    9

    reckless, foolhardy, rash. sV 2. madly, recklessly, rashly. N 3. a kind of sweetmeat.

    worm out of (a commitment).


    ilfl1 (A'W) bldaa' (khon')
    ~el

    N lit. father.

    -Syn.

    D.
    ~

    bii' the English letter "B." [f. Eng.] 2. to be

    com.,

    ~b\l~el

    eleg. bldaa'maandaa' (khon') N

    'U btil V 1. to crush, press, compress.

    ilf11:J.JUf11

    (1'1'\..l)

    crushed.
    D'U blibl V to squeeze, press.

    1 it. parents.

    -Syn.

    ~el66:J.J

    com.,

    ~b\l~el~b\!66:J.J

    e-~il fl1 phQu'bldaa' N 1 it. the father: "the one


    'II

    ..,

    eleg .

    "" 'U'UFI eJ blibkhJJ/ V to strangle.


    'U'UFI'W blibkhan' V 1. to compress, crush, squeeze
    "" :!,;

    who is the father."


    il'W bin/

    out. 2. idiom. to oppress.


    d

    to fly.

    n 1 :1 - - ' 6 1'1

    s eJ ~ - -

    ''W n - -

    (see

    D'U 66171 :i D'U'W 'J fil

    blibtr.se' V to blow or honk a horn. blibnQad' V to massage by kneading (the

    below).
    n 1 ~il'W kaanbin'

    N 1. flying. 2. aviation.

    flesh).

    o 611t.Jn 1 sil'W s<lajlkaanbin' 1. an air route. 2. an air line (system or company).


    'tJ 1bl!il'W khw~nbin' V idiom. to be startled, ter-

    D'U'!J~ A'\J blib'baukhabl V 1. to tyrannize, oppress.


    2. to force, compel.
    1Jn1J'W bygbyn' V 1. to be tough, strong (implying

    rified, frightened, scared.


    6 A s eJ ~ 'U'W
    d
    ~
    0

    -s y n.

    See 171 n 1 'l .


    d

    bodily strength). 2. to be insistent, unyielding.

    ( 61 1 , 6 A s D ~ ) kht1aubin' (lam',

    {j ~ ( {j ~ ) byu 1 (byu 1 ) N a large swamp.


    '\J ~
    ~

    kht1au') o
    d
    ~

    N aircraft.
    ~
    I

    bY"u' V co 11 o q. to go very fast, to speed (as in driving an automobile).

    6ASeJ~'U'W'tJ'U161

    ( 6Fl~eJ~) kht1aubin 1 khabl~V 'U


    ~
    (9)

    (kht1au') o
    d
    ~ ~

    N pursuit plane, fighter plane.

    b~D'

    V to be sullen, serious, strained, unsmil-

    6 A~ D ~'U'W'Yl ~

    s::; 6'\Jfl ( 611) kht1aubin'thiura:::;


    N bomber. N flying saucer. N aviator, pilot.
    ~

    Q,

    ing (of the face).

    road' (lam')
    'l1'Wil'W '!TniJ'W
    ~ ~

    "' '\J -1171 ~


    ~

    b~utYD'

    V 1. to be sullen, sulky, cross.

    ( 61"1)

    caanbin' (lam')

    ..,

    2. to be stern .
    ~

    (Fl'W) nagbin' (khon')

    'VI'W 1'\J ~

    nlab~u'

    V to scowl, be stern faced, have

    'U'W'tJ'W binkh~n' V to take off (of aircraft). tl'W 1 LJti'W:J.J 1 binpajlbinmaa' to fly back and forth, '\J
    ~

    a sulky face.
    l.!:J

    in n'W'\J ~

    ..,

    k~nb~D'

    N the bottom way down,

    hither and thither.


    il'W61 ~ binlou' V to land (of aircraft). tl'W 'J D'W binw~n' V to swarm about (in the air)
    I

    way down at the bottom.

    ij'W. See {jncU-w.


    ~

    bu?/ V to line (i.e. to put in a lining).


    (9)

    (e.g. of airplanes, of insects).


    L'Ut.Jti'W boojbin' V to fly (of winged creatures).

    ~n

    bug' V 1. to invade. 2. to attack, drive forward. 3. to be on the offensive (as in war, sports) .

    ..,

    9j eJ :J.Jti'W

    ( 61'1) p~mbin' (lam')

    N superfortress,

    flying fortress (aircraft).


    ~H il'W fuuubin' (fuuu')
    'II

    n 1 s '\J n 6'V 1 t.J fil kaanbug'kMwjydl N invasion. t '\J n 6'tJ 11 tJ buglkh~wpaj I V to invade.
    9

    .., "'

    ,!,

    N m i 1 it. a group of
    /)

    '\Jn'U'W bugoon' V to brave the way, fight one's


    9

    airplanes.
    6 s D'U'W
    AI A

    way (through something courageously).


    d

    ( 611, 6 As eJ ~ ) ryabin' (lam 1 , kht1au


    I

    '\J n 6t1 n
    9

    bugooagl

    to clear (land) (as for cultivation).

    airplane.
    ~

    ~n~n
    I

    bugrug' V 1. to invade. 2. to trespass. faajbug' N the offense, the side on the of-

    61'W1:J.J'\J'W

    (61'W1:J.J,6lvH)

    sanaambin' (sanaam',h:u 1 )

    fl1t.J'\Jn
    9

    N airport, airfield, airstrip.


    '\J'W bln' V to get nicked, notched (of a blade); to
    d

    fensive (in sports, war).


    'U n
    l.!:J

    in
    9

    ~ '\J n diibug' N tin. 9


    ree'diibugl N tin ore.

    get chipped (at the edge).


    0

    66 :i ~'Un
    ~n.~Fl
    ~1'11'161

    '11"1( . . . )ti'W tham'( ... )bln' to nick, chip (the

    bug' V colloq. to book, reserve. [f.Eng.)


    (Fl'W)

    edge or blade of something) .


    .., 0

    bugkhon'(khon')

    N person,individual.

    'U 1tl'W (1, 2) Ma'bln'; (3) Mabln' V 1. to be mad,

    '\J A1'161 1 fil bugkhon' dajl whoever, any individual. c,

    'UFlFlSI 9
    ~ Fl Fl Sl '\"1 Sl lil bl'h!
    ~

    292
    d

    bugkhon'phladthln' refugee, dis-

    'UI7di'
    9

    (Fl'hl)
    'II

    budtrii/(khon')

    N lit. daughter. --Syn.

    placed person.
    I

    See S1 n ~ 1 1 c o m.
    ~'U

    'l 'h!'U Fl A Sl suanlbugkhonl private, personal, indi9

    bub' V 1. to be indented, deformed, out of shape. 2. to crush lightly, pound lightly (in a pestle).
    'U'U~SI1tJ
    9

    vidual (as opposed to public, collective}.


    I
    ~

    --s y n.

    ~1WWJ.
    9

    --Ant.

    ~'l'h!~l:W.
    9

    bub'salaajl V to be damaged.

    'U A A~ n in the following entries.

    'U1Jt:JV1~ bublphach~ad' N lit. flowers.


    'U'\"1
    9

    \!AFl~nJl1'V'I bug'khalfg'kapMab' N e 1 eg. indi-

    bub'pha:::: "first, former" as in the following entry.


    ~'V'I'Ull

    viduality, personality.

    bublphabod' N gram. preposition.

    \!AA~nin~rn~ bug'khalfg'Lig'sana?t N eleg.


    psych. personality.
    'U ~
    9

    \!:W

    bum' V 1. to be depressed (have a depression), be dented. 2. to be concave.


    ~ eltJ~:W

    ~'l , O'h!) bt1u' N 1. hairy caterpillar (tua').


    ~

    D:Jjbuml N impression, indentation (in

    2. rasp (?ani). -Also 1. ll1 1~ ~ .


    ~

    ..,

    --Dist. 1.
    ~ tJ

    something soft, e.g. the flesh, clay, etc.). bt1jl V 1. to protrude the Lips (as when signalling with them). 2. colloq. to signal with the lips.

    WHLn 1, 'VI'hleJ'h!. r:Jn'U ~


    9

    ( lll'W) phagbt1u' (tl'ln')

    N convolvulus, an

    aquatic morning glory used as a green vegetable (Convol vulaceae).


    'Un! bun' N merit (in the Buddhist sense), virtue.
    9

    -camp.
    ; tJ
    9

    1~.

    1~

    bt1jMjl V to signal by means of the lips and

    gestures. as in 'U ~'V'ITIFl


    9

    1 ~ 'UnJ
    9

    cajbun' V 1. to be generous, charitable,

    buraphathfdl N lit.,eleg. east.

    2. to be pious.

    --Syn.
    I

    TIFlll1~1'hleJeln com.

    -see

    ll11:W~n!ll11:Wn~~:w taambunltaamkam' letting nature ~s (l6'VI~) buriil (heu') N eleg. city, town.
    take its course, leaving it to fate.
    l1'1'Un! thambunl V to perform meritorious deeds,
    9

    -Chiefly used as final member of compound names of towns.


    sl'h! TI'U
    9

    such as the giving of alms: "to make merit."


    '!Jn'Un!
    9

    canlthaburiil pN Chanthaburi, a township

    ( A'h!) migbun' (khon')

    N saint.

    in C Thailand, SE of Bangkok.
    VSI'U
    9

    'U 8 n~n! b~;:,gbun' V to solicit contributions (for

    chon'burii' pN Chonburi (Jolburi), a town-

    charity or meritorious deeds).


    \!b1! 6 ~ ~ :W buntham'.

    ship on the E coast of the Gulf of Thailand.

    See entry below.


    <}.)

    'Uri':WtJ
    9

    ...

    buriilram' pN Buriram, a township in

    'Ulll~'UnJo~J:I-J
    'l
    '~

    (A'h!) bud'buntham' (khon') N

    NE Thailand.
    Si'V'I'U
    9

    e 1 e g. adopted child. com. o


    ~11\!n!on:W
    9

    --s y n.

    See Sl n 6 ~ tJ ~ .
    'II

    16b'buriil pN Lopburi, a township in C

    Thailand, N of Bangkok.
    (Fl'h!)

    lt1uglbuntham' (khon') idem.

    'U ~ ~
    9 9

    ( A'h!)

    burud'*(khon')

    N e 1 e g. 1. man, male --+Syn. 1. V1tJ

    6~'h!'UnJ penbun' V to be fortunate. 'UlllS


    9

    (ofpeople). 2. gram. person. com.


    b'li~_j'U~~
    9 9

    ( A'hl) bud' (khon'}

    N eleg. child (one's direct


    Sin com.
    'II

    descendant).
    'U ll1 ~ 'li 1 tJ
    9

    -Syn.

    (A'hl)

    cMed'thaburudl (khon')

    N eleg.

    ( A'h!) budchaajl (khon 1


    'II

    N e 1 e g. son.

    a great statesman.
    'U n 'V'I~; ~ ( Fl'W)

    --Syn. SJn'/J1tJ
    'U l 1 ~
    9

    com. N e 1 e g.

    ban'phaburud' (khon')

    N e 1 e g.

    6lil 1

    ( A'h!) bUd'thfdaa' (khon')

    ancestors, forebears, forefathers.


    'US ~TI'VI'h! 1 burudlthiinyu'
    9 9 "'

    sons and daughters.


    'Ull1~~11
    9

    N gram. first person.

    (Fl'h!) budsaaw' (khon')

    N eleg.

    'Us~l1J~~illu ( A'h!) burud'prajsanii-' (khon-') N 9 9


    mailman, postman.

    daughter.
    'Ulll~'VIiU1
    9

    --s y n.
    Sln~11
    'II

    See

    Sl n~ 1 1 com.
    'II

    (A'h!) budjiD'(khon')

    N eleg. daughter.

    i'~ 'US~ ( Fl'h!) ... 9 9

    rad-'thaburudl (khon-')

    N statesman.

    -Syn. See

    com. N 1 it. son.

    1S A'U ~~
    9 9

    rl'log-'burud-' N venereal disease (con--Cf.

    \! l 1 ~ 1
    'II

    ( A'h!)

    budtra:a' (khon')

    --s y n.

    tracted by a woman).

    LSI'l;'VIiU~. 'II

    Sl n'If 1 tJ c o m.

    1~'U ~~
    9 9

    ( Fl'h!)

    wii-'niburud-' (khon-') N hero (espe-

    'U HI
    9 9

    293 cially war hero). N lit. ancestor.


    ~

    51Ji1'W'U~"d9 9 ~

    (fi'W)

    suph~ablburud'

    (khon')

    N eleg.

    'US'W1
    cu

    buuraphaa' N eleg.,lit. east. ---Syn. [ii:;;'J'W


    1 1 n

    gentleman.
    'U 9

    com.

    --The literary and the common terms

    1nH

    .1.-

    buroo'th~tJ' V colloq. to be old and worn

    for the eight chief points of the compass are listed under

    out.
    d ~VI~

    TI~ .
    (fll.J)

    ( :J.J'J[.,J)

    burli/ (muan')

    N cigar; cigarette.

    eJ1'JlJ~'W'l
    '\1

    chaaw'buuraphaa'(khon')

    :\' d 'IJ~VI~ d fleJ~VI~

    khtiburli/ N cigarette ashes.


    (fll.,l)

    e leg., lit. Easterner, Oriental.

    kh:J:J'burli/ (khon')

    N idiom.
    '\1

    'U~'W1TI~ buuraphaa'thid' N eleg.,lit. east. '\1

    a heavy smoker.
    ~ lil~VI~
    d

    u1 srH.
    b'U

    .!.-

    See

    u1 sm.
    9

    J.-

    cud'burli' V to light a cigarette.


    ~

    bee' V 1. to be twisted, puckered up, distorted {of facial expression). 2. slang to be broke (have no money). -..comp. 1. b'U:;;.

    d 'li1'i'UVI~
    9

    (ll.,l,'li81)

    s:J:JJJ'burli/ N cigarette

    case (?an'); flip-top box for cigarettes, cigarette package (of paper) (s:J:JJJ').
    'l1 b 'IJlJ~VI~
    d d d d
    ~

    1li''WrJ bu
    9J

    sab'b~e'
    :\'

    slang to be broke. to have a

    ( 'l1, Dl.,l) thtikhla'burli/ (thti', ?an')

    Vi'W 1 b'U'U lil b'U tJ 1

    n~a'b~e'- buud'btaw'

    N ash tray.
    l.,ln b Sl ~~VI~
    ~

    puckered up face, a long face, a wry face (as nagleetJ'burii/ (khon') N a from eating sour things, from having to do something one does not like, from being about to cry). N cigarette box.
    bu ~

    ( fi'W)

    heavy smoker.
    VI'U'UVIS
    9

    "'

    ( l1J)

    hlib'burli' (bajl)

    be:o'* V 1. to swell out, expand, enlarge. 2. to be swollen, enlarged. 3. s 1 a ng to speed. 4. slang to boast, act big. n1s-slang

    'U bQu/ V to be dented, distorted.


    '\1 "'"'

    'UD baubti' V to be dented, out of shape.


    "' '\1 '\1

    'U bUu 1
    '\1

    V co 11 o q. to fight. [f. Chin.]

    boasting, showing off one's superiority, acting big.


    b'U1'U1'W be:obaan' V to bloom.
    b~

    'U 6J1 buuchaa' V 1. to sacrifice, to offer (something

    as a sacrifice) with veneration (as to a deity). 2. to adore (religiously), to worship.


    I I

    bb'l1'W'U'li1
    '\1 '\1

    (bbrll.,l) thtn'buuchaa'(thtn')

    N altar. 2.

    ~ lu be:o'paj::: V b~ 1 b 8u l be:osla:o'
    b'U 1 in

    s 1 a ng to go very fast. V 1. to shout, talk loud. 2.

    'U lil buud' V 1. to be rancid, spoiled (of food).

    to increase the volume of the voice (as in singing).


    'U l b'U l b6:rJbelJ'* V s 1 a ng

    to be sullen; (one's face) to reflect displeasure or ill-humor.


    :\' ~lilb'UtJ'J, b1Jl!'J~Iil
    ~

    to make a loud

    noise; to be loud, noisy. buudbtaw',btawbUud' V 1.


    b'U61JSJ-

    ben'ca:::* eleg. combining form meaning --Also tJ61!SJ-. -Syn. VII com.

    to be sullen. 2. to be twisted, distorted.


    Vll.,l 1 ~ lil n~abuud' V to have a sullen face, a long

    "five".
    b'Uiil
    (

    ~1,

    5'W, Fl'W)

    bed' N 1. fishhook (tua', ''an'). (khan'). N a fishing rod.

    face.

    2. short for Fl'W boUiil


    fl[.,J boU lil ( A'W)

    khanbed' (khan')

    puckered up face, a long face, a wry face (as from eating sour things, from having to do something one does not like, from being about to cry).
    bVlij 'W 'U lil menbuud' V to smell very bad (of
    '\1

    "' lil tog bed' V to fish with hook and bait. lil n b'U
    b.U lil lJ in
    boU lil b 51

    Ali!

    boUiil b 51

    sSJ

    SJ bedsed' total, altogether.

    khfd'bedsed' to total, total up.


    1. odds and ends. 2. small and

    "' b lil Sl "' r1 bl.llil

    redtaled 1

    varied, miscellaneous.
    n 1 ~ bb511ill boU r1 b iii~ r1 kaansadee:u'becttaled' N skit,

    spoiled food).
    'U~~:;;
    '\1

    buurami?' V eleg. 1. to reconstruct, rehabilitate. 2. to repair, restore, improve. 3. to maintain, support.

    short revue.
    '1J 8 l b r1 b lil ~ r1 kh:'btJ'bedtaled 1

    N miscellaneous

    n 1 ~-- reconstruction,

    little things, trinkets, varieties (such as are sold in a variety store).

    rehabilitation; repair(s ), restoration.


    'U ~ 'W as in
    '\1

    'U ~ 'W '(][.,!


    '\1

    ( fl 'W ) buu' raphachon' (khon')

    nw b.U fl b lil ~ lil

    ( 8 u 11) :uaan'becttaled' (jaa:u')

    b1J'W

    294
    odd jobs.
    b1J 1

    l'\)n
    '1 bawbaw' sV softly, lightly, gently, quietly.
    baw'myy' V 1. to be gentle (with), touch

    b1J'W been' V 1. to turn, turn away, swerve.

    2. to

    b1J 1 ~ 8

    change direction, deviate, deflect.

    lightly. 2. (one's work) to be light, to have little to do.


    b1J 1 S r1 bawr6d' V to slow down a car, stop a car.
    b1J 1 bb ~ ~

    b1J'W~1 beenhi:ial V 1. to tum one's head to one


    side. 2. (a vehicle} to change direction; to head (a vehicle or mount) in a different direction.
    J ' I b1J!CH b1J'W b1aubeen
    !'}
    fit :;:,

    bawn::eu' V to be labor- saving, easy to

    V tech. to deviate.

    operate.
    b1J 161 ~

    b1J'W"U'W, b1J'W'tJ'W, 'W 1:W'W- - bensinl,

    Q/

    * nammanlbensinl

    baw'lou V 1. to become lighter. 2. to

    N 1. benzine. 2. colloq. gasoline. [f.Eur.]


    b1J 8 M:::~' V 1. to be severe (of a cut, an open

    slow down.
    b1J 1b Vl'd ~ baw'weeu' V co 11 o q. to be light as a

    wound}. sV 2. seriously, severely, badly (cut, etc.).


    b1J 8 ~ oo:::~l
    I

    feather.

    b1J1LVI'd~ baw'woou' V colloq. idem.


    N number. [f. Eng.]
    lb1J ~ b1J 1 btJ'baw' V to lessen, ease, lighten (as

    'WHJ b1J 8 ~-- ( 11J) lottery ticket.


    .-

    hil.ajb:::~:::~l

    (bajl)

    N co 11 o q.
    I

    a burden or task).
    ~

    d ~syn. 61e.Jlilblil8~

    com.,

    ~611fl

    t:J8'WVI'Wfl t:J 8'W b1J 1

    ph~nnag'ph~nbaw'

    V idiom.

    n'Wbb1J~ eleg.

    to ease tension by compromise or mutual concession.


    fJ 8 ~ b1J 1 j~ubaw'

    b'\J8~~'W b:::~:::~lin' pN Berlin. [f.Eng.]


    b'\J 8 b ~ 8
    b~:::~r~:::~'

    V colloq. to be enormously big,

    V to steal, pilfer by sneaking

    huge.
    b1J::; I:J? I

    (into someone' s house). V 1. to be screwed up (as the face or


    v

    VI b1J 1 huubaw' V to be credulous.


    '\)
    I

    mouth of one who is about to cry), wry, twisted. sV 2. colloq. plenty, much. -+Comp. 1. b1J. 2. to be low

    8 fJ 1 ~ b1J 1'11~ lil jaalJbaw'thtisud' 9

    most lightly, in

    the lightest manner; most gently, softly.


    b1J 1

    b'\J 1 bawl V 1. to be light (in weight).

    ( b; 1 , l1J)

    Mw' (Mwl, bajl)

    N 1. crucible.

    (not loud}. 3. co 11 o q. to slow down, stop (as a bus). 4. euphem. to urinate. N 5. euphem. urine. sV 6. softly, lightly, quite lightly. -+Ant. 1. VI'Wfl.
    v

    2. socket. 9 :W b1J 1 com'Mw' slang to be glued to one's place, remain in one's place for an inordinately long period.
    b1J 1lil1
    b1J 1::; (

    -+Syn. 4, 5. bf:J81
    v

    com.

    '1J 1 'd b1J 1 kh~awbaw' N a rapidly maturing variety

    ( b1J 1) b~wtaa' (b~w')

    N eye socket. N 1. cushion. 2.

    of rice. -+Ant.
    ~

    'IJ1'd'VI'Wfl.

    lu, el'W)

    b~?/ (bajl, ?an')

    Fl 1 1 :WVI'W fl b1J 1 khwaam'nagbaw' N degree of severity.

    small, soft, lightly stuffed mattress used for infants.


    b1J 1::;

    1 SJ

    b'\J 1 cajbaw' V to be easily influenced, easily

    '1

    b~?b~?/

    sV lightly, slightly.
    (bbW'W,eJ'W) b:J?-pratMb'traa'

    swayed, credulous, gullible.


    b~'W b1J 1 d:::~:::~n'baw'

    b1J1::;LJ~::;TI'\Jliln
    (ph:nl, ?an')
    b1J 1::; HJ

    V to walk softly, lightly,

    N stamp pad.
    (

    quietly.
    1J ~ ~ b111 b1J 1'\J 1 ~ banthaw'bawbaau' V to subside,

    b ;1

    ~'d, l1J) b~?I-D"JlJ'tMawl

    (tua',

    bajl)

    N footstool, hassock, cushion for the feet. N inkling, clue, hint, trace.

    become less serious (of illness, distress, etc.).


    d b1J 1 bA~ 8 1

    b1J 1::; bb~ b~?see'


    0
    '\)

    bawkh:r1au' V to slow down the engme.

    ~ b1j 1::; bb~ ruu'b~?

    see'

    to have a vague knowledge

    b1J 1l "l bawcajl V 1. to be light- hearted, to take

    about, to have an inkling about.


    b

    things easy. 2. to be relieved. o

    'iJn

    oo:::~g'

    1. to widen, expand (an opening of any

    ~1

    b'l.J1l'l

    n~a'bawcajl

    V to be conducive of

    kind). 2. to open widely (e.g. the eyes). 3. to withdraw (money), draw (salary). 4. to order, requisition (as from a storeroom).

    relief (as from worry).


    b'\J 1'\J 1 ~ 61 ~ bawbaau'lou' V to diminish, subside

    (e.g. of illness, distress, noise).

    l m 'iJn

    tMjlb8:::~g' V to plow up.

    dJn 'Un b'\Jn bug/oo<:Jg/ V to clear (land) (as for culti-

    295

    b'U eJ bt1'W b tJ ~ 1 ~ pen/bfal.1au' idiom. to be inferior,

    '

    .ff

    vation).

    lower, underneath. 2. to be at a disadvantage.

    biJ nf'ld 1 :w ooagkhwaam/

    to testify.
    '

    3. to be outdone.
    bb:W b'Uti
    21

    biJn b ~'W oo<:Jgn<:Jn/ V 1. to withdraw money (from

    mtebfa/ N hood (of a cobra). pen/meebfa/ V colloq. tobe

    the bank). 2. to draw (one's salary). o

    bt1'Wbb~b.ffti

    1'U b'\Jn

    b ~'W

    ( 1'U) baj/oo<:Jgn<:Jn/ (baj/) N bank.

    overbearing, bossy.

    withdrawal slip.
    biJn M'd oo<:Jg/tua/ V to lead in, to announce (the

    l~ b.ffti

    lijbta' V colloq. 1. to question exhaus-

    tively and provocatively. 2. to scold, bawl out {usually unjustly). 3. to bawl {everyone) out right on down the line.
    d b'Uti~

    presence of).
    biJn 1'11 oo<:Jg/taa/ V to open the eyes wide (as

    when frightened}.
    bDn'111 ~ oo<:Jg/thaau/ V to make way, clear the

    blau' V 1. to sidestep, evade. 2. to swerve. l1l 'd blautua' V to dodge, swerve.


    ' ' d
    ~

    d b'Uti~

    way (for traffic); to open a route (to traffic).


    biJn'U 1'W oo<:Jgbaan/ V to be happy, cheerful,

    b'Uti 1 'U 1 ti , 'U 1 ti b'Uti~


    J

    blaubB.aj/, ba.ajblau/ V 1.

    to evade, avoid. 2. to equivocate, act evasively.


    b'Uti~ l 'U'W blaubeen/ V tech. to deviate.

    merry, joyful. o
    ~" J b'Un'U 1'W penthfi/oo<:Jgbaan/ enjoyably, b'U'Wll
    A

    b'iJ t.J A blad/ V 1. to press (together). 2. to press

    joyfully.
    b'\Jn L:i ~ oo<:Jg/roou/ V 1. to perform an introduc-

    or crowd into. 3. to squeeze in. 4. slang to get married.


    b'iJ tJ Afl'W blad/kan' V to huddle close together,

    tory play. N 2. an introductory play (before the main performance), curtain raiser.
    biJn 61JJti oo<:Jg/samajl V to pioneer, introduce an

    to crowd together.

    b'iJt.JAD~ bladbau' V toembezzle.


    b'iJtJA b'iJt.J'W, b'iJtJA b'llt.J'Vl bladbian' V 1. to oppress,

    age, open an era.


    b'U ~ oou/, OO<:ltJ/ V 1. to open the eyes wide, to
    d

    persecute. 2. to sponge off (of somebody), be an expense {to somebody).


    b'lltiA b~tiA

    stare. 2. (a buffalo} to look up or turn the head with a stare.

    bladslad' V to be dense, congested,

    crowded. wide; to stare. o


    b'1Jt.JV1 dlt.JV1 b";1l'\.l biadslad'kMwpajl to crowd

    "' biJ:w b~m/* V co 11 o q. to be big, important.


    'W b'U:W
    J

    (one's way) into, edge (one's way) through. o


    b'1JtiA b~tiA b~t.JV1tJA biadslad'jtadjad/ V to be

    J-'

    ( Fl'W) phtiMm/ (khon/)

    N co 11 o q. 1. a

    big shot. 2. a gang leader.


    btlti

    crowded, congested; to be densely profuse.


    b'llti'W bian/ V to oppress, persecute.

    ( 5'W) bfa/ (?an/)


    21

    N 1. cowrie shell. 2. money.

    ~Also

    b'llu'Vl

    A eJ n b'Uti d:,'Jgbfa/ N interest {on money loaned

    FS.
    b'iJt.JAb'iJt.J'W, b'iJt.JAb'iJt.J'Vl bladbian' V 1. to oppress,

    or deposited).

    "' "' "' b'llti'WeJEJ'VIelti'Welti btan5'Jj/h:Sjn5'Jj/ elab. colloq.


    poor, having little money.
    v

    persecute. 2. to sponge off (of somebody), be an expense (to somebody}.


    b'\Jti :i bia' N beer. [f. Eng.)

    b'\Jti'Uo1'W 161! bfa/bamnaan/


    b'U tiLl~:::: n'WJH:J
    :Jt
    Q....l

    N pension.

    "'

    <V

    bfa/ -prakan/phajl N insurance

    l 'Uti 'd bfaw' V to be out of shape, distorted, irregular (uneven), misshapen.


    'U A l iJ ti 1 ,
    'II

    21

    fee, premium.
    b'Uti b~ ti
    21
    ~

    21

    21

    btaliau/ N special allowance {as for

    "'

    "' dl t.J 1 'U A


    'II

    buudbtaw', btawbuud' V 1. to

    travel, special expenses, etc.).


    b'Uti'VI'dA btawad/ N annual salary.
    bt1'W b t.J'U'W pen/bfabon/

    be sullen. 2. to be twisted, distorted.

    .ff

    idiom. 1. to be supe-

    ' l 'd U eJ bya/ V to be tired of (something), bored (with).

    rior, on top. 2. to have the advantage, have the upper hand. 3. to outdo.

    W l b'U 8 niabya/ to be tiresome, boring, tedious.


    Fl 'J l :W- -

    tiresomeness, tediousness.

    ,J

    b'lJ il
    ,J

    296

    bb 'U'U

    (9)

    b'lJ il'WW 1 fJ byanaaj' V to be tired of (something),

    Lb~ 1 b'ii'W be:g/pen~


    U'U1Jl1~::;

    1. to divide into (e.g. parts).

    bored (with).
    ,J

    A 'd 1 :W- - boredom.


    n~a /b)ranaa

    2. to be divided into. b:g/phaara?/ V to distribute the burden

    o 'W 1 b'lJ il Vfl.l1 fJ

    to be tiresome, tire-

    irksome, tedious, wearisome. A 'd 1 :W- someness, irksomeness.


    <;

    or responsibility.

    LL~1;'ULb~1;
    'U

    b:grab/b:gsQu/ V colloq. to make

    bVf:W'W b'lJ il menb)ra/

    11

    q. to be fed up,

    a noncommittal statement.

    ..,
    b\l il

    bored, disgusted (with) .


    ( ~') ) b1a/ (tua/)

    bb~ 1 Gt'W'l1'W ~ ') 'W


    tion.

    be:g/ san/ -pan/ suan/ e 1 a b. c

    0110

    q.

    N wild animal (general

    1. to share, divide proportionately. 2. to appor-

    term).
    b'ii'W b~il penb1a/ V co 11 o q. to be mute, silent,

    Lb~ ~ il iln
    A

    b'ii'W

    b:g/?b::Jgpen~

    V to be divided

    dumb, speechless.
    J' b'Uil
    ~

    up into (e.g. parts).


    61611 nn'W bb'U 1 salaag/kinbe:g/ N e leg. lottery ticket.
    I I I

    b1a:g/ C elf. for side, part.

    J' b'lJ il ~ 'lJ 'd 1 b1a:gkhw.[a/ at the right. J' .., b'lJ il Hl'W b1a:gtlln/ e 1e g. 1. the beginning part,

    Gi'd'Wbb'U1

    (Gi'd'W)

    suanb:g/ (suan/)

    N dividend,

    share, portion, quota.

    elementary part. 2. at the beginning. 3. (as n. mod.) introductory, preliminary.


    J' b'UiJHJ611f.l. J' b'lJ il1 'U'W b1aubon/ upper part, top; above. J' b'lJ il nJ611 f.l b1a:gplaaV e 1 e g. 1. the final part,

    bb'U1n"',bL'U1A"',bb~1FI"' (U~1,l'U)
    bb'Uiilblilil~
    d
    V

    be:g/, be:g/* N 1. bank

    -+Ant.

    {hf::g/). 2. bank note (baj'). [f. Eng.]


    I

    (Vf:J.Jil,'Ylil'W)
    (m~::J/,

    bdtaarti/, btdtaarti/*N
    th~::Jn/,

    battery

    large type;

    flashlight type).

    ..,

    ..,

    -c 0 m p. ~ 1 'W lw Q 1 tJ
    Lb'U'W been/ V to be flat (as of a pancake, lid, roof).
    +

    endpart. 2. attheend.
    J-'

    -+Ant.

    6\liJHl'W.

    J' b'lJ il1 bb ~ n b9a:urteg/ at first.


    b'lJ 116111 b9a:gl~a:g/ below, beneath. J' b'lJ il1 'd 1 b1a:g/w~a~ 1 it. as for, as to. b'lJ il1 Vf'W 1 b9a:un~a/ ahead, in front; in the future.
    J-'

    LL'U'Wiil::; LVf61'WLLLJ'W

    been/ta!Enptn/

    rM to be very

    flat.
    bL'U'U
    (9) (

    bb'U'U)

    beeb/ {beb/)

    N 1. model, type, style. -Syn .

    ..,

    2. pattern, form. C 3. elf. for same.


    1,3.
    d
    't1~1
    (9)

    b\l il1 vrl'11 b9a:gla:g/ behind, in the rear; in the past.

    eleg.

    L\l il'W byan/ V to turn away.

    Ji o FI'WLb'U'U'W khon/bf:ebnii/ a person of this type. b A~ il1 Lb'U'U li11:J.JLL'U'U ( '11171)


    9

    'Dlil

    L\l il'W bld/byan/ V 1. to twist, distort, mis-

    khcya:gbhb/ {chUd/)

    N uniform.

    represent. 2. to worm out of (a commitment).


    Lb'U bee/ V to stretch out, spread out, open.

    taambeb/ V to imitate (in style), follow

    the style or pattern of.


    blil !i1 bb'U'U
    th~::Jdbeeb/

    Ll'U~il beemyy/ V 1. to open up the palm of the

    1. to reproduce, copy,

    hand. 2. co 11 o q. to extend the palm, stretch out the hand, i.e. to beg.
    U'Un bhg/ V 1. to carry on the shoulder, support

    duplicate. 2. to resemble in every minute detail. 3. to pattern after.


    b11f.IU'U'U 'W 11 bb'U'U

    thaajbhb/ V to copy, make a copy of.


    ( A'W)

    with the shoulder; to shoulder.


    I

    naa:gbeeb/ {khon/)

    N a model {i.e.

    OJ

    A 1 'l11 LL'Un

    kh~ac~a:g/bhg/

    N carrying cost,

    a woman model for an artist or photographer).


    U'U'U 11 f.l

    porte rage.
    u'UnJl1~::;

    "1

    beb/:g~aj:g~aj'

    a simple pattern, com-

    bhg/phaara?/ V to shoulder respon-

    mon style, ordinary style.


    Lb'U'Ufil:U'U

    sibility, carry the burden.


    bb'Un'Vf1:W bhgMam/ V to bear, carry (on the

    (el'W,ilt./1~)

    beeb/chaoob/ (?an/,jaa:g/)

    N pattern, example, model, style (esp. what is traditionally accepted as worthy of imitation).
    d

    shoulder).
    LL'U ~ be:g/* V 1. to divide, to share. 2. to be divided.

    bb'U'U't1il1 L'Ylf.l'd

    bf;eb/tM:gthtaw/ N {in) the style of

    bb'U 1 b'lJ 1 be:gbaw/ V to lessen, ease, lighten (as

    a tourist.
    bb'U'UD'Hl'U

    a burden, task).

    bhb/ba:gkhab/ N rules. bhb/bajsamag/ N application form,

    bb~ 1'11'W

    bf::g/pan/ to share.

    Lb'U'Ul'UGi~A~

    66'\J'U

    (9)

    297
    1 'Un 6-1

    1-u
    bOogthou' V to wave a flag (as in signaling).

    application blank.
    U'U'Ue.JJ.J U'U'Ul6e.J'W ( Ll'U'U) beebpMm' (bhb')
    I

    N hair style. N 1. cus-

    1'Un~eJ bOogmyy' V to wave the hand (as in saying


    goodbye). "'1'U n:w "" eJ 1'U nl :w

    ( eHJ 1 -1 )

    beebphten' (jaa:u')

    tom, tradition, established pattern or system, conventional rules. 2. standard reference.

    bOogmaajl boogmyy' V e 1 a b.

    co 11 o q. to wave the hand.


    1'\.JITE.i boonad', boonas'

    Ll'U'U~nVi'A

    (;eJ,'U'Il)

    beeb 1 YgMd 1

    (kh~::> 1,bbd 1 )

    N bonus. [f. Eng.] 2. to fly

    N exercise, drill (in a textbook).

    1'\.JeJ boojl V 1. to whip, beat hard, flog.

    l6'U'U'Wm~ ( ll'U'U, el'W, 1'U) bebphim' (bhb', ?ani,


    ba.jl)
    &'

    (of winged creatures).


    1'UeJti'W boojbin' V to fly (of winged creatures).

    N 1. a blank form, printed form with

    blank spaces to be filled in. 2. a mold.


    b6'U'U'\'1'W ~

    1'U s 1 rn

    booraan', booraan'na::: V 1. to be ancient,

    bhb'ph)'ynph)'yn' simple or everyday

    old, antique. 2. to be primitive (i.e. belonging to a former time).

    style.
    LL'U'U'WeJSJ.J

    (l'U,ll~"W)
    I

    bebb::>m' (bajl,phtn') N

    Ao11 'US 1b'U. kham'booraan/ N old saying, adage. 'US :W 1 'US 1b'U. b::>rom'booraanl co 11 o q. extremely

    a form (to be filled in, as an application form).


    6b'U'U LSel'W ( 661J.J)

    bebrian' (l~m')

    N textbook.

    ancient, very old.


    1 '\.J s 1rnn 161

    66'\J'U E.i 1 n 61 bb:b'saakon' modern, occidental style. 66'\J'U eJeJ 11 ( U'U'U, eJ'W) beebjaa:u' (bhb 1, ?an')

    booraan'nakaan' 1 it. ancient times,

    former times, antiquity.


    1 'US 1b'U.Fl ~ booraan'nakhadiil N 1. account of antiq~

    a set example, pattern.


    6'iJ'W6b'U'U penbteb' in the style of, on the patternof.
    I

    uities. 2. short for the following entry. 'Wn-archeologist.


    1 'US 1b'U.A ~ 1'11eJ 1 booraan'nakhadiilwfdthajaal N

    LlJ.Jbb'U'U mtebeeb' N model, pattern. 6~ eJ 'W Ll'U'U lianbeeb' V to imitate. eJelnb6'U'U


    q

    ?~::>gbteb'

    V todesign.

    archeology.

    6b'U'U tB,

    bb'U'U bf;ebl, bbl V 1. to be in a state of

    1'U nrn cJlil bl


    9

    booraan'wadthu?' N relics, ancient

    severe prostration (as from illness, serious injury).


    'W el'W Ll'U'U n::>::>n'bbl V to lie helpless, spent (from

    objects, ruins; archeological finds.


    1 'U ; 11 'U ~1m
    0

    boor~mlbooraanl

    co 11 o q. ancient,

    historical.
    E.i

    overexhaustion, serious injury, illness).


    'Uel'U6b'U'U b~bbeb' V 1. to be fragile.

    JJeJ 1 'U ~ 1 bU.


    "'d "'

    sam~.jlbooraan' N 1. ancient times.

    2. to be

    2. in ancient times.

    frail (of a person), fragile-looking.


    lb'U'U'U 11 bebbaa:u' V 1. to be delicate, frail.

    61wH1
    2.

    6rl11 'U S1b'U. ( rl 'd ) sad' slithaaw'- booraan'

    (tua') eleg., lit. a primitive quadruped.


    1'\.JE.i; ( 1'\JE.i ;, Vl61'-1)

    to be slim, slender, thin.


    66 'U 1 . See 'U eJ -1 66 'U 1 .

    hood' (bood',

    lan')

    N 1. temple.

    2. a chapel in a temple compound. 3. church.


    l'U bajl N 1. leaf.

    66'\.J:::: b?1 V 1. to split open, lay open (e.g. fruit).

    2. blade (as of fan). 3. sail.

    2. to be spread apart, laid open.


    A eJ Ll'\.J:::: kh::>::>b?1 having lapels (e.g. a coat) (usu-

    C 4. elf. for leaves, fruit, eggs, various kinds of containers (e.g. baskets, boxes, cups, bags, basins, etc.); also for slips or sheets of paper

    ally as n. mod.).
    Vl'W 1 6b '\.J::::
    n~ab? I

    N broad face with wide cheeks. N bow. [f. Eng.]

    (e.g. notes, certificates, tickets). chiefly in compounds.


    'IJ

    -+Mngs. 1-3

    hJ ( el'W)

    boo' (?an')

    -+Syn. 4. (when referring

    1'U66iil-1 boodee:u' N blue ribbon (literally a "red

    to fruit) 61 n com., e.J 61 e 1 e g. ; (when referring to eggs) An com.,


    'IJ

    ribbon" or "bow" which in Thailand symbolizes an award for the best).

    'Well eleg.

    1'U n

    NOTE (1)

    1-u

    in mng. 1 is a class term. not

    boog' V 1. to wave, fan.

    2. to apply (mortar)

    a general term. The general term for '"leaf'' is

    with a waving motion; to cover superficially (with mortar).

    lul~.

    Specific kinds of leaves are named

    by using the class term followed by specific

    298
    terms, e.g.

    IJ.I.J.

    "bamboo leaf,"

    'hn1 n "nipa palm leaf." 1'U'l'W "betel leaf, leaf

    '1.'\J 1~

    N certificate, document required to establish one's eiigibility for something; identification papers. o

    betel vine." ( 2) All nouns based on

    '

    of the take

    1'U

    1'U

    as their classifier unless otherwise marked; ( 1'\J) is omitted in the derivatives

    hence below.
    'l ~ d b'U'CJ'U'CJ

    1'VGio1AbJ!~1~;1'J bajlsamkhan'-taand~aw 1
    1. passport. 2. alien identification card.

    bajlkhabkhli/ N operator's license,

    1'U Gi rlii
    9

    bajsudthf?l N certificate showing level

    driver's license.

    of attainment in school.

    1mJ1

    bajchaa' N tea leaves.


    ( !M0''U) bajtruad' ( chaba.b')

    1'U l !;1 ~&I


    N certificate

    bajsed' N receipt (showing payment has

    1 'U liiS1 &~

    (certifying inspection).

    been made) . ..., 1 'UV!bj) 1 bajj.1a' N blade of grass.


    ~l 'UV!'W 1 bajn~al N face, countenance.
    1 'U l VliCJ'U~o1 bajljlabj.1m'

    1'U Iii eH bajtoon' N banana leaf, plantain leaf. 1 'U l 'Dn l1'W bajloo8gn;ml N bank. withdrawal
    slip.
    1 'U'l.Jg1 bajpliw' N hand bill, leaflet. 1mJ1n l1'W bajlfaagn8n' N bank. deposit slip.

    N land certificate

    (issued on the condition of use and improvement, e.g. as to a homesteader).


    1'V1l'Wbj)1lil
    ..., 9

    bajl?am.1j.1ad' N permit, license. pMabajl (phyyrn')


    'IJ

    1'U'I~-Iii

    ( 1'u, el'W) bajphad' (bajl, ?an')

    N 1. pro-

    f.J 11 'U

    ( ~'W)

    N canvas, sailcloth.

    peller. 2. fan (for a car radiator), fan blades. ..., 1'UJ.J:::Yll11 bajlmaphniaw' N leaflet of the coconut palm.
    1 'VilliiLf1'W bajlmtidkoon'

    s 1l ~ l ;1 ;11'u (A, ;1 i)
    (khOu',
    kh~an')

    roontMaw'ph.1abajl

    N canvas shoes, tennis shoes,

    sneakers. N razor blade.


    bS1l1'U (!ilo1)

    ryabajl (lam')

    N sailboat.

    1'U 1~
    o

    bajmaajl N leaf, leaves (general term for

    ll~'W l ! eJ 'l 'U

    ltnryabajl V to sail.

    leaves of a tree or plant).

    Gllii1'U ladlbajl V lit.,eleg. toputforthleaves.

    b]lii1'V1~wg
    'IJ

    (b]lil)
    'IJ

    ryduu'bajmaajphll?l (ryduu')

    lb~'W1 'U

    ltn'bajl V to sail.

    N spring (season). o

    1;

    b]lii1'V1~;~~
    'IJ

    ba.jl V to gesture, signal silently. -co mp. ..., ...


    'U f) 1'U
    9

    (b]lil) ryduu'bajmaajrilan' (ryduu')


    'IJ

    N fall, autumn.

    A'W1; (A'W)

    khonMjl(khon')

    N muteperson.

    1'U fJ 1

    bajjaa' N tobacco leaf. 2.

    hf1;
    'U 1l n

    chajMjl V to communicate by signs, ges-

    1'Ur'U'CJH bajlrabkh:Son' N 1. bill of lading.

    tures; to signal.

    receipt (acknowledging receipt of merchandise).


    1 'U ;'U l1'W bajlnibn8n'

    1;

    b~ogMjl

    V to tell by making signs (when

    N receipt.
    9

    speech is to be avoided); to give a high sign to.

    1 'U ;'U HH bajlrabro:Jn' N certificate (in regard

    tJCJ 1tJ

    bOjMjl V to signal by means of the lips

    to qualifications, health, etc.).

    and gestures.
    b1'l'W1; penMjl V to be dumb, mute.

    1'U l ! 1l bajrya' N sail (of a boat). 1'U~ :::i'W bajlaphan' N 1000-tical bill. ..., 1 'U~ n 1l CJ bajladojl N 100-tical bill. 1'U~ 1 bajlaa' N application or request for a
    leave of absence.

    1'u ~ ~ "(J 1l ~ bajl sonkM::ln I N invoice. 1'IJ{;j~fll bajsamag' N application, written


    request. o bb'U'U1 'U !;1 ~fll b8Eb'bajsamag' N application blank, application form.
    1'Vi;1iCJ1 bajlsanjaa 1 1 'UA"1Abl! ( 1 'U, !M0''U)
    J-

    1.J po::l' MIDDLE consonant. Pronounced p initially,

    b finally. The sound p as an initial consonant is always spelled with 1.J

    'lJ.@.

    Abbrev. for

    ~'W 1 Vlb'J

    artillery, and for 'YIV!1 S

    ~'W 1Vl~

    the artillery; artilleryman.

    N medicalprescription.

    tJ . I.J Sometimes used as an abbrev. for 11J s 'to}rut:J"'


    mail, post. -See also

    bajls~mkhan' (bajl, chabab 1 )

    u . 61J,.

    LJn

    299

    LJn pog' N 1. cover. 2. book-cover. V 3. to cover. LJ n fl HH . See next main entry. '\Jnf161:J.J pogkhlum' V 1. to cover. 2. to be cov9
    erect. into effect, put into use, put into practice.

    LJi]1J~n 1 ~ patibad1 kaan' V to conduct matters,


    do things; to perform, operate, execute, carry out.
    V
    A

    LJnD li1 pogpld' V to cover; to conceal, keep secret.


    Jl1 'WLJ n

    n 1 ~-- operation, action.


    ~A

    ( Jl1 'W ) pMabpog' (pMab') N e l e g.


    n 1 ~-- ,

    'Vlfi~'\J[!'U171fl1:l

    ('Vlfl~)

    Mu'-patibad'kaan'

    (h~u')

    cover design, cover photo.

    N laboratory.
    .r

    '\Jn fl ~ fl

    pogkhD;JtJ' V to rule, govern.


    4J

    LJi]lTn "er patipag 1 N lit. adversary, opponent, enemy. LJi] Jll fl patipMag' N mat h. proportion.
    LJi]~LJ patirilub' V eleg. to reform.
    'II

    fl11:J.J--, n 1 :J'\Jn fl ~ fl
    ~

    f.J-'II

    (see below).

    kaanpogkhD;)tJ' N governing; gov-

    ernment (as in "form of government"), rule, administration.


    4J
    I

    '\Ji)L Sl :J.J patiloom' sV lit. in the reverse direction;


    in reverse order. -+Ant.

    -+Dis t.
    ~

    i}u 1 Sl.
    ( Fl 'W , 'W 1 tJ ) kh.1a r.1ad:::
    N

    8'WL!i'I:J.J. 9

    '1.1 1 :1 1 '11 n 1 ~ ( [;J 1 tJ ) LJ n fl ~ fl

    t.Ji]1~ patiwad' N e leg. 1. revolution, overthrow


    of a government. V 2. to revolt, stage a revolution. ary .
    .r
    ~

    chakaan'(faaj)pogkhD;JtJ' (khon'. naajl)

    government official (esp. an administrative or law enforcement official).

    n 1 a--

    revolution.

    'Wfl--

    a revolution-

    fl11:J.J'tiflA~8~ khwaam'pogkhr;J;)U' N rule, protection, supervision, custody.


    4J

    ui)Gi1'1.1SblJ, patisilukh~'bn' V lit.,eleg. 1. to repair,


    rehabilitate. N 2. repair, rehabilitation; also
    n1~--.

    r.J'\Jnfl~8~
    'II

    (fl'W) philu'pogkhD;)tJ' (khon') N 1.

    ruler. 2. guardian. 3. parents.


    'tin~ pogkatl ?I, pakatl ?I V 1. to be normal, routine,

    LJi]Gi'Wbll~ patlsi1nthi1anl V lit.,eleg. 1. togreet.


    2. to chat with. N 3. greeting (to an inferior).

    usual. 2. to be regular, steady (of the wind). The second pronunciation is literary. -+Also

    '\Ji] lsili patiseed' V eleg. 1. to deny, refuse (e.g.


    a request). sV 2. negative; in the negative.

    LJ~n~. -Ant.

    fli.Jn~.

    fl1~-- refusal, refusing.

    1711:J.J'tln ~ taam'pogkatl ?I normally, ordinarily,


    as usual, usually. l tJ'WLJn ~ pen'pogkatl ?I 1. to be normal. 2. as usual.
    ~lilt.Jn~ phld'pogkatl?' V to be unusual, abnor-

    171 eJ'U'\Ji] l s1 6 t:.,;Jb'patiseed' to refuse, answer in


    the negative.

    "J~ :J.J pathom', pathom'ma::: first; primary, elementary.


    -See also
    '\J~:J.J'VWl'U1!i'l

    'tl a:::: bi:J.J .


    patMm'phajaabaanl N 1. first aid.

    mal, irregular.
    tJ1:J.J'\Jn~ jaam'pogkatl?/ normal times; peacetime.

    V 2. to administer first aid.

    '\J~:w1u path6m'rnawajl N lit. youth, the early


    period of life.

    'tJi) ~ tJ 1 pat!.? 'kl rijaa' N reaction. __.Also 'tii) n ~ tJ 1


    patl ?lkarijaal.

    tJ~ :J.JAfl"el-1 path6rn'sygsi1a' N primary education.

    'tJflDFl 'W patijaan' V to promise (by an oath), to vow.

    ..,

    "' b'ti'W'ti~:J.J pen'path6m'


    originally, first.

    1. in the first place. 2 .

    Fl'l--

    ('l.leJ,'\J~::::n1n

    promise, vow.

    -Also

    'tiflbl!bl! 1blJ, patin'jaan', 'tiDb\!b\! 1

    patin'jaa'.

    'll. blJ,. Abbrev. for l'li a"eJ-JitJ,. mail, post; post office. 'llrnfil'W panfthaan' N lit.,eleg. resolution, formulation of intent, determination. Ulil pOd' V e leg. to lie, tell a lie. -+Syn. See

    '\Ji]nu ( 9J1Y'U) patithin' (chaoob') N calendar.


    1Ji]1J~ patibad' V 1. to do, act, perform, practise.
    2. to apply, put into practice, carry out. 3. to attend, tend, serve.

    n 1 :J-- conduct, behavior,

    1n'Vln com.
    :!i ~ui.Jiil:J.Jii1

    performance, operation (of), treatment (of).

    l'tl'i khtip0d'-rn6d'thed' V elab. eleg.

    "'

    fl'W-- tender, attendant.

    to tell a lie, prevaricate.

    ;eJLJi]1J~

    kh:'l::>'patibad' N 1. procedure, practice.

    '\.1.171. eJ. p;J;Jt;J;J?;);JI.

    Abbrev. for

    cfhJ~eJieJlfl l~tJ l'W.

    2. obligation (e.g. toward a friend).

    anti- aircraft gun.

    300

    'tJ'Yl1'Wfl

    '

    :n-1 ( bSIJ.J)

    pathaa'm1krom'

    (l~m')

    N dic-

    flo1&lnJ S :W lbiJ, kamlau'paramaanuu' N atomic power.


    9J

    tionary. pN Pathumthani, a town-

    'Vliil~ 11'WU s:l-J'lbiJ, phalauuaan 1 paramaanuu' N atomic 9J


    energy.
    ~::;

    'll!l:W 5 1tJ pathumlthaanii 1

    '
    9

    ship in C Thailand.

    b'lhlu s :w 161J,
    9J

    ( Sl n)
    9J

    raooad'paramaanuu' (lQug')

    'UTIJ.Ji'W pathum'wan' pN Pathumwan, an amphoe

    N atom bomb, atomic bomb.


    LJSd'W in
    bbU~LISd'W

    in Bangkok.

    pn:epruan' V to change, vary,

    u'W pon' V 1. to mix. 2. to be mixed, blended.


    1J'tJ'Wrl'W cMjlpon'kan (several people) to use

    fluctuate, be uncertain. -+Also

    1J S 'd'Wbb'\.1 S .

    L1 HH !il eH pD::Jl)d::J::JU' V 1. to reconcile. 2. to compromise. 3. to reach an agreement, be in agreement. 4. to get along well (with somebody).

    (something) together, share (something, e.g. bathroom).


    ~'W'll'Wil ~ 11J dinponsaajl N loam, sandy soil.
    'tJ'W b'tJ ponpee' V 1. to mix together.

    LJ S vll par:,::Jd' N 1. mercury. 2. thermometer. 3.


    temperature.
    \.1 S v IJ pn::Jj 1 V to be sparse, light.

    2. to mix,

    be mixed in a disorderly or confused way. 9J:::'tJ'W pa?pon' V 1. to mix, mingle, combine,

    LJ s::; pra?l V 1. to add, affix. 2. to touch lightly,


    daub. 3. to sprinkle, scatter here and there.
    '\.1 ~::; 'tJ n

    intermingle, mix up. 2. to be intermingled, mixed. 3. to be shared (in use by several people).
    U'W pcm' V to grind, pulverize. J'W'iJ ponptil co 11 o q. to be utterly ruined.
    ~u:w

    [)

    pra ?praajl

    1. to be sprinkling (as of

    rain). sV 2. sparsely, lightly, sporadically, here and there, in scattered fashion. o


    ~'WinflUS:::U~lU

    '

    fontog'pra?praajl It is drizzling,

    porn' N 1. knot. 2. a complex.


    q_,
    I

    raining lightly. N Ll S ::; '!'< S :W pra ?phrom 1 V to sprinkle.


    bUSvnls:::
    pr~?pra?l

    q_,

    'tJJ.J!ileJIJ
    I

    (eJU1~,'Uv)

    pomd~jl(jaau'.kh::I::J')

    psych. inferiority complex.


    iJ:w b lii'W
    I

    V to be spotted, stained,

    vIJ 1 ~ , 'u 8)

    '-'

    pomden 1 (jaau', kh:l::J')

    dirty.
    b 511..li.J S;:: s@npra?l
    \.1

    psych. superiority complex.

    N broken line, dotted line.

    ti:WLJ:W pum'pom' N knots, kinks. 9


    o
    biJ'WJJ.J'tJJ.J penpum'pom' to be knotted, kinked.
    9

    s;:: n'lJ ( rl''W)

    prakob'(kan')

    1. to be placed (to-

    gether) face to face.

    2. to be joined (together),

    bU'WUJ.J penpom' to be knotted, knotty.

    spliced (together) (as of the ends of two pieces of timber overlapped and joined surface to surface).
    J;;::: fl'Hl prakuadl V 1. to contest.

    1J ~ fl prog' V to cover, hang down over, fall (e.g.


    of hair).
    1J~fl~ progkatl?l. See 'Ufl~. uS'W in r;J' 8'WiJ ~'W ph:,::Jnpron' V to reduce, ease.

    2. to compete.

    fl 1 S - - contest.

    lessen (e.g. terms, restrictions, requirements).


    'U S'W
    lJ,

    iJ s::; fl 'd !ilU s::; 'iJ'W prakuad'prakh.ln' V e 1 a b. co 11 o q.


    to compete; to hold a competition.

    'tJ ~'WIJS 8 pron', pronpryy 1

    V 1. to bring up,

    rear. 2. to serve, tend. 3. to feed, nourish. 4. to lavish (e.g. gifts on one's beloved).

    iJ :i::; fl 'd li1 :i l A I prakuad'raakhaa' to offer competing


    bids- (i.e. low bids, as for a government contract). ll :i::; n 8'\J prak:'l::Jbl

    1J ~'W'IJD~ pronnibad' V to take care of, tend, serve. " b ~Ttl ~'W'WD~ f~w'pronniood' V to be at hand, to
    serve, wait on regularly.
    u~'\J

    1. to do, perform.

    2. to add,

    put together, join together, assemble, compose. 3. to consist (of), be composed (of). 4. to be

    probl

    lit.,eleg. 1. to flap.

    2. to clap.

    a component, ingredient, constituent (of). 5. to


    be an accessory, an accompanying feature; to be in addition to.

    IJS'U~v probmyy' V lit.,eleg. toapplaud.


    '\JStJfl'tf

    (~1tJ,A'W)

    p::J::Jrapag' (faaj',khon')

    6. to illustrate. 7. to support
    d
    ~

    eleg. enemy.
    9J 9J

    ~Syn. ;1~n,Ams 9J

    com. N 1. atom.

    (as evidence; as a character, etc.). b Fl accessories, aids. -+S y n. 3.


    rl'l US::: fl 8'\J tuaprak:,::Jb'

    u ~-2.

    \.1 HJ 161J, ( 1J s J.J 161J,) paramaanuul, p::J::Jra'-

    fl fJ US .

    2. (as n. mod.) atom, atomic.

    N 1. mat h. factor.

    301 the at r. supporting character.


    v '

    daaw'prakaajphryg' N 1. the morning star an illustrative (duau'). 2. slang a young beauty; a young -Sometimes also, -Also lil1 '} H . 9 N spark.

    Iii')

    eJ tJ l

    nJ ~ ;-; n eJ'U

    tuajaau'prak~::lb'

    example.
    LJ ~ ;-; n eJ'U Flbli,Fl '} 1 :J_J~ prak~::lb'khunkhwaamdii' 1 it., c,

    star, starlet (khon', duau'). incorrectly written -Opp. 1. lil1'dlJ~;-;"Jo1L~eJ~.


    tJ s ;-; n 'l tJ 'rl prakaajfaj I

    eleg. to do good.
    q,

    lJS;-;fleJ'UiWltJ prak~::lb'dllaj::: to consist of, be

    composed of
    LJ ~ ;-; n WU eJ 1 V'W prak:,::lbl?aach tib' e 1 e g. to earn

    tiS;-;fl1~ prakaan' C 1. eleg.,lit. kind, sort, thing,

    item, respect, means. 2. point, item. 3. count (as in an indictment).


    5iD1'W eleg.,
    I'I'Jt.itl~;-;n1~Q;-;tJ
    J(

    1a w

    a living. J11 'WLJ ~ ;-; n eJ 'U pha.ab'prak:,::lb' N e 1 e g. illustration (e.g. for a text). -Syn. stJLJS;-;fl8'\J

    -s y n.
    v

    1. tl ~ ;-; LJl'll,

    tioWiil com. 2, 3. 'IJeJ com.


    d\lajprakaan'chanfi' lit. inthis

    1~(;1:wLJ~;-;fleJ'U
    ~tJLJ~;-;fl8'\J

    'IJ

    com.

    m1js()m'prak:,::lb' V tobeimper-

    manner; for this reason.


    '11fltiS;-;fl1S 9

    feet, defective, deformed. abnormal.


    'IJ

    thug'prakaan' every, everything; in

    ( ~LJ)
    'IJ

    r\lub'prak~::lb' (r\lub')

    every respect.
    'lJ 11 Ll S ;-; n 1 S baauprakaan' of a certain kind, cer-

    com. illustration (i.e. for a text).


    I

    {;1

    'J 'WLJ ~ ;-; n eJ'tJ suanprak~::lb' N component, cons tit-

    tain, of some sort, some sort, some.

    uent.
    611 :JLJ ~ ;-;fl eJ'U s<lan'prak:,::lb' N compound.
    1 ~ FllJ ~ ;-; n 8'\J ?ou'prak~::lb'

    Ll S ;-; n 1 S 1171 prakaan'dajl 1. what, whatever; whatsoever; how, however. 2. what? whatever? how? however?
    0

    N component, constit-

    uent.
    i.J:J;-;rltJ prakan' V 1. to guarantee, insure.

    VI~ ell! "l ;-; 'l'hl.i s:::: n 'l s 11ii l~ncatham'- prakaan'dajl I
    Whatever will she do?

    2. to o

    bail (out). N 3. bail, security, guaranty. n 1 ~--

    1~ilmlFl'J1:w"l~~Lb~Lis;-;n1s11ii
    'IJ

    m.1jmiimuun'-

    guarantee; assurance.

    khwaamciu'-th:prakaan'dajl! There is no truth V 1. to guarantee, stand whatsoever (in it).


    d

    ~Ttl~;-; rllJ

    kham 1 prakan'
    v

    surety (for someone for payment of a debt). N 2. guarantee.


    lJ 'I
    ~--

    'lJ s ;-; n 1 s 11i1LJ s ;-; n 1 s Vl'W 1 prakaan'dajl -prakaan'nyu'


    any one (of these things), one thing or the other.
    tl ~ ;-; n 1 Hi61 8 ~
    d

    guarantor. (khon') N insurer,

    tJtl S ;-; rl'W ( Fl'W)

    naajprakan 1

    prakaan'thtis3::l:rJ' secondly, in the

    guarantor, bondsman.

    second place.
    i.J S ;-; n 1 S Lb S n prakaanreeg' the first (reason) being;

    tJ~;-;rlW'd::liii prakan'chiiwfdl V 1. to insure one's


    life. N 2. life insurance.
    oJ:; :orlWltJ prakan'phajl V 1. to insure (against

    for one thing; in the first place. LlJ'WlJ S ;-; n 1 ~ 5i 1Flb\! penprakaan'samkhan' as the
    "" 0

    loss or damage). N 2. insurance. surance.


    0

    fl1 S--

    in"'

    (most) important thing.


    ilfll.i~;-;n1~Vl'W1 ?Hgprakaan'nyu furthermore, also.
    d

    n ~ :w 6 s s :W'lJ s ;-; n lJJltJ


    I

    krommathan'- prakan'phajl

    tl s t n 1 ~

    ( QD'\J) prakaad' V 1. to announce, proclaim,


    .., v
    I

    N 1 it. insurance policy.

    declare. N 2. announcement, proclamation, declaration (chaba.b'). announcement.


    11ti ~ ;-; n 1 ~ tiS;-; fl 'l ~ 1
    d d

    ~(i) cJ'W tJ S ;-; rl'W 'W S 1 phadl wan!- prakanl phr\lu I V 9


    e 1 a b. colloq. to procrastinate, put off.
    r'lJLJ ~ ;-; rl'W rab'prakan'

    Flo'l--

    ( '1J 8, Q'lJ'lJ, iJ fJ 11)

    to guarantee, insure,

    ( '11) thtiprakaad' (thti')

    N signboard,

    assure.

    billboard.

    VlintJ~;-;rltJ lag'prakan' N security, surety, collateral, guaranty.


    tis;-; n 1 tJ ( lJ s ;-; n 1 tJ)

    J prakaadlcMjl

    V to proclaim, declare

    (to be law), to promulgate (a decree, a law). N spark;


    ' tl S ;-; n 1 ~ '} 1 prakaad'w.1a' to announce that.

    prakaajl (prakaajl)

    sparkle, radiant flashing.

    tl:; ;-; n 1 ~ 5i 1 Fl:; 1 :w prakaad's6ukhraam'

    v to declare

    tl s ;-; n 1 tJ 'W

    rn '

    (i)

    1 'l - -

    ( Iii '} 1 ' Fl 'W ) p rakaa j ph ryg 1 ,

    war.

    302 '\!ld-J 1 mJ ~::; n 1 A mil.ajprakaad/ N written announcement, declaration. eJ eJ n tJ :1::; n 1 A


    ?

    prehend clearly, perceive. sV 3. clearly, surely. tJ :1::; ~n'\oJ-'W::; ~ 1'\.l pracag/phajaan/ N 1. eyewitness.
    2. (visible) evidence, indication.

    :,ogpraHtad/ V to announce, proQ'U'U) prakaad/ sanii/jaba.d/ *


    <I-I

    claim, declare. tJ :1::; n 1 A'lHJ'U lil :1


    ""'" Q/

    lll'WtJ :1::; ~n'\oJ- h~n-'pracag-' V to perceive clearly. tJ :1::; ~b11 pracan/ V to combat, struggle against, oppose, resist. tJ S::; ~b1J'U 1'W pracanbaan-' V to fight at close quarters; to fight furiously.

    ..

    15)

    b 'U,

    (baj/, chabab/) N certificate, diploma.

    '\!ll-le:JtJ:J::;n1AtJ~13'lila
    jabad/ (khon/) tJ :1::; 'll'W in

    (l'l'W) m:Joprakaad/sanii/::: N certified doctor, physician.

    tJ :1::; n'HitJ:!::; 'll'W prakuad/prakhil.n/ V

    o l ~ e:JtJ:!::; ~b1J'U 1'\.l ( 6(1)


    N battleship.

    rya/pracanbaan-' (lam-')

    e 1 a b. co 11 o q. to compete; to hold a competition. tJ ~::;FlU prakhob/ V me d. to apply a compress, a pad, a medicinal bag (e.g. on a swelling). tJ :1::; l'l'UtJ ~::; '\!l ~ J..J prakhob/pra:nl'Jm/ to take very good care of, tend with utmost care. tJ :1 ::;A eJ
    ~

    tJ ~::; ~b1J'Vl'W 1 pracan-'na.a/ V to confront, encounter, meet face to face. tJ :1::; "11 pracam/ V to be fixed, steady, regular, staple, permanent. 2. to be stationed (at), on duty (at), assigned (to). sV 3. constantly, regularly, habitually.
    d
    I V

    "

    prakhoo:n/ V 1. to grasp gently, support


    0

    (by holding). 2. to hold, support carefully with

    !7t1:J1'i'l1tJS::;'J"1eW1'WtJeJJ..J tamrilad-'-thtipracam-':::
    'II

    both hands. 3. to help (somebody} sit up, sta.nd up, walk, etc. tJ:J::; ll'l'W prakheen/ V 1. sacer. to proffer (something to a priest) with both hands. 2. co 11 o q. to hand (something to someone) with both hands; usually used sarcastically. 3. idiom. to strike a blow with (a stick or weapon), using both hands; o

    juunajp~m/

    police who are stationed in the for-

    tress.

    l~l;SJtJ :J::; 'io1

    ma.jda.jmii/pracam/ (they) do not

    have (it) regularly. 't11tJ:J::;'Jo1 khil.a/pracam/ N colloq. steady customer, regular customer.
    lil11tJ:J::;'Jo1lJJeJ~
    I

    (lil1~) daaw/pracammyau-' (dua:n/)

    ct. Eng. "give (someone) the stick."


    tJ:J::;LFJ:l-Jprakhoom/ V 1. to blow, sound(atrumpet). 2. to beat (a percussion instrument). 3. to herald (with drum- beat or fanfare). 4. to play a prelude. 5. co 11 o q. to proclaim. tJ s::; 'i
    ~

    N the evening star. -Opp. lil11tJ:J:::n1~'Wsn, til1'J:J1. 9 tJ :1 ::;'Jo1n 1:! pracam/kaan-' V to be on duty. tJ :1::; 'i 1tf1 ~ pracam-'cha.ad/ national.
    0

    o 6~tJ~::;"lo1tf1~ (ph)Tyn/)

    (~'W) tho:n/-pracam-'cMad-'

    praco:n/ V 1 it. to do with great care.


    Un'i~.~'i~.

    N national flag.

    -Also

    '\J :1::; "loll~ e:J'W pracam/dyan/ 1. monthly. N 2.


    euphem. menstrual period. --+Syn.
    ~::;Iii
    'II

    LJ :1::; 'i 9J

    I9J

    pracob/ V to flatter, fawn, curry favor.

    com.

    tJ :1::; 'i'Utl s::; ll'i 1 pracob/pracee:n/ idem. tl:J:::'i'U


    IB

    tJ :1::; "lo1~'d pracam/tua-' individual, private, personal. o 13'li!stJ~::;"lo1~'d (b'U) hld/-pracam-'tua-' (baj/}

    (rl9J,rl'W) pracob/(ka:::, kan/)

    V to meet
    -+Ct.

    (as of two or more lines, paths meeting). 'U:J:J'i'U. tJ:J::;'i'J9J(rl'U) pracuab/(ka:::)

    N identification card. o '\!ld-Je:JtJS::;'io1~'d (l'l'W) m5o/-pracam/tua/ (khon-')

    V 1. to be coincident

    personal doctor. t.Js:::"l1tJn'\oJ- pracam/pag/ fortnightly. tJ :1::; 'io1V pracam/piV annual, yearly. tJ :1::; "lo1oJ'W pracam-'wan/ daily, everyday. l ~'WtJ:!::; "lo1 pen/pracam/ constantly, regularly, habitually.
    'Wi.1tJS:::"lo1l~eJ
    0

    (with}; to be concurrent, at the same time (as). sV 2. concurrently. 3. it so happens that.

    "'

    U:1::; 'i 19J A~ 'll'W 6 pracuab/khiiriikhil.n/ pN Prathuapkhirikhan, a township in S Thailand. tJ :1::; 'i 1 'U for short. tJ :1::; ~n',; pracag/ V 1. to be clear, evident, obvious, perceptible, certain, sure .. 2. to realize, com-Also

    "'

    (l'l'W) phon-'-pracam/rya-' (khon-')

    N crew member.

    303

    ~ blt.J'Wtil ~ tJ ~:::: ~ 0 1'111 ~


    {khan')

    ..

    ( A'W) r6djon'-pracam'thaa:g'

    o 'V'lnAt.h::::'ti16tJltilt.J phag'prachaa'thfpatajl N democratic party. o S ::::'IJ eJ'Utl S:::: 'ti 16tJl til tJ rab~:Jbl-prachaa'thfpatajl N the democratic form of government, democracy.

    N eleg. a regularly scheduled bus,

    motor coach.
    L~
    --1

    b ~t.J'Wtl

    ~:::: ~ 0 1 roolJrian'pracam' N boarding

    school.
    Gld-Jtl ~:::: ~ 1 lom'pracam' N seasonal wind .
    0

    in~bV.::::tJ ~:::: ~ 0 1:J.J'W~t.l lagsana?'-pracam'mam1d' 9


    N human nature.
    b6l 'IJ'Vf:J.J 1 t.Jtl :i:::: ~ 1 l@egmi1ajlpracam' serial number
    0

    ..

    .
    prachaabaan' N local government.

    tJs::::'ti16tJmJ prachaathfpad' N 1. democracy. 2.

    name of a political party (Democratic Party).


    tJs::::'ti1'1J16l

    o L~H~tJ'WlJS::::'ti1'1J16l roo!Jrian'prachaabaan' N public (elementary) school (only in rural areas or areas outside of a municipality).

    of, identification number of (e.g. a machine, a


    , Vf:J.J eJtl s:::: til'TU 1'W

    license) .

    ( Fl'W) m~:J'pracamMan' (khon')

    lJS::::'ti1~n~1 prachaa'sygsi1a' N public education.


    tJ S :::: 'ti 161 - 1 b A S 1 :::: Vf prachaa' si'S!Jkhr:S? I

    N family doctor.
    eJ 1Vf1 ~tJ :J:::: ~1 ?aahi1anpracam' staple food.

    N public

    welfare.
    lJ s:::: 'il1 ~:J,J'W'W B prachaal samphan' N 1. public

    tJs::::~:J.J pracim' lit., eleg. west. -Syn. til::::i'Wtiln


    com. -The literary and the common terms

    relations. V 2. slang to advertise.


    iJ S:::: ~rl

    for the eight chief points of the compass are listed under TIF'l .
    tJ :~:::: ~
    9

    prachfd' V 1. to close in, approach. 2. to

    be adjacent to, very close to. V 1. to fill; to


    tJ S:::: 'ti:J.J prachum' V 1. to meet (in a group), assemble; 9

    ( tJ s:::: "l ) pracu?' (pracu? ')


    9

    put in, pack. 2. elect. to charge. N 3.

    to hold a meeting. N 2. a meeting, conference, session; also


    d
    I

    e 1 e ct. a charge. -com p. 'US S ~ , "l .


    q_,
    Q..'

    n 1 ~- -

    tJ ~:::: "l1 'Vh'l1


    q

    ( tJ ~::::til , til 1) pracu?lfajfaa' (pracu?l,


    '

    TI'tJ s:::: 'ti:J-J ( bb Vf - 1 ) thtiprachum' N 1. place of assembly, meeting place (he!J'). 2. assembly,

    tua')
    tJ S:::: b6"l

    N electrical charge.
    'II

    '

    ( r1 eJ n , 6l n) pracee' (d~:Jg', lOug')

    gathering (of people).


    lJ ~:::: 'ti:J-J'Vf 1! eJ prachum'haaryy' V to hold a con-

    colloq. 1. key. 2. lock, padlock.


    tJS::::U"l--1 in
    tJ~::::~'\JtJ~::::bb"l--1

    pracob'praceelJ' V to

    ference.
    b ~ tJ n iJ S:::: '/J:J-J rtag'prachum' V to call, convene
    9

    '

    flatter, fawn, curry favor.


    tJ ~:::: 'tirl prach6d' V to be sarcastic, speak sarcas-

    a meeting.
    VfeJ~lJ~::::'/J:J.J

    tically, ridicule with sarcasm.


    tJ S :::: '11 1 ~ prachuan' V r o y. to be sick. tJ S:::: 'li'W prachan' V to compete. tJ S:::: 'ti 1 - prachaa', prachaa::;. Bound form meaning

    sembly room, meeting room, (assembly) auditorium.

    '

    (VfeJ--1) M!J'prachum' (h~IJ')

    N as-

    L1 ~:::: bV.:J-J , - - ~ eJ pranom', pranom' myy' V to place


    one's hands palm to palm in the attitude of a doration or salutation. -Also
    iJ S ::::'W:J-J, 'V'l'W:J-J.

    "people, public."
    tJ s:::: 'ti 1 n ~ prachaa'k:J:Jn' N people, populace. iJ
    ~::::'If 1 'ti'W

    prachaachon' N the people, the public,

    tJs::::bV.1:J-J pranaam' N a salutation made by placing

    the populace, population.


    tJ ~:::: 'ti1 'IJ'W'V'l61 bl'J eJ ~

    one's palms together and bowing.

    prachaachon1 phonlamya1J'

    1J ~ ::::blllil prantid' V 1. to be fine, delicate, intricate.


    2. to be neat, exact, precise.
    Fl'd 1:J-J-- fineness;

    the people (esp. of an area, of a country).

    tJ~::::'ti1'111~ prachaacM.ad', prachaa'chaad' N a


    people; a nation. o tJ ~ ::::'ti1'ti1til eJVfn'W prachaachaad'?iraan' the Iranian people, the Iranian nation.
    iJ~::::'If15tJ1tilt.J prachaa'thfbpatajl, -th1patajl N
    ~~
    I

    precision and neatness; scrupulousness; elaborateness. ---Also iJ S 1iJltil.


    iJ ~ ::::blllil A61lJn ~ S :J-J prantid'sinlapakam' N fine work,

    delicate work (of art or handicraft).

    1J ~ : : 111 ~ prada!J I

    V 1. to throng; to be multitudinous.

    democracy.

    2. to well up, surge in (as of several emotions

    304

    crowding in at the same time). 3. to pile up (as work).

    of an area in the central part of Bangkok.


    lJ S ::-; lii'Yl'W lll 1'W pratuu'n~a~anl the front door.

    o lJ ~ ::-: iil1 rl'W L'IJ l::W 1 pradan'kankhftwmaal to


    stream in (of a multitude); to surge in.
    lJ ~ : -: Iilli pradab' V 1. to decorate, adorn, embellish.
    2. to be decorated, inlaid. L fl S EJ ~-- decorad

    ...

    lh : -; bl::W prath/'iml, prathl'im'ma::::: 1. first, primary,


    elementary. N 2. grade (of an elementary school). --See also lJ 3: W
    J''WLJ S ::-: bl::W chanlprath/'iml N elementary grades,

    "

    tion, ornament.
    L fl HHlJ ~ ::-: lillln 1 u kh~anpradab'kaajl
    d
    ~

    grade school level. N orna0

    1s ~

    b su'WJ'WLJ s : -; bl::W

    ( LL~~

    '1 s ~

    b SfJ'W)

    roo:urtan':::::

    ment (to be worn on the body).


    lJ ~ : -: !illllJ s ::-:!ill pradablpradaal V e 1 a b. to deco-

    chanprathl'im' (heu'. roonrian') school.

    N elementary

    rate, embellish.
    LJ~::-:Iill ~

    lJ~::-:bl::WAn'\;11 prathl'im'sygs~al N elementary


    --Comp. education.

    pradaa' colloq. all; entire.

    n 1 ~--

    idem. roourian,- pratMm' syg:::::

    lin !ill.
    LA ::WlJ

    1s ~

    b ~ u'W LJ s : -: bl::w f1 n'\;} 1

    ~::-:!ill tempradaal co 11 o q. extremely.

    saat N elementary school.

    lJ ~::-;!ill lJ pradaal V to dive and remain submerged

    1~ 1 b ru'WlJ ~ ::-: m.J


    school.

    roonrianlprath1'iml N elementary

    (in the water, in the ground) for a long time.

    " lJS::-:Iil1'W'1
    lJ s : -: lil1

    (Fl'W) pradaalmiam' (khon')

    N a

    lJS::-:'Yl'H prathuau' V eleg. to protest. lil,Dll , LJ s: -: n 1 :i lJ ~ ::-: 'Yl 1 'W .

    Fl'l--

    (VEJ,

    skilled diver.
    r;n

    J protest.
    ( 'W 1 u , Fl'W)

    in

    lJ ~ ::-; iillllJ ~::-:A 1 pradab'pradaal V

    See entry below. naajthaMan 1 cMn:::::

    e 1 a b. to decorate, embellish. "' 1J ~::-;~'\;I~ pradldl V to invent, make, devise.


    lJS::;~'\;131'W pradld'satManl V eleg. l.toplace,

    'W 1 fJ 'Yl'Yll s J'uLJ s : -: m 'W

    prathuan' (naaj I, khonl) sioned officer.

    N m i 1 it. noncommis-

    put, set. 2. to establish, lay the foundation (of).

    1J S::; rln'~'W pratMgsin' 1. bearing to the right.


    clockwise.
    L.Js::-:rJ1

    2.

    tJ ~::; lil 'l pradudl e 1 e g. like, as, such as, as if. 9

    "' W praden' N point or matter in question, lJ ~ : -: Llil'


    crucial point, issue.
    'W EJ n jJ ~::; b ~'W n~;:,glpradenl to be irrelevant, off

    prathan' V 1. to sustain, maintain, keep up.

    2. to sustain against. 3. to resist, keep out,


    restrain.

    the subject.
    1J ~ : -: L ~::W prad<'l<'lm' V to start, begin. 1J ~ ::-; 6lil fJ 'l pradiaw' C 1. a moment.
    j
    I

    o lJ s ::-:fl~ fl 1 l:l.I'Yl'W 1 'd prathan'khwaamn~awl 1. to


    sustain against cold. 2. to keep out the cold .

    .:t

    2. co 11 o q.

    o lJs::-:fl~~1lil prathan'chiiwfdl to sustain life,


    maintain one's life.
    lJS::-:TIIil
    (Ae:Jn)

    for a moment, in a moment. 3. just a moment. ->Also


    j
    I

    61ilfJ1.

    -+Syn. 1. 2.

    Fl~.
    'II

    prathad' (d~;:,gl)

    N firecracker. 2.
    J.,

    1J s : -: Llil fJ 1 n eJ'W pradlawk:,;:,nl (for) a moment; just

    '\JS::-:Till ~ prathab' V roy. 1. to stay, remain.

    a minute.

    to sit, be seated. N 1. door, gate com.

    --s y n.

    1. EJ 8 com.

    U~::;Iii ( ll 1'W) pratuul (baan')


    'II
    I I

    "

    2. 'W ~ .

    (baan'). C 2. sport goal.


    Fll f.J 1'W1J ~::-:Iii kh~aphaan'pratuu' N admission

    lJ:i::-:TiliU'W pratMb'jyynl V roy. to stand.


    Ci

    -+Syn.

    charge, gate fee.

    "

    t.J'W com.

    lJs::-:TiliLbS::W prathab'rn:m' V roy. to stay over-

    DliiS~l'WlJS::-:Iil "
    lll'WlJ~::-:Iil

    (Lll) oodphaanlpratuu/ (bajl) N

    night.
    lJ S ::-;Till lJ pratha.b' V 1. to press, press against.

    admission ticket.

    panel; door.

    "

    (li1'W) baanpratuu' (baan')

    N door

    2. to imprint, impress, stamp (as with a seal). sV 3. against, on.


    lJS::-:TiliL'l prathablcajl V toimpress(one);tobe

    " pratuumiam' N 1. lock (as in a canal), lJ s::; lii'W'1 'II


    water gate. pN 2. Pratunam (Pratoonam), name

    impressive.

    305
    L1 ~:; rl'U li1 ~ 1 pratha~h'traa' V to stamp, seal.
    '\J~::: L'llfii1n1 prath@ed'laukaa' N eleg. Ceylon.

    ---s y n. ~ li1 ~ 1 '


    o N stamp pad.

    li1 eJ n li1 ~ 1

    m.

    '\J s ::: L'11 Ai."l1 'l prath@edlaaw' N e 1 e g. Laos. '\J s::: L'llfi el1 nq England. '\JS::; L'lll"i81VIi''U prath@edl?aadb' N eleg. Arabia. '\J s::; L'111"1 B'IJ L~ 1J prath@ed/?india' N e 1 e g. India.

    b'U1:;lJ~:;rJ'\Jlila1

    (eJ'W) b:,?-pratMb'traal(?an')

    '* prath@ed'?aukrld'

    N e 1 e g.

    LIS:;'I1TW prathaan' V roy. to give, offer, bestow.

    ---syn. See
    '1JeJLI~:;'I11'W

    1;(.
    ---See '1J eJ com.

    n ~' :wLI s :; b'11 A ( n ~' il)

    kh5;:,prathaan' V eleg. def. to beg,

    '

    1. group of nations. 2. bloc, coalition.


    b'11 A taauprath~ed'

    '

    klu.m'pratMed' (klum') N

    ask, request.

    ' li11 ~ Ll ~ :;

    1. a foreign country;

    o '1J eJ Ll ~ :; '111 'W 1 mJ- kh5;:,prathaantMod' e l e g. de f. Kindly pardon me. Kindly excuse me. ---Syn. See
    '1! eJ

    abroad. 2. (as n. mod.) foreign. affairs.


    'Yl'JLI ~:; b'11A
    J.,

    n 1 ~- - foreign

    1mJ-

    c o m.

    thtlaprath~ed'

    all over the country.

    o '1J eJ Ll S :; '111 'W b s1 'W eJ kh5;:,prathaan' sani:'i<J' e l e g. de f. I respectfully submit (this matter for your consideration). Used especially in official correspondence.
    VG1lJS:;'l11'W chonlaprathaan' N irrigation.

    Ll s:; L'11A n ~ :Wfl eJ:W~ 'J-Q s1 li1.. pratMed'klum'kh;:,;:,mmiw::::


    nfd' the communist bloc of nations.

    '

    Ll S :; b '11 AV 1 ~ pratMed' cMad' N country.


    '\.J ~:; b'11 A:w'\1! 1 eJ.1'W 1 ~

    ( '\.J S:::: b'11A)

    prath~ed'-maMa'::::

    ?amn~ad' (prath~ed)

    N 1. the great powers.

    Ll S:; '111'W 1 '11'\~} prathaanth6od' e leg. de f. Excuse


    me. ---Less deferential than '1J eJ-- . See
    '1JeJ1'11~ com.

    2. a great power, a mighty nation.


    L1 S:; b'11A S eJ'W ( '\.J ~:; b '11A )

    ---syn.

    pratMedr:S:Jn'

    (prath~ed')

    N tropical country.

    Ll S:; TILl, Iii 'J ~-- prathtib', duauprathiib' N 1. flame.


    2. light, e.g. the light from a flame, a lamp, or a lantern. ..., Ll S:; '11~ S 1 tJ prathud'saniaj'* V to do harm, inflict

    Lis:; b'l1An'ti
    ency.
    '\.J ~ :; b '11 As1 :W'W
    th~ed')

    pratMed'sar~ad'

    N colony, depend-

    '

    ( '\.J s :; b'11 A )

    pratMed' saml1n' (pra::::

    '

    injury.

    ---Also Ll s:; '11~~

    Ll ~:; b'11 A ( Ll ~:; b'11 A) pratMed' (pratMed') N 1.


    eleg. country, nation. C 2. elf. for same. ---syn.
    b :!JeJ
    'IJ

    ' ""

    s 1 tJ

    ...,

    N satellite country.

    prathud'thaniaJ'.

    Jl1 tJ 1'WLI S:; b '11A phaajnajlpratMed' 1. inside the

    country. 2. (as n. mod.) domestic, internal, inland.


    Jl:DLI ~:; b '11A

    ' ' ( Lb'VH, eJ!J 1 ~)

    phuu'mfpratMed' (heu'.

    com.

    jaau') N 1. topography; the surface features of an area. 2. scenery, landscape.


    '

    NOTE. A list of the e I egan t names of some countries is given below. In every case the common name can be formed by using

    s:; 'Vi'J 1 ~ Ll s:;


    prath~ed'

    b '11A

    rawaau'prath~ed'

    international.

    dl <I 1

    in place of '\J ~ ~ bl1A . Federations are listed under

    o n~'Vi:w 1 f.J ~ :;'\ii'J' 1 ~LI ~:;

    L'YlA

    kodmaaj'- rawaau'::::

    ~"tiS,~.

    N international law.

    '\J~~ bl1Anl.J~V1 prath@ed'kamphuuchaa' N eleg.


    lit. Cambodia. '\J ~ ~ bl1f'l b~l.J ~
    prath~edkhaml';en'

    Ll ~:; S1'W ( fl'W) prathaan' (khon') N president, chairman, head, chief.

    N e I eg. Cambodia.

    '\J~~ bl1A~'\l prath~edciin' N eleg. China.


    '\J~~

    Ll S:; 6 1'Wn s ~ :wn 1 s prathaan'kammakaan' N committee chairman.


    b~'WLI S:; 6 1'W penprathaan' to be the head; to be

    bl1Abj/'l'IJ pratMedjuan' N eleg. Annam.


    d'

    '\J s ~ bl1tlb\I~'W

    prath~edljtipbn'

    N e I e g. Japan.

    '\J~~ bl1fi1mJ pratMedthajl N eleg. Thailand.

    '\J ~

    b11fii:J s H A'\!I

    "

    prath~ed'far~us~ed 1

    N e I e g.

    president (of), chairman (of). t:J-'IJ

    chairman,

    France.
    '\J~~

    president.
    prath~edpham!l.a'

    bl1A'Vil.J1

    N eleg. Burma.

    '\Js~

    bl1fiYlii'\JD'\lAr pratMedlfilibpin/ N eleg. the

    'ViS

    :;LJ s:; S1'W ( eJ ~ fl)

    phraprathaan' (?ou') N the

    Philippines.
    '\Js~ bl1Al.J~<l1~

    principal Buddha statue in a Buddhist temple.


    pratMed'malaajuu' N eleg.

    S eJ ~ Ll S:; 6 1'W

    ( 'W 1 tJ , fl'W)

    r;:,;:,u'prathaan' (naaj',

    [\fulaya.

    '\J~~ b'llfi b1J8SJ7'\l prath~edljaaraman' N eleg.


    Germany. '\J s::; b'llfi {~ b<iJ1J pratMed1 n1dsia' N e I eg. Russia.

    khon')
    '\.J ~:; 61'W 1G'U~

    N vice-president, vice-chairman.
    ( TI1'W, Fl'W) pratha'a 1 naa 1 thfb;:,dii',

    -thfbb;:,dii' (thAn', khon')

    N president (of a

    306

    country). o HH tl:;::; 6 1'1J1S'U A r::X)tJ 1 prathaa 1 naa'thfb::>dii' N vice-president (of a country).


    tl S ::;'IJd-J.

    -Also ti:J:::;:J.J'J6]! FS.


    tl S::; :J.J 'J ii1 flf] Vl:W 1 tJ pramuan'kodmaajl N code of

    laws, law code.


    I

    See tl:; ::;m:w.

    tl :J:::; :J.J 'J 61 fl1 :i 61 e.J'W

    ( L61 :J.J)

    pramuan'kaans:'bn' (l~m')

    'lJ s ::;'!J 1:W pranaam' V 1. to brand, stigmatize. 2.

    syllabus.
    tl :J::; :J.J 1m pramaan' V 1. to approximate; to estimate.

    to blame, accuse, denounce. -Sometimes confused with tl s::; m1 :W in spelling.


    'lJ s : ; 'lJ n tJ . See under tl :; ::; ti:J::;ti1 prapaa/ N (city)watersupply. fl1:i--

    qM 2. about, approximately. -Syn.


    ~'Uti S:::; :J.J 1m

    S 1 'J.

    ( ~'Uti S::; :l..J1m) tJ6bpramaan' (tJ6bpra::::

    maan')

    N budget.

    idem.
    fl1 S'lJ S ::;tJ1 fl :l ~ Lrrw "1 kaanprapaa'kruutMeb'

    'W e.Jtl :J:::; :J.J 1m ph::>::>pramaan' V 1. to be moderate

    .,

    Bangkok Water Works.


    {;j 171

    '

    (in quantity). sV 2. moderately, to some degree or extent .


    d

    u"1t1 S ::;tJ1 miamprapaa' N city water, water (as

    a municipal utility).
    ti:J::; Ltl~tJ'J pra?lpriaw' V to be lively, active, agile,

    '

    ( 'Yl 'l:::;) tl :J:::; :J.J 1m sud'pramaan', sud'thticapra:::: maan' to be inestimable.

    LVI~ e.Jtl S :::;:J.J 1m lyapramaan' to be beyond description; to be inestimable.

    sprightly. -see Lt1 ~ tJ 'J


    'lJ S ::;'Wb] R praphcyd' V to behave, act. A 'J 1:W--

    tJ :J:::; :J.J 1 'Yl pramaad'* V 1. to be overconfident, careless,


    negligent. 2. to look down on, bemean, belittle, disparage, make disparaging remarks. A1 1 :J.J-negligence, carelessness, recklessness.
    Gi'Utl s:::; :w 1 'Yl soblpramaad' to insult, disparage,

    behavior, conduct.
    ti:J::;'WqRi'J praphcyd'tua' to behave oneself. tJ:;::;i'W6 praphan' V eleg. towrite,compose.
    ~

    'Wfl--

    " , 1:1-'U

    poet, writer, author.


    ..-

    com., tJ'W'W6
    "'

    eleg. N 1.
    d

    belittle, speak or act contemptuously to.


    Vl:W'Wtl :J::; :J.J 1 'Yl mln'pramaad' V 1. to be contemp-

    A'1tl S ::;,;''!J 6 ( 'U'Yl) kham'praphan' (bOd')

    poetry. 2. writing (esp. poetry, but also prose).


    'U 'Yltl s::;

    tuous of. 2. to insult.


    ti:J:::;:J.J'/J
    9

    iu 6

    ( 'IJ 'YJ)

    bOd'praphan' (bod')

    N a

    (fl'W)

    pramug' (khon')
    ~

    N eleg. head, chief,

    literary work, composition; a writing.


    ti:J::;'W16i prapM.ad' V roy. to tour, take a trip,
    'U

    leader.
    tl S:::; :J.J61

    -+Syn.

    'Vl'd'Vl'W 1 ..

    pramuun' V to bid (e.g. at an auction).


    i.J :J :::; :J.J ~

    visit.
    tl s::; L'W& ( eJ ~ 1 ~ , LL'U'U) praphee'nii' (jaau'. bhb')

    tl :J:::; L:Wu pram88n' V to assess; to estimate. tl :J ::; 1:J.J ~ . See

    N custom, tradition. -Also


    'l1 S/iltl S::; L9f@
    "' "'

    tl :i:::; L'J& IB.

    tJ :J:::; tJ fl Iii prajug' V 1. to make useful; to apply. 2.

    e.JtJ 1 ~) caa'rtid'-praphee/niil

    '

    (jaau') N custom, tradition.


    'lJ:J::;Jl1A1:i

    "' ::i'tltJ1A16i/ii:Jti:J:::;tJfllil w:idthajaasaad'prajug' applied

    to be applied. "' science.

    ('Vli~) praphaa'khaan' (lau') N light-

    '

    house.
    tl S::; LJ1'YJ prapMed' C e 1 e g. kind, sort, type,

    tl s:::; 1 tJ fl

    ( tl :J:::; 1 tJ fl)

    prajoog' (prajoog')* N 1.

    gram. sentence. C 2. level, grade, degree (as of development, achievement).


    tl s:::;

    category, variety.

    -+Syn. See '1/tJiil com.

    tl s:::; :J.J ~ , tl s::; L:W ~ pramou', pramoou' V 1. to fish.

    1tJ '1/J

    (eJ ~ 1 ~ )

    prajood 1 * (jaau')

    N advantage,

    N 2. fishing. 3. fisherman. fl1 :J-fishery.


    '111'Jti:J:::;m (A'W) chaawpramou' (khon')

    fishing;

    usefulness, benefit, profit, use, interest (in the sense of "benefit").

    N fish-

    Lfi IilLI S:::; 1tJ '1.1'1; k88d'prajood 1 V to be advantageous, beneficial, useful; to be of benefit, do (some)good.

    erman.
    L~ e.Jtl s:::; :J.J ~ ( j;(1) ryapramou' (lam')

    N fishing

    flmtl s:::; 1 tJ
    9

    '1/J khun'prajood
    ~ 'd'W s 'J:W

    N usefulness, utility,

    boat.
    ti:J::;:J.J'J61 pramuan' V to compile, combine, codify.

    value, beneficialness, advantageousness.


    tl s:::; 1tJ'11;'/Je.J ~

    prajood'kh:S::>usuanruam'

    307

    the common interest, common good; the collecI

    n 1 S-- idem.
    d

    tive advantage.

    fil'H'\JS::: l'dl:l6 lOatJPrawee'niil V to commit adultery. iJ s::: l 'dill tJ prawee'nii' N custom, tradition. -+Also iJ S::: l 'Will. iJ s::: 61 ~ Fl pras~u' V e 1 e g. to desire, want, wish, need,
    require. to be to no advantion.
    I

    'lJ s::: 1 tJ '(];~ 'd 'W rl'd prajood' suantua' personal interest, advantage, gain; individual advantage.
    <: ..

    l i.J'Wi.J s::: 1 tJ 'C.I'W penprajood' to be advantageous,


    useful.

    Fl '.l1:.W-- wish, desire, purpose, inten-

    6iJ~1i.Ja:::1tJ'C.I; plaaw'prajbod'
    tage, useless.

    t:J fil iJ S::: 1 tJ 'C.I'W pMn'prajood' N 1. benefit, gain,


    use, advantage, profit; (one's) interest. 2. proceeds.
    L'WeJi.Js:::1tJ'C.I'W('I.IeJ~) ph?aprajood'(kh:'):lU':;)
    d ..

    ..

    "llil'IJS::: 61 ~ Fl ( '\Js:::n 1 S, eJtJ 1 ~) cud'pras<Su' (pra:; 9


    kaan', jaau') N purpose, goal.
    lileJ~i.Js:::61~Fl t~u'pras~u'

    V 1. lit.,eleg. to need,

    require, want. 2. to be needed, desirable. for


    ~ 1'lJ s::: 611 Fl phYU'pras~u' e leg. to be desirable.

    ..

    the benefit (of).

    11il bi'!J s::: 61 ~Fl.. ( eJ~ 1 ~, 'lJ s::: n 1 s)


    9

    wadthu?'pras~u'

    ~LJ s::: 1 tJ 'C.I'W..

    miiprajood' to be advantageous, use-

    (jaau'. prakaan')

    N aim, purpose, object.

    ful, of use.

    iJ s::: 61'1'1 prasob' V e leg. to meet, encounter.

    l ;iJ s::; 1 tJ 'C.I'W.. raj 'prajood 1


    vain.

    to be useless' in

    iJ s::: 61'Wn 1 Sl:l6 prasob'kaanl N experience. iJ s::: 61'1'1 l Vllil prasob'heed' e leg. to have an accident. 9 i.Js:::61:.W
    pras~m'

    Vl1'!J s::: 1tJ'C.I; hlla'prajood' V to seek profit, gain,


    advantage.

    V to mix. -Also t:J61:.W.

    'lJ S::: 611 praslla' N 1. co 11 o q. way, manner, esp.


    proper ways, accepted ways. 2. in the manner of, like, as. -Also occasionally t:J::: 611 also Jl1,.1 tJ. o FltJfl'W'lJS:::611 6'WeJ'W khuj'kan'-prasi1a'ph9an' to 9 chat the way friends do.
    ~

    'lJ a::: fil eH pralJ:lU' V 1. to test. 2. to practise.


    'lJS:::fileJ~tJ'fl5
    9

    pralJ:lU'jud' V eleg. to maneuver,


    ~

    -see

    hold maneuvers. -Syn.

    'C.IeJ:.WS'U com.

    iJ S::: 1m-J praloom' V to comfort, solace.


    mr~ ~ eJLJ s::: 11il:.whn ( Llil:.w l nausY>r'-praloom':;
    l~og' (l~m')

    N cheap fiction, esp. love

    lil1 :.w'!J s::: 611 taam'prasi1a' in the manner of, in the


    way of, according to the ways of (e.g. a certain station in life, mode of life). -Also lil1 :l-1Jl1,.1,

    stories.

    'lJ s::: 1~ prawad', prawad'ti:;* N 1. account, story,


    history. V 2. (see iJ S::: 1~~~ below).

    lill :.w t:J::; 611 .

    'lJ s::: 1~n 1 s prawad 1 kaan' N history, chronicle


    of events. NOTE.

    'lJ s::: 1~n 1 s and 'lJ s::: 1~n 1m

    ..

    'lJ a::: ~LJ a::: 611 prasli'praslla' N 1. meaning, sense,


    significance. V 2. to know the ways of, know what is proper.

    are sometimes interchanged because of spelling confusion.

    l~LJ S::: 611

    mt!jprasaa' 1. to be ignorant of, have

    iJ S::: 1~n 1 Sl:l6 prawad'kaan' N (the) record, events


    worth recording. o 'C.I'W:::i.J s::: 1~n 1 Sl:l6 chami?'-prawad'kaan' to break the record. c

    no knowledge of. 2. to be innocent, naive.

    ..

    -See note above .

    l~'!J s::: ~LJ s:::: 611


    'II

    mt!jprasli'prasl:la' idem.
    "'

    "''lJ s::; 61 1 ruu'prasl:lal v c 011 0 q. to know what s


    is what, to have horse sense. -+Also
    ~Jl1,.1,

    L'iJ'WLJ s::: 1~n 1

    H; pen'-prawad'kaan'

    epoch-

    St:J:::611. 'II i.Js::::611'fl

    making, record-breaking, unprecedented.

    prasaad' N anat. nerve.

    'lJ s::: 1~~~ prawad'thY1J:;, prawad'thY1J' to think


    back, recall .

    n '.l'W'!J s:::: 61 1'11 kuan'prasaad' V co 11 o q. to get on


    one's nerves; to drive one crazy.

    iJ s::: 1~ Fi 1611il s prawadsaad', prawad'tisaad' N


    history.

    ..

    L61'W'!JS::::611'!1 ( L61'W)
    nerve.

    s~n'prasaad' (s~n')

    N a

    iJ s::: ~ 1 prawiu' V to prolong, delay, drag out. iJ S::: l 'dill

    o 1 S Fll ;'W'IJ s::: 61 1'11 r6og 1 s~nprasaad 1 N 1. a nervous disorder; neurosis. 2. nervous breakdown.

    prawee'nii' N sexual intercourse.

    308

    L611ilt1~~611'Yl sood'prasaad' N eleg. 1. sense


    of hearing. 2. anat. auditory nerve. o '\J11i1L 611i1tl ~ ~ 611'!1 ba.ad'-sood'prasaad' e 1 e g. to offend one's sense of hearing.

    strange, marvelous.
    t1S~VI~11il,l&l praUtad'cajl V to wonder, be surprised,

    astonished.
    lltJ~ntJs~VI~11il

    A'd 1 :W- - surprise, astonishment. plE:eg'pralaad' V to be wonderful,

    tJ S~ 611 'Yl

    11 prasaad' V 1. to confer (upon).

    2. to

    strange, unusual, extraordinary.


    tls~VI'd'W
    J.,

    take pleasure in giving.

    prawan' V eleg. to fear, be afraid of.

    tJ S~ 611'W prasaan' V 1. to link, join together. 2.


    to meet (join, be joined). 3. to bind (as a binder). 4. to unite, coordinate.

    tls~~lil prahad' V lit. to kill, destroy. tJs~~lilt1S~VI1a prahad'praMan' V elab. eleg.


    to kill, destroy.
    t1S~VI1S

    ~'dtla~611'W tuaprasaan' N binder, binding


    medium.

    prahaan' V to kill, destroy.

    tJs~~liltJS~VIU prahad'prahaan' V elab. eleg.


    to kill, destroy.

    tJ S~ 611 'W ~ 1'W prasaan'!Jaan' V to coordinate the


    work (e.g. of different departments). coordination.

    n 1 s--

    tJs~VI1SV11il prahaan'chiiwfd' V eleg. 1. to


    execute, put to death. 2. to be executed. 1. See
    ~

    -s y n.

    tJs~611'W~eJ prasaan'myy' V to clasp one's hands,


    knitting the fingers together.

    'jJ

    1 com.

    o nntl S :::VI1 SV11il thuugpraMan'chiiwid' to be N success.


    ~

    tJs~~'Yl(.tJ~~~'YlBtJ~~~'Ylft:H'l

    prasld', prasid'thi:::

    executed.
    S

    -+Chiefly in compounds. prasid'phOn' V to be successful,

    1t1 S :::VI U

    (An ) r<id'thaprahaan' (khni:u') N

    1:!

    coup d'etat.

    give successful results.

    tJsn in

    tJ;n~ni~ parag'Mgpha!J' V to be ruined,

    tJ S ~ ~ 'YlB Jl1 'Vi pras l d'thipMab' N e 1 e g. efficiency.


    tJs~~'d in ~'Wtla~~'d dinprasiw' N saltpeter.

    dilapidated.

    tJ sn'\.J s'1 pragpram' v 1. to accuse, blame. 2. to


    condemn.
    ~~lLJ sntJ f1 phQudlpr~gpram/ to accuse, blame.
    ~
    ~

    n S li1 ~'kit! s ~ ~ 'd krbdldinprasiw' N tJ s ~ ~ in '\.J s ~ ~tl a~ 611 praslilprasaa'


    o of, to know what is proper.

    nitric acid. N 1. mean-

    ing, sense, significance. V 2. to know the ways o l~'\.J S ~ ~'\.J S ~ 611 m~jpraslilprasaa' V 1. to be ignorant of. 2. to be innocent, naive.
    '\.Js~~~ prasuud' V 1. roy. to be born. 2. to give

    tJ s 'lib!! 1 ( 'IJ eJ, l s t: '!) pradjaa', pradchajaa', parad':::


    chajaal, paradjaa'
    (kh~:J',

    ..,

    r-1a:u')

    N philosophy.

    tJ f li1 fJ'U'W prad'tajuban' N present (of time). 9 tJ S'\J tJ S'\J 'Yl ~


    ~

    r>J

    prab'. See entry below.

    tJ S'\J'Yln 'IJ prabthug' V to tell one's troubles. 9


    11 prab' V 1. to fine, impose a fine on.

    birth.

    2. to

    '\.J S~ l 61 ~1 pras~<'cld' V 1. to be excellent. 2. to be


    precious.
    '\.Js~VIUJ tJs~A'U'lJS~VIUJ

    tune, adjust, correct, clear up.


    0

    &1

    1'!1 ~ tJ S'\J tM:ucam'tha:uprab' both fine and im-

    in

    prakh6b'pra!JOm' to

    prisonment: "both to imprison and to fine."

    take very good care of, tend with utmost care.

    tJ S'ULI a~ prabpru!J' 9

    1. to improve. 2. to adjust.

    '\.J S~VI'W ~ prany:u' 1 it. as if; like, as.


    o ~t1S~VI'W~'d1 duu'-prany!J'w~a' it seems as though, it looks as if.
    d '

    3. to smarten up, spruce up. reform, improvement.

    n 1 a--

    revision,

    tJ a ~VI:W 1 pramaa' V to be nervous, get panicky, be


    struck with fear.

    '

    -s y n.

    li1 ~

    l VIJ'l eJ'W.

    tJ S'\J l VI:W prabmajl V to fine.

    ~1t1S'UlVI:w kh~a'prabmajl t1 f :Wtl a 1 paramlparaa' ancient,


    o

    N fine, penalty. traditional.

    tJ a~ 'VltJli1 prajad'

    to be thrifty; to be frugal; to be

    tJ s 1 n[] praa'kod' v 1. to appear. 2. to become


    manifest, clear. 3. to be apparent, ostensible.

    sparing of, economical in the use of (e.g. fuel).

    tJ S~VI~ 11il pralaad' V to be surprising, strange,


    unusual.

    !il~tJnn[] da:upraa'kod' as has appeared, as could


    be seen, as is manifest, evident. ' tJ n n[] n 1 H\1, ( eJ rJ 1 ~ ) praakod'kaan' (jaan')

    'W' 1t1 a~VI~ 11il

    n~a'pralaad'

    V to be surprising,

    309

    phenomenon.
    I

    face).
    1Fl:; ~ n 1 nJ ~ 1'\Jtl ~

    lJ :1 1 ngJ 'J 'l praakod'w11a" it appears that, it seems that, it is apparent that.
    'lh 11lg;j eJ Hl'LJ'W praakQd/?ou'-kh~n" (a supernatural
    O"'J'

    quito control program.

    '

    khrooukaan"-praab"juu" mos-

    Lis 1'\JLIS 1:W praabpraam/ V 1. to subjugate. 2.


    to suppress, put down, squelch (opposition); to subdue, tame, bring under control. n 1 S - pression; control, controlling. sup-

    being) to make an appearance.

    8~Fl~Linng;Ji1 jaukhou'-praakbd'miil there still


    appears to be. Ll ~ 1 n 1 ~
    ( 'lJ s 1 n 1 s)

    praakaanl (praakaan')

    N e 1 e g.

    'lJ ~ 1 :W praam" V e leg. to prohibit, forbid, stop.

    walL enclosure (esp. surrounding a town). ..... S y n. no 1 U~


    ~

    ..,

    -+Com p. 'lJ S 1'\J .

    c o m.

    VI 1 :w'lJ ~ 1 :W hitampraam/ V to prohibit, forbid.

    Lln~
    I

    praau' N lit.,eleg. cheek. -+Syn. Ull:W com.


    cJ I b'U:JeJ~'lJn~

    Lin1mw,.. praam6od" N 1. eleg. joy, delight. V 2.


    to be delighted, glad.

    Lin~

    in
    a'

    pryaupraau' imit. the

    Lint! praaj/ V to scatter, sow, disseminate.


    1.J ~

    crashing sound of broken glass.


    ...

    ::::Ll ~ 1 tJ pra?praaV V 1. to be sprinkling (as


    of rain). sV 2. sparsely, lightly, sporadically, here and there, in scattered fashion.

    LI~11Fl,~S::::--

    (eJ~fl)

    praau". phrapraau' (?ou")

    N stupa.

    'Us 1 ~P.!'U S praaciin'buriil pN Prachinburi, a township in SE Thailand.


    1.J n

    '

    o r-i'WiilnLI s ::::LI ~ 1tJ f6ntog'pra?praaV~ It is drizzling, raining lightly .


    bLl :i tJLI

    ...

    -+Also

    Ll ~ 1 ~Po! for short.

    'lfb\1 ( Fl'W) praad' (khon") N learned man.

    tJ

    pr~~jpraaj/

    V to call out, make a

    1Tn-1.J n titJ

    wise man, learned man, sage, philosopher.

    general greeting.
    1 Ll ~ tJLI s 1 tJ

    praa/chaj/, paraa'chaj/

    1. lit. to fail,

    proojpraaj/ V to scatter, sow, dissem-

    be defeated. N 2. lit. failure, defeat; also


    111:1-- ,Fl'J1:W--.
    'IJ

    inate.
    6l1l1.J~

    1tl ltlugpraaj/

    N bird shot.

    U:1 1P.! praanl N breath, life, heart.


    6l:l.JLJ:! 1P.! lompraan' N breath. 'J 1 tJ1.J

    'lJ n Hl'W 1 pra.adthamla" V e leg. to desire, wish,

    dream of, want. Fl 'J 1 :w--

    wish, desire.

    nrn

    waajpraan/

    lit. to die.

    ~ ~ Ll:; 1 ~ bl'W 1 phYD'praadthanAa' e 1e g. to be desir-

    Ll niil. See Ll nil.


    tl niillil

    able.
    61:WLI :1 1 ~ bl'W 1 s6m'praadthanAa' V e leg. 1. to be

    . see

    'lJ s::::rnlil.

    Ll :J 1 (il praad' V 1. to rush, dash. sV 2. swiftly, quickly. C 3. a brief glance, a twinkling, an instant.
    d bLl S 0 1

    in accordance with one's desire. 2. to attain one's desire, have one's wish fulfilled.
    'lJ n S Jl

    di ~)

    praar6b'(thY1J') V e 1 e g. 1. to mention,

    Ll:! 1 (il
    :W eJ ~

    pra.adpryau' V to be quick {in think-

    speak about. 2. to express one's thoughts out loud.

    ing); to be quick-witted, sharp-witted.

    .....s y n.

    1.

    n611 'd

    com.

    L1 ~ 'l (il b ~ tJ 'J m:J:JU'praaddiaw" in a glance, at


    LU:! (il'lJ s 1'W proodpraan" V to favor, be

    'lJ :J 1 fl "l1 n praadsacaagl, praasacaagl to be without, be free from, free of. Sometimes corresponds

    a glance.
    'lJ

    s I'W

    in

    to -less, -free; see examples.


    0

    favored.

    Ll n fl "l1 ni111il praadsacaag'chiiwid" e 1 e g.


    without life, lifeless.

    Llnil praa'nii' V tohavemercyon.


    kindness, mercy.

    Fl'd1:W--

    pity,

    -+Often written Ll :i

    1iil.

    o rt 11 ;LIs 1 fl q 1 n b eJ 1s F1 thamMj,- praadsacaag':::: chyar6og/ to make germfree, hence to sterilize, pasteurize.


    1.J s 1 f1 ;tl praasAV V 1. e leg. to greet, speak to,

    :ff

    n :JP.!-ILI:! q

    ltl

    karunaa/ -praa"nii" V to be kind,

    merciful, kind- hearted. U:1 1'\J praab' V 1. to subjugate, conquer, overcome. 2. to suppress, put down, squelch; to subdue, tame, bring under control. 3. to level (a sur-

    address cordially. sV 2. cordially, genially.


    0

    N 3. cordial talk, speech.

    Fl1- -

    ( Q'U'U, b :i eJ ~ ,

    310
    A a~)
    1::

    cordial speech or address. praasaad 1 (I<ln 1.hen') N

    i.h pru?l V 1. to be perforated, riddled, punched


    9

    '\.Jn61Tn

    (V161'~.u~~)

    through. 2. to be pitted, pocked.

    castle, palace, mansion.


    '\.Jf1.

    '\.) s '.!
    9

    prun' V 1. to combine, put together, compound (ingredients of food, medicine, etc.). 2. to season, flavor (food). sonings (for food).
    bAa J ~-d

    See 'lli'n'lla'1.

    '\.Js prl?l V to part, come apart, be opened, crack

    ingredients; sea-

    open (by pressure from within).

    '\.) s'll 1 n prl ?paag' v 1. to open one's mouth (to


    speak). 2. to utter.
    '\.J~qjqj1

    'lli''U'lla9 ~ prabprun' V 1. to improve. 2. to adjust.


    3. to smarten up, spruce up. reform, improvement.
    I

    n 1 a--

    revision,

    ('l1Sqjqj1) parin'jaal, prinjaa' (parinljaal,

    prinjaa')

    N academic degree, diploma.

    "' 'lJ!qJqJ1n~:wrfn~ parin'jaa'-kltim'masag' N


    honorary degree.

    'l1 :l '.! Ul'l q

    prun'ten' V 1. to prepare, combine,

    compound, concoct. 2. to touch up, dress up, decorate.


    I I

    '\.J!qJqJ1111~ parin'jaatrii' N bachelor'sdegree.


    '\.) !qJqJ 1L '11 parin'jaathoo' N master's degree. '\.JSqJqj1 b Jn parin'jaa?eeg' N doctor's degree. '\.) S'U

    61'd'W'\.JnUl'l~ q

    suan'prunten' N chem. component,

    constituent.
    '\.)a~ EJ

    1 pruujaa' V to compound a medicine, con-

    1.

    See entry below.

    coct a remedy, make up a prescription.


    V to blink the
    '\.Ja~J1'Vl1a

    '11'1l911'\.J S'U

    1 thamtaa'prlbprlb'

    pruu'?aaMan' V eleg. 1. tocook.


    v

    eyes repeatedly (e.g. when stunned by defeat or sorrow) .


    '\.) a:l-1 prlm' V to be full to the brim. 'lJ!:W1bl! parimaan' N quantity, amount, supply. '\.) S:W 1li1 a parimad', p::>::>rimad' N volume.
    'U~:W1lila.
    .J

    2. to season food.

    -+Syn. 1.

    '11'1rl'U'/J1'd

    com.

    '\.Jb)f\~1. See '\.J~n~1.


    '\.). 61.

    Abbrev. for

    tJ'l Q:l-I~Vl'l postscript; equiv. toP. S.

    'l161 ~ pion' V 1. to lay down (a burden), put down,

    -+Also

    relinquish. 2. to decide, reach a conclusion, come to a decision. 3. to realize, come to the realization. '\.) 6111 'l ploncajl V to decide, consent, be willing to,agreeto. '\.) 61 ~ V'Vi plon'chiib' 1 it. to kill, assassinate, take (someone's) life.
    f\ 1 a--

    '\.J~[J1[J parijaajl N 1. kind, sort. 2. manner, way.


    LiiW'\.J ~ EJ 1 EJ dooj'parijaajl indirectly.

    ...

    '\.JSA'W1

    ('/JJ) prld'san<la'(kM::>')

    N puzzle;riddle. 2. to issue

    '\.) t prli'

    V 1. to be full to the brim.

    forth, rush at, approach menacingly.

    assassination. idem.

    1!~'111 priichaa' V eleg. 1. to be smart, clever.


    N 2. intuition.
    A'd 1:W--

    'l16H i11'lil plon'chiiw fd' lit.

    intelligence.

    '\.) 61 '.llil f\ plontog' V 1. to realize, become aware,

    '\.) ~ 1711 priidaa' V 1 it. to be glad, happy, delighted.

    come to the realization. 2. to know life (be aware of the vicissitudes of life).
    'l16H'Vid:::d'W:W plou'phnkhon' V

    '\.Jsn~1 prygsaa' V to consult. ---Also


    J ""

    'llb) f\~1.

    '11'\.Jaf\"cl-1 thti'prygsaa' N consultant, advisor.

    roy. to assassinate. -+Syn.

    '\J~J

    <9J

    pryy' V 1. to feed.

    2. to bring up, rear,

    'l161H'i'Vi plonsob' V eleg. to cremate.

    train.

    u:.J 1 ~'Vi c

    m. 2. to

    '\.JS'W'\J~J pronpryy' V 1. to bring up, rear. 2.


    to serve, tend. 3. to feed, nourish. 4. to lavish (e.g.gifts on one's beloved).

    'l1611i1 plod' V 1. to take off, remove, detach.

    release. 3. to fire, dismiss.


    l.J61lil'll'Vl1a plod'thah<lan' V to demobilize.
    I

    '\.)~ J

    L!J
    ,,~

    pryy' V to be drowsy.
    '

    'll61lill.J61JEJ

    plodpl~V

    V to release, set free, dis-

    l911 u a J taa'pryy' V to have one s eyes half-

    charge.
    J' 'll 61171 b'\J 6HH plodpl)}an' V 1. to take off, remove.

    closed with drowsiness; to be dozing.


    'll a J
    J

    pryy 1 s V very rapidly.


    v

    2. to liberate, release.
    'll61lilJ1'do plodl?aawud' V todisarm.
    q

    b "' n'\.J J a J rewpryy' to be extremely fast, speedy. I J bb61'W'\.J S J ltnpryy' to run fast, to speed (of a car).

    '\J61'W

    pH~n'

    V 1. to hold up (with intent to rob).

    2.

    311
    to commit a robbery.
    'tJ1:1 'J n ( A"l) pluag' (tua')

    'tJ~1

    a substitute, be adulterated, disguised. N termite, white ant 2. See


    .W'Wi.JR el:W bn colloq .

    -s y n.

    (Isoptera).
    'l eJ:W'tJG1 d n ( G1 n) C:J:Jmpluag' (lQugl)
    'IJ

    ( ~, 'tflil) fanpb:Jm' N false teeth (sti 1 q

    N termite
    I

    for individual teeth; chud' for a denture).


    i.JR ell! plojl* V 1. to release, let go of, let loose.

    hill.
    'tJ G1 eJ n ( 'tJ G1 1 n ) plo:Jg' (plo:Jg')

    N 1. sheath, casing,

    2. to abandon.
    I

    covering, band, i.e. that which covers or binds all around. C 2. elf. for same.

    tJ R lili.J R el u plodplojl V to release, set free, discharge.


    I

    'tJ G1 eJ n Fl eJ

    ( eJ'W) plo:Jgkh:J:J' (?an')

    N collar (for

    l.JG1JUL!R~G1~

    bRU plojpla?tla?laajl V to neglect,

    a dog).
    'tJReJn'Vl:Wel'W
    I I

    abandon.
    ('tJRon) pE'>:Jgm~bn' (plo:Jg')

    L.J~eJU1.;
    I

    ploj!Mj::: to let, allow. la?lplojl V to let go, abandon.

    pillowcase.
    'tJ~eJ1 ('tJ~11)

    R~L!SleJU

    pEYu'* (plou') N 1. tube. 2. shaft

    'tJG1 ~ pla?t V 1. to be released. 2. to be abandoned,

    (as of a mine). 3. opening, vent.

    neglected. -Chiefly in compounds.


    L!ReJUL!R~R~

    'tJ~ el ~ Fl i'W pl:Jukhwan' N smokestack. 'tJ ~ el ~ l '\'J pl~ufajl N chimney, smokestack. 1J ~ el 'l Jl b'1.1 1l '\'J pl:,u'phuukh~wfajl N vent, crater 'IJ
    of a volcano.

    '

    bRU plojpla?tla?laajl V to neglect,

    abandon.

    tJ 51n ( tJ Rn , bb Vl1 ) plag' (plag', hE:u ') N mud hole,


    mud puddle.
    l.JS\1 plau' V to be radiant, shiny.
    I

    1J ~ el ~ s bll '\'J pl:,D' r6dfajl N smokestack of a locomotive.

    "'

    -Chiefly in cpds.

    J-

    bl.JS!~l.JR1

    pleuptau'

    to glow (with health), be

    u~n'Wi.JG1el~ 9

    (A'J)

    juu'k5npl:,u' (tua 1 )

    N anophe-

    radiant (of looks).

    ..,
    i.JS!el1

    les mosquito (carrier of malaria} .

    ..,

    tJ 6i'lil palad' administrative assistant, deputy. tJ 5lil n s ~ m 'J 1 ( ~ 1'W, Fl'W) palact'krasuau' (tMn',
    khon') N undersecretary (of a ministry). r:J:JU'-palad'kra::: o s 1 ~ tJ Gllil n :1 ~ m 'J 1 ( ~ 1'W, Fl'W) suau'
    (th~nl,

    (i.JS!el1) ple.u' (ple.u 1 )

    N 1. internode (of a

    plant stem). C 2. segment, circular segment, section.

    1J R ellil pl:,:Jd' V 1. to be free from, lacking in, empty


    of. 2. to be solid (in color).
    '1.1 1 'Ji.JS! ellil kh~aw'pl:,:Jd' solid white. b'1.1 llli.J R ellil 't1Vl1 s ( b'1.1 lll ) kheed'pE):JdthaMan' i.JR1

    khonl)

    N deputy undersecretary

    (of a ministry).
    (lil'J)

    plaa' (tua')

    N fish.

    -Syn.

    dT'l!il1

    lit.

    rlAL!R 1 kadplaal V 1. to have a fishfight. N 2.

    (kheed')

    N demilitarized zone.

    fishfight.
    n 1 ~l.JR 1
    ..,

    1J R ellilLIJ ~ 1 pl:,:Jdproou' V to be clear.


    i.JR ellilJlU pl:,:Jdphajl V to be safe, out of danger. Fl'J1:W--

    ( .ff'W, el'W)

    ~auplaat
    ns~liln
    'IJ

    (chin', ?an') N fish

    bone. -Dist.

    security, safety.
    ( bu ) kheed'pl:,:Jdphajl (kheed')

    ll'W'1.11'Jn'Wl.JR1 kinkh~aw'kinplaa' V colloq. to

    b'1.1 llli.J Sl ellilJlU

    eat (a meal}.
    '1.1 1 'Jl.JG11 el1Vl1 S kh~awplaat?aah~an' N elab.

    N safety zone. o ~bl!bl! 1'Wi.JR eJlilJlU sanjaan'pl:J:Jdphajl N all-

    ..,

    food. 1 'IJ

    -Also '1.1 1 'Jl.J 611 co 11 o q.

    ..,

    clear signal.

    ..,

    ..,

    "1 tJ 611 "1 uuuuuu'plaaplaa' a little bit, bits


    and pieces (of knowledge).

    i.JR el'W.

    See

    IJ~'WIJS! el'W.

    l.JS! eJ'IJ pE):Jb' V to soothe, console, pacify, comfort. i.JR eJ'IJ1 'l pl:,:Jbcajl V to soothe, console, comfort.

    ~'IJL.J~ 1 cabplaa' v to fish.


    o b]lil ~'IJL.JS\1 cyduulcabplaa' N fishing season.
    .., 'IJ
    v

    n 1 ~-- comfort, consolation.


    i.JR el:W pb:Jm' V 1. to falsify, fake, counterfeit,

    V'Wl.J R 1 :W'W chfnlplaamanl idiom. the best part

    of things; the juiciest, most desirable portion.


    lll1L!Sl1 ( b~lil)

    imitate, forge (e.g. a signature), disguise. 2. to be false, fake, counterfeit, be an imitation,

    taaplaa' (mect')

    N corn (callous

    growth, as on the toe).

    312
    .,
    'll1t.JG11 namplaa/ N fish sauce (a liquid sauce

    (general term).
    t.JG111Tn l t.J 1 plaa/pagp~w/ N globefish (Tetrao-

    made of fish and used as a salty seasoning in place of salt).


    t.J G11 n 111 plaakbd/ N catfish (Tachysurus ).
    'l!G11n~:::l11
    d

    dontidae).
    t.J 611 ~ 1 plaania/ N fish preserved with salt (often

    plaakradli/ N gourami (esp.Tricho-

    having roasted rice mixed with it}. o 1'Vlt.J611;1

    gaster), a kind of small fresh-water fish.


    t.J G11 n ~::; ~ 'l plaakrathiu/ N a kind of fresh-water

    (;1~)

    Mj/plaaraa/

    (kh~atJ/)

    N 1.

    the clavicle, collarbone. 2. the hollow just above the collarbone. oo n S::; 111 n 1 'Vlt.J 611;1 kraduug/- Mj/plaaraa/ N the
    'IJ

    fish (Mastocembelidae).
    t.JG11n~:::'U1n

    plaakraboog/ N sea mullet (Mugi-

    lidae).
    t.JG11 n ~::; l 'U'\.l plaakrabeen/ N ray, skate.
    t.J611n~:::t.JeH
    +
    ~

    clavicle, collarbone.
    t.J61116l:w1 plaaloomaa/ N dolphin, porpoise. t.J611 'J 1'W plaawaan/ N whale. t.JSl1 ~ ~ 111 plaasalld/ N 1. gouramy, a kind of fresh+

    (WJ,n~:::t.JeH)

    plaakrap:StJ/ N

    canned fish (tua' for fish that is canned; kra:::: p3tJ/ for a can of canned fish).
    t.J611n
    ~::; ~'U
    'IJ

    water fish. 2. euphem. female genitalia.


    1.J611'Vl:W1 plaamoo/ N climbing fish (Anabu,s), a

    plaakrasuub/ N a kind of fresh-water

    fish (Hampala macrolepidota).


    t.J 611 n

    common fresh-water fish.

    ~::; L;

    plaakrah6o/ N a kind of fresh-water

    t.JG11'Vl~n plaamyg/ N 1. cuttlefish (Sepia}. 2.


    squid.
    0

    fish (Catlocarpio siamensis).


    t.J611n:::'I'H plaakaphotJ/ N general name forma-

    t.J611'V!~n ~n'ef plaamyg/jag/ octopus.


    N dried fish.

    .-

    rine fish of the perch and bass families.


    t.J611 n::; i'1 plaakara:u/ N grouper, a salt-water

    " plaaMe:u / 1.J G11ll 'Vll


    'Vl11J611

    t.J 6111 'VIR plaalAV N fresh-water eel.

    fish (Epenephelus).
    t.J G11 rl111 plaaka.d/ N Siamese fighting fish (Betta). t.JG11l '"" tJ:W plaakMm/ N needle fish, fish of the

    hilaplaa/ V to fish. Fl'\.l--

    fisherman.

    IJ611'U plaab/ V 1. to flow in with a rush, a surge.

    sV 2. with a rush, a surge. binations.

    -+Chiefly in com-

    Belonidae family.

    "" plaakhem/ N dried salted fish. t.J611l Fl:W


    t.J611l~'\.lt.J611'YJ1~ plaa:u;:}n/plaathoo:u/ N small

    t.J611'U'\J~:w plaabpl~m/ V to be delighted, glad,


    overjoyed, to feel a surge of delight, gladness, joy.

    "

    carp with gold and silver coloring. -See


    t.J611'YieJ~.

    --l'l

    idem.

    l ~EJ 'Jt.JR 1'\.J

    siaw/plaab/ to get a sharp sudden

    t.J 611 'l::; 61::; l ~ 111 plaa/ calamed/ N butterfish, an

    sensation (painful or pleasurable), to have a sudden piercing surge of sensation.


    t.J611EJ plaaV N end (of anything); tip. L~;wn ~111~el'W1.J611 8 ( i'J

    edible marine fish (Stromateus).


    t.J611Q'\.l1n plaachanaag/ N sawfish (Pristis).

    -Ant.

    lil'W.

    'lJ 611 Q61 '1 :W plaachalaam/ N shark.


    I

    , eJ'W) khemklad/s~onplaaV
    cudmilaj/plaajthaa:u/

    IJ611'l.il'W plaach!bn/ N 1. serpent-head, a kind of

    (tua/, ?an/)

    N safety pin.
    ( el'\.l' 51111) 9

    fresh-water fish. 2. euphem. penis.


    t.J6111iln plaadug/ N fresh-water catfish
    9

    51 111'Vl:w1 EJIJ611 8'!11 ~ 9

    (?an/, cud/}
    l111'U1.JSl18iJ'W

    N destination, final goal, aim. daabplaajpyyn/(lt!m/)


    N

    (Sil uridae).
    t.J 611 'YJ 1 ~ plaathoo:u/ N goldfish, small carp with

    (l6l:J.J)

    bayonet.
    lil 1'\.lt.J611 8 ( lil 1'\.l)

    goldcoloring.

    -..Comp. t.J611l~'Wt.J611'YI11.

    toonplaaV (toon/)

    1. the end

    t.J 611 'YI::; llil plaa/thalee/ N sea fish, marine fish,

    part, final part. 2. in the end, finally. -Opp.


    lil1'\.llil'\.l.
    J
    I

    salt-water fish (general term).


    t.JG11~

    plaathuu/ N a very common kind of mack-

    'YI'Vl:W18tiG11ti'YI11

    ( ll'Vl~, 'YI)

    thtimilaj/plaajthaa:u/

    erel (Scombridae).

    (hf:tJ/, thti/)
    l 'U eJ 1DSl1 8
    d'

    N destination.

    " "' 111 plaa/namc)ryd/ N fresh-water fish IJ611'\.lo1'l

    b9a:uplaaV e 1 e g. 1. the final part,

    '\JSJ1tl

    313 end part. 2. at the end. -+Ant.


    J-' "' b'lHH lii'W.

    ~'ltJ~ ( ~'l) htiaplii' (Ma') N flower cluster of


    the banana tree.
    tJ~ oo
    I AI
    Q..o'

    tJ SJ1 tJ 'IJ 1 'l

    plaajkh~aw'

    N broken milled rice.

    tJ ~ 1 tJ A'W plaajkhon' old age (with humorous con-

    in n::;V16'J"1tJSJ

    (Vl'l,lii'W)

    kalam'plii' N cabbage

    notation).
    '\JSJ1 t1 '111 ~ plaajthaau' N. destination; goal, aim. tJ ~ 1 t1 bU'W plaajn;:};:}n' N the foot of a knoll, the

    (hual, for a head; tt)n', for the plant).

    tJ~n pllig' V to break up, separate; to divide into


    small parts, small amounts.

    bottom of a slope.

    'IJ1titJ~n khi!ajpllig' V to retail, sell at retail.


    b ~'WtJ~n :udnpllig' N small change, coins of small

    tJ~ 1ti'll plaajpii' N year's end, the end of a year.

    " b 6i JJ otJ Sl1 tJ b 6i &Hl lii'W


    I

    sam~;:}ltlln'- sam8d'plaaj'

    denomination.

    idiom. 1. to be consistent. sV 2. consistenly.


    V1 0 n tJ SJ1 t1 iJ'W ( bSl l-J) h:,;,gplaajpyyn' (l@ml)

    ~otJ~n

    sy-ypllig' V to buy at retail.

    tJ~nrl'l plligltua' V to get away {from), separate


    oneself (from).
    tJG'lntJ Otl pllig'j~j' V 1. to be detailed. 2. to be
    "" I

    bayonet.

    ~'l 'W O'WtJ SJ1 t1 m'W huan;,;,nlplaajtiin' N idiom.


    the background of a person (esp. as it bears upon his social status).
    v

    trivial, minor. o
    b ~ 0 ~tJ~ntJ Otl
    ,J ""
    I

    I1a:u'-pllig'j~j'

    N small, trivial

    tJSJ"1 pl~m' V 1. to wrestle, fight, grapple. 2. to

    matter.

    forcebywrestling. 3. idiom. totryhard, work very hard (on something); to strive with utmost effort.
    v v

    tJ~n b 'l Sl1 pllig'weelaa' to squeeze in a bit of time,


    make a little time {for some unscheduled or unexpected matter), spare a little time.
    J-' tJSJJJ pl~m' V to be glad, delighted, gratified, pleased 1

    tJSJ"1tJSJn, tJ6'lntJSJ"1 pl~mplug', plugpl~m' q q

    1. to

    force (someone) by wrestling; to attack with force (and with intent to rape, to rob). 2. idiom. to try hard, exert oneself; to strive with utmost effort.
    JJ'l titJ~"1 muajpl~m' N wrestling.

    -Chiefly in combinations.
    tJ~ 1'l.JtJSJJJ plaabpl~m'

    J-'

    V to be delighted, glad,

    overjoyed, to feel a surge of delight, gladness, joy.


    J-' tJSJJJ1 'l
    tJ~n
    q

    - - 1 'l i d e m.

    "

    pl~mcaj' V to be delighted, greatly pleased.


    ,J

    tJ~ ~

    ( rl'l) pli:u' (tua')

    N 1. leech, water leech. 2.

    plug' V to arouse, rouse, wake (someone) up. -Dist.


    lii'W "to wake {of oneself)." ( do'W)

    staple, clamp.
    tJ ~ li1 pll d' V to pick (off), to pluck.
    v

    'W1tln1tJ6ln

    tJ~'W pltn' V 1. to turn inside out. 2. to press out,


    force out (e.g. seeds).
    tJ~'WtJSJ O'W pltnpl~n' V to lie, deceive, swindle
    " v

    naalikaa'pllig' (ryan') N

    alarm clock.
    tJiiln1'l q

    plugcaj' V 1. to arouse, encourage(e.g.

    patriotism, bravery). 2. to be arousing, encouraging.


    v v

    with deceptive words.


    tJ~'l pliw' V 1. tofloat(intheair). 2. tobeblown,

    tJSJntJSJ"1, tJ~"1tJiil n plugpl~m', pl~mpllig' q 9

    1. to

    carried by the wind.


    1 'l.JtJ ~ 'l
    ~
    I

    force (someone) by wrestling; to attack with force N handbill, leaflet. (and with intent to rape, rob). 2. idiom. to try hard, exert oneself; to strive with utmost effort .
    tJSJntJ'W plugpan' V to stir up, incite, arouse (esp.
    9

    ( 1 'lJ) bajpliw' (baj')

    tJ Sl 1 'l O'W pliw'w~n' V to be blown about, be float-

    ing in the air in great numbers.

    tJ~

    t9J

    tJ~, ~'l) pliil (plii', hila') N 1. spathe.

    .1-

    2. spadix or flower cluster (of the banana tree). 3. a prominent muscular mass such as the calf of the human leg.

    in connection with crime, wrongdoing).


    tJ 6l n pluug' q)

    v 1. to plant, cultivate (plants, friend-

    ship). 2. to construct, build, erect. 3. short for


    tJ 6l n ~~ qJ

    bbiiintJ~ thg'plii' V (a plant) to put forth its


    spadix or flower cluster, (the panicle) to break through its spathe.

    tJiiln~.
    qJ

    pluug'fi1TI' V 1. to marry off, establish

    (a person). 2. to cultivate, plant, establish

    314
    (in the mind).
    L"l'IJ lt~ l~Ll 'HJ
    c;
    V

    q,; I

    cebkh~j/d~jpuaj/ V e 1 a b. e 1 eg.

    '\.Jr~n~~--~1'ef pluugflil, pluugflidaad"


    'II

    1. to
    I

    to get sick.
    '\.J 1 fJ n 1 S puajkaan" V to be no use, in vain, for

    vaccinate (against smallpox). 2. to be vaccinated.


    IJ'
    'II

    n 1 ~-- smallpox vaccination.

    nothing.
    I I

    '\.Ji.'ln l:w~rw pluug"m~jkh~" can't grow (it); (it)

    o FI1'LI 'J fJ n 1 ~

    kh~a"puajkaan"

    N e 1 e g. fee, ser-

    won't grow, can't be grown.

    vice charge, commission.

    "' '\.Ji.'l n 61 S1 ~
    'II
    I

    pluug"s~an"
    "'

    V to build, construct.

    ~'JfJ1;
    I
    ~

    puajkh.1j/ V eleg. to be sick, ill.


    C::

    f11~-

    o ~~'\.JI.'lf161S1~ sln"pluugs~au" N a construction,


    'II

    being sick; sickness, illness.


    I

    anything constructed .
    .W'lf'\.J i.'l n ph9Ydpluug" N cultivated plant.
    'II

    '\.J'JfJ L"l'IJ

    L"l'IJ'Li'J fJ puajceb/, cebpuaj/

    to be sick,

    ill.

    n1 s--

    sickness, illness, being sick.

    L'W1~'\.Ji.'lf1
    'II

    ph:S'?pliiug" V to cultivate (land, plants).

    FI'J1:W--

    sickness, illness. to have a fever, be siCk

    n 1 ~-- cultivation.
    '\.J 1 n in '\.J 'J n LiJ fJ n

    ~'J fJ L1J~ l; puaj/penkh~V


    with fever.

    piiagplag" V 1. to be weak. 2.

    to be limp (lacking firmness, stiffness).


    '\.J 'J
    ~

    ~ 'J tJ LD~ L~ Fl
    I

    puaj/penri'Jog" to have a disease, be

    puau" Nm all, entire. thaupuau" com. all, (of) every kind, (of) --Cf. also 'l'1 nrw, 'l'1 ~ ~ eJ
    a:; a:; a:; a:; a:;
    ~,
    '

    afflicted with a disease.


    l.'l1'LI 1 fJ laapuaj/ V to request or take sick leave.
    I

    'I'Hu'J~

    I; , I

    every description.
    a:; a:; a:; ..,

    ~ 1 fJ'\.J

    1 fJ M.ajpuaV V to recover, get well.

    'l'l~L'W 1 'l'l~:W'Ji.'l,'l'l~~~.'l'l~~:W~,'l'l~~i.'l1fJ.
    '\.J 'J ~ 'lf~ puauchon" writ. every one, all the peo-

    tJA611i11, tJr.i61wJ

    '

    domestic animals.

    '

    ( rl1) pasusad" (tua")

    N eleg.

    ple.
    '\.J'J~

    tJ eJ poo" N hemp.

    puad" V 1. to ache. 2. to be in pain.

    --Syn.

    LL:Wi.'l ~tJeJ

    ( rl'J) maleeupoo" (tua") LL:W ~tJ eJ colloq.

    N dragonfly.

    "' Pl'IJ.
    L~'U'\.J 'J ~ cebpuad/ V 1. to be painful, to hurt.

    -+Also

    tJeJn poog" V to peel, pare, shell. tJ eJ f1 i.'l eJ n poogl5og/

    2. to be in pain.
    '\.J 'J ~'118
    ~

    Fl 'J 1 :W - -

    pain, painfulhes s.

    to defraud, fleece, skin,

    puadth:Son" V to have a stomach ache,

    clean (someone) out by pretending love, friendship, interest.


    1

    a bellyache.
    '\.J 'J lil'l~ puadfan/ V to have a toothache.
    '\.J'J~:W'J~

    ~tJ eJ f1

    ( 1'IJ, yj eJ

    f1 f1) kbajp:Jog" (baj/, bon". lQug")


    'II

    puadmuan" V to have a colic, a fitful

    N boiled eggs with shells removed.


    tJeJn eJ eJn p:Jog::: ... ?oog" to peel (skin, etc.) off. tJeJ
    ~

    pain in the abdomen .

    ..,

    '\.J 1 ~ S 1 'J puadniaw" V 1. to have a splitting pain.

    poon" V 1. to intend. 2. to aim to get.

    2. to ache (as though) splitting.

    tJ eJ ~ S 1 fJ poon nia j / V to intend harm; to determine

    '\.J'J~A~'ef~ puad"slisa?/ V eleg. to have a headache. -+Syn. Ll'J~~'J


    I

    to do harm.
    tJ eJ
    ~ p~n"*

    com.

    V l. to bulge, protrude.

    2. to be protu-

    Ll 1 ~ '!tl&i' ~ puadlau" V to have a backache.

    berant, protruding, bulging out.


    LL:Wi.'l ~tJeJ i
    I

    Ll'J~~'J puadhua" V com. tohaveaheadache.

    ( rl'l) maleq)pou" (tua")


    I

    N scorpion.

    ~ 'J~ in J~~ 1~

    panpuan" V 1. to be confused,
    tJ eJ 1

    --Also
    P~U "*

    LL:W ~tJ eJ i co 11 o q.
    V to protect, guard, cover up.

    agitated, in a state of confusion, in turmoil. 2. to be unstable and fluctuating. Fl 'l 1 :W - chaos,

    tJeJ~n~ p~nkan"

    1. to protect, defend.

    2. to

    disorder, unrest, agitation, turmoil.


    '\.J~Ll'J~l"l panpuan"caj/ V (the mind) to be in
    J.,
    I

    take a preventive measure.

    f11 S-- defense,

    .., ..,

    protection; prevention (of disease, crime) .

    ..,

    turmoil.

    tJeJ itJ~ p~upad" V to ward off (e.g. blows, danger).


    tJeJ~~ p~nhuu"
    'II

    J'J~LDfJ~

    pllanptan" V colloq. to stay close to,

    V to put one's hand to one's ear

    hang around.

    in order to hear better.

    ~'JfJ

    puaV V eleg. to be sick, ill.

    --Dist.

    L1J~1;.

    tJ~JeJ i pldp~n"

    V to defend, guard; to cover up

    315
    in defense, protect by covering .
    1i 1 S" - -

    ..,

    collision, clash, crash.

    LJ eJ A ( 'IJ 1 ~ , LJ eJ A) p~::>d' N 1. lung, the lungs

    1i1S"Ll:::rl::::rl'W kaan'-patha?lkan N 1. clash. 2.

    (kha.au', po::>d'). V 2. to be flattened. to be scared, to flinch.


    l.JeJA'U'J:W p~::>dbuam' N pneumonia.

    2. slang

    military engagement.
    LbS ~l.J::::'tl::::

    reeu'patha?t N force of impact.

    LSFl-- idem. LJ::::rl::::Ll:::rl~ patha~?lpathau' V colloq. 1. to sustain,

    LlJ'WLJ eJ A'U 'd :W penp~::>dbuam' to have pneumonia.


    p~::>d'b::>jl

    keep from falling.


    0

    2. to alleviate temporarily. n::>uth5::JU 1 :::

    LleJA~eJtJ

    V 1. slang to be timorous,

    s eJ

    ~;eJ ~'V'leJLJ:::'tl::::LJ:::'tl~ Fl d 1:WVJ'd 1L.Jn eJ'W

    faint- hearted. 2. to be scared out of one's wits.


    LleJA b~tJ p~::>d'sia' idem.

    ph::>::>patha? 'pathau'- khwaamhlw'pajk~::>n' to have a snack just to alleviate one's hunger temporarily.
    '\J::::'tl pathu?l V 1. to burst, explode. 2. to break out.
    q

    B-11 tJ LJ eJ A phiiajpo::>d' V to administer artificial respiration.

    ;&'

    Ls ALl eJ A

    relogp~::>d' N lung disease.


    plagp::>::>n' V to be soaked,

    LJ::: '1q1'/J'W pathli? 'kh9n' V to pop, explode.

    LJ eJ'W in L'iJ EJ 1i LJ eJ'W

    tJ ::::LJ'W pa?pon' V 1. to mix, mingle, combine, intermingle, mix up. 2. to be mixed, intermingled. 3. to be shared (in use by several people). . -+See Ll'W

    drenched, completely wet.


    LJ eJ'W p::'l::>n' V 1. to feed (to the mouth). 2. to supply. LJ eJ'WA p::>::>n' C 1. pound. 2. elf. for a loaf of bread

    ..,
    LJ eJ:W

    (i.e. a pound). [f. Eng.]


    0J

    '\J::::tJ~ in

    as:::LJ::::tJ~ q

    (eJll1~) thllra?tpa?pau' (jaau')

    (VI~~, bbVI~) p::'lm'* (lau'. htu') N fortifica-

    N co 11 o q. business, work to be done, things that keep one busy.


    '\J:::: f1

    ..,
    v

    tion .

    l.JeJ:Wli(1S'J"i p5m'tamruad' N police booth. LJ eJ :wil'W ( ~ 0 1) p5mbin' (lam')

    (VI~~ ) param' (lllu') N pavilion, temporary


    shelter built for a special occasion.

    N superfortress,
    I

    flying fortress.

    LJ:::1s paraj'. Shortfor


    I

    L~'W1S q.v.

    0'eJ :w'lJ'W n ~ ( 0'eJ :w, Lb ~ ~ )


    b:WeJ~l.JeJ:W

    p::'lm'pyynkon' (p5m 1, htu')

    LJ::-;Lb~:W

    in

    Vl'd1'Wll:::bb~:W

    '1

    waan'-paltm'pal~m'*

    N pillbox; machine gun nest.

    to be slightly sweet.

    "'

    ..,

    myaup::'lm' N fortress.

    tYn

    pag' V 1. to stick in, insert. 2. to embroider. 3. to be embroidered.


    'IJ 'd AtJn AeJ n1;

    LJ eJ:W

    ll

    p5ml* V to be spherical, rounded.

    t.JeJLI p::>::>j' C lock, tuft, bunch (e.g. of hair). t.J::::


    0J

    ('b.J , ~ n) 'U

    khuad'pagdo::>gmaaV (bajl,

    pa?/ V to patch, mend (e.g. clothing).


    ( s eJtJ) o::>jpa?t (D::>j')

    lfiug')

    N flower vase. pagkheed'

    s eJtJLJ::::
    Ll::::
    l-'l

    N patch. ->Chiefly in

    tYn L'~ lillil

    to set a boundary.

    pa?l V to meet, encounter. _,.S y n.


    'V'l'U

    tTn1&~ pagcaj' V to set one's mind, fix one's mind.

    compounds.

    'V'l'Ul.J:::: ph6bpa?' V to meet, encounter.


    V~'ULJ:::

    1Tn Ao1 1Tn B-!:W

    pag'dam' V to transplant (young rice plants). pagphom' V to stick in the hair.

    {;jlJ'tl'W 1 ph6bpa?lsonthanaa' to meet and

    tJfiVI~fi paglag 1 V 1. to drive a post or stake. 2.


    colloq. to dig in, settle down. o 'WfitJnmi"'n
    ( rl'd) n6gpaglag' (tua')

    converse.
    Ll::::li 1 S~ pakaa'rau' N coral.

    N kingfisher.

    rl'JLJ:::1i1S~
    polyps.
    VJ'Wl.J:::fl1 S~
    ~

    (rl'd) tua'-pakaa'rau' (tua 1 ) N coral

    tYw0'J
    ~
    Q./

    paghlia' V to dive, plunge head first.


    cV

    q_..

    LlJ'U'lJfl blfl s eJ LJ jebpag'thagr5::>j'

    1. to do needle-

    hln 1

    -pakaa'rau' N coral rock.

    work. N 2. needlework.

    LJ:::IilA'U::::IileJ patid 1 pa6::>' V elab. colloq. to piece

    ~ ~ Vl~fl tYn n

    loulag'pagr.ag' V e 1 a b.

    to lay

    together, put two and two together. -+Cf. ~A li1 eJ

    the foundation.
    tJfl
    ~

    LJ::-;~'J in 'Bll:::~'J

    ..,

    khiipatlw' V colloq. to be little,

    small (in value), trifling, insignificant.


    Ll::::'tl::: patha?t V 1. to collide; to clash. 2. to en-

    .., tJ fl btJ 1 , tJ ~ 1-- ( li1 'd ) pagp.w'. plaa'pagp.w' (tua')


    ~

    fi ~
    I

    ..,

    pagklu' pN Peking. [f. Chin.] ->See

    tYn L'V'l 'I

    N globefish (Tetraodontidae).
    Q...'

    Q..l

    counter and assault; to attack. 3. to strike.

    'd 1 'Jll fl btJ 1 ( li1 'd) w.wlpagp.w' (tua') N a small

    316

    diamond-shaped kite with a long tail (called the female). -Cf.


    'J 1 'J ~'W 1
    '

    tT~ ~WJEJ padchim'mawajl N 1 it. old age, the


    final period of life .

    tTn b;~ pagpheu'* pN Peiping. [f. Chin.] tTn.; pag' N 1. section, part. 2. fortnight.

    tJbl!~- pan'ca::; combining form meaning "five."


    -Only -Also
    L'Ubl!~-.

    'l.h
    <V

    . ~ ~1tTn pracam'pag'
    in special compounds.
    '!!}
    .. ..,

    -c o m p.

    1.

    Jl1 F1 .

    1Tbl!bl! 1 panjaa' N wisdom; (acquired) knowledge,

    fortnightly.

    intelligence.

    tJn'l!}11il pagta.ajl N the south, the southern part

    ~l.l0'bl!bl!1 con'panjaa' V co 11 o q. to be at one's


    wit's end; to have run out of ideas (in trying to figure something out).

    (of the country) .


    tJn'l!}b'Hi!eJ pagnya' N the north, the northern part

    . ~ 1EJtJn'l!} raajpag'
    ,r~
    I

    (of the country) . fortnightly, every two weeks.


    ._, .-

    'H~Iil11'bl!bl!1 mod'panjaa'
    0'bl!'H1 ( 0'bl!'H1, 'tJ eJ)

    to be at one's wit's end. N 1.

    panMa' (panMa', kh~::J')

    in 'VlUJtJ.!l

    ( bbf!..ll.l, Vl.l, tJ e:Jl.llil)

    khan?>mpau' N

    problem, question (matter for discussion or investigation). 2. riddle, puzzle. 3. point (of law, of fact). o 0'bl!'H1 bn 1'H~ panhi'l.a'kawlii' N the Korean question; the Korean problem.
    '-'..,

    bread (phtn' for a slice; chfn' for a piece; p:xm' for a loaf). [ tJ~ f. Port.]
    z, tJ 'l U'
    I

    rM intensifier used with ~Iii "fit," and


    I

    bbl.ll.l "tight, crowded." tJ ~ ~ EJ ( eJ EJ 1 ~) padcajl (jaau')


    ""' .v

    N e 1 e g. 1. cause,

    untlbl!'H1 kte'panhaal

    to solve a problem, solve

    factor, means. 2. requisite, necessary thing.

    a riddle.
    illl0'bl!'H1 tad 1 panhi'l.a' V to eliminate a problem . tlbl!'H1 b S eJ S ~ panhi'l.a'ryarau' N chronic problem.
    1~~1Jbl!'H1 ma.jmii'panhaa' 1. without question;
    I"',"(.
    Q..l

    utT~~EJ catu?lpadcajl N lit.,eleg. thefour

    requisites for maintaining the comfort of a Buddhist priest, viz., food, shelter, clothing and drugs.

    J-'

    Q.,/

    doubtless, no doubt. 2. there is no question (about it).


    eJ tJ 1 ~- - unquestionably, doubtlessly .

    tJ~ ~'tTl.! padcuban' N 1. the present. 2. at present,

    now, nowadays.
    n 1 ~tJ~ ~'tJl.l"t'W 1'\J 1 ~ kaan'-padcuban'phajaabaanl

    'H~fl0'bl!'H1 mod'panhaa'

    to be rid of a problem;

    to free (oneself) from a vexing problem; a problem to be taken care of, solved.
    0'1il ~ pad' V 1. to brush away, brush off (with a brisk

    N first aid.
    1utT, ~'tTl.! najpadcuban' at present, now.
    tJ~~'Ul.l'Yll.llil'Jl.l
    ""' iLJ'

    oJ

    padcuban'thanduan' suddenly,
    .J

    motion), whisk off. 2. to wipe, dust off. 3. to pushaway,wardoff.


    Q..l '-'
    Q..l

    urgently, abruptly.

    -Dist. bVIIl,tl111l. N wind-

    Lbf!.Jl.ltJ~ ,'t)l.l phEen'padcuban' N 1. new plan,

    'Yltllill.l.1i'Jl.l (ell.!) thtipad'namf0n 1 (?an')

    modern plan. 2. (as n. mod.) modern, of the modern type .


    . . .., <V

    shield -wiper.
    'Ue:Jn11'11l b:J::Jgpad' V colloq. to turn down, refuse. tleJ i0'1il p~upad' V to ward off (e.g. blows, danger). tJIIln 'J 11il'U 1l.l padkwaad'ba.an' V to clean house,

    Lb~'Ylr!tl~~'Ul.l

    (l.l1El,Fll.l) pMed'padcuban' (naajl,

    khon')

    N modern doctor.
    ( '11iJIIl) r6og'padcuban' (chanfd')

    Ls FltJ~ ~'tTl.!

    N
    <V

    i.e. to dust and sweep .


    ,}'

    sudden illness (sometimes one which causes immediate death).

    tJ Ill 'l.ll.l pad' kh1n' V mat h. to raise a fraction to

    the next whole number.


    0'Ill b 1 padpaw' V to ward off, dispel, clear up

    ~~,Y~ ~'\Jl.l lom'padcuban' N a sudden stroke,

    attack (of illness).

    (a problem).
    0'1i1Jl.l padfun' V to dust, dust off.
    9

    ~ii'EJ1J'~ ,,rl.l sama.jlpadcuban' N modern times,

    the present time.

    11'1il

    lfl

    pact' in ~mrlil
    'U

    lOugpad' N glass beads.

    11'~. ~~. Bound stem meaning "after, later, last." tJ~ ~~~Iii padchlm'lfkhld' N postscript.
    -+Abbrev. tJ ~

    0'1i11i11tJ padtaaniil pN Pattani, inS Thailand. 0'u pan' V to share, divide into shares. 0'l.lf!.J ~ panph?>n' V to share the profits.

    317
    o l
    ~

    'lJ1

    hnJ\u.J ~
    I

    tFm'panpMn' dividend (given to a


    '(I
    I

    shareholder).
    'lJtH1 'J 'W pansuan' V to ration.
    J_,

    'l 1 -1 'IJ 1 khw~au'paa' V to throw, hurl (at).


    ( ll'IH) paa' (hen')

    ...

    move unexpectedly fast (as of time, money) .

    'LJ1

    N 1. forest, woods. 2. thicket.

    'lJ'W pan' V 1. to spin (something). 2. to become

    3. meadow. 4. (as n. mod.) forest; wild, savage.


    fi'W-- (see below). 1J1'W.

    confused, be in a tizzy. 3. colloq. to do rapidly, fast. b fl S eJ ~-d

    -+S y n. 1.
    d

    til~

    -+Ant. 4.
    I
    I

    instrument for spinning,

    NOTE. In the meaning "wild" 'IJ1 is


    d

    turning, churning (something); blender, homogenizer.


    J_,

    sometimes coupled with Lbl el'W below.

    See 'lJ 1 Lbl el'W

    'lJ~n'lJ'W
    9

    plugpan' V to stir up, incite, arouse

    1n~1 Ol'l)
    V
    I

    kajpaa' (tua')

    N wildfowl. V elab. colloq.

    (esp. in connection with crime, wrongdoing).


    l~

    L'(J1'lJ1L'(J11il~

    kh~wpaa'kha.wdou'

    'IJ'WSJnStJ1'W panlcagkrajaan' colloq. to ride a

    to go into the jungle (used esp. in a fig. sense, i.e. to get away from it all).

    bicycle (rapidly).
    J_,
    I

    'IJ'W'IJ'J'W panpuan' V 1. to be confused, agitated,

    1;~1 kh~jpaa'
    "' lI

    N colloq. malaria. -+Syn.

    in a state of confusion, turmoil. 2. to be unstable and fluctuating.


    J_,
    I

    1'(J~LJ61'W eleg.
    fi'W'IJ 1 ( fi'W) khonpaa' (khon')

    fl'l 1:W-- chaos, disor-

    savage, barbarian;
    V
    I

    der, unrest, turmoiL agitation. o 'IJ'W'IJ'J'Wb'l panpuan'cajl V (the mind) to be in turmoil.


    ll...
    ~

    primitive, uncivilized people. -+Cf. V1 'l'U 1'W'lJ 1.


    l 'l1'lJ 1 ( eJ ~ fl) c~awpaa' (?o:u')

    "'

    '

    "'

    N spirit guardian

    of a forest.
    .._, I

    'IJ'We.J 1 tJ panf~ajl V to spin cotton yarn. 'IJ'W'VI'l panhua' V to work on someone to change

    'd1 'Jl.J 1'W'IJ 1 chaawManpaal N a person living in


    I

    the wilds, e.g. a hunter. -+Cf. fi'W'IJ 1.


    I I

    his views or to incite him to action.


    Lf'W

    'IJ1SJ1n {UVI~) paacaag'(hf::u')

    thicketofnipa

    p~n'
    etc.).
    d

    V to mold (e.g. things of clay, plaster,


    I

    palms.

    ~ 1 '111)
    V

    paa'cMd' N jungle, deep forest.


    I

    l fl s eJ ~ LJ'W lil'W l f.J 1 ware.

    ~"'

    khr9aup~n' dinpMw'

    N earthen-

    'lJ 1'1i1
    I "'

    ( ll'VI~)
    I

    paacMal (hf::u')

    N cemetery.

    'IJ11il~lill.J

    ( Ll'VI~)
    I

    paaldo:udlbl (hf::u') N tropical

    <tJ1-1J'W ( fi'W) cMaun' (khon') . N modeller


    I

    evergreen forest.
    'IJ1Lllil~
    I

    (one who molds clay, plaster, etc.).

    ( ll'VI~) paadeeu' (h'tu')

    N deciduous forest.

    Lf'WJ1b~'Wiil'l p~nnaam'pentua'
    Lf'W~ ~ p~np)ru'
    (someone).
    s'lJLf'W
    'II

    idiom. to make

    'IJ 1 Lblel'W paalthyanl V to be barbaric, barbarous,

    up a story out of whole cloth, fabricate a lie. V to be haughtily indifferent to


    I

    savage, primitive, uncivilized. fi'W--

    savage,
    eJ tJ 1 ~-

    barbarian; primitive, uncivilized people. primitively, in an uncivilized manner.


    dl

    ( S'IJ)
    'II

    r11ubp~n1

    N molded figure, molded

    'lJ TYJ'U

    ( Ll Wl )

    paa'thyb' (ht:u')

    N dense jungle. N timber

    statue, figurine.
    'VI:W1t.J:W'Wl.J'W:Wel
    l-

    ~ 11~ ( ~ 1, Ll~~)
    v

    paamaajl (paa', he:u')


    I

    ~ "'

    maajm~n'p~nmyy'

    elab.
    I

    forest.
    'lJ 1 ~n in
    I I

    n 1 s-- forestry.
    ll:W'W"1'lJ 1 ~n mtenaampaasag' pN the
    IV

    colloq. 1. to resolve, have a strong determination (to do something). 2. to anticipate strongly.


    Lf'W l!:i in n"1Lf'W ( el'W)

    Pasak River.
    'lJ 161 ~
    'II
    "'I

    'IJ:w pam' N 1. pump. V 2. to pump. [f. Eng.] 1T61611'J:;:: pasaawa?l, padsaawa?l N eleg. 1. urine.
    I
    ~

    kampa.nt (?an')

    N fist.

    ( ll VI~ ) paasilu:u' (he:u')

    N tall forest, esp.

    of tall trees as found in the highlands.


    f.J'IJ 1
    I

    ( III'W)

    phlipaa' (ton')

    N forest demon. N wildcat, leopard

    V 2. to urinate. -+Syn.
    bt.Jt.J'l
    d

    -Also 2. bl1t.J'IJ61611'J:;::.

    ll:W'l'IJ1

    ( rl'l)

    meewpaa' (tual)

    com.,vulg.
    I

    cat.
    I

    n S:;:: L'l'l1:;::LJ61611 'l:;::

    ( n S:;:: L'l'l1:;::)

    kraph:)?lpadsaa:::::

    ~ :W'IJ 1
    <V

    ltlmpaa' V to deforest.
    <V

    cr' I

    wa?l (kraph:)?l)
    'LJ1

    N eleg. urinary bladder.

    61111 'J'IJ 1 ( 111 'l)

    sadpaa' (tua')

    N wild animal,

    paa' V 1. to throw, toss at. 2. colloq. to

    forest animal.

    'lJ1
    ov
    I

    318

    Gi'WtJ'lJ1 q
    I

    (i'J) sunag'paa' (tua')

    N eleg. wolf.

    o !ilnJ1nn1 o 'W1UU'1f1f1'1 pen name.


    J

    (!il'J) tua'paagkaa' (tua')


    ('W1~)

    N penpoint. N

    Vl~1'lJ1 (iJ) mAapaa' (tua') N com. wolf.


    Vlu U 1 b ~fl'W huupaa taathyan' V e 1 a b. co 11 o q.
    y

    naam'paagkaa' (naam')
    ""

    .:

    '

    to be ignorant of what is going on, of what is happening.


    I

    o tJ 1 n n 1 ~ n ~'W ( 1711 ~, eJ'W)


    ~

    ..,

    paagkaa'lOugl9yn'

    (d.1am', ?an')

    N ball point pen.

    ~1'lJ1

    haapaal (a group of people) to laugh and

    o 'lJ1n n 1Vl~noTI~ ( 1711~, eJ'W) paagkaa'mygsym' (d.1am', ?an')


    tJiflbb'IJ~

    hoot, give a roar of laughter (i.e. to give a loud

    N fountain pen.

    ..,

    "ha," indicating either amusement or derision). N 1. elder aunt (older sister

    '"

    paag'khtu' V 1. to be argumentative .

    'lJ 1 ( A'W) p~a' (khon')

    2. to be unwilling to tell or admit, to be tightlipped.


    'lJ 1 n A~ eJ ~ paagkhb:JU' N entrance to a canal. 'lJ 1 n Fi''W paag'khan'

    of father or mother). P 2. you, Auntie (sp. to elder aunt or other older woman); she, her, Auntie (sp. of elder aunt); I, me, Auntie (elder aunt or older woman sp. to nephew, niece, or other ygr. person). T 3. Aunt -- (ref. to elder aunt or other older woman). -+0 p p. -+Dist.
    J1Gi::: el1,'W1.
    ~ ~

    to be loose-tongued.

    i..J'1f1Ao1 paagkham' N 1. spoken word, words.

    2. testimony, statement. ' o liHJtJ 1 n Ao1 fJ:Jipaagkhaml 1. to talk back, argue back and forth. 2. to have words (with someone).

    1; (A'W)

    p~a'sapMV

    (khon')

    N wife of

    o 1;'lJ'1f1Ao1 Mj/paagkham' to testify, give testimony, make a statement.


    i..J1f1Fl'U (eJ'W) paagkhtib' (?an')

    elder uncle, elder aunt-in-law.


    'lJ '1 n ( 'lJ 1 n ) p~agl (paag')

    N 1. mouth, beak, lips.

    N forceps.

    2. orifice. C 3. elf. for mouths, cast nets. -+Syn. 1.


    :11

    i..J'1f1~171 paagcad' V to have a sharp tongue, be


    sharp-tongued, sarcastic, given to giving a tougue-lashing.
    I I I

    'WS":::h~{'

    roy.,

    h~{

    lit.

    'IJ'lJ 1 n khtipaag' N 1. co 11 o q. gossip, idle talk.

    2. the parroting of another's words. 3. a victim of gossip.


    Fi''W'lJ 1 n khanpaag'

    tJ 1 n 'lieJ ~

    ( bbVl ~,'lie!~) paagcMu' (htu'. eMu')

    entrance to a passageway.

    co 11 o q. to be itching to

    tJ1n~ paag'diil V to have a loose tongue. Lit.,


    "fine-mouthed"; hence used ironically.
    I

    say something.

    "' Gl'lJ1n cu?paag' v to tut, go "tch, tch!"


    ~171'lJ'1n tldpaag' V to be addicted to the use of

    '

    i..J1f1~'W'W

    (bbVl~)

    paag'thanOn' (hE.u')

    N entrance

    to a road, street.
    'lJ1f1't1'1~

    a certain word or expression.


    bl11~'lJ1n

    paagthaau' N the beginning of a way,

    tempaag' idiom. freely, without qualms, o

    passage, or route.

    without restraint (of speaking).


    't11'lJ '1 n thaapaag' V to put on lipstick, apply

    b~eJ~i..J1f1'111~ myau'paagthaau' N townlocated


    at the beginning of a route .
    ._, I

    ..,

    lipstick .

    'lJ1f1'Wo'1

    (lbVl~) paagmiam' (btu')

    N 1. mouth of

    'U 'J'W'lJ 1 n bt1anpaag' V to rinse the mouth. 'lJ ~ 'lJ 1 n pri ?paag' V 1. to open one's mouth (to

    a river; estuary. pN 2. Paknam, colloquial name for


    Gi~'l'l

    speak). 2. to utter.
    'lJ'1nns:::'UeJn paagkrab:J::1g' N muzzle (of firearms) 'lJ 1 n n ~ 1
    paagkl~a'

    the mouth of the Chaophaya R.


    I"' bb~'Wo1 paag'm~en<iam'.

    '

    s-tJ :l'1 n '1 S Samutprakan, a township at

    -+Also 1. tJ 1 n

    V 1. to use bold, strong words.

    tJ 1 mt11 'W paagnaamphoo' pN Paknampho, colloquial


    .-

    2. to be fresh (in talking).


    'lJ1nn1
    (171'1~,111'J,tJ1n)

    ..,

    name for 'WAs- Gi 'J S SA inC Thailand.

    Nakhqn Sa wan, a township

    ""

    paagkaa' N 1. pen

    (d~am'). 2. pen-point (tua')(short for i'JtJ1n

    tJ '1 fl'U eJ'W paagb:J:Jn' V colloq.

    to be a blabber-

    n1). 3. crow's beak (paag'). .., ..,


    o 1711~i..J1f1f11 penholder.
    (1711~) d~am 1 paagkaa 1 (d~am')

    mouth, tale- bearer, tattler . N


    tJ 1 n btJ s 1::;
    paagpr~?'

    V 1. to be ever ready to

    greet. 2. to be ever ready to criticize. 3. (a

    319
    dog) to be ever ready to bark (i.e. unnecessarily).
    1

    something).
    eJ Ttl 111 ?~apaag' V to open one's mouth, to gape.
    I

    "'

    tl1f1btl~1 paagplaaw' sV orally.

    beJfJtl1f1 ?8djpaag' V tostarttoutter,tobegin

    tl1f1 boUfJf1tl1f1bbfM::; paagpiag'paagcht?l V colloq.

    speaking.
    tJ 1 ~
    0l

    to talk oneself blue in the face, i.e. to keep telling, instructing, advising, admonishing.
    tJ 1 f1bb:J-J'!l1 ( bb'Vl~ , tJ 1 f1) paag'm~waam' (ht:g',
    I~

    paa:g 1 C 1. time, period, epoch. 2. the time

    when, when.
    tJ 1 ~
    il

    paa:gl AA almost, close to, nearly. --+Syn.


    "~

    paag')

    N the mouth of a river; estuary.

    b"' n eJ'\J ,
    0'

    1 'W , u'11'\.J
    I

    -Also tJ 1 f1'll1.
    tJ 1 f1 b ~ fJ ~ paagsia:g' N spokesman, mouthpiece. bt'J'W'll1f1 b~fJ~ penpaag'sla:u' V 1. idiom.

    "'

    tJ 1fi'V!1 rtJ

    ( J tJ 1 ~ ) paa'tlMan' (jaa:g')

    N miracle;

    magic.
    tJ 13 f1 ( Fl'W)
    d

    paa'thbg' (khon') N lecturer, speaker. N 1. lec-

    to be a spokesman, a mouthpiece (for). 2. co 11 o q. to have an argument (with).


    tl1f1Vl'J1'W paagwi1an' V 1. to speak nicely, throw

    tJ 13 f1 1J1

    ( b ~ eJ ~) paa'tba.katMa' (r9a:u')

    ture, speech. V 2. to lecture, make a speech.


    bbG1 A~ tJ 13 n 1J1 sadee:g'paa'thakathi1a' V to lecture,

    bouquets (at someone). 2. to be suave, smoothtongued; to be a sweet talker.


    tl1f1 bVltJfJ'Jtl1f1f11 paagjiaw'paagkaa' N idiom.
    d

    give a lecture, make a speech.


    VleJ~tl1_2nm (Vlel~)

    "'

    h~:g'paa'thakatMa' (h~:u')

    N lecture room or auditorium.


    tJ 1 A paad' V 1. to smooth and level off, make smooth

    danger, peril, hardship.


    I

    tJ 1 flbb'Vl'J ~ paagwf:::u' V to have a harelip.

    and level (with the edge of a blade, ruler, or other long object). 2. to push together and sweep off with the long edge of something, wipe off (food from a plate, with the length of one's finger). -+Dist.
    I

    ~'Jtl1f1 phiwpaag' V to whistle. ~tJ 1 n flipaag' N verbal skill, oratory skill.


    o ~~tJ 111 tiilfiipaag' V to argue wittily; to wisecrack. o fJ 'J A~tJ 1 f1 ?uadlfiipaag' V to show cleverness of verbal expression. "' :J-J:J-Jtl 1 f1 ( "lJ 1 ~ ) mumpaag' (kMa:g') 9 the mouth.
    tl1'W tJ 1'W

    b'IIA,tJA.

    0l

    (Lb'Vl~)

    paan' (hf:::g')

    N birthmark.

    il

    paan' C 1. extent. 2. (to this or that) extent;

    N corner of

    like, as. V 3. to be like, comparable to (esp. in tJ 1'Wrl'W below).

    "' b:J-J:J-Jtl1f1 mempaag'

    to fold or pull one's lips

    tJ 1 'W f1 ~ 1 'l paanklaa:g I

    1. moderately, in a moderate

    inward and compress them.


    S'Utl 1 f1 nibpaag' V to agree (to), commit oneself

    degree. 2. (as n. mod.) moderate; average.


    tJ 1'Wrl'W paanlkan to be comparable, about the same. tl1'W9l:::'W paan'chanfil this much, to this extent. tJ 1'W'W paan'nfil to this extent, as (e.g. beautiful)
    :!;' :!;'

    (to) (verbally).

    ~:J-J~tl1f1 rim'fiipaag' N lip.


    S1 :J-Jtl 1 n lompaag' N 1. co 11 o q. words; speech.

    as this, like this.


    tl1'WlA paandajl no matter how much, however

    2. idiom. the power of speech, the effect of words.


    ~'Wtl1f1
    L
    I

    much; to whatever extent. V 1. to commit oneself, give


    L

    l~npaag'

    tJ 1'W

    0l

    paan' N 1. ramie. 2. hemp. 3. flax.


    (l'U) kras:':l::>b'paan' (bajl) gunny

    one's word. 2. to say, speak, declare. --+S yn.


    L " ~'WF11

    f1~::;G1eJ'\JJ1'W
    I I

    com.,

    S1'W'J1"11 eleg. tJ 1'W

    sack, jute bag.

    Vlb\!1'll1f1Flelf1 j~a'paagkh~::>g' idiom. easy, obvi-

    il

    in tJ 1'W'W paannfi' by this time, by now.


    G1'J1tl1:J-J sawi1alpaam' V slang to eat,

    ous; so familiar as to remain unnoticed: "the grass (by) the barn door."

    tl1:J..J in
    I

    eat greedily.
    0

    eJ eJ n tJ 1 n ?~::>gpaag' v

    ll

    q. to utter' speak

    tJ 1 tJ paaj' V 1. to climb. 2. to cast or swing (the

    up; to mention, say, speak of. o flflf1'll1f1"1Jfl


    ?~::>gpaag'kh~b'

    legs) onto. --+Syn. 1.

    tl'W.

    V to ask (for

    oU'WJ 1 tJ piinpaaj' V to climb, clamber.

    320
    't11t.l ( LL!!.l'W)
    "-' " I

    ~V

    (phen')
    I

    N 1. poster, sign,

    close.

    placard, bill. 2. label, tag.


    "-'

    il~;eJJ.J

    pld'l5om' V to blockade, block off by

    't11t.llW~HI ('t11t.l ,LL!!J'W)

    pAajl'judr6d' (pAajl',

    surrounding.

    n 1 S--

    blockade (blockading) .

    phen') N 1. bus stop placard. 2. (traffic) stop sign.

    il~LL~&JJ.Jtl.,.

    pld'satcm' to put, stick, affix, paste

    a stamp (on an envelope, in an album). to brush or wipe with a sweeping

    " 't11 tJ

    1!:1 pAajl' V

    il~ pitiU N eleg. 1. delight, gladness, joy. V 2.


    to be glad, happy, delighted. gladness, joy. -Also
    Fl 'J 1 J.J- - delight,

    motion; to paint (in a haphazard way), smear; to daub.


    't11 f!J.J paam' N palm (general term).

    i!~.
    '-11'\JLll~dle:J~'WeJ'W elab.

    PI'W--

    ( PI'W)

    'Dill

    in

    il111J1:i.J
    'II

    pltuphuum' N eleg.,lit. fatherland,

    ..,

    palm tree. [f. Eng.]


    I

    nativecountry. -Syn.

    't11 'J paaw' V to spread widely, broadcast (e.g.

    c 0110 q.
    D'W pln/ N 1. a straight pin with rounded head, some-

    news).
    I "-'

    't11 'J HH paawr5o:g' V 1. to announce, declare,

    times jewelled (used for sticking in the hair).


    2. top, head.

    proclaim. 2. co 11 o q. to circulate, spread

    ...

    (e.g. information) around.

    ...

    ;1 'JD'WLL;'J
    D'W Llll

    khllaw'plnktcw' N top quality rice. N a food car-

    tf1 in L6ltf1 cajpAm' V 1. to be generous, stouthearted, willing to take a risk. 2. to be resolute, determined.
    " +

    (1'-! ,

    Lbl1) pintoo' (bajl', tMw')

    rier, consisting of a set of containers stacked vertically and strapped together; tiffin carrier (Brit.).
    DJ.J plm' AA 1 it. almost, nearly, on the point of,

    -s y n.

    2.

    "' L~ ~

    .I L ~ tJ

    'J

    tf1 L'tl eJ pAmp~;)' V co 11 o q. to be forgetful, mixed


    up.
    il<J in

    LL~J1il<J

    mtcnaampi:g' pN the Mreping (Me

    about to.
    DJ.J ptm' AA 1 it. almost, nearly, on the point of,

    Ping), a tributary of the Chaophraya River in N Thailand. -Also

    LL~il<J.

    about to.

    D<J pt:g' V 1. to roast, bake, barbecue. 2. to toast

    i!

    pii'

    1. year. 2. years of age. NOTE. In the


    '1.1

    (bread). 3. to be roasted, baked, barbecued. 4. to be toasted.

    spoken language

    'J'-1 is used for years of age

    of children under 12-13. In the written language normally only

    'V'WJ.J1.T~D~

    khanompa:gpt:g' N toast.

    i!

    is used.

    L;1.Q<J khllwpt:g' V idiom. to be in hot water,

    NAMES OF THE TWELVE CYCLICAL YEARS

    in a tight spot.
    il<J 'tl eJ <J pi:gpo:g

    11 'iJ 'Hl
    pingpong. [f. Eng.]

    piichOad /

    1. Year of the Rat.

    '* N

    111l~ piichalilu/ 2. Year of the Ox.


    11~ 1~ piikhilan/ 3. Year of the Tiger.

    il~ pid' V 1. to close, cover, cover up. 2. to be


    closed. -Ant.

    {) 6 n1~ piith:)?/ 4. Year of the Rabbit.

    Lil~.

    U11~ L~' piimaroou/ 5. Year of the Dragon.

    tJnil~ pogpid' V to cover, cover up, conceal,

    U11~ 6 ~' piimas~u/ 6. Year of the Snake.


    U11~ 6iltJ piimamia/ 7. Year of the Horse. 1J:w~ 6611 piimam/ 8. Year of the Goat.

    keep secret.

    il~'flel ~ pidthoo:g' V to gild; to cover with gold


    leaf.

    U'l<Jn

    piiw!'l"g/ 9. Year of the Monkey.

    U~ ~n 1 piirakaa/ 10. Year of the Chicken, Cock.

    ilmJ~ pldba:g' V to hide, cover up, conceal, keep


    secret.
    ilmJeJ ~

    U"l 8

    piic""/ 11. Year of the Dog. 12. Year of the Pig.

    U~\.1 piikun/

    pldp~:g'

    V to defend, guard, protect by

    n fl1 ~i! klaa:gpii' mid-year, in the middle part of


    the year.

    covering, cover up in defense.

    il~ l'Vl pldfajl' V to turn out the lights; to turn off


    the lights, the electricity. -Syn. -Ant.
    fil'-ll'Vl.

    mail 1111 il

    tOopii' per year.

    -s y n. tl fl::; .

    taapii' "the year round," in the following

    il~ l~ L

    ;1

    Lil~l'Vl.

    expressions. can't close (it), (it) won't o J'J'W 11111i! chOanaa'taapii' e 1 a b. co 11 o q. year

    pid'm~jkMw'

    321
    in and year out, forever. o l'l1'i1l'l1'111~ taapiiltaach~ad' elab. colloq. year in and year out. ; 1 u'iJ tMajpiil N latter part the year. force). 2. any shape resembling a "V" (reminiscent of a crow in flight). 3. brace, braces, i.e. the typographical characters{}.

    1eru'\Jn

    ?oobplig' V mil it. to flank, envelop or

    'lJ s ~ ~,1'\J pracam'pii' annu~l, yearly. 'lJ ~ 1 u'iJ plaajpiil N year's end, the end of a year.

    turn the flank of.

    'iJ ~
    'iJ'W

    piitl? I

    V to be glad. -Also

    D~

    '\Jn ~ 1 rJ, b~ eJ--

    piiklaajl, m9apiiklaajl last year

    piin' V to climb, mount.

    -s y n. l ~, J 1rJ

    (the preceding year).

    'iJ'WJ 1 rJ
    past years.

    piinpaajl V to climb, clamber.

    '\Jn eJ'W piik:,::m' last year. '\Jn eJ'W 'l piilk:,::mk:,:Jn' the

    '\Ji.J~ piinau' Penang, an island off the west coast of


    the Malay peninsula.

    'iJ bnli1

    piik88d' N year of birth.

    'iJ A1 ~

    ( l'l'W)

    piisaad' (ton')

    N devil, demon; ghost. N piano. [f. Eng.]

    'iJ~~ piila:::: yearly, a year, annually. -Syn.

    'iJeJ11'W (VI~~)
    -Also

    pii?aanoo' (l~D')
    b EJ'W

    ~eJ'iJ. 'iJ ~ ~ Al~


    d
    v

    d) rJ 1'W ,

    'iJ

    1'W .

    piilakhrau I

    once a year.

    'lJn

    pyg' C elf. for a stack (of sheets of paper), a pack (of cards), a wad (of paper currency).

    o 'iJ~~VI'W~~1'Wiil'W piilanyullaan'-tanl a million tons annually.

    'iJu;'J'iJl~1 piilb.:w'piil~w'
    'iJVI~1 piin~a/ 'iJ'l VI~ piimajl
    o
    J' '

    yearafteryear.

    bc\J'W'lJn bb~'W penpyg'phen' to be firm, solid, stable. ~ ~ PYD' V to behave arrogantly, haughtily, indifferently.

    'iJu61~ piisteu' C astron. lightyear.


    N next year. N New Year.

    J'W~ ~ p~n'pY1J'
    (someone).

    V to be haughtily indifferent to

    'IJ'W'iJL Vl:l.J kh9n'piimajl to start a new year. o ~ 1'W'iJL VI~ uaanlpiimajl N New Year's festival. o 'V1 s'\J1 VI~ ph:J:Jnlpiimajl New Year blessing(s). s eJ'U'iJ r~:Jbpiil N 1. the completion of a year;
    anniversary. 2. the twelve-year cycle.
    S 1 u'iJ raajpiil annual, annually.

    d~

    PYD'

    rM intensifier used with

    bl~'W "tight."

    ~li1, ,6'1i1

    p9d', pyd'* rM intensifier used with r1'1

    "dark."

    ll'W ( n s ~'U eJ n) pyyn' (krabo:Jg') N gun. n s:: 'U eJ nll'W ( n s ~ 'U eJ n ) krabo:Jgpyyn' (krabo:Jg')
    N gun barrel.

    bl S :w'\J rennpiil for a year, for a period of years.

    n s ~ Gi'Wll'W (ITli1 , ~ n)
    ' 'U

    krasun'pyyn' (nad', lOug')


    b Fl S eJ
    d
    ~--

    l c\J'W- -

    idem.

    N 1. bullet, shell. 2. cartridge. firearms and ammunition.

    ~'d'iJ hUapii' N 1. the early part of the year. 2.


    (as n. mod.) eldest, first- born.

    n s ~ 619 'W 1'l'W 1 VI~ (iTli1 , 61 n) 'U


    lOug')

    krasi:in'pyynjajl (nad',

    (t

    611)

    pl.i' (law')

    N wind instrument (general

    N artillery shell, projectile. kajpyyn' (kajl) N trigger. N

    term).

    ln1J'W (1n)
    N Thai orchestra, consisting bayonet.

    ~VI Tl1rJ.,., piiph~adl


    bc\J'W~lc\J'W'IJ~rJ

    li11'U'll~1rJD'W ( l~:W)
    -Syn.

    daabplaajpyyn' (l@m')

    of woodwinds and percussion instruments.

    VleJn'll611rJD'W.
    N gunstock.

    niously, in united fashion.

    '

    penplilpenkhlujl idiom. harmo-

    ; 1:w1'l'W ( ; 1:W) d~ampyyn' ( d~am')


    ~'W{j'W dinpyyn' N gunpowder.

    ff'W~

    lfnplil N 1. reed (of woodwind). 2. ana t.

    1J'W n ~ ( n s ~'U eJ n)
    gun. o

    pyynkon' (krabo:Jgl)

    N machine

    xiphoid cartilage.

    .ff in
    ~

    J'W.ff ponptil

    co 11 o q. to be utterly ruined.
    r1'1

    ,jeJ:WU'Wn~ (~eJ:W, bb~~) p~m'pyynkon' (p~m',


    h'tu') N pillbox; machine gun nest. pyynkhr6g' (krabo:Jg') N

    pii' rM intensifier used with l'l1 "close the eyes,"

    "black,"

    VI61'U

    5:w

    "full (satiated)." N 1. wing.

    1'l'WAsn (ns~'UeJn)
    m i 1 it. mortar.

    '\Jn ('\Jn, ;1 ~) '\Jn n 1

    plig' (plig',

    kh~au')

    2. flank, side. pligkaa' N 1. the flank (of a military

    1J'W~eJ;eJ1n1firJ1'W (ns~'UeJn) 'U

    pyyn'-t:,:JsOul?aa::::

    kaad'sajaan' (krabo:Jg') N anti-aircraft gun.

    322
    ~Abbrev.

    '\J. ~. eJ.

    '\J

    <9!

    'IJ 'IJ

    (iii'J) puu/ (tua/)

    N crab. N field crab, a small

    {h.rwn

    ( n s ::::'U eJ n ) pyynph6g/ (krab:J:Jg/)

    N pistol,

    '\J'W 1 ( iii'J)

    puunaa/ (tua/)

    revolver.
    ~tW1'J
    (ns::::'Ue:Jn) pyynjaaw/ (krab:J:Jg/)

    fresh-water crab. N 1.
    '\J bb61 JJ
    'IJ

    (iii'J ) puusamtE/ (tua/)

    N small salt-water

    shotgun. 2. rifle.
    ~'W~ n 'Vel~
    'IJ

    crab.
    ~

    ( n s ::::'U eJ n ) pyyn/111ugs:J:JU/ (krab:J:Jg/)

    tB

    puu/ V 1. to spread out (as a mat). 2. to spread over, to cover (with); to pave (with).

    N shotgun.

    ~'W ~'W
    ~'W1'Vl~

    ( n s ::::'U eJ n )

    pyyns~n/

    (krab:J:Jg/)

    N pistol,

    bi'W'W'\Jil'W than~n/puuhin/ N a stone-paved road.


    ...

    revolver.
    (nS::::'Ue:Jn) pyynja.j/ (krab:J:Jg/)

    t:J 1'\J lil:::;


    'IJ

    L
    d

    'IJ "'

    ( ~'W)

    pMapuut6? / (phyYn/)

    N tablecloth,

    N 1. can"

    lunch cloth.
    t:J 1'\J'I'l'Wel'W
    'IJ

    non; artillery piece. 2. artillery. -+Abbrev. tJ. o n s:::: 61 'W~'W 1 'VI~ ( ~!il , ~ n ) krasun/pyynjaj / (mid/,
    9

    ( ~'W)

    pMapuu/thtin:J:Jn/ (phyYil/)

    'IJ

    111ug/) N artillery shell, projectile. o 'l'l'Vl1 S~'W1 'VI~ ( Fl'W) thaMan/pyynjaj/ (khon/) N 1. artilleryman. 2. the artillery.
    b! e:J~'W ( ~ 1) ryapyyn/ (lam/)
    0

    sheet. ' tJ ( Fl'W) puu/ (khon/)


    'IJ

    N 1. paternal grandfather,

    father's father. P 2. you, he, him, Grandpa (sp. to or about one's paternal grandfather);
    I, me, Grandpa (paternal grandfather sp. to

    N gunboat.

    ~n~'W ( ~n, ~!il) 111ugpyyn/ (111ug/, mid/) N 1. 'IJ 'IJ


    bullet, gunshot. 2. ball bearing. o

    grandchild).
    '\JtJ 1
    'll

    ( Fl'W)

    puu/j~a/

    (khon/)

    N ancestors: "pater-

    ~n~'W1'Vl~ 'll
    non ball.

    (6ln) 111ugpyynjaj/ (l11ug/)


    'IJ

    N can'IJ

    nal grandparents."
    tJ'' tJ 11il1 tJ 1 tJ ( Fl'W)
    puuj~a/taajaaj/

    (khon/)

    A'Wrt'~'W 'IJ

    ( l'iw:;", el'W) suunpyyn/ (suun/, ?an/)


    'IJ

    ancestors: "paternal grandparents and maternal grandparents.''


    'Vlfil1'W'\J' ( Fl'W)
    'IJ

    gun sight.

    ' 'VleJn'\J ~ 1 tJ~'W ( b~JJ) h~:Jgplaajpyyn/ (H~m/)


    bayonet. -Syn. !il1'U'\J6l1tJtl'W.
    J 1 'J (i~'W ?aawud/pyyn/ N firearms.

    laanpuu/ {khon/)

    N grandchild in

    the male line.


    '\J'W
    'IJ

    <9!

    puun/ N 1. lime. 2. mortar (as for laying bricks).

    ~'W p~n/

    C elf. for hand saws.


    !ilo1 "black."

    ~ J p)'y/ rM intensifier used with


    '\Jn in '\Jn'\JtJ
    9 9 9

    1'18'\J'W thyYpuun/ V 1. to mortar (e.g. bricks).


    'IJ

    piigpuj/ V to be downy, fluffy, bushy,

    2. to plaster.
    J''WtJ'W pitnpuun/ V to mold lime.
    'IJ

    shaggy.
    tJ bi'IJ'W ( Fl'W) piithiichon/ (khon/)
    9 9

    N lit. ordinary

    '\J'W V 1 'J puunkhaaw/ N lime.


    'IJ ... ...

    people; the common man, average man.


    ' 'lJJJ pum/ N nodule, node, knot, knob, lump. 9 ' '\JJJLJJJ pum/pom/ N knots, kinks.
    '\

    '\J'W;ubd-J'Wiil,
    'IJ

    -if-

    puun/simen, -sii/-

    N cement.

    [ ;u bd-J'W~
    tJ'WJ''W
    'IJ 'IJ

    f. Eng.]

    puunp~n/

    N molded lime.

    '\JJJ s 61 pumr6d/ N taste bud. b~'W~JJ penpiim/ V to be nodulated, knotted, kinky.


    9

    il'W'\J'W hlnpuun/ N 1. limestone. 2. tartar, calculus

    (i.e. incrustation on teeth).


    '\J'W tB puun/ V to be equivalent to, comparable to,
    'IJ

    'lJtJ puj/ N fluff; a fluffy fiber or fibrous mass.


    9

    '\Jn'\JtJ pugpuj/ V to be downy, fluffy, bushy,


    9 9

    like.
    '\J'W rn puun/ V to give, destribute (a reward, rewards).
    'IJ

    shaggy.
    'lJ tJ W 1 tJ
    9

    ( tJ tJ ) pujniaj/ N cotton fiber, cotton


    9

    -Chiefly in the following expression. [f. Chin.]

    wool. reward, distribute rewards. fertilizer, [f. Chin.]


    +
    ~ ~

    b'\J in 'Vl6l'U,'WJ'W'Vlfil'U

    '\J'W btJ ponpee/ V 1. to mix together, 2. to

    tJ tJ tB puj/ rM intensifier used with


    9

    "sleep", having the sense of "soundly."

    btJ in

    mix, be mixed in a disorderly or confused way. ;y " V btJ khtip~e/ co 11 o q. to be bad, of poor

    L'l.i
    quality.
    +

    323

    ~'U Ltl'W cab/pen/ to catch alive, take alive. -Ant.


    ~

    b'l.l
    +

    p~e/

    sV to one side, slanted, twisted.


    +

    ~'Uiii1U,

    b'l.l ~ peu/* sV fixed, fixedly; precise, precisely.


    ~ eJ ~ ( )
    "'

    o 11'n LII~Fl'W,Q';il i
    cab/pen/~

    ~'U Ltl'W

    ncigtMod'khonnii'

    t~u::::

    b'l.l

    ~ c~u( . )P~U/

    to stare, stare right

    (You) have to take this convict alive.

    at.
    +

    ~'U
    ~ troup~u /

    LU'W

    cab::: ... pen' to know how to catch

    lil

    ~ ~

    b'l.l

    V 1. to be absolutely correct.
    0

    (something).

    2. to be absolutely straight . bmH L'l.l LtlA


    .J
    +

    ~'U'W n LU'W cabn6g/pen' to know how to catch


    birds.

    ~ thtaup~u/

    at noon sharp. N duck. N barnyardfowl.

    (lll'l) ped/ (tua/) (lll'l)


    C: _,

    ~'1 bU'W campen/ V to be necessary.


    ble:JA LU'WJl1~1111rJ th~::>d/penphaas~athajl to translate into Thai. 11-1 L 1J'W tha.upen' alive. N roast duck. o
    :B _"\

    LtlA1~
    'II

    pedkajl(tua/)
    I

    o 'VIJJL'VIAL1JA1n muuhed/pedka.V N colloq. meats of various kinds.

    LtlA~1~

    (lll'd) pectj.1au/ (tua/)

    ~i~-1 LU'W f~u/tMupen'

    to bury alive.

    btl'W, L 'l.I'W pen/ V 1. to be, exist, become. (something). 2. to be live, alive, living. sV 3. as, for, into. 4. able to, knows how to. below). -+Ant. 2. lil1rl. Fl'l-- (see

    I1''U LU'W nab/pen' to know how to count. I1''U LD'W. . . mib'pen:::: to be considered, reckoned

    as; to be counted by (e.g. the millions). LU'Wn'UgJ penkabOd' to rebel, mutiny, commit treason. L1i'W n s::: ~9 n penkracug/ 1. in bunches, bunched together, bunched up. 2. in a mass, in lumps. LU'W n S:;; LV~ penkras88tJ' (the hair} to stand out form the head, stick out in all directions (as when mussed, windblown, too thick, too curly). LU'WnS:::'U'J'W penkrabuan' 1. in a procession, in

    NOTE. The spelling

    L 'l.I'W, though not shown in the official dictionary, is very common in newpapers. o btJ1 Ltl'WFl~ khawpenkhruu/ He is a teacher.
    d
    I lc:r.

    \I

    o 'W 1J.J 1-tfA'W 61 eJ

    btl'W'l.l1 n n 1 nti/m.1jcMjdins~::>/-+

    penpaagkaa/ ~ This is not a pencil, it's a pen.


    0

    61lil 1.-b tl'W sad/pen/ live animal.

    to

    bb~~e:Je:Jnbtl'W c.: ~'l'W bE:u'?~::>gpensli/suan/


    be divided up into four parts. I1''U btl'W nab/pen/ to know how to count.

    formation. 2. co 11 o q. in great numbers. Ltl'Wn 611.:j penklaau' 1. to be neutral (in a controversy). 2. elect. to be neutral, not charged, Fl 'J 1 :W-9

    ... n ~ 1 ( .. ) Ltl'W 1 'VI'W '1 ... kwaa/( ...

    )penn~jn~V

    neutrality.

    far ... - er (than ... ), far more ... (than), more ... by far (than ... ). L;1 btl'W61JJ1Vn kh-1w'pensamaachfg' to become a member (of).
    fl 'l 1 JJ btl'W fl 'J 1 JJ lil1 rJ khwaampen/khwaamtaajl

    LU'W n ~ :W LU'W; il'W

    penklum'penk~::m'

    all in one piece,

    in one lump, all nicely together. o

    s 1 JJ L1'W LU'W n ~ :w LU'W;il'W


    9

    ruamu8n'penkllim'

    penk~::m/

    to gather the money (from different

    sources) into one lump sum. LU'W n eJ -1 penk::>::>tJ/ co 11 o q. much, a lot, a heap,

    life and death. AeJ rJ Ltl'WA eHJ 1 'l.l

    kh~jpen'kh~jpajl
    khampen/ (kham/)

    to learn or o

    heaps, abundantly.

    acquire ability little by little, in due time. Fl'1 btl'W ( Fl'l) N live syllable

    ~n ~ 1 bU'Wn eH
    A A

    diilkwaapenb::>tJ' to be much

    better, a lot better. o b 6lJ 1 :W b i'W lil i b'lJ'W n eH


    :!::
    G:

    (in the Thai system of writing), i.e. a syllable ending in a long vowel or a sonorant. Fl'llii1U.

    khawmiitJ8nlt~tJpenb::>tJ' j

    -o p p.

    He has a heap of money. bU'W n eJ .:j 61 eJ in eH penb::>n's3::>tJk::>::>tJ' e 1 a b. c 011 0 q.

    AA btl'W.

    . .

    khid'pen::::

    to be figured in such and o

    a lot (of), a whole lot (of), heaps (of). L~'WL~'WneHiHHne:J-1

    such a kind of money, currency).

    tJ8n 1 -penb::>n's~::>tJb::>tJ'

    ~:;; btl'W 1 S1 'lJ capen'rajpaj~ It doesn't matter.


    'i:;; Ltl'W eJ ~ 1-11 s capen'jaaurajl what will happen;
    c:

    lots of money, heaps of money. b IJ'Wn eJ'W


    "'

    penk~::>n'

    1. to be lumpy, to form lumps.

    what will happen to or become of.

    2. inlumps. --Seealso

    LU'Wn~:WLU'W;eJ'Wabove.
    9

    324

    liJtJneJLiliJ'Wn'1 penk~:Jb/penkam/ elab. colloq.

    "' "' ' 6'\J'W'IJll'Vi6l) penkh~:J/jaj/ mainly, chiefly.


    6iJ'W '/J eJ

    1. to be solid, substantial, productive, effective, with tangible results. 2. solidly, substantially, as a steady thing, as a staple. -Syn.

    ~ in the following examples.


    6V't.l '/J eJ

    'Vi~ el'W!l;eJ ~

    b '/J 1 Lb~ Em/- k~t~:upen/kh:J:J:u:::

    lil'W~'1

    khawntE/ She must become his for sure. o Lel'W biJ'W'IJel H/1~ ?oon/penkh::>;:,:ucMad/ to nationalize. o

    liJ'W~'t.l.
    l iJ'W!l'W l eJ ~ pen/kan?ee:u/ to be .intimate, familiar,

    informal; to feel at home.


    6iJ'Wf11:WLSI'l penkaam/mar~og/ eleg. to have a

    ~!iln1'lJ6iJ'W'IJeJ~;G16oUtJ
    sion.

    thtitogpaj/-penkh::>:J:u/:::

    radsia/ which have gotten into Russian posses-

    venereal disease.
    biJ'W n' 1 tJ biJ'W nv ~ penkaaj/penb:J:l)/ e 1 a b. c
    0

    ll 0 q.

    bV'W '/J!:!'\.l
    _., Jf Jf

    '1 pen/kh~nkh~n/ step by step, in stages.

    a lot (of), a whole lot (of), heaps (of).


    l iJ'W n 1 S penkaan/ to be successful, effective; to

    bLJ'\.l'/JbSel'W pen/khtiryan/ colloq. tohaveleprosy,

    be a leper.
    biJ'W'lJtJ penkhuj/ to be fuzzy, frayed, scaly.
    9

    have succeeded. o liJ'Wn'W6iJ'Wn1s pen:uaan/penkaan/ elab. co 11 o q. to be systematic, business-like.


    l iJ't.l n 1 s ~

    biJ'W1;,
    _.,

    J'JtJ-J.,

    penkh~j/. puaj/penkh~V

    to have

    a fever, be feverish, ill with fever.


    bLJ'Wl'/J~'UG1'W penkh~j/cabsan/ to have malaria.
    bV'WAl~ l iJ'WA
    "'~

    s~ :f~

    penkaan/ ci:uca:u /

    1. to be earnest,

    to be an earnest matter. 2. earnestly, with all one's heart.


    liJ't.ln1S'd'JAS1'J penkaan/chfiakhraaw/ 1. to be

    s 11

    penkhra:u/penkhraaw/ at intervals,

    on occasion.
    biJ't.lA S!:!Hl S f1 penkhra:urtEg/ for the first time. bil'W 1'1 S 11

    temporary, to be a temporary matter. 2. temporarily, as a temporary thing.

    '1 penkhraawkhraaw/ at intervals, at


    2. idiom.

    times.
    biJ'WAi'W penkhwan/ 1. to be smoky.

    liJ'Wf11S~'J'W
    matter.

    penkaanduan/ 1. to be urgent, to be

    an urgent matter. 2. urgently, as an urgent

    eagerly, energetically; promptly.


    6iJ'WA11:W penkhwaam/ to be involved in a lawsuit,

    lil'Wn1S'\JS::::~'11'W penkaan/pracamwan/ 1. to be
    daily, to be a daily matter. 2. daily, normally, as a daily routine.
    biJ'W n 1 s tJ 1 n

    have a case in court (either as plaintiff or defendant).

    liJ'W;~
    9

    biJ'W66Fl'J penkhu:u/penkhwEE/ idiom.,elab.

    penkaanj~ag/ 1. to be difficult, to be

    co 11 o q. lengthily, at great length (as in telling a story).


    biJ'WAbl! penkhun/ 1. to be good, beneficial. 2.
    9

    a diffcult matter. 2. with difficulty.


    l iJ'Wn 1 s 1'Vi~ penkaanja.j/ l. to be on a grand

    scale; to be a great thing; to be overwhelming, considerable. 2. on a grand scale, to a great extent, overwhelmingly, considerably.

    for the benefit (of}.


    biJ'WLI'lfl'W penkhloon/ to be muddy. lil'\,H1l'l

    '1 pen:uOad:uOad/ in installments, periodipen:u~V

    lV'Wn'1i~ penkamla:u/ colloq. very much, considerably, extremely. 6iJ'W 6n ~Iii penkled/ to be scaly.
    6iJ'W l n ~ tJ 'J penkliaw/

    cally.

    "' ~ell! ' 6'lJ'W

    to be lame.
    0

    bil'W n'W bil'Wn 1 s pen:uaan/penkaan/ e 1 a b. c

    ll 0 q.

    1. in a coil-like, helical

    to be systematic, business-like.
    6iJ'W ~ 1 :W 6il'W 6 ~ 1

    form. 2. in a twisting, spiraling fashion. o rl1 6iJ'W l n ~ tJ 1 tua/penkliaw/ idiom. very hard, busily (of working).
    6LJ'W6f1tJSiil, 6'V'lel-- penklad/,
    _., "'
    ~

    pen:u~am/

    to be forked.

    6iJ'W 6 ~ 1 pen:uaw/ to be glossy.

    '1 pen:uaw:uaw/ 1. shadowy. 2. faintly,

    ph~a--

    as an honor,

    dimly.
    bil'W b ~ 1\il1:W rl'J pen:uaw/taamtua/ "as one's shadow

    in honor (of).
    l il'Wl6f1,'WG1.1 s penkE:n/saan/ 1. to be essential,

    follows one's body," a simile for an inevitable consequence. Cf. Eng. "as night follows day."

    substantial, solid. 2. to make sense.

    325
    L1J'W 'l ~ ~ pencitJ/ to come true, be realized; to materialize (as a dream, plan). actual facts, (in) actuality. Fl 1 1 :J.J- - the

    b1J'W~ eJ pent;);)/ to have an advantage, be leading,

    be in the lead (in a contest).


    l'U'Wiil EltJ'VleltJ pentoj/h5j/ chatteringly; chattering.
    ..,

    L'11'W~n 'l pendtgcag/ to be toothed, notched,


    serrated, jagged. --Dist.
    L1J'WbbfiW.

    l 'U'Wiil'U pentab/ 1. in rows. 2. in large numbers. LV'Wi'J as in

    -+Syn.

    1~bV'Wi1LV'Wiil'W

    m.ijpentua/penton'

    L1J'W~'W, L1J'W'V!rJn
    l'U'W 'l 1'W 1 'W pencamnuan/ in the amount (of), in
    0

    to be unformed, amorphous, not to have taken shape.


    b'U'Wiil'J l:J.Jr.J pentuamia/ V derog. to be a sissy,
    <: .., "'

    amount.
    l lJ'W 1 'l ( rh.J) pencaj/(ka:::)

    to connive (with), be
    v ..

    be effeminate.

    secretly accessory, be an accomplice (of) (e.g. in wrongdoing). -+See also


    l lJ'W ~n
    ~

    LlJ'Wii11b~tJ1 as in :J.JeJH'11'Wii11l~tJ1 m;);)tJ'-pen:::


    taa/diaw/ (several) to focus their eyes upon, to stare at as with a single eye, simultaneously.
    blJ'Wii1"1'VloW pentamnl?/ to be a defect, an imperfec-

    b'V!'W--.

    blJ'WllfiW penchh:g/ to be fringed, deeply serrated,

    jagged.

    --o is t.

    'l,

    l lJ'W-w'W, LlJ'W'VlrJn

    l lJ'W 'V'W 1 'W penchanuan/ to lead to, to cause; to be

    tion, a marring feature.


    bV'W li1 l lJ'W li1 ~ pentu? /penta? /
    9

    the prime cause.


    l lJ'W'~'W

    to make sense, be

    'l penchanchan/ in layers, ranks, grades,

    coherent. o ~'W b'15'Wiil b'15'Wiil~ fan/-pentiJ?/penta?/ to have a q life-like dream, a coherent dream. o 'W I11 bV'Wiill~'Wiil~ phOud/-pentu?/penta?/ to speak qJ q convincingly (e.g. as though one really has a firsthand knowledge of the matter); to tell coherently.
    b'15'Wbb~ pen/tee::: btJ'W bb ~'U

    classes.
    l lJ'W ~'W l lJ'W el'W penchfn/pen?an/ e 1a b. co 11 o q.

    to be a good, solid piece; to be well organized, well constructed.


    eJ tJ 1
    ~--

    well, solidly.

    b'11'W'cl penchuu/ to be adulterous (usually ref. to qJ

    a man).
    L'11'W l if <l pench88tJ/ as an indication of, suggestive

    simply, only.

    'l penthE:ebtheeb/ section by section,

    of, suggesting, insinuating; in (such and such) a manner.


    L1J'W 111 eJ n pendo;)g/ 1. to be flowered, decorated

    part by part.
    b1J'WLlm penthw/* 1. in rows. 2. in large numbers. L1J'W'11 eJ 111
    <:

    'l penth~bdth~bd/ from one to another,

    with a floral design. 2. to be in flower.


    l lJ'W;'W pentl'\n/ as a beginning. b~'W bV'W;'W

    in succession, successively.
    I

    -+Commonly used

    l'U'W'Yl1 penth.ia/ proper, comme il faut, in the

    in expressions of the type shown below. o

    accepted manner. o

    ch~n/ ... pentl'\n1

    for example;

    l~ btJ'W~1
    manner.

    m1jpentMa/ 1. awkward, ungainly.

    such as (a list of things), for example. NOTE. This expression serves to encompass a list of whatever is being exemplified; hence
    b~'W introduces the list and b1J'W ;'W

    2. awkwardly; not properly, not in the accepted

    blJ'W 'Yl1

    ~ penthaan' 1. as a way (to). 2. in the form

    follows it:

    of a line, in a line.
    LlJ'W'Yl11n1s penthaan/kaan/ officially. blJ'W~ penthti/ in place (generally implying neatd d

    "such as apples, oranges, grapes, and bananas, for example." o 171 ~ bb171lJI11tJ bV'Wiil'W l'U from now on. o 171~~ bblil 'J'W'W'W LLJ'Wiil'W:J.J 1 t.inteewannan/-pentl'\n/maa/
    Q...l

    1:::

    t.intn:badnfi 1

    -pentl'ln'paj/

    ness, good order). -+Cf. b Fl~ el'W'Yl.


    v
    <:

    o 1 1 <l '/J eJ 11 'Vl b'U'W 'Y1 waankh5;)tJ/Mjpenthti/ to put


    "'

    !.J

    1::

    _'i

    things where they belong. o eJ I:J lLJ'W'Yl juu/penthti/ to live at the same place qJ for a long time (not moving about); (things) to stay in place, be in place.
    q;
    I
    I _"\

    from that day on. o blJ'W;'W 11 pentl'\n/w1a/ for example.


    L1J'W;'W b'Vllil pentl'\n/heed/ to be the cause, the
    9

    origin.
    b'11'W li1 :J.J pen tom/ to be muddy.

    b'U'W rll '/J 11 'l penthti/kMwcaj/ it is understood

    (that).

    326
    b1J'W'Yl'Yl n'U n'W 'd 1 penthtil-s~ablkanw~a/ it is
    _"\ d
    ~

    '

    "' 'U "' penMjl to be dumb, mute. b'\J'WL


    b1J'Wt.Jf1 A penpogkatl?l 1. to be normal.

    known that, it is commonly known that.


    bV'W~'I'WL "l penthtilphoocajl to be satisfactory.
    ,. d
    &::;0

    2. as usual.

    biJ'Wt.Jj 11 penpath6m' in the first place; originally,

    'U

    b'\J'W'Yl b HJ'U

    eW penthtilrtabr:Sojl

    1. to be in good

    first.
    b1J'Wt.J11 penpom' to be knotted, knotty. biJ'Wt.J ~::; t'lo1 penlpracam/ constantly, regularly,

    order. 2. well, neatly, carefully, smoothly.

    bV'W~Gifil
    q

    penthtisud' colloq. extremely.


    v

    .-

    bV'W'YJW(J penthug' to be dejected, worried.


    q .-

    habitually.
    b'iJ'Wt.J ~::; G 1'W penlprathaan' to be the head; to be

    bU'W'Yin'tJ bU'WS el'W penthUglpenr5on' e la b.c ollo q. q

    to be dejected, worried, bothered (about something). Cf. Eng. "to be hot and bothered."
    bU'W 1 mJ penthajl 1. to be Thai. 2. to be free.

    president (of), chairman (of). president.


    bU'Wi.J s::; 1rJ

    ~--

    chairman,

    'li; penprajood'

    to be advantageous,

    "' bt.J'WGSHJ pentham' to be fair, just.


    justice.
    0

    Fl'd111--

    useful.

    bU'Wi.J~::;i'An1~~
    11 miicajlpentham/ to have a bU'Wi.J1f1 b~t:H

    pen'-prawad'kaan' to be epoch-

    :W1 "l bV'W Gn

    making, record-breaking, unprecedented. penpaag'sian' 1. idiom. to be a

    sense of justice.
    bV'WGn11fil1 penthammadaa' 1. to be natural.

    spokesman, a mouthpiece (for). 2. co 11 o q. to have an argument (with).

    normal, usual. 2. naturally. 3. of course.


    bV'W1Tn bU'W'Vl'W 1 pennag'pennaal e lab. colloq.

    bU'WDbU'W'IJ~rJ

    extremely, highly, severely, roundly, unsparingly.


    bvmt1 pennaam/

    ously, in united fashion.

    '

    penplilpenkhlujl idiom. harmoni-

    bU'W1Jf1bb~'W penpyg'ph'tnl to be firm, solid, stable.


    1. to be liquid (not solid). 2. LU'WJ11 penpum' to be nodulated, knotted, kinky. q LU'W "1 penpen/ 1. to be live, alive. 2. live, alive.

    idiom. fluently, flowingly. o 'l'lfil bU'WJ1 ph1lud'pennaam' idiom. to talk a


    'IJ

    "' "1 o A'W bi.J'W


    o still alive.

    khon'penpen' a live person.

    blue streak. o 'l'lfil .. bt.J'W'Wo1 phO.ud' ... pennaam' tospeak


    '\1

    b'Vl~il'Wrl'UtJ~ bU'W

    "1 myan'kajanpenpen' as

    if

    "'

    (e.g. English) fluently.


    bU'WtJ111

    o sl'U'Wf1 b'iJ'W "1 dtbn6g'penpen' to catch a bird alive.


    bU'W 1t.J penpajl to go on, progress; to turn out,

    r.t pennid'

    constantly, always.

    bU'W b il b ~ rJ 'd rl'W pennya'diawkan' to be homoge-

    1f

    develop.

    n 1 ~ - - getting along, how one gets


    Fl'd111-- wayoflife,dailylife;theway

    neous; to be well-blended, smoothly joined.


    bU'Wbb~ penntc' for a certainty. b'lJ'W'U1 penMa' 1. colloq. to be crazy, insane.
    "' v

    along; relationship (between), interaction (between).

    things go, course of events; story, account. o o o


    bU'Wlt.Jl;

    2. slang very, extremely, terribly. o S il'W bl.J'W'U 1 r:Son'penMa' slang ribly hot.
    bc\J'W'Ubjj penbun' to be fortunate. q bU'W b.ffrJ'U'W penlbtabon' idiom. 1. to be supev "' v

    penpajd~ajl

    to be possible. to be impossible.

    to be ter-

    b~'W1t.Jl~1; penpajlm~jd~ajl
    with.

    bU'W11J6i11 penpajlsom' to develop in accordance

    bU'W 1t.J 111111 penlpajtaam/ 1. to agree with, be ac-

    rior, uppermost, on top. 2. to have the advantage, have the upper hand. 3. to outdo.
    ~ ~
    I

    cording to, be in accordance with. 2. to be (that) way. L1Jw:J ~ penpMn' to be powdery.


    b1Jw;J f1

    bti'W b'U rJ f11

    ~ pen'btal~an'

    idiom. to be inferior,

    lower, underneath. 2. to have a disadvantage. 3. to be outdone.


    bU'W b'\til penb9a' colloq. to be silent, dumb,

    penph~:in/ to be successful, fruitful.

    bUW:Hl A penph6ndiil to be useful, profitable, bene-

    ficial; to give good results.


    buw:J f16io1 b ~ "l penph15n'samred 1 to be successful,

    speechless.

    "' W bb 'U'U penbceb' ' bt.J' in the style of, on the pattern of.

    accomplished.

    327

    glossy or shiny. injurious; to give bad results.


    b'l.hJf.J'W penphyYr!' to have a rash. b.U'W; bV'WFl'W penpMu'penkhon' e 1 a b. co 11 o q.
    'IJ

    LV'W:W'l pen'maa~

    tohappen,occur,arise. Fl'J'l:W--

    .. d

    past events, account of past events (from the beginnings to the present).
    btJ'W L~lil penmedl to be granulated; to be pimply. bV'WLileJn
    _"j
    I

    to be presentable, like a normal human.


    bV'W bbf.J '1 penphlee' to be wounded, have a sore. bV'W ~ {

    penm~agl to be slimy, mucilaginous.


    pen'mtebta' co 11 o q. to be overbear-

    ,Y

    pen 1 farau' to be or act like a European

    b1J'W bb:W b'U tJ


    _"j

    or Occidental.
    b.U'W

    ing, bossy.
    I

    t ~ bV'W ~ 'l

    J.,

    penfau 'penfiia' idiom. to be set-

    L1J'Wbb:W'W:W'W

    penmtn'm~n'

    surely, absolutely. to be void, invalid, useless.

    tled down, have a family.


    b.U'W;'l

    bV'W 1m.i:::: penmoolkha? I

    penf~a'

    to be fogged (of glass), clouded

    L.U'W b tJ :W penjtam' to be first- rate, best, top.

    (of eyes, vision), defective, imperfect (as of diamonds).


    bV'W'W 'J

    "' L'U'WS::::'W'l'J

    penranaaw' 1. in a line, in a row.

    2. in large numbers.
    btj'W S:::: LiJ tJ'U penrablab'

    ~ 1 penphuauphuau' in clusters, bunches,

    1. to be orderly, be in

    strings.
    b'\.J'W'Wn

    good order. 2. to be well-arranged, well-organpenpMgpMg' fitfully, sporadically, at ized.


    btj'W S:::: tJ::::

    "'

    times, in fits and bursts.

    1 penraj<i? '-raja? I at regular intervals


    penraajtua' one person at a time, one

    b~'W'f1 b A~ penphfseed' 1. to be special, particular. 2. especially.


    b.U'W'f1~ penphfd' to be poisonous, toxic; to have

    (of time or space); at a constant rate.


    btj'W S 'l tJ rl 'J

    by one, individually.
    btJ'W

    a bad effect.
    bV'WcWIJl penph"?Yd' 1. to be webbed (as a duck's

    f1 S eJtJ
    'IJ

    penrfwr:x>V to be scratched, lined with

    marks or scratches.
    b.U'W S penr:uu' V to have a hole, be holey, full of

    feet). 2. to be ridged (as a mountain chain). 3. (side by side) in a row.


    bV'W~'W penphyYr!' 1. as a foundation, a basis, a

    holes.

    LV'W~LJ penrOub' 1. to be in the form of, be shaped.


    2. in shape, into shape. o
    b1J'W ~ LJ b1J'W S 'l ~ 'ti'W penrOub'pendau'kh~n to
    I

    background. 2. on the average, generally, basically.


    btJ'W~:W penphOm' to be bushy.
    9

    -"'

    _'i

    &'

    take shape, be getting into shape. 2. as comb~'W b ~ eJ'W penryan' on the order of (a specified

    d b'\"' .J'W b'W eJ'W

    penph~an'

    1. to be friends.

    pany, as a friend.
    I
    <;;

    magnitude), by (dozens, hundreds, etc.), by the to keep (someone) (dozen, hundred, etc.).
    btj'Wbb S:W L ~ eJ'W penreem'dyan' for a month, for a

    o eJ tJ b'\.J'W b'W eJ'W


    'IJ

    juu'penph~an'

    company.
    btJ'W 1'W S ~ penphroou'

    1. to be hollow. 2. to be

    period of months.
    Ltj'W 1SA penr6og' to have a disease, be diseased.

    porous.
    btJ'W'0''W penfan' to be toothed, serrated. btj'WUQn. btJ'W~'W in

    __..Dis t.

    btj'W l S See entries below.

    -syn. LtJ'W~n 1.

    btJ'WV1rJn.

    o 'l:::: btj'WlslLJ capen'rajpaj~ It doesn't matter. o

    1n S6 btj'W~'W b~'W l '\"l

    krood 1 -penfyyn'~

    ~'l ~ii'W LtJ'W l

    S, -'\.J:::: l S cMu'manpenraVL

    -paraj~

    penfajl to be furiously angry, to burn with rage.


    b.U'WiltJ penphajl to be dangerous, harmful, peril-

    I don't care about him, about it. I don't care what happens to him, to it. Let it be. Let it go. o l:wb'\.J'Wls m~jpenraVl It doesn't matter. That's
    I

    <;;

    ous.
    b.U'WJl b'tl 'l penphuukhaw'
    'IJ

    to be mountainous. 2. to be

    all right. Not at all. It's nothing. It doesn't make any difference. It's all the same. Never mind. Forget it.
    bV'W'l:W penlom' to faint.

    b.U'WJJ'W penman' 1. to be oily, greasy.

    glossy, shiny. o
    bV'Wii'W 'J 1 'J penman'waaw' to be glitteringly

    328
    o

    L~'\.lfl:l-H1~~~118 penlom 1 -sawln 1 sawaajl to


    feel like fainting.

    quially to human beings.

    L'U'\.l~lilt.l"' --"Is~
    LU'\.l~ 1 ~::::

    pensadl, pensad'citJ' to be true,

    L~'\.lfl 1'\.l penb::ml to be wavy, undulating. LU'\.lfl18 i'n "&;5n "&~ pen'-laajlagt?ags:S:m' e 1 a b.

    to be the truth. pensaa'ra?l to make sense. 1. to be young, adolescent (of


    LU'\.l~ 1 'd pensaaw'

    in writing, in written form.


    .. 0 ..,

    L'Li'Wfl 1A'U pen'lamdab'

    1. in order, serially,

    a girl). 2. to be a virgin.

    successively, in succession, one after another. 2. respectively. 3. progressively, gradually.


    Lll'W~'1 LU'\.l~'\.l penla:m'pensan' e 1 a b. co 11 o q.

    LU'\.!~11

    LU'\.lbb; pensaaw'penste' elab. colloq.

    to be a young unmarried woman.


    bU'W~'1Abj! pensamkhan'

    1. to be important. 2.

    1. to be solid, substantial, coherent, wellfounded, well-organized. 2. solidly, substantially, as a staple, as a steady thing.
    LU'\.lll J'U Lll'Wn'1.

    as evidence; as a token.

    LU'\.l~"/J pensugl to be happy, content.

    --s y n.

    LU'\.l~"/Jl"l pensuglcajl to be happy, content, have


    of mind. pensanee' to be charming, attractive.
    Lti'ltJ'drl'\.l

    ' ' peace

    LlJ'W~:W 1 penlimltm' inlumps. LU'\.l L ~'\.l penl~nl playfully; nonchalantly;

    bU'WL~~vT
    triflingly.

    LU'\.lL~tJ~

    pensian'diawkan' in one voice,

    LU'WLl;1rl'\.l penleew'kan That's settled. That

    in unison.
    LU'W1 ~ li1 pensood' to be single, unmarried. LU'\.l'Vl'\.l eH LU'\.l'll'\.l 1'\.l

    does it. That's all (i.e. we've finished what we had to say).
    Lll'W1

    penn:5;)lJ' to produce pus, have pus. penn:S;)nl to be wormy. pennagnaa' very much, extremely,

    ~~A b~'\.l L 1 ~ penwag'penween' on and on,

    at great length, continuously, excessively (of speaking, crying).

    '" .., L'Li'W'Vl'\.lll'Vl'\.l1

    severely, roundly, unsparingly.

    "' L 1 fl1 b'Li'W


    o

    <Ql

    penweelaa' 1. to be regular, con-

    LU'\.l'Vl,ffLU'\.l~'\.l

    penntilpensin' elab. eleg. to be


    l'Li'W'Vl'\.l eleg.
    '" J(

    stant. 2. regularly.

    in debt, to owe. --+Also

    1;n'\.l Lll'W b1 fl1


    schedule).

    Mjkin'penweelaa' to feed,

    "' .., L'Li'WVI:W'\.l penman'


    2. to be useless.
    L'Li'W 'Vl:W 1 t.1

    1. to be sterile, fruitless, barren.

    provide food regularly (according to a fixed

    "'

    penm~aV

    to be widowed.

    bil''W L 1 fl1 l!J penweelaal, penweelaa:::::

    1. to be

    LU'\.l'Vl~ LU'W L'Vl~ 1 penmuulpenlaw' e 1 a b. in groups.

    (such and such) a length of time. 2. for (such and such) a length of time . o

    L0'W'Vl~ 'IJ
    LU'\.l'VltJll

    'IJ

    penmuumuu' in groups. penjag' 1. to be fluted, undulated with

    .. L'Li'W L 1 fl 1'\.l 1'\.l

    penweelaanaanl 1. to be a long

    pointed crests. 2. to be toothed, serrated, notched. --+Dist.


    LU'\.lblQll.

    time. 2. for a long time. o

    --Syn. 2. bU'\.!~111, LU'WYT'W. to be

    LU'WL1fl1~1~11Tirl8"' penweelaa 1 s:S;)u?aathid'


    1. it is two weeks. 2. for two weeks.

    LU'\.l'Vl~ J.JL U'\.l Lfl'\.l penlom'penleen' e 1a b.

    muddy, sloppy, slushy.


    l U'WVti'n ll'Vf~

    o LU'WL'dfl1 o tl:w1lb;1 penweelaa'-hogpii'maa::::: leew' 1. it has been six years. 2. for the past six years.
    LU'\.l~tJ:W pensanlm' to be rusty.
    L'Li'W~'d'\.l'\.leHJ

    penlag'lelJ' 1. permanent, steady,

    fixed (of a house, dwelling). 2. permanently, steadily.

    b.iJ'W'Vlfl1t.Jfl~:~::~
    L.iJ'W~'d

    penlaajlkhrcilJ' many times, on

    '"

    '

    pensuanln:J;)j' 1. to be the lesser

    many occasions.

    part, a small part. 2. in the minority of cases, in a few instances.


    LU'W~ 1 ~ llQll pens::bncheeg' to be bifurcated,

    penhualJ' to feel concern for; to be worried,


    fl1 1 :W--

    concerned about.

    worry, concern.

    b.iJ'W'Vl1A penw?id' to catch cold; to have a cold. bU'\.l'VlbU'\.llil1lb'l1'\.l penhuu'pentaa'-theen' elab.


    'IJ

    swallow-tailed.

    LU'\.l~A pensadl .to rut, be in heat. Used of both


    male and female animals; rarely extended collo-

    co 11 o q., idiom. to keep an eye on things, take charge of things (for someone).

    329

    l 1]1,! l Vllill; penheed/h.1j::: to cause, be the cause of.

    b~1,JtJ1,!~ 1 pen?anw,qa/ this means that (such and


    such a course of action follows, is agreed upon).

    l 1]1,! l Vltl:'U penneb/ to feel numb, be numb, (a limb)

    to go to sleep.

    L'iJ1,lLVl~Jn~:::;Gj1,!

    penjya/krasi:in/ eleg. to be

    be one and the same; to be united, unified; to concur.


    l ~1,JtJ1,Jiil S 1t.J pen?antaraaV 1. to be harmful, dan-

    cannon fodder; to fall prey to a bullet.


    L'iJ1,!1Vl1,!"']. See

    ...

    n~1(

    )l~1,!1Vl1,!"']

    above.

    l~1,ll'Vl~

    penja.j/ to have power and authority, be F1 'J 1 d-J - - being on top,

    gerous. 2. to be harmed, endangered.

    head of, be a big shot. being top man.

    L'iJ1,!~1'l pen?aau/ to stammer; to be stammering. l~1,!11~b11.,-el1~b11.;,-11~1,!1i1"' pen?aa/cin/ habitually,


    constantly, regularly.
    b~1,! 1 1V'l'i pen?aachtib/ 1. for a living, as an

    l~1,!J1,!61~;
    l ~1,! 1 t.l 1 ~

    pen/?am1s3:Jn/ 1. to be a token, remind-

    er(of). 2. in memory(of), as a memorial (to).

    "1 penjaaujaau/ one by one, separately

    occupation, as a profession. 2. co 11 o q. habitually, constantly.

    (ref. to kinds, varieties of things); by kinds, varieties; according to kinds, varieties.


    b~1,! 1 ~ 1 'l A penjaaudii/ 1. quite well. 2. willingly,

    L~1,!11TI pen?aathf?/ for example, as notable


    examples. -See cross reference.

    gladly.
    L~1,! 1 ~ 1 1 :J.J 1 n penjaaum,qag/ 1. at most, at the

    l~1,!11S:J.J;
    l~1,!81Vl1S
    b 01,!~1,!

    pen?aarom/ seriously. pen?aahitan/ as food, for food.

    very most. 2. very much.


    C:
    I

    pen?)ryn/ 1. to be estranged, alienated.

    b'\J1,JJt.J1'lt..l'l penjaaujtu/ in the extreme, to the

    unfaithful. 2. to be otherwise, different, something else.


    ~~

    utmost.
    l ~1,! 1 ~ penjuu/ V to be, exist, live.

    way of living; existence.

    "

    A'J 1 :J.J- -

    o Ali1 l u1,! 11,! khfd/pen?yYn/ co 11 o q. to think otherwise, have one's own opinion, take (it) to mean something else.
    l U1,! l in Q1,!; pen?eeg/kachitn/ 1. to be unanLnous.

    b~1,JJ~ pen?arl?/ to be enemies.


    l ~1,! 1:::; l S See entries below. b~1,! 1:::; l Sl lJ ( 1) pen?araj/paj/, pen/?arajpaj/;

    2. unanimously.
    LiJ1,! LeJ n s 1

    (2) pen/?arajpaj~

    1. to have something happen

    v pen?eeg/kar,qad/

    to be independent.

    to one, to be the matter with one; what is the matter with (one)? 2. It doesn't matter. oo l"/J1A 'lL'iJW0:::; ls lLJ kMwkhoupen/?arajpaj/~ Something must have happened to him. o

    LU1,JbJ'l pen?eeu/ naturally(ofitself). LblJ !;l l U1,! plc:c:/pen:::

    to translate into. N scar.

    bb~Hll U1,!

    ( bb ~ 1 ) phltc:pen/ (htu /)

    'l'ili1 bU1,! phtlud/pen/ to be able to speak; to know

    l~ l 1]1,! eJ:::; l

    S m,qjpen/?araV to have nothing

    "

    how to talk. to have the rank (of).

    wrong with one; there's nothing wrong, nothing is the matter.

    iluf'lLD1,! miij6d/pen:::

    l~ b'U1,!
    0
    I

    m,qjpen/ cannot, unable to (because of not

    "' ~ l'\J1,Je:J1,!"/J11i1
    ~used

    pen?ankhaad/ definitely, decidedly,

    having learned how).

    positively, absolutely, under any circumstances. in negative or prohibitive constructions. jaakh,qam/tha:::

    ~ 1 (JIJ1l~ bo\)1,!
    .,j

    w,qajmiam/m,qjpen/ can't swim.

    l:i-J bU1,! b S eJ 'l


    l~ bU1,! 1 S

    m,qjpen:1au/ to be nonsense.

    1~1tl1:J.Jf11,!1,!Fl1,! LAt.J'J l~1,JtJ1,J'll11i1

    m,qjpenraV ~ It doesn't matter. That's

    non/-khondiaw/pen?ankhaad/ Don't you ever under any circumstances cross the street alone.
    l 'iJ1,!tJ1,!A pen?andii/ 1. well, very well.

    all right. Not at all. It's nothing. It doesn't make any difference. It's all the same. Never mind. Forget it.

    2. will-

    ingly, gladly.
    l 'iJ1,JtJ1,lliln 611 pen?an/toglou/ it's agreed!

    l~ bU1,! eJ:::; l
    matter.

    S m,qjpen/?araV to have nothing wrong

    with one; there's nothing wrong, nothing is the

    l~'WtJ1,J:J.J1n pen?anm,qag/ lit. very much; in


    great quantity, in great numbers.

    GfIii 1.-b ~1,! ( rl'J ) sad/pen/ (tua/) N live animal.

    330

    l'IJ~

    Vl~1 lV'W n~a'pen'

    V to be given to mirth on all

    active, alert. -+Also 1J S::: b1J SU 'J

    occasions, suitable or unsuitable; to be all smiles. -comp.


    Vl'W1rl::;L61'W,

    L1J S U 'J

    prtaw' V 1. to be sour. 2. idiom. (a girl)


    ~

    to be bold, daring, flirtatious, saucy.


    A'W l'IJ S EJ 'J

    l~'Wi!!illV'W'tlel'U Mnphld'pench~ob' to mistake


    right for wrong, bad for good.
    + +

    khonprtaw' idiom. 1. a flirt, i.e. a

    woman who likes to flirt, to be surrounded by rM intensifier men.


    l 1J SEJ 'J ~ 1il prtawc fid' to be extremely sour, sour
    v '"'

    l'IJ'W in lil::: l Vl~'W l'IJ'W

    taH\enp~en' ~ ~
    'IJ

    used with EJ 1 '.l "long,"

    "high."

    L'IJ s lil preed' N 1. a tall spirit, ghost. 2. an evil-

    as vinegar.
    ~

    ...

    doer (used esp. as a word of abuse).


    l'IJS:J,.J preem' V tobehappy,gay,joyful. l'IJ S EJ pr88j' V to say aloud, speak out (to no one

    l 1J S U 'J Lb'llil
    ~
    ~ ~

    prtawcted' idem.

    LLJ S EJ 'J Vl'J 1'W prtawwaan' N a sweet and sour dish.

    o
    d

    ~!il

    L1JSEJ'JVl'J1'W phad'prtawwaan' N sweet and

    in particular).
    l'IJ HJ'IJ S 1 EJ pr88jpraajl V to call out, make a

    sour fried food.


    L1J S eJ ~
    ~

    pcyau' i mit. the clatter of glassware;


    I

    general greeting.
    'V'I!il L'IJSEJ
    'IJ

    the crashing sound of broken glass.


    ,}

    'l pht1ud'pr88jpr88jl to speak without

    L1J HH 1J S1 ~ pr9aupraau' idem.


    b1J S eJ ~
    d d

    addressing anyone in particular (often with sarcastic intent).


    L'IJ:HJ::: pr8?1 V to be dirty, spattered. L1J HI :::'\.J S::: pr8?prfi?l V to be spotted, stained,

    l!:l

    pcyau' V to be clever, sharp, bright.

    l'IJ s eJ 'l'IJ s 11il pcyaupraad' V to be quick (in thinking);

    to be quick-witted, sharp-witted.
    L1J ~ ( vr~ 'l , 1J 1 n) plee' (lau', paag') N 1. cradle

    dirty.
    L1J S1::: pr:,? 1 V to be brittle, fragile.
    I

    (lau 1, paag). 2. litter (lau'). 3. hammock (paag'). -Syn. 1.


    l'l.J~ 'l pH~u'*
    'ViS:::~

    roy.

    1J1n L1JS1:::_ paagpr:,?t V colloq. 1. to be ever

    V 1. to radiate. 2. to utter. 3. to be,

    ready to greet. 2. to be ever ready to criticize. 3. (a dog) to be ever ready to bark (i.e. unnecessarily).
    L'IJSEJ~
    ~

    radiant, bright.
    L'IJ~ 'l1Jk'l pleu'plau'

    to glow (with health), be

    radiant (of looks).


    I

    pr!arJ' V 1. imit. to crash (of thunder).

    L1J~~'d1'l1

    pleu'waacaa' V eleg. to say, speak,

    2. to be strong, merciless (of the sun). rM 3. intensifier used with S eJ'W "hot."
    L1J SEJ ~
    ~

    declare.

    LlJ~'l L~tJ'l
    I

    ple!]siau' V to utter, announce. pleu'?uthaan'


    I

    'l pr1:arJprfarJ' i mit. to go "crash!"

    L1J~'leJ111'W

    (of thunder).
    L'IJSEJ'U prlabl V tocompare. l;L'IJStJ'U

    LlJ~'J

    '

    toexclaim.

    pleew' N flame.
    (LL~'W)

    rleJ'lA01l1J~'d

    thooukham'pleew' (phen')

    d~jprlab'

    V to have an advantage

    ..,

    N gold leaf.
    L'IJ~'JL'V'I~~ pleewphl88U' N eleg. flame.

    (over), have the edge (over). -Dis t. lli1rl. -Ant.


    d1EJL1JSEJ'U.

    L1J 61 '.ll 'W pleewfajl N flame. L1J Wl l!:l pleew' N fat, lard, adipose tissue.
    I

    l'\.J S EJ'U LrlEJ'U prlabthtab' V to compare. Flo!- -

    a comparison (in speech).


    L'IJ S EJ'U Lvr:\1 eJ'W prlabmyan' to be comparable to,

    L1J ~ 1 plaaw 1 * V 1. to be bare, empty, void, blank. sV 2. in vain. 3. No.


    l ~'W l 111l LJ 611 d88n'thaawplaaw' to walk barefooted.
    i'J
    v '

    analogous to; to be like.

    di EJ L'IJ S EJ'U
    d "'

    s Iaprlab' V to be handicapped, have


    ~1

    l'IJ~ 1

    tuaplaaw' 1. to be shirtless. 2. to be

    a disadvantage.
    Vl1 'IlL 1J HJ'U :J,.J 1il Ma'thtiprlabl- mfd~ajl lit. in-

    "

    single, unmarried, without family ties. ' lil1 L'U~1 taa'plaaw' the naked eye.
    d I

    comparable.
    LeJ 1 L'IJ S U'U ?awprlab' to take advantage of.
    b1J SU '.l priaw 1 V to be agile, sprightly in movement,

    l9J'WL1J~1

    tiinplaaw' barefoot, with bare feet.

    L.J1n L1J611 paagplaaw' sV orally.

    L1J~11JS:::LUV; plaaw'prajood'

    to be to no advantage,

    LLIGJ1

    331
    useless.
    I

    ment, hence husk (of rice), peel, skin, rind (of fruit), shell (of egg, nut), crust (of bread), bark
    .,_,

    l Ll~ 1

    '1 plaawplaaw' 1. in vain, to no avail. 2.


    J

    free, for nothing. 3. empty, barren, plain.


    I

    (of tree), etc .

    l Ll tl1 l Ll GJEJ 'J plaawpllaw' V to be solitary, lone-

    '/.1 1 'J l Ll ~ 8 n

    kh~awplyag' N paddy, unhusked rice.

    some.
    l Ll f11 l fHJ plaaw'l88j' not a bit, not at all. :W 8 l Ll Gl1 myyplaaw' V 1. to be empty- handed.
    "" I

    l Ll ~ 8 n fi11 plyagtaal N eyelid.

    bLI~8ll'W8ll (~'W,B'W)
    l Ll~ 8 'I

    plyagn5og' (chfnl,?an') N

    outermost shell (e.g. epicarp of the coconut). plyau' V 1. to use up, consume (esp. waste-

    sV 2. empty-handed; with bare hands; freehand.


    I I

    'J 1 ~ l Llt11 w~auplaaw' V to be empty, vacant, un-

    fully). 2. to be used up. 3. to waste, be wasteful, extravagant.


    'VI:Wiil b'U~8'1

    occupied (as a house), uncultivated (as a field).

    l~ULLI~1

    (l)sia'pla.aw'; (2)sfaplaaw' 1. to

    mod'plyau' V 1. to consume, use up,

    lose in vain, simply lose, simply waste. 2. uselessly, for nothing.


    l Ll Gl U plta' V to be weak, worn out.
    J/ ~ 8 U l Ll f1 U JJ5jplta'
    I

    lose, waste (e.g. money, time, resources). 2. to be consumed, used up, lost, wasted. -see cross reference.
    LU'18'1
    .J'
    pl~au'

    Jl

    V to be lame.

    V eleg. to take off, strip.


    plodpl~~lJ'

    l Ll fHJ'W pllan' V to change, vary, alter.

    n 1 ~-

    'Utllil LLI'18~

    .J'

    V 1. to take off, remove.

    change, alteration.
    ~!ill
    9

    2. to liberate, release.
    L'tJ~8U plyajl V to be bare, naked, unclothed.

    LifW'W cudpllan' N turning point.


    "' "' ~

    l Li Gl U'W l ll 8
    d

    pllankial to shift gears.

    L'tJ~8tJll1U plyajkaajl V eleg. to be undressed,


    naked.
    l Ll8 ~ l 'if'Wfil p88sen1* percent. [f. Eng.) LLI1 in
    l fi1 :W LL11 tempaw' co 11 o q. with full strength,
    <:

    LLI~U'W1~ pliancajl V to change one's mind.


    LLIGJU'WLLLI6H pllanpleeu' V to change, vary, alter,
    d

    "'

    "'

    transform. n 1 :1-tion, transformation. tion.

    change, changing, alteraA'J 1:W--

    change, alteraI

    with all one's might,


    LL11 paw' V 1. to blow.
    ~

    2. to play a wind instrument.


    I

    l Ll tl tJ'W:W 8 pllanmyy' V 1. to transfer.

    "

    2. to be

    -Dist. 1.

    ~lil.

    NOTE.

    L'lJ 1 mng. 1 is not used

    transferred, to change hands.


    bLl f1 tJ'WtJ 1 U bl pllanljaaur6d' to change a tire. l Ll Gl U'Ws1 pliansiil to turn another color, change
    d "'

    in describing the action of the wind.

    tJiil L~1
    l 'tJ 1
    (9) (

    padpaw' V 1. to ward off, dispel. 2. to

    clear up (a problem).
    el'W, l

    color.
    LLif1tJ'Wbs1U~
    d "'

    J1, lh~ ~)

    p.1w 1 (?an',

    p~w', hE:u')

    pllanslau' to change one's tone,

    target.
    ~ ~ L'tJ 1 jiup.1w 1 V 1. to shoot at targets. 2. to

    one's attitude._
    e.Jillil bU~tJ'W phlELdpllan' V to change. bbllll bUI1rJ'W ltegpllan' V to exchange, barter.
    d
    ~

    execute by shooting.
    4

    <u

    o s1'W1:WU~ l'\J1

    (LL'VI~)

    sanilam'jiup~w'

    (heu')

    ltltli'J pllaw 1 V 1. (places) to be isolated, lonely,

    N target range.
    l 'tJ 1 lfl

    deserted. sV 2. in (its) prime, having attained full strength and vigor, fierce or spirited and difficult to handle (because in its prime) (of cattle).
    I

    in
    p~?l

    tJn l 'tJ 1

    ( Fl'l)

    pagp~w' (tua') N globefish.

    l 'lJ 1:;

    sV 1. continually, repeatedly. 2. i mit.

    a tapping sound, as of water dripping.

    V:W ( . )

    l 'tJ 1:; cham' (, .. )p~? I

    to praise again

    l 'lJ 611 l till U 1 p1a.awpllawl V to be solitary, lonesome.


    bU~r.J:; plfa?/ rM intensifier used with bl'W'W
    d

    and again.
    l 'lJ lil p~8d' V 1. to open; to be open, opened. 2. to

    ..

    l Ll GJU11 ~ pllawcajl V to feel lonely.

    begin, launch. 3. slang to run at full blast, "tight, "open up." -Ant. 1. 'lJiil.
    'U8ll LUiil b~ogp~8d' V colloq., obsolesc. to

    crowded."

    6'U~8ll (~'W,el'W)

    plyag'(chfnl,?an')

    N integu-

    turn down, turn away, refuse.

    332
    b1J Vl !11 ~ ~ f1 p8dd/kaann1g/ to launch an attack.
    b1J V1;1 ~

    1; paddkhaau/waY

    biJtJf11f1 plagnaam/ V to be wet with water. b'iJtJn'lJeJ'W plagp:::l:::ln/ V to be soaked, drenched,

    to be left open.

    b1J V1 Q1 n paddchaag/ V 1. to raise the curtain

    completely wet.

    (on a scene). 2. idiom. to begin.

    mJ~

    biJtJn ptE:uplag/ N cornstarch paste, flour

    b1JWrl1~ p8ddthaau' V 1. to open the way (to).


    2. to yield the right of way.
    b1J Vl,Ybl!iJ p8dd/banchii/ V to open an account.

    paste (homemade), laundry starch (in paste form).

    b~tlf1

    pfag/ V to be small, tiny. See

    b'DtJ 'W ,
    b~ti'U

    J'l 'W b.fftJ 'W


    ('VIi~) piannoo/, pianoo/ (lau/) N

    b1J V1 'hH p8ddpoou/ V co 11 o q. to reveal a secret. b1JI71e.JtJf1 padd/phanyg' V 1. to unseal. 2. to be

    LiJtJ'WL'W, biJtJL'W

    piano. [f.Eng.) -+Also iJe11L'W. piab/ sV 1. strictly, exactly. rM 2. intensifier used with
    bb'VI~J.J

    unsealed.
    b1J 171 be.J tJ paddpMdV V 1. to disclose, reveal,

    "sharp."

    uncover, expose; to open up. 2. to be open, frank, outspoken.


    b1JI71l'W paddfaj/ V to turn on the lights. DAl'l'l.

    b~ tJ :W p lam/ V to be full, filled.

    b~tl :W l1J; 'J tJ piam/pajdfiaj/ to be full of, filled with.

    -+Ant.

    b.fft~ 'l ptaw/ N 1. vertical support for a vine. 2.

    b1JI71l~Elelf1 padd/m~j??:l:::lg/
    won't open.

    a kind of small crab. -+Usually 2. 'lJb.fftJ'J 'II can't open (it); (it) puuptaw/,

    ~ ~ b'itt~ 'l

    wtuptaw/ N 1. a relay race in which two

    b1JI71 ( ) l ; (1) p8dd/(, .. )waj/; (2) p8ddwaV

    vertical poles are used as terminals. V 2. to run such a race.

    1. to leave (something) open, open (something)

    and leave (it) open. 2. to be open, remain open.


    b1J A'Wl.J 'J f1 paddmuag/ V to remove one's hat

    b~el'W

    pJan/ V to get dirty (stained), soiled.

    rh ( ... ) b~el'W tham( ... )pJan/ to soil (something).


    bb 'lJ 171 b~el'W peedpJan/ V to be stained, soiled. ; 1 rl'W b~el'W
    b~ eJ tJ

    (as a sign of respect).


    b1JI71'VIb1JAI111 p8ddhuu/p8ddtaa/ V idiom., elab.
    'll

    ( ~'W)

    phj_a/kanpJan/ (ph)Tyn/)

    N apron.

    colloq. to keep one's eyes and ears open in order to learn.


    b'iJAeJf1 p8dd?og/ V idiom. to be open-hearted.
    b1J VlL eJ !11

    pyaj/ V 1. to be decomposed, decayed. 2. to be falling apart, breaking up.

    bb}.) ~ pteu/ N 1. powder.

    2. flour. 3. starch. N dressing

    A padd/?ook.aad/ V to give an oppor-

    1111:;

    '"

    bFl:iellbb1J~ t6?/khrJa:upteu/ (tua/)

    '-'

    tunity.
    biJ tJ See entries below.

    table, vanity (table), dresser (with mirror).


    bb'\J ~ f11 'l pteukaaw/ N library paste (commercial). bb'IJ ~ '1.1 1 'l Ol1 'l pte:u/kha.awca.aw/ N rice flour. bb1J ~'W:W pte:unom/ powdered milk.
    bbtl ~ b'iJ tJ f1

    e.J :W b{J tJ

    ( b{J tJ , ; 1 ~ ) phOmpia/ N queue, pigtail

    (pia/ for a single queue; kha.au/ for one of a pair).


    'VI1HiJtJ

    pte:uplag/ N cornstarch paste, flour

    ('V11~) Maupia/ (Man/)

    N colloq.

    paste (homemade), laundry starch (in paste form).


    bb'IJ HJI71'VI~1

    queue, pigtail.
    biJtJn plag/ V 1. to be wet, soaked. 2. to be soft. ;11 biJtJn kha.awplag/ porridge; soggy rice. 1J 'l f1 b{J tJ f1 puagp lag/ V 1. to be weak. 2. to be

    pteu/phadna.a/ N face powder.

    bb'IJ ~ ii'W pte:uman/ potato or cassava flour.

    ~Abb1J ~ pha.dpteu/ V to powder, apply face powder.

    limp (lacking firmess, stiffness). -+Ant. bb 'u


    1.1111 biJtJf11J1f1bbQ:; paagplag/paagch:?/ v

    ...

    bb1JoU'Wn peesiflg/, peesiffg/ N the Pacific. [f. Eng.]


    ~

    bb 1J 171 0J peed/ Nm eight. bb1J 171 ~'U peedslb/ Nm eighty.


    '-'

    co 11 o q. to talk oneself blue in the face, i.e. to keep telling, instructing, advising, admonishing.
    biJtJf1bbQ:; piagche?/ V to be wet, watery. biJtJ f1 hin plagcMog/ V to be sopping wet.

    elab.

    ~171bb1JI711711'W mJyd/peedda.an/ idiom. to be in the


    dark, be completely lost (in trying to figure something out).

    "' ~ eJ tJ bb'\J 171 d:::ljphd/ idiom. various, all sorts of,


    many different kinds of: "hundred and eight."

    333
    ~'\HblJ171
    bblJ 171 1-'J.

    slbph:d' Nm eighteen. See entries below.

    late into. 2. to know how to translate.


    bb'Ll~ 'd 1

    '

    plee'w~a~

    that means.

    bb'Ll171'Ll'U ph:dpon' V to mix. bb'Ll171 b O'U peedp1an' V to be stained, soiled. bb'Ll171

    bb 'Ll61 fl

    pH:eg' V to be strange, unusual, queer.

    "'JO'lbblJ~fl

    ' (Ot.J1'l)
    (Fl'W)

    kh::S;,uplh:g 1 (jaau 1 )

    N a

    '1 pedpeed'* i mit. "beep beep," the highpitched sound of a horn .


    ( eJ'U) ptn' (?an')
    ~

    strange thing; something strange, unusual.


    Fl'Ubb'Ll~fl'Vf'W1 khonpleegn~a'{khon')

    ...,
    bb'Ll'U

    N 1. potter's wheel. V 2.

    stranger.
    bb'Ll ~ n1 'l plhgcajl V to be surprised, amazed.

    to be round and flat.

    "' "' bb'Ll'U b!HHJ 'd

    ( O'U)

    ptnkliaw' (?an')

    N nut {for

    bb'Ll ~ fl r11 pleegtaal V to appear different, unusual.


    bb'Ll~n'Ll~:::'Vf~1171

    screw or bolt} . ..., ..., ~ :wbb 'Ll'U j f mptn' to smile broadly.


    bb'Ll ~ pree' V to change, alter, vary.

    plhg'pralaad' V tobewonderful,

    strange, unusual, extraordinary.

    l~bb'Ll6lfl m~jpleeg'
    difference.
    0J

    to be indifferent, not make any

    bb'Ll~ l ; pree'd~ajl
    be uncertain.
    bb'Ll~ ~'Ll
    'IJ

    to be changeable, variable.

    U.'Ll ~'Ll n'U preepruanl V to change, vary, fluctuate, bb'Ll ~H

    pleen' C plot of land; a paddy field.


    d

    bb'Ll ~ 'l 1-'J pleen' V to transform, change. b Fl ~ 0 'l--

    preer11ub' V to transform, transfigure,

    e 1 e ct. transformer.

    transmute, undergo metamorphosis.


    e1'W bb 'Ll ~ phllnpree' V to change, undergo change,

    vlli1bb'IJ~ ~ dadpleen' V to change, modify, adapt ..

    b'IJ~t.J'\.m'IJ~'l
    f\1
    ~

    pllanpleen' V to change, alter.

    fluctuate, be unstable.
    bb'Ll ~ prte' rM intensifier used with b ~ t.J9J
    d

    - -

    change, alteration.

    bb 1J ~ 'l "1.11 ~ pleench~ad' V to become naturalized, , change one's citizenship.

    "smooth," O:W "full."

    bb'Ll~ pree' rM intensifier used with


    bb'Ll n

    b~t.J'd "green."

    bb'IJ 61 'l rr'U pleenphlln' bb'IJ6l'U

    c hem. to convert. plan. [f. Eng.] N house-

    ( eJ'W) preen' (?an') N 1. brush. V 2. to


    brush.

    ( bb'IJ~'U) pleen' {pleen')

    bb'IJ6l'U9J 1'U

    ( bb'IJ6l'U) pleenMan' {pleen')

    bb'Ll J 'l~'U preenfan' V to brush the teeth.

    plan.

    bb'Ll~'l~9Jf\~:::1711'Uii(1 (eJ'U) preen'-16b'kradaan~


    dam' (?an') N blackboard eraser.
    bb'Ll S 'l ~~'U bb'Ll ( eJ'U) preenslifanl (?an') N toothbrush.

    " 1 ptw'* V to wither, collapse. bb'IJ


    bblJ::; 0J pe?l V to place, set, stick (a flat piece or

    patch on to a surface, causing it to adhere, o.r with a view to sticking, affixing, sewing it on).
    ll'Ll::: 1-'J in S'bb'IJ::: ( eJ'U) ?iip'E;?I (?an')

    s' 'l pren'* V (one's speech) to be different, sound


    wrong; {the voice) to be off pitch.
    I

    N a small

    bb tJ ~ 'l VI prf;uhuu' V to sound odd, different from


    'IJ

    usual, not quite right, unlikely, not quite believable.


    I

    Chinese coin of low value. [f. Chin.] "' bb'Ll::: in bb'IJ::: b~t.J::; pt?cfa?l N gratuity, gratuitous payment, especially in real estate transactions

    'WI71bbLJ~ 'l
    'IJ

    phQudpren' V to have an accent, speak


    btJ t.J 1

    (not considered a bribe). [f. Chin.]

    with an accent.
    bb'Ll ~ 171 pred'* rM intensifier used with

    1tJ .v 1LJ 1LJ


    "'

    pool N a kind of gambling game. [f. Chin.]


    in

    ~11J ('\h)
    v

    nfwp()ol (nfwl) N colloq.

    "green," bbli1 'l "red."


    +

    thumb. --Also

    'll 11LJ 'l

    -syn. ihvhbb:w~o com.

    "

    bb'LlS'U pren'* imit. the trumpeting of an elephant. bb'Ll

    p6o'

    co 11 o q. to be barely clothed or covered,

    ~::; pre?' rM intensifier used with


    bi1t.J9J "loaded {of a boat)."

    b ~ :W "full,"

    to be indecently, scantily clothed.

    ~::; 9Jo 1L ~
    tease.

    rabamlp6ol

    ~urlesque show,

    strip

    bb'IJ~

    plee' V to translate, interpret, decode, give the meaning of. '


    Flo1-Fl'U-- translator, interpreter.

    L~fl b n 0 ~... L'IJ bfl 0 ~"' ( 1711, b fl:WGi)

    p6ogk~a', pook~a'

    (Ot.Jl'l) translation, meaning.

    (taal, keem')
    L'IJ 'l poon'

    N poker (card game). [f. Eng.]

    bb'IJ ~ b1J'U (1) plee'pen~; ( 2) plee'pen' 1. to trans-

    N a covering of cloth.

    334 L Dl'l hH p~adpoou' V colloq. to reveal a secret. o


    b'tJ 1ll.JLU~-'J

    khawpajltew'~

    He has gone.

    1J 'l 1J'l
    1:1 n
    'II

    <Ql

    LL 'YH) poou' (hen') N salt-lick, a place in

    o A::::J.h!Jin'tf1ll.J khamam'-tognaam'paj' to fall head first into the water. o


    b G1 S "l ~'W n 'W ll.J'Yl
    d
    c::;

    which the earth is saline.


    l!:l

    ""'

    poou' V 1. to be inflated. 2. to bulge. Hlugpoou' (ltlug') N com. toy

    sed' stn'- kanpajthii' ~ That's

    1J 1 ( 1'U)
    balloon.

    the end of that! (expression of relief). o eJ EJ 1ll.J LVeJ'Wn LiW jaapajch9a'naglaajl don't
    ~

    1tJ-1 in

    ,ff'J1tJ.:J (,ff'J) nfwp(lou' (nfw') N colloq.


    -+Syn.

    thumb. -+Also ,ff'J1tJ. com.

    ,ff'JiT'JLL~~eJ

    n LL~ 'J 1LJ k~ltew'paj~ Then let it go, leave it at that. n ~'U ll.J klabpajl V to go back, return (thither). Ln ~ el'W llJVi:W l'l klyan'pajmod' to be scattered all
    over in large numbers.
    b il'W 1l.J ka<:mpajl
    0

    "' ..,
    d

    (you) ever go and believe (in it).

    1LJ'W poon' V 1. to bulge, protrude, be prominent


    (protruding). 2. to be swollen, inflated.

    IJI11l.J'W taa'poon' to have protruding eyes; with


    protruding eyes.
    1LJ:nbn~:w prookn:m', -kreem' N program. [f. Eng.]

    excessively, too.

    l n ~ b n'W ll.J klaj'kaanpajl (it) is too far.

    'tJ 1ll.J khaapajl the trip going; (on) the way to,
    (on) the way there.

    1LJ; 1 proou' V 1. to be clear ( esp. the weather).


    J'

    2. to be spacious, uncrowded, airy, porous. 3. to be slender.

    'tJ'W1l.J kh9flpajl V 1. to go up. sV 2. up, upward;


    onward.

    l.JiiHJ r~1l.J i 'l pl:'l:Jdproou' v to be clear. 1LJ; 11 "l prooucaj' V to be unworried, free of
    anxiety or care.

    b;1ll.J

    kh~wpajl

    V 1. to go in. 2. to join, enter

    (an organization). sV 3. in.

    A'J'Ull.J;'JEJ (1) khQab'pajdQaj::::::; (2) khQab'pajdtlajl


    1. to couple with; to be coupled with. sV 2. besides, in addition, at the same time.

    1LJ; -1 !ill prooutaa' V 1. to be transparent. 2.


    to be uncluttered.

    1LJ; -1 LLG11 proouseeu' V to be translucent. 1us' i1G1 proou'saj' V to be transparent. ;11l.J; -1 pMaproou' N net fabric, netting. 1LJ s l'l prood' V 1. to favor. 2. to be favored. AA
    3. please, kindly, be pleased to. Fl'W-person, favorite. favored

    AA ll.J

    khfd'paj' to think about it; when one thinks

    about it.

    "l :W ll.J bfW com 1 pajlaaj' s 1 a ng very; so very much. "l:::: b1J'W l Sll.J capen/rajpaj' That doesn't matter.
    It doesn't hurt anything.

    "llnll.J caag'paj' togo away, leave, depart.


    ~A "ll -1 ll.J c)rydcaau'pajl to fade away.

    1LJ s mJ s l'W proodpraan/ v 1. to favor. 2. to be


    favored.

    IJI ~ eJ r~ll.J talo:Jd'paj' throughout, constantly, all


    the time.

    1LJ ~ rl Ln G1 prootukeed' N 1. Portugal. 2. Portuguese.

    ' 1LJ HJ

    prooj' V to scatter, strew, sow, sprinkle.


    lJ proojpraaj' V to scatter, sow, dis-

    ~ eJ ll.J

    to:Jpaj/, tO:J'paj::::::, to:Jpaj::::::

    sV 1. next, follow-

    1LJ Hll.J n

    ing, later on (in time). 2. next, further on (in space). 3. on (i.e. in continuation). --+0 is t.

    seminate.
    1lJ~LeJl:JHeJlt1~G1 pooli?oo'maj?ee'lajtfs/* N polio-

    IJI el:W 1. -+For examples see cross reference.


    NOTE. This expression implies direction in time or space from a focal point of reference toward a point beyond it.
    ~
    I

    myelitis.

    hA--

    idem. [f. Eng.]

    1LJ:::: p6?' V to pile on (thickly) (as paint, plaster;


    facial make-up; work; etc.). [pro b. f. Chin.]

    1~:::: (~n,1'U)

    p6?/ N 1. weir,bamboostake-trap

    rl -1

    LLIJI'W ll.J t~uthnii/paj' from this time on, henceforth.

    d'

    for fish (lCug'). 2. lampshade (baj'). [f. Chin.]

    ll.J paj' V 1. to go. sV 2. on, off, away, to. 3.


    excessively, too. -+Com p. -+See also for

    "" :W ll.J A "' 1EJ tem'pajdtlaj:::::: to be full of, filled with. b rl


    m~ ll.J thOmpajl, thOm'paj to be abundant, plenty.

    :W 1 "to come."

    l~

    "Go away!" -+In mng. 3. short

    blA ll.J thad'pajl, thadpajl next (in a series).

    d1'W ll.J.

    ~1 "l:::: ~ 1ll.J th~acaw.ia'paj'

    one might say, one

    335 could say, so to speak, as a matter of fact.


    'fl 'd l
    J.,

    l'lJ
    time.

    tJ thO.apajl all over, in general, of the general )ltl thf:g( ... )pajl to throw (something) ..,

    1 'lJ'W~ 1 'l l'W pajphlaa:g"k;,:Jnl for the time being,


    in the meantime.

    run; general.

    (...

    1 'lJ'W~ 1 'l "1 pajphlaanphlaau' for the time being,


    in the meantime.

    away, discard (something). --+Dist. ~~ ( ... )

    l;.
    1m A'W;l tJ ~ 'l
    I

    1 tl:W 1 pajmaa" V 1. to go back and forth, to come


    thoorasab"pajthY1J:::: to telephone, and go. sV 2. back and forth, to and fro, this way and that, hither and yon. -+As sec. verb often also ... 1tJ .. :W1. -Dist. l'lJ:W1Lb;'J.

    call (someone) up.

    'IHJn ltJn 'd TtJ'W n~:Jg"pajkwaamin" furthermore,


    besides, over and above that.

    !;

    o l 'lJ:W 1;1 'tJ 1 Ll pajmaa"khaakh<lajl to engage in trade, travel about on commercial business. o

    b~ 'll 'lJ be:g"paj:::: V colloq. to go very fast.


    L.Um~-'W L

    1tJ

    pent5n"pajl (from then) on.

    ltl:W1Vl1~ 'II

    pajmaa'h<lasiiu" elab. colloq. to

    'iJ'W1tJ

    penpajl V to go on, progress; to turn out,

    visit, pay visits. o 'd nl i.J:W 1 w6glpajmaa/ 1. to turn this way and that; to wend. 2. to be winding (as a road).
    0

    develop.

    n 1 S"-- getting along, how one gets


    F1 'd 1:W-- the way things go, way of life,

    along; relationship (between), interaction (between).


    L~'W l:::

    ffbl!"l S" 1'lJ:W1 sanc:J:Jn"pajmaa/ to pass back and


    forth, go back and forth.

    daily life; course of events; account, story.

    l S" 1 tJ

    (1) pen?arajlpajl, pen"?arajpajl;

    m1'll1tJn~'U:W1 klabpajlklabmaa" 1. tochange


    back and forth again and again. 2. to be unreliable. sV 3. back and forth.

    (2) pen"?arajpaj! 1. to have something happen to one, to be the matter with one. What is the matter with (you)? 2. It doesn't matter. o

    L~'W l 'lJ L~'W:W 1 da~mpajlda;:mmaa' to walk back


    and forth, up and down. -+Also L~'W1'lJ:J-J1.

    1 tJ n' l'W pajk~:Jn" V 1. to walk ahead, go ahead.


    sV 2. for the time being, temporarily, ahead of time, in advance. o

    b~'W'J'WltlL1'LI'W:W1 daan"-wonpajlwianmaa" to
    walk around, walk up and down, walk to and, fro (within a certain area).

    l tJ 171 Vli.T 'l


    'U

    pajduuna:g" to go see a movie, go to the

    movies.

    o Iii S" 'll 'lJ Iii S" 'l :W 1 tronpajltronmaa" 1. to be straight(2)

    ltJ1; (1)

    pajd~ajl!;

    pajd~ajl; paj!d~aV

    1.

    forward, honest. 2. faithfully, frankly. o i1n lLJi1n:w1 nygpajlnygmaa' to think over and over. o 'iJ'W l tJ'iJ'W:W 1 binpajlbinmaa/ to fly back and forth, hither and thither. o 'JtJ ltJ b1'LI'W:W1 wonpajlwianmaa/ 1. to go around, go to and fro (within a certain area); to be winding; to be circuitous. 2. around, to and fro; in a roundabout manner. o V!Un lt.JV!un:w1 jagpajljagmaa" 1. to zigzag. 2. to be zigzagged, serrated, jagged. o ~n1'lJ~n:W1 Mgpaj/Mgmaa" toturnthisway and that, be winding (as a road).

    (He) may go, can go. 2. idiom. how can (you do such and such)! (rhetorical question with element of criticism). See example. o l"l L6i1:::l'lJl;

    cajs~?"pajd~aVL -paj!d~aV!

    How can you be such a scaredy cat?

    l'lJ~'l pajthY1J", pajlthY1J::::, pajthY1J:::: 1. to arrive;


    to reach, to arrive at, in. 2. to, at, in. NOTE. Implies motion away from a contextually suggested point of reference; cf. :W 1 ~ 'l .

    'lJ~ 'l

    pajthO.:g/ V co 11 o q. to go to the toilet.

    -Syn. ltJi'd:w com.

    l tJ b~LI 'd

    pajthtaw" V to go around (here and

    there for pleasure), to go out (as for an evening).

    l'tJ:J-J1bb;'d

    pajlmaaltew" to have been (there)

    1 'lJ'W El n pajn~:Jg"

    to go abroad.

    already, to have gone (there).

    1 'lJ'W l'W pajn:J:Jn" V to retire, go to bed. ltJ'W'U pajph6b/ V to meet, go to see.


    ltJ'W~1 'l pajphlaa:g" simultaneously, at the same

    l 'lJl~Yl'W S 61 pajlm~jthanr6d' to miss the car, train,


    etc.

    l 'lJ; 'd :l-1

    pajrOam" V to participate, join.

    336

    l'tJ ;'U

    pajnib' V to go meet (a person), go get

    from.
    b eJ'W 1 '\J

    (a thing).

    ?een'paj::: to tend toward, incline toward.

    1'\Jvn (1) pajMa'; (2) pajhaa::: 1. to go to see


    (a person), to visit. 2. to, toward.

    LeJ 1 ( ) 1 '\J ?aw( ... )paj/ 1. to take away, take (such and such) away (somewhere). 2. away. See cross reference. "' 1'\J !paV! Go away! Go on! o J eJ n1 '\J ?:,;:,g! paj/! Get out of here!
    "'

    1'\J1'VI'W pajnil.j/ Where are you going? 1 'LI1 'VI'Wd-J 1 pajnil.j/maa' Where have you been? 1'\Jl 'VI'Wd-J 11 'VI'W pajnil.j/maam'ij/ to get around, go
    hither and thither, travel about.

    1 '\J nrillll"' praj sanii'* N 1. mail, post. 2. post office.

    1 '\J b J 1 ( ... ) d-J 1 paj?aw( ... )maa 1 to get, fetch,


    go bring (something, someone).

    lii'J~l'lnl'LI~'el-illll"' (lii'J~)
    N postage stamp.
    d
    0

    dua:ntraa'prajsanii' (dua:n')

    ~1'W1'\J
    1

    phaan'paj to pass by, pass on.

    '11'111fl1 ~ '\J ~'el-l:W thiithamkaan'prajsanii/ N post


    office.

    "' .-

    f.J 1'W;'W l'\J phaanph6n'paj/ to pass by, go by,


    elapse.
    bf.J t;l J l'tJ phl8t~'paj/ to forget oneself for a mo-

    'U ~ '111 '\J ~ 'eJ-&ll"' ( fl'W) burud'prajsanii/ (khon") q q


    mailman, postman.

    ment.

    1'\J~'eJ-iJlll.-o'W1U~

    prajsanii/thanaa'nad' N postal
    .-

    ~t;l1lil ( . ) 1 '\J phl.ad'( ... )paj/ to miss.

    money order .

    ~ ~ l '\J ~ q 'IJ
    of.

    mC:n'pajsuu' to aim at, have the purpose

    1 '\J ~ 'el-iJllllJl'J ~ , -ll-

    ( 1'U) prajsanii'jabad', praj:::


    N postcard.

    sanii/ba.d' (baj/}

    ll1 'J 1 '\J jaaw'paj/ to be too long.

    1 '\J ~ 'el-iJlll"'eJ 1 fl1 A praj saniil?aakaad' N air mail.

    ~'1l '\J

    r.mpaj/ constantly, always, repeatedly.

    Vlsilii1'LI~'el-Dlll"'
    q

    pMdsadu?lprajsanii/ N parcel post.


    .-

    t;l ~ 1 '\J lo:upaj/ 1. to go down. 2. downward.


    o l;1lii,;Jllfl ~ 1'\J l6dn5::>j/lo:npaj/ to decrease, reduce.

    <01 L"' ~li'W'I11 ~ 1 'th'eJ-biW rian'thaa:oprajsanii/ to take a

    correspondence course.

    1~ ~ LSli'W'I11 ~ 1 '\J ~ 'el-illll"' roo:nrian'thaa:uprajsanii/


    N correspondence school.

    ~ 1 ~ 1'\J
    d

    lCa:upaj/ to pass (of time).

    liilll~'VI1li1'LI lta:oMaj/paj/ to sneak away.

    J 1 fl1 f'll '\J ~ 'el-iJlll"' ?aakaad'prajsanii' N air mail.


    1'LI~'l1Dlll1fl~
    (WH)

    ~ ~ 1 '\J wt:upaj/ to run away, run on, ~ ~ ( .. ) 1'\J'iJ 1ll sou'( ... )pajkhaaj/
    (something) for sale.

    run off. to export

    prajsanii'jaab;:,n/ (dua:n')

    postage stamp.

    8~'U1'\J sa:nob'paj/ to calm down, quiet down; (an


    unpleasant matter) to blow over.

    8'U l '\J SyYbpaj/ 1. further, in continuation. 2.


    from a given time on, hence: thereafter, hereafter.

    f.J ph::'>::>' HIGH consonant. Pronounced ph and used


    initially only.

    'VId-Jlii1'LI mod'paj/ to be used up, consumed, out


    of stock.

    f.J

    phl>:n' N dust, powdery substance.


    fl1bb~f.J ~

    kaafee'ph6:n' N powdered coffee, instant

    Vl'W l '\J hiinpaj/ to turn to, turn toward (away from


    some point of reference).

    coffee.

    bl ~ f.J ~

    ( 1'U) tM:npM:n' (baj/)

    N trash can (for

    ~1 ~ 1'\J

    haa:n'paj/ to be far away.

    litter); wastepaper basket or can.

    'VI1li1'LI h!iaj/paj to disappear, vanish, be missing. eJ ~ 11'LitJ fl


    I

    'W:l-lf.J ~ nomphl>:n' N powdered milk.


    LiJ'Wf.J ~ penpM:n' to be powdery.

    ~~

    jaapajnyg'thY.lF

    do not think of (it).

    eJli1'Lil~eJll ~ juu'pajJ"9ajJ"9aV to live on, go on


    'IJ

    f.J ~ 'lfn ~ J fl ph6:n' sagf~bg' N detergent powder. rJ 1 fl pha:nog' V to nod. rJ ~ fl fl ~'\1::: pha:nog'slisa?/ V e 1 e g. to nod one's
    head (in assent). -+Syn. rJ~mT1 com.

    as usual.

    eJ eJfl1'\J (1) ?;);:,glpaj/, ?;);:,g'paj:::; (2) ?;);:,gpaj/,


    ?;);:,g'paj::: V 1. to go out, leave. sV 2. away

    337
    !'..! HlV!'d phanog'hua' V to nod one's head (in !'..! :W L tJ

    iJ

    ( LiJ tJ , ; 1 ~ ) pMmpial N queue, pigtail


    kh~an'

    assent).
    !'..! ~::; phana?l V to stop abruptly, come to a sudden

    (pia' for a single queue; a pair).


    !'..! :W:W 1 tJ

    for one of

    standstill (as when stunned, shocked).


    !'..! ~::: V! ~ 1 tJ phana? 'naajl

    phOmmuajl N chignon, bun. N bangs.

    1. to fall over backward.

    !'.I:W:W1 pMmmia'

    2. to draw back suddenly, pull up short, reel back.


    !'..! 'l ~ phacon' V 1 it. to do with great care.
    'Usn~.'IJs:::'l~.
    e~ 'lfl!

    !'..! :WV! ~ EJn phOrunoog' N 1. gray hair. V 2. to b

    gray-haired. -Also
    !'.I:WV!~n pMmjlg' N 1. kinky hair, curly hair,

    wavy hair. V 2. to have kinky hair, be curlyhaired, be wavy- haired.


    :W'd'W!'.I:W muanphOm' V to curl the hair, put up one's

    phacon' V to encounter, meet, face, fight.

    !'..! 'lfl!JltJ phacon'phajl V to encounter, face danger. 'W n q


    ~

    - an adventurer.
    V 1. e 1 e g. to render

    hair.
    :W 1 tJ !'..! :W muajphlSm'

    !'..! r1 ~ phadun' V to support, maintain, preserve. !'..! ~ ~ f1 S Si1 phadun'khan'

    N chignon, bun.

    1 S !'.I:W rajpMm' N 1. the hair line above the fore-

    care and treatment during pregnancy and childbirth. N 2. midwife. colloq.


    0

    head. 2. the part or dividing line formed when the hair is gathered into a topknot. ----0 is t. 2.
    LL 61 n .

    -Syn. 2. V!:!HJl't16btJ

    'W 1 ~ !'..! r1 ~ f1 s s Jl q

    ( fl'W)

    naan 'phadunkhan' (khon') colloq.

    L 61 tJ !'..! :W s~~ jphOm' V to brush back one's hair

    N eleg.midwife. -Syn. Vl:We:Jl't1LbtJ o


    66'WrltJ!'..!rl~flSSil
    q

    with one's fingers.


    Vl1'!'.1:W wiiphOm' V to comb the hair. !'.I:W IJ phOm' P de f. m. sp. I, me. flbl!. "you." -co mp. q !'..! :w
    <9J

    (fl'W)

    pMd'-phadunkhan'

    (khon')

    N e 1 e g. obstetrician.

    -Paired with

    !'.lrl ~ sn~1 phadun'nigsi1a' q

    to preserve, take

    ~ ~'W

    de f. w. s p.

    -ct.

    care of.
    !'.I'W 1 n in i11 f1 !'.I'W 1 n phAagphanuag'

    to which !'..! :w

    ll

    is related. ----s y n. n s::; ~ :W elab. eleg.,


    ns:::V!:We:J:W,

    N appendix,

    eleg., Lniil1nS:::!'.J:W

    addendum, supplement.
    !'..! 'W 1 '11 phanuad' V roy. to enter the priesthood. !'..! :W r1 1 tJ !'.I:W L J ~

    ph0md1lajl me too. phOm?een' 1. myself, I myself. 2. it's

    !'.JtJ~

    (!'.ltJ~) phani1n' (phamln')

    N interiorwall (of

    brick, plaster, stone, etc., but not one of wood).


    I

    me. 3. (let) me (try it).

    a room, interior wall (of brick, stone, etc.).


    ~

    V!~ -1 !'..! tJ eJ ~ jln'phaj::>on' V to be excessively proud,

    r;.J

    1 !'.I'W ~

    r;.J

    1, A1'W) faaphani1n' (faa 1 , d~an 1 )

    be arrogant, haughty.

    interior wall (of brick, stone, etc.).

    ws 6111 'l1 pharusawaalcaa', pharud'sawaa'caal N q


    eleg. abusive language, harsh words.

    "' phanyg 1 V to seal. W'Wn

    dJ fi1 w11 n p8~d 1 phanyg 1


    !'..! :W
    <9J (

    V to unseal; to be unsealed.

    ws 61 1 1 'Yl pharud'saw.1ad' N e 1 e g. abusive words, q


    vulgar words, curses, obscene language. f1'1-(f1"1)

    L 61'W)

    phlSm' N hair of the head (s@nl for -Dis t. '!J'W


    <9J.

    a strand of hair).

    idem.
    phOnla~

    -+Syn. f1'1VltJ1'U

    com.

    Ln iil1 W :W kl.1awphOm' V to tie up the hair in a bun.

    W Sl phOn',

    N 1. result, outcome. 2. e 1 e g.

    "' L'lirl!'..!:W sedph~m' V to set the hair, have one's


    hair set. [ LoiJn f. Eng.]
    ..,

    fruit. C 3. e 1 e g. elf. for any kind of fruit. -syn. 3. 1'U,iiln


    'U

    com . 2. (some-

    iilr~w:w dadphl'>m' V to wave the hair, curl the hair,


    have one's hair waved, get a permanent wave.
    TIH!'.I:W
    (m~,Lb'U'U) sonph~m'(son',beb')

    1AWiil d.1jpMnl V 1. to get results.

    thing) to be successful, effective. o

    1~1;WSl

    m.1jd.1jpMn' to be of no avail, useless,

    e 1 e g. style of haircut, hair style.


    Lb'U'U!'.I:W ( L6'U'U) bhbphllm' (b:b')

    unsuccessful, ineffective.
    'Us s iil !'..! iil banlu?lphi5n' V to suceed, be successful, q

    N hair style.

    For words not found under !'..!- , see 'IJ S::;, 'US S ,

    338 obtain results.

    Y1'11e.J~ (J~1~,'1111lil)

    ph?Y"dpMn' (jaau', chanid')

    LJ~ bi1~HHl bauk~~d-'pMn-' V eleg. to bear fruit,


    yield results, be successful.
    'lh::::~'YJSe.J~ prasld-'phOn-' V to be successful,
    "'

    N 1. a plant and its products. 2. agricultural

    products. 3. crops.

    ~e.J~ miiphOnl 1. to become effective. 2. to result


    {in). 3. to bear fruit. o ~e.J~rlJ'W'Vli~ miiphOn'j:5:>nlau' to be retroactive, have a retroactive effect.
    o :We.J ~ j;j'lJ b'W J ~ ( :W 1 ~ 1 n)
    rJ'l e.J ~ ( 1.;)
    "' ;!

    give successful results.

    1T'We.J~ panpMn-' V to share the profits.


    o b ~'W1J'We.J ~ u~n-'panpMn-' dividend (given to a shareholder).
    bD'W e.J ~ penphOn-' to be successful, fruitful.

    "

    .,J

    miipMn's)rybn1au'(maa::::

    caag::::) to be a consequence {of). jauphOn'(Mj::::) 1 it. to result (in), have

    tD'We.J~~ penphOn-'dii-' to be useful, profitable,


    beneficial; to give good results.
    e.J~n S S:W

    the result (of).


    1 ;e.J ~ rajph6n' to be useless, futile, ineffective.

    phOnlakam-' N retribution {for one's

    evil deeds).
    e.J ~ no11 s pMn-'kamraj/ N profit, gain.
    e.J~AUJ.
    'II

    "' ~:Wb]'YlSe.J~ samrid'ph6n' eleg. to be successful.


    I

    b'Vl~e.J~
    9

    ('UJ,Jf.l1~,'1Js::::n1S)

    heedphOn' (kh:'b',

    phOnkhuun-' N math. product.

    jaau'. prakaan')

    N reason.

    e.J ~ ~ 1'W phOnuaan-' N result of work. e.J


    d ~ bIll,~

    1.;e.J ~ h.1jph6n' to benefit, give benefits, give results. J J n e.J 6l ??:l;Jgph6n'


    e.J~:::;

    rJ phOnchalla-' N average result.

    to produce, bear fruit.

    e.J ~ ~ 1 'l phOntaau" N mat h. difference.


    e.J~'U

    ( ~ 1n) phla.?l(caag::::) V to turn away {from),

    1n phOnbuag-' N rna th. sum.

    move away {from), part (with), leave, abandon.


    e.J ~:::; 'Vli:J phla? 'nli' to turn away from, part with,

    i:J~'IJS::::Lrl'li; pMn-'prajood-'
    proceeds.

    N 1. benefit, gain,

    use, advantage, profit; (one's) interest. 2.

    leave.
    e.J~:::;JJn

    phla?l??:l;Jg' to part; to leave, abandon.

    e.J~'W~ewl;
    e.J 6'11;

    ( J~1~) pMn-'phb:>jd.1aV (jaau-')

    e.Jin phlagl V to push, shove. e.JinA'W phlag'dan' V 1. topush,shove. 2. phys.

    by-product.

    (1 'U , ~ n , e.J ~ ) 'II


    ..,

    phlinlamaaj/ {baj/, lOug-',

    to repel. 3. to put pressure on, to influence.


    e.Jin 1~ phlag'saV V to push away. e.J 6llil phlad' V 1. to change, replace. N 2. relief,

    ph15n-') N e 1 e g. fruit (general term).

    -s y n.

    ~nl; com.
    'II

    o ~'J'We.J~l:w ('U'Wlil) suan-'pMnlamaaV (khanad-'}


    N orchard.

    shift; change. C 3. elf. for same.


    e.Jililrl'W phlad'kan' to take turns, alternate. e.J ~ lil b'IJ ~ rJ 'W phladpllan' V to change. e.J "'lil e.J 1 phladph.1a' V to change clothes.
    d ~ 'J HJ ~ lil
    ~

    i:J~rlJ'W'Vli~ phon-'j:bnlau-' N retroactive effect.


    e.J ~ s 1 rJ phonraaj/ N unfavorable result, bad

    "'

    effect, harmful effect.


    e.J6l6l'U phonl6b-' N math. remainder {after sub-

    wtuphlad' N 1. relay race. V 2. to run

    a relay race.
    e.Ji'W.
    1:1~

    traction).
    ~

    See

    e.J~'We.Ji'W. 9
    phlaan', laauphlaan' V to destroy,

    e.J~6l'WJl

    phl5nlab-' N math. result, final result. phon-'sath:S:>n-' N after-effect, resulting

    1b1!, fl1 ~--

    e.J~~:::;'YJJ'W

    ruin, waste.
    e.J ~ 1 :W See
    i:lfl phll? I
    ~

    effect, secondary effect.


    e.J 6l ~ 1 b ~ ~ pMn-'samred-' N success, accomplish0

    1:1

    J 1:1 ~ 1 :W
    to bud, begin to grow and develop,

    ment.
    e.J ~ ~ lil '111 rl phOn' sudtMaV
    9

    burst forth. N 1. final result. 2.


    0

    b]lil1'ul;~:~~ 'II

    (b]lil)
    'II

    ryduu'bajmaajphll?l {ryduu')

    at last, finally.

    N spring {the season).


    e.J ~ ~ phalldl, phlld-' V produce, manufacture.

    e.J6lb~f.J'Vl1rl pMn'slaMaj/ N damage, damaging


    result, bad results.

    n 1 s-- production.

    ~--

    producer.

    e.J~~e.J~ phalld'pMn-', phlldpMn-' N eleg.product.

    W ~ ~ n S S :W phalld-'kam' N production.

    For words not found under W- , see 'IJ S:::: , 'U S S

    339
    f.J ~ r1 t:H'l ( JU 1 ~) phalld/phQn/ (jaau/) N product.
    I

    cheerful (as of the face).


    I

    f.J~rlf.J~'VH'le.Jlll;
    by-product.

    phalld/phQn/-phb::>jda.aj/ N

    r.J l'l f.J EJ ~

    f.J e.J'W pho::>n/, phon/ V to lessen, reduce, abate, slacken.


    ~
    I

    '

    phudph~D/

    V to be clear, radiant, sparkling.

    f.J~r!JlD!"n"' ( ~ ~, e.J~ 1 ~)
    N product.

    phalld/phan/ (slu/, jaau/)

    l
    I

    ~'Wf.J

    e.J'W lJ<'lnpho::>n/ N installment.


    J{

    f.J l'W'tf1S :::VI'W pho::>n/-chamra?/nti/ to pay a debt

    f.J ~ f.J ~ 1 :W phlliphl~am/ V to hurry, be in great

    by installments.

    haste.
    "" n f.J ~
    ( n EJ'W) phalyg/*(k~::>n/)

    ~ EJ'WL J ph~::>ncMj/
    I

    V to pay by installments.

    N crystal.

    f.J eJ'W'Li S 'W phonpron/ V to reduce, ease, lessen

    r1 n f.J ~ n tog/phalyg/ V to crystallize (of itself).

    (e.g. terms, restrictions, requirements).


    I
    ~

    f.J~'Wf.J~'W phlunphl~n/ V to make haste, hasten, take


    9

    f.JeJ'Wf.J'W

    ph~npMn/

    V 1. idem

    f.JeJ'W'LiS'W.

    2. to

    flight.
    f.J m.1 phlub/ V to duck (in or out), dart.
    9

    ease the situation.

    ~ v'Wf'W~ J'Wll1 d ph~nsa.n/phonjaaw/ v


    concession.
    v
    I

    i d i 0 m.

    to ease tensions by compromise or mutual in andout.


    f.J Wu f.J ~ phlubphloo/ V 1. to be bobbing up and
    9

    e.J eJ'WV!'Wn e.J el'W L'U 1 phonnag/phonbaw/ idem.

    down in the water (alternately sinking and rising). 2. to appear and withdraw quickly.

    ;1~J'W
    v
    I

    (,ff'W)

    pha.a/pho::>n/ (chin/) N colloq.

    clothes.
    ~n

    f.J 1 'W phuan/ V 1. to tum back, return.

    2. to re-

    f.J eJ'W phagpho::m/ V to rest, take a rest.

    verse.

    f.J eJ:J.J ph:S:Jm/ V to be thin (not fat), lean. "1f'U e.J J :W sQubph:S:Jm/ V to be emaciated, pale and
    'II

    ~'Wf.J d'W pMnphlian/ V to change back and forth,


    fluctuate.
    f.J 1 ll in f.J 1 f.J 1 ll ( ~'W) pMaphliaj/ (phY;yn/)
    N

    skinny.
    f.J J :W "11 ph:S:Jmsoo/ V to be skinny and weak

    co 11 o q. blanket.
    r.J 1 1 phaw~a/

    (because undernourished).
    f.J J :w bb Vl1 ph:S::>mhtE;u /
    V to be gaunt, emaciated

    V 1. to be startled, frightened. 2.

    to rush up to someone with both arms open.


    f.J 61 :W phasom/ V 1. to mix, blend. 2. to breed
    ~

    (because diseased).
    f.J:::81. e.Jn

    See 'Lis:::81.
    I

    -Also

    Jl1~1

    liD.

    (animals). 3. bi ol. to cross, crossbreed. -Also


    'LIS::: 61:w.

    ('lftJlil,eJtl11) phag/(chanld/,jaau/)

    N greens,

    vegetable.

    "' L~ "' n f.J 61 :W'W ""illl Ln-u


    I

    keb/leg/ -phasom/n5::>j/ V e 1 a b.

    ~n n 1l'l

    ( ;1'W, 1'U, ;'W) phagkaad/ N leafy vegetable,

    co 11 o q. to save up little by little.


    'uJ~f.J61:w (Jll1~)

    such as leaf lettuce, Chinese cabbage, etc. (Man/ N for the stem; baj/ for the leaf; t6n/ for a severed
    .... 'IJ

    kM::>uphasom/ (jaau/)

    c hem., phy s. mixture.


    f.J 61 :wi'W ii phasom/phan/ V to breed.

    head or bunch). ri'W-- ( ri'W) lettuce, cabbage plant. o ~n n 1 WtJ 1 1 pbagkaad/khiiaw/ N Chinese cabbage. o ~nn11ilVI'J1'W phagkaad/wiian/ N sugarbeet. o ~n n 11il VI J :w phagkaad/ho:Jm/ N romaine lettuce. N 1. com10

    i}u 1 ~ f.J 61:w


    I I

    '

    ( '~l'l)

    radthabaan/phasom/ (chUd/)

    N coalition government.
    61'd'Wt:J61:W
    10

    (611'W) suanphasom/ (suan/)

    o ~ 'J ~n n 11il ( ~1 ) hUaphagkaad/ (Ma/)

    N turnip.

    ponent, constituent, ingredient. 2. admixture. I:HH in 'l'H f.J PH tMupM::>D / 1 i t. all. -Cf. 'YH 'Li 1 ~
    f.J J ~ phon/* V to be clean, clear, bright, fair (esp.

    ~n i1 (;1'W, 1'U)

    phagchii/ N coriander (k.1an/


    ( ~'W)

    for the stem; baj/ for the leaf). ri'W-the coriander plant.
    0 0 0

    of complexion).
    I

    ~n i1l rw phagchii/thaj/ N coriander.

    f.J J

    bbf.J 1 ph::,upMw/ V to be clean, pure (esp. in

    ~ni1t:-J t1
    ~

    phagchii/fara:u/ N parsley.

    the cast of one's mind).

    wni1~v:w phagchii/15:Jm/ N celery.

    "'

    ~ EJ ~ 161 ph~usiij/

    V 1. to be clean, pure, unclouded 2. to be happy, gay,

    ~n l'l J 1 phagd:J:J:U/ N pickled vegetable.


    ~

    (as of the mind, heart).

    e.J n'U i

    '

    phagbCU/ N convolvulus, an aquatic morning

    For words not found under e.J- , see '\.) S::: , 'US S

    340
    I ..,

    glory used as a green vegetable (Convolvulaceae). ..,


    ~tJ--

    'l'Wr:I'J

    (Fl'W)

    pMophlla/(khon") -co mp.

    N (woman's) (man's) father-

    ( ~tJ)

    the plant .
    .~..,

    father-in-law. in-law.
    'Vlr:l ':J

    'Vl8~ 1

    ~ El ~ r:1 n

    r~:upha.g"

    N vegetable bed. N truck garden.

    ~ 'JtJ~n

    ( 1 ~)

    suanphag" (rdj/)

    ( Fl'W)

    phti"pMa" (khon")

    N brother- or

    ~ ~ pM:u" N plan, layout.


    Llr:I'W~~ pMenpM:u" N plan, layout, scheme.
    .., r:JA
    <9J

    sister-in-law (of a woman in ref. to her husband's older brother or sister): "husband's older sibling."

    phad" V 1. to stir fry (i.e. to fry chopped meat N 2. fried

    bb~f.J'J

    ( FltJ)

    m~epMa"

    (khon")

    N (woman's)
    I

    and other things mixed together).

    mother-in-law. -camp. mother-in-law.

    LbJ.JtJ1tJ (man's)

    food (a mixture of chopped meat and other things). -Dist.


    'YIEIA.

    ~'J::: b~tJ::; phua?phla?/ imit. the sound of beating,

    'i.l1 'J ~A khdawpha.d" N fried rice.

    slapping, cracking. -Also


    r:11
    <9J ( ~
    'II

    .., "' 'W'J::: b'fltJ:;;.

    ~A b'IJ ~tJ 'JVl'J 11J phad"prtawwAan" N sweet and

    "'

    n)

    pMa" (lOug")

    N 1. cliff. 2. rock, stone

    r:JA tD ph~d/ V to powder, apply powder. .., "' r:l A bb'IJ ~ ph~dp~e:u" V to powder, apply face powder.

    ..,

    sour fried food.

    (in some compounds).


    b'fi!JJ.Jr:i1

    (bb~~)
    I

    m'rampMa" (h't:u")

    N precipice,

    overhanging rock, projecting cliff.


    I

    ~AVl'W 1 phactnda" V to powder the face.


    o bb'IJ~~AVltJ1 p~e:u"ph~dnda" N facepowder.
    r.JA m ph~d" V postpone, put off.

    'lh~EI'Wr:l1

    (bb'Vl~)

    cha:u~n/phaa/

    (M:u")

    N cliff,

    precipice, overhanging rock.


    I

    VltJ 1r:11 VrtJr:l1

    ( bb'Vl~, ~n)
    'II

    n~apMa"

    (h't:u". lOug")

    N cliff.

    ( ~n)
    'II

    hlnpMa/ (111ug")

    N 1. cliff. 2. rock,

    elab. colloq. to procrastinate, put off.


    .., r:I'W phAn/ V 1. to turn, rotate, change. 2. gram.
    q

    stone .
    Vl'Ut:J 1 r:11 tD in ( bb'Vl~)

    hUbpMa/ (hf::u")
    (

    N valley. N goat

    to recite or produce paradigms, to conjugate, decline, inflect.


    ilAr.JtJ bld"phiin" V to evade. Lb'IJ ~ ~ r.Ju plee:uphan" V c hem. to convert.
    I

    b ~ tJ ~ r:l1

    !il'J)

    lia:upMa/ (tua")

    antelope, goral (Naemorhedus goral).


    r:11
    ph~a/

    V to split, cut, hew.


    ( rl'U)

    rl'Ur:l1
    I

    klibphaa" (klib")

    N cloven hoof.

    <V

    r:1 EI'Wr:ltJ phonphan" V 1. to reduce, lessen, ease

    t:J 11111il phaatad" V to operate on (surgically).

    (e.g. terms, restrictions, requirements). 2. to ease the situation.


    f.J'Wbb'IJ ~, bb'IJ ~ r.Ju ph!lnpree", preepMn" V to change,
    I

    n 1 S-- surgery, surgical operation.


    I

    o VlJ.JEit:J1111li1

    (Fl'W)

    m:'>o"ph~atad"

    (khon")

    N com.

    surgeon. -Syn.
    r:11 b t:J tJ

    ~~tlbb'Vl'Yitl eleg.

    undergo change, fluctuate, be unstable.


    f.J'Wr:J 'JtJ ph!lnphuan" V to change back and forth,

    phaaphaaj/ V 1. to be dignified, majestic,


    I

    proud. sV 2. majestically, proudly.


    I

    fluctuate.
    r.J'W en 'cl-~ phan"/?ags:Son"
    .., r:1 'J

    ~ ~ 1 r:11 bt:J tJ
    I

    sa:uaa"ph~aphaaj/

    idem.

    to recite the tonal

    r:11 bVl~ 1 phaa"l~w" V idiom. to be a black sheep

    paradigm of a consonant.
    'L<

    of the family. 2. to break with family tradition.


    I

    ( A'W) phila" (khan/)

    N com. husband. -s y n.

    ~1r:11

    to

    (AH)

    (l)faa"pha.a"; (2)faaph8.a" 1. light-

    ~1~ eleg.
    .., 'WEI~ r:l 'J

    ning to strike. N 2. thunderbolt (khra:u'). N brother- or


    b ffi!l~ 1 Eln ( m'J)

    ( Fl'W) n5o:uphila/ (khon")

    sga'phaa?og' (tua')

    N an upper

    sister-in-law (of a woman in ref. to her husband's yg. brother or sister): "husband's younger sibling."
    ._, "' I

    garment which opens down the front.


    t:J 1 ( .ff'W,

    ~'W, i'U)

    pMa/ N cloth (chin" for a piece

    of any size, not regarded in terms of any funcN husband and tion; phtyn/, for a piece having a definite function, as a towel, a blanket, a dust rag; phab', for a roll of cloth).
    'l n ~ btJ'Ur:J1
    cV

    r:1 'J bJ.JtJ

    (A) phUamia/ (kh11u")


    'II

    wife, married couple. -syn. ~1~JlntJ1 eleg.

    ~Ar.J'J~li1 b~tJ phldphlla"phldmia" V to commit


    adultery.

    <:;;

    ( bA~ EJ ~, Fl'W) cag"jebpMa" (khcya:u'.

    a./

    341

    ...
    khan') N sewing machine.
    'll'n ~ 1 sagph~a/ v
    ...

    ...

    1 ~ 'J tJ

    ph~aphilajl

    N co 11 o q. blanket. (chin") N co 11 o q .

    to wash clothes.

    Fl'W-- laun-

    ; 1 ~ el'W

    ( .ff'W)

    phhlph~;:,n/

    derer, laundress. o ~ 1'W'Il'n ~ 1


    ,}'

    ( ~ 1'W) raan'sagpMa' (raan')

    ...

    clothes. N

    laundry (the establishment). l 'W eJ ~ 1


    ;1n3''W

    ..,

    .., ..,
    ~

    scarf (phY"Yn'). 2. tie (?an',


    ph~afAajl
    ~

    s~n").

    nyaph~a'

    N texture of cloth. N yellow robe to be pren'W festival.

    ph~akathln'
    ...

    ..,

    1 t:J 1 tJ
    TW'WFl eJ

    N cotton cloth, cotton fabric. N scarf. N bandage,

    ph~aphankh;:,;:,l

    sented to the priest during the

    ;1~'WLl~f1
    .,_, I

    (;'J'W,.ff'W)

    pMaphanphl~e/

    ; 1 rl'W l ~ el'W pMakanp9anl N apron.

    ~1'tJ'WGfl'I'J ph~akhi5nsadl N 1. wool fabric, woolen


    cloth. 2. wool blanket.
    ~ 1'tJ'Wf1~ ph~akhi5nnuu'

    ...

    gauze (mllan" for a roll; chfn' for a piece).


    ~

    1J.J'J 1

    ph~amOan"

    N a silk loincloth or phanung

    worn by men.
    ~
    v

    N 1. terry cloth. 2.

    1 tJ fl

    ph~aj6g/

    N brocade.

    Turkish towel; washcloth.


    ~

    ~ 1 ~1~ ph~as~mlii" N flannelet~ a cotton fabric

    1 'tJ 1 'J'U 11

    ph~akh~awbaatJ'

    N cheesecloth, gauze.
    ~
    v

    napped on one side.


    '

    ~1'tJ1'Jd.J1 ph~akhawmaa'*

    N a long strip of pat-

    1f1J.J
    v '

    ph~ahom"

    N 1. blanket. 2. shawl. N blanket.

    terned cloth used by men for various purposes (e.g. as a towel, loincloth, sash, or covering for the head).
    Q..l

    1f1J.J'Wel'W

    ph~ahomn;:,;:,n/

    ; 11 f1J.J
    ~ 1 eJ eJJ.J
    0: ...
    .,_,

    pMam~V
    ph~a?~bm"

    N silk cloth. N diaper, baby's breechcloth.

    ~~

    1 'tJ ~ 'J
    d

    ph~akhiirfwl*

    N rag. N bedspread.

    l tJ'U ~ 1 jebpMa" to sew.


    S J.J ~ 1 ( A'W)
    I

    ~1Flf1:JJrl'Wel'W ph~akhlum'thtin;:,::m'

    ~1lVIil!il'J pMachedtua' N towel, bath towel.

    ... '

    r6mpMa" (khan")

    N cloth umbrella.

    Slil~ 1 rtidph~a/ V to iron, press clothes.


    Li8;1
    f1J.J~

    ;1lVIil~el .., "' ...


    ~

    pMachedmyy' N napkin.
    pMachedn~a/

    (,ff'W)

    s9apMa/ (chin")

    N clothes, clothing .

    1l 'lililf1'W 1

    N handkerchief.

    homph~a/

    V to cover with a blanket or shawl.


    ( f1'W 1 ~ 1 fl ) n~aphaag/ (n~aphaag")

    ;1~'W ph~astnl

    N a sarong-like lower garment

    ~ 1 fl

    C9J

    in

    f1'W 1 ~ 1 fl

    worn by women.
    ~ 1 ~'U pMadlb' N unbleached muslin.
    ~

    N forehead.
    ~ 1n
    ~
    lJ

    phaag" rM intensifier used with Llf11 "dry."

    1 ~ 'l

    ph~athlitJ I

    N a sarong-like lower garment

    11il in the following entries.


    ~

    worn by women.
    ~

    1 J.j ~ 11il naamphaad/

    to appear beautiful at first

    1lb D'U pMatheeb' N a strip of cloth used singly by women to wrap around the bosom (in place of all other upper garments).
    ~

    glimpse, to be superficially beautiful (mostly of women). -Dist.


    11il

    11J.J~A.

    '1 phaadphaad" 1. briefly, quickly, for a short

    ~
    ... v

    1 'W 'J J.J


    v '

    ph~anuam'

    N quilt, comforter.

    instant. 2. superficially .
    ~ 11ilL~'W phaadphi5on/ V to be adventurous, dare-

    ~ 1'W"1ii''W ph~anamman/ N oilcloth.


    ~ 1~

    ph~anOtJ 1

    N the phanung, a Siamese lower


    I

    devilish.
    ~ 1'W phaan/ V 1. to pass. sV 2. past, through.
    I

    garment comprising a wide strip of cloth with one end twisted and hitched between the legs. Formerly worn by both sexes; now rarely seen.

    Fl1 ~ 1'W'\J S::: l11 kh~aphaan"pratuu/ N admission


    'U

    charge, gate fee.


    llil'W~
    <>
    I

    ; 1L 'U pMabajl N canvas, sailcloth.

    1'W d88nphaan" to walk through, walk past,

    o s eJ 'l l ;1;11 'U

    ( ~ , ; 11 ) r;:,;:,tJthaaw'pMabajl
    'U

    walk by. o 'W 1 l ~'W~ 1'W phaa/ ... d88nphaan" to take (someone) past, lead (someone) past.
    '11f11 s ~ 1'W An

    N canvas shoes, tennis shoes, sneakers (khOu' for a pair;


    ; 1'\J
    .., 'U
    V

    kh~atJ'

    for one). N tablecloth, lunchcloth. N sheet, bedsheet.

    d ~1'\J'l'l'Wel'W ph~apuulthtin;:,;:,nl
    'IJ
    I

    1;::: ph~apuut6? I

    ( Fl'W ''W 1 tJ)

    thaMan/phaansyg/ (khon/,

    naajl)

    N war veteran. thaanphaan" (thaan") N passageway.

    ~ 1L '\J s ~ ph~aproon' N net fabric, netting.

    '111 i ~ 1'W ( '111 ~)

    342

    ~lilniJV!:W1tJ
    admission ticket.
    I

    phld/kodmlaj/ V to be illegal, un-

    lawful, against the law.

    'V

    eJ 1'W b'I! 1 eJ e.Jn phaan/kM.w?o::>g/ to pass through,

    ~Arl'W phld/kan/ to be of different kinds, to differ,


    be distinguishable from one another.

    in and out.

    ~ 1'Wl 'tJ

    phaan/paj/ to pass by, pass on (going

    ~ lil rl'U phld/ka:::: to differ from, be different from,


    unlike.
    ~AA1A phldkh~ad/ V 1. to be contrary to expecta-

    away from the point of reference).

    ~ 1'Wl 'U:w 1

    phaan/pajmaa/ to pass by (going back

    and forth).

    tion, disappointing. 2. to be disappointed (in expectations).

    ~ 1'W l 'tJ b f1 ~ phaan/pajl88j/ to pass and not return. ~ 1'W;'W ltJ phaanph6n/paj/ to pass by, go by, elapse.
    I

    ~A'l1n

    phld/caag::::

    1. tobedifferentfrom. 2.

    eJ1'W:W1 phaan/maa/ to pass by, pass on (going

    to be not (such and such), other than (such and such); to fail (to get something). o

    toward the point of reference).


    I I

    61-!l eJ 1'W souphaan/ to send (something) through, pass (something) through.


    eJ 1 ~ ph.[aj/ V to release, let go, part, separate,

    ~1 ~171 ~ 1n;V1~~ A'W~bb;'l Q'W~ ~ 1~ll~ ~ ~ 1'W l f1 tJ1 'W 'U t11 ~~ tMaphld/caagpMujiu/khonnfi/-ltE:w/_..
    chan/cam~jteuuaan/ -l88j/ najcMad/nfi~

    diverge.
    eJ 1 ~'U eJ A pMajp:'l::>d/ V to administer artificial

    If I fail to get this woman, then I won't get married at all in this life.
    ~ li11 ~ phldcaj/ V to have a falling out, to be sore

    respiration.
    eJ 1 ~ f1 :W pMajlom/ V e 1 e g. to break wind.
    lilA com.
    eJ1~e.Je.Jn pMaj?o::>g/ d eJ ~e.! 1~ phY1JpMaV

    --s y n.
    o

    (at).

    ~lil1~rl'W(;'ltJ)

    phldcaj/kan(dtlaj::::)

    to be sore

    V to diverge.

    at each other, to have a falling out (about).

    V to be imposing, strong-

    ~17llil1 phldtaa/ V tolookchanged.

    looking, manly in bearing.


    ~

    ~A bl:WA phld/thamld/ to be all wrong, way off,


    s- tl'W "hot."

    'l d phaaw' rM intensifier used with

    wide of the mark.


    ~lit bln phld/thuug/ V to be right or wrong.
    'U

    eJ 161 n pMasug/ V to be happy. q

    A 'l 1 :W- -

    happiness,

    well- being.
    eJ ~ phiu/ V
    ~

    ~li16SS:WA1

    phld/thammadaa/ V tobeabnormal,

    to warm at the fire, bake.


    N fireplace.

    unusual, queer.

    bIii 1 ~ ~

    ( b Iii 1) tawphiu/ (taw/)

    ~ A:Wlil phldnad/ V to miss an appointment.


    ~A'Un~ phld/pogkatl?/ V to be unusual, abnormal,

    ~A phld/ V L to be different. 2. to be wrong,

    incorrect. 3. to miss. --Ant.


    'U

    A'l1:W-- (see below).

    irregular.

    bln

    t...~,

    ~ArJ'l~A l:i:JtJ phldphi:ia/phldmia/ V to commit


    ~ ~

    n ~ ~ 'tl'1~ A kratham/phld/
    a mistake.
    b;11 ~~A

    V to do wrong, make

    adultery. --comp. f..IA b:WtJ.


    ~ Ablf..l n ( 1'tJ Sl1 n)

    n 1 ~-- guilt, wrong-doing.


    V to misunderstand,

    phldphE:E:g/(pajcaag/) co 11 o q.

    kh~wcajphld/
    n 1 ~--

    to differ, deviate, be different (from). o ~filur.Jnbblilnlil1 ~ phldphE:E:g/thgtaau/ elab. colloq. to differ, be different.
    ~ A~f11 A phldphl~ad/ V to be incorrect, wrong,

    mistake.

    misunderstanding.

    A'l1:J..J~A khwaamphld/ N guilt, fault, mistake.

    o :W A11 :W~ A miikhwaamphld/ to be guilty. o rt1A'l1:W~I71 tham/khwaamphld/ V 1. tocommitacrime. 2. todowrong.


    'U

    mistaken.
    'V

    A1 1 :W-- blunder, mistake, error.

    -+Comp. rtl~A.

    ~(il b'i'ltJ'W phldphfan/ V to differ, deviate, be different.

    A1 1:W~ AUf1 ~ bln khwaamphld/lE:thuug/ N the rights

    and wrongs.
    '11'1~ A thamphld/ V 1. to make a mistake, make

    ~A bJltJ phldmia/ V to commit adultery with


    another's wife. --c om p .

    ~A rJ1 ~ fil b:W tJ

    an error. 2. to do wrong.

    -+Co mp. rhA 1 1 :w

    ~A 611 b n Iii phld/ saukeed/ V to be unusual, queer,


    abnormal.

    ~A under A11:W~IJ1 above.

    343
    ~ 1 1-'l

    See entry below. phiwpaag-' V towhistle. phii/ (ton-') N ghost, spirit. N flying saucer.

    something unusual happening.

    ~1'1.J1n
    "' F1 ( lii'W)

    ~ !ilGfQ~Q~ 1 phld-'sanjaa-' V to break a promise, a


    contract.

    "' '11'WF.I ( ~ 0 1)
    v

    caanphli/ {lam-')

    ~lil'VI1'l phldwa:u-' to be disappointed.


    disappointment.

    fi11:W--

    ~L't11~e:Jelfl phiikh~w-'phii?~;)g-' V idiom. 1.

    to be characterized by changing one's mind suddenly without apparent or adequate motive. 2. to be changing, fluctuating, inconsistent. F.JlJ 1 ( lii'W)
    q

    ~li1'VI~Ii11i11 phldhuu-'phldtaa-' V elab. colloq.


    'IJ

    to look changed; to have changed markedly in appearance.


    <>'

    phlipaa-' (ton-')

    N forest demon. N shooting star. N ghost, spirit.

    i\J~Ii1 nibphid-' V to admit one's guilt or mistake. S'U~Ii1'liel'U nib-'phldch~;)b-' to be responsible (for),
    accept responsibility (for). bility. fl 1 1 :W- - responsi-

    ~~ --1l; ( li1 1 'l ) phiipM:ut~aV


    r'rii11 ~ ( lii'W) phli-'saa:u-' (ton-')

    ~~ ~ phii-'si:u-' a spirit which possesses (one),

    a spirit which haunts (a place).

    ~;f1AnJ~Ii1 samkhan-'phld-'

    to misunderstand,

    ;1'W~~ ~ ('VI!il~)
    a haunted house.

    Man-'-phii/si:u-' (la:u-')

    mistake, make a mistaken assumption.

    'VI1~1i1 ( rl'U) Ma-'phld-'(ka:::) V to find fault (with).


    LVl'W~ li1 bDwJe:J'U henphid-'pencM;)b-' to mistake wrong for right, bad for good.
    ~'W phln-' V to turn (e.g. one's face).

    ~ dfeJ Ol1 ) phlis9a-' (tua-') N butterfly. "' v ~ r.J 1 n F.J ~ 1 n 1 'IJ ( n'U) faagphli-'faagkh~j/(ka:::) v
    e lab. colloq., idiom. to ask (someone) to take care of one, or of one's body, in the event of sickness or death. F-1
    d

    1F-1 ~'W
    F.J 1
    0J

    pMophin-' V (a bird) to fly from place to


    ~

    place. phlw-' N 1. skin, outer surface. 2. complexion.


    fl1SQ8~1 kaan-'thyYphlw-' N racial discrimination.
    J1~~1't111 cMad-'phlwkh~aw-' N the white race.

    phY1J-' V to dry (in the open or in the sun), to expose (to the sun, the air}. F-1 Ubli11i1 phY1Jdhd-' V to expose to the sun, dry in the sun, sun-dry.
    d d

    F-1 ~ F-11 t1
    d

    phY1Jph~aV

    V to be imposing, strong-

    cJ1 ~ ~ dli11 cMad-'phiwdam-' N the black race.

    looking, manly in bearing. F-1 'l eJ 1 fl1 A phY1J /?aakaad-' V to expose to air, dry in the breeze, air-dry. ff'l (lil'd) ph9:l)-' (tua-') 'IJF-1
    ~J'

    'li1~~1 b'VI~eJ~ ch~ad-'phlwlya:u-' N the yellow race. "'0


    ~ 1 fl ~ 1 phlwkhlam-' N 1. dark, colored skin. V

    2. to be dark- skinned.
    ~ 1 li11 phlwdam-' N 1. dark skin. V 2. to be dark-

    N bee. -+Also

    A'd--.

    khtiph9:l)-' N wax; beeswax.


    J'
    ~

    skinned.

    'l 1 ~ F-1
    "' J'

    ( i 1 ~) :uua:uph9:l)-' (:uua:u-')

    N proboscis

    "' phlwnaam-' N water surface. ~1'Wo1


    "' o L~eJ~'d'Wol (61'1) rya-'phlwnaam-' (lam-') N
    surface vessel. F-1 1 L'W eJ phlwnya-' N complexion.
    ~1
    ~

    or sucking organ of the bee. 1l1F.J i namph9:l)-' N honey. S 1 ~ F-1 ~


    J'

    ( S 1 ~) rua:uph9:l)-' (rua:u-') N bee's nest. ( S ~) ra:uph9:l)-' (ra:u-')


    ~

    4'

    s ~ F-1 ~

    J'

    N 1. beehive. 2.

    "1 phiwphiw-' sV lightly, superficially.

    bee's nest.
    ~'W ph)Tyn-' C strip, sheet, piece; hence elf. for cloth

    ~ 1 L~'W phlwph;"i;:m/ sV 1. superficial, on the

    surface, skin-deep. 2. superficially.


    ~ 1 1'1 S Sbi6 ph Iwphan-' N complexion.

    in a form suitable for use and having a definite function, e.g. towels, sheets, curtains, rugs, dust rags, etc; also elf. for a strip or section ofland.

    ~'d'VIlT'l phlwnii:u-' N skin.


    0

    LSfl~'l'VIlT~

    ('liiJii1)r5og-'phiwnii:u-'(chanfd-'}

    N skin disease, dermatitis.

    ~'W ph}ryn-' N rash.


    LD'W~'W penph)ryn-' to have a rash.
    ~

    'tl1fl~1QJ11 ph(!agphlwkh~aw-' N the white-skinned


    group, white people.

    phu?/ V to be decayed, rotten.

    '

    344
    ~'VH
    v

    phu?-'phatJ-' V to be dilapidated.

    (of a vehicle}.
    ~'1J1tl ph!lukh~aV

    ~'W~ fanphu?/ N 1. tooth decay, dental caries.


    2. decayed tooth. V 3. to have dental caries, decayed teeth.
    ~

    N eleg. salesperson, seller,

    vender.
    ~
    'U

    A'W
    V

    ph!lu-'khon-' N people.
    I

    lil phud-' V to emerge, rise up, appear suddenly,

    o ~A'W~1'W1LJ:w1 ph!lu-'khon-' phaan-'pajmaa-' pas'U

    pop into view.


    I

    sers-by, those passing by.


    v

    ~ lil ~

    phudph~tJ-'

    to be bright, clear, radiant,

    ~fi'WA'J1

    ph!lu-'kh6nkhwaa-' N eleg. researcher,

    sparkling.
    ~lil~n

    investigator.
    ~

    phud-'lug-' to sit up, stand up, jump up sud,!..

    A'W b A tJ ph!lu-'khunkhddV N e I e g. an acquaint-

    'U '

    denly.
    ~lil~f1~1il'W~ phudlug-'phudn~tJ-'

    ance.
    V elab. colloq.
    ~

    A:W philukhum-' N warden, prison guard; warder,

    'U '

    to be repeatedly getting up and sitting down again (e.g. because of restlessness, impatience).

    keeper, one who has custody (of a detained person).


    ~~ ~ ~
    v

    lil

    philu-' cooncad-' N e I e g. vagrant, vagabond,

    ,
    ~

    ph!lu-' N e leg. person (rarely used alone with


    v..,

    homeless wanderer.
    ~ ~ lil n 1 ~

    this meaning). 2. male (not used with people). 3. element placed in front of verbs to form

    philucadkaan-' N manager.

    - D i s t. A'W

    ,;jliln 1 ~
    VI

    "person in charge (usually temporarily)."

    agent nouns; hence may be translated "-er, one who ... " (very productive usage). C 4. elf. for people. 3.
    v

    ~'1.11
    'U

    tJ philuch!laj-' N 1. assistant, helper, aide.

    2. rescuer.
    ~'t11tJ
    ,

    -s y n.

    3, 4 fi'W

    GJ

    com. -See
    ~
    'U

    phtluchaaj-' N 1. man. 2. male (of people).


    <V

    fi'W GJ

    NOTE. All nouns based on

    take

    ---Syn. ~~~ eleg. -+Dist. 2. lil'J~


    v
    'U

    "male

    FI'W as their classifier unless otherwise marked. lil 1 ~ tuaphnu-' N male (normally not used with
    v

    (of animals)." ---Opp. o


    blil n ~ 'tl1 tJ
    "' v

    ~Vl~~.
    N boy, lad,
    -~-.

    deg-'ph!luchaaj-', -phuu-

    people). -Dist. 't11tJ people)." -Opp.


    v v v
    v "'

    GJ,

    ~'t11tl
    'U

    "male (of

    little boy. -Sometimes written

    -Also

    lil'J L:l-W

    "female." N

    "' blilf1't11tl.

    o l n ~~ lil 1 ~ ( El'W) kees3::m-'tuaphnu-' (?an-') bot. stamen.

    ;l~tl'J'ti1bl) 'U
    ;~ ~ 'U
    o

    ph!luchtawchaan-' N eleg. expert,

    specialist. phCus91J:::: 1 it. who, one who. khawpen-'pht1us91J::::


    'U '

    bD'W;lD'Wfi'W penphilu-'penkhon-' elab. colloq.


    'U

    to be presentable, like a normal human.


    VI

    b'tJ 1 bD'W;~ ~ 'llf1 A'W 1;'J 111 ~

    nEl n1 ~

    phnuk~okaan-'

    N rebel, revolutionist,
    V

    thugkhon-' wajwaatJ-'caV! He is one whom everybody trusts.


    I

    ~ n'1ri\J ( A'W, 'W 1 tJ) ph!lukamkab-' (khon-', naaj-')


    N 1. director. 2. co II o q. chief of police. o ~n'1n'Un 1 ~ lil'1~ 'd ~ philukamkabkaan-'tamruad-'
    'U

    ..,

    instigator of disorder .
    ~

    ltiJj 1

    phCuth~w-'

    N e leg. old person, aged

    person.
    v.,

    ~
    'U

    lil

    phCudii-' N 1. nobleman, noblewoman. 2. gentleman, gentlewoman. 3. a refined person, person of refinement. ----0 p p.

    N (district or provincial} chief of police . o ~n'1rl'Uf11~UG1~H phnukamkab-'kaansadeetJ-' N stage director, film director.
    ~~

    ..,

    T~; .

    ph!luduu-' N eleg. spectator, onlooker, audience.

    ~n'1rl'Uf11~ (A'W,'W1tl} phnukamkab-'kaan-' (khon-',


    naaj-')
    V
    I

    N director, head, the person in charge

    ~lilllG1
    'U'U

    phCuduulee-' N eleg. superintendent, over-

    of things.

    seer, caretaker, keeper.

    ~1nG1lf1mJ phnu-'klajklla-' N eleg. mediator,


    arbitrator.
    ~'1J9J

    ~blil
    v

    phCudaV e 1 eg. 1. who, whom, anyone, any..

    body. 2. who? whom? o ~ blil f11il1 :W phCudaj-'k~caam-' whoever.


    vv'U

    ph!lukhab-' N eleg. operator, driver (of a


    d

    vehicle).
    v..,

    ~l'leJ1G11iu

    ph!lut~tJ-'sous~:V N eleg. a suspect,

    ~'lJ'lJo

    philu-'khabkhli-' N eleg. operator, driver

    one suspected of a crime, of wrongdoing.

    345
    v._,

    ~H91eH'Vl1 phOu't~:uhaa'
    ~

    N eleg. the accused, a

    ~'UqJ'l.i 1 n 1 ~
    ~

    ( FI'W, 'W 1 t.J) phOubanchaa'kaan' {khon',


    N commander, commanding officer

    defendant.
    ~r~r&w phOu'tadsin' N eleg. judge, umpire,
    ~

    naajl)

    '-'._,

    (esp. in the higher echelons).


    ~tJn Fl

    referee.

    "'

    "' t:Jri1H phOutaaml N eleg. follower. 'IJ


    o

    -Ant.~'W'1.
    'IJ

    "'

    'IJ

    S eJ ~ phOupogkhroo:u' N 1. ruler. 2. guardian.

    3. parents.

    b'IJ1bV'W~'W'1 bnltJ'W~r11:W 'IJ 'IJ

    khawpen'phOunam'

    ~ l tJ'WtJ ~::: 6 1'W 'll


    ._,

    phtlupen'prathaan' N e 1 e g. chair-

    - rawpen'phOutaam' ~ He is the leader; we are his followers. t:J ~ lil rl1 :W phOutl.dtaam' N 1. an aide who travels
    'IJ

    "'

    "' "' t:.~'Wrln~6l'W~n~i)S (A'W,'W1t.J) phOuphftMg'santi::: 'IJ


    r~ad'

    man, president .

    {khonl, naaj')

    N e 1e g. policeman.

    with his superior. 2. entourage. t:./'11 phQulthti::: eleg. those who, those whose;
    'IJ

    t:.~'W~1n~1
    'IJ

    "'
    ._,

    (FI'W,'W1t.J) pMuphipMag'saa' (khon',


    N judge.
    1

    "d

    naaj')
    or
    'IJ

    one who, one whose.


    ~

    r.J'W:W~ 'l'1Vf'W 1 t.J phQuphim'camnaajl N publisher.


    v or

    "'bl'Yl'W ( FI'W, 'W 1 t.J) phOuthem' {khon', naajl) N 'IJ


    1. representative (in the legislature). 2. dele-

    -Also
    ~~lil
    ~'I!

    ~'W:w~.
    ~

    pht1upht1ud' N eleg. speaker; one who is

    gate. 3. agent, representative.


    q,

    speaking; spokesman.
    "-'._,

    ~bl'I1'W'(1'Vl'W1t.J
    'IJ

    (FI'W) phOuthc:c:n'carnnaaj'(khon')

    ~r'l ~
    ~

    phQufa:u' N e 1 e g. listener; those who are

    N selling or distributing agent. o t:Jbb'Yl'W n~~p


    'IJ

    ( FI'W, 'W 1 t.J)

    phQuthem'r~adsado::m'

    listening; audience. "' ~ildft.Js~ ('111'W) phtlumiiklad' (tMn') N eleg.


    'IJ

    {khon', naaj')

    N people's representative {in

    honorable person {i.e. one with rank, distinction). t:JiJeJ'W'l:::n'W phtlu'-mii?an'cakin' N eleg. a well'll off, well-to-do person.

    the legislature). o 61 Jl1 t:Jbb 'Yl'W ( 61 Jl1 ) saphaa'phOuthc:c:n' (saphaa')


    'IJ

    "'

    N House of Representatives, the lower legislative body in a parliamentary government.


    ~'W
    'IJ

    ~ileJ1'JL61 'IJ
    9

    phtlu'mii?aa'wusOo' N eleg. a senior

    eJ t.J pht1un:5oj' N 1. an inferior, a junior person, a younger person. 2. the little fellow. -Ant.

    person (in age, rank or status). "' ~il8'11S~Iil phtlulmii?ld'thiphon' N eleg. influen'11

    tial or powerful person. t:J bt.J 1 'd phtlujaw' N 1. 1 a w a minor. 2. 1 it.


    'IJ

    "' t:J'W'1 phQunam' N leader.


    '\!
    I

    ;h~~. 'IJ

    youth, youngster.

    o r~'1bb'Vl'W ~ ~'W'1 tamnE::u'phOunam' the leadership,


    'IJ

    ~sn~1n1Hb't1'W pht1u'-rags.1akaan'them' N eleg.


    'IJ

    i.e. the position of leader.

    acting {chairman, etc.) i.e. an official who serves on a temporary basis or as a substitute for another.
    ~

    "' ~'W,1'111
    'IJ

    ~ phOunamthaa:u'

    N guide, one who leads

    the way. r.J'U ~Vf1 S phQubooriM.an' N administrator, execu'IJ

    S 1 t.J phtluraajl N criminal, bandit, wrongdoer, villain (esp. in a movie or a play).


    I

    tive.
    "-'

    t:J~b~:W phtlu'rf?'r~dm' N eleg. originator,


    'IJ

    parents. -Syn. t:JtJ ~ A'U


    'IJ

    ~elbb:W

    com.
    ~S
    'll 'I!

    one who originates an idea or invents something. pht1un1u' N eleg. one who knows, a wellinformed person.
    t:JbSt.J'UbSt.J~
    'IJ
    ~ ~

    ( FI'W, 'W 1 t.J) pMuba:ukMb' {khon', naajl)

    N commander. -Chiefly in compounds.


    0

    t:JtJ~ A'Un 1 sti'W phQuba:ukhab'kaanbin' N air'll

    phQulrtabria:u' N eleg. compiler,

    commander. o r.J'U ~ FI'U n 1 S ( FI'W, 'W 1 t.J) phOuba:ukhab'kaan'


    'IJ
    "'~

    author.

    ._,

    t:Jiil1n:w1n~ ph1lul~ag'-m~ag'dii' N elab. colloq.


    'IJ

    (khon', naaj')
    ._,

    N commander (esp. in the lower


    VI

    the nobility, the elite, the people of the upper classes .

    echelons). ( A'W, 'W 1 t.J) phOuba:ukhab'banchaa' N superior, director, head.


    F--1

    ~tJ~ A'UtJqJ'l.i1
    'IJ

    'IJ

    'd 1 s 1 'lin 1 s

    ( FI'W, 'W 1 t.J)

    pht1u'w~ar~adchakaan'

    (khan', naajl)

    {khon', naajl)

    N governor, commissioner.

    346 o ~11S1Vn1S~~~1~ (A~.~1~) ph0u 1 waar~ad=


    'IJ
    "'

    ~n
    'IJ

    Q.l

    o e-J~~'l~ 1n'W phOujitJ'Makin' N prostitute, 'IJ streetwalker. o

    chakaan'ca:uwad' {k:hon', naaj')


    ~ ~

    N provincial

    governor, governor of a

    ~ ~ ~1 ~.

    1SA ;~~
    'IJ

    r6og'ph0uj I:u' N veneral disease


    1sA'US 'Io} ,

    "'' o WJ1 n vn 1 S Jl1 A 'IJ

    (A~,~ 1 !'.J)

    phOu'waaraadcha= N regional govero

    (contracted by a man). -+Cf.

    kaan'phaag' {k:hon', naaj') nor, governor of a


    Jl1 A .

    b~ 8;~~ (A~ ) 'IJ

    sya'phOujitJ' {k:hon') N slang

    ''

    wolf, woman-chaser.

    ;1 LA
    'll
    VI I

    "to}

    phOuwfseed' N one who possesses super-

    ;~in 'IJ 'IJ

    ;1mU

    phOulag'phOujaj' N colloq. adults,

    natural powers; magician, sorcerer.


    ~ 61 ~ 'IJ 11 phOu' so:uk:haaw'
    'IJ

    grown-ups, elders.

    N correspondent (for

    ;1~~
    'IJ

    phOujaj' N 1. adult. 2. (one's) superior,

    a newspaper).

    (one's) elder. 3. the big fellow.


    2, 3.
    ~~8 !'.) .

    "' n. -+Ant. 1. b ~

    ~611T'U61~'W ph0u'-sanab'sani:in' N el eg. sup'll '

    porter.

    o o

    ~61JJAS phOusamag' N eleg. 1. candidate (for 'IJ


    office, election). 2. applicant.
    ~ 61 S 1 ~
    'IJ

    J~;1 ~~ chan'phOujaj' 'IJ ;1 ~~;1'W phOujajMan' 'IJ


    village .

    senior, high-ranking. N elected head of a

    "'

    ..., ,

    phOusaa:u I

    N e leg. builder, constructor,

    ~ 8 1~

    phOu?aan' N e 1 e g. the reader {the one

    creator.
    ~

    reading).
    8 1 S n'tJ 1 phOul?aaragk:ha.a' N e leg. protector,

    "'

    'IJ

    .. 611 LS

    server, one sent as an observer.


    ~ S 1 v n 1 S ( '111 ~)

    guardian.

    phOusa.mred' r~adcha=

    ~ 8 11-ftJ phQu? aasaj' N eleg. 1. inha bitant , tena nt.


    'IJ

    kaan' {than') N 1. regent, king' s regent. 2. viceroy (esp. in former times, the viceroy of
    v

    2. dependent (one who lives in someone else's household, receiving part or all his support there).
    ~ 8 1~ 1 tJ n 1 s phou?amnuajkaan'
    'IJ "'

    India).
    ~ 61HJ 1!'.J
    'IJ'IJ

    N director.

    phOusuu:u'? aaju? l

    N lit. , eleg. an

    w 81~ d !'.) n 1 S'U S ~ 1 s ph{lu?amnuajkaan'b:J:Jriha.an' 'IJ


    N director, administrator, executive. ph{lu?)ryn' eleg. {the) other people, others,

    elderly person.
    ~ L 61 'W 8 ph0usan~8'
    'IJ

    N e leg. a speaker for the

    ~ 8~
    'IJ

    "-'d

    affirmative; one who makes a motion or proposal (as in a debate).

    the others.
    ~8'\..Jn 1s ~
    'IJ '

    phOu'?ubpakaa 'rci?' N ele g . pa tron,

    "' ~ Lb 61 fiH phOusadee:u' N eleg. player, performer ; 'IJ


    the cast. o
    ntJ~1:W~Lb61 fiH
    'IJ

    supporter.
    ~

    raajnaam'phOusadee:u' N eleg.

    'IJ

    tie ' bind, faste n. ~ "' ~ 1 ~ n A 8 ( ~~, 8 ~ , b 61 ~ ) phaaphuugk:h:J:J' N 1.


    "' 'IJ

    phuug'

    the cast (in a performance) .

    scarf (ph}'yn'). 2. tie (?an'.


    t:-1
    'IJ

    s~n') .

    r-m~~ phOuji:u' N com. 1. woman. 2. female 'IJ


    (of people). -+Also

    n'IJ 1 fil

    phuugk:haad' V to monopolize.

    n1 s - -

    ~~~.

    -+Syn. 1. 61111S

    monopoly; monopoliz ing.


    ~n 'l'W

    eleg., 8 111 ~ lit. -+Dist. 2. (of animals). -+Opp. o "' ~ Lfln~~nl


    'IJ

    vl'J biJtJ

    female

    1'U 1'11 phuug'phajaabaad' V to be vengeful,

    ~V1 ~ .
    'IJ

    vindictive, bear a grudge. N girl, lass , -+Also

    "' "'

    degphOujltJ' -phuu-

    ~n .W~ phuugphan' V 1. to tie, bind, be tie d , bound .


    'IJ

    little girl. -+Sometimes written - ~- .

    2. {the heart, mind) to be a bsorbed (with), pre oc cupied (with), wra pped up (in) (e.g . love d ones, work, obligations). n 1S -ties, bonds; being

    "' n ~nJ'l "' L~


    'II

    o 'Yl1'We-J~~~ thanphOuji:u' T 1. Lady--. P 2. Her Ladyship, Madame. -+See cross reference. o


    ~~nl~ A~

    absorbed (in), being wrapped up (in), preoc cupation (with). o


    'IJ8~n'V1 ~

    "' "'

    L'l'H'.I1 phOujltJ'k:honthtaw' N prostitute,

    streetwalker. o

    ( 'IJ8 )

    k:h:I:J'phliugphan' (k:h:I:J')

    ;~~ 'l 6111 'IJ

    phOuji:u'saaw' N youngwoman,

    obligation, binding condition; r e striction, strings (attached to a deal) .

    teen-age girl.

    ~n
    'IJ

    347
    ~

    ~nd.Jii1
    'IJ

    phuugrnad'

    to tie, bind.

    n1 s--

    tie,

    b ~ lJ 1 111 'l
    v

    phaj~<":J'tua'

    V to raise oneself from a

    bond, obligation.

    prone position.
    bWt:JeJfiJ.J phaj~<":J'jirn' V to smile with slightly

    "' "' o 'IJ 1 ~ n J3'1i1 ( 'IJ 1) kM::>'phuugrnad' (kh~::>') N 'IJ


    obligation, binding condition; restriction, strings (attached to a deal).
    ~ n~ 111 s phuugrn f d/
    'IJ 'IJ 'IJ ...,

    parted lips.
    Lr..J~1 phl~<":J/

    V 1. to forget oneself, let one's mind

    to make friends.

    wander for a moment. 2. to be unaware, off one's guard. L~ ~ eJltJ phli::i<":l'paj/ V to forget oneself for a rnornent. L~ ~bl! pha?<":l<":ln' by chance, by accident, accidentally, unexpectedly; it happened that. --Also tJ'l L~bl!. LeJ 1 phi1w' V 1. to burn, burn up, consume by burning;

    ~n lJ.JI11; phuug'rnajtrii' V to make friends.


    ~ n ( ...

    ) l ')

    phuug( .. )waj/ 1. to tie, bind up,

    keep tied up. 2. to be tied, tied up, kept tied up.


    bW Vbj! phach<":J<":ln' V to confront, to face.
    b ~ Vbj!'VI~1 phach<":J<":Jnn.1a'

    V to face, meet face to

    face.

    "' li1 phed' b~


    v '"

    V to be peppery, hot (in taste, not tern-

    to cremate. 2. to heat with an open flame, to bake.

    perature).
    Lbn b ~li1 k~ephed' V to get back at (someone).

    n 1 LeJ 1l
    A'W LW 'l

    VI; kaan'phi1wrn.1j/
    LAS 1
    d
    ~-

    N combustion.

    bb n 'l b ~ li1 keeuphed' N a variety of hot curry.


    bW!i1'i phedcii' to be extremely peppery, hot (to
    '" J"

    dinph~w' N the baked or hardened clay


    -

    of earthenware.
    L111 'l LW1
    'U

    earthenware.
    N 1. furnace.

    the taste).
    br.Jii1lQ phedchli' to be extremely hot (to the taste).
    '" d

    ( L111 'l) tawphi1w' (taw')

    2. kiln. 3. incinerator. 4. crematory.


    'Wo1~ ~n b eJ 'l narnphrfg'phi1w' N a condiment of

    '" li1 S "'1 'W phedr:'>:Jn/ V 1. to be hot and spicy (of bW


    food). 2. to be biting, acrimonious (of things,
    ' bW!i1~ phaded' V lit. eleg. to cut.
    <(

    roasted pepper and other ingredients combined to form a paste. LeJ 1l Yl phi1wfaj/ V to burn.
    LW'lA~ ph~wsob'

    words, an argument, a song).

    bW li1 'in 1 S phaded'kaan' V to exercise absolute

    V corn. to cremate. -+Syn.

    control, be dictatorial. r.J- 'IJ


    <(
    ~

    dictator.

    o 'i1J.JbW!i1'in1s- c::>::>rn'-phaded'kaan 1 N dictator.


    A

    LJ~Hi~,!JnlJ'Wfi'i eleg. ' b ~ 1 ( b t:l1 ) phaw' (phaw') N 1. race, tribe, group

    <;;

    ~'!Hi b ~ li1

    'i n 1 ~ ladth f? '- phaded' kaan'

    N dicta-

    (of people). C 2. elf. for same. L~'W in the following entries.

    torship.
    bW'W phen'*

    V 1. to jump, leap. 2. to flee. V to jump, leap suddenly.

    ~ 'l b ~'W phiwph~<":Jn' sV 1. superficial, skin- deep.


    2. superficially. L~'W 'l ph~<":lnph<':}<":Jn' superficially, uncritically.

    b r.J'W~ Sd lil phenphrilad'


    b ~ tJ ph1}<":Jj/

    V to reveal, make known, uncover,

    expose, open.
    b'U lil b wIJ p8<":ldph~<":Jj/

    b~lJ~ phla?/ i mit. 1. the sound of a slap (as when


    V 1. to disclose, reveal,
    d L~

    slapping a child's wrist). C 2. a slap.


    1 phya/ Cj 1. provided that; if; in case. Pp 2.

    uncover, expose; to open up. 2. to be open, frank, outspoken.


    ' t:J1 b W tJ phaaph~<":Jj/

    for (in the sense of "for the benefit of, as a kindV 1. to be dignified, majestic,
    d

    nessto"). -+Dist. 1.

    d b~1.

    proud. sV 2. majestically, proudly. ' bW lJ bbW ph~<":ljphh' V to propagate, popularize, spread out.
    bW lJ bl~ S pM<":ljphr~e' ide rn.
    b fW

    LeJ 1 bbt:l phyaphh' V 1. to be generous, generous to. 2. to share.


    bW 1 'l 'l phya'w.1a:::, phya:"w.1a/ if, supposing, in
    d

    case. L"' W 1 n

    phaj~<":J/

    V 1. to part (the lips) slightly, open

    ' phyag' V to be white (in special senses),

    (a door) slightly. 2. to be slightly parted, open.


    v

    albino.

    3. to raise, lift slightly. 4. fig. to be haughty, act big.

    V'l~

    d'ivn ( L~JeJn)

    cMauphyag' (ch?ag')

    N white

    elephant (i.e. an albino elephant).

    348 L~ e.Jn l!:J ( ~'J) phyag/ N taro (hQa/ for the rhizome). L~ eJ ~ phyad/ V to be pale, pallid, wan.
    I

    of paper, boards, phonograph records, plates of glass, etc. 2. class term for such items.
    ..:::..

    Lb~'\J~'\J

    ( ~'\J, LL~'\J~'\J) phtndin/ N 1. earth, ground,


    (phen~

    'if~ L~eJ~, L~eJ~'iJ~ stid/phyad/, phyad/s1id/) V


    to be very pale, white as a sheet. o

    land (phyYil/), 2. nation, kingdom, realm din/). C 3. reign.

    l'!,:-1.U~ L~eJ~

    n.1a/-shd/phyad/ to turn pale

    o As- eJ ~ LL~'\J~'\J khD~u/phendin/ V to reign.


    I

    (in the face); the face to turn pale. L~ eJ ~ fH phyad/lou to turn pale.

    ~'U'U~ ::::J.J11JHL~'\J~'\J

    u6bpramaan/phendin/ the

    national budget. o o

    "'1 L"' W\J ~ eJ ~ n.1a/phyad/ V 1. to become crestfilllen,


    have one's face fall. 2. to turn pale (in the face); the face to turn pale.
    LL~

    LL~'\J~'IJ1 ~
    ~ bb~'\J~'\J
    I

    phendin/jaj/ N the mainland.


    ( fl
    ~ ~)
    l;:

    1 l'I'J

    ph'tndin/wiij/ (khniu/)

    earthquake. o ~ ~:::: L "11 Lb~'\J ~'\J ( ~ ~:::: eJ .:J fl , eJ 'l fl) phn1c.1wphtndin/ (phni?ou/, ?ou/) N king. ph'tnslau/ (ph'tn/) N phonograph

    phf:e/ V to spread out, stretch out, expand (laterally), extend.


    'IHJ'\JU~

    n:xmphf:e/ V to lie sprawled out (esp.

    Lb~'\JL~f.J~ (Lb~'\J)
    record.
    LL~'\J n

    on one's back).
    I

    L ~ f.J Lb~ pMajphf:e/ V to propagate, popularize,

    ( Lb~'\J n ) phanE:eg/ (phanE:eg/) N 1. department,

    spread out.
    L~ eJ LL~ phyaphf:e/ V 1. to be generous, generous

    section, division, subdivision. C 2. elf. for same. o LL~'\J n n 1 ~ L ~'\J phan'teg/kaanuan/ N finance department, finance division.
    LL~

    to. 2. to share.
    LL~ eJ'1'\J 1 Gl

    phf:e/?amn.1ad/ V to extend one's


    fl

    power.

    ( LL~ fl ) phlee/ (phlee/)


    I

    N 1. wound, cut. 2.

    u~n (1'1JGl 1n) phteg/(pajcaag/) V to differ, be different (from), unlike, strange.


    ~~u~n ( 1tJGl 1n) phldpheeg/(pajcaag/) v to differ,

    sore (e.g. an infected insect bite).


    'U1mL~fl (Lll-1~)

    ba.adphlee/ (hf:u/)

    N wound, cut. 2. to have

    L'lJ'IJ LL~ fl penphlee/ 1. to be wounded.

    deviate, be different (from).

    a sore.
    LWflL'l1'1J (LL~~) phleepen/ (hf:u/) N scar. 4' <V Lb~fl L ~ eJ ~ .:J ( LWfl) phlee/cyarau/ (phlee/) N

    LL~~ in Lb~~ L ~f.J ~ phhdsiau/ V to roar, scream,


    yell, sing at the top of one's voice.

    chronic ulcer or sore. scheme, representation.


    I

    LL~

    fl 'l .

    See entries below.


    ( A''l) khamphleeu/ (kham/)

    LL'U'ULL~'\J

    ( eJf.J 1 ~) beebphen/ (jaau/) N 1. custom,

    A''lLL~fl ~

    N a word

    tradition, established pattern, conventional rules. 2. standard reference.

    whose shape has been altered either by certain derivational processes, as in the case of ~~ LtJ'\J
    ~

    LL~'\Jn 1 ~

    ( eJ~ 1 ~, el'\J) pMenkaan/ (jaau/, ?an/)

    converted from

    L ~'\J, or according to certain

    plan, project, scheme. --Often incorrectly spelled - n 1 HU. o 'J 1 Hb~'\Jn 1 S" waau/phtenkaan/ V to plan, plot, to lay out a plan, plot, or scheme.
    d Lb~'\J'Yl

    rules of rhyming, as in the case of lil,:::: 9& 1 ~


    lil,'l~.

    from

    " Lb~fl ~b]'YlS phlteurfd/ V 1. to manifest supernatural power (usually in order to strike terror). 2. to act up, show itself. 3. to show (its) effects (as of poison, drugs). 4. to show one's nature, disposition (e.g. by stubbornness, temper, etc.).
    bb~ fl ~

    ( Lb~'\J) phenthti/ (phf:n/)

    N map.

    LL~'IJ1h "11T'IJ ph~en/padcuban/ N 1. new plan, mod-

    ern plan. 2. (as n. mod.) modem, of the modern type.

    r'1 ~

    phlteus3~n/

    V to shoot (an arrow).

    Lb~'\J~~ O'IJ,el'IJ,Lb~'\J) 'II


    phf:n/)
    I

    phenpMu/ (rilub/,?an/,

    LL~fl'U

    c;

    phl'tb/ sV 1. quickly, swiftly (up and down, in and out). C 2. an instant.


    c;

    N plan, layout, scheme.


    LL~

    bb~'\J

    phf:n/* C 1. elf. for thin, flat objects, e.g. sheets

    fl'U

    1 phl'tbphlf:b/ sV quickly and repeatedly

    bbt'-J d

    349

    (up and down, in and out). ' bbt'-J 'J , bbt'-J 'J '1 phew', phf:wphew'* sV softly, lightly,
    '

    stopped raining.
    ~'W'Iin

    faintly (of sound, voice, touch).


    bbt'-J 'J ph~w'* to clear, clean, sweep clear. ' t'-J eJ '1 bbt'-J 'J ph~uph~w' V to be clean, pure, clear

    rain.
    ~'W'111 b:WALbWl fon'-saamect'ltew~ The rain is
    <: "'

    '

    fl'>nchug' it's raining a lot; there's lots of

    subsiding, letting up.


    ~'W171n

    (esp. in the cast of one's mind).


    bbt'-J 'J bl1 '1
    ph~w'th.[au'

    fontog' it's raining; it rains.

    V to clear the way (by re-

    ~'WI'ln'lin

    moving weeds, obstacles).


    bbt'-J 'J '1'11 'W
    ph~wphaan'

    a lot, there's lot of rain. o ~'W171n L'lin fontog'ch~og' it's pouring, raining in bucketsful. o ~'WI'ln'M~:W 'l fontog'-jimjim' it's drizzling.
    ~'W 171 '1 b Fl1 fon't~ukhaw'
    !:; "'

    '

    fontog'chug' it's raining a lot; it rains

    V to trouble, disturb, bother. 2. to rush up (to) with

    Lt'-J pMo' V 1. to dart, dash.

    arms spread out (to greet or embrace someone).


    L t'-J ~'W pMophinl V to fly from place to place

    it is getting ready to rain,

    (of birds).

    it looks like rain.

    Lt'-J'\J

    See entries below.

    ~'W LiluJJ fonthiam' N artificial rain.


    ~'W'\'1 f1 fon'phram' it's raining lightly and contin-

    t'-J 1 rJ L f.J'W phaadphl'>on' V to be adventurous, dare-

    devilish.

    uously.
    ~'W'Yl1eJ1n1f'l

    L~ rJ Lt'-J'W lOodpMon' V 1. to be extraordinary,


    unusual, unconventional. 2. to be exciting, thrilling. 3. to be adventurous, daredevilish.
    L t'-J b t'-J phl'>oph~e' V to be weak, fatigued, tired. L t'-J ~ phloo' V to emerge, come up, show up. t'-J ~'U 1t'-J ~ phlubphloo' V 1. to be bobbing up and
    9

    "'

    fl'>nfaat?aakaad' N elab. weather,

    climate.

    ~'W~ ~ L~A fl'>n'loumed'~ It's starting to rain. "'


    ~'WLL~ '1

    fonlteu' there is a drought, there is a

    shortage of rain.
    '1'1~eJt.J'Yl1'1'1~eJt.J~'W

    "'

    phb:Jjfaa'phb:Jjfon' idiom.

    down in the water (alternately sinking and rising). 2. to appear and withdraw quickly.

    to be included or mixed up with others without actual participation; along with others.

    1~

    phajl N bamboo (the generic term). ;'W-bamboo stalk, stem.


    neJ1t'-J

    ( ;'W)

    '1'11 tJ ~'W phaaj(t?lfon' N rainstorm.

    L~A~'W medfl'>n' N rain drop.

    '

    '

    ( n eJ ) b:JphaV (b:J') N a clump of bamboo.

    ' 1'Ult'-J (btl) bajph.?tj' (baj 1 ) N bamboo leaf. "' ' lJJlt'-J ( ~'1) m<ijphaj' (lam') N bamboo (the wood,
    the stem).

    bl A ~'W ryduulf<'Sn' N e leg. rainy season. 'IJ


    ~ dJ ~'W

    lomfon' N rain- bearing wind, rainstorm,

    rain and wind.


    ~::; eJ eJ '1 ~'W

    la ?:J:JD'fon' N fine drizzle, rain mist;

    fine droplets of rain (blown in by the wind). 611 tJ ~'W saajfon' N the line of fall of a raindrop, the vertical traces of falling raindrops, the pattern of parallel lines seen in a rainfall.
    v

    f3:J' HIGH consonant. Pronounced f and used initially only.


    !:;

    'M'W 1 ~'W n~afiSn' N co 11 o q. rainy season.

    'Mt.J1A~'W (L~A) jaadfon(mect') N eleg. raindrop.


    v

    ~'W

    'l n, '11'1) fon'

    N 1. rain. 2. shower, rainfall

    eJ 1 'J ~'W ?~awfon' V (the atmosphere) to be sultry

    (c~g'

    com., haa' e leg.). khrymfaa'khrymfl'>n' V e lab.


    ~'W
    I.!:J

    (showing definite signs of rain by high humidity and a sudden increase in temperature). fon' V to whet, sharpen, rub against, abrade. fygfl'>nl
    (

    &' "" &' Fl ~ JJ'Yl1 Fl ~ dJ ~'W

    co 11 o q. to be very cloudy, look like rain. -Also "'


    &' FlSJJ~'W.

    nn~ 'W
    J_,

    to train, practice, drill. N Occidental, European,


    J_,

    171 f1~'W tramfon' V to be exposed to rain.


    'W'1~'W

    ~ ~ '1

    Fl'W)

    farau' (khon')
    VI'~

    namfi:Sn' N rain water.

    westerner. -Var.

    '1.

    ~'W "iJ 1 rJ b ~ rJ bb~ 'J fon'- khaadmect'ltew~ It has

    bD'W~t'l

    pen'fara.u' to be or act like a European

    350

    or an Occidental.
    e.! n"(} ~ ~ ~ phagchii/faran I
    J_.
    ~ I

    tl1 ~n u 1 'l
    N parsley.
    ~

    ( ~n)

    thilafagjaaw' (fag')
    ( lii'W)

    N long-podded

    J..

    cowpea. lii'W-~ nm
    J..
    ~

    long-podded cowpea plant.

    ~~

    UH Fl1 faran'mankh~a 1 N co 11 o q. Occiden-

    ( ~ n) fagthua' (fag') N bean pod.

    tals, westerners.
    ~~HHnb)~
    J..
    ~

    eJeJn~n ?~,.;:,gfag'

    faran/?ankrld' N Englishman. man/faran' (hUa')


    I

    ~n

    ID in

    v to pod, put forth pods. ~n1J (L'W,~eJ) fagfaj/(naj:::,6o:::) v

    to

    :J.J'W~

    S~
    J_;.

    J..

    ( 'Vl'l)

    N Irish potato;
    cv

    pay attention (to), be absorbed (in), interested (in).


    ~~

    potato. -+Dist. dJ'UL'YlA


    'Vl:J.J 1 n ~ ~ ~
    cv
    q_.,

    "sweet potato." maag/faran' (h~o/, ?an/,

    ( 'VleJ' eJ'U' n eJ'W)

    tan'

    1. to bury, put in the ground. 2. to be

    k!'bn/)
    ~n
    J.. J..

    N chewing gum.
    'II

    buried. N

    ID

    ( 'U , ~ n , e.~~

    ..,

    ..,

    fa ran' (bajl, 11lug', phOn') the guava tree.

    LJfln~~ pluug/fan' V 1. to marry (someone) off. 'II


    2. to establish (a person). 3. to cultivate, plant, establish (in the mind).

    guava. lii'W-~

    ( lii'W)

    s ~LA~

    faranseed' N 1. France. 2. French;


    J..

    Frenchman. [f. Fr. franc;ais J 'l/1 'l ~ n LA~


    J..

    ~~ 1 ~ fancaj/ V to impress.
    N

    ( Fl'W) chaawfaranseed/ (khon')

    ~~ m'J fantua/
    ~

    to burrow. to bury alive.

    the French people.


    'lh:::: L'YlA~n LA~ pratMed'faranseed' N eleg.

    1:: ,., r-1 ~ '11 ~ L'U'W an'tM~npen'

    ~~1'Wn J::::l71n fau'najkraduug' to become a habit, 'II


    be deeply ingrained.

    France.
    Jl1~1 ~

    J..

    LA~ phaasiia'faranseed'

    N French,

    ~is n s 1 n fau'r6grfiag/

    to settle down perma-

    the French language.


    eJ'W L 171 "l'W~ ~ ~ LA~ ?indoociin/faranseed' N French
    ~
    ., "' J..

    nently, take up residence.

    ~ ~ S 1 n f<lnr~ag' V 1. to be founded, rooted. 2.


    to take root.

    Indochina (formerly a Fr. colonial federation).


    I

    r-!eJ foo' V to wither, dry out, be abortive (of fruit,

    ~~A 'W tau sob' V to bury a corpse.


    o 'Vlfl :w ~ ~ A'W ( 'Vlfl :w) liJ.m'fiiusob' (llim') 9 9 mind, in one' s beliefs.
    ~~
    J..

    seeds).
    'tl 'Hli'Vl'WI71 r-1 eJ khw~nnli'diifoo' V e 1 a b. co 11 o q.
    CV
    Ci .:::4

    N grave.

    ~~~'J fauhua/ V to be firmly entrenched in one's

    to be startled, frightened, scared out of one Is wits.

    fan' N 1. coast, shore. 2. bank (of a river).

    1"l JeJ
    ~eJ[J

    cajfOo/ V to be frightened, have one's

    -syn.

    d lil~~.

    heart shrink with fear. f3jl* N 1. shreds, fibers. 2. spray, droplets. 3. trivialdetails. V 4. slang tochat. 5. to

    'l11uJ~ ( L6~~)
    J..

    chaajfan' (hen')

    N 1. coast, shore.

    2. bank, edge of a river.

    1lil u Iii fl eJ lil s eJ lil r-1 ~


    L1J'wJ~ 61J'W~1
    J..
    I

    doojtal~od'r~odfau' e I a b. colloq.

    .., n ~ ~ eJ tJ

    brag.
    ( 1'1'l) kO.nf3j/ (tua')

    i d i o m. safe and sound. N small shrimp . penfau'penfaa 1

    ~ eJ tJ Fl 'J 1 :J.J

    V idiom.

    to be

    f3jkhwaam' N insignificant point,

    settled down, have a family.


    ~~'11::::6fl (66'Vl~)

    trivial details.

    fan'thalee 1 (heu 1 )

    N 1. seashore,

    ~eJU'YleJ~

    (el'W,:f'U,Lle.J~) f3jthoon 1 (?an',cabl,


    J..

    seacoast, coast. 2. (as n. mod.) coast, coastal.


    ~~'Ill
    cU

    ..,

    phi:en') N a kind of egg-yolk confection consisting of thin threads of yolk boiled in heavy syrup.

    ( ~ ~) faunaam' (fan') N river bank, bank


    ( r-1 ~) fau'mtenaam' (fan')
    .Lt

    J..

    of a watercourse.
    1 q_,

    ~ i 66:J.J'\{1
    muunf~V

    N river bank.

    :w fl ~ eJ u ( n eJ ~ )
    'II

    (bon')

    N rubbish,

    ~lil fad' V to winnow or separate heavier granular


    materials from the lighter ones by using a winnowing basket (as in separating rice grain from chaff).

    refuse, litter, garbage.


    ""

    fibrous roots of plants.

    ~n

    ~n) fag' (fag') N 1. hull, pod, case, sheath,

    ~'W fan 1 V to dream.

    A'.l1 :w-- a dream.

    scabbard. C 2. elf. for same.

    66n ~'W k~ef<ln' V to interpret a dream.

    351
    1"' ~ LFl~:W~'W
    khl~dmfan'

    V to dream, forget oneself.

    son of medium rank sp. to another royal person of same or slightly higher rank; inferior sp. to royal person of medium rank). o

    {! 11 ~'W nygf~n' V to imagine, dream.


    ~'W D ~ f~n'thTI1::::: to dream about. ~'W r'11'Wiill'11'Wiil::: fan'-pentu?lpenta?/ to have a
    lifelike dream, a coherent dream.

    1;~TI'I~:::'U1'11
    1 8 ( 'lJ 11 )

    t1iajfaa'phrabaad' P roy. you

    ~'W~1tJ fanraajl N 1. a bad dream, a nightmare.


    I

    . "' fJ :w
    f-l1 l.!:J

    (sp. to high-ranking royalty) .

    "'

    faamyy' (kMa:u') N palm of the hand.

    V 2. to have a bad dream, a nightmare.


    ~ I

    faa' V 1. to go through, walk through. 2. to brave (hardship, danger). sV 3. through (e.g. hardship, obstacles, danger).
    ~
    I

    ~'W '.l1

    fan'w1ia:::::

    to dream that. V to dream (of). dreamy mood, day-

    1~~'W ( D~) fajfa.n'(thTI1:::::) 81 ~ ;w;~'W ?aarom'fanl N


    dreaming mood, reverie.
    ~1
    (

    o L A'W rJ 1 A 1 dddn'-taal dou' to walk through a


    forest.
    lil f-l1
    ""I

    f-l1, A 1'W) faa'

    N 1. lid, cover (faa'). 2.

    tiilfaa' to attack and break through (e.g. the

    partition, wall (d1ian').


    iJAf-l1 pldfaa' V to put the lid on, cover with a lid.

    enemy's line).

    ~ 1 ~ 'W
    1
    Q...l

    faatyynl V to violate, disobey.


    Q...l

    f.J - - violator.
    'U

    L'iJ'W~~ L'iJ'W~1
    f-l111 S::: A 1'W

    penfa:u'penfaa' V idiom. to be
    I

    rJ 1'1'l'W, 'l'l'WW 1 faafan', fanfaa' V to struggle, fight


    against (obstacles, dangers).

    settled down, have a family.


    ( Llf.J'W) faakradaan' (phn')

    N wooden

    ~1el'Wiil~1tJ

    faa'?antaraajl V to brave danger,

    wall, wooden partition of a room.


    f-l1 Fl ~ 8'U

    (l 'U)

    faak:hr~:Jbl (bajl)

    N cover, dish

    .., fJ 1 fa.a' V to be foggy, cloudy, dim (of glass, of the


    eyes).
    q,
    I

    take risks .

    cover (used to keep out insects).

    ~ 1V ( f-l1, el'W) faachii' (?an', faa')

    N a cover

    11 ~::: 'l11 ~ 1

    ( lbf.J'W, 'U 1'W) kracog'ta.a' (phn1, baan')

    placed over a dish of food as protection against flies and other insects. It is usually made of wire, bamboo or rattan.

    N frosted glass, opaque glass. L1J'WJ1 penf1ia' 1. (glass) to be fogged; (the eyes,

    vision) to be clouded. 2. to be defective, imperfect (as of diamonds).

    ~ 1 f.J'!T ~ ( rJ 1, A 1'W) faaphana:u' (faa', d1ian') N


    (interior) wall (of brick, stone, etc.).

    fJ 111 faag' V 1. to deposit, entrust, leave (something)


    (with someone), put (something) in the care or custody (of). 2. to enroll (e.g. a child in a school).
    111 ~ 111 ( lil'W, Fl'W) kaafaag' N 1. a kind of parasitic

    " f-l1VI8

    (A 1'W,

    rJ 1) faaM:u' (da.an', f~a') N wall

    of a room.

    "'

    N 1. twins, twin.

    2. Siamese twins.

    climbing plant (t6n'). 2. one who lives at the expense of others (khon'). -+Also 1. lil'W-'lJ 81 ( lil'W) . ( 8 ~ 11 ,

    "' 11 LA
    6111
    'U

    rJ 1LlW A

    ( Fl' , Fl'W) degfaafcd' (kh11u', khon')


    'U

    N 1. twin children. 2. Siamese twin children.

    rJ 111

    ~'W, eJ'W)

    kh:'l:J:ufaag' (jaa:u'. chin',

    fJ

    ' 1 UW A ( Fl , Fl'W) l11ugfaafcd' (kh11u', khon')


    'U

    ?an')

    N something entrusted to one person to

    N 1. twins, twin children. 2. Siamese twin

    be delivered to another person; something brought

    children.
    I

    as a gift for someone (e.g. one's hostess or her


    N palm (of hand), sole (of foot).

    rJ 1
    I

    faa', faa::::

    family).
    L ~'W ~ 1 n udnfaag' N money on deposit.

    -+Chiefly in compounds.

    fJ 11il'W ( 'lJ 1 ~) faatiin' (k:h1iau') N com. sole of


    the foot, pad of animal's foot.
    I .._, -.,

    ""

    rJ 111 Fl n

    Jl ( rl'U)

    faag'khan'(ka:::::) V e 1 e g. to have

    prenatal care (at).


    N

    rJ 1 L'l11
    I

    ( 'lJ 1 ~) faatMaw' (kh1iau')

    e leg. sole

    w111 L ~'W faag:udn' V to deposit money (in a bank).


    o 1 'U ~ 111 L ~'W ( 1 'U) bajlfaag:udn' (bajl) slip. o ~ :w A~ 111 L~ 'W ( L61 :w ) samud'faag:udn' (l~m') bankbook, passbook.
    N deposit

    of the foot, pad of animal's foot.


    W1'U1'11 faabaad' P roy. you (inf. sp.to low-rank-

    ing royalty).
    I

    rJ TW s::: 'U 1 '11 faa'phrabaad' P roy. you (royal per-

    352

    ~1n~a faagch~'

    V idiom. to leave a good

    ~1(Jli11:J..JLb~::;~1(J'Vl'W

    "'

    faajtaam'ldaajnli' the pursuer

    name behind for oneself.

    and the pursued.


    I

    ~1n ~~ 1n l;( rl'U)

    faagphiilfaagkMjl(ka::::)

    ~1(JfiS::;n1s

    e 1 a b. co 11 o q. to ask (someone) to take care of one, or of one's body, in the event of sickness or death.

    tical side; the practical aspect. 2. (on) the administrative side; the administrative aspect. -comp.
    I

    '

    faajl-thUra?'kaan' 1. (on) the prac-

    ~1(J'J'IJ1n1s.

    "'

    ~ 1n i'n ( l

    ;rl'U) faagrag'(wajka::::) v

    to propose,

    1 (J'U n faajbug' N the offense, the side on the

    to declare one's love, give one's heart (to).


    ~1n~'HH11tJ

    offensive (in sports, war).


    J 1 tJ i''U faajrcib' N 1. the defense, the side on the

    '

    faag'llladlaaj' V idiom. toleave

    (with someone) the impression of one's skill,


    I

    defensive (in sports, war). 2. the taker, receiver.


    ~

    ability, etc.

    1 tJ sn S 1'1.! taajlrugraan' N aggressor.

    ~ 1 n ... l;

    taag:::: ... wajl to leave (such and such)

    J1tJ1't11n1s faajl-wfchaa'kaan' (on) the academic,

    '

    (with someone), entrust (such and such) (to the care of someone), deposit, put (such and such) on deposit (with).

    theoretical, technical side; the academic, theoI

    retical, technical aspect. -com p.

    1 () s s::; n 1 s ,

    J 1tJGf:I..J'W'W6:J:jlil s faajlsclmphan'thamfd' N the Allied

    '

    i''U~ 1n rabtaag' V to accept the care of (something) (for someone), to take (something) into one's care.
    I

    side, the Allies.


    ~1() L~'Wa

    '

    faajsan~d'

    N the affirmative side (in

    a debate).
    ~1tJ'Vlbj)~
    A

    ~ 1 V1

    ..,

    <9.l

    faad' V to be astringent (in taste).

    faajjltJ' N 1. the women's side. 2. (as

    lWW ~ 1 V1 t6nfaad' N a kind of tree whose bark is

    n. mod.) women's, female.


    ~

    used in tanning and dying.


    ~ 1 V1

    1 tJ f~aj' N cotton.
    .!, ..,

    i1

    in

    l111 ~ 1 V1 taafaad' V to have an illusion,

    'IJ'W~

    1tJ panf~ajl V to spin cotton yarn. ( 'IJ ()) pujf.1ajl (pujl)

    be fooled by one's visual perception.


    ~

    'IJtJ ~ 1 ()

    1 V1 m in the following entries.


    L~a V1 ~ 1 V1 l9adtaad' N co 11 o q. blood.

    '

    cotton wool. 1 ~ 1 () ph.1af.1aj I N cotton cloth, cotton fabric .

    '

    N cotton fiber,

    i:J

    aJ.J L~ J ~ m ..J~ 1 ~

    ?oml9adl?omfaad' V e 1 a b.

    ~ 1 tJ ~'U f.1ajdlb' N raw cotton .


    ~ :J. J a~

    ..,

    ...

    colloq. (the face) to have a good color, a clear, healthy complexion.


    ~

    1 tJ

    (~ n ) sam5of.1aj' (lllug') qJ

    N boll of the

    cotton plant.
    d'W fln' N opium. ;'W-- ( lil'W) Aand'W

    1'\.l fclan' V to slice, cut thin (using a horizontal or nearly horizontal motion).

    poppy plant. N poppy.

    (~an)

    doogfln' (doog')

    ~ 1 tJ

    faaj' N 1. side, party, group. C 2. elf. for same.


    j;
    I

    Iii Ad'W
    I

    tldfln' V to be addicted to opium.

    N'W L mm flnthyan' N smuggled, illegal opium.


    :'!

    .J

    o '11'1 ~a 'I~ 1 tJ tMus3oufaajl both sides.


    0

    <9.l

    ~ '" (Vl'J, L:J..JA) fiil (hua', medl)

    N pustule, boil.

    an~

    "'

    1tJ'tY'W.:J ?ligtaajlny:u

    the other side, the

    'IJ~n~ pluugfii/ V 1. to vaccinate (against smallpox). 2. to be vaccinated. vaccination.

    opposing side, the opponent.


    I ..,

    n 1 S- - smallpox

    ~ 1 tJ A 1'1.!

    faajkhcian' N 1. the negative side (in a

    debate). 2. opposition (in politics).


    I

    ~A 1~ fiidaad' N com. smallpox. Sometimes


    spelled

    ~1tJ'I.i1tJ

    faajchaajl N 1. the men's side. 2. (as

    ~A 1 A , which is considered to be
    V11 A
    <9.l.

    n. mod.) men's, male.


    I ..,

    etymologically correct; see

    -s y n.

    ~1tJ'I.i1tJ

    faajsaaj' N the Leftists; the Left.

    1sAl;m'W~.l;m'W~

    eleg.

    ~ 1 tJ

    L~ tJ 'J faajdiaw' 1. one side only, alone. 2.

    "'

    o 'IJ~n~A1~ pluug'fiidaad' V 1. to vaccinate qJ (against smallpox). 2. to be vaccinated.

    one- sided.

    ~1tJ'l~J1(J'Vl~.:j

    faajdajlfaajnY!l' one side

    or the

    ~l 'W;a 'I , LHI- -

    fiinajth:Sou', r6ogl--

    N co 11 o q. eleg.

    other, either side; any side.

    (pulmonary) tuberculosis. -Syn. 1~LSA

    353

    lfl

    in the following entries.

    ~ 1 ~'W faafyYn.' V to violate, disobey. ~-violator. 'IJ


    ~'Wl bJ .tyyn'cajl V to force oneself (to do something) against one's will.

    ~~fl S fhcag' N speed, velocity {of anything propelled by an engine).

    ~~'W Hitiin' N com. speed (of foot), pace.

    ~ b;1 fiitMaw' N eleg. speed (of foot), pace. o b ~ :J..I ~ b;1 tem'flithciaw' at full speed. o b ~tl ~ ~ b;1 sia:u'fiitMaw' the sound of footsteps.

    ~'Wff:w fyY-n'j fml V to force a smile. ~'W~'VI~1 fyY-n'siin~a' V to force oneself to


    a certain facial expression.
    I

    assume

    ~'W q

    flin' N dust, powder.


    ~ I

    'lllil ~'W padfun' V to dust, dust off. q


    ~ ~
    'IJ

    ~'ll1 n fhpaag' N verbal skill, oratory skill.


    o ~~'ll1n tii'fhpaag' V colloq. to argue wittily, wisecrack. o ~:J..i~'ll1fl rim'fiipaag' N lip. o

    fuu:u' C flock, herd, pack, swarm, group, crowd, party.


    I I

    ~ ~ 'l.i'W
    'IJ

    ( fl ~ :W, 'VI:W)
    q

    'IJ

    fuu:uchon' {kluml, muu')

    N a

    crowd, a large group of people.


    ~~il'W (~~) fuu:ubin/ (tuu:u')
    'IJ 'IJ

    o'Hl ~'ll1 n

    ?uad'fiipaag' V colloq. to show

    N milit. a group

    cleverness of verbal expression.

    of airplanes.
    d b'WO'W~~
    'IJ

    ~~0 Himyy' N manual skill, craftsmanship.


    I

    (A'W) ph?anfuu:u' (khon')

    N (one's)

    fl1 S - - handicraft, handiwork.

    '1.1 1 ~

    - -

    skilled

    friends (collectively).
    'VI~~~~
    'IJ

    craftsman. o eHJ 1 ~ 611il r.J:J..iJ jaa:usud'fiimyy' doing one's best, q to one's best ability.
    I

    ll)tJfi1utJ' V

    l;

    stray away from one Is own

    ~"<

    group, herd, flock, etc. 2. to be in the wrong group, herd, flock, etc.
    b ~ 1 1iw'

    ~1~~ 1 tJiJeJ

    flimaajllaajmyy' N e lab. co 11 o q.

    V 1. to watch, watch over, keep, take care

    craftmanship, workmanship, skill, ability.

    of. 2. to have an audience with, appear before (royalty). fl'W-keeper, watcher.

    ~fl fYg' V to practice, drill, train.

    ;~fl 61 J'W <u

    ( fl'W) phOu'fygs:S::m' {khon')

    N instruc-

    b'IJ 1 b ~ 1 kh~w1iwl V to have an audience with

    tor; trainer.

    (a royal person).
    b ~ 11il f~wduu' V to keep watching, keep an eye on.
    'V

    ~fl ~'W fygfl)nl V to practice, drill, train.

    'IJ

    ~fl~lil fYgha.d' V to practice, drill, train.


    practice, drill, training. o

    fl1 S--

    b ~ 1'll S'W'W'ITm 1iw'pronniood'

    to be at hand, to

    serve, wait on regularly.

    bb'U'U~m1'1il

    (;eJ,'U'tl) bb::b'fYgha.d'

    (kh~::> 1,bod')

    eltl n'U b'Viti 1 b ~ 1 fl'U b s J'W 'IJ

    Q...l

    q__,

    Q..l

    juu'kaj~w'- f~w'karyan/

    N exercise, drill {in a textbook). o LS~ bSti'W~fl~lilflS roo:urianlfyghadkhruu'


    'IJ

    e lab. to stay at home and look after things (considered a good quality for a woman).

    teacher-training school, teacher's college, normal school.

    b~Jfl (;1~, a'W)

    fyag'

    {kh~au'. ?an')

    N plaster

    cast, splint {for setting bones).


    b ~ J'W fyan' V to have an unpleasant taste, be puckery.

    ~ lil f)ryd' V to be tight, stuck, difficult to move;


    (machinery) to bind, stick (as when in need of oiling).
    fl 'J UJ-- friction.

    il~'VI~1 b~J'W miislin~a'fyan'

    to have the facial

    expression (usually suppressed) of one who has encountered something unpalatable, unwelcome, humiliating; to be discountenanced, abashed.
    bb~fl

    ~ lil fl J f)rydkh::>::>l V 1. to be hard to swallow (as


    dry bread). 2. to experience difficulty in swallowing (as because of dryness of one's throat).

    fhg' N elephant grass (used for roofing).

    ~ lil b A0 ~ f)rydkhyau' V 1. to be poor, hard up.


    2. to be scarce, meager. 3. to be difficult and frustrating; to have rough going. 0 tJ 1 ~ -poorly, in poverty, in an impoverished manner.
    W'W f}'yn' V to do against, act against, act in opposi-

    bb~ ~ ft{;u' V 1. to hide, conceal. 2. to be concealed,


    kept in secret.
    b fl ~ J'U bb~ ~

    khl?abf~{;lJ' V to be hidden, concealed, naamf~{;lJ' (naam') N pseudonym,

    unclear, ambiguous.
    'W 1 :W bb~ ~ ( 'W 1 :W)

    tion, to force.

    assumed name, pen name.

    354
    ~

    'W'W vmnHl1.:j'W.:j

    llr.Jiil feed' N (as n.mod.) twin, double, paired.


    I

    hlt.gniau'thaauphou' V elab.

    r.J 1 llr.J lil

    (A, fl'W) faafeed' (kh11u', khon')


    'U

    N 1.

    co 11 o q. 1. to clear the land. 2. to clear (e.g. through the jungle).

    a path

    twins, twin. 2. Siamese twins.

    ~mlr.Jiil 'U

    (fl'W) 111ugfeed' (khon')

    N twins, twin

    'WH'l1'Jiil1~
    l~m')

    (lil,1J'U,

    b~:J.J)

    phousaawadaan' (chabab',

    children.
    1J fa.j/ V to have an interest (in), pay attention (to).

    N historical annals, chronicle. 2. gram.

    'Wii'W ph6d' N eleg. 1. word, speech.

    -sometimes written

    1 J.
    t~::>:::)
    V to pay atten9

    number.
    ~'W'YJ~'Wii'W

    rTn 1J(1'W, ~B)

    fagfaj/(naj:::,

    silnth::>::>n'ph6d' N eleg. speech.


    I

    tion (to), be absorbed (in), interested (in).


    1J1"1 (1'W) fajcaj/(naj:::)

    'Wii'W1'Wn~:J.J
    9

    ( bfil:J.J)

    ph6dcanaa'nukrom'

    (l~m')

    V to pay close attention

    dictionary.
    - 'W b ii 1 See 'Wt"\! 1

    (to), be interested (in), absorbed (in).


    1JeT'W ( D1) fajfan'(thTI!:::)

    '/./ 1 'W b ii 1 under '/./ 1

    il

    V to dream (of).

    ( B ~ fl , fl'W)

    phajaa' (?ou'. khon')

    N 1. king,

    1J~ ~ 'U
    o

    fajsiluu' V to aim high, aspire (e.g. to

    chief. T 2. title preceding name of a king, chief.


    'W1~'Wt"\!1 (B~fl)

    social eminence), be ambitious.

    naauphajaa' (?ou')

    N queen.

    dJnh~~1J~ ~ 'U

    magjaj/Htjsuuu'

    elab. colloq.

    'Wbl.! i

    '111'W

    phana?/th~n'

    T eleg.def. 1. Honora-

    to be ambitious. fl 'J 1 :J.J- -

    ambition, ambitious-

    ble--. P 2. Your Excellency, His Excellency (sp. to or about high officials). NOTE. Also written
    'Wbl.! '111 'W 'l11'W 'W. '11.
    i

    ness. NOTE. This expression is used in an unfavorable sense in Thai. o

    'Wbl.! i and sometimes incorrectly


    ~

    B~11J~~1;d1wfni jaafajsuuu'-Mjk88n'sag' 'U


    Don't set your ambitions beyond your station. 2. to seek.

    The formal reading is 'Wbl.!'Vl 'J b ii 1

    phana?/huac~aw'-th~n'.

    1JVY1 fajhaa' V 1. to long for. 1r.J ( b~lil) faj/ (med')

    ph::>::>th::>::>/, also read phanthoo'. Abbrev. for


    i'W L'l1 lieutenant colonel.

    N mole (on the skin).


    'U

    1J. See 1J.

    'W S ( fl'W)
    "~~

    phathuu' (khon')

    N woman, wife, bride. (khon') N best-

    t:J Blil'W S ( fl'W)

    j~bd'phathuu'

    beloved (woman), i.e. one's wife or sweetheart.


    'W'W phOn' V 1. to spray, squirt, blow. 2. s 1 an g
    d

    to boast, brag. 3. to speak.


    'W ph::>::>' LOW consonant. Pronounced ph initially,

    b fl ~ B ~-- sprayer,

    spraying apparatus.
    Qlil'W'W chlid'phOn' V to spray.
    I
    ~ "' I

    b finally. The sound ph as an initial low consonant is also less commonly written Jl.
    'Wn ph6g' V 1. to carry on one's person. N 2.

    'W'Wfl'J'W phl)nkhwan' V to puff out smoke or fumes

    (as a chimney, etc.).


    'W'W ph6n' V to go beyond, be free from.

    pouch or pocket formed by the tucked or knotted part at the waist of a sarong or phanung.
    1nVYn'Wnfil:J.J koohog'ph6glom' V elab. colloq.

    ~ 1'W;'W1 LJ

    pba.anph6n/paj/ to pass by, go by, elapse.

    'W'WbAn:::'Vl ph6nkhr5?/ V to be free from misfor-

    "'

    to tell a lie.
    v

    tune or bad luck.


    'W'W16i't:J ph6n'wisaj/ V to be beyond human control,

    llbl:J.J'Wn thtemph6g' V 1. to give as lagniappe,

    give something free to a customer with the purchase of something else. 2. to give a premium.
    il'W'Wn ( n ~::;'UBn) pyynph6g' (krab:,::>g')

    beyond the power of, beyond the lirrtit of.


    'W'W eJ n ph6n?og' V to be rid of (e.g. one's worry),

    N pistol,

    freed from; to have (something) off one's chest.


    I

    revolver.
    'Wnil'W ph6gpyyn' V to carry a gun on one's person.
    I

    o 'W'WBn'WBU:J.J

    ph6n?og'ph~bmee'

    to need no paren-

    tal care (as a result of being grown-up, of getting married).

    ~ ~ lil 'W n

    ( b~ :J.J) samud'ph6g' (H!m')

    N student's

    report book, report card.


    'W ~ phon' N 1. brush, thicket. 2. a kind of tall grass.

    :Wwff~'W;'W;'WIIi''J

    mii'-ntisin'l6nph6ntua' to be

    heavily in debt, be head over heels in debt.

    355
    ~

    'i'W1'\J1'tl

    ..., eJ ril'W'\J

    r~::>d"ph6n'

    V to escape (from danger),

    meet up with, run into.


    'W'IJ'lJ:::;

    be safe, be saved,
    VY~ril'W'\J

    ph6bpa?/ V to meet, encounter.

    ( ~ 1n) lud'ph6n"-(caag::::)

    v 1. to be

    o 'W'U'll::::Gi'W'tl'W1 ph6bpil.?lsonthanaa' to meet and converse.


    'W'U'W 1'\J ph6b'phaan/ V to meet, see, encounter. 'W'U 'J 1 'W'UVI'W 1 :W 1'\'l'\J
    ph6b"w~a::::
    ph6bn~a/

    released, be free (from). 2. to escape, get away (from).


    'W'\J:W,- -iJeJ phanom", phanom"myy" V to place one's

    to find out that. V to see, meet (someone).

    hands palm to palm in the attitude of adoration or salutation. -Also 'll ~ :::;blJ,J.J.
    ~

    -Syn.

    maaph6b' V to come to see, come to meet.

    'W'\Jn phanagl N a place for resting one's back or

    VY1 ( . )'W'U baa( ... )ph6b' to find (e.g. something

    for leaning against (e.g. the back of a chair).


    ~
    ....

    mislaid).
    'W:W1 pham1ta 1 N 1. Burma. 2. the Burmese. [f. Bur.] 'W. tJ
    ~

    'W'\J n Ln 1 eJ
    ~

    phamig"k~w?ti/

    N the back of a chair. N

    'W'\J n

    1'W ( fl'\J, '\J 1 tJ)

    phanag:gaan" (khon", naajl)

    Abbrev. for 'Wbl Fi ~ n 1 tJ'\J

    November. -Chiefly in the

    1. employee, worker, person responsible for a

    'W tJ n phajag' V to nod in assent.

    task. 2. duty, responsibility.


    ....
    ~

    L~ 1 'W'\J n ~ 1'\J ( fl'\J, '\J 1 tJ) naajl)


    'WUn

    c~wphamig:gaan'

    (khon/,

    ..., 'WtJnww 1 phajag"n~a' V to nod in assent. ...,

    following compound.

    N official, person in charge.


    ( fl'\J) phamig:gaan"thoorasab"

    o 'WtJnVY'W1VI~n '1

    phajag'n1ta'-:uyg:uyg' to nod the

    ~ 1'\J 1'11 ~ ff'W;


    "'

    head up and down, nod the head several times.


    'Wtlbl!V'\J:::; ( !ii'J) phajanchana?l (tua") N consonant. .., 'Wtlbl!V'W::::l11'W phajanchana?lt6n' initial consonant.
    ~bli.

    (khon')

    N telephone operator.
    ( fl'\J) phanag:gaan'phimdiid"

    'Wun ~ 1'\JoW:W'W ~ ril

    {khon")
    b Gi:iJtJ'lJ'WUn

    N typist.

    'WtJ 1 n

    "'

    phajaak::>::>n/ V e 1 e g. to forecast, predict,


    flo 1- .., ' ( 'lJ eJ ''ll ~:::; n 1 ~ ' eJ [J 1 ~ )

    ~ 1'W ( fl'W) samlan"phanag:gaan' {khon")

    prophesy.
    "' 'WtJ1n~bJ.I.eJ1n1Fi

    forecast,

    N employees (in general); clerks and workers.


    ~

    prediction, prophecy. phajaab::>nl?aakaad' V 1. to give

    'W'\J'\J phanan" V to bet, wager, gamble.

    n 1 ~- -

    gambling.
    un n 1 ~'WU'\J ( fl'W)

    a weather forecast. N 2. weather forecast; nagkaan'phanan/ {khon') N also


    'WtJ 1 ~A 'WtJ1G

    n 1 ~-- .
    phajaa:u' (phajaa:u') N, C syllable. (l)phaj1tad 1 ; (2)phajaa'thf?l N 1.

    gambler.

    ( 'WtJ 1 ~A)

    'UeJ'Wn1~'W'W'W ('UeJ'W) b:'>n'kaanphanan" {b8n") N


    gambling house, gambling den.
    b 61'\Jn 1 ~'W'W'W l@nkaan'phanan' V to gamble, engage

    (!il1)

    parasitic worm (in bodies of people, animals) (tua"). 2. sickness, illness.

    in gambling.
    'W b'W~ ~ phanee'c::>::>n' V to wander, roam, travel

    1~ fl1'WtJ 1G
    'WtJ 1'W ( fl'W)
    "'

    rookhaalphajaalthf?/, rookhaa'phaj1tad'

    N disease, sickness. phajaan/ (khon') N witness.

    aimlessly.
    'W'IJ ph6b' V com. 1. to meet, encounter. 2. to

    'll~::::cln'l~}'WtJ1'W (fl'W)
    tion.
    'WtJ 1'W b eJn
    ..,

    pracil.g'phajaan' N 1. eleg.

    come upon, find. 3. to meet, join, come together at one point. ter.
    ~

    eyewitness {khon'). 2 (visible) evidence, indica-

    n 1 ~ - - meeting, encouneleg.

    -Syn. 3.

    'Un~'IJ

    ( fl'W)

    phajaan'?eeg' (khon')

    N prime

    ril'W'U khudph6b" V to unearth, excavate.


    kh~wph6b'

    witness.
    'J 111 ~'W tJ 1'W

    "' b 'lJ 1'W'U


    call.

    V to call on, make a {formal)

    wadthu? 'phajaan' N e 1 e g. tangible

    evidence.
    srniJ'WtJ 1'W

    fl'W'W'U kh6nph6b' V to find out, discover. n 1 ~-

    sagkhli/phajaan' N el eg. 1. evidence.

    discovery.

    2. eyewitness.
    'WtJ1'\J1'tl

    'l!'W'U pajph6b' V to meet, go to see.

    ..,

    phajaabil.ad' V to be vengeful, vindictive . vengefulness, vindictiveness, vengeance.

    'W'IJ n'W ph6b"kan' to see, meet (each other) .

    ...,

    A'J 1:W--

    'W'U ( ) b'lJ 1 ph6b"{ ...

    )kh~w'

    to encounter,

    -Syn. eJ1:J-J1Iil.

    'VW TU 1'11
    /}/

    356

    'I.I'VW 1'\J 1 'tl khtiphajaabaad' V to be given to re-

    'l'lnA111~ b~eJ~

    ('!'InA)

    pMg'kaanmyau' (pMg')

    venge.
    A 'J 1:WeJ 1':l.l11ii'Wtl TU HI khwaam?aakh~adlphajaabaad'

    N political party.

    'l'lnWJ1~iltJ:w pMgcMadlnfjom' N nationalist


    party.
    'l'l ~~A '!'I 'J 11 ( A'W)

    N vengeance, vengefulness.
    [:1
    'U

    n'l'W 1'\J 1 't1 phuug'phajaabaad' V to be vengeful,

    pMgph1lag' (khon')

    N 1. partisan,

    vindictive, bear a grudge.


    'VW 1'\J 1~ phajaabaan' V to nurse, tend (e.g. the sick).
    111 ~-- nursing. 11UtJSJ'11T'W'\IW1'U1fl kaanpadcuban'phajaabaan' N

    fellow member, follower.

    2. close friends, mem-

    bers of an intimate circle; clique. -.Also G1JJA ~


    'l'IS~A'l'I'J11

    elab. colloq.
    ('!'InA)

    first aid.
    'W1H'W1'U161 (A'W) naauphajaabaan 1 (khon')

    '

    'l'lnAG1U'UG1'W'W 9

    phcig'-sanab'sanun' (pMg')

    N the party supporting the government. N

    'l'l~ ~A bG1 ~:wi-T~ AA~ 1 pMg'-seerii'manau'khasilaa'


    nN Serimanangkasila Party, a political party formerly headed by Phibun (Phibul) Songkhram.
    'l'l ~~A pharr' C sort, group, class. "'10 o 'l'l ~ ~ A'W'W phannan' that sort, that kind; of that

    nurse (as in a hospital).


    'lJ~ :W'l'W 1'\J 161

    patMm'phajaabaan' N 1. first aid.

    V 2. to give first aid.

    "'

    ~ mw 1'\J 161 ( A'W) r6d'phajaabaan' {khan') N


    ambulance.

    sort; such a sort. roou'phajaabaan' (roolJ'


    'l'l ~ HIJ, 'l'l ~
    ()

    h~'l'lt11'U161 (Ln,bb~~)
    heu') N hospital.

    pharr' C kind, type, sort. phanmaajl (chanfd') N kinds,

    H~1~ ( 'lii\111)
    LOJ

    'l'W1t11:W phajaajaam' V to try, attempt, endeavor.

    varieties of plants.
    'l'l ~ HJJ,

    A'J 1 :W-- effort, endeavor, try, attempt.


    'l'l~

    pharr' N complexion.

    1 phajuu' V to help lift, support (e.g. an injured person).

    ~ 'J 'l'l ~ HJJ, phlwphan' N complexion; skin color.


    'l'l ~ HlJ.'W 1 phannanaal, phanranaa' V to describe, to

    'l'l ~

    ( 'lJ ~::; 111 ~) ph;);)n' (prakaan')

    N blessing, bles-

    explain in detail. in detail.


    'l'l n '111

    111

    ~--

    describing, explaining

    sings.

    'nil1 Vi~ ph;);)n'piima.jl New Year blessings. v 1VI'V'J ~ Mjph;);)nl V to bless, wish (someone)
    happiness and good fortune.
    A'1--

    ( 'l'l n '111) phans<la' (phansaa')

    N 1. rainy

    season; the Buddhist Lent. C 2. rainy season; also loosely, year. 3. roy. year (of one's age).
    b'1.1 1 'l'l n '111 kh~wphans<la' V to be in the Buddhist

    blessing. to

    o eJ 'J tJ oUt! 1;'l'l ~ ?uajchajiMjpbJ;)n' V e 1 a b. wish (someone) happiness and good fortune.

    Lent {in the rainy season) (July- October).


    eJeJf1'V'JS S'\11 ?:J;)gphans<la' V to be out of the

    eJ 'J tl'l'l S ?uajph;);)n' V to bless, bestow a blessing;

    to wish (someone) well.


    'Vi.

    Buddhist Lent (October- July). Abbrev.


    'l'l ~ 1111 phr1lad'

    s. 'U.
    GJ

    ( 9l.13''U) ph;);)TJ;)b;);)' (chaoob')

    sV 1. abruptly, precipitately, suddenly,

    for 'l'l s::; ~ 1 'liDbl!~~


    'l'i S :W

    act of Parliament.
    I

    hastily. C 2. elf. for a sudden, precipitate action.


    b f.J'W'l'l S1 i1l phenphr1lad 1

    ph rom' V to sprinkle. pra?lphrom' V to sprinkle.


    v

    to jump, leap suddenly.

    'lJS::;'l'I~:W

    'l'l ~ 1 111 b ~ tJ 1 phr1laddiaw' all at once, in one gulp,

    'l'I~:W'W'1 phromnaam' V to sprinkle with water.

    in one fell swoop.


    'V'J ~ 1111

    'l'I~:W

    LOJ

    (~'W) phrom' (ph)Tyn')


    "' v
    q

    N rug, carpet.

    '1 phr1ladphr1lad' sV precipitately, hastily.


    sV abruptly, precipi-

    w ~ :w b'J111 b'111 ( [:I'W) phrom 1 chedthaaw' (ph)Tyn')


    N doormat.
    v

    'l'l S'l A'!'In i1l phr1ladphr~ad'

    tately; hastily and tactlessly. o eJ 1 'l'l ~ 'J A'!'Is 1 A b;1l tJ jaaphr1lad'phdad'- kMw:::: pajl don't just barge in (there). N frontier, border.
    ~ 11 'l'l n

    'l'l n.M1JJ'W

    ( ~'W, bb[:I'W) phrom'namman' (ph)Tyn',

    phen')
    'l'l S:W
    IJ1

    N linoleum.
    'l'l ~ :W bb111'W phromdec:n'

    in

    111 h1g'phr1lad' to stand or sit up abruptly.

    'l'l ~~A

    ( 'l'l n A)

    pMg 1

    (pMg')

    N 1. party, group

    'l'l ~ 1'W in 'l'l ~ 'J'W~'W

    phruandin/ V to work the soil,

    (especially political). C 2. elf. for same.

    loosen the soil.

    357
    '\'l:l'Vl:W,'\'l:l::;'\'lSV!J.J phrom/, phraphrom/ N Brahma. '\'l :1 V!J.J Gl '1 ~ phrommacaa/rii/ N virginity. '!'IS
    eld-Jbb~

    1 phr5:Jmltew/ ready, set.

    1'1 S eJJ.JG1 S S'l'l phd:Jm/sab/ V 1. to be ready, all set,

    Vli\)'l'l'lSV!J.J"l'l~ (Fl'W) jltJ/phrommacaa/rii/ (khon/)


    N virgin.
    I

    fully prepared. sV 2. all ready, all set, fully prepared. o ~ ... 'l'l s eJJ-JG1 s S'l'l mii/ ... phr5:Jm/sab/ to be fully equipped with (such and such); to have (such and such) ready.
    ~

    '\'l HH phr~u/* V to be decreased, lessened. 'U n '\'l S eJ ~ bogphr~tJ /

    "

    V 1. to be defective, not up

    to standard, deficient. 2. to be inefficient, negligent (as of duty). inefficiency, negligence.


    I

    Fl1 '1 d-J-- deficiency;

    '\'l :1 el:WVI'W '1 n'W phd:Jmn~a/kan

    all together.

    'l'l;n 'l'l s eJ d-J phrag/phr5:Jm/ V to be ready, well

    'tleJ'Un'l'lseJ~
    (kh~:J/,

    ('IJeJ,tJs::;n'ls) kh~b/bogphr~u/

    prepared .
    1'1 S ~ '\'l s eJ ;w
    .L "

    prakaan/)

    N weakness, fault, defect,

    phr~tJphd:Jm/

    V to be complete, fully

    flaw.
    0

    furnished, fully equipped or provided (with).

    'tJ '1 (11 [ii n'U n'\1~ s eJ ~ khaadtog/oogphr~tJ /

    to be

    bY~ftJ'U'I'lSeJJ.J phrtabphr5:Jm/ V eleg. to be fully


    provided (with), fully equipped, furnished, loaded.
    bVI'W'l'ISDJ-Jn'W henphr5:Jm/kan '\'lS::; (el-1Fl,Stl)
    ~

    deficient, defective, wanting; to fall short.


    'l'l :1 eJ J.J phro:Jm/ V to be ready, set, completed. b[ilrtJJ.J'\'l:leJJ.J triamphd:Jm/ V to be prepared,

    '"

    "-'

    to agree unanimously. N 1. lord, god.

    "

    phra?/ (?otJ/,r(lub/)

    n '1 :1-- preparedness, readiness. " ~~'\'lS eJJ.J thYtlphd:Jm/ V to meet all, have all
    on the alert. (requirements), attain (completeness).
    '\'l S eld-Jrl'W phr:S:Jm/kan at the same time, simulta-

    2. priest. 3. Buddha image. T 4. conferred title for officials of the third rank; cf. below, and see list of titles under 'IJ'W'W '1
    'l'l S:; lJ '1
    ~.

    title placed before the name of the Buddha ("Lord Buddha"), before the names of divinities, before places and things associated with Buddhism, sacred places and things, places and things associated with the King, etc.
    ' Flbl6'l'IS::;"J'JtJ

    '

    5.

    neously, all together, unanimously.


    <V
    <1-/ .}'

    '\'l S eJJ.Jn'WtJ phd:Jm/kannii/ at the same time (as

    this), this same time.


    ~

    '\'l S eJJ-Jn'U phr:S:Jm/ka:::

    together with, at the same

    time as.
    "-'

    '\'l :1 eJ:w1 "l phr:S:Jmcaj/ V to be unanimous, in

    '

    khunphra?/chOaj/~

    Oh, my goodness!

    (Used esp. by women). daawphrakeed/ N Neptune (the planet).

    complete accord, of one mind.


    'l'lSeJJ.Jt'l'ltJ phr:S:Jm/d(laj:::

    t'l '1 'd'l'l S:; b n ~


    ~The
    (11

    together with, at one

    names of the major planets are listed under

    and the same time with.


    iO 1'1 s eJ d-J'Il ~ phr:S:Jm/tM.u:::
    d

    '1 d

    "

    together with. to be ready to. at one and the

    t'l '1 d'1 s:; b Fl s '1::; VI

    ( t'l 1 -1 )

    daawphrakhr5? / (duau/)

    1'1 :1 el:W'Il"l::; phr:S:Jm/thtica:::

    N planet.
    liS -1'\'l s::; e1n11s
    v

    ~Also

    t'l11 bFln::VI daawkhr5?/,

    '!'IS el:W

    'l

    rl'W phd:Jmphd:Jm/kan

    sou/phra?ags:S:Jn/ V roy. to write. N beneficence, benevo-

    same time, all together.


    1'1 :1 eJ d-J b1'1 ~ tJ ~ phd:Jm/phriau /

    1'1 S::; ~bli, phrakhun/ e 1 e g.

    V 1. to be complete, o

    lence.

    ~Also

    Flbl6 com.

    ready, fully prepared. 2. to be unanimous, harmonious, in harmony, in unison. sV 3. in unison, all at the same time.
    Fl1 'l:W--

    'IJel'U'l'IS::~bli,

    kh~:Jbphnikhun/

    '

    eleg. def. 1.

    Thank you! V 2. to thank.


    'V'I S::; 'fW'Il S

    full

    ( li1 1 ~)
    ( eJ 1 Fl)

    phracan/ (duau/) phniceedii/ (?ou/)

    N moon. N pagoda,

    cooperation, united or unanimous action, unison.


    '!'IS
    el:Wd-J~
    ~

    "" tJ 1'1 S:; b ~ t'l

    phr5:Jm/muun/ sV fully, completely,


    I

    stupa, a memorial edifice with or without relics preserved inside.


    1'1 s:; b "l1

    to perfection; in abundance. completely.

    ellJ 1 ~--

    perfectly,

    ( eJ ~ Fl)

    phrac~aw/,

    phrac.1w::: (?otJ/)

    "" . '!'IS el:Wd-J61 mii/ ... phr5:Jm/muun/ there o J.J


    ~

    1. God (esp. of a monotheistic religion). 2. ruler,

    are plenty of. .. , there is everything in the way of ... , to have everything in the way of. ..

    king, lord, god; used in certain compounds only. T 3. King --. 4. element occurring in various

    358 royal and religious titles.


    V

    r.iadchawau' (heu')

    N e 1 e g. the grand palace.

    o 'W ~ ~ l 'l1 'l n ~ 'W:! ~ lil phrac.iwdtgkrapMdl N 1. emperor. 2. the emperor of (e.g.Japan). o
    'W~~l'l11il1

    'W~~tJ~~nvil phrabJrommaraa'chiniil N eleg.


    1. the supreme queen, highest queen. T 2. Her
    'W ~ ~ tJ 1 '11 ~ ~ l

    (eHA) phrac.iwtaa' (?ou') N lit.,

    Majesty the Queen. -+0 p p.

    ~ 'l 'W S ~ -

    de f. term of address for an old ascetic. o 'W ~ ~ l ; 1 bb ~ 'lJ ~ 'lJ ( 'W ~ ~ eH fl.-) phrac.iwphendin I (phra?ou') o
    'II

    N king: ruler of the earth.


    ('W~~v~fl)

    naau'c.iaw'-phrabJrommaraa'chinii/ N 1. term for the highest rank held by a queen. T 2. Her Majesty the Queen.
    'W S ~tJ S ~ SLJ phrabJrommarilub' N e 1 e g. picture
    'II

    ow~~ l'l1~n lfiv

    phrac.iwHlugthdd'

    (phra?ou')
    c:;;

    N 1. roy. son. T 2. title for a


    v v
    ClJ

    son of the king, added to other titles, as in


    v v
    ClJ

    ~~llil'l'W~~l'l1~nlovl'l1~1,'W~~l'l1~nlou
    tr

    or statue of the king.

    ...

    'W~~tJS~I~f'l1'lJI~f'l
    9

    ('W~~v~fl)

    phrabJrommawou=

    'W~~l'l11~1~fllfiv'W~~u~fll'l1

    phraciwwJJra=

    saa'm1wou' (phni?ou') ber of the royal family.


    'W1~tJHif'i'W

    N e 1 e g. royalty; mem-

    wouthdd'phra?ouc.iawl N 1. prince. T 2. Prince --, Princess --. -+Used for a grandchild of the king, whose father is a and whose mother is at least a
    ~~
    c:

    phrabJrommasob' N eleg. corpse, royal funeral.

    llil 'l l 'l1~ 1

    body of a king. n 1 S-'W~~tl1!11V!~I~.

    Vi~

    v~ ll'l 1

    "'

    See

    'W~~tJ1'!1V!W:H.

    ow ~ ~ tJ 1 '11 ( ow ~ ~ tJ TYl ) phraooad 1 (phraooad')


    (?ou 1

    N, c

    phra?ou 1 )
    'W ~

    N 1. king. T 2. King--.

    roy. foot.
    I

    -+Syn. See Fl'IJ.

    -+See also o

    ~tJ 1'11~~ l ~ l'l--.


    phrac.iw?asoog' KingAsoka. 2. life.

    o t:J 1'W ~ ~tJ 1'11 faa'phraooad' P roy. you (royal person of medium rank sp. to another royal person of same or slightly higher rank; inferior sp. to royal person of medium rank). o 'W ~ ~tJ 1 '11 ~ ~ l ~ 'l phraooadl somded' T His Majesty -- (not used prior to coronation). For examples, see the list of names under

    'W~~l;1v1f'ln
    ~ 'll'!J~'W n ~1

    'W ~ ~ 'll'!J~ phrachon' N roy. 1. age.

    o 'W ~

    phrachonlphansllal N roy. com.

    age. -+Syn .. D 1~

    oo l Q~~'W ~ ~'ll'!J:W'W ~ HJ-1 chal8dm' -phrachon'phan= saa 1 to celebrate the king 1 S birthday. o

    :;Jn S.
    N

    i'IJ'W~~'Il'!J~

    stn'phrachon' V roy. to die. mad'- somded 1 phrac.iwjuuhi1a' (phra?ou')


    1. king. T 2. His Majesty the King.
    'W ~ ~tJ ~ ~ s 1

    -+S y n. See lil1 tJ co m.

    'W~nltJ phrathajl N roy. heart; mind.


    'W ~ ~ '!11'\J phra?lth.in=
    d.l.-

    -+0 p p.

    P co 11 o q. 1. he, him, o

    vi!

    the Queen.
    (v~A)

    the god, the holy being. 2. he, him, the priest.


    'W ~ ~ 'YI'IJ ~ phrathtin.u' N throne. 'W ~
    ~

    'WS~tJ1'!1Vi~~~

    phra?lhladluau' (?ou')

    N 1. Roman Catholic priest. 2. any robed N the Christian clergyman. --Also spelled 'W ~
    VI~

    6~

    ~~

    phratham', phratham'ma=

    ~tJ

    11il

    Dharma, the Buddhist teachings. o


    'W~~fiSS~l'Yif'i'lJ1 phratham'math~e'sanllal,

    'W~~LJ~:w1JilotJ phraparamaa'phithajl N roy.

    -theelsanaa/ N Buddhist sermon, preaching.


    'W
    ~ ~ 'lJ A ~

    royal signature, name .

    ...

    phranakhJJn' pN 1. Phra Nakhqn, the

    'W~~LJ~~fil'IJ

    {v~Fl)

    phraprathaan' (?ou')

    N the

    township in which Bangkok is located. N 2. capital city. o


    'll11'W~~'!Jfl~

    principal Buddha statue in a Buddhist temple.


    'W ~ ~LJ n ~ Fl ( 8 ~A) phrapraau' (?ou 1 )

    N stupa.

    {Fl'IJ) chaaw 1 phranakhJJn' (khon')

    'WS~~I'l1fi

    N the people of Bangkok, Bangkokians,


    'W ~ ~'IJ v'IJ ( v ~A) phra?nJJn' (?ou')
    ~ I

    phraphud' N theLordBuddha. "' ... o 'W s ~ ~ '11 6 l "l1 ( 'W ~ ~ D ~A) phraphUd'thac.iaw' (phra?ou') N the Lord Buddha .
    (D~fl)

    N a reclining o

    Buddha (i.e. Buddha image).


    'W ~ ~tJ ~ ~~V!1 n 'If I ~ ( ll VI~ ) phrabJrommahJ.al

    'WS~'W'YIGSLJ
    9

    ...

    'II

    phraphUd'tharilub' (?ou 1 )

    N image of Buddha.

    359
    the highest rank. NOTE. The element S 1 '1.1-saasani:ta/ N Buddhism.
    '1'1

    means "king." It may be often be translated phniphigsu?/, phni::; N Buddhist priest, into English as "royal." o 'WS::::S1'1.1nq'tfijn1 diikaa/ (chaba.b/)
    (Q,Y'U)

    ~ ::din'tf,-~ ~; Otl, eH fl~) 'II


    phigsu?/son/ (rO.ub/, ?on/) monk.

    phrar~ad/chakrldsa::;

    N royal decree.

    '1'1 s-:::: Jl:IJ phraphuum/


    'II

    N the guardian spirit of

    o 'W~::::S1'1.1~1"1S~ phrar~ad/chadamrad/ N roy. royal speech (speech made by the king).

    one's land.
    '1'1 s-:::: J.J'\'!1 n ~~ ~ [)

    ( eH fl , '1'1 s-:::: eH fl ) phramaMa/ka::;

    oo'Yl~ 'l'Ws-:::: s-1vli1"1s~


    V

    son/phrar<1ad/chadamrad/

    sad/ (?on/, phra?on/) N king: "great king."


    'WS":::::W~1'WfiS"

    roy. to speak, to order.

    phramaMa/nakho::m/ N capital city.

    o 'WS::::S1'1.i'l11'W phrar<1adchathaan/ V roy. to give, present, grant, confer.

    '1'1 s-:::: b J.J s- See entries below .

    -s y n.

    See

    1;.

    'l1'W'W~::::

    b:w; naan/phrameen/ N roy. crema-

    o 'IJ B'\'1 S":::: S" 1 'l.i'l11'W kh~o/phrar~adchathaan/ V roy. to beg, request . .'1'1 S:::: S1 'l.ilJ'W'W 3 ( Q,J''U) phrar<1ad/chaniphon' (chabab/) king . o 'WS::::S1'1J,J'qj'IJ1 phrara.ad/chabanchaa/ N roy. royal order. o '1'1 s-:::: s 1 ~J,J'b11~~ ( Q,J''U ) phrar<1ad/ chabanjad/ (chabab/)
    I

    tion ceremony.
    I

    o '11 'l'W s-:::: b:w s- thOn/phrameen/ pN Phra Men

    (Phra Meru) ground in Bangkok. Used for special ceremonies, including the cremation of

    N writing or literary work of the

    ..,

    members of the royal family.


    ~'W1:W'V!WH

    -+Also '111

    colloq. N 1. term for persons of the

    '1'1 S:::: [) 1 phrajaa/

    second highest rank of conferred nobility. T 2. title placed before the honorific name conferred with the rank. 3. title used in animal stories for the leaders or kings of the animals, as in
    '1'1 S:::: [I 1 n'U

    N law, act.
    cv evA

    S1~'WS::::S1'1.i'Ub1Jb11~

    ra.an/-phridad/chabanjad/

    N 1. bill, proposed legislation. V 2. to draft legislation. o 'WS"::::S1'1.1lJ.JiilS phnir<1ad/chamajtrii/ N friendship, diplomatic relations. oo b 'l ~qj'WS":::: s 1'/.il:w~ chamajtrii/(ka::;)

    phrajaa/kob/ the frog leader, the -See l, 2. -+Cf.


    ~'W'W 1 ~

    king of the frogs.

    for a common

    list of conferred titles.

    b 'l1 flbii,

    s(rl'U)

    cara8n/-phradad/::;

    term of address for '1'1 S:::: [I 1.

    ..... Frequently

    V (a kingdom) to maintain

    spelled "Phya" in English transliteration. o


    b'l1'WS"::::f.J1 ('111'W,fi'W) dwphrajaa/ (tMn/,

    diplomatic relations, cultivate friendly relations (with}. o '1'1 s ::::s 1 '1.1~ 6 phrar~ad/chaphithii/ N royal ceremony, rite. o '1'1S::::S1'1.1i'l

    khon/)

    N 1. term for persons of the highest

    rank of conferred nobility. T 2. title placed in front of the honorific name conferred with the rank. titles.
    '1'1 s-:::: b [I '11 phrajee/ suu/
    'II

    (lb~'l)

    phraraactchawan/ (hen/)

    -See

    'IJ'W'W 1 'l

    for a list of conferred

    N royal palace . o '1'1S::::S1'1.1l1bil,1slns phrarfiad/cha?aanaacag' N

    N Jesus. N the male

    kingdom, empire.

    '1'1 s:::: s J ~

    ( fi'W) phraroon/ (khon/)

    m:::: As Slil'Wiil S[J in

    f]bli,'\'1 s::::

    As smm SlJ

    khun/ -phni::;

    character who plays the role of the hero's companion in a play, motion picture, or story.
    '1'1 s:::: Slil'W l~ s- phrarad/tanatraV N the Three Gems

    sii/rad/tanatraV N the virtues of the Three Gems (Buddha, his teaching, his disciples).
    ~ ~

    --+Same as

    '1'1 S::::

    ~ lil'W~

    S lJ above, but with the

    (Buddha, his teaching, and his disciples). The element

    addition of more titles.


    '1'1S::::~~:J.J (~ti,B~fl)
    'II

    S~'W- means "gem," l~~ means "three."

    phrason/ (r1lub/,?on')

    '1'1 S:::: ~ 1 '1.1- phrar<1ad/cha::;. Element placed in front

    Buddhist prie'st, monk.


    '1'1 S:::: 61'~ :J.J s 1 '1.1 phnisil.n/khadad/ N chief of all the

    of words denoting actions, decisions, belongings, etc. of the King or other royal personages of

    Buddhist priests in the country, Buddhist supreme

    360 patriarch. -+Also


    Vi~~

    iii :JJ b li1 'l --

    :lJ1i1Y'I S1

    ( biil :JJ)

    mtid/phraa/ (l@m/)

    N knives

    EH Fl phra?ou/ P 1. he, him, she, her (sp. of

    (of all kinds).


    ViS 1ll phdag/ V 1. to part, separate. 2. to be parted,

    high- ranking royalty, of divine beings, of the Buddha). C 2. elf. for a king, for high-ranking royalty, divine beings, the Buddha. o
    Y'l~~eJ1Flb'l1
    c~w=(?ou/)

    separated. sV 3. copiously, in large quantity.

    Y'l~li1Y'I~1ll('l1ll) phladphr~ag/(caag=) V to stray,


    be separated (from), parted (from).
    1m1Y'IS1ll lajphr~ag/ V to stream out (e.g. tears),

    (eJ~Fl)

    phra?onc~aw/,phra?on=

    N 1. roy. prince, son of the king


    V'

    born by a lesser concubine. T 2. Prince --. -+See


    b 'l 1 'l'J 1
    V'

    flow copiously.
    Vi~

    -+See also

    Vi~ ~ b 'l 11 ~ 1 ~ Fl b ti eJ

    1 ~ phraa:g / V 1. to camouflage. 2. to deceive by means of camouflage.


    Vis- 1 ~ 1111 phraa:gtaa/ V to camouflage.

    Y'l~~el~Flb'l1.

    Y'l~~eJ1~11H.l

    (li11~) phra?aathid/ (dua:o/) N com.


    ~

    the sun.

    -+Syn.

    111~1'1J

    eleg.

    ~ ~ 1 ~ lliii ~ l 'l'J phraa:g/se:gfaj/ V to have a blackout.


    Vl!i1:JJY'IS1~
    9

    Vi~ :dJ'IJ'fl~ phra?in/ N Indra.

    (VliilJ.J)
    9

    lumphraau/(lum/)

    N pitfall.

    V~S~eJ'i'Uiiil:l (Vl~~) phra?uboo/soct/ (Ian/) N


    9
    V'

    e!"1Y'I ~ 1 ~ ?amphraan/ V to conceal, hide, keep

    eleg. temple.
    Vi~~~

    -+Syn. L'Uiiil:l

    com.
    b'Uiil

    secret.
    ~S11i1.

    phra?uu/ N roy. cradle. -+Syn.

    See '!'1S11i1Y'IS11i1 under


    (Fl'IJ)

    V~nli1.

    com.
    Vi~~

    Y'IS1'1J

    phraan/(khon/)
    (Fl'W)

    N hunter. N hunter,

    belll phra?eeg/ N 1. the hero (in a play or

    'IJ1lJY'IS1'1J

    naajphraan/(khon/)

    story). 2. husband.

    game hunter.
    Y'IS1'Wiil1f.JVl~~
    'U

    VIS~ 'tel~{ phra?ood/


    LJ 1ll com.

    '

    N roy. mouth, lips. -syn.

    (Fl'W)

    phraan/-l~a/phQujitJ/ (khon/)

    N lady- killer.
    ViS 1 tJ phraajl N 1. ghost, spirit, elf. 2. a trace

    hnV~~~5~A1~ Iaog/phra?aukhaan/ N Mars


    (the planet).

    (of something). V 3. to be brilliant, bright, glittering.


    VIS 1'!'1S 1lJ phr~aphraaj/ V (one's vision) to be

    1'W~~~~ wanphra?/ N Buddhist day of worship.


    There are four such days in a lunar month, corresponding to the four phases of the moon.
    Vi~~ L "LJ'IJ ~ phrakhan<'>o:g/ pN Phrakhanong, an amphoe

    blurred.
    v

    ViS 1 lJ'IJ01 phraajmiam/

    N 1. a line of air bubbles

    in Bangkok.
    ~~ll
    ~

    in the water. 2. glittering ripples. 3. phosphragphr5::>m/ V to be ready, phorescence in water. 4. luminous paint on the dial of a watch or clock.
    Vis- 1 tJY'I s- 11 phraajphraaw/ V to be brilliant,

    in

    Y'l~ll~~el:JJ

    well prepared.
    'W S ~ in the following entries.
    o&

    ~tnl;eJ:JJ
    o&

    phdtJphr5::>m/ V to be complete, fully

    sparkling, glittering.
    Vi S1 lJ LLY'I n

    furnished, equipped, or provided (with).


    ~

    phraajphreew/ V to be glittering,

    H'l'i ~ phr~nphruu/ V 1. to gush forth.

    sV 2.

    dazzling, brilliant.
    v

    in a mass, in great quantity.


    'l'l;'IJ

    ViS 1 lJ U:JJ phraajj i m/ N trace of a smile. llY'I H~ S1 U phreuphraaj/ V 1. to disclose, spread,

    phr~n'
    .L "'

    V eleg. to be afraid, scared. V eleg. to fear, be scared.


    2. to be blurred.

    Y'i~'WY'IH phr~nphry:o'

    reveal, make known. 2. to leak out, be made


    ._,

    'l'l S1 phr~a/ V 1. to destroy, ruin.

    known (to) .

    YiS19fiS1lJ phdaphraaj/ V (one's vision) to be

    U:JJY'IS 1lJ jimphraaj/ V to smile radiantly. ViS 11 phraaw/ V to be sparkling, glittering, brilliant.

    blurred.

    ' ~ '\'1 S1:JJ 1


    "''

    phr~a'mua/
    I

    V to be blurred, indistinct.

    ViS 1 1Y'I S 1 lJ phraawphraaj/ V to be brilliant,

    b iii lJ ~'\'1 S1 siauphr~a' V to have a faltering voice.

    sparkling, glittering.
    ViS 1 1 bb ~ S 1 phraawphreew/ V to be glittering,

    '1 lbiii ~~ S
    v '

    SEEtJphr~a/

    N diffused light. N jungle knife, kris.

    'l'l n

    ( bSi:JJ) phraa/ (lt~m')

    dazzling, brilliant.

    361
    'W ~ 1 Vl:l-16JI, ( Fl'W) phraam' (khon')

    N Brahmin.

    '\.Js :;;n 1t:J'WSn, li11 'J--

    ( li1 'J 'I, Fl'W)

    prakaajphryg',

    'W f1 phram' V to drizzle.

    daawlprakaajphryg' N 1. the morning star in a drizzle, lightly (duan'). 2. s 1 an g a young beauty; a young star, starlet (duan'. khan'). -sometimes also incor2. to rectly written
    1.
    ~ ~ ~

    o 'W f1 "] phramphram/


    I

    and steadily in fine drops (of rain).


    'W f1 phr.im' V 1. to talk continually (about).

    - 'Wb] n'\<f.
    ~

    "'

    -+Also li11 'J S 'I

    talk copiously, with much repetition of certain words or phrases.


    'W ~ 1 b'W ~ eJ phr!imphr)>a'
    1o

    li11'J'\.JS:;;"!'1bJJeJ'I.
    A

    '

    -+Opp.

    'W S H 'W S 1i1

    in

    Iii:;; 1;1 '1'1'~ S H 'W S 1i1 talYtJ'phrynphr~<'ld 1

    sV 1. often, frequently,

    V e 1 a b. c o 11 o q. to be stupefied, stunned (with surprise, fright).


    'W!Ii1
    0J

    again and again. 2. excessively, luxuriously, extravagantly.


    I

    phr)>d'* sV 1. in a mass, in great numbers,

    'Wf16ieJ'W phr!ims5::m' to keep teaching, instructing,

    abundantly. V 2. to be in great numbers.


    'W!Ii1 1-'l

    advising (someone) repeatedly.


    'W

    ph~d' imit. 1. the sound of grating,

    ~n ( bJJii1) phrfgl (mect') N pepper, chili pepper.

    scraping, as when dragging a heavy object; the screechingoftires. C 2. anoccurrenceofany such sound. sV 3. with a grating, scraping effect.
    b ~ t:J .:j-<V

    D'I'W~nD.:j~.:j thY:nphrig'thY:nkhi:n' V 1. to be
    really hot, peppery, spicy (of food). 2. to be racy, piquant (of conversation).
    v

    eJ t:J 1 .:j--

    a grating, scraping noise.


    N
    ~~

    colloq. hotly, heatedly (of arguing, debating).


    'W'1'W ~n namphrfg'

    o 'ti'\J s ri'W s li1 b A t:J 'J n rJ.:j

    .01

    khabr6d'-ph~ddiaw'k5::::

    N pepper sauce, hot shrimp-

    thYl:J'~ One screech of the tires and you're there.

    paste sauce. There are many varieties having slightly different ingredients.

    'W; 'I in the following entries. 1'W1'W1'W'W;'I najwan'najphliln' colloq. in a day

    " 'WSn~Vl'W phrigkhtinuu' N bird pepper, a tiny, 'IJ


    very hot variety of chili.
    'W~n1rw phrigthajl N pepper (whole or ground). 'W~nbbVl.:j phrighten' N dried red pepper.
    'W S.:j phrf:n I
    v
    I

    or two, very soon, in a short time.


    erA-J'W'\.JS:;;rl'W'W; .:j phad'wan'-prakanlphlil:n' V

    '

    elab. colloq. to procrastinate, put off.


    ~

    '

    'W; 'I'W phlil:nnfil tomorrow. 'W S'W phrun/ V to be porous, full of holes, perforated. 'W S phruu'
    'IJ

    "

    V to be dashingly beautiful.

    b'WS1:;;'WS 'I phr5?phrf:n' V to be melodious,

    '

    sV 1. in a mass, in large amounts. V 2.

    pleasing to the ear, beautiful (of sound).


    ,!.,

    to gush, fall in great quantity.


    'WS '!'WS phr!iuphruu' V 1. to gush forth.
    'IJ

    'W S'\J. See entries below. 'WS'\Jii11 phrfbtaa' V 1. to blink, blink the eyes.

    sV 2.

    in a mass, in great quantity.


    a'

    C 2. an instant, a wink, a twinkling.


    l.ns:;;'WS'\Jii11.

    -Also

    'Wb]n'\<1, 'V1b]n'\<f-.

    "' See entries below. -See also 'WSn.

    'Wb]n'\<1'111~ phryg'sach!iad' N plant world, vegetable

    1'W'W S'\J li11, -- b A t:J 'd


    a wink.

    najlphribtaa', najlphrib:::::

    kingdom.
    'Wb] n 'l<ff'i16i Iii s phryg' sasaad' N botany. 'Wb]n'\<11

    taa'diaw' in the twinkling of an eye, quick as

    phrygs.la' N eleg. plant, vegetation, tree.


    ( lii'W)

    lVl'J'WS'\J wajphrfb/

    N 1. alertness, astuteness,

    lii'W'Wb] n '\<11

    t()n'phrygs.la' (ttlnl)

    N tree,

    adroitness, ability to make quick judgements. V 2. to be alert, astute, keen.


    v

    plant.
    S:l-I'Wb] n'\<11

    r()m'phrygsita' N the shade of a tree.

    'W S:l-1 phri m I

    V to be pretty, gay and beautiful.

    'Wb] liJJGi Jl1 phryd'thasaphaa' N House of Elders (the

    'W S:l-1 b'W S 1 phrimphraw' V to be beautiful, gay

    "

    upper house in the Thai Parliament, later replaced


    by the
    a'

    and beautiful.
    "

    'W S 'J in

    tJ li1'W S 'J bldphrfw/

    V 1. to evade. 2. to

    'Wb] ~n 1 HJi, phrydtikaan' N events, course of events;

    refuse (to do something), disobey. sian; refusal.


    'W n See entry below.

    n 1 S-- eva-

    circumstances; action, behavior. o 1 'W'Wb] ~n 1 sru b'd'W'WtJ najphrydtikaan'cMnmin' under such circumstances,
    <Y

    1;

    362

    ~b] ~l1'fJ phcydtinajl N 1 a w factual sense.


    Jii1J..I-- in fact, de facto.
    ~b]

    Lf3lfJ--

    thoo' (naajl, khon')


    'W 1 fJ'Wfil b~ eJ

    N 1. police lieutenant gen-

    -+Opp. iJ~l1'fJ. N Novem-

    eral. T 2. Lt. General--.


    ( 'W 1 fJ, Fl'W)

    A~il1 fJ'W phrydsaclkaaljon/, phrysaber. b~el'W-b ~ el'W.

    naajphonryal (naajl, khon')

    idem. -+The names of all the

    N 1. admiral (of unspecified rank). See cross reference.

    months are listed under


    ~b]~Jl1

    AJ..I phrydsaphaa'khom', phcysa-

    N May.

    ~fil.jlil 'l1

    ('W1fJ, Fl'W)

    phon'cadtawaa' (naajl, khon')

    b"" 131 el'W- - idem.

    ->The names of all the months

    N 1. brigadier general. T 2. Brigadier General--.

    are listed under b ~ el'W.


    ~6]'1161. See entries below.

    ---Short for

    'J'W--

    below,

    'Wfil Iii~::; b 'J'W

    ( 'W 1 fJ, Fl'W)

    phontraween' (naajl, khon')

    and also for ~b]'f161'U~ in the next main entry.

    N patrolman; policeman on his beat.


    'Wfillilf ('W1fJ,Fl'W)

    1311'J~~::;~b]~61,1311'J~b]~61 (1311~) daaw'phnipM:::


    ryhadl, daawpharyhadl (dualJ') N Jupiter (the

    phontrii' (naajl,khon')

    N 1.

    mil it. major general. T 2. Major General--.


    'Wfil lil'1 ~ 'l &i ( 'W 1 fJ, Fl'W) phontamruad' (naajl, khon')

    planet). -+The names of the major planets are listed under 1311 'l

    N 1. policeman (lowest police rank). T 2. Officer-- (ref. to a policeman).


    ~fil'fl'Vi1 ~

    oJ'W~b]'f161 wanpharyhil.dl N Thursday (short name;


    see entry below). -+Also ~6]~61 -+The days
    v

    ( 'W 1 fJ, Fl'W)

    phonthaMan' (naajl, khon')

    of the week are listed under 'l'W.

    N 1. mil it. private. T 2. Private --.

    ~b]~61'U~ in oJ'W~b]~61'U~ wan'pharyhad'sabo;:,diil N


    Thursday. -+The days of the week are listed
    v

    ~filL 'fl ( 'W 1 fJ , Fl'W) phonthoo' (naaj ' khon') N 1.


    mil it. lieutenant general. T 2. Lt. General --.
    I

    under 'J'W.
    ~61
    19!

    ~ 61 ~ J..l

    ( Fl'W)

    phonr~m'

    (khon') N 1. mil it.

    phon' N 1. troop, troops, forces. 2. soldier; member of military or police force.

    paratrooper. 2. slang an illegal voter . ..., o il1 S TI ~ ~fil ~ J..l kaanthf!J'phonrllm' N 1. paratroop landing. 2. slang balloting by illegal voters.

    fl eJ ~ ~ [;1

    fl eJ

    , fl eJ

    ~ ~ 61

    ) kOO!Jphonl (kO::llJ 1, kOOIJ:::::

    phon') o

    ...,

    N milit. division .
    (!l8~,il8~~61)

    ~ fil b ~ eJ Iii S
    b::l1Jphonn5ojl

    ('W 1 fJ , Fl'W)

    phonryatrii' (naajl, khon')

    flel~~fil'WelfJ

    N 1. rear admiral. T 2. Rear Admiral --.

    (bolJ ' koo!Jphon') o

    N m i 1 it. brigade. b:J!Jphonjajl (bolJ'

    ~ [;1 b ~ s h ( 'W 1 fJ ' Fl'W) phonryathoo' (naajl, khon')


    N 1. vice-admiral. T 2. Vice-Admiral --.

    ns~~fill'Vi~ (il8~,ns~~fil)
    koo!Jphon')

    N m i 1 it. division. N 1. military N 1. admiral. T 2. Admiral --.


    ~61 eJ 1 fl1

    'tJ'W~fil
    q

    ( A'W) khunphon' (khon')

    commander. 2. war lord.


    &i
    8J..I~61

    A. phon?aakil.ad:::.. . designation for


    ('W1fJ,Fl'W)

    ( Fl'W, 'W 1 fJ) coomphon' (khon', naajl)

    the highest commissioned ranks of the air force.


    ~filb8il

    1. field marshal. T 2. Field Marshal --.

    phon?eeg'(naajl,khon')

    &i8J..I~61b~8 ('W1fJ,Fl'W) coomphonrya 1 (naajl,


    khon') ral --.
    mJJ..I~61
    q

    1. (full) general (the rank). T 2. General --.


    S::;
    J(

    N 1. admiral of the fleet. T 2. Admi-

    131J..I~61

    radom'phon' V to mobilize troops,

    armed forces.
    S~fil

    ,J

    thti'chumphon' N assembly point for

    rii'phon' N troops, fighting forces. rtagphon 1 v to mobilize troops. n 1 s - -

    troops.
    'W1fJ~fil

    b fJ fl ~ [;1

    ('W1fJ,A'W) naajphon' (naajl,khonl)

    N
    ~61
    ~fil

    mobilizing, mobilization of troops.


    l!J

    mil it. general (of unspecified rank). -+See cross reference.


    'W1fJ~611i1'1~'l&i

    in

    a'tlS~fil ?ldthiphon' N power, influence.

    phala:::

    N (physical) strength. Used only in


    ~fil::;

    ('W1fJ, Fl'W)

    naajphon'tamruad'

    compounds, but in final position written q.v.


    'Wfilil1
    ~

    (naajl, khon') police general (of unspecified rank).


    'W 1 fJ~6111l'1 S 'l &i 1'11

    phalakaan' N force, power (esp. the

    ( 'W 1 fJ, Fl'W) naajphon'tamruad:::

    arbitrary application of power or authority).

    363

    'VH11

    'W~ An 'ijl pha.lasygsaa/ N physical edtication.

    actual participation; along with others.

    ~'Wiil A n'ij1

    (1 n ) roon/pMlasygsaa/ (roo:u/)
    I

    i111bl'Wf18~l~ (8~1~)
    q

    wadthu?/phb:Jjda.av (jaan/)

    N gymnasium.
    'Wf1

    N by-product.
    I

    <t- in the following entries.


    'Wf1 bileH ( Fl'W) phonlamyatJ/ (khon/)

    'Wf11~, '\'l~1~

    phl~j/. phl~jphl~V* sV without reflec-

    N popula-

    tion, thoughtlessly.
    '\'lf1::: phala?/*N 1. strength, force, power. 2. short

    tion. o n 1 Hf1 S" 'd ~'Wiil b:\:w ~ kaansamruad/phonlamyatJ/ N census, i.e. the taking of a census.

    for
    J.,

    'Wf1 A n'ij1

    physical education. -see 'l'lf1 m.

    "V 'd L :W ~ 'l'l ~:::; chQamootJ /phahi? / N physical education period (in a school program).
    'W f1 n
    J.,

    o 'J!l'W 1'Yl'WG1 b:lHH


    duties.

    'V

    '"

    n~athti/phonlamya:u/

    N civic

    phl~g/

    i mit. 1. the sound of a gust of air, the

    'W~ b Sl'W ( Fl'W) phonlaryan/ (khon/)


    V
    I

    N civilian.
    kh~a=

    gushing of liquid. 2 .. the sound of a punch or a heavy blow. V 3. to gush forth. sV 4. with a gushing sound; gushing forth.
    ~

    ~1s-1Vn1s-(~1~)'W~bS"l'W

    <>

    (Fl'W,'W1~)

    r~adchakaan/(faaj)phonlaryan/

    (khon/, naaj/)
    'W~ ~

    N civilian government employees (as opposed

    phalan/ N power, strength, force.

    to those of the military services).


    o Flbll:::n s- ~:wn 1 :J'tl 1 :J 1vn 1 S"'W~ b s- eJ'W khanakamma=
    v "'

    'l'l~ ~ ~ 1'W phalan:uaan/ N tech. energy.


    o 'Vl~~ ~ 'l'W'lJS":W'lb\1 phalan:uaan/paramaanuu/ N 'U atomic energy.

    kaan/- kh~araadchakaan/phonlaryan/ N Civil Service Commission.


    'W f1 h n ( Fl'W) phonlalOog/ (khon/)

    '\'l~ ~'lJ s- :W 'lb\1 phalatJ/paramaanuu/ N atomic power.


    'U

    N the peoples

    il'l'l ~ ~ bb s- ~ mii/ -phala:u/rEEtJ/ to be powerful, have

    of the world.
    J.,

    much power.
    '\'l~ ~ phl~tJ/
    1;;

    'Wf1'\J phl6b/ N twilight, dusk .


    .

    sV in streams, gushing forth.

    b 'd ~ 1 'W f1'\J weelaaphl6b/ N 1. twilight time, dusk.

    'W~ ~

    phla:u/ V to make a slip of the tongue.

    2. at dusk.
    'W~

    'W~Ii1 phLid/ V 1. to fall, fall off. 2. to stray from,


    get separated from. N
    'W f11illil n phladtog/
    ~

    'd

    phlua:u/ N antimony.
    ( el'W) phb;:,tJ/, majphb;:,tJ/ (?an/)

    'Wf1 8 ~, l~--

    v to fall down, drop down.

    1. wooden staff, club (used as a weapon). 2.

    '\'l~lil ~'W

    phladthln' V to be displaced from (one's)

    a boy scout staff.


    'W~

    native land, exiled; to be outside of, removed from (its) natural habitat.
    ~

    lli1

    phl~bd/

    V to talk incessantly (esp. with ref.

    to lovers).

    o '\J Fl Fl f1'1'lf11il bl'W bugkhon'phladthln/ refugee, q


    displaced person.

    'W~11i1i'n phl~bdrag/ V to talk love, make love


    (to).
    'Wf1 8l-Jbb'Wf1:W phbmphlt::m/* V 1. to appear, show

    'W~Ii1'1'lS"1n ( ~ 1n) phladphr~ag/(caag=)


    be separated (from), parted (from).

    to stray,

    itself, be visible intermittently. sV 2. intermittently, unevenly, sparsely, scantily. 3. lightly, in a drizzle (of rain).
    '\'l~ 8~
    (

    'W~Iil b'1'1 Slil phladphr~8d' V to stray, go astray, be


    parted and lost from (the group, the herd, etc.).

    '\'l~lilf1 ~:W'l phlad/lo:umaa/ to fall down, fall off.


    '\'l~'W phlan/ sV suddenly, immediately, instantly.
    -Chiefly in compounds.

    "" b:Wii1) phb;:,j/ (med/} N precious stone,


    1~

    gem, jewel.
    b'l'l'1i:J'Wf1

    phedphb:Jj/ N jewels, precious

    Q'\J'W~'W chabphlan/ instantly, promptly, at once,


    abruptly.

    stones (in general}.


    'W f1 1 ~
    ~gJ

    Llilf'J--,b'W--,1~1~--

    idem.

    phb;:,j/ V to join in, follow suit. (jaa:u/) N


    J.,

    Lli1~ b~'d'W~'W doojrewphlan/ quickly.


    'W~'\J'W611
    ~

    t;H1'Wf1eJ~l~ (1~1~) pht>n/phb;:,jd~aV


    by-product.

    (VI~~) phlabphlaa/(la:u') N pavilion.


    N shovel.

    '\'1f1 'd
    I

    ( eJ'W) phlOa' (?an/)

    "' 'Wf1 8 ~'I~ 1'\'lf1 1 ~ ~'W phb;:,jfaa/phb;:,jfc5n/ idiom.


    to be included or mixed up with others without

    'l'l~GiAFl phlastlg/ N plastic. [f. Eng.]


    'l'lf11
    phl~a/

    N 1. a Thai salad with raw or partially

    364

    cooked meat. V 2. to prepare such a salad.


    'W611
    ~

    "' 'Wi'l phalii-', phlii-' V to sacrifice.

    bAS eJ

    --

    sacrifi-

    phlaa:ul sV simultaneously, at the same time, meanwhile.


    ~

    cial offerings.

    'W~n S S :J.J phalii'kaml, phlii'kaml N worship,


    bS1~'W611~

    o 'Wiil'W611H1'd
    'IJ

    phtludlphlaa:ul-huar5?1::
    Vl&l

    sacrificial worship.

    phlaa:ul to talk while laughing, talk and laugh at the same time.

    '
    'W~n

    (lileJn) phhJ.?I

    (d::,~gl)

    N 1. flare.

    2. a giant

    firecracker, cannon cracker. in


    'W~nl'l611'W

    l '\J'W611 ~
    time.
    1 '\J'W611

    pajphlaa:ul simultaneously, at the same

    phh1gphl.1anl V to mill around,

    move about in disorder, with much coming and for the time being, going (of people, animals, vehicles in large numbers).
    Vl~ ~

    ~ nel'W pajphlaa:ulk::,;~ml
    ~

    meanwhile, in the meantime.


    1'\J'W611 ~

    pajphlaa:uphlaa:ul for the time being,

    phltl:ol V to puff, to rush out (esp. of smoke or steam).

    meanwhile, in the meantime.


    'W 6111il
    phl~adl

    V 1. to miss, fail. 2. to slip, fall.

    Vli'llJ phluj' V (the stomach) to be protruding, bulging. Vli'J

    n1'd'W6111il M.awphl.1adl V 1. to misstep, miss

    '

    <9J

    'IJ

    phluul N betel, esp. the leaves. the betel vine.


    - D i st. 'Vl:J.J 1 n

    l11'W--

    ( l11'W)

    one's footing. 2. to miscalculate, misjudge.


    ~ lil'W 6111il phldphl~adl V to be incorrect, wrong,

    1'U--

    ( 1'U)

    the betel leaf.

    mistaken.

    A11JJ-- blunder, mistake, error.

    'Vl:J.J1n'W~

    maagphluul N betel: "areca and betel."


    n1'Wi'l~

    ' 'Wi111il'l11

    phl~adth~al

    V 1. to .make a false step,

    'W~

    l!:J

    in

    kaanphluul N clove.
    l11'W--

    lileJn-'-'

    (lileJn)

    a wrong move, a slip. 2. by mischance, if by mischance.


    'W6111il'W61
    I

    flower of the clove tree. clove tree.

    ( l11'W)

    the

    phl~adphlaul

    V to make a mistake,

    Vl 'd n

    ( 'W 'd n ) phtlagl (phtlagl)

    N 1. group, party.

    a blunder, a slip.
    'W611'W
    phl~anl

    c
    2.

    2. idem.
    'VI~,

    -ct.

    :;(1'W'dn.

    -syn. 1. nn.

    V 1. (the brain) to be distracted, in

    b'VI~ 1 , n n .
    ( A'W)

    confusion. sV 2. in a confused, disorderly manner (of walking, running). 3. short for


    b~ eJ lil- - below. b ~ eJ lil'W611'W dyadphl~anl 1. to boil vigorously.

    'W SS fli'l 'd n

    phagphtlagl (khonl)

    N 1. partisan,

    fellow member, follower.

    2. close friends, mem-

    bers of an intimate circle; clique.


    'W 'd n n'UlJ
    ( fl'W. Vl d n)

    phtlagkabbdl (khonl, phtlagl)

    2. co 11 o q. to be furious, boiling mad.


    'W ~ n'W 611 'W phh1gphl.1an1 V to mill around, move

    N rebels, the rebel faction.


    'W 'd n n eJn 1 S n lJ
    phtlagk::,~kaanlraaj'

    N trouble-

    about in disorder, with much coming and going (of people, animals, vehicles in large numbers).
    d

    makers, gangsters, saboteurs.


    'W 'd n b'/J 1 phtlagkhawl N they, them, the others.

    'd ~'Wi11'W wt:uphl~anl to run pell-mell, helter-

    -Opp. Vl'dnbS1.
    Vl '.J n b "! 1 phtlagc.1w I

    skelter, aimlessly.
    'Wi11:J.J phl.1aml V to talk endlessly, to prattle. 'Wi11lJ in

    "

    you people, you folks (SUp.

    sp. to a group or crowd).

    6d1~'W611lJ

    ( bVeJn,A'd) cMauphlaaj'

    Vl'dn1;~'W
    tion.

    ph0agt.1ajdin1 N underground organiza-

    (ch9agl, tual)
    " d "

    N bull elephant.

    'Wi1161 ~n phlaadsatlgl, phlaastl.gl N plastic. [f. Eng.] 'Wi1"1 in b'W&llJ 1'W61"1

    phltauphlaml V to make a

    'W'.ln'l1"l ~lil phtlaglthudcarldl N crooks. t 'W 'd n 'U 1 'W phtlagb.1anl. . . the members of

    wrong move, a mistake.


    'W~n phligl V to turn over (as pages in a book).

    (such and such a) household.


    'W'dn~'d'll1'd phtlagphlwkh~awl N the white race,

    'W~nA'd phligtual V to turn (oneself) over (in bed).


    'W~nbb'Wi'l ~ phligphln:ul V to change, alter,

    white people.
    'W 'd n ~ 'd vi"1 phCtagphiwdaml N the black race,

    modify; to make changes, alterations, modifications.

    colored people.
    Vl '.l n Vl eJ ~ phtlagph5~u I

    N (one's own) group of

    365
    friends, party, gang.
    I

    'i'Hl

    'i'l 'J tJ~ ~

    phuajphQu/ V 1. (liquid) to stream out,

    b Vimlfl'i'l 'l f1'i'HH

    Mn,kph1lagph5ou/ to think

    pour out, spout forth. 2. (smoke, dust) to puff up, rise up. 3. to throw up beams (of light).
    'W A phoos:'Jo/ B. E. Abbrev. for 'W'Yl6 ~fl S1 'l1 q

    only of the interests of one's own group or party.


    'i'l 'l fl b S 1 phOagraw/ N we, us, our group. --0 p p. 'i'l'lflb'll1. tJfl'i'l'lfl j6gphD.ag/ V to bring or take a whole

    Buddhist Era.
    'i'lf.in'Wn S phasog/nikoon/ N eleg. citizen, people,

    subjects (of a ruler).


    'W e:J phoo/ V 1. to be enough, sufficient. AA 2. ade-

    gang, crowd.
    I

    bf1'W'1'1'lfl bf1'W'i'leH l@nphD.ag/lenph:Sou/ V elab.

    quately, all right; scarcely, hardly, barely, Cj 3. just as soon as, just as, when.
    v

    co 11 o q. to indulge in favoritism.
    bf1'W'I~'lfl

    --Also

    colloq.

    o 'W e:J lil n ~ n b 'IJ 18 nvm fW phootogdyg/kh.1w? l ign;Jj' as soon as it got to be a little later in the night.
    0

    b ~ e:J fl 'i'l 'l fl 19agphQag/ V to discriminate, be

    prejudiced (in favor of or against someone depending on his group or party affiliation).
    'i'l 'J ~ ( 'i'l 'J 1) phuau/ (phuau/)

    'W e:J b'(J 1 :w 1 b s 1 n Sl:::: n'W phookhawmaa/--+ raw/k~ca::;

    kin/l As soon as he comes we will eat. -Cf. 4th example under 'i'l e:J 'l:::: below.
    VeJ'\J'i'leJ ch~obphoo/ V to be fond of, to love. 'i'l eJ f1 'l S phookhuan/ fairly, moderately, reasonably. 'W eJ 'l:::: phooca::;

    N 1. garland, cluster,

    string (as of flowers, fruit, beads). C 2. idem. ---+Mng. 1. chiefly in compounds.


    b1i"'W'i'l 'l1 penphuau/

    1. to be bushy (as a tail). 2.

    AA 1. adequately, passably (but

    to be bulging (as cheeks). 3. in a cluster, in a bunch, in a string; in clusters, bunches, strings.


    b1i"'W'i'l 'l ~

    barely, i.e. with some reservations); enough to. Cj 2. just as (I, you, he, etc.) was about to;

    just as (I, you, he, etc.) begin to, (am) about to.
    'W l VI 'l phoocad88n/waV can make it o 'W e:J 'l :::: bA

    "1 penphuauphuau/ in clusters, bunches,


    ~

    strings.
    'i'l 'l ~ :W 1 f1 tJ
    ~

    (by walking), can walk it all right.


    ( 'i'l 'H , e:J'W) phuaumaalaV N 1. garland

    o 'W e:J l'J:::: 'Yl'il; phoocatham/d.1aj/ can do it; (I) guess (I) can do it, can get by with it. o Llil'W eJ q:::: ri'l

    (phuau/). 2. steering wheel (of an automobile) (?an/). o

    be:~ .;j

    "' ~ 61e:J'i'l 'l ~ :W 1 f1 tJ

    1; too,phoocatham?eeu,-daav
    ~

    th}'y/phuaumaalaV to steer, be at

    big enough to do (it) oneself.

    the wheel, i.e. have hold of the steering wheel.


    'i'l'J "JVISA ('W'l ~) phuaurlid/ (phuau/)

    o 'WeJQ'WSl:::fl'W'IJ1'l b'IJ1fl:W1 phoocMncakin/kh.1aw/khawk~maa/l Just as I was about to eat he came.

    N wreath,

    garland.
    'W 'l
    ~
    C9J

    Cf. 2nd example under 'i'l eJ above. o 'WeJl'J::::'YhbcU'Wb;1

    phD.au / V to connect, attach, couple (one


    v

    nbnlil~1eJeJflb~tJ

    phoocatham:::

    vehicle or vessel to another for towing).


    I

    pen/kh,1w/- k~k~8d/laa?:Jog/sial Just as soon as (they) start to catch on, (they) quit.
    'W eJ 1 Sl phoocaj/ V to be satisfied, pleased. Fl 'J 1 :W- -

    'i'l'l'ITI1tJ phOauthaaV V 1. to have in tow, pull

    along behind (e.g. a trailer). 2. colloq. to trail (e.g. a degree after one's name).
    S 61'i'l'l'l
    ( Fl'W) r6dpMau/ (khan/)

    satisfaction, contentment. --Syn. eJeJ'IJ1'l, ~n1q. o ~ .;j 'i'l eJ 1 'l phYtJphoocaj/ V 1. to be satisfied. 2. to satisfy, be satisfactory. faction. o
    fl'l1:W-- satis-

    N 1. trailer.

    2. a vehicle drawn by another vehicle. 3. a train of vehicles coupled to one another.


    b s e:J'\'l 'l 'I
    <!I
    I
    o

    ( '11) ryapMau, (lam/)

    N 1. tugboat.

    1~'i'l eJ 1 'l
    pleased.
    v

    m.1jphoocaj/ to be dissatisfied, disFl'l1:W-- dissatisfaction, displeasure.

    2. a boat or train of boats pulled by a tugboat.


    'W 'l ~ 'V1'l tJ
    19

    in

    'W 'l

    .;j

    f1

    pMauphii/ V to be fat. N spout. N

    'W eJ 1 'l1 phoochaj/ V to be adequate, passable, fair.

    ( 'W 'l tJ , el'W) phuaV (phuaV, ?an/)

    ~'WeJ1;

    dii/phoochaj/ fairly good, passably good.

    'W'lt!fl1

    ('V1'ltJ, eJ'W) phuajkaa/ (phuaj', ?an/)

    'WeJ~ phoodii/ precisely, exactly, just right (in

    spout of a teakettle.

    size, amount, etc.), just the right moment;

    366
    I
    ~

    just then, at that very moment.


    'V'Hllil ph:x>duu' colloq. quite, noticeably, per'll

    'WeJt:J 'l ph~ophua' N (woman's) father-in-law. 'W eJ:WA


    ph~om6d'

    N wizard, sorcerer.
    'lJ
    QJ .::;,.

    ceptibly.
    o lfHl'I'Wiil klajlphooduu' quite far, pretty far.
    'U

    'W eJ LL:J.J ph~o'mte' N parents: "father and mother."

    -+Syn. DA1:W'1~171'1
    I

    eleg., ~'UHnALn!;l'1

    q,..r

    eleg.

    o 'W'1'W'V1ilil naan'phooduu' quite long (of time).


    'U

    'W eJ L6W

    ph~olfa:u'

    N stepfather.

    'I'HJTI phoothiill That's enough. Enough! (Hold it!).


    'W ellh ~ :J.J '1l:U phoopramaan' v to be moderate

    ~ eJ ~ eJ ph~os"YY'
    'W eJ '1-Y:W '1 () '1-Y!;l 'l

    N male go- between, matchmaker. N widower. (?o:u') N 1. a venerable

    ph~omliajl

    (in quantity). sV 2. moderately, to some degree, to some extent.


    'W eJ

    -rvw ( eJ Hl)

    lua:uph~o'

    priest (commanding respect by virtue of high office or great age). 2. a priest who is one's father. 3. the largest Buddha image in a temple.

    rl'W

    phoophoo'kan' 1. to be about equal,

    about the same, alike. 2. about equally.


    'W eJ L'Yl tJ ~ , L'Yl tJ ~ 'W eJ phoophia:u ' phia:ophool V to

    P 4. you; he, him (sp. to or of a priest as defined


    above.) T 5. title placed before the name of such a priest. nN 6. nickname for a person of high character, with a saintly disposition.
    'WeJn
    ph~og'

    be sufficient, adequate.
    'WeJ'Wiil'WeJ L'W:JtJ ~ phoofad'phoowla:u' V e lab.
    ~

    colloq. to be about the same (in strength). -+Also 'WeJ'0'1il colloq.


    'W eJ 61'U 1 tJ phoosabaajl V to be just right (for com-

    V to put on in layers, pile on thickly. V to have a goiter. V to accumulate, add up,

    FleJ'WeJn 'W eJ n 'W'W


    'U

    khooph~og' ph~bgphuun'

    fort).
    'l'~eJ61:J.JA 'l ~

    phoos6mkhuan' V to be reasonable,
    'W eJ
    ~

    pile up, increase gradually. phoo:u' V to swell, be swollen, get a swelling.

    moderate (in amount, price, etc.).


    'W eJ LVI:J.J '1 ~ 'W eJ L'i 1 ~
    phoom~? 'phox~?'

    to be just colloq.

    A'W61eJ'WeJ~ dins:'Jophoo:u' N a soft, prepared chalk

    right, to fit exactly.


    'W eJ ( A'W)

    -+Also

    'WeJLVI:W1~

    used as an after- bath powder for its cooling effect.


    LV'W'W'W eJ

    pMo 1 (khon')

    N 1. com. father. P 2.

    you; he, him; Father (sp. to or of one's father);


    I, me, Father (father sp. to child).

    ~ pen'phu?phoou' to be covered with clus-

    ters of festering sores (as infected mosquito bites).

    T 3. title

    used before the first names of boys or, in certain circumstances, of men. 4. element placed before nouns and verbs to form agent nouns having the sense of "male engaged in such and such an occupation," as in "cook," eleg.
    'W eJ Fl ~ 'l
    ~

    " 'WeJ ~ ph:Sou' V to be allied, alike; to be synonymous;


    to sound alike; to rhyme (with) .

    ..,,

    'W'ln'WeJ~

    phitagph:Sou' N (one's own) group of

    friends, party, gang.


    'W eJ ~
    c:

    rl'W
    "-'

    ph:Sou'kan to coincide; to be alike; to be

    ~ eJ;1
    -+See 4.

    "merchant." -+S y n. 1. 'U lil '1


    A'W
    .

    synonymous; to rhyme with each other.


    L'1-Y'W'W eJ 'W eJ:J.J
    ~

    ( 171 'l ()) Mnph:Sou'(ditajl)


    'll

    V to agree. N a large bam-

    ~l:U'W eJ khunph~o'

    P e l e g. 1. you; he, him; Father

    ( 1'U 1 !;1 n)

    ph:Som' (bajl, laug')

    (sp. to or of one's father). N 2. father (of someone).


    'W eJ A~ 'l ph~okhrua 1 N cook (i.e. male cook).
    I -.,

    boo basket used to hold paddy.


    'W ~pha~.

    In recent standard dictionaries prior to

    the 1950 edition of the official monolingual Thai dictionary, this spelling was used in words like
    'W ~ 'W n , 'W ~ 'W 'W , 'W ~ :w '1 , 'W ~ tJ 1 'W ,
    ~ ~

    'W eJ A 1 ph~okhaa' N merchant, trader, tradesman,

    shopkeeper.
    'W eJ LliJJ 1 ph~othliw' N an aged man. 'WeJiil1 ph~otaa 1 N (man's) father-in-law.

    etc. The 1 9 50 edi-

    tion, however, deletes

    in such words, writing


    1

    them 'W'!Jn 1 'W\i''W 1 'W:W '1 1 'W(J 1'W vention is followed here.
    'W~

    etc., and this con-

    ~eJ'Il'WVl'l 'U
    boy.
    I "

    (1) pMolthuunhUa'; (2) pMothuun'hi:ia'


    'l
    ~

    N 1. godfather. 2. a beloved boy, an adorable

    phawou' V to worry (about).

    'W~'l ~D~ (1) phawou'thY\J~; (2) phawou'th)TIJ' 1. to


    pMoMan 1 N (male) head of a family. worry about. 2. to worry about it.

    'WeJ'U1'W

    367
    ~

    'W~

    'J 1'W~ 'J 'l phawaa/phawan/ V to hesitate, vacillate,

    VleJ'Wn

    ( VleJ, VI~ 'l)

    h3~pMg/ (h~~/, Un/) N boarding

    be hesitant, undecided (as because of worry, uneasiness, fear).

    house, dormitory, hostel.


    VleJ 'lin ( VleJ 'l) MnpMg/ (h~n/)

    N 1. waiting room,

    'W~~Iil'W~eld.J pha?)ryd/pha?om/ V 1. to feel nauseated,


    squeamish. 2. to be torn between a desire to
    ~

    lounge (as in a train station). 2. room where one stays temporarily (e.g. a hotel room).
    'W 'l

    speak and the necessity for keeping silence (esp. when someone else's feelings are at stake).
    ~

    phan/ V 1. to break, destroy, tear down. 2. to fall in ruins, tumble down, cave in, collapse.

    'Wn phag/ V 1. to rest, stay over (as at someone' s

    'lJ;m1'n i 'l
    9

    parag/hagphan / V el a b. to be ruined,

    home, at a hotel). C 2. elf. for an interval or period of time.


    d~

    dilapidated.
    j;Ji'l phU?/pha:n/ V to be dilapidated.

    TI'Wn

    ( 'Yl, U'Vl'l) thtipMg/ (thti/, hen/)


    '-'

    N 1. resi-

    i'l'Yl~iil1ll phan/thalaaj/ V to fall in ruins, crumble to pieces, tumble down.

    1l1iml1bb~ ~ nampMg/namreen/ N elab.


    colloq. 1. (one's own) effort, labor. 2. (one's) personal investment.
    'U1'Win

    ..,

    dence, lodging, quarters. 2. resting place .

    i 'l S ~ b'W S ~'W 11il

    pha:n/ranee/randad/ V to tumble

    down, collapse, be destroyed, and with the pieces overlapping or lying on top of each other.
    i'l

    ('VlGf~) ManpMg/ (l~:n/) N 1. home,

    ~;J

    in oU1'li'l

    ( bVeJn, i1)

    cManphan/ (ch1ag/,

    residence. 2. quarters, lodging.


    bt1'Win
    ~

    tua/)
    i'l'Wel'W
    ~

    N female elephant. N mongoose. to lie face


    ~

    1 penpMgphag/ fitfully, sporadically,

    ( i1) phanph~~n/ (tua/) 'W eJ'W'W 'l'W 1'U

    at times, in fits and starts, in bursts.


    'Wn j;J eJ'W phagph:,:m/ V to rest, take a rest. in'\t'W phagfjyn/ V to be in convalescence.
    ~

    'W 'l'W 1'U in

    n~~n/pha:nphab/

    '

    down, lie prone.


    i'l b'Wll in F1"1i'l b'Wll ('UTI) kham/phanphddV (bod')

    'Wn

    ~'U

    phagr6b/ V to call a truce, a cease-fire.

    N saying.
    iWJ'W1 phadthanaa' V eleg. 1. to progress, advance.

    in bb ~ d.J phagreem/ V to camp, lodge, stay over-

    night. o TI'Wn bb ~ d.J ( 'Yl, bb'Vl'l) thti/pMgreem/ (thti/, hf::n/) N 1. overnight lodging. 2. campsite.
    in ( . )
    ~

    N 2. progress, advancement.
    d

    iWJ'W1n1S phadthanaa'kaan/ N eleg. progress,

    advancement, development.
    ilil ( b Sl:J..i, 8'1..!) phcid/ (l~m/, ?an/)
    V 1. to fan.

    1; pMg( ... )waj/

    to leave, set (some-

    2.
    I

    thing) aside temporarily.


    d

    (the wind) to blow. N 3. fan. -+Dist. 2.


    l'Uili1 (l'U,i5''W) bajpMd/ (baj/,?an')

    b'!J1.

    'Wn'Vl'W

    phag/ny:n 1. (for) one moment. 2. (for)

    N 1. pro-

    a period of time.
    in 1m~ pMgjaj/ for a long time.

    peller. 2. fan (for a car radiator). 3. fan blades.

    i li1 n S ~ 1 'tin i li1 n ii!1


    N

    phad/kracMog/ to blow very hard,

    1~in;eJ 'l mjpMg/t~:n:::

    does not wait, without

    blow in gusts.

    waiting (e.g. to be invited).

    pMdkl~a / to blow strong.

    1 nin (1 H, bb~'l)

    roo:npMg/ (roon/, hen/)

    ililfih phadchiw/ to blow uninterruptedly, contin-

    co 11 o q. police station.
    f'!1in laaphag/ V to request or take a leave of
    ~

    uously.
    'Wli1 b ~elll phad/chyaj/ to blow lazily, blow gently
    d

    absence (in order to rest).


    Gfnin sagphag/ for a short time, for a while. t: m.1 li1'Wn (As 'l , VI'W) judphag/ (khran/, Mn/) v 1. 9
    oV

    and steadily.
    ili11'tfll phadchooV to blow gently.

    i lill 'Yl
    ~

    pMdfaj / V to fan the fire.

    to take a break, take time out; to rest; to pause, stop to rest. N 2. time out, break, rest, recess. o Vlll !i1in n 611 'l
    9

    ilils~Sdll pMd/raruaj/ eleg. to blow softly, gently.


    'Wiil S'W phcidryyn/ to blow gently and refreshingly.
    ~

    i'W judphagklaanwan/

    1. to take

    'W li1 iii :J..I

    eJ'W, b F1 s eJ 'l ) phcidlom/ (?an', khr1an/)

    a midday break, a noon recess. N 2. midday break, noon recess.

    (electric) fan, air blower.


    f1ilil ramphad' V 1. to dance with fans. 2.

    368
    s 1 a ng to play cards.
    61:WoWlil lompMd' the wind is blowing. oW'I161 ~ pMdthaluu' pN Patthalung, a township in S

    'l'U~::;oW'W ('l'U) bajlaphan' (bajl)


    ~

    N 1000-tical bill.

    ~'W '11

    phanca.a' N 1. warrant officer. T 2. title

    placed before the first name of a warrant officer. o oW'W ~ 1 v 1 n 1 A.

    '

    Thailand. <9J phan' V 1. to wind, coil. 2. to wrap around, wind around.


    d
    ~

    . . phandiat?aakaad:::. . . designa'W 1 ~- - above. 'W 1 ~- - above.

    ~'W

    tion for the warrant officer ranks of the air force.


    oW'W Iii S Shortened form of

    nlJ ~~'W klawphan'

    to be related (to).

    n 1 s--

    i'W 1'11.
    oW'W m

    Shortened form of

    relation, connection.

    oW'W b eJ n . Shortened form of 'W 1 ~- -

    above.

    AliloW'W tldphanl V 1. to engage, occupy, concern,


    involve. 2. to be engaged, occupied, involved (in, with). 3. co 11 o q. to be in love (with) (prior to marriage), to court.
    1:11~1HHJ

    in

    ~ ~:WoW'W dddmphanl N the bet, the stake


    ~

    ingambling.
    0

    -comp.

    ~'W

    <9J,LJ.

    11 ~ ~ ~:wi'W waau'dddmphan'

    to bet, place

    a bet .
    ~

    ...,

    ( i:I'W) pMaphankh::>::>' (phyY"n')


    ...,<U ...,

    N scarf.

    ~'W~

    phantuu' V 1 it. to be engaged in fighting or competing .

    -syn. 1:11i:lflAeJ.
    1:11~'\Jbbi:l ~
    ( :w'J'W, V'W)

    pMaphanphlee 1

    N bandage,

    oW'W6, oW'W6- (1) phanl, phantha:::; (2) phantM?I V 1.

    gauze (milan' for a roll; chin' for a piece).


    i:ifloW'W phuugphan' V 1. to tie, bind, be tied, botmd.
    '\1

    to unite, tie. N 2. co 11 o q. obligation; short for


    ~

    ~'W

    6 n HJL

    ..

    2. (the heart, mind) to be absorbed (with), preoccupied (with), wrapped up (in) (e.g.loved ones, work, obligations). fl1 S-ties, bonds; being

    oW'W 6 n s& phantha?lkaranii', -k::>ranii' N obligation. oW'W61flil

    s ( 'l'U, Q1J'U)

    phanthabad' (bajl, chabab')

    N finance

    bond.

    absorbed (in), wrapped up (in), preoccupation (with). o 'IJ eJ 1:1 n~'W ( 'IJ eJ) kh!'l::>'phuugphan' (kh!'b')
    '\1
    ~

    Yf'W 6 iJ111 S phanthamfd' N allies, ally.

    i'W 6::;
    N

    ( 'IJ eJ) phantha? I (kh~::>')

    N obligation, strings

    (attached to a deal).

    obligation, binding condition; restriction, strings (attached to a deal).


    oW'WoW'J, oW'JoW'W phanphual, phuaphanl V to be in-

    i'W6

    phan' N breed, species, kind, pedigree, lineage.

    ' i'W 5 ~ 61 :W
    ' "' cW&Ji'W 5 '
    '\1

    1:161 :WoW'W 5 phas6m'phan' V to breed.

    '

    "'

    phan'phas6m' N hybrid, half- breed. ( 'li'Wlil) ph9-ydphan' (chanfd') N plant,

    volved, implicated, mixed up, tangled up.


    ~

    'l'l'W LJ phan' Nm 1. thousand. C 2. elf. for thou-

    vegetation.

    sands.
    0

    A'WtJ.-oW'W 5 suun'phan'
    ( LJooo) so::>uphanl two thousand.

    to be extinct.

    61 eJ ~oW'W

    61eJ~oW'W~;eJ~~;1~'U~~lil (LJ((~ru) s~::>uphan 1 slir:bjlk.1awsllx:ed' two thousand four hundred and ninety seven (BE 2497 = AD 1954).

    ~'UoW'W 5"' s)rybphan' V ' offspring). n 1 S-61qji'W 5 suun'phan'


    '\1 ' "'

    '

    to reproduce (produce propagation, reproduction. to be extinct. to be extinct.

    'Vl:WiiloW'W 5 modphan'

    n eJ ~i'W
    'W 1 fJ oW'Wlil

    ( n eJ ~,

    n eJ ~oW'W) b::>uphan' (b::>u', b::>u:::


    naajphantrii' (khon', naajl)

    oW'\J phab' V 1. to fold. C 2. elf. for a bolt of cloth

    '

    v v

    phan')

    N battalion.

    S ( A'W, 'W 1 ~)

    "' ~ "' 'W ~~'\J b~f:J'\J


    '\J 1 'Wi'U

    (a length of cloth which is folded, as in a store).


    n~u'phabphtab'

    to sit (on the floor)

    N 1. major. T 2. Major --. -Also informally


    oW'Wiil

    with both legs tucked back to one side.


    ( el'W) baanpMbl (?ani) ( b~:W) mtidpMb' (lem')

    s.
    ( A'W, 'W 1 ~) naajphanthoo' (khon', naajl)
    oW'WLll. -Abbrev. ~.11.
    ~~

    N hinge. N penknife, clasp

    'W 1 f:JoW'W 1'11

    :l'llili'U

    N 1. lieutenant-colonel. T 2. Lt. Colonel --. -Alsoinformally

    knife, pocketknife.

    ~ :wi'U 16m'pMb' V to collapse.


    ~ ~

    'W1~oW'Wbelfl
    naajl)

    (A'W,'W1~) naajphan?eegl (khon',


    ~

    in

    ~~~'W, ~'W~'J

    phuaphan', phanphua' V to be

    N 1. colonel. T 2. Colonel --. -Also


    ~'W ~

    involved, implicated, mixed up, tangled up.


    i'J::; btltJ::; phua?phfa?l imit. the sound of beating,

    informally

    eJ n .

    369

    .., slapping, cracking. --Also WJ::; U:JtJ::;.


    i61r1

    ..

    of an actor; this is done with foreign films and N 1. silent films .

    (~~.a~1~)
    I "-'

    pMdsadli?'(sln'.jaan')

    ...

    goods, articles, things. 2. parcel post. o 61 Hl1 ~'\AlGi~ son'thaanpMdsadiJ?I to send by parcel post.

    '\AI 1&'1itJ, '\AI 1&'1itJ-

    phaanfd', phaanfd'cha:::

    N com-

    merce.

    n 1 ~-- commerce,

    n S ::;'l1S 'J ~'W1&'1itJ

    ...

    trade~

    krasuan'phaanfdl N Ministry

    F161~i61r1 (llVH) khlan'phadsadu?' (hen') N

    of Commerce .
    '\AI 1&'11tJ n 1 ~ '\AI 1 r1 ph~ad'

    storehouse. tJbl!Vi61r1 banchii'phadsadu?l N eleg. inventory, list of articles. i61 r11 'lJ ~'\oJ-litJ... phadsadu?lprajsanii' N parcel post.

    phaanfd'chakaan' N commerce.
    V to lean against, lean on, place upon .

    '1l1'J'W1rl~'J khaaw'phAadhua' headline news.


    '\AI 1 r1'W

    ~ (D ~) pMadphil)'(th)1u:::) V to concern,

    1s~i61r1 (LS~,u~~)
    9

    roon'phadsadu?' (roon'.

    be related to, touch upon, have a bearing on; to implicate .


    .., I

    hen') 'W1
    19)

    N storehouse, warehouse.

    phaa' V to take along, bring along.


    d

    'W1r1'1-l'J'1J1'J N news.
    '\AI 1 'YltJ .

    phAad'huakhaaw' to give the headline

    FI'W'W 1 l 't1 tJ 'J

    ( Fl'W) khon'phaathtaw' (khon') 2. escort.

    1. tourist guide.

    See entries below. ( 'J

    'W''l'W 1 namphaa' V to pay attention to, take an interest in, care for. --Chiefly in negative or

    ~'\AI 1 'YltJ...
    'WQl'W 1 'l1tJ tra.
    '\AI 1'W
    19) (

    ~)

    pliphAad' (won')

    N Thai orchestra. N Thai orches-

    ( 'J ~

    ) phinph~ad 1 (won')

    interrogative constructions. o

    1~'ll1'W 1 m~jnamphaa' to pay not the slightest


    attention to; to ignore (e.g. tradition, a warning). AA expressionindicatingcon-

    1'U)

    phaan 1 (baj') N tray with pedestal. (L'U) phaanmaag 1 {baj') N betel tray.

    'W1'W'I-l:IJ1n 'W1'W
    !.J.

    'W1rl'W phaa'kan:::

    Seeentriesbelow.
    ph~wphaan'

    certed action, simultaneous and identical action


    by the members of a group .
    0

    UWJ '\AI 1 'W

    V to bother, disturb, give

    trouble. 'W'U'W 1 'W ph6bphaan' V to meet, see, encounter. 'W1'W in


    '\AI 1 'U in
    b'W'W'Wl'WpMnph~an'

    'W1n'W'I-l'J b n::: phaa'kanhuar:S?/ everybody laughed (together).

    .., ..,

    V torove,ramble .

    'W 1 b ~'W b-tlr1 phaandn'ch~dd' s 1 a ng to steal money, lift money, run off with money.

    ..,

    'W el'W'W ~'\AI 1'\J n:J::m'phanpMab' to lie face


    ..,

    down, lie prone.

    'W1~1

    ..,

    phaas?Y' naively, unsuspectingly.

    '\AI 1 tJ

    ( J'W, r11 J.J) phaaj' (?an',


    V 2. to paddle.

    d~am')

    N 1. paddle,

    'Wl ... b~'Wt:Jl'W phaa' ... dddnphaan' to take (someone) past, lead (someone) past.
    '\AI 1 ... 1

    'WltJ bS1 phaajrya' V to paddle (a boat).

    'lJ phaa' ... paj::: to take (someone) to.

    1~ bcU'W 1 ~.., bcU'W'W 1 tJ


    ized.

    mtljpenl6o'penphaajl idiom.

    '\AI 1 .. J.J 1 phaa' ... maa' to bring (someone).


    d '\AI~ '\AI 1 d

    to make no sense, be incoherent, not well organ-

    ph1tJphaa' V to depend on (for aid).


    ..,

    '\AI ~'\AI 11J 1 AtJ ph1tJphaa I? aasa j I

    to depend on for

    1~'W1tJ
    bS el'W 1 tJ

    ( el'W) majphaaj' (?an')

    N 1. paddle.

    a living, for aid. ;;Jn'W1 lag'phaa' V (a man) to carry off, elope with (a woman) . '\All
    !.J

    2. big wooden spatula. ( 61'1) ryaphaajl {lam') N rowboat.

    in

    bi'ltJ'J'Wln~ ktawphaa'raasii' V elab.

    ..,

    '\AI 1 tJ, -- bb'W pMajl, pMajphte' V to be defeated, to

    lose. 'W1tl'W phaajab' lit.,eleg. northwest. --Syn. 17J::;i'W 171 n blil,tJ

    colloq. to court, woo; to make love to.


    '\AI 1 n 'WJ.J ph~agphuum'
    'U

    1. to be proud. 2. to be

    b'1-l'"' W eJ com. -+The literary and the

    dignified, grand, majestic. -+Also spelled


    Jl1F1Jl~, q.v.
    'U

    common terms for the eight chief points of the compass are listed under

    firi.

    '\AI 1 n bY1 tJ s ph~agphian'

    ...

    to persevere . 2. to speak the part

    Jll Fl'W ltJ'W pMaglphaajab' N the northwest, the northwestern part {of Thailand).

    '\AI 1 n tJ phtiag 1

    V 1. to narrate.

    370
    'W1~

    phaaju?/ N storm.

    'W 1 !Hh.! phaaju? "fon" N rainstorm.


    ~

    'W1El'l'l1fi~'W8 ~

    'WiJ'loWbAS1~'VI phfnfd"phikhr5?/ V elab. eleg.


    to deliberate, consider carefully, examine, look critically.
    oW':JJ1lil phfkh~ad" V lit.,eleg. todestroy,ruin,kill.
    .. A

    phaaju?/-faa"khan:J:JU" N thunder-

    storm.
    'W1~'VI~'W

    phaaju?J'mun" N cyclone.

    LS8'W ':JJ 1lil ( flo1)

    rya"phfkh~ad" (lam") N destroyer.

    'W1EJ~:W~ phaaju?/hima?/ N snowstorm. q


    ~ :W'W 1 ~

    oW -i phiu" V to lean against. 'l'l11iloW -i ( ~ -i) pMadphiu"(thY1J8) V to concern,

    lom"phaaju?" N windstorm.
    EJ 1 ~'W 1 s 1 jaau"phaaraa" N 1. the Para

    'W 1 S1 in

    be related to, touch upon, have a bearing on; to implicate.


    oW 'l1 H~ 1 phfcaaranaa" V 1. to consider, deliberate.

    rubber tree. 2. the rubber obtained from such a tree.


    'W 1 ~ phaan" V 1. to be mischievous, bad, ignorant,

    2. to take into consideration, examine, look closely and carefully.

    troublesome; to stir up trouble. 2. to be bullying, bossy, take one's frustrations out on someone else.
    ~
    I

    n 1 s--

    consideration,

    deliberation, careful examination.


    oW 'l1 H~ 1 bGi'W 8 phfcaaranaa"san~8/ to consider

    A'!.I-A

    troublemaker, mischief-

    maker; fault-finder.
    'W1'VI'W~ (fi'W,8El1~,'ti'W!il)

    recommending, consider proposing. phaaha.na?" (khan",jaau".


    A

    oW 'l1 S~ 1 LVl'W 'J 1 phfcaaranaa"henw~a" to realize

    chanfd")
    EJ 1'W'I'l1'VI'W~
    "'

    N vehicle, means of transportation.


    ~
    I

    that, think that.


    'WiJ'loW'l1 S~1 phfnfd"phfcaaranaa" V to study and

    ( fi'W, 8D 1-i, V'Wiil) jaan"phaahana?/

    (khan", jaau". chanfd")

    N vehicle.

    examine carefully, consider carefully.


    oW'tfmUiil

    GfwJ'W1'VI'W~ ( &i''J) sad"phaabana?/ (tua") N


    beast of burden.
    'l'l:W'I'l1.
    "' 0

    phfd"chakhanfd" N algebra. -+See Arnlil

    YliJ!ii

    phfchid" V 1 it. to conquer, subdue, defeat.

    'Vi~ ('VIi~) phin" (lau") N harp.


    oW~'\'I 1 '11 D ( 'J -i ) phinpMad" (wou") N Thai orchestra.

    'W 1!Tn phamnag" V lit.eleg. tostay,reside.


    0

    [conv. f.
    J
    ~
    I

    in ]
    N 1. resi-

    ~ 11~ il'W phfthii/phftMn" V to be punctilious, meticulous.

    '11'1"h'Wn

    ( U'VI-i) thti"phamnag" (hen")

    dence, dwelling place. 2. place of stay.


    'Wn~ phtkon"*
    V to be strange, abnormal, peculiar.

    'Wrln~ phithag" V to protect, guard, keep, take care of. "' "' "' t:J~rJn~rl''W~ S1~iJS (A '!.I, 'W 1 D) ph11uphftMg"santir.1ad" qJ
    (khon",naaV) N eleg. policeman.

    'Wn floWn 1 s phtkon"phtkaan"* V e 1 a b. co 11 o q.

    1. to be abnormal, deformed. 2. to be strange, odd.


    oWnIii phfkad" V 1. 1 it. to limit, fix.

    "' 'Wrln~in~1 phfthag"ragsila" V elab. toprotect,


    guard, take care of.

    N 2. limit.

    ~fj (~S)

    phfthii" (phithii")

    N ceremony.

    3. tax, duty. o '1!8-ilii8~'Wn!il kh~bu"t~uphikad" lit. taxable or dutiable articles.


    'Wn 1 S phfkaan" V to be disabled, physically handi-

    -i 1'WoW 5 uaanphfthii" N ceremony.

    LJs~n8'UoW5 prak~:Jb"phfthii/ V eleg. to conduct


    a ceremony, officiate at a ceremony.

    'WS~S1't1~5 phrar.1ad"chaphithii" N royalceremony, state ceremony.

    capped; to have (permanent) physical defects. A'!.I-- handicapped disabled person, person who has a physical defect (e.g., is blind, crippled, etc.)

    ~ 5n S S :W phithii"kam" N rite, worship, sacrificial


    rite.

    ~5n 1 s ( eW 11)

    phfthii/kaan" (jaau")

    N ceremony;

    'Wn~'Wn1s phtkon"phtkaan"* V elab. colloq.


    1. to be abnormal, deformed. 2. to be strange, odd.
    A 0'

    formal procedure, formality, protocol.

    'fl5 n 1 S LQ~:W Q~ 8 i
    ~ 50l1lJ'!,lfl 'l

    phfthii"kaan" -chal;}8m"chal3:JD"

    N commemoration ceremony. phithii/chaa"panakld" N 1 it., e 1 e g.

    'W bA S1 ~'VI phfkhr:)?/ V e 1 e g. to deliberate, con-

    sider carefully.

    cremation rite.

    371
    ~ fi ~Iii
    ~""""

    phfthiilriit;:,;:,u' N e lab. co 11 o q.

    'Vhm

    .phim'

    to print, imprint.

    n 1 s--

    printing;
    I

    customary ceremony, traditional ceremony, formality. 'W561m 61 phfthii'sOmr6d' N e leg. wedding ceremony. 'Y11B

    publishing. ~-printer.

    publisher; printer.

    V1 ~--

    ~'W:w~ tiilphim' V to print, type, publish.


    0

    ~ ~ ~'Y1:w~ loutiilphim' V to publish.


    bhbphim' (beE:b', ?an',

    .-

    phtthl)ol~*

    E Well! (exclamative expressing -+Com p.

    U'U'Ufl:w~ ( Lb'U'U, eJ'W, 1'U)


    baj/)
    .,-

    surprise and relief).

    ~'tlLB .

    'W'!Tt~nss:w (Q'\J'U) phfnajkam' (chaoob') N law


    a will.
    'W'W 1 A phfn,qad' V e 1 e g. to be destroyed, ruined, demolished. -+S y n. See 'J J li1 'J 1 t.J com.

    '

    N 1. blank form, printed form with blank


    I

    spaces to be filled in. 2. mold .

    'Y1:w~ ( . ) ~ 0 1V!'W 1 tJ phim'( ... )camnaaj/ V to


    publish (for sale). ~-- publisher . .'Y1:w~~li1 phimdhd' V 1. to type, to typewrite. N 2. typing. 3. short for
    0

    'WcQ~ phinid' to consider attentively, examine

    closely and carefully.


    li1!;l'Y1cW~ dun'phinid', dunlaphinid' N 1. careful,
    9

    ~'!Tn ~ 1'W'W:w~ ~ li1 ( fl'W)


    (khon')
    .-

    .-

    Lfl ~ J

    ~--

    typewriter .

    phamiguaan'phimdlid'

    N typist.
    + "'

    impartial, prudent consideration. 2. equitable judgment.


    'W1J~'Y1bflSl:::V! phinid'phikhr:)?l V elab. eleg.

    o 'W:w~~li1n~::: L'lJT~h

    phimdlid'krap<lwhtw' N

    portable typewriter.

    fl:w~''\ ~

    LtJt.J 'J phim'rooniaw' V to duplicate by

    to deliberate, consider carefully, examine, look critically. 'WcQ ~ 'Y1 ~ 1 Hl.! 1 phinid'phicaaranaa' V to study and examine carefully, consider carefully.

    means of a Roneo machine (similar to mimeographing).

    fl:w;vr'IT~~J
    type. device. Li't.J ~'W:w~ 1~

    phim'nausYY''
    .J
    ~--

    1. to print. 2. to

    Lfl ~ J

    printing press; any printing

    'W'lJ~'WA li1 phinid'-phid'duu', phinid'phisaduu'


    'IJ

    V to consider, look at carefully.

    riatJphim' V to set type. roouphim 1 (roou') N printery,

    'W'\J~,Jlt.J-- phfbad', phaj'phiood' N eleg. disaster,


    calamity. -+Syn. 1'\J~.

    ~'Y1:w; ( 1~ ~)

    press, publishing house. vr'IT ~ ~ lfl:w; ( Q'\J'U) newspaper. 'Y1:wL61'W


    I

    'WcW~'W 1 n 1 ~ phipMd'thanaa'kaan' N e 1 e g. development, progress, advancement, evolution.


    'W~ 1 n"el-1 phiph,qagsaa' V to judge.
    I

    nausyY'phim' (chaoob') journalism.

    n 1 ~--

    ~-- judge.
    'IJ

    phims~en' N chem., bot. borneol.


    mamOau 'phims~en' N a variety

    1'11--

    ( J t.J 1 ~ ) verdict, decision.


    d

    :W::; :W 'J ~ 'W :W L61 'W

    'W~Tll phiph,qad' V eleg. to quarrel, dispute.


    n ~bl.!~~ 1 't1 ( Ls J ( uvr ~)
    .c,IQ,

    of mango. 'Y1n'U in 'Wnfln'U


    (lil'J)

    , n ~bl.!)

    .:::11

    karaniilphfpMad', b-

    n6gphfr,qab' (tua')

    (ryau'. karanii') 'W'Y1s Jlbl.!'fl

    N dispute, controversy.

    pigeon (Columbidae).

    phiphid'thaphan' (heu') N museum. ( llV!~) phiphid'thaphan'sathaan'

    'W~ fi phirud' N 1. suspiciuos act; telltale trace 9


    (of something wrong). V 2. to act suspiciously, be strange, suspicious . :Wfl H
    9

    'Y1'WsJ1rn'f161 bl1'W (heu 1 )


    .-

    N museum.

    n 'lf'W'W fi Jlbl.!'fl r,qad'chaphiphid'thaphan' pN The Royal Museum (in Bangkok).

    miiphfrud' V to act suspiciously, be

    suspicious (in action, appearance). fl1 Sfi phir6od' V 1 it. to be angry, provoked.

    flJl~ phiph6b' N eleg.,lit. world, earth.


    li11'J~~:::'WJl~, li11'J'WJl~ (li1'J~)daaw'phraphfph6b',
    N Earth. -+Also li11 'J

    'Y1~n (1) phtlyg'; (2) phtlyg'*~ V 1. to be odd, strange,


    queer. E 2. How odd! (expressing reproach, dissatisfaction with another's words or actions). 'WA phfd' V eleg. to look at carefully.

    daawphiph6b' (duau') L!;ln.

    -+The names of the major planets are

    listed under li11 'J .


    'USSbl.!'WJl~ ban'naphiph6b' N eleg. the literary

    ~ 1:w'Y1f'\

    uaamphfd'

    to appear increasingly

    world, the world of literature.

    beautiful upon contemplation, to be profoundly

    372

    beautiful (used mostly of women).


    ~1J.Jr.J1A.

    __.. D i st.

    extensive, complete account.


    LAU'Vi;;iA 1 ~

    doojlphisadaan' extensively, in detail.

    'W~A phisaduul, phfdlduul V to look at carefully.


    'U

    1~iii~'W;;iA1S wic1d'phisadaan' V to be magnificent, gorgeous, elaborately beautiful.


    'W;;iilu phisam~jl V lit. to love, to like.
    .-

    o 'WiJ"l'W~A phinid'-phid'duul V to consider;


    'U

    to regard, look at carefully.


    'Vi~ 'l ~ phisaw~u' V to be surprised, amazed, puz-

    'W;;i "l'W phisuud' V to prove.


    'U

    .-

    zled, perplexed; to wonder. ment, amazement.


    'W1'W~'l ~ n.1a'phisaw~u'
    I A

    A 'J 1J.J-- puzzle-

    'IJeJ'W;;i "l'W
    .J '1.1
    0:::0.

    ( 'IHJ)
    0"'

    kh~b'phfsuud' (kh~::>')

    N proof.

    l A HH'W;;i "l'W khr?au'phfsuud' N proof, material


    'U

    V to be amazing, astonamazingly, aston'W.


    "'

    proof. phiil the English letter "P." [f. Eng.] phiil V to be fat.
    'W 'l
    d

    ishing, perplexing. eJU 1 ~-ishingly, surprisingly.

    'W

    'Vi~ 'J ~ ~ ~ ~ 'J u phfsaw~u'uouuuajl V to be dum-

    "' phflauphiil V to be fat. n1


    ph1Y (khon 1 ) N com. 1. older sibling,

    founded, bewildered, perplexed.

    A 'l1 J.J--

    puz-

    '1'1

    ( A'W)

    zlement, perplexity, bewilderment.


    'W~'J1;;i phisawaad' V 1. to love, to like. N 2. love,

    i.e. older brother or sister. P 2. I, me (older sibling to yg. sibling, husband to wife, older person to slightly younger person); you, he, him, she, her (sp. to or about one's older sibling, one's husband, a slightly older person). T 3. title used with the first name of an older sibling.
    ..,

    affection .
    .y; l A 'to} phi seed' V to be special, extra. l ~'W'W l ~'to} penphiseed' 1. to be special, particu-

    lar. 2. especially.
    in'(o}lll.~.y; l ~'(o} lag'sana?lphiseed' special feature

    -+Comp. 'Wiill
    Am'W below.
    ~lli.'W
    d
    9

    "younger sibling." -see 2.

    or character, distinctive feature.


    ~'t1S.y; b ~'bf sldthf?lphiseed' special privilege.
    .y;'bf phid' N 1. poison, venom. 2. bad effect, injury.
    d

    khunphiil P e 1 e g. you (younger sibling to

    older sibling, wife to husband).


    'Wlbn
    d

    3. power, effect.
    rh.y;'bf thamphfdl V co 11 o q. 1. to cause trouble.

    phiikE:1 co 11 o q. he, that fellow; she, that

    lady.
    'W b 'IJU
    d

    2. to produce a bad result.


    b~'W'Vi'bf penphfdl V 1. to be poisonous, toxic.

    phiikh~8jl

    N brother-in-law who is the

    husband of one's older sister.


    'WV1 U phiichaajl N 1. older brother. 2. co 11 o q.

    2. to have bad effects .


    .y;'b!Sn phidr:ig' the poisoning effect of love (as

    (older) buddy.
    'W'Wiil l
    d"'
    phiin:~bu'

    when unrequited or tainted with jealousy) .


    .y;'bf(;i ~ phids~u' N power to harm, capacity to do

    N brothers; sisters; brother

    and sister, brothers and sisters; cousins. o


    Ad V bl!1iii'W'Wiil~
    d
    V

    harm, harmful effect.

    j.1adlphiin:S::>u' N relatives.
    A

    ~'W'bf miiphfdl V to be poisonous (as a snake).


    U1.y;'bf ( tfiJA) jaaphid' (chanid')
    0

    o 'W'Wiil l
    d~

    ~ 'l:WV1iil

    phiin:S::>u'rflamch~ad'

    (one's)

    N poison.

    fellow citizens.
    'Wr.J'l

    'l1 ~ [) 1.y;'(o} waau'jaaphfdl

    to poison.

    phii/phua' N brother- or sister-in-law

    L S A.y;'bf(;i ~ 1 rl:logl-phfdl suraal N alcoholism.

    (of a woman in ref. to her husband's older brother or sister): "husband's elder sibling."
    'W b:WU phiilmia' N brother- or sister-in-law
    d "'

    l
    '

    eJ'Vi'bf ?ajphfdl N poison gas.

    '

    .y;'bflli.L Rn phfsanul~og' pN Phitsanulok, a township

    in N Thailand .

    (of a man in ref. to his wife's older brother or sister): "wife's elder sibling."
    d .Jt 'Wl~U~

    .y;~ A1 S phisadaanl V 1. to be strange, peculiar,

    queer, unusual, extraordinary. 2. to be extensive, detailed. liarity.


    'IJ eJ A'l1 :w'1 ~A 1 S kh~::>khwaam'phisadaan' detailed,

    phiiliau' N 1. nursemaid. 2. sport

    A'l1 J.J--

    strangeness, pecud

    one who manages, trains or tends an athlete.


    'W;;i~1Jl phiisaphajl N sister-in-law who is the
    v

    "

    wife of one's older brother.

    373
    rH11 1 phtisflawl
    d
    I

    N older sister.

    '\11, d1vn.
    bc\J'W~li1

    'V'Il Vfbl! phtijaj'


    ~
    'U

    N eldest sibling.

    penph~dl 1. to be webbed (as a duck's


    2. (side by side) in a row.
    (~li1) ph~dkhawl (ph~dl)

    n'V'I

    ( Fl'W) lfiugphtil (khonl) N cousin who is

    feet).
    ~li1 b~1
    d-'

    the child of an elder uncle or aunt; the child of an older sibling.


    J
    'U 'U
    <u

    N mountain

    range, chain.
    'V'I'W phyY-nl N 1. floor.

    ~n'V'IG!n'WeJ ~

    ( Fl'W) lfiugphtillfiugn:S:Ju' (khon')

    2. surface (of earth, water,

    N cousin.
    '"' V'I ~ phy:ul
    c5i
    c:;

    etc.). -+Dis t. Fl 1 ~ 2.
    I

    AA should, ought.
    ~

    bbli'U~'W 1 bhb'phyY-nphyY-n' simple, everyday


    One

    o 'V'IHJ

    bVJ~n bJ.Jl~J'W phy:u'-tiileg'm~ar:bn't

    q_,

    style.
    bc\Jtr~"''W penphyY-n'

    should forge while the iron is hot.


    Y1 ~'lJ ~::; 6H Fl phy:u'prasou' e leg. to be desirable.

    1. as a foundation, basis, back-

    ground. 2. on the average, generally, basically.

    ~ ~ 'lJ ~ 1 ~ 61'W 1 phy:upraad'thanaa' e leg. to be

    ~'Wfl 1 1:!-JS"'
    'U

    phyY-n'khwaamruu' N background of

    desirable.
    Y1 ~ 'V'I J

    knowledge, fundamental knowledge (possessed by someone).


    J' A 'V'I'Wii1'W phyY-ndin/ N the ground, earth, earth-surface. J' J 'V'i'WTI phyY-nthtil N terrain, surface of the earth. J' J 'V'I'Wm1'U (bbVJ~) phyY-nthtilr~ab' (hE:u') N geog.

    1~

    phY!Jph:J:Jcajl 1. to be satisfied, pleased,

    contented. 2. to satisfy, be satisfactory.


    Fl 1 1 J.J- -

    satisfaction. 1. to be noteworthy.

    Y1 ~ ~ ~ bn Iii phY!J I saukeedl

    2. (it) should be noticed (that); note (that).


    d '~ ~ d
    0J

    plain.
    J' 'V'I'W b'V'I phyY-npheel

    ph~'

    V to depend on (for help).

    N background of a person. N (as n. mod.) native, local.


    Fl'W--

    'V'I ~In ph~phaal V to depend on (for help).

    J' "' 'V'I'W bJ.J J ~ phyY-runyau'

    o
    d

    d ~ 'V'I~'V'11J1Al'J

    ph~phaal?aasajl

    elab. colloq. o

    See examples below.

    a native.

    to depend on for a living, for help.


    'V'I ~
    LJ

    'IJ11'Wb:i'Jl~
    v

    (Fl'W)

    chaawphyY-nmyau' (khon')

    ph~'

    AA 1. just, just now. 2. (not) yet, (not) -+Syn. 1. b'1~. 2. b'1~, b'V'Il.
    I I

    N native, native inhabitant. o ll1~1~'Wb:i'll~ phaasaa'phyY-nmyau' N dialect, regional speech.


    J' <u 'V'I'W ~ J ~ bTI 1 phyY-nlr:J:JUthaaw' N shoe sole. J' ~ 'V'I'Wn'U (J'W,bbVf~) phyY-nr~ab' (?an',hE:u') N 1.

    just now.

    Y1:w'V'I'1 phympham' V to murmur, mumble, mutter.

    ~'WY1d-J'V'I'1
    '

    bc:m'phympham' V to grumble, mutter,

    murmur.

    ~cJ (Jl'J1~,'IJ'i.Jli1) ph~d/ (jaau'. chanid')


    vegetation.
    'W 1d-J'W'V'I 6J namman'ph~d/
    ~
    <>.-'

    N plants,
    9

    geom. plane. 2. geog. plain.


    'V'I See entries below.
    v '

    co

    N vegetable oil.

    'Wo 1'V'I
    9

    ( bbVJ ~ )

    namphU? I (hE:u')

    N fountain, spring,

    ~'IJ'lJ~ n ph~dpluug' N cultivated plant. 'U

    water spout.
    b'iJ'W'V'I'V'I J
    9

    ~cJw ~ ( J t.; 1 ~ , '/Jml) ph~dpMn'

    (jaau'. chanid')

    ~ penphu?ph:J:JD' to be covered with clus-

    N 1. a plant and its products. 2. agricultural products. 3. crops. ~ .'V'10'V'I'WG ph~dphanl N plant, vegetation.

    ters of festering sores (as infected mosquito bites).


    'V'In
    9

    "'

    in

    Vf'W'V'In
    'U 9

    ( rl1)

    nuuphUg' (tua')

    N field rat.
    TIJ~.

    <u

    ~cJ b ~ J ~ ~ l'W ph~d'myaur:SJnl N tropical plants.


    'V'I'IJl'J'Wiii'W ph~d'jyynttln'
    "' "' <u

    ~~

    phuu 1
    ~ ~~~

    N colloq. belly, stomach. -+Syn.

    N perennial plant.

    louphuu' V colloq. to have a big belly,

    ~cJl "i ph~d'r~jl


    1

    N farm crops.

    be paunchy, potbellied.
    ~ ~

    ~'IJ&id-JG!n 9

    <u

    ( Jii'W, 'IJ'i.Jli1)

    ph~d'l6mlug' (ten', chanid')

    phfiu' V 1. to thrust, throw, hurl. 2. to fly, move at high speed.

    N any plant whose life cycle is short, as an annual or a biennial.


    bd-Jg li1~0 ( bd-Jg li1)
    9

    ~~ ~ l;
    star.
    I

    (li11 ~)

    phliphfiut~ajl

    (duau')

    N shooting

    maled'ph~d' (maled') N seed.

    ~li1 ph~d/ N 1. line, row; range (of mountains).


    C 2. elf. for a range of mountains. -+Syn. 1.

    'V'I 1 l'J'V'I ~
    9

    phuajph11u' V 1. (liquid) to stream out,

    pour out, spout forth. 2. (smoke, dust) to puff

    'VH q

    374
    up, rise up. 3. to throw up beams (of light).
    ~~lb'Vi6'l'W

    ~JJ 1~ (~JJ)
    q q

    ph1lmmaajl (ph1lm')

    N 1. bush. 2.

    '

    ph1ltJlEn/ V 1. to throw, hurl a javelin.


    ~JJ

    grove of trees.
    lfl

    N 2. javelin throwing.
    S'U~~

    in

    ~JJ'ViJJ1

    tJ , ~JJJJ 1 tJ

    phOmm~ajl

    N widowhood.

    r6bphGn' V to fight, wage war, engage in

    ' ' [ii n ~ JJJJ 1 tJ


    ~tJ

    tog'ph1lmm~ajl

    to become widowed.

    a battle.
    ~'115

    n 1 S-- fighting, battle, war.


    N Buddha. -+Chiefly in cpds.

    phUjl V 1. to paddle. 2. to make a paddling motion with the hands (as when swimming).

    phUdl, phUd'tha:::
    9

    tleJ~'YI5 thyY"phUdl V co 11 o q. to profess Buddhism.

    ~tJ'ti1'JA'JtJlil~ bfltJ'U phlijlkMaw'-d1lajtaklab' to 9


    scoop rice into one's mouth with chopsticks (from a bowl held up to the mouth).

    s ~~m phraphUd' N the Lord Buddha. "' ~ s ~ ~ '115 b 'il1 ( ~ s ~ eJ ~A ) phraphUd'thadtaw'


    ~

    (phra:::

    ~tJ'W'1 phujlnaam' V to paddle (in water).


    9

    "' ""

    ?on')
    q

    N the Lord Buddha.


    'II

    ~ . Variant spelling of ~ in
    N
    ~
    1

    "'

    ~ 'il 1 tJ , ~'Vi~~ , used to

    'WS~'W'YI5S'tJ

    (el~Fl)

    phraphUd'thar1lub' (?on')

    render a pronunciation phuu:::.


    ( ~, ~ 'J ~)
    ~fl'W
    ~A
    v
    v

    image of Buddha.
    ~ S ~~'115 fi 1 ~'W 1 phraphUd'thasaadsan~a'
    q

    ph1lu' (ph1lu', phuan') ph1lukan/ (?an')

    N tassel, tuft.

    -saasa:::

    (eJ'W)

    N artist's brush.
    ~-

    naat N Buddhism.
    ~'115

    ph1lud' V c om. to speak, talk, say. spokesman.


    Fl"1--

    - speaker,

    n 161 phUd'thakaan' N 1. the time of the

    (see below). -Dis t. 'U eJ n


    fl611'J

    Buddha. 2. the Buddhist era.


    'W'YI51'fn S1 'tl phUd'thasagkaraad' N Buddhist era. q

    "to tell." -+Syn.


    Fl"1~A
    'II

    eleg. N spoken word,

    ( Fl'1) khamph1lud' (kham')


    d

    -Abbreviated ~.fl. thasog' 1 it.


    ~'115
    q

    -+Also ~'115fin q

    phUd'::: o

    utterance.
    b Fl S eJ ~ 'ViJJ 1 tJ Fl1~A
    0

    khryanm~ajlkhamph1lud'

    fi 1 ~'W 1 phUd'thasaadsanaa' -saasanaat N


    ~

    quotation marks. o Jl1"&1Fl'1~1il phaasaa'khamph1lud' 1. the spoken 'II language. 2. a colloquialism.


    0

    Buddhism, Buddhist religion.


    fi1~'W1~'115

    S ~--

    idem.

    dhism.

    '

    saadsanaalphud', saasanaa- N Bud-

    Sfl"&1Fl'1~A ragsaalkhamph1lud' to keep one's 'II

    ~'IlLs
    q

    ph1ltMo'!*, ph1ldtMo'!* E Oh my! Gosh! My goodness! (exclamative expressing surprise and discouragement). -+Also written

    word. ' 't11 ~~A ch~anph1lud' V to be talkative, full of talk.


    9J '

    ~ 15', ~1 ~.
    q
    9

    ~A

    fl S eJ fl ~ ( 'J 1 ) ph1ludl- kr?.l::>ghuu' (w~a:::)

    1. to talk

    -comp.

    Y11s.

    into a person's ear. 2. to drop a hint or make a complaint which is intended for the ears of a particular person present.

    ~'YILS beitJ

    ph1ltMol!?88jl* E What a pity! Too

    bad! It's a shame. (e.g. on learning about mishap).


    ~'11S1
    q

    ~ lil n s ~ 'YI'U D ~ ph1lud'- krath6b'thY:!F to speak 'II


    N jujube. lii'W--(fil'W) insinuatingly about, insinuate (something) about (someone).
    v v

    {61fl) phUdsaal (11lug')


    'II

    the jujube tree.

    ~1 ~.
    q

    Variant spelling of

    ~'11 L 6.
    q

    ~lilfl'W~

    b Sel~ ph1lud'kanrliuryan' to be able to com-

    'W 5 . See entries below. q


    A 1 ~~ S ~~ 5 daaw'phniphUd'

    municate or converse together with mutual underN Mercury (the standing or comprehension.
    ~lilF161

    planet). -+The names of the major planets are listed under A1 'J
    v

    eJ ~ ph1ludkhl~n' to speak fluently, smoothly,

    in a facile manner. -+Also


    ~5.

    'J'W~5

    wanphUd' N WedneRday.

    ~lilF1,1lilel'UF1"1 ph1ludkham't?.l::>bkham' elab. colloq.


    'II

    -The days of the week are listed under 'J'W.

    to say scarcely anything and only when asked, to be taciturn.


    ~lil ~

    ~ 16.
    q

    Variant spelling of

    ~'11 1S.
    q

    ~JJ
    q

    '

    CiJ

    ph1lm 1 N 1. bush. 2. grove of trees. C 3. elf. for 1. and 2.

    1tJ
    v

    '1

    ph1ludn~ajn~ajl

    plainly speaking; briefly

    speaking, in short.
    ~lil 'il'W'W,1611 tJ bblil n'W eJ ~

    b'11'W~JJ penphQm' to be bushy. q

    ph1ludlconmimlaajltf:Egf::>::>n'

    375 idiom., colloq. to spout forth, talk volubly.


    'I>

    b"t'H

    ently, to ramble.

    ~ lil "1

    phOudc~o/

    to talk continually, steadily,

    ~A 1~"1 ~ ~ phOud/m~jci:g/ cu
    --.syn. See

    com. to tell an untruth.

    freely.
    ~lil

    1n'Vin com.

    "11 phOudcaa/ V
    'IJ

    co 11 o q. to speak, talk.

    ~lil1~aJn phOud/m~j?:)og/ 'IJ


    speechless.
    ~lil~ ~ lil ~

    to be struck dumb,

    o ~lil"l1iil.:::;!il.1'W ph0udcaa/cha?chi'1an/ to speak

    distinct! y.

    J ph0udl5o/ to jest, kid, tease. J U

    o ~ lil "11 Vi u 1 'U 1 ~ 'W phOudcaa / jaabloon / to use


    'IJ

    '1 phOud/bojboj/ to say something withphOudl~n/

    vulgar or obscene language (often with humorous intent).


    ~ lil

    out addressing anybody in particular.


    b ~'W

    to speak playfully, to say in

    ~lil~'UiJ'U phOud/subsfb/ to whisper, to gossip;


    to talk in a low, whispering voice.
    ~lil

    fun, to jest.
    'd 1 phOud/wAa::::

    to say that.

    ~lilllilU~'d1'lJ
    ing.

    phOud/doojthOapaj/ generally speak-

    ~lil b 61 phOuds~e/ to talk evasively, avoid a subject.

    ~lil b ~Ulil~ phOud/sladsii/ to speak sarcastically.


    'IJ. ..,

    ~ lil D ~ phOud/thY1J:::: to talk about.


    'IJ

    ~lil'Vi'd'W
    I

    '1 phflud/hQanhOan/ to speak curtly.


    v

    ~lil 'IJ

    b'ii"'

    phOudthed/

    V eleg.

    1. to tell a lie; to

    ~lil'Vi'd 1'W~ JJ.J

    phOud/waanl:Som/ to cajole someone

    lie. 2. to be untrue, false. -.Also --.syn. 1. See 1nvm com.

    into doing or accepting something.


    ~lilJU 1 ~Fl
    'IJ

    s 1 'd '1

    phOud/jaa:ukhr~awkhdaw/

    roughly

    ~lill 'tl i 1"1~; 'IJ


    phone.
    "-;

    phOud/thoorasab/ to talk on the tele~lil


    ~

    speaking.
    .., 'I>

    J JJ.JFl JJ.J

    ph0ud/?~omkh5om/

    'IJ

    to speak evasively,

    ~ lil'W 1l Vi~ 1'W lil'U ph0ud/mimli'1j/fajdab/ V co 11 o q.

    to beat about the bush.


    Jl1'131-1~1il
    'IJ

    to chatter away, talk a blue streak, talk rapidly and profusely.

    phaas.!!.aphflud/ N 1. the spoken language.

    2. a colloquialism.

    ~lil'lJ;n'lJf1 phOud/pra.gpram/ to accuse, blame


    'IJ

    ~lil~lil hadphOud/ V to learn to speak.


    'IJ

    (verbally).

    ~'W

    phuun/ V 1. (the contents) to fill (the container) until heaping full. 2. to pile up, heap up (e.g. dirt). -.sometimes spelled
    ~~.

    ~A b'iJ'W phOudpen/ to be able to speak, know how 'IJ


    to talk.

    cu

    ~ lil bD'W ~ ew mn:.1

    pMud/ -pent:)VMV 1. co 11 o q.

    ~Jf1~'W
    'IJ

    ph~ogphuun/

    V to add up, accumulate,

    to chatter, jabber. 2. to be very talkative.

    pile up, increase gradually.


    b'WJ.J~'W ph~<'lmphuun/ V to increase, accrue, grow.
    'IJ
    I

    ~lil b'iJmi1 'IJ


    streak.

    phOud/penmiam/ co 11 o q. to talk a blue


    ~J.J

    in

    ~1f1~J.J

    pMagphuum/ V 1. to be proud. 2.

    ~lil ..
    ~ lil

    bD'WLl1 phOud/ ... penmiam/ colloq., to

    to be dignified, grand, majestic. -Also spelled


    Jl1AJlil,
    'IJ

    speak (e.g. English) fluently.


    b'iJ 'W 'd i S Fl bD 'W b 'd

    q.v.

    phOud/- penwag/penween/

    ~~.
    1::

    See

    ~'W.

    co 11 o q. to talk on and on, at great length.


    ~ lil b'lJ
    'IJ

    b~ See entries below.


    'YH b~ tMnphee/ co 11 o q. all {of it), the whole
    1::

    HI

    '1 phOud/pr<'l<'ljpr<'l<'lj/ to speak without

    addressing anyone in particular (often with sarcastic intent).


    I

    thing, in (its) entirety, in toto. -+Cf. 'tH'lJ 'd ~.


    ~'W

    J'

    b~ phyYnphee/ N the general background of

    ~ Abb'\J S ~
    'IJ
    I

    phQudpd:.n/ to speak with an accent.

    a person.
    b~FJ:::;

    ~ lil~~

    8U

    '1
    ~

    phOud/phl~jphl~V

    to speak without

    pheekha/ Pt eleg. def. w. sp. particle used at the end of statements addressed to royalty.
    I

    reflection, thoughtlessly.
    ~lil'W~

    1 ~Vi'd b ~

    1:::;~~

    1 ~ phOud/phlaa:u/-hUar:S?/:::;

    Paired with

    n S:::; ViJ.J l J.J m. s p.

    phlaan/ to talk while laughing, talk and laugh at the same time.
    'Wlil b~J phOudph~<'l/ to talk deliriously, incoher'IJ

    b~ ~ ph~:u/* V to stare, gaze, watch closely, direct

    one's attention to.


    b~ ~ 111
    'IJ

    ph~nduu/

    V to stare at, gaze at.

    bYH

    376

    "' ~ ph~uleu I b'1 ~ b~


    b'1'/.lllf~nlil

    V 1. to take aim. 2. to focus


    0

    he didn't come alone.


    i'n b'l'l S" 1::; 61 d tJ

    one's mind or attention on.


    (Fl'W)

    rag'phr:Ssuajl (he) loves (her)

    phedchakMad' (khon')
    a' .;

    N execu-

    because (she) is beautiful.

    tioner.
    .. q

    o
    ( U.Jlil)

    ln'~1:Wb'l'lS1::;'tJ'W fi'W~1:Wb'WS1::;bb~-1

    kajuaam 1 :::::

    b'1'/.1~, b'1'1.1~, b'1'1.1~


    d b F1 ~ il ~- -

    phed' (med')

    N diamond.
    b'1'1.1 ~

    phr:Skhl5n'-+ khonuaam'phr:Sttn' i Fowl are handsome because of their plumage; people are elegant because (of their) raiment. (A rhymed saying.)
    b'l'l S" 1::; !Q::;'W'W phr5chanan' Cj therefore. b'l'l ~ 1::; 'J 1 phr5w.1a' Cj because. b'l'l s- 1::; bvrml S phr5heed'rajl why, for what reason.
    9

    jewelry. ~The spelling

    is

    the one given in the 1950 ed. of the official monolingual Thai dictionary. The other spellings are found in older books.
    I

    a::

    '1.11 H '1'1.1~
    b'1'1.1~'161illl

    ( Fl'W) (

    cMauphect' (khon') N jeweler. phedphl:J:Jjl (mect') N jewels,


    b F1
    d
    ~

    "' b:W111)

    b'l'l s- 1::; bVi~ 1 1 phr5heed'w.1al Cj because, for

    precious stones (in general). elry.


    bb'Vl'J'W b'1'1.1~ ( 'J ~)

    il

    ~--

    jew-

    the reason that.


    b'l'l ~ 111 See entries below.

    wenphed' (wou') N diamond

    [l]::;g~'l'l~~ b'l'l~111 talYtJ'phryuphr~ad' elab. colloq.


    to be stupefied, stunned (with surprise, fright).

    ring.
    b'1'/.I~'U
    9

    s phed'buriil* pN
    a'

    Phetburi, (Petburi, Pecha-

    'l'l~111 b'1~111 phladphr~ad' V to stray, go astray,


    be parted and lost from (the group, the herd, etc.).

    buri) a township in S Thailand. Formerly pronounced phed'chaburii'.


    b'1 '1.1 ~ 'U Sl:JJ, phed' chabuunl* pN Phetchabun, a township
    'II

    b'l'lSll~ in

    '1 s- il :JH '1 "' HH

    phr5:Jmphriau' V 1. to be

    N Thailand.

    complete, ready, fully prepared. 2. to be unani~In

    "'1bJ! phen' N (the) full (moon). b'V


    ~
    a' "'

    compounds only.
    ~Also

    mous, harmonious, in harmony, in unison. sV 3. in unison, all at the same time.

    hl'WTIS" b'V1bJ! can'phen' N the full moon.

    'J'W b'V1bJ! wanphen' N day of the full moon.

    "'

    to be fully provided (with), fully equipped, furnished, loaded.


    b'l'l ~ tJ 'J phriaw' V to be slender, slim, streamlined.

    o A'W f'W bYibl! khyyn'wanphenl N night of the full moon.


    Q...l

    .,..a../

    o 'V1S"::;'1'WTIS"'J'Wb'1bJ! phracan'-wanphen' N the full moon.


    b'l'~1111'W pheedaan' N ceiling.

    b'1 ~ tJ 'J &1 :W phriawlom' V to be streamlined, slen-

    der, slim.
    b'l'l S" iJ in
    d
    I

    '1 s-"1 b'l'l S il phr.1mphr9a' sV 1. often, fre-

    b'11111'Wt.J1n pheedaan'paag' N palate,roofof

    quently, again and again. 2. excessively, luxuriously, extravagantly.


    b'l'l61 pheen' N sac e r. the time between 11. 00 A. M.

    the mouth.
    b'1'WtJ.:U~'W phennisilinl* N penicillin. [f. Eng.] b~'W~ 1'W

    ph~nph.1an1*

    V to rove, ramble. kham'phauphaajl (bOd')


    b'l'l&l ~

    and 12. 00 noon.


    ( b'l'l61 ~,'UTI) phleeu' (phleeu', bod')

    b'V1ll in F1"1i~ b'V1ll

    ('UTI)

    N song.
    ~

    b'1

    N saying . ..., in '1 ~:w b'1 n

    'l!'U b'\IH'l ~ khabphleeu' V to sing a song.

    phrimphraw'

    to be beautiful,

    bblll

    b'l'l61

    tE.:uphleeu' V to write a song.

    n--

    gay and beautiful.


    b9(1 S"1::;
    0)

    song writer, composer.


    TI"1'W iJ ~ b'l'l~ ~ thamn:J:JtJ'phleeu'
    ,}'

    phr;)? I
    v

    V tO be melodious, pleasing tO

    N melody, tune.

    the ear, beautiful (of sounds).


    b'1 n
    ::;9(1

    b'W il b'\'HH nyaphleeu I

    N words, text of a song.


    ;;~

    ~ 1 phr;)?lphriu' idem.
    I I

    'UTI b'IN~~

    ('UTI) bOdphleeu' (bod')

    song; the

    b'WS1::; lfl phr:J?I Cj 1. because. Pp2. because of.


    I

    text of a song.
    b'l'l~ i'l!'U phleeukhab' N song (for singing). b'1611 '111 ~ phleeuch.1ad' N national anthem. ..., b'l'l&l 'l b lll'W f1 phleeu'H'!nram' N dance music.

    o bblll b'tJ1l:wTI"1b'I.I'W'W'W b'V1S1::; b'tJ1:Wl111:w1Fl'W b111li'J


    tekhawm.1jtham'ch~nnan'~

    phr5khawmid.1j:::::

    maalkhondiaw'! but he didn't do that, because

    377
    ~

    l ~ ~ ~ :w l

    '1.1 phleeumaach', - maad' N march


    <T'

    l;llil'U l ~ ii1

    ( A'W)

    r6d' dabphl88tJ' (khan') N

    music. [ :WU'I.i f. Eng.)


    l 'l'H1 ~ 1 elf.1'1.1 phleeuw:S::Jls' N waltz music. [ 'd eHl'11
    f. Eng.]

    fire engine.
    LLJ~ 1 b~~ 1 1 ~ L~~ ~

    pleewphl88tJ' N e 1 eg. flame. waauphl88tJ' V e 1 e g. to commit arson.

    l ~~ H1 1M phleensuad' N hymn.

    V'l:WJII l ~~ 1 m:,::Jgphl88tJ' N nebula.

    l ~~ ~ ,;1 1 ~ phleeu'sawiu' N swing music. [ ,;1 1 ~


    f. Eng.]
    l ~ ~ ~ ,;1 1 n ~ phleeu 'saakon' N occidental music

    b~ ~ rl L~ ~ 'W phl~8dphl88n' V to be engrossed, absorbed

    (in), enraptured (by). Fl 1 1 :W- ment.

    pleasure, engross-

    (popular and classical).


    Jll~t'J'Wlill~ii1~

    L~~'W phl88n' V 1. to be oblivious. 2. to be en-

    ( lHH) ph.iabphajon'phleeu'

    grossed, absorbed (in something).

    -+See also

    (r1au') N eleg. musicalmotionpicture.


    ~

    b~~fil b~~'W above.


    o

    iJ ~ l ~ii1-l r:S::ltJphleeu' V to sing. (R:iiJt'J)


    d ( l ~ iJ 1) s~j'phleeu'(s!')j')

    ~1'WV'l'IT~~al~~'W

    ?aan'nausw'-phl88n' tobe

    <;1~1Jt'Jl~~~

    N chorus,

    engrossed in reading.
    L~~ t'J phlial V to be tired out, worn out. ' JJ'W l ~~t'J ?:,::lnphlia' V 1. to be weak, weakened.

    refrain.
    V'l'W H ~~ ~
    ~

    n.luphleeu' (r9au') N co 11 o q.

    musical motion picture.

    2. to be fatigued, exhausted. hlibphleeu' N 1.


    J(
    ~

    wu l ~~

    ""'

    .... d ( V'l~ ~, l A~ iJ ~ , iJ'W)


    Q./

    l YW t'J L~lJ ~ ~
    d

    ( [i] 'l )

    phlia' (tua')
    d
    ~

    N plant louse, aphid.

    piano (lau'). 2. organ (lau'). 3. accordion (short for f:l'U l 'l'lii1 ~'lln) (khryau'). 4. mouth

    in

    b~~ t'J ~~ii1l phltauphlam' V to make a

    wrong move, a mistake.


    l 'V1A ( l ~A)
    ph@edl (pMed')

    organ, harmonica (short for f:l'U l ~~nil n) (?an').

    N,C 1. sex

    (i.e. dis-

    tinctioninsex). 2. gram. gender.

    o fl'UlVI6HQJn
    o f:l"t.J l ~~ ~LJ 1n

    (lA!iJ~)

    hlibphleeu'cbag'

    l ~f'l'lllt'J ph~edchaajl N male sex; masculine

    (khr1au') N accordion.
    ( el'W) hlibphleeu'paag' (?an')
    d

    gender.

    b~f'IV'l~~ ph~edjitJ' M female sex; feminine gender.


    l 'l'l a'W ~ 1 :W b~ f'l
    '

    N mouth organ, harmonica.


    l'VIf;ll
    C9J

    ( A'W)

    ph9anrilampMed' (khon')

    pheelaa' N 1 it. 1. time. C 2. time, occa-->-S y n.


    l 1~ l

    friends of the same sex.


    b9fHJ ph~8' AA (not) yet, (not) as yet, (not) just now.
    d

    sion.
    l ~~ l b9fHll::::
    lJ
    C9J

    com.
    N axle, shaft.

    ( el'W) phlaw' (?an')

    -Syn.

    ~1

    d lJ, b'V'H.

    phl:S?I V to sew (the straight edges of two

    L'V'I a ph88' V 1. to be delirious, to rave in delirium.

    pieces of cloth) together.


    l~f.ll::::

    2. to speak incoherently, be raving (as though

    lJ

    in

    R'Wl:W6~S1l::::

    (lL'VH) san.lamphl:)?/

    in delirium).
    b~ J b 'l

    (hen')

    N trench.

    ph88C~8/

    to ramble, speak incoherently,

    l~~-l phl88tJ' N eleg. fire, conflagration. -->-Syn.

    without making much sense.


    l~l::::

    l'Vi

    com.
    ( lil1 ~) kh6bphl88tJ' (duau') N e 1 e g.

    ph:)?/ V 1. to plant (seeds). 2. to cultivate. 3. to germinate.

    A'U L~~ ~

    torch.
    l VO l VI~~ chyaphl88tJ'
    "-'

    l~l::::i.J6ln
    'U

    ph:S?pluug' V to cultivate (land; plants). cultivation.


    L'\11n blel'W ph~8gth:S::m' V to revoke, annul,
    ~

    N tech. fuel, combustible

    nl
    b'\11n
    C9J

    ~--

    o 'W'liJ'W LVaL~~~ namman'chyaphl88tJ' N fuel


    oil.

    substance. "-' "'

    in

    retract, withdraw, cancel.


    b'~n lJ

    in

    b~~~ b :;w
    Q

    ( l9l a, 119J) pM8gch88j'(t:,::J:::, ka:::)

    '

    Aan1;b'V'I~1
    ~'U b~~~ ~

    (Aan)

    d~ngrnaajphl88tJ' (d~::Jg')
    V eleg. to put out a fire.
    d

    V to ignore, neglect, pay no attention (to).

    N e 1 eg. fireworks. dabphl88tJ 1

    L'il1~ (V'l~~) ph88tJ' (lau') N lean-to.


    b'VI~ pMu'* AA 1. just, just now.

    2. (not) yet, (not) 2.


    ~~

    Fl'W-- fireman.

    -->-S y n. !i19J l

    'Vi

    com.

    just now. -Syn. 1.

    ~1

    lJ.

    lJ, b~a.

    '

    378

    L'W ~ li:::
    ..!

    ..!

    ph~uca:::

    AA just, just now.

    condition. 2. (a boat) to be loaded almost to the point of sinking.


    L~U'Ull'\J S:::

    L'W HJ 1 ~ L'U 1 pMujaau'khAw::: just about to enter, just entering .


    L'W:W
    ..!
    ph~~m'

    "'

    phtab'pr?1' (a boat) to be extremely

    V 1. to increase, add on.

    sV 2. in

    full, heavily loaded.


    L~t.J'UVlLJfl phtabnag' V to be in serious, critical

    addition.
    a.
    ~

    n 1 ~-- increase, increment.

    L~'W L'W:W'W LA~ u~nph~~m'phiseed' N special

    .....

    condition, in bad shape.


    El1 n 1 S L~ t.J'U ?aakaan'phtabl' N 1. serious, criti-

    auxiliary allowance for employees (in addition to the regular salary).


    1111 LYl:w5n dAj::: ... pM~m'-?lig' to get (such
    . ... I

    cal condition. V 2. to be in serious, critical condition.


    L'W U'U
    IJ.

    and such) in addition .


    ..! ..! .)' ..

    See

    ,f'~ i'U L'W t.J'U

    under 'W'U . 2. to

    L'WJ-J'U'W

    ph~~m'kh1TI' pM~mt~~m'

    to increase, be increased . V 1. to add, add to. 2. to

    L'Wu S phian' V 1. to persevere, stick to it.

    L'W:W LJ11:W

    be persevering, diligent, persistent, patient. fl 1 1 J.J- perseverance, persistence, patience. 2. to

    be added, added on to. sV 3. in addition, additional. o LLn1v L~:W L~:W and enlarge. o

    'W 1 fl L~t.J S phaagphianl' V 1. to persevere.

    ktekhi1jl'pM~mt~~m'

    V to revise
    d

    be persevering, persistent, patient. L'W El ph1a' Cj 1. in order to; for (the purpose of).
    d

    1;... L~J..J L~J..J


    I " I

    dAj::: ... ph~~mt~~m' to gain


    d

    Pp 2. for (the sake of).


    L'W Elli::: ph1aca:::
    d ...

    -+Dis t. 1. LB-1 El.

    more (such and such), get (such and such) in addition, get additional (such and such). o
    ..!

    in order to.

    L'W Elli::: 111l ( 1) ph1acadaj:::; ( 2) ph1acadaaj:::,

    L1i 1 :::'U EJ'W.1 LYl:w L~:Wan c~? 'b~::maam'- pM~m:::


    t~~ml'-? lig'

    -dAajl' 1. in order to, in order that, in order to get to (do something). 2. in order to get, obtain. o L'W EJ ~::: 1Vl1 til ph1aca::: ... Mjdaajl' in order to be able to.
    l 'WEJ'\J s::: Lt.J'd'W ( '(Je.J ~)
    d ..

    to drill additional wells. V to increase, accrue,

    L'W:W'W'W
    'II

    ph~~mphuunl'

    ...

    ...

    grow. Ltlf.J ~ phiau' only, only so much. combinations given below.


    I .,;

    -+Note special

    ph1aprajood'{kh3ou') for

    Lll11 L'WU
    "'

    tf:ephiau' nothing but, only, just.


    8

    the benefit {of).


    L'WEil1J'WLflt.JSJ11 ph1apenklad' asanhonor, in
    d
    _'i "'
    ~

    'H

    L'WU~'W

    "'

    thY1Jphiau'niil' to this extent, up to

    this level. L~U Hlfl phiaukhte' only as far as, only to the point of.
    d

    honor {of).
    L'VHJ L~'W EI'W ;;1
    9

    srn ph1a'pen?anus3on' 1. as a token

    ..

    (of), a reminder (of). 2. in memory {of), as a memorial (to). L'W eJ 1 1 ph1a'waa:::


    L'WEI LVl'Wblfl
    d
    v

    L~U~LI11 phiauctaV how, how much, to what extent,


    to what degree.
    d d

    in order that, so that. for the sake of.

    L~U~lll11 phiau'th::: only.


    o

    "'

    ph1ah~n'k::::

    1~ L~u ~ bl~

    majphiau't:e::: not only.


    d

    L'WElL Vl ph1a'M.j:::

    in order to, so that, for. (in

    L~U~'WEI,'WEIL~U~ phiauphoo', phoophiau' V to


    be enough, adequate, sufficient. quacy, sufficiency.
    L~t.J ~ 1
    8

    order) to allow.
    L'WEI'W (fi'W)

    n 1 ~-- ade-

    ph1an' {khon') -+Syn.

    N com. friend, com-

    panion.
    d

    lJJ11S eleg.,

    Lfl~e.J

    colloq.

    phiaurajl' how, how much, to what extent,

    n 1 1 L'W EI'W kwaaph1an' colloq. the most {thus

    to what degree.
    L'WU'W phian' V to differ slightly, be a little off,

    and so), the ... -est {of those being compared). -.comp. 'f];;it?l,
    I

    be slightly distorted.

    o ;;i'dt.Jfl11L'We.J'W suajl'kwaaph1an1' tobethemost beautiful one of all, more beautiful than any of the others.
    fl EI'W L'W e.l'W k;)onph1an' colloq. first, before
    d

    ~111 L~U'W phldphfanl' V to differ, deviate, be


    different.
    L~t.J'U
    C0

    phtabl' V 1. to be in serious or critical

    b'YHJI.J

    379

    bb'VfiW

    other things, before anyone else.


    b'iJI.J b~ iJI.J penph)}an/
    ~"

    1. to be friends. 2. as

    l~u; m~jphte/ no less than, not less than. o G1 'W l~Lb;bb~ suaj/-ma.jphte/mte/ no less
    tiful than (her) mother.

    beau-

    company, as a friend. o iJ ~ b1Jhl b'l'WI.J juu/penph)}an/ to keep (someone) company.


    b'VWI.J b fl61 iJ ph)}ankl;:>;:>/ N close friend, pal. b'\'l Eli.J b fl1 ph)}ankaw/ N old friend, former friend.
    d
    I I

    G11l~u;~El suuu/-m~jphte/pM::>/
    'II

    no shorter

    than (his) father.

    d d

    ..,

    tJ J:Wbb'V'i j::>::>mphte/ V 1. to surrender, give up,

    give in. 2. to surrender to, yield to.


    bb'V'i1 pheeu/ V to be expensive, high in price. -Ant. blfl
    "'.;y

    b'\'l iJ I.J Fll 'l ph)}an/kh11ucaj /


    'II

    N trusted friend,

    bosom friend.
    b'\'l iJI.J~~ ph)}an/kh(luhUu/ N intimate friend,
    d

    bb'V'i 1 "/Jhl pheen/kh)}n/ to become more expensive.


    ~

    bosom companion.
    b'\'l Eli.J 'ti 1 tJ ph)}anchaaj/ N male friend. b'\'liJI.J b 171hl'tl1
    d
    v

    bb'V'i 1171'\J pheeu/dab/ co 11 o q. to be extremely

    d
    d

    expensive.
    bb'V'i~ phtu/*N "civil," used in legal terms.

    ph)}an/d;:>8nthaau/ N travelling

    -Opp.

    companion; fellow traveller.


    b'\'l Jhl'U 11.J ph)}anba.an/ N neighbor.
    d "'

    eJ 1bll1 "criminal."
    ~

    fl:l:J'Vf:W1tJLb'\'l~

    (Q'\J'\J)

    kOdmaaj/pM:n/ !chabab/)_

    o '\JS:::: b'tlA b'\'liJI.J'U1hl prath~ed/ph)}anMan/ neighboring country. o


    d

    N civil law.
    bb'V'irJtJ (i.J1tJ,Flhl) phted/(naaj/,khon/)

    N eleg.

    b'l'liJ'W'U1hllfl~bFltJ~ ph)}anba.an/kl~jkhiau/ next


    door neighbor, immediate neighbors.

    "'

    ..,

    doctor, physician.

    fl1 S- -

    medicine (as a sub-

    ject of study, a scientific field); medical matters. -Syn. 'Vf:W1 com.


    o'

    b'\'liJI.JfH ph)}anfuuu/ N colloq. friends (collec-

    tively).
    b~iJI.J:WI.J't<J-tJ ph)}anmanud/ N fellow man.
    d
    I

    "'

    'lSStJ1bb'V'i'tltJ canjaa/phted/ N medicalethics.

    b'V'i iJI.J S 1 :W"/JI.J


    d
    I

    '

    ~lilbb'V'irJtJ

    (hl1tJ,Flhl)

    c'id/taphted/ (naaj/,khon/)

    ph)}an/rfl.amcha~n/

    N classmate.

    N tech. psychiatrist.
    'll'Wiilbb'V'i'tltJ (hl1tJ,Flhl) than/taphted/ (naaj/,khon/)
    "'~

    b'V1Eli.JS'd:-w'ti11il ph)}an/r(lamch~ad/ N fellow coun-

    tryman.
    d b'I~
    I

    N eleg. dentist.
    'Vf:W

    -Syn.

    bb'V'irltJ~I.J

    eleg.,

    EJU S 1 :W b'\'l A ph)}an/ r11amph~ed/ N friend of


    the same sex.
    I

    vi'W
    ..,

    c 0 m.
    ( hl 1 tJ, Fli.J) naajpMed/ (naaj/, khon/)

    hl 1 tJ bl'V'i'tltJ

    b'V1iJI.JJ'l:WlS~ bStJI.J ph)}an/rfl.amroourian/ N


    schoolmate.
    b'V'i eli.J b 61 'W
    d
    ~

    N eleg. (male) physician, doctor. -Syn .


    'Vf:Welr.JV1tJ com.
    'II

    ph)}anl~n/

    N playmate.

    o hl1tJbb'V'i'tltJ'Vfi'l!1

    (Flhl)

    naajphted/jiu/(khon/)

    b'V'iWWG11.Jtl ph)}ansanid/ N intimate friend. UVl

    N e 1 e g. woman physician, doctor.


    'Vf.WiJr.J'Vfi1J1 com.
    o'

    -s y n.

    (blVl,'Vf61~) phee/ N 1. raft


    boat (lau/).
    <'

    (phee/). 2. house-

    'II

    Lb'V'imJ11'l'ltJI.J

    bl'V'itJI.JiilS

    (bl'V'i,&(i) phee/jon/ (phee/,lam/)

    ' khon/)
    o'

    (hl1tJ,Flhl)
    <'

    phted/padcuban/ (naaj/,

    N e leg. modern doctor.


    ( Fli.J) phted/ -phaduu/khan' (khon/)

    ferryboat. L~ iJ bb'\'l rya/phee/ N colloq. watercraft, lit. boats and rafts, house-boats (coll. term).
    61 eJ l bl'V'i
    l~uphee/

    bb'V'i'tltJ f.J ~ 1 Fl S S Jl
    <'

    N e l e g. obstetrician.
    bb'l'l'YWA1G11i1S phtedsaad/ N medicine (as a subject

    V to transport, travel on a raft

    of study).
    bb'V'i'tltJ ~lil 1
    o'

    <'

    (downstream).
    bbYl phte/ V 1. to be defeated; to give in, lose.

    ( hl 1 tJ, Fli.J) phtedsad/ (naaj/, khon/)

    2.

    N e l e g. veterinarian.
    <'

    to be defeated by, beaten by.


    V11 tJ bb ~

    ~'V1bb'V'i'tllJ wichaa/phted' N medicine (as a sub-

    "'

    ..,..,

    ph~ajphte/

    V to be defeated, to lose.

    ject of study).
    if6Wbb'Vl'tltJ.- (hl1lJ,Fli.J)

    bb'l'l'tl eJ 1 phteth:S::>u/ V to have morning sickness

    sil.n/japhted/ (naaj/,khon')
    I
    ~

    (in pregnancy).

    N eleg. surgeon. -Syn. 'Vf:WiJW11i1171

    com.

    380

    6b'W ~ phn:e' N silk. U'W ~


    phr~e'

    1'W~~

    (1'W~~) phroou' (phroou')

    N hole, cavity.

    V to spread, disseminate, reveal.

    6~'W hn ~ penphroou' to be hollow. 1 'W"l ~ phloou' rM intensifier used with 'IJ 1 1 "white,"

    6t:.J EJ 66'1'1 ~ ph~djphr~e' V to propagate, popularize, spread out. U'W;i:i::::ilil

    phr~e'sapMd'
    phr~daajl

    ~:Wiil1 "open the eyes," "ln "burn." 9


    V eleg. to spread out, 1 'W; 6'W; phl6ophlee' N twilight, dusk. 61 '111 'W; 6'W~"-' weelaalphl6ophlee' N twilight time, dusk.

    be widespread, widely talked about.


    U'W~Vl~

    1EJ

    V to be popular, well-

    known, widespread. 66'1'1 s ~ 6b'W s ~


    0J

    l~

    ( 1'u, lll'.l, 6f1i\J) pM.j' N playing cards (bajl,

    phr~u'* C fork (of a road, path).


    I

    tua 1 for single cards; samrab' for decks of


    cards).

    tB

    in

    U'W S ~ 'W s 1 EJ phr~uphraajl* V 1. to dis-

    close, spread, reveal, make known. 2. to leak out, be made known (to). b6'Wfl
    ~

    nul~ tJll~
    l~rieJ~

    kinphtij' ('IJ1,FI'W)

    colloq. to win at cards. khaapM.jl (kh.la',khon') N

    phleeu' to be sprained.

    co 11 o q. card player. (lil1,6i'1i''U,L'U) phiijtoou' N 1. aThai

    'WRn 66'Wfl ~ phligphleeu' V 1. to change, alter, modify. 2. to make changes, alterations, modifications. 66'1'1::::
    'II

    card game (taa'). 2. the cards used in playing the game (s.lmrab', bajl).

    ( lll'd) pht?l (tua 1 ) N goat. ( lll'd) lOugph?1 (tua') N kid.

    1~1~
    1il

    (l'U)

    pMjfajl (bajl)

    N slang

    fraudulent

    flnL6'W::::

    vote or ballot.

    1 'Wn in 1 'Wn'0'1

    pMoghlia' V 1. to wear a turban.

    ~ ( 1 i)

    woupMj' (wou')

    N a circle of card

    2. to wrap a piece of cloth around one's head; to cover the head with a cloth.

    players. 6 ~hi l
    ~

    ~ l~npMj'

    V to play cards.

    1'W~'W1i phoouphaau' N 1. akindofweir. 2. a


    children's game. hlil in ;11hlil (rJ'n,

    1'W'Uf!tl phajbuun' V 1. to be abundant, plentiful. 2.


    'II

    to prosper.

    Fl 1 1 :W- -

    abundance, prosperity.

    6~1il)

    kM.awpMod1 N corn,

    'W s
    9

    ( 66 vr ~ ) ph raj' (heu') N lit. forest, jungle. N medicinal plant, herb. N commoners, low-class --Opp. t:.J~.
    'II

    i.e. maize (fag' for ears; med' for grains). -Also sometimes incorrectly ;1 1 1mf~. 1'WSphoo'*N pipal,bo. lil'W-(lil'W) pipaltree,

    61 :W'W l 'W S samun'phrajl

    l 'W s' ( FI'W) phr~jl


    D11l'V<~

    (khan')

    '-'

    people, vulgar people.

    bo tree (Ficus religiosa).

    (FI'W) baawphrtij' (khon')

    N elab.

    ;h\.

    See entries below. klaj'ph6on' far away.

    co 11 o q. servants.

    1 n ~ 1 ;hi

    lv~s\~'1

    phrtijlfaa' N people (of a country).

    1 ;h\'11:::: 661 ph6on'thalee' N overseas. 1'W'Wrl::::'W1 phoon'thanaa' V to accuse, blame, slander publicly. 1 'W EJ . See entries below.
    'IJ eJ1 mJ-'IJ 1.l hu kh~oth<Jod'kh~ophoojl V e lab.

    lt~ La 1:::: phajr5?1 V to be beautiful, sweet, pleasing

    (of something heard or read). ness, beauty. eJtJ 1 i-sounding manner. -Cf.

    FI11:W-- sweet-

    beautifully, in a sweetL'W S 1::::


    0J.

    1'W~
    0

    phltij' V to be contrary to, run counter to (expectations, intentions).


    I
    cV

    co 11 o q. to apologize. 66Q1'WEJ chcephooj' V colloq. to disclose, reveal (a secret). 1'WEJJlEJ phooj'phajl N danger.
    '

    6'l.l:wsl:weJeJn6~rH.Iil1"'tl"eJtJ1i6S1 bbril'W61

    lLJeJeJn 6~rH 6D'Wlll1"1il'' khameen 1 -miij?~ogsiau' tuathoo'- jaauraw 1 phajoom'jaan'


    tE:ephl~jpaj? ~ogs I au'- pen::::

    L'WEJ:W in

    '

    L'WEJ:WEJ1'W

    0 d (~1,6FIS1l~)

    tuatoo'l The Cambodians do not pronounce the letter "thoo" the way we do, but on the contrary they pronounce it "too."

    (lam', khr-9au')

    N e leg. aircraft.

    1 'W S n phr<Jog' V to be loose, not tightly packed. Vlfl d :w 1 'W s n li:iamphr<Jog'

    to be very loose, too

    1'I'Hi 161

    phajsaan' V e 1 e g. to be extensive, broad,

    large, very baggy (as of garments).

    vast.

    381
    v

    n 1 ~- -

    accusing; accusation. A'1-- ('Vel , 'lJ S::; n 1 S ,

    el tJ 11 ) charge, accusation. blel'W'I'Iel 1 th5onf:5otJ' V to withdraw a (legal} charge,

    '1'1 bo' LOW consonant. Pronounced f initially, b finally (or occ. f in recent loanwords). '1'1 n f6g'
    v

    withdraw (one's case) .

    ..,

    'rl eJ ~ S el 1 f:SotJr:So:g' V to sue, bring charges against.


    '

    ..,

    v to be bruised .
    f6gcham'damkhiaw' V elab.

    '1'1 el 1 'VIi-l'WLJ S::; d-J 1 'Yl f:SotJ'- mln'pramaadl V to sue for libel.
    I

    'l'lntl'l f6gcM.m' V to be bruised and swollen.

    'i'ln'cf1171'1b~tJ'J

    '1'1 el 1 'VIEJ 1 f:SotJjaa' V to sue for divorce .

    ..,
    v

    colloq. to be bruised black and blue.

    lJ n'1'1 el 1 j6gf:5otJ' V to dismiss a (legal) case.


    d

    '1'1'~ fratJ' C franc. [f.Fr.]

    tJ'W'I'Iel~
    IQl

    jJynf:btJ' V to bring a case to court.

    -<-' n friil V 1. to be free, not charged for. 2. to be


    free (from work, obligation). sV 3. free, without charge. Also3.

    'rl el fil

    f;)od', f~d' V to be foamy, spongy (esp. of

    rotten fruit).

    'l'l~'l

    [f.Eng.]

    b~'W'I'Iel ~'rlelfil penbotJ'f5d' to be very foamy, frothy


    (e.g. of waves; of rotting fruit). '1'1 el fil
    l.!J
    f~od'

    '1'161 A fltig' N 1. a fluke. V 2. to be a fluke, a lucky q chance. [f. Eng.]


    'l'le:Jn f;)og' V 1. to tan (hides).

    i mit. 1. the sound of kissing. C 2.

    2. to purify, cleanse,
    I

    elf. for a kiss.


    'rie:J'W f;)on' C sheaf, bundle (as of grass, hay, rice

    soap.
    ifn'We:Jn sagf;)og' V to launder, wash (with soap

    stalks).
    'rlel'W f:Son'
    v

    or detergent). o e.J ~ ifnorl El n ph~tJ' sagf5og' N detergent powder.

    N 1. dance (northern style). V 2. to

    dance in the northern style. '1'1 El'W f1 f:Sonram' V to dance (in any Thai style).

    'We:Jfl'VI'lJ~ f;)ogn<ltJ' v to tan hides.


    ning. o

    n 1 s-- tan-

    -c 0 m p.
    (

    b li1 'W f 'l

    1S ~ ~ 1 'W 'W eJ n'vltJ ~


    (rootJ')
    I

    1S ~ )

    rOOtJtJaan' f~ogn<ltJ I

    'riel 1m.i1 foomoosaa' pN Formosa. [f. Eng.] 6fl1::;'rlel1:J.J"l.i1 k:J?Ifoomoosaa' pN the Island of

    N tannery. footJ' (lQugl,footJ',j:,om')

    'riEl~

    (61fl,'WEJ~,'\WEJ:W)
    'IJ

    Formosa.
    'rlelS:W ('dlil) foom'(chtid'}
    q
    a'

    N 1. bubbles, foam. C eleg. 2. elf. for eggs.

    N uniform. [f.Eng.] N

    -s y n. 2. 1'U

    ''l n
    'IJ

    m.

    66'U'U'I'I fS :W

    ( 1'U,

    6b~'W)

    bhbfoom' (baj', phf:n')

    li1 wrl eJ 1 togfootJ' V lit., e leg. to lay eggs.

    a form (to be filled in, as an application form).


    Yfn
    IQl

    -Syn. See el Elfl 1 6~ com.


    6klilfl'WEJ ~ tsE:gfootJ' V to foam, become foamy,

    fag' V to hatch.

    Yfn l~ fagkhaj' V to hatch (eggs). Yfn l.!J


    (

    break into foam.

    ..,

    61 n , 1i1 'W) fag' (lOug', t~n')


    'IJ

    N vegetable of

    o 'Wo1611tJUiilfl'WEJ~ namlaaj'tf:E:gfootJ' colloq. to spout forth, talk volubly.


    6~'W'rl el

    the squash or melon family (general term).

    --Also

    ~w'l'W--.

    Yfn'Ylel~

    (61fl,l'U,e.J'l) fagthoo:g'(lCug',baj',pMn')
    'IJ

    ~ penfootJ' to be spumed, foamy.

    N pumpkin.
    Yf 1 fatJ' V 1. to listen.

    l'i1'W'Wel1'WEllil penbotJ'f5d' to be very foamy,

    2. to listen to.

    'l'Jn- -

    good

    frothy (e.g. of waves; of rotting fruit).


    V I
    ~

    listener.
    d
    ~

    e.J-- listener; audience.


    'IJ

    'l'lel 1'Wo1

    ( 61fl, 'riel~, 'VIlJ Eld-J, El'W) footJnaam' N 1.


    'IJ

    6 AS el ~'1'11 6 51 EJ 1
    d
    ~

    "'

    ( bASel~) khr)}atJ'fatJSiatJ' (khr)}a:g 1 )

    bubbles (lOug', footJ'); foam (j:Jom'). 2. sponge (?an'). 3. foam rubber (?an').
    '\1'1

    N a sound-detecting device.
    b ~ tJ'VI'rl ~ t~iahiiu/fatJ'
    'IJ

    to cock the ears, i.e. try

    el

    ~ ()1

    fl 1 f'l

    ( 'vJ eJ ~ , 61 fl ) foOtJ l?aaka.adl (foOt] 1, l11ugl)


    'IJ

    hard to listen.
    b Vel'l'l ~ d
    ~

    N air bubble. ' ' 'riEl 1 in 61 EltJ'Wel ~ bojf5t~'" V to float freely.


    'rl eJ ~ f:SotJ' V 1. to accuse, tell on. 2. to sue, prose-

    ch1afatJ' V to heed, pay attention to, obey. elab. colloq. 1. to

    l;uwl;Yf~ d.1jjin'd~jfatJ'
    ~ 1 Yf ~
    n.1afatJ I

    hear. 2. to have heard of. V to be pleasant to listen to, inter-

    cute, take to court. N 3. charge, accusation.

    382
    esting to listen to, beautiful (to hear). 'l'l ~ 'IJ'W fan'kh?n' V to sound reasonable, plausible.
    ~

    l ~'W~'W penfan' to be toothed, serrated. lU'WllQn, -.syn. lU'Wsln"],lU'W'l-'ltJn.

    -Dis t.

    J'

    ~iii! fan'duu' V to sound, seem, appear. 'IJ


    o ~Hill '1J fl n fan' duuplhg' to sound strange.
    'IJ .r

    lliJn~'W preenfan' V to brush the teeth. lltiS~~~'W (el'W) preen'siifan' (?an') N toothbrush.
    ll~rJlJ~'W (FI'W,'W1lJ)
    eleg. dentist. com.
    .r

    rl~ l rJA'W fanth@ed'

    to hear a sermon.

    phtedfan' (khon',naaJ') N

    ~~ l~~'W

    fan'm.1jkh?n' to sound unreasonable,

    -+Syn.

    rl'Wiilbl~'lllJ eleg.,Vl:WeJ~'W

    .r

    unbelievable, implausible.

    ~~ l~odtil fan'm~jchad'

    to be unclear, indistinct

    ~'Wtlfl eJ:W

    ( ~, 'iitil) q

    fanpb;)m' N false teeth. (sti'

    (of sounds); can't hear clearly.

    for individual teeth; chud' for a denture).

    ~~ l~l; fan'm.1jd~aJ'

    1. to sound awful, unpleas-

    ~'Wt:J fanphu?l N 1. tooth decay, dental caries. q


    2. decayed tooth. V 3. to have dental caries, decayed teeth.

    ant; can't bear to listen (to it). 2. to sound invalid, unreasonable. 'l'l ~ l:w 1lillJ'W fan'mfijd~jjin' can't hear {because of noise, etc.).
    Cl..'

    q_..A

    ~'W'I'l1 ~
    teeth.

    ( ~) fanfaan' (sti')

    N co 11 o q. tooth,

    ~i 61''\Hi'W fan'sabson' to sound confusing.

    ~'WVl;1 (~) fann~a'


    iJ ~~'W

    (sti')

    N front teeth.

    rr ~ vr1;Vl fanhiiu'wajhiiu'
    'IJ 'IJ

    i d i 0 m. to take {things

    lJ 1 ~~'W jaasiifan' N toothpaste, dentifrice. jinfan' V 1. to show one's teeth {by drawing

    one hears) with a grain of salt.

    rl~1 ;,ff~
    -Also

    fan'Mjs"YD' to listen with deep feeling.

    back the lips). 2. co 11 o q. to grin. 1 S~'W rajfan' N the teeth (as they are in the mouth).

    ~~off~.

    ~~ ( ... ) eHJn fan'( ... )?~;)g' to make (it) out,


    be able to understand (something spoken). o '0'~Jl1'l;f1eHJn fan'phaasaa'-?~;)g' to be able to understand a language (when spoken).
    I

    Vl:WeJ~'W ( FI'W)
    ~'W

    m5;)fan' (khon')
    .r

    N com. dentist. eleg.

    --Syn. ITWiilll'V'l'lllJ, ll'V'l'lllJ~'W


    l1

    fan' to slash, cut, chop, sever (with a sharpedged object).

    lmH1~'1'l~ m~jWncajlfan' to be inattentive.

    :!:;

    Q...l

    ~1~'W

    khfialfan' V tokill,slay.

    n1S--killing,

    ~ 11~~~

    wfia'mfijfan' to be disobedient, naughty,

    slaying, slaughter (of people).

    heedless of advice, warnings, commands.

    ~'W~1
    J.,

    fanfaa' V to struggle, fight against (obstaI


    ~

    8!il'U~ ~, 8iil'U Iii S'U~~ sadab'fan'. sadab'-trab'fan'


    V elab. eleg. to listen carefully.

    cles, danger). 'l'l'W


    {9)

    --Also

    W1'\'l'W.

    ffin' V to twist (together), roll {into cylindrical form).

    ~Iii fad' V 1. to wrestle, wrestle with. 2. co 11 o q.


    J.,

    to cuddle and kiss vigorously (as a parent does a small child). 'JIHJ'I'ltilVHll ww
    ~

    'l'l'W l VeJ n ffinch?ag' V to make a rope by twisting several strands of fibers together.
    J., ""

    ph;);)fad'ph;);)wlan'

    e lab.
    J.,

    'l'l'W l 'llCJ'W ffinthian' V to make a wax candle, roll wax into a candle. 'l'l'W
    J.,

    co 11 o q. to be about the same. colloq. rl'W


    Cil (

    __..Also ~ eJ~Iii

    ~) fan' (stil) N
    kadfan'

    ...,

    l1

    in 'l'l'W l ~ eJ'W ffinfyan' V to be out of one's mind.

    1. tooth, teeth. 2. barb

    cW'W fan' V to massage {the flesh) vigorously, squeeze (the flesh) hard. 'W 1 mf'W ntladfan' V to massage by kneading (the flesh) . fassfs', fadsfs' N Fascist. [f. Eng.] ..., 'l'l1 faa' N com. sky. -Syn. l'JVl'W lit., 'WJl1 lit., el eg . ..., n 611 ~'l'l1 klaanfaa' (in) the sky, (in) the middle of the sky . ..., 'iJ eJ'U'I'l1 kho;)bfaa' N com. horizon.

    (as of a fish trap).

    nmtw

    1. to gnash one's teeth. 2.

    co 11 o q. to grin and bear (it), be patient. ..., 'J~'W khtifan' N decaying food particles between the teeth.

    ~8il8iii"

    " ~ l 'iJ Iii ~'W


    'U

    khedfan' V to have one's teeth set on

    edge (as by the sight or taste of something sour).

    ~JJ~'W ctmfan' V to pick the teeth.

    iJ 1lii~'W puadfan' V to have a toothache.

    ->-S y n.

    383
    '/.Je.J'Uslns'J1tl eleg. .... .}" A HJ'\'J 1 A HJ ~'W khryrnfaa'khryrnfOn' V e 1 a b.
    .}"

    dawn, be dawning.

    1'\'J~1
    ..,

    fajfaa' N electricity.

    n 1 ~- - electricity;

    co 11 o q. to be very cloudy, look like rain.


    b ~ 1'\'J 1 ( eJ 'l A) cAawfaa', dwfaa' (?ou')

    electrical works; electrification.


    f1 :w'\'J 1 eJ 1 n 'l f'l lornfaal?aakaad' N weather, climate. {;1 'J

    "'

    N 1.

    prince of the highest rank, i.e. son of the king

    ~ H;J'W~1
    heaven .

    sawanlchanfaa' N e 1 e g. co 11 o q.

    b~'l'\'J1'V!b]'l

    ..,

    born by the queen. T 2. Prince --.

    ...

    (eJ'lA) c~wfaajitJ' (?ou')

    "'

    ..,

    N 1. prin-

    {;1 1 ti'\'J 1 , -- Lbf1'U saajfaat, saajlfaal~eb' N streak

    cess of the highest rank, i.e. daughter of the king born by the queen. T 2. Princess --.
    lil11il'l'l1 (bb'V!'l) daadfaa'(hu')
    '

    of lightning.

    ~.;1

    slifaa' N 1. sky-blue color. V 2. to be sky

    N deck(ofship
    9

    blue, light blue, pastel blue .

    .., ..,

    or building), (sun- )deck.

    ..,

    {;1111'V!iil1'\'J1 b'/.Jtl'J sudl~alfaakhlaw' eleg. colloq.

    ~'W'\'J 1 eJ 1 n 1 f'l dinfaal?aakaad' N weather, climate.

    very far away, beyond the horizon.


    '\'J 1 n

    'Yle.J 'l'\'J1 th:Soufaa' N the sky, the heavens .


    .-

    fa.ag' N split bamboo flooring. tog!Aag' V colloq. to be born: "drop

    'W 1 'l '\'J 1


    I I

    ( eJ 'l A) naaufaal (?ou')


    "-'

    N angel, fairy.

    P~n'\'J1n

    'W 'l iil :J..m:w'\'J 1 nOtJlom'hornfaa' V e 1 a b. co 11 o q.


    9

    to the floor."
    '\'J1n 11 ('\'J1n)

    to be naked, in the nude: "clothe oneself with wind and sky."


    'U'W'\'J1 bonfaa' in the sky.
    'Wiile:Jti'\'J1'Wiile.Jti~'W

    mag'

    (f~g')

    N side (of street,

    waterway); shore, bank (of waterway) .

    ..,

    o 'IJ 1 :w'\'J 1 n kha.arnfdag' to cross a street, a river, a channel. o Be.J'l'\'J1n'tl1'l s:Sou'ta.agthaau' (on) both sides of the street or path.
    '\'J 1 'l
    (

    "'

    phloojfaa'phbojfOn' idiom.

    to be included or mixed up with others without actual participation; along with others.

    1ow;~1 phr~jlfaa' ..,


    2. it thunders.

    N people (of a country) .

    n eJ 'l, ~ eJ'W, il111) faau' N straw, rice straw


    f~on'

    '\'J 1 A:::'W eJ 'l faa'khanoou' N e 1 e g. 1. thunder.

    (koou' for a heap; a bundle).

    for a sheaf; mad' for

    o 'W1ti'l'l1A:::'We.J 'l phaajU.?'-faa'khanoou' N 9

    n ~ ::; 1111 ~'\'J 1 'l kradaadfaau' N an absorbent straw

    .., ..,

    thunderstorm .

    paper made by the Chinese, used chiefly as toilet paper .


    V!:W'Jn'\'J1'l 'l'l1'l 11 (1'U)

    '\'J 1 Ao1 ~'W faa'khamron' 1 it., e 1 eg. it thunders. '\'J 1 ~'W faa'din' "heaven and earth," as in the
    .., o ~'W'\'J 1 ~'IJ{;j iil1 tJ confaa'dinsalaajl until the end

    muagfaau' (bajl)

    N straw hat.

    following entries .

    in

    ~'W'\'J1i (~)

    fanfaau' (sti') N colloq.

    tooth, teeth.
    '\'J 1 'l ~

    of the world.
    J.,
    v
    4

    in li11'\'J 1 'l

    taa'faau' V to have blurred

    o 'li'J'\'J1111'W{;1f11tl chO.afaaldinsalaajl forever,


    J., ..,
    4

    vision, see indistinctly (e.g. because of glare, old age).


    I I

    till doomsday. -Also


    "-' I

    'li'J'\'J1111'W '\'J 1 i

    1;

    '\'J1r:.J1
    .., ..,

    (An)
    1;

    (1)faa'phaa'; (2)faaphaa' 1. light-

    in

    'IJ 1 'J'\'J 1 i kh~awta.au' N millet.

    ning to strike. N 2. thunderbolt (khrau') .


    '\'J 'l HH
    .., J.,

    '\'J 1111 fa.ad' V 1. to strike, slap, hit hard (with the

    ( fl ~ 'l ) (1) faa'r5ou'; (2) faar5ou' 1. to

    side of a long object). 2. slang to eat up, stash (all the food) away (by eating) . .., '\'J1111'/.Je.J(rl'U) fdadkh~o'(ka::::) V slang toargue, fight (with).
    I

    thunder; it thunders. N 2. thunder (khrau').


    '\'J 1 iil 'W (1) faa'la.n'; (2) faala.n'
    1. to thunder; it

    ..,

    thunders. N 2. thunder; a thunderclap .

    '\'J1bbf1'U (1) faa'l~eb'; (2) faal~eb' 1. lightning to

    '\'J1:W f.1am' V to be dry and mealy (as of oranges

    flash. N 2. lightning; a flash of lightning.


    d ..,

    or apples that have been kept too long, and have lost their crisp, juicy texture) .
    .r
    I

    o tJs:::'V!'W'l'\'J1blf1'U

    pranY!J'faal~eb'

    like a flash

    .., of lightning .
    '\'J1{;11'l (1) faa'saau'. faasil.au' to be dawn; day to

    '\'J 1 ~ :w ( bb Vl 'l )

    faam' (hen')

    N farm. [f. Eng.]

    '\'J 1 b ~'W 1 ;; faarenMjl N Fahrenheit. [f. Eur.]

    384
    .w~ in rJ1rum'W~ "1 thamcamuug/ffdffd/ to go
    'II

    2. to be puffed up with pride, conceited. 'l'llil fUd/ C the English foot (unit of linear measure) .

    "sniff, sniff," to sniffle (as because of a cold). 'Wll!

    ffd/, ffid/ C the English foot (unit of linear measure). [f. Eng.] -+Also more commomly'l'llil .

    [f. Eng.] -+Also Yliii ..., 'i:l'J'l'llil niwfud/ C inch (in the English system).

    'Wll! 1!1 ffd/ V 1. to fix, adjust, fit. 2. to be fit.


    I

    ..., -+See 'i:l'J.


    ( Ln:W)

    fl'J1:W-- fitness.
    t-

    't11~--

    mechanic. [f.Eng.fit]

    'l'llii'Ua~~

    'Wm.H ffd/p~tJ/ V colloq. 1. to be in top shape, tiptop condition. 2. to fit very tight. 'Wlll S 1:1 ffdr6d/ to fix a car, repair a car.

    fudbon/, fudbool (keem/) N 1. soccer, G'ln-- (seebelow).'!:in--

    football. 2. shortfor soccer player. [f. Eng.]


    1

    "'

    'W'Wll~lJ~r finleen/ pN Finland. [f. Eng.] fl~r:W fiim/ N film, esp. photographic film.

    n 1 Sll 'll ~ V'W'l'llii'U a~~ kaan/- kheukhiin/fudbon/ N 9 soccer game.


    r

    [f. Eng.]

    G'ln'l'llii'Uel~G'l
    'II
    9

    ( ~n)
    'II

    lOugfUdbon/ (lt1ug/)

    N soccer

    fl~:;':w~1!:1S't.J (~'JlJ,ll~lJ)

    "' tographic film

    fiim/th8.ajr0ub/ N pho-

    ball. 'l'llil't.J1Siil,'l'llil'l.J1l1 fudpaad/ N footpath, sidewalk. 9


    [f. Eng.]

    (muan/ a roll; phf:n/ a sheet).

    ;1~~~--:W

    laaufiim/ V to develop or process a

    photographic film.

    'l'l'U fUb/ V to collapse, fall face down. [f. Eng.]

    'W~'t.J1Jw;i' filibpin/, filfbpin/ pN the Philippines. 'W'J ~-- fiw/ N fuse. [f. Eng.]

    ~:W l~el!:J
    9

    ft1mfyaj/ V to be extravagant, luxurious.


    I

    fl'J1:W--

    extravagance, luxuriousness,

    au1~--

    'W~n~"', 'W~fl~r ffslg/ N physics. [f. Eng.] 1tr1'W~n~"' wfchaa/ffslg/ N physics, physics
    course.

    extravagantly, lavishly. 'l'l fuu/ V to rise (as bread), become fluffy.


    'II

    $lJ'l'l fyYnfuu/ V to restore, rehabilitate, revive. N firewood.


    "'

    ~lJ ( ~lJ , l1 alJ) fyyn/ (dQn/, tM::m/)

    "-'

    1n s fi l ~lJ~lJ l ~lJ l 'l'l


    l~~lJ

    l~a~'l'l 'II
    'II

    'II

    f9aufuu/ V to be prosperous, to progress. taug/ (lQug/, ?an/) N co 11 o q. mat-

    krood/ -penfyyn/penfaj/

    'l'l n ( ~ n , ellJ) tress.

    idiom. to be furiously angry, burn with rage. ( ;lJ, ~alJ) majfyyn/ (dQn/,

    th~:m/)

    "' l 'l'llJ
    l 'l'l'W

    firewood. $lJ fyY!l/ V to recover, revive, bring back, restore. in$lJ phagfyYn/ V to be in convalescence. 'iflJ

    fen/* V to choose, select critically . "' l~an l'l'l'W 11agfen/ V to choose, select critically.
    1!1

    fen/* V to massage (the flesh) by kneading.


    <U

    -+Chiefly in the following compound. lJ 'J A l 'l'l'W nQadfen/ V to massage (the flesh) by kneading. l 'l'l a f88/ V to be in excess.

    1; tyynkh~j/

    V to recover, recuperate.

    $lJF1 'J 1:W(1 tyYn/khwaamcam/ V to recall; to refresh one's memory. $'\JA'W tyyndin/ V to turn over the soil. $'Wi'J fyYntua/ V to recover, improve, take a turn for the better. $'W'l'l fyYnfuu/ V to rehabilitate, revive, restore.
    'II

    n 1 s- -

    overabundance,

    oversupply, excess, inflation (of currency) vanity; inflation (of currency) . ..., l1 a~ l 'l'l a th5ouf88/ v 1. to suffer from flatulence, excess gas in the stomach. N 2. flatulence. " 'VH l 'l'l a f(q]f88/ V 1. to be extravagant, lavish. 9 2. to be puffed up with pride, conceited. l 'l'l a s"'ill i>j as"' ( ~lJ)
    [f. Eng.]
    fl 'J 1:W--

    n 1 S - -revival, restoration. fa$'\J ryyfyYn/ V to revive, bring back.

    "' 'l'l ~ f(q]/ V to spread in the air, be wafted; to diffuse. q ...,


    'l'l ~ n s::; i>j 1 [I fuu/kracaaj/
    t
    I

    f88nic~8/

    (chin/)

    N furniture.

    to diffuse.

    'l'l~"1f1'W f(q]s~an/

    V 1. (one's mind or thoughts)

    l Yl'W ( lii'W) f88n/ (tl'ln/) lcWa in

    N fern. [f. Eng.]

    to wander, be jumbled. sV 2. incoherently, in jumbled fashion. o AA'l'l~'lf1'W khfct/fuus~an/ to think incoherently,


    q,
    I

    lVI~eJ l~el lyafya/ V 1. to be more than


    I

    enough, plentiful. sV 2. more than enough, plentifully. --Also 2. eltJ 1 ~-- . l$el in

    thoughts to be jumbled . .., (one's) ..., 'l'l ~ l 'l'l a f(q]f88/ v 1. to be extravagant, lavish.

    l~ell$el

    ?1afya/ V to be generous (to),

    to help, support (with kindness) .

    385

    ~"1J1~ 11'1'1
    erous.

    kh.ianaam'kh.iafaj' N cost of utilities

    (i.e. water and electricity).


    d
    I

    o l eJ eJ l Y1 eJ l t:J eJ LLt:J ?~atya'phyaphE:e' e 1 a b. to be


    generous, liberal; to be generous (to). l Y1 eJ ~ fya:u' N 1. (screw) thread. 2. cog.

    J'

    Lfi:Wl'W (lii'H) khoomfaj' (dua:u') N lamp, lantern.

    ' ~1 ~ 1 '1'1 ( ~1 1)

    '11i11 '1'1 cudfaj/ v to kindle, light a fire.


    cM:ufaj/

    (ch~:u')

    N space between

    L~el~
    b~eH

    in

    b~eJ~'W 'IJ

    9a:ufuu' V to be prosperous, to
    ~ I "' b"1Hl!,~~b~el~.

    letters or words.

    progress. --+Syn.

    l~1 1'1'1

    chyafaj' N fuel, kindling.

    tya:u' C bit (a former monetary unit, twelve and a half satangs).

    hfli11l '1'1 soodaafaj/ N co 11 o q. caustic soda.


    [soodaa f. Eng.)
    lil':H l

    l Y1 eJ'iJ in yt''W bY1 el'W


    mind.

    f.1nfyan/ V to be out of one's

    '1'1 ( li1 'J ~) dua:ufaj/ (dua:u') N 1. ball offire.

    2. a distant light or fire.

    l Y1 eJ tJ in ~:W L Y1 eJ tJ
    luxurious.

    '

    fllmfyaj/ V to extravagant,

    li1 1 nl;l '1'1 ( li1 eJ n) d:,;Jgmaajfaj' (d:,;Jg') N com.


    fireworks. --+Syn.

    lileJnl;t'W~~

    eleg.

    L~eJtJ

    fyaj/ rM intens. usedwith


    'IJ " "

    tJ1'J "long."

    rl'U l 'W dabfaj/ V com. 1. to put out a fire. 2.


    toturnoffthelights.
    2.

    LL'W ~ ( ~n) fee:u' (laug') N vegetable marrow, a


    kind of squash.

    -+Also 1. vl'Ul'W~~

    eleg.

    lil'W-- ( lil'W) the plant. --+Cf.

    Dli11'1'1.
    din'--naam'--lom'-faj' the four

    ~n .
    .!_,

    A'WJ1~:wl'Y1
    ;'W1'1'1

    Lb'W'd'W fee'cMn' N fashion. [f. Eng.) Lb'V1'W feen' N 1. co 11 o q. fan, devotee, admirer.
    2. s 1 an g
    I

    elements: earth, water, wind, and fire.

    (LL~~) t~nfaj/

    {he:u') N com. the source

    girl friend, boy friend. [f. Eng.]


    Lbfl

    of a fire.
    ~ li11 '1'1 tldfaj/ V 1. to light a fire. 2. to be in-

    -+Also, as a hypercorrection,

    'J'W.

    Lb'W'W in LL'W'WbL'W'W ntnften' V to be firm, steady,


    secure. sV 2. firmly, securely. firmly, securely, tightly. fW 1 ~-

    flammable.
    b IJI11 '1'1

    ( bIJI1 ) tawfaj/ (taw') N stove (for cooking).

    'Yl'W l '1'1 thonfaj I V 1. to be fireproof, fire resistant,


    heat resistant. 2. to withstand fire, endure fire .or heat.

    Lb'W'W'U (1) feensii'; (2) feensti' N 1. costume (as


    for a ball), fancy dress. V 2. to be fancy. [f. Eng.]

    'lh :-; n 1 tJ l '1'1 prakaajfaj/ N spark.

    LL'l'1'U fteb' V to be deflated, flat (as a tire). LL;:W ( el'W, bb;:W) ftem' (?an', ftem')
    binder.
    bb'W~

    'lJ~eJ~l'V1 (LI~1~)
    smokestack.

    pl:,:ufaj/ (pl:,:u')

    N chimney,

    N folder, file,

    Drill'Y1 pldfaj/ V to turn out the lights, turn off


    the lights, the electricity. -Also rl'U l'W.
    t Drill '1'1

    fee' V colloq. to be fair (i.e. just). [f. Eng.]

    -Opp.

    l~LL'Y1~.. m~jfee'l

    LL'Y1!;1eU!;1:W ftessfs' N fascism. [f. Eng.) 1'1'1 faj/ N com. 1. fire. 2. light. --Syn. 1. L'W~~
    eleg.

    It's not fair!

    L'lJ "nl '1'1 pleewfaj/ N flame.


    bDrill '1'1 p8<=!dfaj' V to turn on the lights, the

    electricity. --Opp. Dril1'1'1.

    n ~ :-; '[ "1 :w 1 '1'1 ( Lb'VI ~ , m1 ~) kracoom'faj/ (he:u', Li:u')

    L10.111 '1'1 pMwfaj' V to burn.

    n 1 '1'1 k:,;Jfaj'
    eJ

    N lighthouse. --Also n ~ :-; L"1 :W 1 '1'1

    owmf11'VI~1'1'1!il'U
    'IJ

    phfiud'-namlaj'fajdab' V colloq.

    v to start a fire, build a fire.

    to chatter away, talk a blue streak, talk rapidly and profusely.

    01~1'1'1

    (011) b;J:ufaj' (b;J:U') N bonfire.

    '[ n H L .J'W.W'W LU'W 1 'W krood' -penfyyn'penfaj/ idiom.


    to be furiously angry, to burn with rage.

    l ~l '1'1 ( 1'U) pMjfaj' (baj/) N s 1 an g fraudulent


    vote or ballot.

    L;1l;L;11'1'1 kMwt.iaj'kMwfaj' V elab.


    co 11 o q. to be getting dark, be twilight.
    fl

    1'1'1~M 1tJ ( lil'd 1, el'W, n ~ :o'UeJn) fajchaaj' (dua:u', ?an',


    krab:,;Jg') N flashlight, searchlight, spotlight.

    i'W1 '1'1 khwanfaj/ N smoke.

    l'WLLVn fajchtg' N colloq. (cigarette) lighter.

    386

    mHJ1
    (klag', for a box of matches; ktian', for individual matches, matchsticks).

    1~;1tJ ( ~ 1 ~) 1~~1 fajpaa/ 1~;1 fajfaa'

    fajtMajl (dua:u')
    N forest fire.

    N taillight.

    N electricity. n 1 S- '

    electricity; b fl S 8 ~ - d

    S 611 ~

    ( 'IJ'U 'J'W)

    r6dfajl (khabuan') ( 611)

    N train.

    electrical works; electrification. electrical appliances. V1 ~--

    b~ 81 ~ b~ 8 n ~ 1 ~

    ryafaj', rya'konfaj' (lam')

    electrician.

    N steamboat, steamship, steamer.

    o n s ~ LL~ 1 ~; 1 krasee'fajfaa' N electric current. o

    1n n~

    (1n, bb~~)
    'U

    roo:uslifaj' (roo:u'. he:u') N

    no1~~ 1~;1.
    ~

    kamla:u'fajfaa' N electric power.


    ~

    steam-operated rice mill. G'l'W 1~ lonfaj" V to singe, heat over a flame.


    ~ n1 ~
    'U

    o 'IJ11~~1

    ('IJ'J)

    khQa/fajfaa/ (kh0a')

    N elec-

    trode, terminal. o

    ( ~ n ) lQugfaj' (lCug') N sparks, ignited

    Lfl18~no1L'i11il1'l'l;1
    fajfaa' (khrya:u')
    v

    bfl!8~) khrya:ukamn~8d 1 ::::

    or fiery particles thrown up in the air.


    111~ wajfaj" V 1. to be inflammable. 2. slang

    N electric generator. dua:ufajfaa' (dua:u') N elec-

    o WH1~~1 tric light. o

    (lil'J~)

    to be quick.

    ~ 8 ~ 1 ~ s~:ufajl
    ( bfil1) tawrtid'fajfaa' (taw')

    V to throw a light, throw some

    bfil1flil1~;1

    light (i.e., cause a light to be thrown in order to illuminate something). -+Dis t.


    ~ 8 ~ LL~ ~

    N electric iron. o

    '

    "to

    tls~'11~;1 ('lJS~'l

    ' cu?t, tua')


    thaa:u'

    ' electric

    ,rl'l) pracu?/fajfaa' (pra::::

    shine, emit light."

    charge. fajfaa'd88n::::

    LL~ ~ 1'\'l se:ufaj' N 1. light. 2. firelight.


    VI;81 'l'l ( VI:W 8)

    1~;1b~'Wil1~ (nS::;'UeJn,lil'J~)
    (krab~;:,g',

    m~;:,faj'

    (m;'\;:,1)

    N 1. a meter for

    dua:u') N flashlight. r6draa:u 1 fajfaa' (khan')

    recording the consumption of electricity. 2. a storage battery.


    Vl~eJiil1~

    o s !;1 s 1 ~ 1 ~;1 ( A'W) N streetcar, tram. o

    (V16181il) l~;:,dfaj" (l~;:,d') N light bulb. (;8'W) hln'legfaj'

    1s ~ 1 ~;1 ( 1S ~)

    roo:u'fajfaa' (roo:u')

    Vi'IH VI~ n 1 ~

    (k~;:,n')

    N flint rock.

    electric power plant. o 61 'llil 1~;1 ( L;'W, '/Jiil) lQad'fajfaa' (sln', khod')

    1VI:W 1 ~
    'U

    hoomfaj' V to coax a fire (as by fanning,

    adding fuel). eJ ~1 'l'l juufaj' V to lie by a fireplace after childbirth (a Thai custom).

    N electric wire.

    ~1tJ1'l'l;1 (~1tJ,
    o

    b;'W) saajfajfaa' (saajl,s@n')

    N 1. electric wire. 2. power line.

    b~11'l'l;1
    'fHl81i11~;1

    b~1)

    saw'fajfaa 1 (saw') N lamp


    Jl

    post; utility pole, power pole. o (rHl81il)

    l~;:,d'fajfaa'

    (1:-,;:,d')

    N
    Jl ph;:,;:,/ LOW consonant. Pronounced ph initially,

    electric light bulb. 1 ~ i'n fajrag' N fire, flame of love (i.e. love which bums intensely like a fire).

    b finally. The sound ph as an initial low consonant is more commonly written with
    Jl'll ph6b1 'll.

    1~611:W~~ '

    fajllaamthCtJ' "the fire spreads over


    .

    N 1 it., e 1 e g. world, earth, ground. cagk(r)aph6b' N e leg. empire. phajan'taraaj' N e 1 e g. dangers (of all -+See also Jlt'J el'Wfil S1t'J, Jlt'J, el'WI11 S1 t'J. N e 1 eg.

    the field," a simile used to describe any chain of events which spreads rapidly. 1'l'l61bl!bl!1'W (lil'J~) fajlsanjaan' (dua:u') light. N signal

    ~n

    s Jl'll

    mJ'W fil s 1 tJ
    Jl S S t'J 1

    kinds).

    ( fl'W) phanjaa', phanrajaa' (khon')

    1~~ fajsli' N colored light.

    wife. N headlight (of

    --s y n.

    "' tJ c o m. b:W

    1~VI~1

    ( lil'J

    ~)

    fajntta' (dua:u')

    JlSStJ1'WelrJ

    (fl'W) phanrajaa'n5;:,j" (khon') N eleg.

    a car). 1 ~1 VI~ fajmtijl N 1. a fire, a conflagration. V 2. to be on fire, catch fire.

    minor wife; second, third, or other additional wife. --Syn.


    '

    LJJU'WelrJ com. saamii'phanrajaa',


    'U

    ~1JJJ1SSU1 JlSSt'J1~1JJ (~)

    1~~1il1~

    (nin,;1'W)majkhlidfaj" N match

    phanrajaa'saamii' (khOu') N el eg. married

    387

    Jl1 Fl

    @)

    couple; husband and wife. NOTE. When Jl S S EJ 1 is placed first it is for the poetic effect of the close rhyme between =jaa and sila=. -Syn.

    tJ i;l eJ 171Jlt.J pl~Jdphaj/


    Fl 'd 1 JJ- b'iJ'lJJlEJ

    V to be safe, out of danger.

    security, safety.

    penphaj/ V to be dangerous, harmful,

    ~'J biJ EJ c o m.
    Jl S 1171 SJl1'W pharaa/dJraph~ab/

    perilous. N e leg. brotherr.J "16\IJlt.J

    phacon/phaj/ V to encounter danger, face


    ~

    hood, fraternity (as in liberty, equality and fraternity).


    JlSEJ1 (Fl'W)

    danger. 'W n--

    adventurer.

    L'Wunu

    phooj/phaj/ N danger. phaj/thaan?aakaad/ N dangerfrom

    pMrfjaa/ (khon/) N eleg.,lit. wife.

    Jlt.J't11HJ1n1ri

    -Lit. equiv. of JlSHJ1.

    an air attack.

    Jl'J~Fl phawa:g/ N eleg. inattentive, absent, oblivious state of mind.


    <V

    JlEJ6SS:WV1~ phaj/thammacMad/ N danger, disaster caused by the elements, by nature.

    Jln 171, ~ ~ s n-- ( lil eJ)

    Q..l

    pMgdii/,

    connig/pMgdii/(t~J=)

    Jl'uY10'~ phaj/phfb.3.d/ N e leg. catastrophe, disaster, peril.


    JlUeJ'WiilS1U

    V to be loyal, faithful (to).

    61'J1:i'lnn~(lileJ) sawaa/mfpMg/(t~J=) V eleg.


    1. to surrender, yield, submit oneself (to),

    o'

    phaj/?antaraaj/ N elab. danger,


    ~ ~

    peril.

    -Seealso JlEJ'WiilS1U,eJ'WiilS1U.
    ( eJ ~ 1 -1 ,

    submit itself (to) (as a weaker country or king to a powerful neighbor). 2. to be loyal and submissive.
    - JlbiJ,'Yl =phan/

    1SA JlUl; b ~ 'U


    d
    ~

    viJ 171)

    relogphaj/kMjceb/

    (jaan/, chanfd/)

    N e 1 a b. disease, sickness. to risk, take a risk. li:irri/lobphaj/ (hen/, li:im')

    b61UiJlU slanphaj/ V Vli;l:WV!fl'UJlEJ


    9 9

    N tech. bound stem meaning "equip-

    ( bb'Vl~, Vlfl:W)

    ment, implement(s), paraphernalia." -co mp.


    b Fl S eJ bAilJlbiJ,'Yl
    d
    ~

    N air- raid shelter.


    Jl1 Fl 6J
    ( Jl1 Fl)

    com.
    I

    pMag/

    (ph~ag')

    N 1. part, section;

    o'

    ( eJEJ 1-1, VtJ171)

    kheemii/phan/ (jaan/,

    region (i.e. a large geographical area of a country). 2. region (an administrative unit). 3. term, semester (of school). C 4. elf. for parts, sections, regions, semesters. -c om p.

    chanfd/) N chemicals.
    r.J

    ~ lil JlbiJ,'Yl... ( ~ -1 ,
    (sln/, jaan/)

    eJ 011) phalld/phan/, phlld/phan/

    ...

    N product .

    ~ 'd 'lJ , 11n'tf.

    '1'16 JlbiJ,'Yl jud/thaphan/ N military equipment,

    NOTE. Thailand is divided into nine administrative regions called


    Jl1 Fl These are further 8"1 bJl eJ , and lilo1'U fl

    implements of war.
    b 'd VJlUJ,'Yl ( eJ u' 11)

    w~ed/chaphan/

    (jaan/)

    N rued-

    subdivided into

    sl ~ Vl11i1 ,

    ical supplies.
    Jllillil-.

    For most practical purposes the chief subdivision of the country is said to be the
    v

    Bound form meaning "food, rice."


    ns::::'t1"1Jllilliln"l kratham/phcidtakld/

    ~hangwat.

    -see

    Jllillilfl~ in

    eleg. sacer. to eat.


    Jllillil1Fl1S

    -Syn. See n'!J com.

    't1Vl1 s Jl1 Fl~'!J ~'!J thahaan/pMagphjyndin/ N m i 1 it.

    (Vli-'l,n'W,bb'Vl~) phcidtaakhaan/ (Ian/,


    'U

    ground forces.
    r.J d 1 s 1 vn 1 s Jl1 Fl
    kaan/ph~ag/

    nian/,hen/) N eleg. (large)restaurant. "" -comp. S1'WeJ1Vl1S com.


    ~

    ( 'W 1 EJ, Fl'!J) phOu'w~adadcha=

    (naaj/, khon')

    N regional governor,

    Jllillil1Vl1 s phadtaa/haan/ N sac e r. food. eJ1Vl1S com.


    I

    -syn.

    governor of a Jl1 fl
    Jl1 Fl n 1;11 ~ ph~agklaan /

    N 1. the central part (of

    JlU

    (eJEJ1~,tls::::n1S)

    phaj/ (jaan/,prakaan/)
    ~

    a country, a geographical area). 2. (as n. mod.) central. o EJ 1St!Jl1 Fl n fl11 juroob'ph~agklaan/ Central 9 Europe.
    Jl1 AL;

    danger,peril. -Syn.
    ~

    eJ'WiilS1U.

    -Seealso

    JlUeJ'WiilS1U,JlEJ'WiilS1U.
    d
    ~

    'tl'Vli;l'U Jl

    u ( '1'1 , bb Vl1 )

    thti/lobphaV (thti/, hen/) N

    shelter (from danger).

    ph~agt~aj/

    N 1. the south, the southern

    tJ S::::

    n 'WJlU prakan/phaj/

    N 1. insurance. V 2.

    part (of the country). 2. (as n. mod.) southern.


    Jl1 Fl 'flbiJ,'Yl ph1iagthan/ V e 1 e g. to put on probation.

    to insure (against loss or damage).

    Jl1A

    iQl

    388
    v

    ~fl Jl1

    FJ 'llbiJ.'fl thuug'phllagthan' e 1 e g. to be on

    picture (in one's mind).


    Jl1'W'/J 1 'J phllabkhaaw' N e leg. news pictures. Jl1'WdJtJ'W phllabkhlan' N eleg.adrawing(as

    probation, be put on probation.


    Jl1 At!~ 1 tJ phllagplaajl N 1. final part, section.

    2. final semester.
    Jl1 FJ ~'W 'J fl pMagphanuag' N appendix, addendum,

    opposed to a painting, a photograph}.


    Jl1 'W ~ 1 tJ ( Jl1 'W , 1'U , bb ~ 'W ) pMabthaaV (pMab', ba j',
    I

    supplement.
    Jl1 FJ'W 1 tJ'V~ pMagphaajab' N the northwest, the

    phtn') com.
    Jl1'Wil ~
    I

    N eleg. photograph.

    --syn. StiD1tJ 'IJ

    northwestern part (of Thailand).


    Jl1 FJ bV11J eJ pMagnya' N the north, the northern

    pMabnt:o' N 1. slide (for projection),

    still picture. 2. shadow play figure (made of hide or paper). NOTE. Mng. 2 is used esp. in the south where shadow plays are still seen.
    Jl1 'W'li fl

    part (of the country).


    Jl1 FJ 6i 1'W pMag?is~an' N the northeast, the

    northeastern part (of Thailand}.


    Jl:iJJl1 A phuulmfph~ag' N the provinces, i.e.
    'IJ

    phllabpog' N e l e g. cover design, cover


    v

    photo, cover picture.

    --Also

    Jl1'WWW 1tifl .

    part of the country lying outside the capital or largest city.


    bsiJJeJJl1FJ sam~<'l'pMag' V to be equal (in legal

    Jl1'W'J S::::: fl el'U pMabprak~:Jbl N e leg. (pictorial)

    illustration (i.e. for a text).

    Jl1'Wbti~eJtJ pMabplyaj' N eleg. pictureofanude.


    Jl1'WtJ'WiiiS ( bSel~) phllabphajon' (r9a:o') N eleg.
    v

    status).
    Jl1 FJ l!J

    Fl'J1JJ-- equality.
    'IJ

    in Jl1 FJ JlJJ phllagphuum' V 1. to feel proud. o

    motion pictures, cinema. --s y n. Vl'W ~


    Jl1'WtJ'WiiiH'W~H

    com.

    2. to be dignified, grand, majestic. --Also spelled


    'IJ

    "'

    ( bSeJ~)

    pMabphajon 1 phlee:o'

    'l'nfl~JJ.

    (r9a:o') N eleg. a musical (i.e. musical motion V 1. picture). o LnJl1'WtJ'Wlil


    "'
    (LH)

    o Jl1 FJ Jlilb "I ( 1'W) pMagphuum'caj'(naj::=:)

    to feel proud (of}. 2. to have a sense of accomplishment. --Also spelled

    roo::o'pMabphajon' (roo::o')

    'W1m~:w1'1. 'IJ
    N

    N e leg. motion picture theater, cinema. --Syn.

    Jl1 A phaakhii' N e l e g. member, partner.


    6

    1nww~ com.
    Jl1'W S ::::'U 1 tJ ~ phllab'rabaajsli' N e 1 e g. a painting. Jl1'W&HJ phllabl5:J' N a caricature. Jl1'W'J111l phllabwllad' N eleg. a drawing, a paint-

    J1 ~ Jl1 A ( '(] 1 ~ ) cMad' phaakhii' (cMad')


    e leg. member nations.

    tJ S : -; b 'l1 AJl1 A (tJ S::::: b'l1 A) pratMed'phaakhii' (pra::=:


    th@ed'}
    Jl1 cJ'W::::

    N eleg. member countries.

    ing (as opposed to a photograph}.


    v

    ( eJ ~ 1 ~ , i}''W, 1'U) pMadchami? I (jaa:o', chfnl,

    Jl1 'VlVl'W 1 tJ fl

    phllab'nllapCig' N e 1 e g. cover picture


    Jll'Wtifl. ( QLJ'U , 6~ :W)

    baj ')
    J'11 'W

    N e leg. container, vessel, utensil.

    (as on a magazine). --Also


    b6:W nn 1<0'WJl1 'W

    ( Jl1 'W ) pMab', pMabpha::=: (pMab') N e l e g.

    mtgkaasiin'pMab'

    1. picture, image, figure.

    2. element used as

    (chamb', l@m')
    <0'W f.Eng.] S tJ Jl1 'W
    'IJ

    N pictorial magazine. [ 66:Wfl n 1

    the final member of certain compounds in the meaning "state, condition"; see example. --Comp. 2. Jll'J::-;. --Syn. 1.
    t'li com.

    ( S ti , 1'U )
    'IJ

    rt1ubpMab' ( rt1ub', ba V)

    picture.
    'J 1111Jl1'W wlladphllab' V to draw a picture. Vlel
    ~Jl1'W

    o asiSJl1'W ?lsaraphllab' independence: "independent state, condition."


    I

    ( Vlel

    ~)

    h~:opMab'

    (M:o')

    N photography

    'lJ 1 'J Jl1'W khaawpMab'

    N pictorial news.

    studio.
    Jl1tJ phaajl N part, side (as in "inside, outside").

    b "11Jl1'W
    'l11~Jl1'W
    I

    ( A'W) cllwpMab' (khon') N host, hostess. (Fl'W) chlla:ophllab' (khon')

    N eleg.

    --Used of both space and time. --comp. 'IJ1~.


    v

    photographer, cameraman.
    I

    Jll tJ 1 Iii phaajtllajl under, underside, underneath. JlllJ'Welfl phaajn~:Jg 1 outside, exterior, external. fll S-- external affairs, outside matter. Jll tJ 1'W phaajnaj' inside, interior; internal; inside

    bl1lJJl1'W thaajphllab' V eleg. to take a picture,

    to photograph.

    --s y n.

    blllJ SLJ com.


    'IJ

    \1 n 6~'WJll 'W

    nyg'henpMab' V to imagine, visualize,

    Jl1rl

    389

    of, within (time or space); affairs.

    n 1 ~-- internal

    in which currency is devaluated; the condition of inflated currency; hence, inflation.


    Jl11:::: 9W l Q'W phaawa?lchugch;"i8nl N emergency,

    o Jl1rll'W!JS:::: l'tlA phaajlnajprath~edl 1. inside the country. 2. (as n. mod.) domestic, internal, inland.

    state of emergency.
    Jl1 't!-1
    <9J (

    "

    Jl1 't!-1 ) phaasaal (phaasaal)

    N com.

    o Jl1rll'Wll-Jn'l'W phaajlnajm~jkliwanl withina


    few days.

    'd

    language, speech.
    lil1 -1 Jl1'tf1
    '

    taauphaasaal a different language, a


    '

    o Jl1rll'WS::::t:J:::: phaajlnajraja?l within a distance


    of, within a period of.

    foreign language. o lil1~"1i1~1il1-1Jl1'tf1 taaucMadltaauphaasaal elab. colloq. (of) different nationality and speech.

    o Jl1rll'Wl'J~1 phaajlnajweelaal during, within


    the time limit, within the period of. o Jl1 rJ lwvm l ~ eJ'W phaajlnajhogdyanl within six months.
    Jl1lJVl'W 1 phaajn~al in the future. "' o 1'WJl1 rJVl'W 1 najphaajn~al in the future. Jl1tJVl61 -1 phaajlaul after, afterwards, later on.

    ~iJl1'tf1eJeJT1 faulphaasaal-?:,;,gl to be able to


    understand a language when spoken.
    Jl1 't!-1 fl'W phaasaakhonl N human speech. Jl1 't!-1 '"' 1 'W phaasaaciinl N Chinese, the Chinese

    language.
    Jl1 'tf11il ~ 11il

    phaasaaltalaadl N the language of

    o l'WJl1rJVlii najphaajlaul afterwards, later, in

    the common people; the unrefined speech of the market place, of the lower classes.
    ' Jl1 't!-11111

    the future.

    Jl1lJVl~

    'I'll phaajlaulthti=

    after {doing thus and

    '!i.J s:::: l TI A phaasaaltaaupratMedl N foreign


    d ~'W

    so).
    Jl1 S phaan=, phaalra=. Bound stem meaning "burden,

    language.
    Jl1'tf1 'tle:H

    phaasaalth:J:)uthlnl N dialect, regional

    task, work, duty, responsibility." -+Com p.


    Jl1S::::. Jl1 S '1 phaalrakldl N work to be done, task,

    speech.
    Jl1'tf11 m:J phaasaathajl N Thai, the Thai language.

    n
    1

    o Jl1'tf1l~wn~1i phaasaalthajklaanl central Thai, the central Thai language (i.e. the one spoken in

    duty, responsibility.
    Jl1 S H
    ( fl'W) phaanrooul {khonl)

    N janitor,

    Bangkok).

    custodian.
    Jl1 s::::

    Jl1'tf1'U1~ phaasaalbaaliil N Pali language (lanN burden, task, --com p.


    Jl1 S

    ( eJ rJ 1 -1 ) phaara? I (jaau I)
    work, duty, responsibility.

    guage of the Buddhist texts) .


    Jl1'tf1F.Js -1 lA'tf phaasaalfarauseed1 N French, the
    .1

    ll'UnJl1S:::: bhglphaani?l V toshoulderthe

    French language.

    responsibility, carry the burden.


    Jl1 1'W 1 phaawanaal V to pray, meditate. Jl1 1:::: phaawa?l N state, condition, situation.

    Jl1'tf1Vl'Wl~eH phaasaalphyY-nmyaul N dialect,


    regional speech.
    Jl1'tf1~ lil

    'V

    phaasaaph11ud1 N 1. the spoken language.

    -+C omp.

    Jl1~.

    2. colloquialism. N law legal


    Jl1 'tf1l-J fl 6 phaasaalmakh6dl N Pali, the Pali lan-

    w~Jl11:::: nftlphaawa?l, nitl?lcompetency.

    guage.
    Jl1 't!-1 ~:::: lil'W phaasaallatinl N Latin, the Latin

    o lJ s Hrw~ Jl1 1:::: bunllJ?Initlphaawa?l, -nitl ?19

    V law

    to come of age, reach legal age, attain

    language. [ 61 :::: ~ 'W f. Eng.]


    Jl1'tf1 Vl'!1J -1 ~ eJ phaasaalnausfyl N 1. written lan-

    one's majority.
    Jl1 1:::: n 1 ~ l ~'W phaawa?lkaanu<m 1 N financial

    guage. 2. literary language.

    condition, financial situation (e.g. of a country).


    Jl1 1:::: A'U 'il'W phaawa? lkhabkhanl a state of crisis

    Jl1'tf1eJ~n6]'tf phaasaal?aukrldl N English, the


    English language.
    Jl1'tf1
    lfl.

    or emergency. "' Jl1 1:::: l ~'W l '1eJ phaawa?ID8nf881 N the condition

    Seeentriesbelow. -+Alsowritten

    i'J::::~1,

    which is considered to be more correct. -See

    Jl1~1

    l!.

    390
    iJ ~::; 611

    also

    status, background. Chiefly in compounds.


    'iJiilJl:W pltuphuum' N eleg. fatherland, native
    G 'IJ

    li11 :WJl1~1 taam'phaasaa' in the manner of, ac-

    cording to the ways of.


    ~Jl1~1

    country. colloq. to know what


    'IJ

    -c o m p.

    J.J11i1Jl:W.
    G 'IJ

    ruulphaasi!:al v

    '1'1 S::; Jl:W phraphuum' N the guardian spirit of one's

    is what; to have horse sense.


    Jll.g.lil

    land.
    Jl:Wi.J s::; b 'tl~
    'IJ

    ('U'tl) phaasld' (bOd')

    N proverb, teaching,

    ( llVi~, eJrJ 1 ~) phuu'mipratheed' (heu',

    motto.

    --c omp.

    61Jl1.g.Fl.
    G

    jaau 1 )

    N topography, the surface features of

    Jl1~

    t9J

    phaaslil N advantage, upper hand.


    'IJ

    an area; scenery, landscape.


    Jl:W'I'If;liJfilf;l blil'l.l phuu'miphonl-?adun'deed' nN
    G

    ilJ11~n 'J 1 miiphaasii'kwaa' 1. to have an advantage over, have the upper hand. 2. to have more points than (e.g. in a beauty contest). o
    l-JJl1~lVi'lHJn'J1,:WJl1~1iln'J1
    ~ ~ ~ ~
    c>C:I
    I

    Phumiphon Adundet (Phumiphol Aduldet), king of Thailand (1946-).


    Jl:WJl1 A phuu'miph~ag' N the provinces, i.e. parts
    'IJ

    miiphaaslil-nya'::::

    k:waa', miiphaaslil-diilk:waa' idem.

    of the country lying outside the capital or largest city. o S 1"1in 1 S61 'J'WJlJ.JJl1A r~adchakaan'suanphui.Jt::::
    'IJ
    I A

    Jl1~

    LsJ

    phaaslil N tax, tariff, duty.

    -+Comp.

    l 'U Jl1 ~ keblphaas IiI V to collect a tax or duty.

    eJ1ns.

    miph~ag'

    N provincial government service.

    n 1 S- - taxation, taxing; the collection of taxes


    or duty. A'W- tax collector.

    Jl:W61'1 l 'W 1 phuu'milamnaw' N domicile, native


    'IJ

    habitat, native district. o


    lii~~:Wi;l1l'W1 t~u'phuulmilamnaw'
    !:;
    A

    lil1'WJ11~ ( lil1'W) daan'phaaslil (daan') N customs


    station, customs post, customs house.
    Jl1~n 1 SA 1 phaasli'kaankhaa' N business tax.

    totakeup

    residence (as in a new district), to settle.

    "' ~:WF'i1611il~ phuumisaad' N geography.


    J.J11i1Jl:W maaltuphuuml N eleg. motherland, native
    9 'IJ

    Jll~l ~'W1; phaaslii~Fmd~ajl


    G

    N income tax.

    Jl1 ~~ !;l n 1 n S phaas I il si:in'lakaak:J::m' N customs

    country.
    rJ'tloJlil
    G
    'IJ

    -+Comp.

    'iJliJJlil.
    G 'IJ

    duty.

    (Lb'Vl~) jud'thaphuum' (heu')

    N eleg.

    Jl1~eJ1n~ phaasiil?aab:Jn' N revenue, i.e.all


    taxes, duties, fees collected by the government.

    battlefield, battleground.
    ii1 1 ~ Jlil b:Jt]phuum' V co 11 o q. to test the know-

    lHJll~ (ln,ll~~)

    roouphaaslil (roou',heu')

    ledge of, measure the educational level or background of (usually in an attempt to catch someone,

    '"

    N customs building.
    b ~rJJl1~ sia'phaaslil V to pay taxes. t:J-'IJ
    G

    expose someone's ignorance).


    iJb\I.ViJlil ?un'haphuum' N temperature.
    'IJ

    taxpayer.

    ellil S 1Jl1~
    Jln~,'VO::;-G

    ?adtraa'phaaslil N tax rate.


    (siJ,iJ~A) phigsli?', phraphigsli?'
    'IJ

    Jl~ LsJ in the following entries.


    'IJ

    Jl1 AJlil ph~agphuum' V 1. to feel proud.


    'IJ

    2. to be

    (rQub', ?ou')
    ~

    N eleg. Buddhist priest, monk. phuukhaw' (ltlug') N mountain.


    'IJ

    dignified, grand, majestic. See cross reference.


    JliJ1'l (l'W) phuumcajl(naj::::)

    in

    l "lJ 1 ( ~ n )

    V 1. to be proud

    -+Comp.
    'IJ

    l "LJ1.

    (of). 2. to have a feeling of accomplishment.


    A 'J 1:W-- pride.

    l V'WJl l "lJ 1 penphuukh.1lw' to be mountainous. Jl b "lJ 11 '1'1


    'IJ 'IJ

    ( !;l n )
    'IJ

    phuukhawfajl (ltlug') N volcano. l

    ~:W~ 1'W phuumtMan' V to be dignified, grand.

    Jl b~uTl'1:W1~rJ phuukhaw'-hlmaa'lajl the Himalaya

    Jl d (1) pheesad'; (2) pheesad'::::, pheesad'cha::::


    6

    Mountains.
    ~

    N 1. eleg.,tech. medicine, drug. 2. initial stem meaning "pharmaceutical, pertaining to drugs."


    bJlGi'dns

    in

    bl:Wil ~ ~

    ( li1 'J) maleeuphtlu' (tua') N e 1 e g.

    carpenter bee. See cross reference.

    -s y n.

    1. tJ 1

    com.

    ~b
    Jl~
    'IJ

    nIii phuuked'
    Thailand.
    t9J

    pN Phuket (Puket), a township in S

    (A'W) pheesad'chab:Jn' (khon') N eleg.

    pharmacist. N 1. earth, place. 2. level,


    bJl cJn ~ s J.J pheesad' chakam' N pharmacy.

    phuum 1, phuu'mi::::

    391

    bJl6f'111'11rl 1
    LJlFl

    pheesad/wfdthajaa/ N pharmacology.

    Jl1 Fl

    pMog/, ph~ogkha::::: N 1. property. V 2. to eat, consume, utilize. -Chiefly in compounds.

    "" manii/ N 1 it. precious stones, gems. :wrn


    :Wfl
    0J (

    b 1'11 eJ HllJ LJlFl


    9

    khryau?ubpapMog/ N useful arti-

    lilc.J)

    m6d' (tual) N ant. m6ddeeu' (tua') N red ant.

    cles.
    9JSLJll'l b:!:!riph~og/ V eleg. to consume, eat. LJll'l'Yli''V'Wor ph6ogkhasab/ N eleg. resources

    :Wflbbfl ~ :l-1 fl liD


    Ji

    ( iil'l)

    See entries below.


    c;

    'IJLJ!Jl:Wfl b'tlSI

    khtipbd/-m6d'tbed' V elab. eleg.

    (as in "natural resources").


    LJlV'W as in LJlV'W 1'Vl1 S ph~odchanaa/Manl

    to tell a lie, prevaricate. N


    '~el:Wfl

    ( Fl'W)
    'IJ

    ph~bm6d'

    (khon') N wizard, sorcerer. N womb,

    e 1 e g. food (in general).

    :Wfl61n
    'IJ

    ( :Wfl61n) m6dlO.ug' (m6dlO.ug')

    1Jl V'W....

    See

    1'w fl

    uterus.
    :Wfl'Vl:Wel (Fl'W)
    m6dlm;'5JI (khan')

    N colloq.

    doctor, physician. -Syn. e leg.


    ll:W:J.J fl :l-1 m:l:JI LOW consonant. Pronounced m both ini-

    'Vl:J.JeJ com., bb'1'l'lt.J

    ( Fl'W) mtem6dl (khon') N witch, sorceress.

    :J.J~ matl?/ N resolution, decision; opinion, idea, view.

    tiall y and finally.


    :wn s-1 Fl:l-1 m6gkaraa'khom' N January.

    LJs-::::'111:1-J~ prachaa'matl?l N eleg. public resolub~el'W--

    tion, opinion.
    :J.J~:WVI1 6J'W matl?/-mahi1a'chon' N public opinion.
    <v

    idem. -The names of all the months are listed under


    b ~ el'W

    JJJ-1~1 'Vl mii/matf?l-h~j::::: to resolve that, come to

    :l-11'15 makh6d' N 1. an ancient kingdom in India, now

    a decision that.
    61 UJ~ lou'matl ?I to resolve, pass a resolution,

    called Bihar. 2. Pali, the language ofthis kingdom.


    Jl1"d-1 :l-11'15 phaasaa'makh6d' N the Pali language. m

    come to a decision.
    :w 5 n . m:J:Jth:J:Jk:J:J'. Abbr. of
    or

    ~[I ( eJ'W, :w ~~[I) moukud' (?an', moukud') N crown.


    propitiousness, auspiciousness. 3. a cotton band worn on the head (e.g. by bride and groom) for its auspiciousness.
    eJlJ:WH161 ?ab 1pamoukhon' N 1. eleg. bad omen. 2.

    mn 1 't1 r1 1 61t.1 5 n

    :w-

    :l-1 ~ 1'161 moukhon 1 N 1. e 1 e g. auspicious sign. 2.

    ~161M Hl61:::: n 1 ~ dJeJ ~ maMa'widthajaalajlthammasaad'lekaanmyau' University of Political and Moral Sciences.


    JJ'W
    0J

    mon 1

    V to be roundish, somewhat round (not

    sharply pointed).
    JJ'W liD in i'Jfl:W'W JJ'WM, :W'WM S
    v or

    inauspiciousness. 3. (as n. mod.) inauspicious; defamatory, injurious (to someone's reputation). o


    b1J'WeJlJ:Wll'l61 pen1-?ab 1 pamoukhon' to be inaus-

    m~dmon' V to be dark, obscure.

    (9J't1) mon 1 (bod 1 ) N sacred words, prayer,


    or

    sacrificial formula, incantation, magic spell.


    w"1JJ'WM, -:W'WMS nammon 1 N holy water. b'.J'tl:W'WM,-mlMS (9J't1) w@edmon 1 (bod') N magic

    picious, ominous.
    :wrnrJLJ

    (V!~~) mondob' (lau/) N a structure with a

    pyramidal spire.
    :J.Jl]"fH1 ( :wrn1161 ) month on' (monthon') N 1. province,

    spell, charm.
    61 'l fl :W'W M, - :W'W MS suadmonl V 1. to pray. 2. to

    monthon (montol). 2. circle. NOTE. Thailand was formerly divided into ten monthon for administrative purposes. This system was discontinued in 1933 (B. E. 2476). The largest administrative subdivision is now the
    Jl1 Fl , of JJ'WM

    chant sacred words, utter an incantation.

    S ( Fl'W)
    '"'

    montrii/ (khon 1 ) N councilor, councilman.


    L

    -Chiefly in compounds.
    Flrn:::: JJ'Wiil ~ Fl '.J 1:WJJ'WF11 khanamontrii/khwaamm~nkhou'

    N Security Council.
    b11~JJ'WM

    which there are nine. For most practical purposes, however, the chief subdivision of the
    ....... .......

    S ( Fl'W)
    ( Fl'W)

    th@edsamontrii/ (khan') N city

    councilman.
    ........

    ......

    country is said to be the

    'l 1 V1 '.J fl -See

    1 'Vl 'J fl ,

    i'j :W'WM S

    radthamontriil (khan') N minister,

    392

    ~d~

    i.e. cabinet minister. o Ab\l::: S,:j ~Wil ~ ( Ab\l:::) khana? 'radthamontrii' (khana?l)
    ~

    to die.
    ~sAn

    --Syn. See

    lil1t.l.

    mooradog' N (one's)inheritance. --Also spelled


    ~bj

    N (the) cabinet, council of ministers.


    <>

    An .

    o ~1t.Jns,:j~~liiS

    (A~,'t11~)

    naaj6g'radthamon::::
    ~

    S'U ~sAn

    rab'mooradogl

    to inherit. --Also

    triil (khonl, tha.n')

    N prime minister, premier. N

    S S tJ 1 'Yl manj.adl :i-J1St.l1'tl.

    N manners, etiquette.

    H A:W~Iil ~ ( '111~) ?ou'khamontrii' (tMn') privy councilor.

    li11:W:i-J n tJ 1 'Yl taam'manj.ad' by courtesy.


    I

    l-J~ L~t.J s monthian' N royal household, establish., ment; palace. Also spelled l-Jb\l L'IW s

    :W. S. 'J.

    Abbrev. for Vi:WeJ:Wn'li'J

    HI title for a great-

    grandchild of a king.
    :W S 61 :W
    9

    nJ:W~ b~t.J S'U 1 ~ kod'monthianbaan' N laws per~


    taining to royalty.
    l-JtJ'i A~~ 1 in ''1 n A L 61 ~~{\~A~~ 1 pMg'- seerii'ma::::

    moorasum' N monsoon.
    9

    A:i-J:W S 61:W lom'moorastim' N monsoon wind.


    Vi~

    1 ~ S 61 :W n.almoorastim' N monsoon season.


    9

    nau'khasilaal Serimanangkhasila Party, a political party formerly under the leadership of Phibun (Phibul) Songkhram.

    :Wbj lil n
    :Wbjlil~

    marydog', mooradog'. See :i-J sAn marydtajuu' N 1. lit. death. 2. Uranus.


    'II

    lil1'J:WbjliltJ

    (A'dl)

    daaw'marydtajuu' (duau')

    ~tJR manad' N lit. mind, heart.


    :w'IJ~ 1 manilaal pN Manila. [f. Eng. or Tag.)
    :W~Y-t.l, l-J~"eft.l(A~)

    Uranus (the planet).


    :W.fl.

    Abbr. for

    Vi:WeJ:WVifi'Jl title fora great-great-

    manud', manud'saja:::: (khon')


    :W Arl~

    grandchild of a king. monthin' N e l e g. stain, blemish, taint, impurity.

    N e 1 e g. man, human being.


    .. L''1 EJ~l-J~"eft.J (A~) d

    ph1anmanud' (khon') N fellow

    man.

    ~:W flrl~ miilmonthin' e 1 e g. to be tainted, blemished.


    :W~1t.J1

    :W~"eft.IV1~ manud'sajacMad' N mankind. 9 ~~"eft.IL~~~~ (A~) manud'-d8~m'din' (khon') 9


    an ordinary human being (in the sense of not possessing supernatural powers).
    ~~"eft.J

    malaajaal pN Malaya. FS.


    :W~

    ~::;~1t.l1.

    [prob.

    N
    :W~1~

    f. Eng. f. Mal.) -+More often malaajuu' pN Malaya. FS. --Also


    LL'/Jn:W611~
    :W~1t.J1.

    1 ~. [f.Mal.)

    :W:::A1~.

    6 s s l-J manud' sajatham' N humanity,

    (A~)

    khb:g'malaajuu'(khon')

    humaneness.

    Malayan, Malayan person.


    Lis::: b'YlAJ.JA1tJ 61V1Sj
    'II

    :W~"eft.J1~n manuctlsajalt'}og' N the world, the 9


    earth, i.e. the world of human beings. --+Opp.
    b't1 d 1 fl n

    prath@ed'malaajuu' pN Malaya.

    :W~ 18 sah~uad'malaajuu' pN Federated 'II


    muuk~?lmalaajuu'

    "world of the gods."

    ~n"efbll:::Li s::; ;;(1J.J~"eft.J 1agsana? '-pracam'manud' 9


    N human nature.

    Malay States .
    Vi~bn1::::W~1~

    pN the Malay

    Archipelago. N the world, the earth.


    bb Vi~ :W:W 611 ~ :W'Jl
    V
    I

    1'-Wl-J~"eft.J.,. 1~og'manud'
    9

    leem'malaajuu' pN Malay Peninsula.

    Same as :W~"eft.l 1~ n 9

    m11au' V tobepurple.
    ( ~'W)

    ~~A~:W~"eft.J
    9

    (~~Al-J)

    saukhom 1

    manudl (saukhom')

    f.! 1m 'i

    pMamOau' (ph}'yn')

    N a silk

    N human society.

    loincloth or panung, worn by men.

    J.J1~ manoo' N e1eg. heart, mind. --Syn. See


    :W ~A~ manoo'khatl?'

    b'1.

    8~1 'i
    :W'J~
    <9J

    siimOau' N 1. purple, the color purple.

    N 1 it. idea, thought.

    V 2. to be purple. muan' C 1. elf. for cigars, cigarettes.

    :w1~Jl1''1 manoo'ph.abl N lit. imagination.


    :Wl-J. , l-J. :W. Abbr. for :iJR ~ b:i-Jiil S millimeter. mnlil (

    V 2. to roll (a cigarette).
    J.J'J~

    L~A) moorakod' (med') N emerald.


    V 2. to die.

    l!J

    in

    t!'JAJ.J'J~

    puadmuanl V to have a colic,

    :WSb\l::: mooraffi?/ N lit. 1. death. l-J Sbl!Jl1''1 moo'ranaph.ab'

    a fitful pain in the abdomen.


    JJ'J~

    N sac e r. death.

    muan' C 1. roll, reel (e.g. of film). V 2. to roll, roll up, reel (on a reel), wind, coil, curl.

    bHUn~Sbl!Jl1''1

    th1nkh:moo'ranaph.ab' sac e r.

    393

    ..,
    :Wd'Wf.J:W muanph6m 1

    V to curl one's hair, put up

    o :WVI1'1J'W i'j mahaa'chonnarad' N republic.


    :WVI1iTruf\IJI mahaa'bandld' N 1. the holder of a

    one's hair.
    :W'HJ
    0J

    muaj/ N sport

    boxing.

    wn-- boxer.

    master's degree. 2. a master's degree.


    :WVI1~;"d-

    'dn J.J'HJ ch6gmuaj/ V to box.


    l9leJtJJ.J'HJ 6jmuaj/ V to box.

    (Fl'W)

    maMa'burud' (khon') N eleg.

    ..,
    0

    a great man .

    :W ') tJ'\J ~ 1 muajpl~m' N wrestling. :W 'J tJ 611 n ~ muajsaakon' N boxing of European or

    mn'\J s::;

    b 'Yl~

    ( tJ S::; b 'Yl~)

    mahaa'pratMed' (pra:::::

    th~ed'}

    N e leg. powerful country, great power. mahaa'pralaj/ N eleg. great devas-

    American style (as opp. to the Thai style).


    b'Jrl:wdtJ (b'Jrl) weethii/muaj/(weethii/)

    :WVI1'\Js:::itJ

    tation, catastrophe, havoc. o s::: b'Uiil:WVI1L.Js:::it.J raooCJd'-mahaa'pralaj/ N

    boxing ring.
    :W'JtJ m tJ
    l1

    in f.J:W:W'Jt.J

    ph6mmuaj/ N chignon, bun. N colloq. Chinese girl.

    devastating bomb.
    :WVI1iltJ (1t.J11)

    ( Fl'W) mCaj/ (khon')

    mahaa'phaj/ (jaa:o')
    :WVI'Wl'JJltJ.

    N eleg.

    [f. Chin.]
    :W'JtJ muaj/ V lit. to die, pass away.
    l9l 1 tJ com.

    great danger. Also -Syn. See

    :WVI1 tJ 1'\J mahil.ajaan' N Mahayana, the northern

    theistic form of Buddhism (prevailing in Tibet, China and Japan). -Dis t. Vr'WtJ 1'\J.

    :W'Jfl muan' N 1. tech. mass. C 2. eleg. mass

    (see below).
    'YH:W'Jfl tha:omuan' lit. eleg. all, all (of them):
    !:: !::

    :WVI1 S 1 '11 mahaa'r~ad' N the Great (as in Alexan-

    der the Great).

    "the whole mass." --+Cf. 'YH'\J 'd 1 .


    :WVI~61'1'l

    :WV111'YltJ1~tJ (bb'ln) mahaa'widthajaalaj/ (he:o')


    N eleg. N university. o "''W1~1nS61i:WVI11'YW1~tJ culaalotJb::>n'-maMa'::::: 9 widthajaalaj/ N Chulalongkorn University.
    :WVI1~1fl

    ' (Jt.J11)

    mah::i::>rasob' (jaa:o')

    entertainment. Also
    LH:WVIS61'W

    n1 S- -

    (LH) roo:o'mah::i::>rasob' (roo:o')

    N el eg. theater, entertainment establishment. ' 61 1:11'W:W'VIS61'1'l ( llVI~) sathaan'mah::'i::>rasob' (he:o') N e leg. theater, place of entertainment.
    :WVl'W IJI - Bound form meaning "great." :WVl'WIJIL'l1"d- mahan'tath&od' N eleg. 1. heavy

    mahaa'saan' colloq. great, huge, enor-

    mous, tremendous.

    mn b ~ s "d-3

    ( Fl'W)
    :t::

    mahaa'seedthli' (khon')

    multimillionaire.
    :J-JVI1611rl s 1:W ( Fl s 1, VI'W)

    mahil.a 1 so:okhraam' (khra:o'.

    punishment or penalty. 2. major offense.

    hon')
    :WVI161d-J'I1S
    9

    N Great War, World War.


    (:WV1161:WIJS)
    9

    -s y n.
    ~ ~

    Lll"d-'VI~n com.
    (1tJ1~)

    mahita/samud' (maMa':::

    :W'VI'WIJIJW

    mahan'taphaj/ (jaa:o')
    ~

    N lit.

    samud'}

    N ocean.

    eleg. great danger. Also


    ~

    :W'VI1JW.

    -Comp.

    :WVI1611 S Fl1 :W mahil.a'saarakhaam' pN Mahasarakham,

    JltJ.

    a township in NE Thailand.
    :WVI1 eJ"Tw 1"', tJ S::; b 'Yl~-n~ad',

    :WVl~~SStJ mahad'sacan' V eleg. to be miraculous,


    fantastic, stupendous, amazing. cle; wonder, amazement.
    :WVI1- Bound form meaning "great."
    '1'1 S ::;'\J S :W:WVI1 S1 'of 1

    ( tJ S::: b fl~) maMal?am:::::

    Fl 'd 1:W-- mira-

    prath@ed'mahita/'?amniad' (prath@ed')

    N e leg. 1. the Great Powers. 2. a great power, a mighty nation. o :WVI1 eh'W 1 ~ l9l::; f'W l9l n
    ( tJ S::; b'11~)

    ( bb ~ 1 ) phnib::>rommahaa/::::;

    mahaal?amn~ad'-

    dadchawa:o' (he:o')
    'i'JS ::::WVI1n'~l'l St.J
    ~

    N e leg. the grand palace.


    ~

    tawantog' (prath@ed'} Powers.

    N e leg. the Western

    ( 1 ~ Fl, 'i'l S::; 1 'IFl) phramaMa':::::

    kasad' (?o:o'. phnl?oTI') N king: "great king."


    :WV11V'W mahaa'chon' N eleg. the public, the

    J..JVI11ill 'llt.J. See entries below. ns:W:WVI11ill'llt.J krom'mahaadthaj/ N Department

    majority of people. o J..J~:WVI1'1.i'W mati ?/ -mahaa'chon 1 N e leg. public opinion.

    of the Interior.
    n s::: 11 s 'J UJVI11ill 'Yit.J krasuan'mahaadthaj/

    Ministry of the Interior.

    394

    '" n ( Fl'W) maMadbgl {khon') N royal page. :Wv111i1 6~


    :WVJ:W 1 , :W~:W 1 m.ahimaa', mahymaa' V to be enormous, huge, gigantic. :W bvr~ ( eJ

    mostly residing in what is now a part of Burma); Pegu.

    'U 1 'J :W elbl! ( Fl'W) chaawm:xm' (khon') N Mon person,


    N roy. queen :Welli1 N Thai orchestra Peguan person.
    (QJ

    ~Fl.-)

    mahee'sli' (?on')

    (wifeofaking). :W 1 VfS ( 'J ~) maMoriil (won')

    (~'J)

    m~;:,d'{tual) N weevil. -Usually lii'J--.

    l-J eJ 1i1 ll m~.bdl V to die down, die out, be extinguished. l-Jel'U


    m~;:,bl

    with vocal accompaniment (Oriental style).


    l-.1 1 WW 1 ~

    V 1. to delegate, commit, entrust.

    2.

    mah~olaan' V 1. to be splendid, magnificent,


    elt.J1~--

    to give, present, submit. :Wel'U'Vr:W1t.J


    m~;:,bmaajl

    grand. 2. to be enormous, spacious.

    V to assign.

    with great pomp; grandly, in a grand way. l-J eJ


    ~

    o S'U:Wel'U'Vr:W1t.J rab'm~;:,bmaajl V 1. to accept or receive an assignment, responsibility, transaction. 2. to be in charge, have charge of.
    v

    m;:,;:,n' V to look, look at.


    ~

    6'lJ:W'W:W eJ

    kham@nlm;:,;:,n' V 1. to stare at, gaze

    at. 2. to look at (something) closely, fixedly.


    ~ eJ ~ :W eJ ~ c~n'm;:,;:,n'

    :W el'U 1 vr m~;:,blhttj::: 2. to assign to. :Well-J


    m;:,ml, m;:,;:,ml

    1. to give, present, submit.

    V to stare at.

    ~'Uiii1:Wel ~ dtbtaalm;:,;:,n' V to keep an eye on,


    fix one's eyes on.
    :Wel~fl~11i1

    V to be dirty, smeared, covered

    (e.g. with dirt, grease, paint) (usually of the face). :Wel:W66:W:W m;:,mmem'* V to be dirty, covered with dirt, dusty and dirty, filthy, bedraggled, besmirched. :Well-J'Vr'Wl m;:,;:,mnttal V to paint the face in order

    m;:,;:,lJkraad' V to look around. m;:,;:,lJ'kaanklajl V to be farsighted

    :Wel

    ~n 1 ~;ln~
    tion.

    (have foresight), to foresee an incident or situa-

    :Wel~'lJll-J

    m;:,;:,lJkhtlam' V to overlook; to disregard.

    to conceal one's identity. :Wel:W 6vr~ 1 m;:,;:,mlttw' V to trick (someone) into getting drunk. :W eJ tJ m~V* V to doze, doze off. Vf'W 1:WElt.l ntta'm~V V 1. (one's) face to fall. to be crestfallen, have a long face. 2.

    :Wel ~ 6'lJ~ ~ m;:,;:,lJ'khamelJ' V to stare at, look at fixedly. :Wel ~ ~ m;:,;:,lJduu' V 1. to look. 2. to look at, regard. l-Jel ~ lii1:W m;:,;:,lJtaam' V to follow (someone) with one's eyes.

    l-JeJ~ltm~ ;18
    I

    m;:,;:,n'najlJenaajl to look at some-

    :WEJ~eJF11Fl m;:,;:,dgkhoo' pN Morocco. [f. Eng.)


    :J..JEJ{;j Ul:W m5;:,slem'* N Moslem. [f. Eng.)

    thing with a pessimistic view. :Wel ~ 1l-J 6Vf'W m;:,;:,lJmtljhen' can't see (e.g. because of darkness, mental block, etc.). :W eJ ~ {;j'lJ lil1 m;:,;:,lJ' sobtaa' V to meet somebody' s eyes, look somebody straight in the eyes. :Wel
    ~Vfl
    <;

    :w;:; n '\1 ~ li1 ( 1 'U '~ n ' ~ ~) makruudl (baj ' l11ugl, phOn')
    qJ
    q_,

    'V

    N Kaffir lime, bergamot. lii'W-lime tree, bergamot tree. l-J;:;fleJfl


    v

    ( liltJ)

    Kaffir

    (1'U,6lfl,~~) mak:;og' (bajl,l11ug',pMn')


    'U

    m;:,;:,lJhaal V to look for, search for.


    0

    N hog plum; olive. lii'W--

    ( lii'W)

    olive tree.

    l-J eJ ~ 6Vr'W m;:,;:,lJhen' V 1. to see, catch sight of. 2. to conceive (of). 3. to be able to see.
    b'VI~ tJ 'J l-J eJ ~ l Iawm;:,;:,n' V to turn (the head) and

    'W 1iJ'W:W:::: n EJ n namman'mak:;;:,gl N olive oil.

    :W::::6fl~el maklya' N ebony. ill'W-:W;:;'lJ1:W (rJ'n)

    (ill'W)

    ebonytree.
    <v

    makhaam' (fag') N tamarind. !ll'W--

    look. 6'VI~ el'U l-.1 eJ ~ lyabm;:,;:,lJI V to glance at.


    I

    ( lii'W) tamarind tree. :W:::: 6~ eJ


    (

    1'U, ~ n , ~ ~) 'U

    makhya' (bajl, l11ug', phOn')


    v ...,

    :Wel~ m~lJ'* V

    slang

    to die; to be dead, killed.

    N eggplant (the fruit). (the plant) .

    ill'W- -

    ( lii'W)

    eggplant

    .... Syn. See lil1t.l. :Wel Hlli1


    I

    m~1Jth0ud 1
    1

    idem. idem.

    :W:::: 6 ~el 611A

    'U

    ( 1 'U, 6lfl, ~~) makhyatMed' (bajl, 'U N tomato.


    '

    :Wel~6'1'H lli~1Jth@1J

    l11ug',ph~n')

    lii'W--

    (ill'W)

    tomato

    :J..JEH1n 6~t.J m;:,lJkoolia'* pN Mongolia. [f. Eng.] :W Elbl! m;:,;:,nl N Mon (name referring to a people
    d

    plant. l-J::::61i1el (
    'l

    b'U,~n.~G'l)madya'
    'U

    (bajl,l11ug 1 ,ph0n')

    395 fig.
    :w ~'W 1 'J
    lii'W - 'U

    ( lii'W )

    fig tree.

    meat, copra.

    (l 'U , 61 n , f.J 61 ) manaawl (bajl, lQugl, pMnl) lil'W-( lil'W)

    :W~'W;1'JDeJ'W
    tJeJlil:W~'WS'l'J

    (l'U, 61ll, i:-Jii1)


    'll

    maphraaw?~;ml
    (j!bdl)

    (bajl,

    N lime, lemon. tree.


    v

    lime tree, lemon

    lQugl, ph6nl)

    N young coconut.
    j~;,dmaphraawl

    (tJeJI'I)

    'W'1:W~'W 1 'J

    nammanaawl N 1. lemonade, limeade.


    'll

    crown of the coconut palm.


    61 n :W:::: 'W S 1 1

    2. lemon juice, lime juice.

    ( 61 n )
    'll

    l11ugmaphraaw1 (111ugl)

    :W~ 1 'Wii11 manoollaal N a type of dance performance


    found in S Thailand.

    coconut (with or without the outer husk).


    :w:::: bf1 eJ ~ ( 1 'U, ii1 n , r.J 61)
    'll

    mafyaul (bajl, lQugl, pMnl) N


    .,

    :w~'t.Jn ~

    (L'U, ~n, r.Jii1) "mapraa~l (bajl, lQugl, pMnl) ( lil'W)

    carambola (fruit).
    :w:::: :w 1 i
    ( 1 'U, ii1 n , i:-J ii1)
    'll

    lil'W-v

    ( lil'W)
    v

    carambola tree.

    N marian plum. lil'W-tree.

    marian plum

    mam11aul (bajl, lQugl, pMnl)


    lil'W-( lil'W)

    N mango (the fruit).


    'U

    mango tree

    :W~'W ;1 1

    ( 1'U, ii1ll, f.Jii1) maphraawl (bajl, 111ugl, pMnl) (see below).

    (Mangifera indica).

    N coconut (the fruit). lil'W--

    :w~ b~tJ mamial N eleg. (Year of the) Horse. --The


    complete list of the cyclical years is given under

    n~ 1vmn:w~'W;1 1
    (lQugl, bajl) the endocarp.
    ll1ll:W~'WS1'J

    ( ii1ll, 1'U) kaloog 1 maphraawl


    'U

    N hard shell of the coconut, i.e.


    d

    'll.
    :w~ b:WeJ:W mam~aml rM intensifier used with

    li1'1

    kaagmaphraawl N coconutmeat
    :W~bb:W

    "black." mamu;l N eleg. (Year of the) Goat. -The complete list of the cyclical years is given under N
    :w~~~

    residue, i.e. the unusable residue left after the grated meat has been pressed.
    v v v

    n 1'W:W~'W n 1

    ( ll1'W) k.1anlmaphraawl (Uanl)

    tl.
    (b'U,ii1ll,r.Jii1)
    'll

    midrib of a leaflet of a coconut palm pinnate 1eaf.


    ll1'U:W~'W

    .,

    mara?l(bajl,lQugl,pMnl) N
    ( lil'W)

    _,. D i s t. 'Yl1 ~ :W ~ 'W S11


    S1 'J ( ll 1'U) kaabmaphraawl (kaabl)

    bitter melon. N
    d

    lil'W--

    bitter melon plant. -see

    :W ~ S 'W maryynl N the day after tomorrow.


    :W::::bSeJ~.

    coir; piece of coconut husk (of any size).


    ~

    'J ~ :W::::'W n 'J

    ( ~ 1 ~) uuaumaphraawl (uuaul)

    :W:::: S'W'W maryynniil the day after tomorrow.

    "'

    Jt

    spadix, fruit- bearing stem of the coconut palm.


    lil'W:W~'WS11

    :w~ b ~ ~ mareul N cancer.

    (lil'W)

    t~nmaphraaw 1 (t~nl)

    N the

    1S Fl:W~
    :W:::: b S iJ
    d
    ~

    b~

    ~ r~oglmareul N cancer (the disease).

    coconut palm, coco palm (Cocos nucifera).


    'Yl1~:W~'WS1'J ('Yl1~)

    maryaul N the third day from today, three

    thaaumaphraawl (thaaul)

    days from today (i.e. the day after the day after tomorrow). --See
    :W:::: S'W

    1. midrib of the coconut palm pinnate leaf. 2.

    .,

    -The com-

    coconut palm pinnate leaf. -Dist. ll1'W:W~'WS11.


    ., v

    :w::::1H marooul N (Year of the) Dragon.

    l{1:W~'W ~ 11

    naamlmaphraawl N coconut milk

    plete list of the cyclical years is given under D.


    :W:::: 61:::: ll eJ

    (i.e. the liquid from a green coconut).


    v
    ~

    ( b 'U , ii1 ll , f.J f1) malak:J:JI (bajl, lQugl, pMnl)


    'll
    v

    'W'1:W'W:W~'W S 11 nammanlmaphraawl N coconut oil.

    N papaya. papaya).

    lil'W--

    ( lil'W)

    papaya tree (Carica

    b'WeJJ.J~'W S 11 nyamaphraaw

    &'

    ...,

    '

    '

    N coconut meat. N leaf or

    1'U:W~'W;11

    (b'U) bajmaphraawl (bajl)

    :W:::: ii11 tJ 1 FS. See :W ii11 ti 1


    J.J:::: 611 tJ FS. See
    'll

    leaflet of the coconut palm.


    b'll ~ eJ n:W:::: 'W;1 1 plyagmaphr.iawl N coconut husk.

    :W ii11U
    'll

    ;).J::::~

    (lileJll) mali?l(d:,;,gl) N jasmine. lil'W--

    (lil'W)

    :w~'W;11~11
    v

    (1'U, fill, r.J61) maphraawMawl (bajl,


    'll

    jasmine plant or bush.


    lileJll;).J::::~
    (lilelll) d~;,gmalf?l(d:,;,gl)

    lOugl, ph6n1)
    .,

    N ripe coconut.

    N jasmine

    b eJ 1 :W:::: 'W :1 1 ! Vl11 :W 1 'lJ 1 tJ 61 1 'W ? awmaphr.iawh.1aw 1-

    (the flower).

    maakh.[ajl suanl idiom. to tell someone what he already knows. Cf. "carry coals to Newcastle:'
    v v

    :W::::b~~ mas~ul N eleg. (Yearofthe)Snake. --The


    complete list of the cyclical years is given under

    :W ~ 'W S 11 bb Vl ~

    maphraawlh~E:tJ I

    N dried coconut

    il.

    396
    :W:; 6VI~ n maneeg' N co 11 o q. knuckle (of the hand).
    I

    ~~Arl
    9

    (1'U 61n
    ,

    cu

    '

    (;J~)

    maukhU.d' (baj 1 ,10ug',ph6n')


    v

    o l-J:;

    6VI~nl6'W:;

    maneeg'nt a threatening expres-

    N mangosteen.

    !ii'W--

    (!ii'W)

    mangosteentree

    sion usually uttered with the knuckle poised as


    if to strike.
    w

    (Garcinia mangostana).

    ~ 'H9 S1 'd madcurtl.ad' N lit. 1. god of death. 2.


    death.
    ~

    :wn
    Q..l

    mag' AA likely to, usually.


    q_...Q..J
    oV

    -Syn. 2. Fl'l1:Wiil1tJ

    com.
    L!6l1 com.

    q.;

    :Wflfl'W in
    9

    ~"lfl:Wflfl'W.
    'U 9

    See below. to be careless, heedless,

    l-J"lfit1

    madcMa' N lit. fish.

    ---Syn.

    Jjfl ~ 1 tJ

    mag:u~av

    ~'d5il-J madchim', mad'chimma::::: N 1. 1 it. mid,


    middle. 2. tech. medium, mean.

    sloppy, slovenly.

    ~fl "l:; maglca::::: AA likely to, usually.


    oV

    ~'dUi:wtJ 1:W mad'chimmajaam' N 1 it. midnight.

    l-Jfl"l

    in

    d ~'lfll-Jfl"l.
    VQ..I
    Q..l

    See below.
    w

    ~'d5il-J'Jt:J mad'chimmawajl N lit.,eleg. middle


    age, i.e. the middle period of life.
    :Wiil mad'

    ~fl'lHJtJ magn5::Jjl V 1. to be content with little,


    be satisfied with what little one has. 2. to be unambitious. -Ant. 1.
    ~

    1. to tie, bind.
    'U

    2. elf. for bundles,

    ~fll-J 1 n.

    2.

    ~n 1 VI~.
    B.!
    'U

    bunches. -syn. 1. B.Jfl.

    :Wfl:W1fl magm.1ag'

    to be greedy, have an insati-

    n~lil

    phUugmadl

    to tie, bind. n 1 s--

    obliga-

    able desire (e.g. for money, sex). -Ant. l-Jfl'WDtJ.

    tion, tie, bond.

    ~n1VI~ magja.jl V to be ambitious. -Ant. ~fl'WDtJ. 0 ~n 1Vl~1 J~ ~ magjajlfajsuu:u' v e lab. c 0 ll 0 q.


    to be ambitious. 1'1 1 1 :W- VQ...I
    Q..l

    o 'IJDf.Jfl~lil 'U

    ('IJD)

    kh~::J'phUugmad'(kh!:b') N 1.

    obligation, binding condition. 2. strings (attached to a deal).

    ambition, ambitious-

    ness. -Used in an unfavorable sense in Thai.


    ~ "l

    ~lil'lo1 ("lo1'W'l'W) madcam'(camnuanl) N deposit


    (given as security, as a down payment).

    n:wn ~'W
    <>-'

    n1ucag'magkhun'

    e 1 a b. co 11 o q. to

    be acquainted (with), know personally.


    v"-'
    'U

    o 6 ~'W~Iil'lo1 tJ8n'madcam1 N deposit.


    o 1 1 ~ ~lil "lo1 waan'madcaml V to give a deposit,
    make a part payment.

    :l'lfll-Jfl'l ruucaglmagclil

    elab. colloq.

    idem.
    b~Dnmnl-Jfl'IHJ~
    AI

    d.._.,

    ov

    <V

    l9ag'thtirag'-mag'thtichan'

    ~ o t:J l-J madthajom' N secondary educational level.


    Fl S~o t:Jl-J
    'U

    e lab. colloq. to show partiality, show favoritism, play favorites; to be partial in one's likes and dislikes .
    .1-:B
    .!-

    ( fl'W) khruu'madthajom' N secondary

    school teacher.

    'cr'W~o tJ l-J
    J-:B

    chan'madthajom' N secondary school

    :w nn n m.1gk.1g'. Colloquial var. of :W n 'IJ n .


    :Wfl'IJfl m.1gkh.1g' rM intens. used with
    Jl-J~

    level.

    :B

    D1'W "fat."

    J'W~o t:J:WU ~'Us~ chan'-madthajom'b::J::Jribuun'


    'U

    m.1u' colloq. 1. some (out of a number).


    2. somewhat, in part, partly, to some extent.

    the final year of secondary schools.

    ~otJ:W~fl~1 madthajom'sygs~a' N secondary


    education.

    -Colloquial var. of 'U 1 ~ Man'


    0

    'IJD:W~ kh:'i::J'm~tJ~ colloq. Let me have some!

    .J-

    1s ~ b StJ'W~otJ:WAfl~1
    sygs~a'

    roo:urian'-madthajom':::::

    -Syn.
    J.,

    'IJD'U1

    com.

    N secondary school.

    :W ~

    i!J See entries below.


    J.,

    ~otJ6ibl madthajad' V eleg. 1. to be thirfty, economical. 2. to economize. fl 'l 1l-J-thriftiness, economy.


    ~

    J.,

    l-J~fl~ m.1tJkh~tJ'

    V eleg. to be rich, wealthy,

    thrift,

    prosperous. -Syn.
    J.,
    ~

    Fl'l1:W--

    richness,wealthiness.
    ~'ltJ

    :W~:W

    J.,

    "'

    eleg.,

    com.
    J., J.,

    :W'W

    man' N 1. oil, fat, grease. V 2. to be rich,

    :W~l-J

    ma:umiil V eleg. to be rich, wealthy. -Syn.


    :W~fl~

    oily; to be fatty, rich in fats, greasy (considered to be a desirable quality with some foods, as nuts, rich cookies, ice cream, etc.). 3. to be glossy.
    ~

    fl'l1:W-- richness, wealthiness.

    e l e g.,
    OL.J

    S 'l t:J c om.


    <>-~

    if~ns (!il'l) matJb::Jn 1 (tua 1 ) N dragon.


    1 ,}_, I

    'IJeJ~:W'W

    'l kh:5::JtJ'manman' N fatty, oily substance

    :w ~ Fl1 in

    n :w ~ 1'11 ( fl'W) fara:u'-ma:u 1 kh.1a 1 (khon 1 )

    or thing.
    ~ulil:W'W

    N colloq. white people, occidental people.

    khadman' V to be poUshed, shiny, glossy.

    397

    l 'IJiJ'U khajman' N fat. ~'UIJ~1ii'W chfnlplaamanl


    JJl fl

    ~ 1 ~ ii'W,
    idiom. the best part

    -- LJ:::: l S , -- l D'W l S cM:u 1 manL

    cMu'man~

    parajL ch~IJ'manpenraj~

    Let it be. Let it go.

    of things, the juiciest, most desirable portion. ilu togman' V (an e~ephant) to be in must, in
    <:::>19

    I don't care about him, about it. I don't care what becomes of him.
    'Yl b Fl S fl TI:W'W
    ~ .::,1
    "--'

    rut.
    "-;
    ~

    thiilkhrajl- k~thiilmanl When it's a

    'U 1:W'U namman'

    N 1. oil. 2. co 11 o q. fuel oil.


    ~

    fellow's turn, why then, it's his turn! :W'W ,.: man' V 1. to feel a strong urge (to do something). 2. to be having great pleasure (in doing something). --Chiefly in compounds. ii'W 'IJ 1 man'khaa' V 1. to feel a strong urge to do something with one's feet (e.g. to dance). 2. to be greatly enjoying (e.g. dancing).
    ~

    See cross reference. l D"uilu penman' 1. to be oily, greasy. 2. to be shiny, glossy. l 'iJuJJu 11 'l penman'waaw 1 to be glitteringly glossy, shiny. ilu 'IJ &1'U man'khlab' to be very shiny, glossy. ilu .J'U man'wab' to be very glossy. ilmhJeH (;8'W) mansamj::JtJ'

    :!(

    :W'W l 'IJ t.J 'l man 1 khtaw' V "to feel like biting (into N anat. "brains, something)." ---Used especially when seeing the temptingly chubby cheeks of a child. ii'W l ~ tl 'l ii'W~ eJ mankhtaw'manmyy' V to be eager to fight; to have a strong urge to do something (with one's hands, or with one's hands and teeth). Cf. Eng. "to feel like tearing into."
    v

    (k~bn')

    brain (the organ, as opposed to 8 :W 8 ~ intellectual power, intelligence").

    s 8 iJu

    rodman' N a nutty flavor. N 1. potato, yam. V 2.

    ilu l.!D ( ~1) man' (hila')

    to taste crisp and starchy (used to describe the texture of raw sweet potatoes, water chestnuts, certain green mangoes). NOTE. ilu is a class term for several kinds of plants with starchy tuberous roots.
    J.,

    ii'W~ eJ manmyy' V 1. to feel a strong urge to do


    something with one's hands (e.g. to play the piano, to play badminton, etc.). 2. to be having great fun (e.g. playing the piano). :W'W
    m~nl
    0

    mJ ~ ilu pec::uman 1 N cassava or potato starch.


    ilu l 'flfl ( ~'l) mantMed' (hlia')
    <L-'

    V to be firm.
    v

    J..,

    Q..l

    N sweet potato
    'U

    Fl 1:!-J'W 8b]!b]! 1 ( 'IJ 8 , '1J S:::: fl1 S ) prakaan 1 ) l ~eJJt'W


    1;
    J.,

    khamm~nl sanjaal

    (kh:J::JI,

    J.,

    q_,

    (as opposed to :W'U f.l S ~ ) . potato plant. :W'Uf.J S ~


    ~

    lil'U- -

    ( lil'W)

    sweet

    N promise, pledge. --Also Fl'1Jt'W. to believe firmly.

    ch~alm~n'

    J.,

    ( Vl'l) man 1 fara:u' (hila') N potato, Irish


    v v

    lil UJ'W

    t~:u'm~n'

    1. to settle down firmly; to esta-

    potato (as opposed to il'lH'flfl). potato plant.

    lil'U--

    (lil'U)

    blish oneself in a stronghold. 2. to remain firm, steadfast.


    d J., d

    ilu8'11J::::m1~

    (~'l) man'sampalau' (hlia')


    ( lil'W) cassava plant.

    N -Also

    TI:W'W

    ( 'l1, LlVi ~)

    thtim~n'

    (thti', heu') N fortified

    cassava. lil'W--

    place, fortification, stronghold. l 'iJh!U~'WJt'W


    J.,

    incorrectly ii''W8'11J::::Vii'~. :W'W


    611

    penmen'm~n'

    surely, absolutely.

    man' P 1. com. it, they, them. 2. derog. or int. he, him, she, her, they, them. -Syn. 2. l 'IJ 1 com. NOTE. ilh! is sometimes used

    :W'W Fl1

    m~nkhou'

    V to be steadfast, stable, firm Fl 1 l:l-1-- firmness,

    (as in purpose), secure.

    stability, permanence, security. o Flb\l:::: :W'Wiil S Fl 'l1 :W:W'W Fl


    "" J.,

    in ways corresponding to the English use of "it" as an indefinite subject; 1st and 2nd examples. o ii'Wti1fi'W1llfi'W1 manj~ag'naa 1 -kc:c:naal~ It is very difficult, you see. o hl'W:J.Jh!Fl'W61:::: lHHn~n'-mankhonlaryau'~ That's a different story, a different matter!
    6

    ~ khanamontrii'khwaamm~n~

    khou 1 N Security Council. Jt'W 1 'l


    d

    m~ncajl
    '1

    V to be sure, confident, positive, confidence, certainty.


    1. to hold fast (to),

    certain.
    J.,

    Fl 1 1 d-J- -

    tJ lil d-J'W ( b'W) JYd'm~n'(naj~)

    J.,

    2. to believe firmly (in). Vi:J.J1tld-J'W'U'W:WeJ


    J.,

    ~"'

    maajm~n'p~nmyy'

    eleg. colloq.

    UeJ

    ~ ii'W kh~b:uman' of it, its.

    1. to resolve, have a strong determination (to

    398
    do something). 2. to anticipate strongly.
    v

    o 'J'U'/J'W:W1

    J-'

    ,:u

    w0ub'kh9nmaa' to flare up. V 1. to come in. sV 2. in. towalk

    l-J'J mual V 1. to be dim, obscure, cloudy. 2.

    '/J 1 :W 1

    kh~wmaal

    colloq. to be busily engaged in something.


    '/J'WJJ'J khunmua' V 1. to be murky, unclear,
    9

    b~'WL;1:W1(1'W) d;:l;:ln'kh~wmaa'(naj:::)
    in(to), come in(to), enter.
    ~~'WL'/J1:W1Vl1

    cloudy. 2. to be dim, blurred. 3. to be sullen,


    ill- humored, gloomy.
    'W ~ 1 J-1 'J phr~a'mua' V to be blurred, indistinct.
    v
    I I '

    d;:l;:ln'kh~wmaaM.a' to approach,

    come toward. o 'W '1, L;1:w11J nam' ... kh~wmaachajl to


    0

    :w 'J

    ~Uil

    muate:::

    V to be busy with, to spend or

    introduce, bring into use.

    waste too much time (doing something).


    JJ'J'Vl:J.J1 ~ muam5on' V to be tainted, stained, tar-

    1 ~ :W 1 . See subentries below. 0 1 ~ :w '1 t''W L'U'W n 1 ~ cajlmaa 1 - kh9npenbou'


    to take heart, be heartened. 2. to recover (as from fright). o
    I

    1.

    nished.
    JJ'J

    -+Often used in respect to one's name. V co 11 o q. to waste time

    L; b; mua?('lo?ee'
    unnecessarily. overcast, murky.

    ;E. 1~:W11il~nS:::lJ~

    cajlmaa'-t~ukrabuu'

    idem.

    ~l'lJJ'J m~dmua' V 1. to be obscure. 2. to be


    J,

    lil ei:J.J

    '1

    t~o'maa', t~omaal, t~omaa:::

    sV 1. next,

    following, later on (in time). 2. next, further on (in space). 3. on (i.e. in continuation). -+For examples see cross reference. NOTE. This expression implies direction in time or space from a contextually suggested point toward a focal point of reference. -Dis t.

    :W'J in

    :W'J~:W
    9

    J,

    mOasum' V (people) to assemble,

    congregate, gather together.


    :W1 maa' V 1. to come. sV 2. coming, hitherward

    (in space); 2nd example. 3. coming, i.e. toward the present, or toward the focal time (as in a
    !:::

    ~ 1 l

    LJ

    story); 3rd example. 4. sec. vb. corresponding to English present perfect tense; 4th and 5th examples. NOTE. ( 1) :W 1 is frequently coupled with "go." See examples under lLJ:w1

    lil~~~lil

    "-'

    . . L'iJ'Wiil'W:W1

    t~nte::: ... pentCn'maa' from

    (such and such a time) on (i.e. from the past toward i.he present); from (such and such a place)

    l LJ
    as
    d

    on (i.e. from a distant point toward a closer one).


    '11"1:W1Vl1fl'W thammaa'h<lakin' V to earn a living.

    below. (2)

    It can also be used as a sec. vb. with prim. vb.; 4th example. o :W 1 L ~
    v

    l LJ

    n 1 ~-- making a living, earning a living; occupation, livelihood.


    '11:W1 ( Lb'Vl~)

    .. 'J

    maa! rew'! Come quickly!

    th!imaa' (hu')

    N source, origin.
    1. to bring; to lead

    o mru:w1 kHtbmaa' to come back: "return coming."


    I

    'W"1( ):W1 nam'( ... )maa'

    (coming this way). 2. to bring alxmt.


    ~ '() 1 n1 [91 ~~ lil ~ ~ Tt.ln 'W t~omaa I-. khaw k~d~a j:::
    qV

    Q...l

    lil eJ :w 1

    'W"1:W1~~ nam'maa'-s9tJ::: lit., eleg. to bring,


    bring in, bring about (e.g. sorrow, misfortune).

    tuuaan'kan! Later on, they got married. o 1LJ:w1 b6;'J pajlmaaltew' has gone (there), has already been (there).
    d
    I

    ..,

    o 'Wo1:W11'11 nam'maachajl to bring into use, introduce.


    b'iJ'W:w 1 pen'maa:::

    o '11n&J1'J:W1'W thiiklaaw 1 maanfil which (we) have mentioned, which has been mentioned.

    J'

    to happen, occur, arise. fl 'J 1 :J.J--

    past events, account of past events (from the beginnings to the present).
    1LJiil1:W ( ) :W1 pajtaam'( ... )maa' to go fetch

    n 1 S:W1 b "" HJ'W kaan'maarian' N attendance (in


    school).
    dllii:W1 (1) k8;:)d'maa'; (2) k8;:ld'maa:::

    1. to be

    (a person).
    l LJ:J.J 1 pajmaa' V 1. to go back and forth, to come

    born, to have been born. 2. co 11 o q. to happen to (e.g. get sick).


    'iJ'W:W1 khS/nmaa'
    &'

    and go; 1st and 2 nd examples. sV 2. back and forth, to and fro, this way and that, hither and yon; 3rd and 5th examples. As sec. verb also

    1. to come up, rise. 2. to grow,

    increase. sV 3. up, upward; onward. 4. increasingly.

    ... 1LJ :W 1

    ; 4th and 6th examples.

    J..l1 1tlJ..J1;1'iJ1f'J pajmaa-'khaakh&aV colloq. to

    399

    :W1

    'IHHJ..J1ll~'l

    tMu-'maaltew-' (I) have studied

    engage in trade, travel about on commercial business.

    (my lesscm).

    o
    pajmaa-'haasuu-' colloq. to visit,

    1~:l.J 1 bb~ 'l


    (it to me).

    h~j/maaltew-' (he) has already given

    1tJJ..J1~1~ <U
    pay visits.

    o fl'WJ.J 1 bb~ 'l

    kin-'maaltew-' (I) have already eaten

    o o

    L~'W 1 tlJ..J1 d8~m-'pajmaa-' to walk back and forth. L~'W 1'1.11 tl L'1.1J..J1 d88n-'- soopaj/seemaa-' to stag-

    (implying that one has eaten before coming).


    :W 1 ~ 1

    maahaa-' to come to see, come to visit. maa?eeu-' 1. to come by oneself (unaccom-

    ger back and forth, this way and that (as a drunk person). o 'l n 1 tlJ..J1 w6g-'pajmaa-' 1. to turn this way and that; to wend. 2. to be winding (as a road). o 1l~'U1LJn~'UJ..l1 klabpaj/klabmaa-' 1. to change back and forth again and again. 2. to be unreliable. 3. back and forth.
    1 LJ1 ~'WJ..l1 pajn&jmaa-'! Where have you been? 1 tJ1 ~'WJ..J11 ~'W pajn&j/maan&V to get around, go

    :l.J 1 b ! ~

    panied). 2. to come of one's own accord. 3. to come oneself (in person).


    f'J n:w 1 n ~ 1 'l
    ~ ~ :l.J 1

    j6g-'maaklaaw-' to quote, mention, cite.

    loumaa-' 1. to come down. sV 2. down,

    downward. o f'J n ~ ~ :w 1 j6g-'loumaa-' 1. to move (e.g. troops) down (from the north, or from a hilltop). 2. to take (e.g. a box) down (from the top of a stack).

    hither and thither, travel about.


    'W 1 ( ) J..l1 phaa( ... )maa-' to bring.

    ~'U:l.J 1 s)ryb-'maa' 1. further, in continuation. 2.

    -ct. L!1J..J1.
    1. ,to come

    from them on (toward the focal time), since then.


    L8:l.Jl:l.J1 sam<'I<J-'maa-' constantly, regularly (up to

    J..J1 n l'W maako-.:m-' before, in the past. J..J1<:J 11l (1) maa-'caag::::; (2) maaca.ag::::

    the present or to the focal time).


    Vl'W:l.J 1 hanmaa-', h&n-'maa::::

    from. 2. from.
    J..l1 !i11J..l (1,3) maataam-'; (2) maa-'taam::::
    1. to

    to turn toward.

    ! f'JJ.J
    'II

    d 1 'l'W~'W ~

    juumaa-' -wan-'nYD (and) then one day,

    come to fetch. 2. to come along, walk along (e.g. a path). 3. along, following.
    I

    one day later on.


    l!1l:l.J1 (1) ?:J'.Jg-'maa-', ?:J'.Jg-'maa::::; (2) ?:J'.Jgmaa'

    J..J1 Ll!il maatE:e::::


    I

    from, since.

    V 1. to come out. sV 2. out, forth. o f'J'W!lfl:l.J1 protrude.


    b !1 ( ) :W 1 ?aw( ... )maa'
    d
    j~n/?;);Jgmaa-'

    o J..l1U!il 1lo1 b'WA maateekamn8<Jd-' from birth.


    I ~

    to stick out, project,

    o J..J1 bb!il b AJ..l maateed<J8m' from the beginning.


    J..l1 ~ ~ maathyu-', maa-'thY!l::::, maath)Tu::::

    1. to

    1. to bring. 2. hither,

    arrive; to reach, arrive at or in. 2. to, at, in. NOTE. J..l1 ~ ~ implies motion towards a
    :W 1

    along, up.

    -See cross reference. --Cf. 'W 1 :l.J 1 N 1. horse. 2. bench.

    ( rl'l) maal (tua-')

    contextually suggested point of reference; cf.

    1lo1~~:l.J1 kamlau-'maa-' C horsepower. [tr. f. Eng.]

    1LJ~~.
    J..J1 Lrlf'J 'l maathtaw-'
    d

    --s y n.
    v

    bb ~ ~ :l.J 1 .

    1. to come around (e.g. to

    bfl!1l:l.J1
    d"'

    (el'W,'iJ1~) k)ragm.ia-' (?an',kMau-') N

    someone's house). 2. to come on a pleasure trip (e.g. to a city, a country).


    J..J1 i'U maarab-' to come to meet, get, or receive.
    I

    horseshoe.
    'iJ :W 1 khlimaa-' V 1. to ride a horse. N 2. horse-

    back riding.
    V

    ;E

    .._...

    :W1bb~'l

    maaltew-' 1. ago; 1st and 2nd examples.

    LL'~ ~m

    (As~,

    'WA, L'llf'J 1) (1) kheu'maa-'; (2) khE:u::::

    2. have, have already (done such and such); 3rd and 4th examples. 3. have come from (doing such and such); 5th example.
    v

    maa-' V 1. to race on horseback; to participate in horse racing. N 2. the races, horse races, horse racing (khrau-', nad-'); a (horse) race (thtaw-'). 1l1 S-horse racing.

    o 'W 1'WJ..l1 bb~ 'l naan-'maaltew-' long ago, a long time ago. o
    bJ..JeJ '0 D:W1bb~'l m~ahog-'pii-'-maaltew-' six
    d
    v

    WJ'UJ.J1 khOabmaa-' V to gallop (a horse).


    Fl!1l:l.J1
    v

    (FleJll) kh~'.Jgmaa-'(kh~'.Jg-') N horse stable.

    years ago.

    TIS UJ1 soumaa-' V roy. 1. to be mounted on a

    400

    :W1fl

    horse. 2. to ride a horse.


    'l1Vi1SJJ1
    v

    tity, by a large number. N cavalrybtl'W 5'W:JJ 1 n pen?anm.1ag' 1 it. great, very much;

    (FI'W) thah~an'maa'(khon')

    man; the cavalry.


    r.J 1 'iJ 1 'J JJ 1

    in great quantity. N a

    ( ~'W) pMakhawmaa'* (ph)Tyn')

    "' eH11fl:JJ1fl~
    'lJ

    "

    (FI'W)

    phaul~ag'-m~agldii/

    (khon')

    long strip of patterned cloth used by men for various purposes (e.g. as a towel, loincloth, sash, or covering for the head).

    N e 1a b. co 11 o q. the nobility, the elite, the people of the upper class.

    JJn:w1 n

    magm.1ag'

    to be greedy, have an insa~

    JJ166'iJ~ (rl'J) maakhc:g' (tua') N race horse.


    v '

    tiable desire (e.g. for money, sex). -Ant. :Wfl'WillJ.


    :JJ 1 nn 'J 1 m.1agkwaa', m.1ag'kwaa:=:

    "

    JJ11i111 (rl'J) maataa:g' (tua') N packhorse. v <& ~ JJ 1 'W 1 ( Iii 'J ) maan.1:g' (tua') N 1. bench, stool.

    more, - er;

    more than, -er than.


    :JJ 1 n 6 ll'WFI'l

    2. pew.

    s m.1ag'ka;:mkhuan' 1. more than is


    2. much

    JJ1~~ maam9Jrd' N polit. dark horse. [tr.f.


    Eng.]
    JJ 1lJ 1 'J

    good, proper. 2. much too (e.g. big, small, etc.).


    :JJ1fl6ll'Wl'\J m.1ag'kaanpajl 1. too much.

    ( rl'J) maajaaw' (tua')

    N 1. bench. 2.

    too (e.g. hot).


    :W 1 fl"IJ'W
    &-'
    m~ag'kh1n'

    pew.
    ~

    more, more and more.

    S bld-J 1

    ( FI'W) r6dmaa' (khan')

    N carriage, a

    :Jj

    1 n Iii il Jj 1 n n m.1ag't~::Jm.1ag'- nag so much, so

    ,r
    d

    horse-drawn vehicle.
    bb s ~ :JJ 1 r.s.s:gmaa' C horsepower.

    many, a great deal of. -Also

    :JJ1fllilil:JJ1n.

    n"1~~m.
    I

    -s y n.

    :JJ 1 n 'l1 ~ ~ m.1ag'thtisud' the most, the very most.


    v

    o s

    1lJd-J1n'YHi~

    '

    6 iii'W:JJ 1 l@nmaa' V to bet on horses: "to play the

    ferocious; the very worst.


    d-J 1 fl'W ill! See entries below. ' o fi:J.J1fl'WillJ klim.1agn:bjl colloq. how much,

    '

    raajm.ag'thtisud' the very most

    horses." [perh. tr. f. Eng.]


    I

    ~'W1JJJJ1

    (6b'Vi1) sanaammaa' (hE::g') N race track. (FI'W)


    n~amaa'

    Vi'W1:JJ1

    (khon')

    N decoy (only of

    how many.
    IJ
    v

    a person).
    il1'W:JJ1 ( 'li~, 5'W) ?aanmaa' (cMd', ?an')

    o l:J.Jn:J.J1fl'WillJ m.jkli'm.1agn5;:,j' colloq. not N so much, not so many. o 1:JJ:J.J 1 n n'W ill! m.1jm.1ag'k~n5;:,j' whether many or few, whether much or little; if not a (whole) lot, then (at least) some.
    d-J1fld-J1lJ m.agmaajl V to be much, a lot, many,
    I ..-'-'

    horse saddle.
    d.J1 n m.1ag' V 1. to be much, many. s V 2. much,

    '

    very. Nm 3. many, a lot of. -Ant. 'Will!. -In mng. 3. used chiefly with following expression.
    v

    "

    FI'W or in the

    a great many; to be numerous, innumerable. o


    6tl'W'f1'W1'W:W1fl:W1lJ pencamnuan'm.1agmaajl 1.

    o JJ 1 n Vi'W 1 Viiil1lJ li11 m.1agn.1a'laajtaa' many people, a lot of people.


    'II 11 JJ 1 n
    kh~a:gm~ag 1

    in great numbers. 2. by a great quantity, by a N the majority (esp. in


    0

    large number.
    l-J 1 n d-J 1lJ n 1 tJ nil~ m.1agmaajlkaajk:l:l!J' e 1 a b.

    voting). o 6~lJHJ1~JJ1n s!a:g'kh~a:gm~ag' themajority vote.

    co 11 o q. so much, so many, a whole lot, a great deal.


    .J &-' .:::1 d-J1fllJ~ 6d'W~n'll

    1~ lJ :JJ 1 n

    doojm.1ag' by and large, for the most

    m.1ag'jt:gkh9n'-thugthii' more and

    part, mostly.
    'WillJJJ1n n5:ljm.1ag' very few, very little, very
    I

    more every minute; progressively more.

    1~ :J.J1n1Tn

    m.1j:=: ... m.1ag'nag' not so very.

    small in number.
    v

    611'Wd-J1n suanm~ag' mostly, the greater part. FI'W-- the majority (of people); most people.

    'Wo1:JJ1n naam'm.1ag' the flood level is above

    normal, the flood is high, the tide is high.


    b~'W'f1'W 1'W:JJ 1 n pencamnuan'm~ag'

    o
    I

    61J'W~1'Wd-J1n
    mostly.

    pensuan'm.1ag' for the most part,

    1. in large

    quantity, in great numbers. 2. by a great quan-

    ill! 1 ~ d-J 1 n jaa:gm.1ag' 1. at most, at the maximum.

    mn

    401 2. very, much, highly. 3. big, great, maximum. JJ 1!J


    lB

    :J.Jm~aj /.

    Bound stem meaning "widowed." VIJJ 1!J . (khon/) N widower.

    6tJ\l e:J 1 ~ :J.J 1 n

    penjaaum~ag/

    1. at most, at the

    ---+Also spelled 'W 8JJ 1!J 'WJJ:W 1!J


    9
    I I

    very most. 2. very much.


    e:J1~JJ1n ?aaju?/m~ag/

    (A\!)

    ph!bm~aj/

    V to be old, aged; to be

    phGmm~aj/

    N widowhood. (khon/) N widow. N widow.

    an older person (as opposed to a young person). JJ 1 [ii . See entries below. JJ 1 [i]VIJJ 1 fJ intend.
    ~ ~ Jj
    m~adm~aj/

    66:WJJ 1 fJ

    (A\!)

    m~em~aV

    VI~UJ1fJ
    V to expect, anticipate,

    (A\!) jlum~aj/(khon/)

    :W 1!J 1 ( 8 fJ 1 ~ ) maajaa/ (jaau/) deception. ---+Also :W 1 ~ fJ 1 .

    N trick, artifice,

    1 [ii

    maum~ad/

    to expect, anticipate, aim

    :W 1 ~

    ( ii11) maan/ (tua/)

    N 1. Mara, devil, demon,

    at, aim for. JJ 11il


    ~

    evil spirit. 2. a person who ruins everything,


    m~ad/w~a::::

    in

    JJ 11il ~ 'J 1

    even if, although.


    ~

    an evildoer, a devil. lil 'J JJ 1 ~


    ~

    JJ 11il ~ ~ 1\l

    m~adtrath~an/

    N standard.

    ( lil 'J ) tuamaan/ (tua/)

    N 1. Mara, devil,

    JJ 11il ~ ~ 1\ln 1 ~A~ 8 ~ V'W m~adtrath~an/kaankhn;,u:::: chtib/ N standard of living. JJ 11il ~ '1 m~adtraa/* N 1. system of measurement, standard. C 2. section, clause (as of a law). :W11il

    demon. 2. a person who ruins everything, an evildoer, a devil.

    :w 1 Hi in
    :W1~[ii1

    6'WfH :w 1 ~ '1.1

    6'WfH) phleeumaach/, -maad/

    (phleeu/) (A\!)

    N march music. [:W 1 ~ '1.1 f. Eng.] maandaa/ (khon/) N eleg. mother.

    "'

    ~ 1J~ m~adtraa/ch~D/

    N system of weight

    measurement.
    JJ11il116JJiil~n m~adtraa/medtrlg/ N metric

    -+S y n.
    \J[ii1:W1~[ii1

    66:W com. (A\!) bldaa/maandaa/ (khon/) 'W866JJ com. N trick, artifice, N

    system.
    I

    eleg. parents. -+Syn.


    m~adtraa/ suan/

    JJ 11il S 161 'J \!

    N scale (indicating

    :J.J 1 ~ fJ 1 ( 8 fJ 1 ~ ) maanjaa/ (jaau/) deception.


    I

    proportionate size). 8\!JJ 11il ~ 1


    9

    ___.Also :W 1 fJ 1 .

    ?~mu? /m~adtraa/

    N law

    subsection,

    n~ :W 1 ~ lJ 1 ( 8 fJ 1 ~) kon/maanjaa/ (jaau/) N trick,


    artifice, deception.
    :W1~lJ1'!1 (8!J1~) maaraj~ad/ (jaau/)

    subdivision of a clause or section of a law. :W11il in :W11!lJl:J:i


    9 9 'II

    maa/tuphuum/ N eleg. motherland, -+Comp. iJI!lJl:J:i.


    9 'II

    N manners,

    nativecountry. JJ1\l

    etiquette. -+Also ~H~fJ1'!1, :W1i!J maalaj/ N garland.

    (~\!) m~an/(phyYn/) N curtain,drape.


    ~

    :W 1\l A'J \! :W1\llil1


    I "-'

    m~ankhwan/

    N smoke screen.

    'W'J~d-J1ifJ ('W'J~,el\l) phuaumaalaj/ N 1. garland


    (phuau/). 2. steering wheel (of automobile) (?an/). N

    m~antaa/
    I

    N anat. iris of the eye.

    :W1\!Vl'W11il1~
    c:

    (~\!) m~ann~ataau/ (phyYil/)

    d-J1~16SfJ,d-l16!;l6SfJ
    A

    maalaaria/, maaleeria/ N
    ""~

    J.,

    window curtain, window shade, drape. :W 1\l 6VI~ n


    ~

    malaria. [.Eng.] -+Syn. l'U'1'U6i\l. d-J- mi:::: eleg. not. -+Used only in special expressions, chiefly in formal contexts. -co mp.l~. '1:::: Vli'U iiVIi'UbbVI~ calab/milab/lf:e/ to be on the verge of falling asleep.
    A

    m~anleg/

    the Iron Curtain. behind the Iron

    "' o Vl!;l ~ :W 1\l 6Vl!;l n


    '

    l<1u/m~anleg/

    Curtain. :W1\l:::: maana?/ N 1. persistence, perseverance. 2. pride (which prompts to perseverance). V 3. to persevere, be persistent (in a good sense). A 'J 1 JJ- - perseverance, persistence. :W 1:J.J ( ~ n) maam/ (lQug/)
    'II

    --See

    LbVI~

    lB.

    d-JQ::::\l\l michanan/ otherwise.


    ,., A

    1::

    VI~

    1::

    e:JJJQ::::\l\l ryY/mfchanan/ or else, otherwise.

    :J:i'l.i8'U mich~bb/ to be wrong, illegal, inappropriate, bad, dishonest. o fl[ii:J:i'IJ8'U khfd/mfch~;,b/ to have evil intentions, have unrighteous thoughts. o

    N spleen.
    V

    dJ 1 U in

    JJ 1 n dJ 1 fJ
    I

    m~agmaaj/

    to be much, a lot,

    many; to be numerous, innumerable.


    !:;

    dJ 1 fJ

    C9J

    in
    I I

    dJ 1 fJ ~ \! m~ajuan/
    !:;

    co 11 o q. otherwise,

    1\! '111 ~ il'l.i8'U

    najthaau/mfch~;,b/ in an unlawful

    or else, if not. -+Short and variant form of 1d-J8fJ1nil. -+Also ld-l~\l.


    I

    manner, illegally.

    1;

    "" :J:i'l.i1il\!1\l mfcMa/mfnaan/ e leg. not long (of time).

    402
    ~~~: (1) mfcMj::::; (2) mfcMVt I AA 1. not. 2. no,

    .... bu

    values such as characterizes hardened criminals). -+Also ~,Q1Til]~ ,il"JQ'lTI'\1!.


    illil

    that's not the case.


    il!iiiln(J mfdii"mfniaj' elab. eleg. to be bad,

    mfd/ entirely, completely.


    ,:W~Iil com"mfd/ V 1. to be entirely submerged.

    evil, harmful. o Fi~il!iiiin(J khfd"mfdii/mfraaj' elab. eleg. to have evil intentions.


    iil; (1,3) mfdiiaj/; (2) mid1j::::; (4)

    2. to penetrate completely (as a knife blade into the flesh).

    midiiaj'~

    ,j~ ( ... ) iilil bau"( ... )mfd/ to obstruct, hide (something) completely.
    ~lil-lllil midchfd/ completely, entirely, closely,

    eleg. 1. not get, gain, obtain, procure. 2. didn't; not get to, didn't get to. 3. cannot. 4. No! (general negative). -Syn. o LliWiil;, dooj/mfdiij::::... without being ... o

    1~1;

    com.
    :WiiiS
    A

    tightly (covered, wrapped, hidden). Also eJ (J 1 -1--


    (A'W) mid/, midtra:::: (khon")

    without ... -ing,

    N eleg. friend. colloq.

    -+Syn.

    b~e:J'W

    com.,

    bnii'le:J

    iil;'V1~

    mfd1jkhaad/ incessantly, regularly,

    bl/1~illils jiiadmfd/ N 1. relatives and friends.


    V 2. slang
    'II

    constantly, unfailingly. o

    to play cards.

    iil;e:J~l~
    ~~ii1;

    mfd1aj'?araj' 1. isofnouse. 2.

    ~nii!ils phuug"mfd" V eleg. to make friends.


    illiiS~IiiS mfdtracld" N eleg. friendliness.
    illiiSJl1'W mfdtraphiiab/ N eleg. friendship.
    ~liiH1'Vl1(J

    (one) will not gain anything. o jaumfdiij:::: el eg. not yet.

    o '1!!1A1ii1; Makhiia"midiiaj' eleg. to be invaluable. May be used by some speakers in the meaning "valueless." o 'Vl1'1H 'lJ S (J'lJ:I.J ~ Ma"thtiprlab" -midiiaV incomparable, incomparably.
    ii'W1 bii'l1 miniia"liiw~ No wonder! -Also ii'W1ii'l~.
    I I

    (A'W)

    mfd/saMaj' (khon")

    N eleg.

    friend.

    "' iililsGf:w~'Wfi mfd"samphan" N eleg. friendly


    relations.
    ilb1'W1(J'W mithunaa"jon" N June. q

    ""

    AlV

    b~e:J'W--

    idem.

    -The names of all the months are listed under

    mfniia"lii? ~.
    ~1() mfjaj/ regardless of, disregarding (the fact

    b~e:J'W.
    iiii'l~ b:Wiil S minlimeed" N millimeter.

    -Abbr. :W:W.,

    that), even though. -+Also incorrectly spelled


    ~1().
    A

    :w.:w.
    i161 b Iii eJ S mist;:};:}/ N 1. mister. T 2. Mr.-in transliterations from English. [f. Eng.]
    "' mii/ V 1. to have, possess. 2. there is, there are. :W

    "'

    -Used

    :W S U eJ miniu"r:J:J" not to hesitate; unhesitatingly.

    a;

    ~S'J 1() min1u"waaj' unceasingly, ceaselessly,


    'II

    without stopping.
    AI

    :W11 mfwiia/ no matter, disregarding.

    :Wlil'W:W~:W1-1Viii'l

    -Syn. 1. '11S "' '

    ""
    ~

    el eg., roy.

    1 (J'V'Wfi1 miit5nmamt1au"laajkhanad"

    ii 11 (J miwaaj' cannot help, cannot refrain from. ii'Vl'W,'lJ'l


    A

    There are several rows of mango trees.

    mfn~msam"
    mfh~n/kf:e::::

    colloq. in addition, more-

    "'"' n :W

    k~mii"

    "is (are) found too." -See cross refer-

    over, worse than that.


    <:
    I

    ence for examples.


    bft Iii iJ k~dd"mii::::

    :W b'Vl'WUn

    without thinking of, without

    1. to happen (that); there hap-

    regard to, with disregard for.

    pened to be; to arise, occur, exist. 2. to happen to have.


    lil'l:WiJ!il'l:Wbnlil taarnmii/taamk~dd" elab. colloq.

    ~1; mfhiij' not to let, not to allow, not to permit. eJ ~ 1 S ~ e:J~ eJ ~ 1 S ?araj't:J:Jmf?araj' all sorts of
    things; what not.
    ij,Q1 mfdch~a/ eleg. wrong, improper, illegal.

    according to one's means, as one can afford.


    :W-i:W miiumii" eleg. to be rich, wealthy.
    J.,

    J.,

    "'

    -Syn.

    ~,Q1<1J~ mfdcbaa"chtib" N illegal or wrong


    means of making a living.
    i),Q11\! mfcbaa"thfdthl?/ N wrong view, false

    J.,

    :WHl-1 eleg.,

    S'd(J com.

    iJn ~ 1, miikacaj/. Variant spelling of

    i1 bbn'1 "I

    iJn,'ll S miikamraj' to profit, gain a profit.

    idea (esp. a far-reaching distortion of moral

    iJ bil(J ~ ~

    miiklad" e leg. to be honorable (have

    403

    " honor) (of a person). W-'IJ

    an honorable person
    "'I

    reference.
    :W'I11 'J 1
    miith~a'wlla:::

    (i.e. one with rank, distinction).


    illbni.bl mii'kacaj/, mii'ke.scaj/* 1. to have the

    there are some indications

    that, it appears that.


    il'!11 ~ miithaau' there is a way, a means; it is

    will, the spirit (to do something). 2. to be thoughtful, considerate of others. 3. to be kind enough to, considerate enough to.
    A'J 1 :J.J--

    possible. o

    will,

    1~il'l11 ~

    mttjmiithaau' there is no way, no

    spirit; considerateness, thoughtfulness. -+Sometimes also spelled :Wn:::; 1 "l


    il'U'W 11ill '111

    means; it is impossible.
    :W1 '11'\!f miitMod' to be harmful, produce ill effects.

    '1. . . miikhanaad'-tMwtMw'- to be

    "' :was:::: miithuni?l 1. to be busy, occupied. 2. to q


    have an errand (to do).
    :W'W1:J.J ~lil'llil~ miinaam'dooudau' eleg. to be widely
    .:::1

    of the same size as.


    "' :J. J AS S J1 miikhan' e l e g. to be pregnant.

    --s y n.

    <j

    See

    ilmH.

    known, renowned. -Syn. :J.JVeJLiil~lil'l.

    a.~.:!

    IV

    ilA'J 1:J.J~Iil miikhwaamphld' to be guilty.

    il'W1:W~L':I.I"ef miinaaml?ukh6od' eleg. to be widely


    known, renowned.
    iltJ S:::; 1 tJ 'li; miiprajood' to be advantageous, useful. ilwf'l miiphon' 1. to become effective. 2. to result

    ilA'J1:J.J~'W~ miikhwaamljindii' eleg.to be pleased.


    "'I

    :J.JA 1

    miikh~a'

    to have value (worth); to be valu-

    able, precious.

    :W~rn miikhun' 1. to be beneficial, useful, good.


    2. to have value, be of value.

    (in). 3. to bear fruit. o ilwf'!tJeJ'W'i-'l~i miiph0n'j5:::>nlau' to be retroactive, be effective retroactively. o :ww f1 Gi'U L'W eJ ~ ( :J.J 1 bl111)
    "'
    ~

    :W l A1 miikhaw' to show a trace, a vestige (of).

    il'llt!
    A';;

    miichaj/ eleg. to be victorious, win. 1:1-J-- victory.


    1. to be alive, be living. 2.
    lil1tl.

    .J

    miiphOn'- s)rybn~au'

    (maacaag:::) to be a consequence (of).


    J:lfi"ef miiphid' to be poisonous (as a snake).

    :iJoij11il miichiiwid'

    colloq. to be lively. -+Ant. 1.

    :W:w~l.;

    miimatl?lhttj::: to resolve, pass a resolu-

    o ilo/111i1V'J1 miichiiwid'chiiwaa' elab. colloq. to be lively. o


    'IJ

    tion, come to a decision that.


    :W:w f'lll'W miimonthinl e leg. to be tainted, blemished. il:wf'l,-- A'J 1:J.J"l S'l miimuun', miimuun'khwaamcitJ'
    'IJ

    ~ ~:Wv11il

    slu'miichiiwfd' N living thing.

    il'll miichuu' (a married woman) to be adulterous,

    to have a factual basis; there is an element or basis of truth.

    have a lover.

    :iJ~eJ miich1Jr 1 to be well known, o il~eJ b~rJ ~ miich9JrsiatJ' to be


    J:ll.

    famous, famed. famous, famed.

    :iJ S 61 miir6dl 1. to taste (intr.), have a (particular)

    flavor. 2. to be tasty. o :W s 61 'U:J.J miir6d'khom' to taste bitter.


    0

    :iJ1'liA miichelog' to have good luck; to be lucky.

    J miichaj/

    1. to have for use, have available.

    :W s 61 61 'i 11 miir6d' sanugl to be entertaining.


    amusing; to be great sport.

    2. to be in use, in operation (e.g. machines), in force (e.g. rules).


    ilfi1e:Jil miid:)og' to be in flower. -+Dist.
    ~

    :iJ S:::; L'iJ ti'\.J miirablab' to be neat, well-organized,


    I

    LD'Wiile:Jil.

    systematic, in good order. eJtJ 1 'l-order, in an orderly manner.

    in good

    :iJ ~ eJ mii6:::> 1 (it is) continued (on page ... ) .


    0

    tJ ~ :J.Jiil eJ'-- tJ eJ n jaumiit:)ol, jaumiilt~:::>paj?lig'

    "'I

    l "'

    :iJ S 111.9, 1 'W miirtlagthaanl 1. to have a foundation.


    2. (a person) to have a secure position or standing.

    1. to be continued. 2. there is still more to

    come (as of a story).


    :W D:J.J l tJ miithom'paj there is plenty, there is a lot. il'l1 S'VW miisab' e leg. to be rich, wealthy; to have
    J., J., J., "'

    "' S 1 A1 miiraakhaa' to be valuable, precious. :J.J "' L"' :J.J S eJ'W miiryan' co 11 o q. to be married, have a
    "' "' L"' family (usually of women). -Also :J. JL 'l--It! 1:J.J S el'W

    money. -+Syn.

    :J.J~A~ ,:J.J~:J.J

    eleg., S'Jtl

    com.

    e lab. co 11 o q.
    ilf11J1 miilttab' to get a windfall, have an unexpected

    il'l1 eJ ~ miith5ou' V colloq. to be in the family

    way, be pregnant.

    --ct.

    " " 'l. -+See cross eJ:W'I1eJ q

    piece of good fortune.

    404

    ~ (... )l;
    c:j.!r
    ~
    Q..<

    mii( ... )waj' to have (e.g. food) around,

    "' :Wel1tJ mii?aaju?/ colloq. 1. to be (so and so q

    on hand . .:Wrlfii:Wi;1liltJ miislin'miisad' elab. to be trustworthy, honest.


    :Wi;111 miisanaa' to be dignified, stately, majestic.
    "' I
    a'

    many years) old. 2. to be elderly, up in years.


    r-1-'U

    an elderly person.

    o ~o 1tJ GJ~ q

    il

    mii?aaju?'-slbpeed'pii' (he) is

    eighteen years old.


    iJEJ1'JL<;1 mii?aa'wus15o' eleg. to be senior (in q

    ~ i;1!il1 'l A miisatan' to be rich, have money.


    Fl'W- - rich person; the rich.

    age, rank, status).

    r-1-'U

    a senior person.
    "-'

    ~ 1;1 dl TW miisaph~ab' to be in a state or condition.


    q

    iJ 8116 'W Iii mii? l dthiphon I

    e l e g. to be influential,
    ~'U

    AI

    :J.J{;j'JtJ:WLCitJ'l miisuan'miislan' elab. colloq.

    powerful (as a person). powerful person.

    - an influential or

    to have a share, a part, a voice (in).

    ~ ( .. ) !;1"1~ EJ 'l miil( ... )samroon' to have (such


    and such) in reserve.

    l~:i'hJ6U'Vl1 m~jmii'panMa'

    1. without question;

    no doubt, doubtless. 2. there is no question

    ~~Vl~1 miislin~a'
    expression.
    lo'

    to have a (particular) facial

    l
    o

    (about it). eJtJ 1 ~-- unquestionably, doubtlessly. '.,w :W:W'l'W mijmiiwan' never, there will never be a day (when); not a chance.

    ~ Li;1'W'Vl miisanee' to have charm; to be charming,


    attractive .

    ~Vl'W 1 (1) mii'n~a', (2) miin~a' 1 to dare to,


    have the nerve to. 2. to have (such and such a) look; to look (thus and so); see example. o ~Vl'W 1 L~ ~ 1 miin~a'siw' to have a sad look, to look sad.

    ..,

    l~~ i'W EJ ~ lil1 tJ

    mtijmiiwan'- ?od'taaj' will never

    starve to death.
    tJ 1ll Ail 'l 'W jtiagdiil- miilcon/ e 1 a b. co 11 o q. rich

    ..,

    ..,

    or poor.
    I

    1.::::.1~<:::::~

    eJtJ1'll:W:l..l'lJ:W'IJiiltJ jaaum:tjmiipli'miikhluj' idiom. q

    without warning.
    :i'1r1 ( Lfil:W) mtid' (l@m')

    ~Vl'W1illil1 miinia'miitaa' idiom. to be in a position of respect, esteem, deference.

    N knife. N

    iJ~Lll'W

    L~:W, el'W)

    mtidkoon' (l@m', ?an')

    ilwr~ miiwan' to have hopes, be hopeful. -Ant.


    w

    razor. o 1'UiJ~Lll'W (1'U) baj'mtidkoon' (baj') N" razor

    Vl:W~Vl'J~.

    :fl LVltJ 1 :fl LSeJ'W


    -Also
    "' d "' :WL'VlfiitJ:W:W~

    miij~w'miiryanl e 1 a b. co 11 o q.

    blade.

    to be married, have a family (usually of women).

    :i'1~r11'U

    ( Lfil:W) mtiddaab' (l@m')

    N sword.

    "' L"' :w ~ eJ'W co 11 o q.


    miillam'miikhuu' elab. colloq.
    I

    fl~iil~L~'U (el'W) mtid'tadleb' (?an') N mil


    clipper.

    to be sly, cunning, crafty.


    :WeJtJ1HneJ miijaan'r'Y+ How come? What is
    AI I
    <::!11

    fl~ 1;
    :W~'tleJ
    "'

    (L~:W)
    I

    mtidt1'lo' (l@m')

    N hacking knife. N brass fruit

    'l

    ( Lfil:W) mtidthoon' (l@m')

    that? (expressing indignation, reproach, disappointment).


    ,; I

    knife or paring knife. Brass is used to avoid discoloration of the fruit.

    :W (.,.) OtJ mii'( ... )jtm:::


    'U

    has, have; is, are in

    iJ~'U1~

    ( L~:W) mtidbaan' (lem')

    N paring knife;

    possession of; is, are in existence; is, are to

    a small, thin-bladed knife.


    i1r1'Wn ( L~:W) mtid'phraa' (lem')

    be found.

    -See cross reference.

    N knives

    iJ eJ ~ l ~ mii?araj', miil?araj' 1. there is some-

    (general term for all sorts and sizes).


    flr1i'U ( Lfil:W)

    thing. 2. to have something. 3. what there is. 4. to have what? 5, there is what? -See cross reference.
    iJeJ'W"!di'W mii?anlcakin' eleg. to be well-off,

    mtidpMb' (lem')

    N penknife,

    clasp knife, pocketknife.

    il'W~'U:iJ~ ( ll El'W) hin'labmtid' (k~on')


    stone.
    fl'W1Fl:W miinaalkhom' N March.

    N whet-

    well-to-do. r-1-'ll

    one who is well off, a well-

    L~el'W--

    idem.

    to-do person.

    -The names of all the months are listed under

    ~81V'W mii?aachtib' to make a living.

    405

    "' ~ mYDI P s p. to in f. you. :W


    with n "I, me."
    'II

    Rude word, paired

    n 1:l-J v kammyyl V 1. to clench the fist. N 2. grip,


    0 "'

    clutch, clutches. C 3. handful (as of sand). o l ~:wno1:Jjv temlkammyyl 1. (in the amount of a) handful. 2. with one's hand or hands full.
    nb\!LL~
    '
    "l
    V I

    "' W mynl V to be tipsy, befuddled, groggy. :W'


    ~'W~d1 mynchaal to be cold (in disposition). ~'W;u:W mynsyml to be drowsy, dull.

    :w v

    ( 'lJ 1 ~ , A)
    'II

    kunceelmyyl (khaaul, kh11ul)

    "' Wiil "' ~ myntYDI to be cold (in disposition), to be :W'


    indifferent.

    N handcuff.
    LLn:Wv ktelmyyl to ask for a return match, a

    '-',.

    ~'W 6:W 1 mynmawl V to be drunk, intoxicated.

    chance to make up for one's loss.


    v v

    ~mif'1 mynhual V to be befuddled, dopey. ~fi1 m9Jrdl V tobedark.


    'V

    "1J

    J :W J

    ( 'lJ

    v , 'lJ v:W v , 'lJ 1 ~ )


    N wrist.

    cv

    kh~::>myyl (kh~bl, kh~bmyyl,

    A11:W-- darkness.
    "1J

    khaaul)

    l ~ 1~fi1 uawm9J.rdl N silhouette, dark shadow.

    1 li1:fleJ khaadlmyyl V to be wanting, in short sup-

    6'1.11~[11 cM.awm9J.rdl N the very early morning


    (while still dark). 6 ~ v'Wl'J fi1 dyanm9J.rdl waning moon.
    VH1tJ.
    lil ~ 1 fi1~fi1

    ply, out of stock; the supply (of something) to run out.

    --0 p p. 6 ~ v'W

    A'W:fleJ khanlmyyl co 11 o q. to be itching to do

    something (with the hands).


    ( 6b'VH) taUtadlm9Jrdl (hf::ul)

    N black

    A 1~el khaalmyyl in the act, red-handed.


    G

    market.

    ~'Ul;A1~el

    cabldaajl-khaalmyyl to catch in

    tJ ~ ~ fi1
    'V

    baum9Jrdl to obstruct light. darkhorse. [f.Eng.)

    the act, catch red-handed.


    A:W v
    'II

    :W1i'Jf11 maam1yd1 N polit.

    .,

    ( 6 ~ JJ)

    kh11umyy1

    (l~ml)

    N 1. handbook,

    "' fi1 As ~:W m9Jrdkhrym1 ' :W to be overcast, cloudy; to


    be overshadowed, darkened.
    :Wfi11JI J m9Jrdt9Jr1
    "' d-'

    manual. 2. (as n. mod.) handy, trusty, always at hand.


    LASeJ~J-JeJ

    1. co 11 o q. to be pitch dark,

    "'

    (v'W) khr1a:umyy1 (?ani)


    vd~
    1

    N tool, instru-

    absolutely dark. 2. fig. (one's mind) to be blank (unable to think).


    :W fi1l'l J m9Jrdtyy1 co 11 o q. to be completely dark.
    "' j

    ment. o
    LAs v'l l:w LA s
    d

    v~ :w v ( vu1 ~ , V'W , v'W)

    q.,v

    khr1an::: N e lab.

    maajlkhr1aumyy1 (jaa:ul, chfnl, ?ani) co 11 o q. implement, tool.

    "' "-' :Wfi1bb'Ufi1fi11'W m9Jrdlpf:eddaanl idiom. to be in the


    dark, be completely lost (in trying to figure something out).

    ~ 1:W~ v uaammyyl N the region between two fingers.


    "' Ld-' ~ eJ JJ eJ mralmyyl V to raise the hand in a striking

    "' fi1 :W'W m9Jrdmon1 to be dark, obscure. :W "' ~ :W fi1 :W 1 m9Jrdmua I V 1. to be obscure. 2. to be
    overcast, gloomy.
    d-'

    position.
    "' Liel:WJ-Jel uyammyyl N idiom. control,power,

    clutches, hands. o eJ tJ 1'W l ~ eJ JJ:W eJ "1J J ~ juunaj:uyammyylkh5::>u::: to


    'II
    I .}'

    :flli1G1~1 m1ydlsalual to be dimly lighted.


    'Vi'W 1i'lli1 naam9Jrdl
    1. to black out, have a dizzy

    a!

    be in the clutches of.

    spell. 2. idiom. to lose control of oneself, be blind with passion.


    :fla

    ~'U ~ eJ cabmyyl

    1. to shake hands. 2. to hold

    hands, clasp hands. 3. to grasp (someone's) hands. o

    (:flv,'U1~) myyl (myyl,kMaul) N hand. NOTE.

    :lJ J is often coupled with


    loquial expressions, e.g. hands." Here

    l; in elaborate col~'U l~~'U:Jja


    "to shake

    ~'Ul;~'U:JjeJ

    cabmaajlcabmyyl V elab. colloq. 2. to hold hands.

    1. to shake hands.

    l; is used for the sake of allit-

    ~ ~ ;\j eJ cuuumyyl
    'II "'

    to lead by the hand. N 1. the dealer

    eration and does not carry the connotation of its literal meaning "wood."
    n 1n:Wv kwagmyyl V to beckon (to), summon

    L~ 1;\j eJ

    ( A'W) cawmyyl (khonl)

    (in card games); the banker (in gambling games). 2. co 11 o q. the one who treats.
    '1.11 tJ n 'W A'W~::: l:w A'Wf1::: JJ eJ ch11ajlkan1- khonlamaajl:::
    I

    (a person) by motioning with the hand palm downward.

    khonlamyyl idiom. (each one) to give a helping

    406
    hand. craftsman.
    'W'W:W~fl phanom'myy' V to place one's hands palm

    -ff~e:J
    o

    chfimyy' V colloq. to point, point one's

    finger.

    to palm in the attitude of adoration or salutation. chfimaajlchfimyy' V e 1 a b. co 11 o q.


    .v

    -ffl~-ff~ eJ

    :W'WL'I.IlJ'J:W'W:JJeJ

    Jt

    Q..l

    <::'J

    mankhtaw'manmyy' to be eaget

    to point, point one's finger.

    to fight; to have a strong urge to do something (with one's hands, or with one's hands and teeth}. Cf. Eng. "to feel like tearing into."

    "' tog'thYl1myy' to come to the hand of, 171n "' blUJeJ


    come into the possession of.
    171 n eJ lJ 1 '\J:l.J eJ tog'juunajmyy' to fall into the hands
    'II
    I "' "'

    :w fJ Ln 1 ( FI'W, :w eJ) myykaw' (khon', myy') N an


    I "'

    of.

    old hand (at some activity}.

    --0 p p.

    iJ fl 1VI~ .

    "' eJ t6nmyy' N idiom. the early phase or 171'W~


    stage; the beginning.
    L171 :W:W eJ tem'myy' to fill the hand, fill the hands;

    ~ fJ'lJ 'd 1 myykhwaa' N 1. right hand. 2. right hand


    man. 3. idiom. something one is good at, something one habitually does (either good or bad}, something that is second nature to one. o
    L!fl L~'W~fl'lJ 'd 1 'lJ fJ

    .. "'

    to be covering the hands, all over one's hands. For examples see cross reference.

    n 1 S rllil

    b 'lJ 1 kaantads?a 1 pen:::

    ~~~fl thYlJmyy' 1. to reach, get to. 2. to get


    into the hands of.
    (H:We:J

    myykhwaa'kh3::>tJkhaw'l * Dressmaking is second nature to her, comes natural to her. She is good

    "'

    (FI,'Il1~)
    'II

    '

    thil.:umyy' (kh11u 1 ,kMan')

    at dressmaking.

    glove, gloves.
    '111 ~ 'IJ 'J 1~fl thaankhw:la'myy' to the right.
    'Yl1~'U1ll:Wfl
    v "'

    ~fl~ myy'dii' V 1. to be a good hand (at some


    activity). N 2. a good hand, a good player. -+Opp. ~flL~'d.
    ~fl LR'U myylt;'}<}b' V 1. to have a lavish hand. sV

    thaansaajlmyy' to the left.

    ti1~eJ

    nammyy' N one's own deed, act, action,

    hand, hands.

    2. with a lavish hand, lavishly, liberally.


    "'

    " o 1711l!L'Wn::::'W1:Wfl~n taajl-phr5nammyy'l11ug'


    0

    :W fJ LlJ ~ 1 myy'pHtaw' V 1. to be empty- handed.

    "'

    to die by the hand of one's own son.

    sV 2. empty-handed; with bare hands; freehand.


    ~ eJ L~ 'J myy'leew' V 1. to be a poor hand (at some

    "' 'W'J:We:J
    A "'

    "' ('W'J) nfwmyy' (niw') N finger.


    A

    bb'U~fl bEEmyy/ V to open up the palm of the hand.


    2. co 11 o q. to extend the palm, stretch out the hand, i.e. to beg.

    activity). N 2. a poor hand, a poor player. --Opp. ~e:J~.

    ~ fJ 1 'd myy'wajl V to be thievish, light- fingered.

    1'Un~e:~ ooogmyy'
    saying goodbye). o

    to wave one's hand (as in

    "' & :Wfl'VI'W~

    ' myynYtJ' V 1. to be first rate. N -2. one

    who makes the first play (as in cards, tennis).

    1'U n1~L'U n~ fl

    ooogmaajlboogmyy' e 1 a b.

    "' ' (FI'W,:Wfl) "' :We:J1'VIH


    d "'

    myymajl (khon',myy')

    N begin-

    co 11 o q. to wave the hand.

    ner, a new hand (at some activity). -+0 p p. ~ 8 b n 1 .


    t.J'W:W eJ j?Ynmyy' V 1. to interfere, intervene.

    lJS'U~fl probmyy' V eleg. to applaud.


    aI

    2.

    uS ::::bii.:W:Wfl pranom'myy' V to place one s hands

    "'

    to offer one's services.


    S 'd :JJ~ eJ rD.ammyy' V to cooperate (with). Fl 'J 1 :JJ- -

    palm to palm in the attitude of adoration or salutation. -+Also

    lJS::::'W:JJ~fl.

    cooperation.

    lJ S::; ~ 1'Wil fJ pras~an'myy' V to clasp one's

    ;'U~e:J rabmyy' V idiom. to encounter, meet,


    confront, counteract (usually in a fight or contest involving the use of the hands).

    hands, knitting the fingers together.


    I "'

    j;J 1:Wfl

    ( 'll 1 ~) fltamyy' (kMan') N palm of the

    hand.

    "' eJ LS' ~ :W

    r~nmyy'

    V to speed up doing one's work.

    W~fl flimyy' N 1. manual skill, craftsmanship.


    2. something prepared with one's own hands.

    ~'l~e:J lonmyy' V idiom. to start, begin, undertake.


    I;1'W~fl 16nmyy' V to be too much, too many to
    handle.
    .., v

    n 1 s - - handicraft, handiwork.
    o

    ~1 ~ W~ eJ

    ( FI'W)

    ch~atJflimyy' (khon')

    N skilled

    !;11lJ~J (~18~fJ,iJ'J, L~'W) laajmyy' N 1. hand-

    407

    :w:w q

    writing (laajmyy'). 2. fingerprint (nfwl). 3. the lines on the palm of the hand (s!:!n').

    ~ n fil1 , ~ n A ( biJ" fil) mugdaat, mug' (medl) N 1. pearl.


    2. moonstone.

    ~n~eJ
    'II

    ( Fl'W) lt1ugmyy' (khon') N helper, assistant.


    ~ll

    1~:wnfil"'.
    q

    See

    1~:wn
    q

    under :wn. q

    ~ n s::; b'iJ li1~ eJ ( ~ n) 11lugraoo8d'myy' (lt1ug') N


    handgrenade.
    bf'l'\J:W1
    "' b~'\J)

    mug' N front porch, portico of a building, front

    .., balcony .
    lebmyy' (leb') N fingernail.
    Vl'W 1~'/J naamug' N front balcony, front porch,

    'J 1 ~ ~ eJ waalJmyy' V idiom. to stop o:c give up

    portico.
    ~~

    doing something.
    'J 11 ~ t1 w~alJmyy' V to be free, unoccupied, have

    mulJ I

    V 1. to roof, be roofed with. 2. to crowd

    around.
    ~~

    one's hands free (e.g. from work).


    Vl:W 1lJ :W'W'\J'W:W tJ
    J.,

    'il 1 n muuca.ag'

    v to be roofed with nipa palm

    ~"'

    maajm~nlp~nmyy'

    e lab. c 011 0 q.
    ~

    leaf thatches.
    ~

    V 1. to resolve, have a strong determination (to do something). 2. to anticipate strongly.

    1 Vi~~ Fl1 mulJ'lalJkhaa' V to roof.

    ~'W:W 1 jyyn'mulJ' V to stand crowding around. q


    :W ~
    q

    Vl~'\J~eJ jlbmyy 1 C a small amount, a pinch (e.g.


    of salt).
    Vl~li1:Wtl
    ov
    .a.~

    mOu' V to aim for.


    I

    o
    v
    ~
    I

    ~.:)

    :W 1 fil mt11Jmaadl V to expect, anticipate, aim

    "'

    ' ludmyy' V to slip from the hand.

    at, aim for.


    "-'

    Vi':! b6:W:WeJ

    ( ~u 1 ~, 'W 'J) htiamtmyy' (khaalJ' nfw')

    N thumb.

    :W 1 S 1lJ m1luniajl V to intend to do harm. 1 v ~ ~1 S 1lJVl:W1lJ'IJ'Jb\) mt11Jr.:iajl-m&ajlkhwan' V elab.

    eJ~l'W~tl

    juunajmyy' 1. to be in the hands (of),

    to intend harm, have bad intentions; to bear malice (toward), bear ill-will (toward).

    under the control (of). 2. to be at hand, on hand, in stock.


    I"' eJlJ:WeJ juu'myy' V idiom. tobeundercontrol,
    'II

    ..,

    ~1Vl'W1

    m1llJnaa' V to head toward determinedly.

    Fl 'J 1:1-J-- determination.


    ~

    in hand.

    1 Vl:W 1lJ m1ltJm<lajl V 1. to have a definite purpose. 2. to aim for.


    Fl'J 1:1-J-- purpose, aim, objective.
    I

    ~ ~ ~ eJ ?Ql]myy' N the depressed, center part of


    the palm (of the hand).
    beJ1:Wlf1'J~ns::;bLJ1
    "' .., +

    o ~A~~Vl:W1lJ
    ~

    (~A,eJlJ11,bbVi1)

    cud'm1ltJm<lajl

    ?awmyy'luaukrapaw' V to
    ~

    (cud', jaalJ' hf.lJ')

    N goal, aim.

    have or put one's hand(s) in one's pocket(s).


    b eJ1:1-J:WeJ ?1ammyy' V to reach out (for), stretch
    J' "'

    1 Vi 'J 1 mt1lJW<ltJ' V to anticipate, expect, intend.

    :W 1 q

    one's hand out (in order to reach something).


    J' :W eJ mYJ'' C elf. for meals .

    ( Vlfl 1) mulJ' (lalJ') N mosquito net. .., n 11~ 1 kaalJmlitJ' V to hang up a mosquito net.
    ~

    o eJ 1Vl1 s {;1 1:1-J~eJ ?aahaan'-saam'm"YY' three meals.


    J-'
    ~fil

    ..,

    1 f1 'J fil muult1ad' N 1. screen, wire screen. 2. screened section or cubicle for sleeping in. mud' V to crawl under, go underneath, pass through (a low opening), burrow into; to duck under.

    :W 0 n f11
    J'
    I

    "--'
    V

    W ( :W eJ) mYJ'klaalJwan' (mYJ'') N lunch.

    .;r

    :WeJF11
    J' ..,

    (rleJ) mYJ'khamt (mYJ'')


    .

    N dinner,evening
    ~'11::;~
    I

    meal.
    :W eJ beJ 1
    J' "

    muthalu?l
    Vl:Wn~'W

    to be hot-headed, rash, impetuous. to be engrossed (in),

    ( :W eJ) mYJ'cMaw' (mYJ'')


    .

    N breakfast.

    ~'W

    in

    mogmt1n' v

    Dli1:Wln'W:WeJ ?odmYJ''kinmYJ'' colloq. to have

    preoccupied (with); to devote one's time and energy exclusively (to).

    something to eat at times and be starving at other times (because of poverty).


    ~

    ~'U:i'l'U

    mubmfbl V colloq. to act in a surrepti-

    mu?l
    I

    c 011 0 q. to try hard, work hard.

    tious manner.
    :w'U:i'l'U Ll as in 't11Ll1n:W'U:i'l'U q q

    ~n ( rl'J) mug' (tua') N pearl oyster.


    1ll~n
    (b:Wl'1,{;11tJ) khajmug' N 1. pearl(med').

    thampaag'mubmfb'

    to work the lips up and down silently. -See also


    Vl:W'UVl:i'l'U,'/J:W'U'IJ:i'l'U q q :W:W q ( :W:W) mum/ (mum') q

    2. (a string of) pearls (saajl). also

    _,.Sometimes

    1~:wnA"'.
    q

    N corner (as of a room);

    408

    angle.
    >J1HJ:J..I conlmuml V idiom. to be cornered,

    LFl1~11 khawmuunl N primary source.


    iJ:J..I6l miimuunl 1. to have a factual basis.
    'IJ

    trapped, at bay.
    '!1n"1ivnrm:w:w thugs~;:,glthugmuml elab. every

    '

    2. there

    in an element or basis of truth. o


    'IJ

    '
    '

    nook and cranny.


    "' v

    ' '

    l~JJ:J.JI1 m~jmiimuunl 'IJ


    element of truth.

    to have no grounds, basis.

    :J..I61 Fl 'd 1:J.J "1 ~ ~ muunlkhwaamciul N basis in truth;

    rJn"1ieJn Ll1n:J..J:W'Weltl thugs~;:,gllegl-mumln:'J;:,jl

    e 1 a b. every little nook and corner, every little nook and cranny.

    '

    :J.JI131'W muunthaanl N 1. foundation, basis.


    'IJ

    2.

    (as n. mod.) fundamental, basic.


    :J.J6loWS muunlnithf?l N foundation, charitable trust.
    'IJ

    :w:wn~LJ mumklabl N 1. reflex angle. 2. antithesis.

    o Al'll 'W:J..J:J..Jn ~LI khfdlnajmumklabl idiom. 1. to take or consider an antithetic point of view. 2. converse! y.
    ~:w

    '

    '

    :J.JI1L'Yl111
    'IJ '

    (elt11i,el'W)

    muunheedl(jaaul,?anl)

    cause, original cause, basic cause.


    A

    :J.J 11 Lb Yl i Fl 'd 1 :J.J "1


    'IJ

    ~ 'l

    muunlhukhwaamciu I

    N basis

    L'l tJ murnuddV N angle of elevation. mumchaagl N right angle.


    ( LL Yl ~ ,
    ~:J..I)
    ~11

    of truth.
    m in
    ~~el:!J~6l

    ~:J..IQ1n
    ~:J..Ibi'W'W

    phr:S;:,mlmuunl sV fully, comeltl 1 i--

    mumlthanonl {hul, mum!)

    pletely, to perfection; in abundance. perfectly, completely.

    N street corner.
    :J..I:J..It! 1 n

    '

    ( 'IJ 1 'l) mumpaagl {kh~aul)

    N corner of

    c.: in
    in

    ~11Fl1

    the mouth.
    ( ~:J..I)

    muunkh~a/ N value,price. '" bL:lJ'W"1J.J6l mtenaammuun/ pN the Mun


    'IJ

    ~:J..I'Ylel ~

    mumh:Jul (mum!)

    N corner of a
    :J..I6l
    'IJ

    River, in E Thailand.
    b
    c;

    room.

    in :J..II1~'W.
    'IJ

    See J.J'W~'W
    'IJ

    under J.J'W
    'IJ

    C9J.

    LL:J..I'l~:J..I,Lb:J..II1'l~:J..I (i'd) m~umuml, mal~eumuml


    (tual) N spider.
    bGi'W'flbbtl 'l :J..I:J..I s@nlthajeeumuml N diagonal line.
    Yl61LI~:J.J

    :J..II1
    'IJ

    'd

    ( f-J'W)

    mOultil (phYJ'nl)
    m~egl(k:l;:,nl)

    N bamboo blind. N cloud. N patch or

    bd-J:!J

    (neJ'W)

    lobmuml V to avoid an unpleasant encoun-

    '

    n el'W L:J.J:!J

    ( n el'W)

    k:J;:,nm~egl {k~bnl)

    mass of clouds.

    ter or situation: "to duck into a (safe) corner."


    :J.J6i1 musaa/

    "' bd-Jlil

    C9J

    med/ N 1. seed, kernel, grain (as of sand).

    '

    lit.,eleg. 1. to be false, be a lie.


    1n'Yln.

    C 2. elf. for seeds, grain, pills, gems, pimples, etc. --See also

    2. to lie. --Syn. 2. See


    ~

    "' bd-J6ll'1.
    temmedltemnuajl e 1 a b.
    1.

    :wn mOugl N mucus.


    'IJ

    "' L:l-Jiilb "" 111:J..I' "' Yl'W 'd tJ L111J.J


    --Syn. capacity.

    'IJ:J..Jn khtimOugl N com.,vulg. snot.


    'IJ,_,

    full, complete. 2. full,y, to the utmost; at full

    '\/1:wn eleg.
    'IJ

    'Wo1:J.Jn n<immOugl N e 1 e g. nasal mucus.


    'IJ~n

    --s y n.

    btJu

    b~fil

    penmedl to be granulated, pimply.

    com.,vulg.

    ~'W"ll1l'1 b~l'1LL6l'd fonl-khiJ.admedllt~w! It has stopped


    raining. N

    :J.J'W
    'IJ 'IJ

    <9J

    muunl N 1. knoll, mound. V 2. to pile up.


    (neJ'l,LLYl~) muundinl(b;:,ul,hul)

    :J.J'W~'W

    ~'W"111 b~fil fonlsaamedl the rain has subsided.


    ~'W6l~ b:J..Ifil

    earth mound. --Also incorrectly written :J.J6l~'W. 'IJ


    :J.J'W 1-'l muunl V to stir coconut cream into (glutinous
    'IJ

    "'

    fonlloumedl it's starting to rain.

    b~ li1 ~ 'W

    medfonl N raindrop.
    ( b~lil) jaamed/ (medl) N (medicinal) pill,

    rice).
    :J.J:J.J:J.J1:J..I muummaaml sV 1. in a sloppy, messy,
    'IJ

    t11 b~l'l

    tablet.

    uncouth manner (of eating). V 2. to eat in a sloopy, messy, uncouth manner.


    ~11
    ~

    L~fil

    1-'l

    in n61L~fil

    (eJt.J1~) konlamedl (jaaul) N


    N 1. kindness, mercifulness. V 2.
    Fl11:W--

    trick.
    '1J
    C9J.

    <9J

    muunl N excrement, dung. -+Syn.


    (neJ'l) muunf5jl (b;:,ul)

    b:J..I1111111

    m~edtaa/

    :J.JI1~eltl
    'IJ

    N rubbish,

    to be kind to; to take pity on. mercifulness.


    b:w 1111111 n; bll, 1
    m~edtaalkarunaal

    kindness,

    refuse, litter, garbage.


    ~61

    1-'l

    muunl N base, origin, source, root.

    to be kind,

    have mercy.

    fl 'J 1:1-J-- mercy, mercifulness,

    6:W 1 6 SeJ'LhJ maw"ryabin/ V to be airsick. 6:W 1 6v'm 1


    mawl~w"

    kindness, kindliness.
    6:Wiil1Jl1~1'1 m~edtaa"cld" N kindheartedness.

    V to be drunk, intoxicated

    {by alcohoL alcoholic drinks).


    6:W 1 v"1'W 1 '1
    mawnamn~ad"

    6:W lil S" med", meed' C meter. [f. Fr.]

    V to be drunk with

    l~6:WIJJ~
    6:WIJJ ~n

    (el'W) maajmed', maajmeed" (?an')

    power.
    6~'W maan' V to turn away.

    meter stick. medtrlg"* metric. [f. Eng.]

    6~'W 6 8'u b 61eJ::: maan'siatha?"l You haven't got


    a chance. You had better give up the idea.
    6:W'W 6 61t:J 6 61A'l'l 6 ~ 1 '1::; 6'IJ eJ maan" s iatha?/ -thtiraw"::::
    A

    :W 1IJl s-1 6:Wiil ~n m~adtraa"medtrlg" N metric

    <'>

    system.
    6 :W'W
    v ( IJl 'J )

    m~n/

    *(tua") N porcupine.

    cach9a"l Don't ever expect us to believe {it).


    6~'W'Vl'W 1 maannaa" V to turn the face away, look
    t

    6 :w:w mem"*

    to fold the edge or border in.

    "' 6:J.J:J.Jt/1 n mempaag" v to fold or pull one s lips


    inwards, compressing them.
    6:1-JU. See 6QU6:WU. 6iJ lJ

    away.
    ( fi'W)

    mia" (khon")

    N com. wife.

    -s y n.

    Jlnt:J1 eleg.

    6 :Wi;J mee" mail. [f. Eng.]


    ~

    rlJ 6dJlJ
    N bus.

    tuamia/ N female.

    -+Usually of nonhumans.

    S" 61 6 :J.Ji;J 6 SeJ 6:W Sl

    ( fi'W)
    a'

    r6dmee" {khan')

    -Dist.

    female {of people). -+Opp.

    ( i;l"1) ryamee/ (lam')

    N a scheduled
    ~ "' o :W11il'l 6:1-Jtl maa"tuamia" N mare.

    passenger motorboat, steam passenger ferry.

    6:W~Ii1 ( 6:W~Ii1) maled" (maled') N seed. -+See


    also 6 ~IJI.

    'W eJ ~ 6il tJ

    ( fi'W)

    n5;)umia' {khon")

    N brother- or

    sister-in-law {of a man in ref. to his wife's yg. brother or sister): "wife's younger sibling."

    6:W~Ii1~ 6d (6:W~l91) maled"phtyd"{maled") N


    seed, plant seed.
    6:W"ee-1 U'W mee" saajon/ N April. 6 ~ e:I'W- -

    ~'l6dJtl (fl) phliamia"(khfiu") N com. husband 'IJ


    idem. and wife, married couple. -+Syn. eleg.
    611JJJlS"HI1

    -+The names of all the months are listed under

    6~e:I'W.
    6:W 1 maw' V 1. to be drunk, intoxicated. 2. to be

    ~A~'l~A 6JJlJ phldphua"phldmia" V to commit


    adultery.

    affected with motion sickness (e.g. seasick, carsick).


    .'Y

    ~A 6JJtl phldmia/ V to commit adultery with


    another's wife.
    'Vl6:WlJ
    d ""

    fi'W--

    one who is drunk (at the given


    fi'W 'V 6:W 1 drunkard .
    .'\-'

    time); contrasts with

    (fi'W)

    phti/mia" (khon") N brother- or

    'U6:W1 khtimaw" V 1. tobegiventodrunkenness,

    sister-in-law (of a man in ref. to his wife's older brother or sister). "wife's older sibling."
    "' U 6n '" 'U 6:W

    to be a drunkard; to be habitually drunk. 2. to be given to motion sickness. ard; contrasts with


    fl 11 :W-v
    I

    fi'W-- drunk-

    ( fi'W)

    miakeb" {khon") N mistress;

    fi'W 6:W 1 one who is drunk.

    illicit wife; secret minor wife or concubine. -Syn.

    drunkenness. N intoxicating

    6JJlJ~'U.
    (fi'W)

    'W"1 6:W 1

    ( eJ U1 ~ ) nammaw" {jaau")

    6JJlJ'WeJlJ

    mian5;)j/{khon")

    N com. minor

    beverage (usually undistilled).


    ~

    wife; second, third, or other additional wife; concubine. -+Syn. Jlnt11'We:ltl


    6iJ lJ ~'U ( Fl'W)

    :W 'l 6:W 1 muamaw" V to be addicted (to). possessed

    eleg.

    {by), crazy (about).

    mial<ib" (khon") N mistress; illicit -+S y n.

    ~'\.l b:W 1 mynmaw" V to be drunk, intoxicated.


    b:W1fi'1'W mawkhltyn" V to be seasick. 6:W1U1 mawjaa' V to be drugged, doped, intoxid

    wife; secret minor wife or concubine.


    biJU b tl'U.

    6iJtJ'Vli;l'l~

    (Fl'W)

    miali:iau' {khon")

    N principal

    cated with drugs.


    6:W 1 S" 61 mawr6d" V to be carsick.

    wife, first wife.


    6JJlJ 1 miau" V 1. to approach stealthily. 2. to

    6:w 1 6 eJ mawrya"

    to be seasick.

    glance stealthily.

    410
    ~:Wtl ~

    mtau" N fermented leaves of wild tea plants (used for chewing in place of betel in N Thailand).

    b:We:Jl'Vls m'9araj/. Variant form of


    ~:We:JeJ1'111iWneJ'IJ

    .J
    d

    .J

    L:We:Jls.

    cr'l

    m'9a?aathid'k;)on' last week.

    d d tJ ~ ~:We:J jtu"m'9a:::: especially when.

    :W eJ m'9a' C 1. elf. for a time, times. Cj 2. when. Pp 3. at, in (of past time only).
    .... d

    bJJe:Jn m'9ag' N slime, mucilaginous substance.

    ~ D'W ~ l'J eJ n penm'9ag/ to be slimy, mucilaginous.


    ~

    o :W1lt71'11n ~:We:J maadAaj'thugm'9a" you can come

    d "' 8 eJ ~ :W eJ n j'9am'9ag' N mucous membrane .

    any time.
    'tim~ ~:We:J
    I

    ~l'Je:J~

    ( ~l'Je:J~) myau" (myau')

    N com. 1. town,

    khana?"m'9a' at the moment when.


    t~om'9a"

    city. 2. country.
    1.

    n1s-- (seebelow). -Syn.


    '\Js~

    ll1 eJ ~ :W eJ

    .J

    1. when, only when, at the time

    'WAS eleg. 2.

    b'Yifl

    eleg.

    that. 2. until, until later when.

    NOTE. A list of elegant names of countries is shown under '\J S ~ ~ 'Ylfl. names use
    ~

    lw ~:We:J
    .J
    d
    I

    najm'9a' when, in the event that. before, previously.

    In every case the common

    ~:we:Jnel'IJ m'9ak~on/ ~:We:Jn


    ~

    "' eJ :W

    in place of '\J S ~ b '11 fi .

    m'9akti/ a moment ago, just now.


    ~~

    n '11 ~ Ll'J eJ ~ klaau myau' in public, in the open;

    o
    d

    ~:we:Jn'W

    m'9aktinl:i/ idem.
    0

    public, civil. 61 ~ Fl s 1 :w n '11

    L:We:Jn m'9akii" colloq. a moment ago, just now.

    :::

    ~ 6 l'J eJ ~

    ( Fl

    s'e~ )

    soukhraam'klaau::::

    o L:We:Jn'IJ m'9akfinfi/ idem. L:W eJ A H m'9akhniu' at the time when.


    L:WeJAn'J m'9akhraaw" at the time when. L:W eJ A'IJ'IJ m'9akhyyn'nii/ last night. L:We:JA'IJ'J'IJ'YI &
    d "' .., J
    m'9akhyyn"wanthtih~a/

    :::~

    myau' (khrau') civil war.


    n1s 6l'Je:J~ kaanmyau" N politics; political affairs. 'IJ n - - politician.
    0

    d
    d

    l;

    "'

    '11'\.J 'l ~ n 1 s bl'J eJ 1 thabuau /kaanmyau I

    N political

    on the

    bureau. o 'W s s Fl n 1 s bl'J eJ ~


    ( 'W s s Fl)

    night of the fifth.


    L:W eJ A'IJ 'J TW m'9akhyyn'waan' the night before last.
    d "'

    pMg'kaanmyau' (phag')

    N political party.
    O'IJ bl'J eJ ~ kinmyau' V to rule, govern (a subject

    o b:We:JA'IJ'J1'1J'IJ m'9akhyyn'-waan"nii'
    d
    v

    "'

    idem.

    L:We:J b'tf1 m'9achaaw' this morning (prior to the

    city, state). 6'IJ 1 6 eJ ~ k:hawmyau" to immigrate. o l711'1J6'1J16l'Je:J~

    present).
    d
    v
    ~

    to enter a country or town; person entering a country

    o L:We:Jb'tf1'1J m'9achaaw"nii' idem.


    L:We:J1l'l m'9adaj/ when; whenever.
    d
    v

    Fl'IJ--

    or town; immigrant .

    ...

    L:We:Jlll'IJ m'9atan::::
    d
    ~;y

    in the beginning of, in the early

    (l'l1'W)

    daan'kMwmyau' (daan")

    part of (e.g. the year, ref. to the past).


    b:We:Jlll~n'W

    N immigration office or post (at the point of entry).


    bl 'IJ n bl'J eJ ~
    I

    m'9ataktinfil a moment ago, just now.

    L:I-J eJ ll1 ~ n 'IJ m'9atakfinfi/ colloq. idem.

    :::~

    ( Fl'W, '111'W) khh:gmyau" (khon", than')

    L:W e:J'\.J 1 tJ m'9aooaj' in the afternoon, this afternoon. Lrle:Ji1nf!18 m'9apiiklaaj' last year (the preceding

    N an official foreign visitor.

    Fl'Wii11~ bl'Je:J~

    (Fl'W) khon'taaumyau' (khon')

    year).
    L:W eJ Ltl'IJ m'9ajen/ this evening, this late afternoon
    l'i.l

    foreigner, stranger, esp. a person from another locality.


    I C4

    ..

    (prior to present).
    L:We:J LS 'J "] 'IJ m'9arewrew'nfi/ just recently. L:We:Jls m'9araj'* 1. when? atwhattime? 2. any
    .J
    d ..
    v
    I

    ~'\.J1'1J~b:We:J~

    khQuMan'khOumyau' elab. national;

    ..

    ;y

    characteristic of the country, particularly associated with the country .


    b:;:: 1 bl'Je:J~ ( Fl'W, eJ ~ Fl) cawmyau" (khon', ?ou')
    .-

    time, whenever. -Also b:We:Jl'Vls. o L:We:Jlsnll'l m'9araj'k~d~aj' at any time, any time will do .
    b:w eJ 'J 'IJ n e:J'IJ m'9awank;)on' the other day. L:W eJ 'J 1 'IJ m'9awaan/ yesterday.
    d
    d

    ruler of a city or country (?ou'. if royal).

    'tf1'1J~l'Je:J~ (m1~)
    'tf1t1 ~ne:J~.
    6

    chaanmyau'(htu")

    N theout-

    .J

    "-'

    skirts of a city or town, environs. -Dist.

    ;y

    o L:We:J'J1'1J'IJ m'9awaan'nii/ idem.

    d18 ~:WEJ ~

    "'

    ( ll'Vl1)

    chaajmyau' (htu")

    N the edge

    411 of town, i.e. the inside edge of a city or town. -?udsaa/- (myau/)
    b:lJ eJ 1 b eJ n

    bbl-1

    N an industrial city.

    ___,. D i s t.
    'li'l 'J bJ'l eJ ~

    'li TW bJ'l eJ ~ ( A'W) chaawmyau/ (khon/)

    ( b:Jj eJ 'l ) myau?eeg/ (myau/) N principal

    N native,

    province, city, town (esp. from the viewpoint of strategic importance).


    L!JeJ'l el1'WeJt.J myau/haan::>::>j/ pN Hanoi, a city in

    native inhabitant; townspeople.


    li1 eJ'W b!1 eJ ~ d::>::>nmyau/ pN Don Muang international

    airport N of Bangkok.
    'U 'l'W b fl A bJ'l eJ ~ 'W eJ'W ~ank88d/myaun::>::>n/ N e lab.

    Vietnam.

    ~ 'J b!J eJ 'l ( ~'J b:Jj eJ ~ ) hilamyau/ (hilamyau/) N


    provincial town.
    L:W eJ tJ
    d
    m~aj/

    colloq. motherland, homeland, native country. -+Syn. iJIIIJl~.


    9 'U

    -co mp. 'U 1'W'WeJn.

    V to be stiff and sore (as from unaccus-

    'U'l'Wb!JeJ~ ~anmyau/ N country, the country.


    'I'H1 b!J eJ ~

    tomed exercise); to be tired, stiff (of muscles). F1 'J 1 :W- d


    d

    ( A'W) phonlamyau/ (khan/)

    N population. native.

    stiffness (of muscles) . V to feel stiff and sore.

    .;y "' '1'1'W b:W eJ


    0

    phjynmyau / native, local. A'W- -

    ._,
    ._,

    L:W eJ tJ 'tJ li1

    m~ajkhad/

    "' eJ "1 'li 'l 'J '4' 1'1'W b:W

    ( A'W) chaawphjynmyau/ (khon/)

    bl-1 eJ tJ lil 'J m~ajtua/ V to have a muscular fatigue

    N native, native inhabitant.

    all over the body.


    d ...,
    m~ajlaa/

    b!leJHl~fllil'l, L!leJHl~rllillil'l myau/kalkataa/, -kal:::


    lakataa/, - kankadtaa/, myau/kanlakadtaa/, - kan::: la /pN Calcutta.
    bb:W

    bl-1 eJ tJ ~ 1

    V to be tired, fatigued, stiff

    and sore.
    ( A'W)
    m~e/

    (khon/)

    N 1. com. mother. P 2.

    b!J eJ 'l rl'J ~ 'l :W L'll eJ ~ my au /kualaalamp88/ pN Kuala

    a'

    you, she, her, Mother (sp. to or of one's mother); I, me, Mother (mother sp. to child}. T 3. title used in front of the first names of girls or, in certain circumstances, of women. T 4. eleg. title used before the names of pets.
    I

    Lumpur, capital of the Federation of Malaya.


    "' . b:WeJ'l'tJ'W "' ( b:WeJ~) myaukh~n/ (myau/)

    N colony,

    dependency, subject country.

    b!JeJ~~'W ( b!JeJ~,llV!~) myauciin/ pN 1. com.


    China (myau/). 2. Chinatown (hen/).

    -s y n.

    1.

    -s y n.

    :W1Sli11 eleg.

    -Opp.

    'WeJ,

    q.v.

    1. 'll~::-: bl1A~'W

    eleg.

    NOTE. The word bll.J has a number of special uses, as listed below.
    1. As the first member of a compound with

    LJ'l eJ 'l 'li ~ myauchon/ pN colloq. Chonburi. LiJeJ'llil'l'W ( biJeJ~) myaudaan/ (myau/)

    N border

    the special sense of "female engaged in such and such an occupation," as in


    LLl.JFl1 mtekhlla'

    town.
    b~ eJ ~ '111

    ( L!J eJ ~ ) myautMa/ (myau/) N seaport

    "woman shopkeeper, vendor."

    -See

    Fl'\J "'.

    town.

    2. As the first member of a compound with the special sense of "master of, head of," as

    dl eJ 'll 'tllJ
    b 8 'l 'W eJ n

    myauthaj/ N com. Thailand.

    -s y n.

    in

    LL~rl'W mtethlllY' "general, commander-in3. As the first element in

    1.h::-: Lllr'llm.J eleg.

    chief." -see A'\J "'.

    rJ

    myaun~::>g/ N foreign country, abroad

    LL~J1

    mtenllam'

    "river," and in the names of certain rivers,

    (esp. of western countries).


    0

    as in

    LL~hH mtekhOou' "the Maililong R."

    l 'll b!1 eJ 'l 'W eJ n paj/myaun~::>g/ to go abroad. b!1 eJ ~ 'W eJ n b!1 eJ 'l 'W 1 myaun5::>g/myaunaa/ N e lab.
    colloq. foreign country, abroad (usually the U.S. A. or in Europe).

    4. As the first element in certain place names, as

    hqngsqn" and
    sariang.''

    LL~ ~~ '618'\J mteh~us5:m' "MreLL~61~ L ~EH mtesariau' "Mre-

    5. In compound names for certain contrivances or devices, as


    LLl.JLL~'

    L!leJ~J1'l;~ myau/j~aukllu/
    Co'
    lLI

    mtereeu' "jack,
    "magnet."

    pN Rangoon.

    ,::',!

    crane" and

    LL~L'fl~n mtd~g'
    ~'l LL~i:J 8

    b:w eJ ~ ~ eJ'W

    ( b :w eJ 'l ) myaur:S::>n/ (myau/) N tropical

    6. In the words ~'l LLl.J L'Ill hOamtetMaw' "big toe" and hllamtemyy' "thumb."

    country. l !1 eJ ~ V!Wl 'l


    ( b eJ ~ ) myauluan/ (myau/)

    rJ

    N com.

    AU\bb:W khunmte/ P e l.e g. 1. you, she, her, Mother


    9

    capital (of a country or state). el eg. l !1 eJ ~


    e:1
    9

    -s y n.

    ~ 1 'li 5 1 'i1
    I

    (sp. to or of one's mother). N 2. mother (of someone).


    I

    Iii Gi 1 V!n

    n :w ( L:W eJ ~ ) myau/?usaa/hakam/,

    '1'1 eJ bl:W

    ( A'W)

    ph:b/m~e/

    (khon/) N parents: "father

    bbJ.J

    412

    and mother." -+S y n.


    ,'II

    il Jill J.J 1 ~Jill

    e 1 e g.,

    "Menam" {from the Thai word for "river") in books in English about Thailand.
    o

    "' t:.ID~bfllilb1l~1 eleg.


    mtdcbo:u' pN Mreklong (Me Klong),
    61 ~'IU 61 ~A~ 1 J.J

    bbJ.Jll~eJ~

    bb~J1v
    ,..,

    mtenaamchii' pN the Chi (Ji) River,

    colloquial name for in C Thailand.

    a township

    a tributary of the Mun R. in NE Thailand.


    o bl:W'W'1~J:w'l'l ~ mtenaamchumphoon' pN the

    , ...

    o bb:W'll1bb:W1l ~ eJ ~ mtenaammtekbo:u' pN the


    Mreklqng (Me Klong) River in C Thailand.
    bb:W1lb1Jbb'l
    '

    Chumphqn River, inS Thailand.


    I"-' I

    '

    o bb:W'W,1'W 1'W mtenaamnAan' pN the Mrenan (Me


    Nan), a tributary of the Chaophraya River in N

    ( ~ll, lileJll) mtekuncee' (lfiug', d~og')


    'U

    N lock, padlock.

    Lb~ln' ( M'J) mteka.jl

    (tua')

    N hen.

    , ... c bb:W'W' 1'U 1 ~ LJ:::: n ~


    o lbJ.J'W'1LJ 1 ~n
    I"-' I

    Thailand. --Also bb:W'W 1'W. mtenaambaaupakou 1 pN the

    bb~L '1.1 ~

    mtekhi5otJ' pN 1. the Mrekhong (Mekong)

    Bangpakong, a river in C Thailand. mtenaampaasag' pN the Pasak River.

    River, which forms a part of the border between Thailand and nations to the E. N 2. the brand name of a liquor made in Bangkok. -+Also 1.

    bb~JTO ~
    land.

    mtenaampiu' pN the Mreping (Me Ping),

    a tributary of the Chaophraya River in N Thai-

    u~J11'1.1~.
    lb:WA
    ~A

    ,..,

    ---Also

    bl~ll ~

    1 mtekho:ukhaal N 1 it. the goddess of

    o bb:W'W'1:W~ '\!

    mtenaammuun' pN the Mun River in

    the waters.

    E Thailand.

    bl~A S'J
    bl:WA 1

    , ...

    ( A'W) mtekhrual (khon')

    N (female) cook.

    o bbJ.J'W,1bl:W1l ~ eJ i

    mtenaammtekbou' pN the

    '"'

    ( A'W) mtekhaa' (khon') N (woman) mer-

    Mreklqng (Me Klong) River in C Thailand.

    , ...

    chant, shopkeeper, street vendor; market woman.


    bl:W~tl!

    o bb:W'W'11J:W mtenaamjom' pN the Mreyom (Me


    Yom), tributary of the Chaophraya River in N Thailand.
    IV

    mtekhunl P you, used in addressing a girl

    or a young woman, equiv. to "my dear girl" or "my dear young lady."
    I I

    ---Also bl:W IJ :W

    o lb:W'W'1~')'f\J ~ mtenaam'l6bburiil pN the Lopburi


    River inC Thailand.

    bbJ.J Ll'lJ 1 bb:W'YI'I'l


    ~

    ( A'W)

    mtethAwl (khonl) N an aged woman. mteth.ibl (naajl,khon') N gen-

    '

    , ...

    ('W11J,A'W)

    o bl:W'W'11'i

    mtenamwau' pN the Mrewang (Me


    ~

    eral, commander in chief, leader of an army.


    I
    ~

    Wang), a tributary of the Chaophraya River in N Thailand.


    lq,.,

    bl:W'YI'WVl'J (1) mte'thuunhUal, (2) mtethuun'hual


    'U

    --Also
    q,.,

    ll:W1 '1.
    V
    I

    N 1. godmother. 2. beloved girl, adorable girl.


    bl:W 6 H'V. mtethoo'raniil N goddess of the earth. Lb:W'W:W ( A'W) mtenoml (khon')
    'Wl~'W:W

    o ~:Wblli'W'1 (~11l,lii1'W,'J1i,lb'\!l~) (fAag', dAan', kMau'. hf:u') of a river.

    rim'mtenaam/

    N river bank, edge

    N com. wet

    bb:W'W'1

    nurse. --+syn. '"'


    ( 6111J)
    IV

    eleg.

    ~'1lb:J..J'W'1
    ~

    ....

    ( 611fJ)

    lam'mtenaam' (saajl) N river.

    mten.iaml (saajl) N river.


    I

    lb:J..J'\J i b ll 171 b 1l ~ 1

    ( A'W)

    mte 1 - bauk88dl klAawl (khon')


    I

    o 'lJ 11l Lb:W'W'1 ( bl'\!l ~ ) paag'mtenaam' (h'E::u')


    mouth of a river, estuary.
    J..,
    I

    N one's real mother (as opposed to bb:W b ~t:J ~

    q,.,

    J.;

    , ...

    stepmother).
    ( A'W)

    e-1 .!l bbJ.J'W'1

    UH ) fa:u'mtenaam' (fa:u') N river


    mtenaamkhoo:u' pN the Mrekhong ---Also

    bb:W'U 1'W

    mteMan 1 (khon')

    N housewife.

    bank. o

    bl:W~bl! S ~ ~ :W

    ( A'W)

    mte'buntham' (khon') N foster

    bl~J11 'IJ ~
    , ...
    ,..,

    mother.
    I "-'

    (Mekong) River.

    bl~ 1'1.1 ~

    ll:J.J b'IJLJ bb:J.Jbb'U'U bb:J.Jt:j'J


    ~

    mtebta' N hood {of a snake).

    o bb:W'W'1A ~ mtenaamkho:u' pN the Salween River. o bbJ.J'W'1A ~A 1 mtenaamkho:ukhaa' pN the Ganges River. o bbJ.J'W'1 b 'l1'1'l ~:::: IJ 1 mtenaamcAwphrajaa' pN the
    v

    mtebE:ebl model, pattern.


    (A'W)

    mtephO.al (khon') N (woman's)

    mother- in-law.
    v

    '"'

    bb:J.J:WJil bb:J..JIJ1LI

    (A'W) (A'W)

    mtem6d' (khon') N witch, sorceress.


    mtejaajl (khonl) N (man's) mother-

    Chaophraya (Chao Phya)R., at whose mouth Bangkok is situated. NOTE. Generally called

    in-law.

    bbd-J
    I

    413
    c;

    bbd-J b s-

    e:rw ( Fl'W)
    ~

    m~eryan'

    (khan')

    N female head

    m.J ~

    ( !il'd)

    mee:u'. me:u' (tua')

    N colloq. insect.

    of a family; housewife.
    I

    --Syn. LbmH N 1. jack, crane.


    bbd-J 'I bbd-J ~ '!

    com.; in cpds. eleg. NOTE.

    bbd-JbbS" '!

    ( 8'W)

    m~eree:u'

    (?an')

    is a colloquial class term for insects and is the corresponding common or elegant
    bbd-J ~ is a common class term

    2. (moral) support, mainstay (used of a woman who stands behind a man in what he does).
    I I
    ~

    term. In addition

    Ud-J~
    'U

    n 8 e:J'W
    :!/

    ( Fl'W, WJ)

    m~dQug?~::m'

    (khan', tual)

    for some aquatic invertebrates; see 2nd and 3rd subentries.


    bb:l-J ~ n::; b6 '11

    N nursing mother (tua' for animals).


    I

    bl:l-Jl6'1t:H

    (Fl'W) mtdfa:u' (khan')

    N stepmother,

    me:ukathte' N a kind of bug, known for

    foster mother.
    I

    its distinctive odor when crushed (Pentatomidae).


    bb:l-l-!ln::;'WS"'W
    9

    c>

    Ud-JGi::; b S rJ ~

    mtesaria:u'. mte'saria:u' Mresariang,

    me:ukaphrunl N jellyfish (Medusae). me:udaa' N 1. king crab or

    a town in NW Thailand.

    bb:l-l ~ lil1

    ( !il'd , Fl'W)

    bb~ ~ eJ
    bb~ b ~ eJ

    ( Fl'W)

    mtes}ry' (khan')

    N female go-

    horseshoe crab (tua'). 2. water bug (tua'). 3. vulg. gigolo (khan').


    bbJ.J ~ LJ eJ
    I

    between (usually one acting as matchmaker).


    ( Fl'W)

    mtesyal (khan') N tough woman,

    me:up;);)l N c o ll o q. dragonfly.
    me:up~:u'

    esp. one who is given to bawling people out.


    bbd-JV!'W mtenilu' P 1. you, she, her (sp. to or of a
    'U

    bb:l-l ~ LJ eJ ~ bb:l-J
    ~ :J_J :J_J
    9
    ~

    N colloq. scorpion.

    me:umuml N colloq. spider. me:uwan' N colloq. fly, housefly. me:uwli/ N colloq. fruit fly.

    little girl). T 2. Miss--, little Miss--.


    1

    bbd-J ~ TW bb:l-J ~ Vl'd


    ~

    bbd-JV!d-J 1 rJ

    ( Fl'W)

    mtem~ajl

    (khan')

    N widow.
    Lb:l-l

    '" n mtdeg' N magnet. bbd-J bVl~


    I I

    ~~

    me:ulag'* N a variety of sweet basil used in

    bbd-J el8

    'Iii el'W

    mteh~:us:"bn'

    pN Mrehqngsqn, a town-

    cookery.
    bbd-J'W m~nl* V to be accurate, correct, exact, precise.

    ship inN Thailand.

    Vl'dbb~b;1 (~'d)
    v

    huamtetMaw' (nfw')
    ~

    N eleg.

    '!Tmb~'W~'W
    shooter.
    ~~
    I

    (A'W)

    nag'mtnpyyn' (khan')

    N sharp-

    bigtoe. --Syn.
    I~
    .}'

    Vl'dbb:l-Jlil'W

    I""

    com.,vulg. N thumb.

    Vl'Jbbd-Jd-Je:J

    ('W'd) hilam~emyy' (niw')

    J.-

    b1J'Wbbd-J'Wd-J'W bbd-J'WEJ"1

    penmtn'm~n/

    surely, absolutely.

    bbd-J mte 1 Cj

    even though, even if.

    mtnjam' sV 1. accurately, clearly, vividly,

    well. V 2. to be accurate, correct. Fl11:W-stipulation.


    611 bbd-J th.1amee' but if, if.

    N accuracy, precision. NOTE. bb:l-J'WEJ'1

    is

    chiefly used to describe the memory, remembering something.


    bbJJ'W
    0J
    !J

    ~~ bbd-J ( 11) thY:umee'(w~a:::) even if, even though,


    although .
    .!,

    'IJ

    mten' Cj even though, even if.

    blJ-JnS"::;IJ~

    meekrath~:u'

    Cj

    1. evenwhen. Pp2.

    bbJJ'W

    me en'

    V lit. to resemble, look like, be

    even.
    bbd-Jn s- ::;'W'W mtekranan' however, yet, nevertheless. bbd-J "I::; meeca:::
    v

    similar to.
    bb:W'W"l b SEJ
    'U

    :!!

    meencuuria/ pN Manchuria. [f. Eng.]


    :We:J:wbb:W:l-J m;)mmem'* V to be dirty, covered

    even though.
    ~

    bb:W:W in

    bbd-J ( ) "I::; n lil1:l-J mte( ... )ca::: ... -k:Jtaam/

    with dirt, dusty and dirty, filthy, bedraggled, besmirched.

    even if, notwithstanding.


    v
    1

    bb:l-Jbllil meeth:::
    ~ I

    Pp even.
    .
    I

    bb:l-J~~
    v

    (!il1) li11- -

    malee:u' (tua')
    --s y n. bb:l-J
    bb:l-J~ ~

    N com. insect. --Also

    bb:l-!11 ( n li11:l-J) bblil

    mee'w~a::: ...

    (k:Jtaam') no matter o

    colloq. NOTE. In some

    -+tee::: ...

    even though ... ,still ... ;


    Cl

    compounds
    I ~

    is e leg. N insec-

    still. . . . __..Also
    bld-Jn n 1eU'W (

    l;H - - .

    EJ1';1J11i11Lb:l-l~'l

    jaa'-kh~a'tuamalee:u'

    iM'\J'U' b ~:w)

    mtgkaasiinl* (chababl, l@ml)

    ticide.
    bbJJ~~LJ8
    I

    N magazine. [f. Eng.]


    bb:l-lnn 1eU'WJl1'W megkaasiin'pMab' N pictorial

    malee:up;);)' N eleg. dragonfly. N e leg. scorpion.

    bl:W ~ ~ LJ eJ 1 malee:up:J:u 1
    bl,:l-J~'l~

    magazine.

    malee:uphCu' N eleg. carpenter bee.

    414

    o VlellJbb:lJ6HJl hojmaleq]phllu' N eleg. irides'll

    of a total absence or suspension of reason when committing a sin, a wrongdoing).

    cent sea mussel.


    bb:J.J~ ~ :J.J:J.J
    9

    maleeu 'mum! N e leg. spider.


    ~

    L:lJL'Vl mooMo' V 1. to be angry, angry with. N 2.

    o 'll!bb:lJ~~:lJ:lJ (1lJ, b~'W) jajlmaleeumum' (jajl, 9


    s~nl)

    anger;usually
    9

    A'J1:lJ--.

    -Syn. n~'l

    '-'

    roy.,

    N eleg. spider web, cobweb.

    LnH,Q'W corn., L'Yl~::: L:lJLVl;1lJ

    eleg.

    bb:lJ~ ~

    'J'W maleeuwan' N e leg. fly, housefly.

    rnooh6oraajl V to be very bad-tempered,

    bb:lJ~~~TU
    bb:J.J~~Vl'J
    d

    maleeusaabl N eleg. cockroach. maleeuwlil N eleg. fruit fly.


    b'Vl:WlJ'J.

    susceptible to violent anger.

    1~ m~jl
    N owl.

    AA not.
    NOTE 1. This word is often used together with other adverb-auxiliaries. In such combinations it usually comes first, e.g.

    bb:J.J'J

    (!ii'J) meew'(tua') Neat. -+Comp.

    'W n bA1 bb:J.J 1

    ..,

    ( !ii'J) n6gkMwmeew' (tual)

    l~A0t!, l~vtJ1n~~,

    bb:J.J'J'W'1 ( rl'J) meewnaaml (tual)


    ~

    N seal, sea lion. N house cat.

    and many others listed below. In certain instances, however, it regularly follows the other adverb-auxiliaries, e. g.

    bb:J.J'J'U 1'W

    (Iii 'J) meewMan/ (tual)

    ' bb:lJ'J'tJ1

    (rl'J) meewpaa' (tua')

    N wildcat, leop-

    ~ ~ l~, fl' ~ ~ l~, JJn'l~l~. ~mJ~~l~. 5,1~, L~'W~~l~; see

    ard cat.

    these below. NOTE 2. Expressions meaning "cannot" are

    bb:J.J'J8~'J1fil (rl'J) meew'slisawaad' (tua') N


    a bluish gray cat native to Thailand.
    bb:J.J'J m.Swl* N Meo (or Miao), a tribe of hill people
    very numerous. The most general term is

    l~l; mAjdAaj";

    1st example. The expression

    in N Thailand.

    l~ bU'W mAjpen/ means "cannot" in the sense


    of not knowing how; 2nd example. The expression

    L~ ( ~ n, 1'U) 'U

    m6ol V 1. to grind, mill. N 2. mill

    l~l V!'l mAjwilj" means "cannot" in the

    (lfiugl, bajl).

    sense of being physically unable; 3rd example. Other expressions make use of other verbs after

    L~

    m6ol V colloq. to boast, brag.

    l~.

    These verbs usually suggest some

    L:J.J'JJ:::, L:lJ'JJ mookha?l eleg. void, invalid, useless. bU'W L:lJ'JJ::: penmookha?l to be void, invalid, useless.

    result that might have been expected from the action of the primary verb, but which does not follow because of some condition which makes that result impossible; 4th-7th examples. Ex-

    L:J.J~ moou' C colloq. o'clock. -+Must be used


    with a preceding numerative except that "one" may sometimes be omitted. -Syn. 'W1~n1 el eg.

    pressions of this type may indicate either an actor's inability to perform a given action (4th example), or the impossibility of the action's being performed (6th example). Occasionally the expression functions as a secondary verb; 7th example.
    0

    n't:J.J~ (1) klimoou 1 ; (2) klimoou'~ colloq. 1. at


    what time? 2. What time is it?
    ti'J L:J.J~ chfiamoou' C hour.
    J,

    t:Jl.ll1J;1~J1l~h~bm1"<'i'W~n
    ming because it's raining.

    phOm/pajwAaj:::

    o Vlnti'JL:J.J~ hog'chfiamoou' sixhours.

    J,

    naam/mAjd!taV- phdfontog/j I can't go swim-

    ~ 1lJ 't:w ~

    ooajmoou' one o'clock in the afternoon,

    t:Jm'1uJ1l~vilvlY1n"l~iJ1Al8v'Wl~

    phOm/-

    1 P.M.

    w!tajnaam/mftjpen/- phr5m!tjmiikhraj/s3::mMV j I can't (don't know how to) swim because I had

    ~1lJ~EHL:lJ~ baajs~;Jumoou 1
    afternoon, 2 P.M .
    .., d

    two o'clock in the


    o

    no one to teach me how.

    W~~1UJ1~81~1~1~JL~~1~L~~8U~1nLb;1
    ph/\m/ -w!tajnaam/ -t~:::>paj/m!tjwllV- phr:SnyaV::: m!taglb:w/ j I can't swim any further because I'm very tired.

    't:J.J~ Lti1, Vl'W~-- moouchaaw', n"Yumoouchaaw'


    seven o'clock in the morning, 7 A.M.

    ~el~L:J.J~

    bJ1 so;JumooucMaw' eight o'clock in

    fJl.I:Wu'l~b~'Wb~>n~l'lA

    ph/\mm:::>:::>!J/mftjMn/-

    the morning, 8 A.M.

    phr5m9yd/ j I can't see because it's dark. o tJqJ'VlTJ'W bUViJ1]!V11~bb;l~Mn panhi'!anan/ penpan:::: Ma/-thtikt/m!tjtog/j The problem is an unsolvable one: "one which is unsolvable." o l'W'W'W~VllJJMA faVnan/ cud/m!tjtld/j The fire won't light: "can't be lit."
    ~ ~

    VlnL:J.J~
    Vln

    bod1 hogmoouchaaw' six o'clock in the

    morning, 6 A.M.

    L:J.J~ b~'W hogmooujen' six o'clock in the evening, 6 P.M.

    b~nAuJ;w'l.i'Wbb;l~V11U

    deg/khonnan/ son/-kt/:::

    L:J.J'Vl:::, L:J.J'Vl mooha?/ N lit. passion {in the sense

    m!tjMaVI That child is incorrigibly naughty.

    415

    rl'W l~ b ;1 kin'm~jkM.w' can't eat (it), can't get


    (it} down; to be inedible.

    o tJ J:J.Jbb'Wlliltl 1:J.J:J.J L Hl'W 1'U j::>::>mphtE:'-doojm~jmii/::::


    q.,

    :u9ankhaj/ to surrender unconditionally.

    lbf~l~mn ktE:'m~jtog'

    can't solve (it), can't figure

    ~~~~~li11:J.JJtl t~:u'satl?/-m~jjuu/ can't concentrate.

    I;:

    (it) out; can't be solved, is unsolvable.

    bbf~,1~'Vl 1 tJ kh'm~jhaaj/
    able; incorrigibly.
    'IJ'IJ 1~Lbllln

    to be incorrigible, incur-

    rllil1~'1J 11il dtd'm~jkhltad/ li11:J.J 1~TJ'W taam/m~jthan/


    b 1:W ~ 1:J.J'U'W
    "" '&'

    'II

    can't sever (it). can't catch up with.

    thia:u'm~jkh9n' can't win the dispute,

    khbb'm~jt.E:g'

    can't solve (it); can't

    argument; can't argue (e.g. because one's opponent is too clever, or has too high a position).

    be solved, unsolvable. Cf. Eng. "it can't be cracked."

    'l111~~ ~ tham'm~jlo:u'
    can't dig it up. surely (will} not, probJ..,

    can't do (it), don't have

    ~ lil1~ L;1 khud'm~jkMw' Fl ~ ( 'l ~) 1~ khou'(ca)m~j::::


    Fl 'J 1 :J.J 1~ bb~1 'l

    the heart to do (it).


    'W l'W l~'Vl~'IJ
    I

    n::>::>n'm~jlab/

    can't sleep.

    ably (will} not, unlikely to.

    'W ~ l:J.J~ ~ n~:u'm~jlo:u' can't sit down (e.g. because


    N uncertainty

    khwaam/m~jntE:caj/

    the seat is dirty).


    '!T'IJ 1~ ;'J'W

    (of mind).
    Fl 'J 1 :J.J 1~tJ ~ ~:J.J 1 'l1 Fl 'J 1:J.J l~'W 1

    nab/m~jthfian/

    countless, innumerable;

    khwaam/m~jpramaad'

    N caution,
    dl

    can't count (them).


    'Wn l:J.J 1 in nyg'm~j?:,::>g' can't recall, can't think
    I

    prudence, carefulness.

    khwaam'm~jph::>::>' N insufficiency. Fl'J1:J.Jl~'W11'l khwaam'm~jph::>xaj/ N dissatisfaction; displeasure.

    of it.
    'IJ 1 n 1~ r~n
    'II

    b:,::>g'm~jthuug'

    can't tell exactly or

    correctly; (it's) hard to say.


    tJ ~ n l:J.J'IJ'W pluug'm~jkh9n' can't grow (it); (it)
    'II

    Fl'J1:J.Jl:J.J:J.J'WFl~ khwaam'm~jm.1nkhou' N instability, unsteadiness, insecurity.

    tJ..,

    '&'

    won't grow, can't be grown. N impar-

    Fl'J1:W1~&t1d)tJ~ khwaam'm~jlam?iau'
    tiality.
    Fl 'J1:J.J l~~

    -lJ lil1~

    b;1

    pld/m~jkh~w/

    can't close (it); (it) won't

    close.

    ~'IJ khwaam'm~jsauob'

    N unrest, dis-

    L-lJ lil1~ 1 1 n p8ad/ m~j?:,::>g' can't open (it); (it) won't open.

    quietude.

    Alill~1Jn khid'm~j?:,::>g'
    confusion, a headache}.

    can't solve (it), can't

    1tJ1~SJiil paj/m~jr~bd/

    can't go through, can't

    figure (it) out; can't think (e.g. because of noise,

    carry on, can't get anywhere.

    'Wiil1~'l S~ phfiud'm~jciu' '11


    'W lil1~ 1 in
    'II

    V com. to tell an un-

    ~ 1~ cam~j:::: will not, won't. o "l ~ 1~1 tJ cam~jpaj/ won't go. iil'W 1~ b ;1 dan/m~jkMw' can't push
    'l

    truth. --.syn. See Ln'Vin

    com. to be struck dumb,

    phfiud'm~j?:,::>g/

    (it} in, can't

    push it together.

    speechless. &' ~ ~ l:J.J'IJ'W fau'm~jkh9n' to sound unreasonable,


    ~

    ~'ll~eJJn dYtJ'm~j?;)::>g'
    pull (it) apart.

    can't pull (it) out, can't

    unbelievable, implausible.

    rr~ l~'lilil fau'm~jchad/


    can't see (e.g. because of
    a.J

    can't hear clearly; to be

    lill~ L~'W duu'm~jhen' 'II


    darkness).

    unclear, indistinct (of sound).

    ~ ~ l:J.J lliltJ'W fau'm~jd~jjin/ can't hear (e.g. because


    can't tell, can't make out of noise).

    'V""'

    lill~1Jn duu'm~j?:,::>g/ 'II


    (by looking).

    rr~ l~~11'tl'Vl fau'-m~jsanld'hliu/ 'II


    without ... -ing, without unlikely, not quite believable.

    to sound odd,

    LliltJl~ doojm~j::::
    being ... o Lliltl l~~lil o o

    different from usual, not quite right; to sound


    I

    dooVm~jphld' without erring. Llil tJ l~ tJ 1 n dooVm~jj~ag' without difficulty. LlilrJl~;~nrJ'J dooVm~jruusygtua' without being 'II

    :J.J1 ~ l:J.J L'Vi'W m::>::>tJ'm~jh~n/ can't see (e.g. because

    of darkness, mental block, etc.).

    i!n q ~ l~ magcam~j::::
    1:J.Jn . m~jkli::::
    'd

    not likely to.

    aware of it, without realizing it.

    not many (followed by a elf.).

    416

    o lil eJ:I.J11:Wn'J'W to::>maa/m~jkliwan/ not many days later.


    'd ..,

    IJ

    Q..l

    be against the law, unlawful, illegal. o 1:w'll 8'\J 'fl1:; not.


    I

    m~jch~;:,b/thtica::::

    ought not, should

    1:wn:w1n'WeHJ m~jklim~agn5::>j/ colloq. not so


    much, not so many.

    1~'118'\J n ~ m~jch~::>bkon/
    strange, peculiar.
    I

    to be inappropriate, funny,

    1~ bn'W m~jk;};}n/

    not to exceed, not more than,

    J.,

    no more than, no ... -er than. o Gi 'HJ1~ bfl'WLL~ suaj/ -m~jk;};}n/m~c/ she is no more beautiful than her mother.
    0

    1:w'li'J bblil miljch(la/th:::: it is not only; not only.

    1~J1
    o

    miljcM.a/ soon, in a short time, shortly. najm.1jcMa/ idem.


    C4 C4

    1'W 1~J1
    I q.,

    Gi

    'V

    ~ 1~ bn'W~8 suuu/-m~jk8;}n/ph~b/
    J

    he is no

    o 1:w'lf1n b~ 'J o o

    m~jchaa/k~rew/ sooner or later.

    taller than his father.

    1:w bn iJ 'J m~jklaw/ not to be concerned, not to


    concern; to be unrelated.

    1~J11~'W 1'W miljcMa/m~jnaan/ soon. 8 ~ :1.n1~J 1 juumaa/m~jchaa/ writ. not 'U


    afterwards. A special spelling of

    long

    1~'1.1 11i1,-- 611 iJ m~jkhaad/, m~jkhaadsi1aj/ without a break, continously. -Comp. M!i11~'1.11A.
    "can't sever it."
    I~

    1~~ 1 iJ m~jcMaj/.

    1~ 1~,

    used to represent a long-drawn-out pronunciation of the second syllable.

    1:W'I.I'W. See
    I "-'

    b~i:J~-- t LJ~n-rr~-- ' ~n-among '\1 t 'l

    the subentries of

    1~.
    ,

    1~ bil -1 m~jch88U/ co 11 o q. not exactly, not quite. o 1~bV'lv'J!i1 m~jch88U/?uad/ (it's)notexactly


    boasting.

    1:Wb'IJ1, See
    I "-'

    n'W--

    'IJ!i)-q

    A'W-- t DA-- ' 161--

    among the subentries of

    1~ .

    1~1~

    (1)

    m~jch~j::::;

    (2) miljcMV! 1. is not, are

    1:w b'11 11rn 11 11n 1A ~ m~jkMwkhraj/?o;:,gkhraj/


    co 11 o q. be neutral, impartial.

    not, am not. 2. No, it's not! No! o 6 ~:; 1~1 ~ thura?/miljchilj/ co 11 o q. to be none

    1:w b'IJ 1 b~ 8 'l m~jkh~wryau/ 1. to be irrelevant,


    impertinent, nonsensical. 2. irrelevantly, unnecessarily. o iJ ~ 1:w b'1.1 1 b~ 8 ~ jfiu/miijkhilwryau/ co 11 o q. to
    I I CV

    'IJ

    .,f

    of one's business. o 'W1:whi~'W61J nti/-miijcMjdins:'!::>/ thisisnota pencil. o


    J
    I I

    1~1 ~ b ~'W miljcMjl~n/


    I I
    ~

    co 11 o q. quite, really. Isn't it?

    be unnecessarily meddlesome; to fiddle with things one has no business touching (as of a child).

    o 1:w1'li'VI~J miljcMjryL miljcMVr-Y! Aren't you? Don't you?

    1~~ miljdii/ to be bad, not good.


    to be incono 1. should not, ought not. 2.
    I

    Fl'J1:W-- bad-

    1~Fl ~ b;'WFl -1 'J 1 miljkhous~n/khouwaa/


    sistent.

    ness, (the) bad.

    ~:w1~~
    mood.
    q

    lom/miljdii' colloq. to be in a bad

    1~Fl 'J ~ m~jkhuan/


    1~~8i:J miljkh~j::::

    to be improper, inappropriate. colloq. scarcely, hardly, not

    1:w b!i1 iJ ~ 611 miljdiausaa' to be innocent, naive,


    to lack worldly wisdom (as of a child).
    1

    quite, not very. -Syn.

    1~1Fl~

    lit.,

    1~; 'U

    lfl

    1~1;

    (1)m.1jdilj::::, miljdilaj/; (2) miljdilj::::, (3) milj::::

    com. -See cross reference.

    dilaj/; (4) miljdilaV! com. 1. not get, gain, obtain, procure. 2. didn't; not get to, didn't get to. 3. can't, cannot, unable to (as a temporary condition). 4. No! (in ans. to prohibitively). -Syn. various usages of

    1~ bFliJ m~jkh;};}V
    I I I

    never (e.g. "have never done").

    1:w bFl iJ b~ iJ m~jkh;};}j/l;}8j/ never before. 1:w1Fl ~ m~jkhrilj:::: 1 it. scarcely, hardly, not
    quite, not very.

    1;1'VI:W ; also used

    ,...,
    'V

    -Syn.

    1~~8i:J

    colloq.,

    :in;

    eleg. --Note the

    1:w61
    I

    lfl

    com.

    1~1;
    1;

    listed below.

    1:w'li8'\.J miljch~;:,b/ 1. to dislike. 2. to be displeased. 3. to be inappropriate, improper, out of keeping (with); to be illegal. o

    PRIMARY VERB USAGE (see mng. I above). Here

    1~

    negates

    and the latter functions

    as a primary verb.
    0

    1~'li8'\J;'Ji:Jnl)'VI:W1i:J

    miljcM;:,b/dfiajkOdmaaj/ to

    1~1;1~ l ~U

    m!ijd!iaj'm.1jsia' to neither lose

    417
    nor gain; to break even. o

    a screw loose, to be cracked, touched in the head, not all there. I"' l:u 1J8 6i 1 m~jth)Tys.1al V not to mind, take no offense.

    1~1;fl'l1,~

    (1,2) m1tjd!ljkhwaam 1 ; (3) m!ljd!lj::::

    khwaam') 1. to be nonsense, make no sense. 2. nonsensically, senselessly. 3, Nonsense! It doesn't make sense! o

    1~1.;-i:Jiil

    1~'11'W m~jthan'
    I~

    not in time, late.

    m1tjd1tjph0n' to get no result; to be of

    o 1'\J1:U't1'l.JS 1J pajl-m~jthan'r6d' to miss one's bus, train, etc .

    no avail, useless, unsuccessful, ineffective. o 1~101 6~8-'1


    d

    m1tjd1tjr9au' colloq. 1. to be no

    good, useless. 2. to get no result. 3. to make no sense.

    1~'11'W1 S m~jthan'rajl ~ ~ 1~'11'W jaum~jthan'


    tJ ~ 1:U't1'l..l
    V

    co 11 o q. 1. only a short

    while later. 2. not very long ago. o


    0

    ADVERB-Al!XILIARY USAGE (see mng. 2 above). Here

    not yet, not yet in time to.

    1~1;,

    fV'

    fit

    like simple adv. -aux., occurs

    jaum.1jthan' ... - k3:::::. . . no

    before the primary verb. o o

    U-'1 1~1; rl1l-J jaum1tjd!ljtMam 1 haven't i:J~1~1;1'li1VI't.l phllm'-m!ljd!ljpajnAjlj


    go anywhere.

    sooner... than ...


    yet asked. I didn't

    'ii'1n~ 1~1;1'\J bJJeJ i't.l8nbb;1<l~


    pajlmyaun~bg'-Itwia?j

    1~'111~ m~jtham'diil not to do good. 1~ L~ 11 S m~jth~wrajl* not very; not much, not

    many.

    cMncam!ljd!lj::::

    1~(

    )L~11s,1~A8tJ(
    m~jkh~j( ...

    )L~11s

    m~j( ... ):::::

    I won't get to go abroad

    after all.

    tMwra.jl,

    )tMwrajl not very, not so

    very, not too; not very much, many; not so very


    SECONDARY VERB USAGE (see mng. 3 above). Here

    1~1;

    much, many; not too much, many.

    follows the primary verb which it

    modifies. Sometimes it is also followed by another secondary verb which it then negates, and the resulting expression modifies the primary verb, as In the 4th example below. o

    1~~8 tJ m~jn5:Jjl
    able. o S'l..lbbS
    ~

    not a little, i.e. quite, consider-

    '11~~8tJ runn:eu'm~jn5:Jjl

    to be quite

    10'n 1 ~ 1~1;

    cMjkaan/m!ljd!lajl cannot be used;

    severe.

    is out of order, not in serviceable condition. o


    0

    1~ ... !Tn m~j::::: ... mig


    factory).

    not very, not so very (e.g.

    1'll1~1; paj/m!ljd!laj' can't go. 1'll1nlil1~1; pajklajlm!ljd!laj' unabletogofar,


    can't go far.

    big), not too (e.g. difficult), not quite (e.g. satis-

    1 'll1~1;1n lil

    paj'm!ljd!ljklaj/ won't go very far,

    1~~ 1 ( "l ~) m~jn~a'(ca:::::)


    o

    should not, ought not,

    will go (but) not far. o


    0

    bU't.11'll1~1; penpaj'm!ljd!laj' to be impossible. 'Vilil1~1v~l~l-J'li1n philud'm!ljd!lajtempaag' unable


    ~

    unlikely to, not worth ... -ing.

    1~~ 1 "l ~ 6i '!61tJ m~jn~a'casousajl


    there is no doubt about it.

    indubitable;

    to say conclusively. o

    'll-11~1;

    fau'm!ljd!laj' 1. to sound awful, un-

    1~~ 1 L~el m~jn~ach1a'


    believe.

    unbelievable, hard to

    pleasant; can't bear to listen (to it). 2. to sound invalid, unreasonable. o

    ~1~J11~1;

    w!lajnaam'm!ljd!lajl can't swim,

    1~~ 1 ~ m~jn~aduu'
    'U

    to be not worth seeing,

    can't go swimming (for lack of time, etc.). o ;( ... ) 1~1; sOu'( . )m1tjd!laj' can't beat,
    ~

    unpleasant to look at, not nice (to see). o

    can't match, can't compete (with), can't compare (with).


    0

    1~~ 1 UW m~jn~al! l~djl!

    It shouldn't have been

    like that at all! (1, he, she, etc.) shouldn't have


    ?oct'( ... )m!ljd!laj' cannot

    I Iii ( )

    1~1;

    (e.g. done that, forgotten that) at all! (implying surprise, disappointment).

    refrain (from). o

    8~1 Hil~1~1;

    jaausra'm!ljdltaj' against one's

    will, against one's better judgment (as when giving in to someone's pleading).

    1~'W1'l..l b~ 11 s m~jnaan'tMwrajl
    (of time).

    not very long

    l:ul'J el-:J m~jt~u:::::


    IV
    I I
    ~

    IV

    not to have to. not to want to.

    1~'W.TW 1

    m~jnam'phaa'

    to pay not the slightest

    l:ul'J el-:J n1 s "l ~ m~jt~ukaan'ca:::::

    attention to; to ignore (e.g. tradition, a warning).

    l:wl'J1-:J 8 ~ l s n'U m~jtaaul?arajl- ka::::: is no different

    1~ bb ~ 1 "l m~jn~ecajl

    V to be uncertain.

    from.
    1:ul'J"1n 'J 1 m~jtam'kwaa::::: not less than.
    I I I I

    uncertainty (of mind).

    1~'\Js~:U1'11 m~jpramaad'

    V to be careful. Fl'J1:U--

    <t

    l:ULl'l:U Ll'l-:J

    m~jtemteu' idiom. colloq. to have

    caution, prudence, carefulness.

    418

    1~1J ~ ~ ~'lJ ~ ~ ~ 1
    ..... Also

    m!tjprasii/prasaa-' to be innocent,

    1J.JJ.JJ.Jj;l m!tjmiimuun-' to have no grounds, basis. 'II lJ.JJ.J')'lJ m!tjmiiwan-' never, there will never be
    a day {when); there's not a chance. o

    .,

    naive, not knowing worldly affairs (as of a child) .

    .,..,

    1~1J ~ ~ ~ 1 .

    1~ LU'IJ
    o

    m!tjpen-' can't, cannot {because of not

    1~:iJf'lJll71l'l1tJ

    m!tjmiiwan-'-?Od-'taaj-' will never

    knowing how).

    starve to death. w!tajmiam-'m!tjpen-' can't swim,

    .J 1 tllf11~ LU'IJ

    1~:iJ~ 1 S~
    terial.

    majmii-'saa-'ra?-' 1. to have no sense,

    doesn't know how to swim.

    be nonsense. 2. to have no substance, be imma-

    l~ Luw;]'l LU'\Jl'J'IJ
    l~ LU'IJ~1

    m!tjpentua-'penton-' to be un-

    formed, amorphous, not to have taken shape. m!tjpenth!ta-' 1. to be awkward, ungainly.

    1~tJ eJJ.j

    {1) m!tjj::>::>m::::, majj::>::>m-'; (2)

    majj::>::>m-'~

    1. to refuse to, decline, be unwilling to. 2. (I)

    2. awkwardly, ungracefully, not in the usual manner, not in the accepted manner.
    0

    won't have it!

    l~ LU'lJ'lJ ~ ~ ~'lJ ~ ~ ~ 1

    m!tjpenpras Ii-'prasaa-' 1. to

    o o

    be innocent, naive, not knowing worldly affairs. 2. to be ignorant, inexperienced.

    l~tJ a:wn i'U majj::>::>mklab-' to refuse to return. l~tJeJJ.JLL; mAjj::>::>mphte-' to refuse to surrender. 1~tJl:Wlln L~tJ~ mAjj::>::>m-'?o;,gsiau-' to abstain
    from voting, refuse to vote. colloq. quite, significantly (not

    l:w L'U'IJ L~ l ~
    sical.

    _"f

    m!tjpenr1au-' to be nonsense, nons en-

    l~~ l tJ m!tjj~j-' 1~t!n

    at all insignificant). It doesn't matter. That's m!tjjag:::: co 11 o q. strangely enough not;

    l~ LU'IJ l ~ m!tjpenraj-'~

    all right. Not at all. It's nothing. It doesn't make any difference. It's all the same. Never mind! Forget it!

    regrettably not; not in the least, not at all; not as expected, not as (one) should; happen not to (contrary to expectation). o

    1~'W l m!tjph:K>-' V to be insufficient, inadequate. Fl 'l1 J.J- - insufficiency. 1~'W ll 'l m!tjph::>:xaj-' to be annoyed, dissatisfied, displeased. Fl 'l1 J.J- - dis satisfaction, displeasure.

    L'U1l~t!n:w1

    kMwm!tjjag-'maa-' He didn't come

    as expected, strangely enough. o

    1~t!n 'lieJ'U
    1._, ...,

    m!tjjag-'cM::>b-' to happen not to like

    (something) (contrary to expectation). o

    1~in ;1 ~ m!tjpMg-'t~:g:::: l~ LYlt! ~ LL~


    IJ-

    l:wt!n S m!tjjag-'ruu-' to happen not to know 'II


    (contrary to expectation).
    'd ...,

    does not wait to, without

    waiting (e.g. to be invited). m!tjphia:g-'th:::: not only.


    V to be unsteady, unstable,

    1:wtJ L'ltJ (1) m!tjjiic~<:1j-'; (2) m!tjjiic~<:1V~ slang


    1. not much. 2. It's nothing (expressing either

    1:w:J.J'!Jf'l ~ m!tjm!tnkho:g-'
    insecure. Fl ') 1 JJ-insecurity.
    I ..-"-'

    insignificance or contempt).
    l:wtJVIS~ m!tjjtira?-' slang
    'd

    instability, unsteadiness,

    not to give a hang,

    not to care about.

    l:w:w1nn'!JltJ

    m!tjm!tag-'k~n5::>j-' whether many or

    l~LLtJLL~

    mAjjeeste-' not to pay the slightest attenm!tjjajdii-' (t~::>::::) to be indifferent

    few, whether much or little; if not a {whole) lot, then (at least) some.

    tion, to be completely indifferent.

    1~1 tJ ~ ( ~ eJ )
    ~

    l~ :W1nt.Jn m!tj .. maag-'mig-' not so very ... l~:iJ'I11 ~ m!tjmiithaa:g-' there is no way, it is not
    l:w:W'I11 ~ l l n
    possible. .,
    m!tjmii/thaa:g?~;,g-' there is no way

    (to), not care {for), pay no attention (to).

    1:w s ~ ~ eJ m!tjra:gr::>::>-'
    tatingly.

    1. not to hesitate. 2. unhesi-

    1~ ;'l'U
    'll
    I'Ll I~

    majruucob-' 1. unending, endless; recur-

    out (used both literally and figuratively).

    ring {decimal). 2. endlessly, without end.

    l~:iJ!Tbl)Vl1

    m!tjmii-'panhi1a-' 1. unquestionably,

    1:w s lmJ m!tjruu-'m!tjchfi-' e 1 a b. co 11 o q. 'IJ


    I

    1. to

    without question; doubtless, no doubt. 2. there is no question {about it). ably, doubtlessly.

    pay no attention; to refuse to listen. 2. to refuse to be answerable for the consquences {after a warning has been ignored).

    l tJ 1 ~ -- unquestion-

    419

    1:w ~ 1:w L'VI'W m~jruu/m~jhen/ e 1a b. co 11 o q. to


    'IJ

    IV

    1~i 'IJ

    l.1,--

    "I:::; ma.jstlu/,

    ma.jsfiu/ca~

    not very, not

    know nothing, to have seen nothing (e.g. concerning a crime).

    much, not so. -+Syn.


    1 it.

    1~;s;w m~jruu/lyym/ 'IJ


    without forgetting.

    1. to be unforgettable,

    1~i ... !Tn m~jsQu/ ... nag/ 'IJ


    exceptionally.

    not so very, not

    never to be forgotten. 2. unforgettably. 3.

    1~ L~tJ 1~1;
    unceasingly, ceaselessly.
    I

    ma.jsia/ma.jda.aj/ to neither lose nor

    1~;':1 1tJ m~jruu/waaj/ 'IJ


    I

    gain; to break even. -Usually

    1~1;1~ L~f.J.

    1:w L~ 'J tl'l.f1 m~jrew/k~chaa/ sooner or later.

    c;r V

    1~'VIf.JeJn ma.W>~g/
    '" I

    colloq. quite, really, very.

    1~fl.:j

    ma.jlotJ/ cannot, unable to, does not have


    0

    1:w L'VI'Wbln ma.jMn/kh~ not to think of, not to care


    about.

    the heart (to). See 'tl1--, 'W.:j--, 'J 1-:j-- among the subentries of
    I ._,

    ,!,

    1~ .

    1~ L~'W;'J tJ
    I "' I

    ma.jhendQaj/ to disagree.

    1:Wfl.:j ~ eltJ n'W ma.jlour~~vkan/ i d i 0 m. to be at


    odds with each other; to be inharmonious, not on good terms, not to see eye to eye with each other.

    1:w L'VIfl tJ 'J 1mLii1 ma.jliaw/ma.jlE:E:/ e 1a b. co 11 o q.


    1. to pay no attention, be indifferent. 2. to neglect, abandon.

    1~1;

    (1) ma.jMj/; (2,3)

    ma.jMj~

    1. not to give.

    1:wfl''1LJtJ.:j ma.jlam?iau/ to be impartial. f\11:1.1-impartiality.


    I .. ""

    "'

    2. not to let. 3. not to, without, so that not (followed by a verb). -For additional examples see cross reference. o

    1:w Lfl J n'VI'W 1 ma.jl9ag/na.a/ without anyone being


    excepted; without discrimination.

    1~1;'W'1(

    . ) L;1:W1 ma.jMjnam/( ... )kMw:::

    1~~ 1
    1~ ~ 1 .:j

    (1) m.1jwa.a/; (2)

    ma.jwa.a~

    1. not to mind,

    maa/ not to bring (something) in, not to allow to bring (something) in. o

    not to complain. 2. no matter, regardless of. ma.jwa.au / 1. to be busy, occupied. 2. to

    1~1;L'0'W6i:W1Vn

    ma.jMj( ... )pen/samaachig/

    be occupied (as of a bathroom).

    not to allow (someone) to become a member. o

    1~':1 1.:j lil1

    ma.jwaau/taa/ without taking (one's)

    1~1 ;;w 1n Ltl'W 1 'I.J


    much.

    ma.jMjma.ag/kaanpaj

    not too

    eyes off (something).

    1~ 'J 1 tJ ma.jwaaj/ cannot help, cannot refrain from. 1~ L;'Wbl~ ii1:::; 'i''W ma.jwen/tE:dawan/ co 11 o q. every
    day, day in and day out.

    1~1 'VI 'd

    ( 1) ma.jwa.V; ma.jwaV

    s V 1. unable to,

    can't, cannot, is incapable of (because of lack of physical strength or energy). E 2. How impossible! o

    1~1 ',;,'VI~1

    ma.jwajna.a/ without sparing (the feelings

    of) anyone, without respect for anyone.

    ~ 1 tnl'l~ J 1 'I.J1~1 vn

    wa.ajnaam/ -t:,~paj/ma.jwa.V

    1~ 61 nJ

    ma.jsauob/ to be unrestful.

    fl 'J 1 :w--

    can't swim any further.

    unrest, disquietude.

    1~ J tJ 1 n ("I::::)
    above. o to wish to.

    ma.jjaag(ca)::: not to want to, not

    1~61tJ'tl'VI.
    I

    Seeunder -0-'.:j--

    'IJ

    1:w61'\.J 1 tJ ma.jsabaaj/ to be sick, ill; to be uncomfortable, ill at ease.

    1~ J r.11 n1;
    not to want.

    ma.jjaagda.aj/ not to wish to have,

    1~61 :w'I.J ~:::; n ei'\.J ma.jsl'lm/prak:,~b/ 1~61:::; ~ d n

    to be deformed,

    1~ 1 r.; '1 ~ ~B'W ma.jj~qman/


    else, if not.

    co 11 o q. otherwise, or

    abnormal, imperfect, defective. m1jsaduag/ 1. to be inconvenient. 2.

    A~--. ~-- ~.:j-- ~n-cu ' '


    ~ ~-

    '

    L~~--

    '

    inconveniently, with difficulty.

    - , Lbf.J n - - , eJ 1 'W- - among the subentries of

    1~ ( ) 6fn L~ 11 ~ 1~i 'IJ


    C9J

    ma.j( ... )sagtMwraV not so

    1~. 1~ eJ:::; 1 ~ nJ:::; 1 s ma.j?araj/k~?araj/


    c 0110 q. one thing or another, something for sure. :u 1:w ei'W mAj?a.n/ co 11 o q. 1. not to hold back, stint. 2. without holding back, without stint, without

    very; not so very much. ma.jsfiu/ 1. to give up, withdraw (as from

    competition). 2. won't fight, won't compete.


    fl'W-- weakling, coward.

    420

    hesitation. -+Also 2.
    I

    J t11

    --

    indifferently.
    J ~ 1 ~ l~ fl ~Hl::;

    l:J-J J fl bfl tl m,qj ... ? iigl;~;:)v never again (do

    <>

    jaa:g/ -m.jl6dla?/ unrelentingly,

    such and such).


    t1 8:l-J "I::; l:J-J j~m/cam,qj:::
    I I

    without slackening, unceasingly, without letup, not likely to, not apt to. without giving in. -+Also

    J~1~l~fl::;fllil,

    tJ~ l~
    <V
    I

    ja:gm,qj::: not yet.


    ~
    .QI

    J ~ 14l~Vltlli1Vl~ J'IJ jaa:g/ -m,qjjudf)n/ incessantly, q

    t1 'I lmJ J 8f1Vl~ 8 ja:gm,qjph;:,;:,/?ligry! Isn't that

    ceaselessly.

    enough?

    ~ 1'\J l~ J J fl
    it out.
    1. cannot be separated,

    ?aan/m.j?:,;:,g/ 1. can't read (it)(be-

    ~'I 1~8~ 'U

    ji:g/m,qjjuu/ cannot drop (e.g. an animal)

    cause of illegibility, etc.). 2. fig. can't figure

    (by shooting).
    bW nl~ 8 J fl

    j~Eg/m,qp:,;:,g/

    l~

    maaj/, maj::: N wood, stick.


    NOTE 1. Tenns for pans or the whole of plants or trees (e.g. li18 n "flower,"

    cannot be taken apart. 2. cannot separate (something).


    v
    1 ....,

    1u

    "leaf,"

    'U

    b't11 L:l-1 f:H fl1 Hll. ruu/tMw/- m,qjthYtJkaan/ to be

    ~lJ

    "plant") are nonnally not used alone, except

    blind to a situation, be unable to see what someone is up to.


    fl nlmru lug/m,qjkh~n/ can't get up. q
    IJ'

    1; if the general meaning is intended, as in ~ eJ n1; "flower (of any kind)," 1'lJ1; "leaf," ;lJ1;
    as classifiers. They are followed by "tree." Otherwise they are followed by a specific

    b:ti~l~b~1~ lfan/m,qjch~an/
    I I._,

    to be untameable.

    LUl.l~~1 ~

    tenn for the species, as in li1 an nvm 1'\J "rose," "mango leaf,"

    ;1J~'W

    :'kapok tree."

    'J 1l:J-J'l'l-.1 w,qa/m.jfa:g/ to be disobedient, naughty,

    heedless of advice, warnings, commands.


    'J1..:j l:J-Jfl ~ waa:g/m.jlo:g/ cannot put down (as when
    I

    NOTE 2. The word

    1; is also used as the

    first member of compounds referring to certain kinds of secondary written symbols, such as tonal markers, certain vowel symbols, etc. In this usage it corresponds quite closely to the English word "mark" or "marker." See the following entries in the list of derivatives below:

    fascinated with something).

    1~1~ b;1
    ~

    saj/m.jkh,qw/ can't put it in or on;

    (it) won't go in, go on.


    1.,.

    Vlti'U1:l-JLH jlb/m,qjthYu/ can't get it, can't take it

    1;n 1nu111,1;<i'lil 'l 1, 1;"~ ,1;1~;, 1;111,


    1l.ll.I~1V,1l.ll.I1'W,1l.IVl.ln,1l.I~'W8101A,1l.ll8n.
    NOTE 3.
    ~....
    '"' '"' 'II
    '\..>

    up (because it's beyond reach).


    Vl~ J 1:J-J ryym.j/ or not.
    "' I

    1;

    is often coupled with

    l'ls

    "hand,"

    Vl1l~

    Mam.j/ 1 it. otherwise; had it been othero

    chiefly for the sake of alliteration, in special expressions:

    wise. -+See cross reference.


    Vl1 1~ Ma ... m.j/ 1 it. not.

    fu1;ful'ls

    dtbm!taj/cll.bmyy/ elab. colloq.

    -+For additional

    to hold hands.

    ful'l 8

    is the corresponding

    examples see cross reference. o Vl1 A'J not.

    simple expression.

    ~ 1~

    Makhuan/m,qV 1 it. ought not, should

    fl;18l~
    plant).

    klOajmaaV N orchid.
    111'\J--

    lilJfl--

    (lilJfl)

    orchid {the flower).

    ( 111'\J)

    orchid (the

    "" l:J-J' hilamii/mftj/ 1 it. there isn't any. o Vl1:l-l

    VI11~'1'1'U

    Ma/m.jph6b/ can't find (it).


    IJ.,
    ~

    fl J l~ ( fl J) k::>::>maaV (k::>;:,/)

    N a clump of trees,

    Vl1t!L"ll:J-Jm'YIJ~ Majcaj/-m.jthQa/th:S;:,:g/ colloq.

    shrubs; a bush.

    fig. to breathe uneasily (as in a tense situation).

    fi ~ l~ ( fi ~)

    kl:gmaaV (kl:g/)

    N branch, twig (of

    any kind of plant or tree). hen/cam.j::: apparently will not, (it)

    "' bVI'IJ"l::; l:J-J'

    ;Jl~;J~J (;1,;1~) kh~::>maaj/kh~bmyy/ (kh~;:,/,


    kh.a:g/)
    d

    seems not.

    N elab. colloq. wrist.


    ( eJ t11 'I , ~'IJ , eJ 'lJ ) kh~a:g maaV:::
    1

    b A ~ J ~ l :l-1 b A ~ J 4 :l-1 eJ

    'l.ld~

    vov

    question, no doubt.
    Jtl1~l:J-J:J-J'U:l-J'IHW jaa:gm.jmiipli/miikhluV idiom. q
    I

    kh~a:gmyy/

    (jaa:g/, chfn/, ?an/) N e 1 a b. co 11 o q.

    l<=>l~o:::t

    implements, tools.

    without warning.

    ~'Ul~~'U~eJ

    cabmaaj/cabmyy/ v

    elab. colloq.

    1~ 14l~u8LU.1

    jaa:g/m,qjjEEset/ uninterestedly,

    1. to hold hands. 2. to shake hands.

    421
    I

    q.,

    erl

    'IJ'HJn'WA'Wfil::: l:WA'Wfil ::::w eJ chQaj/kan/- khonlamaaj/::;

    e11;fil1r!:l'lv Himaaj/laajmyy' N elab. colloq.

    khonlamyy' e 1 a b. co 11 o q. each one gives a helping hand.


    '111 ~ l:w ( Fl'W) cManmaaj/ (khon')
    I
    'U

    craftmanship, workmanship, skill, ability.

    'WSH11.1~
    N carpenter.
    ""J'

    ('IJtJiil)

    phanmaaj/ (chanid') N kinds of

    plants, varieties of plants .


    :lJ 11:W'W maa'maajnfi/ co 11 o q. to come up with

    .ffl;.ff:l'la chfimaaj/chfimyy' elab. colloq. to

    point, point one's finger.


    .Un

    this strategy, to use this approach .


    :l'l F.J 1~ ( :l'l v,;1 ~)

    1; (.Un, .ff'W)

    stigmaaj/ (stig', chfn') N a

    myymaaj/

    (myy 1, kha.an')

    piece or length of split wood, splinter.


    lileJnl; (lileJn)

    c o 11 o q. hand

    d~:Jgmaaj/ (d~:Jg')

    N flower,

    1~n 'J 11il


    broom.

    (;1 :1.1, el'W)

    majkwaad' (d.am', ?an') N

    blossom (general term). ->-See cross reference. -see note under lil F.J n
    ;'W l ; ( ;'W) dfinmaaj/ (dOn') q q

    1~;vn
    N a piece of wood,

    majk:Sg' N cork (the material); a cork

    (stopper). [ n Jn f. Eng.]

    "'

    stick.
    ;'W l~ ( ;'W)

    1~n1fi'U1'Yl t~nmaaj/ (t~n')


    ;'W

    (el'W)

    majkaakabaad' (?an') N the


    +
    v..,

    N tree, plant (of is a general term for

    fourth tonal marker (


    l;n 1 ~ b'!.J'W ( el'W)

    ). -s y n. l:w "11il 'J 1

    any kind). NOTE.

    l;

    majkaankheen' (?an') N cross.

    trees or plants of any kind. Specific trees and plants are named by using the class term, lii'W, followed by specific terms, e.g. "banana tree,"
    lii'Wn fil 'J rJ (i]'WFJFJ

    l~bUl'W maajkf:n' N hardwood tree, hardwood. 1~'!.! eJ { el'W) majkh5:J' (?an') N hook with a wooden
    handle.

    ;'W~'W "poppy plant,''

    1~~ lil,- -1 'l'l ( eJ'W, n 1'W, n ~n)

    majkhlid'. majkhlid::;

    "giant reed." See also

    ~1'W 1~
    I
    'U

    ( ;FJ'W)
    I

    l~ Note 1. tba.anmaaj/ (k~bn') N

    faj/ N match, matchstick (?an', k.an' for indicharcoal vidual matches; klag' for boxes).
    1;bb'!.J'J'WLifeJ

    obtained from wood.


    'l1F.J'W1:!.l ('l1el'W) th~bnmaaj/ (th~bn')

    (~'W) majkhw~ens9a'(?an')

    Ncoat

    N a log, a

    hanger.

    piece of wood.

    l~A1'W ( el'W) majkhaan' (?an') N a bamboo pole


    N a distant used for carrying loads on the shoulder.

    ih 1; ('th )
    .Wn bfil

    thiwmaaj/ (thiw.l')

    stretch or line of trees, a long row of trees .

    1~~1il'J1
    N

    {el'W) majcadtawaa' (?an') N the fourth


    + )

    ~ ~'J 1;

    ( A'W) nagleen'htiamaaj/ (khon')

    tonal marker (

    of the Thai writing system. -Dist.

    co 11 o q. rogue, scamp, gangster, hoodlum, tough guy.


    'W 1 "!1~

    __..Syn. 1;n1n'U1'l1.

    L~rl'l~lii'J1

    "rising tone" (of the spoken language). naanmaaj/ (?on') N wood fairy,

    ( eJ 'l A ..)

    1;~:1.1-w''W
    1;1ileJn

    ( el'W) majctmfan' (?an') N toothpick. (;'W,'I.ItJiil)

    female tree spirit.


    &' v b'WFJ 1:w nyamaaj/ N wood texture; wood (exclu-

    maajd:,;,g' (tOn',chanfd') N

    a flowering plant, i.e. a plant known to bear flowers.


    'V

    sive of bark).

    ~1'W1~ ( 'Vl~ -1)

    c:

    Manmaaj/ (Ian') N wooden house.

    l:!.lLiillil (l:!.l) 1;1il ~ ( el'W)

    maajdect' (maaj/) N colloq.

    1'Unl;1'Un:l'la boogmaaj/boogmyy' V elab.

    decisive blow, decisive trick, stratagem. majtrii' (?an') N the third tonal

    colloq. to wave the hand.

    1'U1~

    (l'U) bajmaaj/ (baj/)

    N leaf (of any kind).

    marker ("" ) of the writing system. -->-Dis t. L~ rJ 'l Iii ~ "high tone" (of the spoken language).

    -see

    l; Note 1.
    N forest, jungle,

    J 1l~

    ( bb ~ ~ ) paamaaj/ (hen')

    l;[i]1rJ

    (1;)

    maajtaaj/ (maaj/) N 1. boxing

    woods.

    n 1 s - - forestry.
    (pMn1, l11ug 1,

    decisive blow, knock-out blow. 2. decisive trick or strategem.

    btl~ an l; plyagmaaj/ N bark. tH1l; ( f~ fil , fil n , l, 'U ) pMnlamaaj/ 'II


    iii n
    'II

    l;l~ A (!il'J. el'W) 'II

    majtajkhuu' (tua', '>an') N the

    baj/) N eleg. fruit(ofanykind). -->-Syn.

    short vowel marker ( "' ). -s y n. Lfil '1J bb tJ lil

    1; co m.

    -see

    1; Note 1.

    1;Lbl1

    ( ;'W)

    maajtMw'

    (t~n')

    N creeper, vine,

    422 liana.

    1:!J'tll:lm:IJ11il majthanlthakMadl N eleg. the


    cancellation mark ( system. -+S y n. ) used in the Thai writing
    ~

    v~

    railroad tie or sleeper.

    1;Vl'W 81 n 1A ( el'W) majh~n?aakaad' (?an') N


    the vowel symbol (
    v~

    n 1 ~'W lil com.

    ).

    1;b;1 ( el'W) majtMaw' (?an') N walking stick. 1;1 'tl ( el'W) majthoo' (?an') N the second tonal
    marker ( -+Dis t. ) of the Thai writing system.
    b ~ [J ~

    1;;8 ( lil'W) maj?~;:,l (t1'1n 1 ) N reed. 1J-J eJ li1 ( bbiTtJ) maj?ad' (phtnl) N plywood.

    1;beJ n

    ( el'W) maj?eegl (?an') N the first tonal


    ) of the Thai writing system. -+Dist.

    Lrl

    "falling tone" (of the spoken

    marker (

    language); see note under cross reference.

    b ~[J ~ b vn "low tone" (of the spoken language);

    1;'U ~ n1til ( el'W) maajbantMd' (?an') N ruler,


    straightedge.

    see note under cross reference.

    U8li11; (tJ8li1) j~;:,dmaajl (j~bd') N tree-top.


    N bamboo (the
    ~ :w 1:w
    I
    V

    1;1~ ( 611)

    majphajl (lam')

    ( bb'i-H

    n'lmmaajl (heu')

    N shade, umbrage

    wood, the stem).

    of trees.

    1;'W1U ( elt.l) majphaajl (?an') N 1. paddle. 2.


    big wooqen spatula.

    b! 8'W1; ('Vii~) ryanmaajl (Liu') N wooden house


    or building.

    1;~t.l ( ;t.l, ~8t.l) '


    firewood.

    majfyyn' (dOn',

    th~::m')

    61 i:W861 ~ 1;, 61 ~ 1;61 ~:W8 loumyy 1 loumaajl, loumaajl::::


    loumyy' e 1 a b. co 11 o q. to begin to do something.

    1;:!J611 U majmalajl * N the vowel symbol 1,


    representing the sequence -aj as in

    1;;'J'W majmuan' N the vowel


    senting the sequence -aj as in

    1~. symbol 1,

    61 n1; ( 1'\J , 61 n , BJ 61 ) JOugmaajl (bajl, lOug', pMn') 'IJ 'IJ


    repreN 1. com. fruit (of any kind). 2. lace. 3. idiom. trick. -+Syn. 1.

    1'\J .

    NOTE.

    B-1611;

    eleg.

    This symbol is of much rarer usage than is

    b~t.l1;iJ li1 l~n'maajbld' V idiom. to balk. bA'lf1; ( .ff'W, ;'W) seedmaajl (chin', dOn') N
    piece of wood, splinter.

    which has the same pronunciation (see entry above).

    '

    "' "' majmaklya' N ebony. 1m-J::;bn618

    'Vi~ 8

    1;

    ('Vi~ eJ)

    n:,;:,maajl

    (n~;:,l)

    N young bamboo

    1;:l'Jli1 maajm~dl N idiom. surprise blow,


    surprise attack, assault.

    shoot.

    'Vi~11; ( A'W, el'W) n~amaajl


    N meter stick. crossbow.

    (khan', ?an')

    1;Ld-Jiil~ ( el'W)

    maajmeed' (?an')

    1;uJ-Jn majjam6g' N the repeat symbol ~, as


    in lil1 ~ ~ taautaau ' "' ~ld-JU'W ( el'W) maajjan' (?an') N crutch.

    'Vf~1; 'IJ

    muumaajl N 1. a group of trees, grove.

    2. plants (collectively).

    1:wlil ~ majtriil friendship. Fl'd 1:W51m~'W61:Wiil ~ khwaam'samphan'thamajtriil


    N friendly relations. Also

    ~l:J.JU'Wiil'W ( lil'W, VilA) maajjyyntC5n' (t()n', chanid')


    N perennial plant.

    "'

    51:WVJ'W a1:w Ill~.

    1;~ 'J n ( ;'W, s1"1, n eJ)


    1;b~U'd (el'W)
    1:!J bb ~ n bn1i1
    v .. v

    majrllag' (t()n', lam', kJ;:,I)

    1:wlil
    o

    n Ill ill~,-~ Ill

    majtriilcld' N spirit of friendship.

    N a thornless type of bamboo. majriaw' (?an') N switch, rod

    Fl 'd 1J-J:iJ1:wm ~~Ill khwaammii'-majtriilcld' N


    friendliness.

    (used for whipping, beating).


    (

    1J-Jmr~1~

    (<j;~tJ'\J) majtriilsaan' (chaoob') N

    8'W) maaj regk@dl * (?an') N racket bb ~ n b n Iii f. Eng.]


    N climbing
    <:

    friendship note or message.

    (for tennis or badminton). [

    sl"' W 6ld 1J-Jill r santhawamajtrii' N close, intimate


    friendship. o rJillsl"''Wbld1J-Jill~
    'IJ

    1;b~8U ('dilrl)
    1;~'W

    maajlyajl (chanid')

    plant, vine, liana, creeper. majson' N 1. pine wood. 2. wood of any

    ('W1tJ) tMud'san'thawamajtriil

    (naajl)

    N good-will ambassador.

    coniferous tree.

    1J-J61~ majl C mile. [f. Eng.]

    1;51n majsagl N teak, teakwood.

    423
    Un (

    . ) 1~

    (1,2) j6g'( ... )Mjl, j6g'( ... )Mj::::;;

    (3,4) j6g'Mjl, j6g'Mj::::;, j6gMjl 1. to give, offer (something) (to). 2. to lift (e.g. something heavy)
    rJ

    j:l:l/ LOW consonant. Pronounced j both initially and finally. The sound j as an initial low consonant is also sometimes written 6l/.
    0

    for (someone). 3. to excuse, exempt. 4. to recognize (that), accept as true (that).

    unLTI'\<1-l; j6gtMod'Mjl, - Mj::::; to forgive.


    v
    'II

    r.Jfl

    j6gl C 1. round (boxing). 2. folio, signature

    o un~nli11'Jl~ j6g'l1lugsi1aw'Mjl, -Mj::::; togive one's daughter in marriage.


    0

    {printing, bookbinding). 3. volumetric unit of lumber.


    rJ fl 1-'l j6g' V to lift, raise.

    U8:WUfll;'J 1 j:l:lmj6glh.1jw.1a::::;

    to concede, grant,

    accept as true (that). N brocade.


    ~r.J'\Jr.Jfl,- -'ll'W
    ~

    "' r:nun

    "' (f-I'W)

    pMaj6g' (phyYI1'}

    .;

    jlbj6gl,

    jlbj6g'kh~::::;

    V 1. to bring

    Uflflo'li-'1 j6glkamlatJ'

    1. to mobilize, raise a

    up, take up, single out. 2. to be brought up, taken up, singled out.
    tJ '1

    (military) force.

    2. mat h. to raise, be raised

    to the (stated} power. o rJ n no1i '16HH j6g'kamlatJs::btJ' to square, be squared.


    rJ n ~'W j6gkh~l 1. to lift up. 2. to raise, bring

    jotJ' V to be firm, stable, steady.

    ~'WU '1 jyynjotJ' V 1. to stand firmly, remain


    steadfast. 2. to last, endure. 3. to maintain .
    rJ '1 1-'l in
    ~t.J '1

    ...

    jU?jotJ' V to incite (to something bad}.

    up (a question).
    .;

    tJ b11 n ~ ~ :W, lil1 :W-- jathi1alkam', taam'- jatMa'kam'

    un ( ) 'lJ'W'\Jfl j6g'( ... }kh9nb0gl to land (e.g.

    as circumstances dictate, at the mercy of fate.


    r.J'W j6n' V 1. to be wrinkled, folded.

    troops), put (e.g. troops) ashore.


    uniil:nw1'1 j6g'tuajaatJ' to give an example,

    2. to be short-

    ened (by pressure, impact, wrinkling), to contract.


    I I

    bring up an example.

    f'J'WU 8 , rJ 8 U'W j6nj~:l/, j ~:lj~nl

    V to shrink (back},

    unm

    '1

    ( !il'J) j6gsotJ' (tua')

    N brassiere.
    or.

    lose one's courage, determination.


    d
    U'Wiil,r.I'Wlil~

    un '!1~1 ~ j6g'thahi1an' to move troops (to).


    u n rl'V'l j6gtMb'

    ( bFI~8'1) jon' (khr9atJ')


    d

    N mechanical

    1. to lead (the) troops, lead an

    device, motor. -+Chiefly in compounds.


    b Fl ~ eJ '1 U'W li1
    d
    or

    army. 2. to move the army (to).


    rJ flL '11'\<1- j6gtModl to forgive.
    v

    ( b Fl ~ 8 '1) khr9atJjon' (khr9atJ')

    N mo-

    tor (as of an automobile); machine, mechanism.


    0

    un 'W 'J j6gnfw/ idiom. to accept (someone's)


    superiority.
    U fl'V'l 'J n j6gph1lagl to bring or take a whole crowd,

    b Fl

    s 8 ~ f'J'W lilli1'\J'W 1 'II

    or

    ';:

    ( b Fl ~ 8 ~ ) khr9atJjon' suubnaam'

    (khr9au 1 )

    N water pump.

    ~fl S tJ 1'WU'Wiil (fl'W) cagkrajaanljonl, cagkajaanljon'


    (khan')
    I

    a gang .
    Ufl~eH

    ...

    N motorcycle.
    ( FI'W) cMatJjon' (khon')

    j6gf5:ltJ' law
    t

    to dismiss a case.

    '111 '1 U'Wiil


    or

    N mechanical

    r.Jfl:W1fl~1'J

    j6g'maaklaaw' eleg. to quote, men-

    engineer.
    bb'V'lU'Wiil ( bl'V'l, ii11) phee'jon' (phee', lam')

    tion, cite.

    un rJ 8 un rJ 8
    I

    @)

    j6gj:l:l/ to fish with a dip-net. j6gj:l:l/

    ferryboat.
    J11 'V'lU'W lil S ( b ~ 8 '1 ) pMabphajon' (r9atJ')
    d

    1-'l

    v to flatter.

    UflU8'1 j6gj~tJ' V toadmire,praise,extol. FI'J1:W--

    eleg. motion pictures, cinema. -+Syn. Wt.H c 0110 q.


    rJ 1'\Jr.I'Wiil
    ( 8U 1 ~) jaanjon' (jaatJ')
    or

    honor, commendation, praise, laudation.


    Uflii1 -'l:W1 j6g'lotJmaa/

    1. to move (e.g. troops)

    N vehicles

    down (from the north, or from a hilltop). 2. to take (e.g. a box} down (from the top of a stack).

    (motor-driven). o n eJ HJ 1'\Jr.J'Wiil ( fl eJ '1) b:ltJ'jaanjon' (b:ltJ')


    1. department of motor vehicles. 2. mil it.

    un b~ n j6gl~;:}g' V to cancel, nullify.


    un b 'J'W j6gwen' V to except, exempt.

    motorized unit.

    o r.Jfl b 'J'Wbllil j6gwen'tf:::::;

    '

    except, excepting.

    ~ bW'WIJl ( A'W) r6djon' (khan')

    N automobile.

    li'!Hl, l!'Wiil S" l "' S" eJ li'Wiil 'Vi'Wli'!Jiil q tJ:J..J in


    1"-'

    424
    ( &1.'1) ryajon' (lam') ( ii11) hunjon' (tua')

    ll O'Ulbl!'U

    N motorboat.
    N robot.

    N 2. digest, abstract.
    llv!il'J j~otua' V to lower oneself (by bending the

    ll:J..J'i['ll!:J..J m~naamjom' pN the M.:eyom


    I

    knees).
    'V

    (Me Yom), a tributary of the Chaophraya River in N Thailand.


    li:J..Jn in

    tJ eJ '11 eJ

    j~oth5o'

    V 1. to lose heart, be discouraged.

    2. to feel like giving up, yielding, withdrawing.


    l!Ol!'!J, li'WlleJ
    j~oj6n', jelnj~o'

    l~li:J..Jn

    majjam6g' N the repeat symbol lil1


    ~ ~

    V to shrink (back),

    ( ~ ) as in
    ll&l in

    . V 1. to be tricky, cunning,

    lose one's courage, determination.

    ...

    lbl!'Ull~ j~bjon'

    ll O'Vi'W 1 j~on~al V to indent (as in writing). eJ lJ 1 ~ ll eJ ~ jaanj~oj~o 1 in brief. tJeJn


    6!

    ingenious. N 2. trick.
    li'Jiil
    6!

    in li'Jiilll'l'!J
    ' '

    (Fl'lJ,eJ~1~) jQadjaan'(khan',

    j~og 1 V

    1. toprick. 2. toache(ofmuscles).

    jaan') N vehicle.
    li'Jfil l2:J in

    liOn l2:J

    in the following entries.

    tJ'Jiila~.tJ~tJ'Jfil jQadjtu'. jtnjQad' V 1.

    tJvntJeJ'W j~ogj5on 1 V to be complicated, devious.


    ~

    to be extreme. sV 2. extremely. -Often rendered in English by "super-: as in "superheated:'


    li'J'W juan' V colloq. 1. to be annoying, irritating,

    tJ nlJ 0 n jagj~og 1 V to embezzle .


    .L

    lleJ'l in 'WH.ieJ'l'l

    n~u 1 joonjoou'

    V to sit on one's

    heels, to squat.
    tJ eJ ~
    C0

    provoking. 2. to be provoking, enticing, tempting.


    l!'Jli'J'!J jQajuan' V 1. to entice (sexually), to
    .L

    j~n 1 * V to walk quietly, stealthily; to tiptoe.


    j~nbaw'

    ll v 'l l 'U 1

    V to steal, pilfer by sneaking

    (into someone's house).


    ll eJ 'l l2:J

    flirt. 2. to be enticing.
    Ul! 'J'!J jiijuan' V 1. to excite sexually (by cares-

    in ll n ll eJ 'l
    V
    I

    j6gj~n'*

    V to admire, praise,

    extol.
    ll eJ ~ rn ll

    sing). 2. to be enticing.
    lJ d'U jQab' V 1. to sink deeper (than before). 2. to

    in tlJ.JtJ eJ 'l

    jfmj~n'* V to smile joyfully.


    N top, tip, peak. N mountain

    vlil

    ( tJ eJ lil)

    j~od 1 (j~od')

    cave in, fall in, collapse.


    tJ A j6d' N rank, position, authority.

    ll eJ lil l ~ 1

    ( ll eJ lil)

    j~odkhllw' (j~od')

    top, peak, pinnacle.


    lleJiil'l.'l'lJ'J'lJ j~od 1 camnuan 1 N the total number;

    dll!S"~l!A klad'tij6d' N honor.


    l Fl HH tJ A ( <Uu, O'!J) khcyauj6d' (chfn', ?an')
    d .., ""

    the total.
    lJOfil:J..J:::'Wn'J (l!Oiil)
    j~od 1 maphraaw'(j~od')

    insigniaofrank.
    l!LGi in

    'VIt ~l!LGi

    jln'jasoo' V to be arrogant,

    crown of the coconut palm.


    ll eJ !ill; l!eJiils-n

    impudent.
    l!il
    C0

    ( tJ 11il )
    (fl'!J)

    podmaajl

    (j~od')

    N treetop.

    ('U'ln) joo' (paag') N dip-net.

    j~odrag' (khon')

    N the dearest

    ll n tJ eJ j6gjoo' V to fish with a dip-net. ll 0


    LJ

    (one), best- beloved (sp. to or about someone of the opposite sex).


    lJ eJ'lJ joon'

    joo' V to flatter, wheedle.

    lJ n tJ eJ j6gjoo'

    to flatter.

    to insert, gently pulling back and forth,

    l!Oll6i1 joo'sU' V to be dim, become dim (of

    or turning round and round.


    lJ O'W j5on' V 1. to return, come back. 2. to retrace.

    sunlight, at dusk).
    l8'!JtJO j88njoo_' V to speak highly of, praise,

    laud.
    lleJ

    '!Jnl!O'!J nygj5on' V tothinkback .

    "' ..,

    3. to proceed in reverse.

    j~l:J' V 1. to be brief, abridged. 2. to abbreviate,


    abridge, summarize; to reduce. abbreviation.
    fl'l-( Fl.'l)

    :W~~l!eJ'lJ'VIfl1 miiph1ln 1 -j5on 1 lan' to be retroactive,


    be effective retroactively (as of a law) .

    ...
    ..,

    tJ vn lJ eJ'lJ

    j~ogj :Jon'

    V to be complicated, devious.

    Lr;w ~ v doojj5o' briefly, in brief, in short. o n~1'JLiiltJ~O klaaw'doojj~o' briefly speaking.


    tJ eJ Fl 'J '1 :w ( l ~
    ' d

    Uel'lJS"iltJ j5on'roojl V to retrace (one's) steps,

    return by the same route .

    ..,

    o ~ , 'U'Yl)

    j~okhwaam'

    (cyan'. bOd')

    'VI'J'!Jl! eJ'lJ hilanj5on' V to go back, turn back. l!O'Ulbl!'U


    j~bj~b'*

    V 1. to condense, prepare an abstract, a digest.

    V colloq. 1. to be too little, in-

    425
    sufficient. 2. to be running out, running low.
    3. to be poor.
    tJDJJ j;);)m" V 1. to let, allow. 2. to agree, consent. '!Jfl n tJ DtJ
    "" I

    pllig"j!:)j" V 1. to be trivial, minor.


    ~an'-plliglj~jl

    d " I b ~ 8 ~'!Jfl n tJ DtJ

    N small, trivial

    matter.

    3. to comply (with), submit (to), yield (to).


    I

    1~~DtJ mttjj~jl
    tJDtJ

    colloq. quite, significantly:

    1J-JtJDJJ {1) mttjj;);)m"; (2) mtl.jj;);)m"l 1. to refuse

    "not insignificant." -Also

    1~1 ~~ 8 tJ.

    to, decline, be unwilling to. 2. (I) won't have it!

    l~tJDJ-JDDn L~tl~ mtl.jj;);)m/?~~sian"


    from voting, refuse to vote.

    to abstain

    ..,

    "1

    j~jj~jl j~jjab'

    minor, lesser, small. V 1. to collapse, go to pieces, be

    tJeltJtJ'U

    ruined, destroyed, go bankrupt. sV 2. ruinously, severely, heavily; in pieces, till in pieces. -Syn.
    1. See '.l eJ A '.l 1 tJ

    tJ DJJ&JOTW'W j;)om"camnon" V to surrender, give in,

    admit defeat.
    tJDJJLL'W j;);)mphte" V to surrender (to), give up,

    tJ tJ eJ tJ

    raajj~jl

    N 1. minor case. 2. minor

    give in, yield (to).

    party (e.g. to an agreement).


    tJ eJ tJ j:S;)j/ V 1. to slip down. 2. to hang down, droop.

    o tJ8JJLL'WLCiltJlJ-JilL ~8'Wl'IJ jo;)mphte"-doojmttjmii"


    u~ankh~jl

    "-'

    to surrender unconditionally.

    vm Cil tJ eJ tJ
    ~'WtJ DtJ
    tJ::;

    jOdj ;5;)jl

    to be superb, beautiful.

    tJ 8:J.wn1 ;~ 1 joom"j6g"-Mjw.1a::: to concede,

    hinj:Sojl N stalactite.
    &I::;,

    grant, accept as true (that).


    rJ 8 :w 'U j ;);)mrabl V 1. to admit, concede.

    jal Pt used in questions, corresponding to but impolite.

    i'

    2. to
    tJ::;

    accept, agree to.


    tJ eld-ll; j;);)m'Mj:::
    "-'

    jtl.l Pt used in statements, corresponding to but impolite.

    6l::;,

    to allow to (do something).


    tJ::; fl1

    ~'Wtl t!:!J jinj;);)m' V to consent, agree.

    j:Haa' pN Yala a township in S Thailand. See tJLGl. jag/

    o Ao1~'WtleJJJ ('IJJ,'!J~::;n1n kham'jinj;);)m"(kh~;)l,


    prakaan")
    tJ el:!J
    <9:>

    tJ:::LGl. un
    (9)

    N consent.

    1. to move, raise. 2. to wriggle, sway.

    j~m"* V 1. to be smallish, moderate (in size,

    un n ~::; Gl1 tJ

    jagkrasa.ajl s 1 a ng

    to change the

    price, etc.). 2. to be short of, less (in reckoning only).

    topic. 2. to change the method, approach. 3. to make things hard for someone (e.g. by giving
    ,_, I

    -ct.
    "1
    I

    2. 'VIrJ' t!'W.
    meew'-khanaad'j~mj~m'

    o LLJJ'J'IJ'W1Atlel:W smallish cat.

    him the run-around). -Syn. 3. tJnrJ1


    tJ n A '.l jagkhfw' V to raise or flutter the eyebrows
    .., ,f

    &!I

    1 A1 611 :l-l'U 1 'YW J J-JGl Gl ~ raakhaal- s~amooad1-

    {indicating assent or acknowledgment, or as when a man flirts with a woman).


    un ll1 jagltMa' co 11 o q. V to make things hard

    j~m'sa1Yl1'

    The price is 3 bahts less a quarter. V to be inexpensive, reasonable,


    "' -Often also spelled tJ DJJ b tJ 1 '.l

    tJ el:l-1 btJ 1

    j~mjawl

    moderate.

    for someone (e.g. by giving him the run-around).

    tJelJJ IJ j~m"* AA liable to, likely to, apt to, tend to

    -s y n.

    u nn ~ ::: G11 tJ
    v to embezzle. jagj~eljagjan' v c 0110 q.
    to hobble;

    (do something).
    tJ J :l-1 6l ::; j ~mea:::
    AA liable to, likely to, apt to.

    untJvn jagj~;)gl

    UnLL~ un U'W
    ,_, I

    tJ el:l-1 6l::; l~ j~mcamtl.j:::


    tJ el:!J j:S;)m" V to dye.
    I

    not likely to, not apt to.

    to move haltingly, with difficulty, clumsily.


    tJ n l 'Vffl jaglajl V to shrug one's shoulders. tJn lil in

    '111 ~ tJ el:!Jt:J 1

    ( A'W) cManj:S;)mpMa' {khon") N dyer.

    l~un

    mtl.jjag' AA strangely enough not;

    '/J'UtJJ:!J chub'j:5;)m' V to enliven, give new vigor q

    regrettably not; not in the least, not at all; not as expected; not as (one) should; happen not to (contrary to expectation). o

    to.
    ; el:Wl "l j:S;)mcajl V to stimulate, invigorate. tJ eJ tJ j~jl* V 1. to break up into small particles, gran-

    L'IJ1l~un:w1
    1~un'/JeJ'U

    kMwmttjjag"maa" Hedidn'tcome

    ulate. 2. to digest, assimilate. 3. to be minor, subordinate. 4. to be a part, a component.


    V
    I

    as expected, strangely enough. o mtl.jjag'cM;)b" to happen not to like

    'Wo1tJ eltJ namj~jl N gastric juice.

    (contrary to expectation).

    426
    0

    1~5n; 'IJ

    majjag'ruu' to happen not to know


    ""

    still be here, might still stay here. eJ n '11 ~ tJ i ?lig'thanjan::: furthermore, moreover.
    X:! ~

    (contrary to expectation).

    5n~ ( IWW) jag/ (ton') N giant, ogre.

    5~
    "'

    cE'

    jau' Pp to (a destination, end-point).


    ~
    I

    5~

    <9J

    jan' V to be, have. -+Rare. -+Syn. :i'l.

    FI'WtJ i; ~ khyynjanrllu' all night long, the whole night through. DlS ~11J5~ tro:u'pajjan:::
    ~ ~
    I

    5~i1~Dl jan'chiiwfd' to have life. Sometimes


    means "to sustain life."

    straight ahead to (some

    5~:i'l janmii/ (once) there was, were (as at the


    beginning of a fable).
    ~

    point), directly at, toward (a point).


    'J'lW i Fi'1

    wanjankham' all day long, the whole day

    tJ ~ l.:l jan' V to cause, render, bring about; to


    ~

    through. tJ
    ~

    result in.

    &

    Variant of

    HJ 1 ~,

    representing the shortened

    5~ t'H'I ( 1;)
    ~

    jaupMn'(Mj:::) 1 it., e 1 e g. to result


    ~

    pronunciation in the instances shown below.

    (in), have the result (of). tJ -i rn jan' AA 1. still, yet. to a yes-or-no question).
    I

    5~n::; .~irl'U janka::: colloq. like, as if.


    2. not yet (in answer tJH'W jauuan' colloq. like that. -+Variant of eltJ 1 ~'W'W,
    X:! X:! X:!

    -+Also written eltJ 1 ~


    1:!

    ~'W.

    -+For exam-

    ~1

    J.,

    eJ tJ tJ -i '1.1 '.l

    kh~jjanchlla'

    to get better, feel better;

    not :so bad.

    ples see eJ[J 1 i'W'W under eltJ 1 ~. "' ~ tJH jaunfi/ colloq. likethis. -variantof eJ tJ 1 ~ 'W . ples see
    ~

    5 ~ Fl ~

    jankhon::: still, yet.

    ...... Also written eJ tJ 1 ~ i eltJ 1 ~'Wunder eltJ 1 ~.


    ~

    ...... For exam-

    o 5~FI~1Jnng;p"l jankhonpraakod'mii' there still appears to be, apparently there is still.

    5~ 1 ;'W

    jann6on' like that. -variant of

    el~ 1 i 1 ~'W.

    5-i A jandii/
    ~

    to be good enough, not bad; to be a

    -+Also written

    good thing; to still be good.


    c;
    I

    el~ 1 i 1 ;'W. el~1i1~'W under eltJ1~.


    in any way. -Variant of

    -For examples see

    tJ

    ~ [J nf1n

    b111 n ( eJ tJ) jandeg'(jliu') to still be a child.


    'IJ
    I

    5~ 1 i jau:uaV co 11 o q. 1. how, in what way. 2.


    eJC.; 1 i 1 S. -Also eJ ~ 1 i 1

    1 s 61 el'U 61 'J 'W eJ [J janthamkaan's:,;:,bsiian'- juu'


    'IJ

    is still being investigated. 5i:W janmf::: as yet not.

    written see o

    . ...... For additional examples

    eJ ~ 1 i 1 S under eJ ~ 1 ~ . "] jannaV januaV co 11 o q. at any rate;

    5~:iJ~eJ,--lu8n

    janmiit:,;:,t, janmii6:>'paj?lig'

    5~ 1 ~
    1115~1i 'IJ
    X:!

    1. to be continued. 2. there is still more to

    no matter what. o
    ~

    come (as of a story).


    (L.I

    "]

    eJ~ 'IJ

    duu'-jauuajljan:uajl-jliu' colloq.

    ..::.1

    IV

    tJ UJDl 'J eltJ janmiitua'juu' to be still living.


    ... 'IJ

    to look odd, strange, not quite right, unacceptable. tJ ~ 'W'W jan nan' co 11 o q. like that, in that way. -Variant of eltJ 1 'l'W'W, q.v. under eltJ 1 ~.
    X:!
    ~ ~

    5~:iJVl'W 1 janmiin~a' to be shameless enough to:


    "still have the face."

    5~ l~ll'W janm~jthan:::
    (L.I

    not yet, not yet in time to. no


    J.,

    tJ

    ~'W

    jannfi' 1. like this, of this sort. 2. This is


    ~

    tJ ~ ll-J'Yl'W ... n . jaumajthan::: ... k~:::.. . sooner ... than ...

    Q..J

    it! This is the way! -Variant of eltJ 1 i'W, under [J


    ~

    q.v.

    eJ[J 1 i.
    j~tJjyyn'

    5~ 1~ btl'W ~ 1;1 ~ 'W eJ 5'n Vl~ eJ janm~jpenkh~ac~an'=


    ph;:,;:,/-? ligry' is that not yet sufficient pay?

    in tJ ~ tJ'W

    J.,

    "'

    V to be enduring, lasting,

    permanent.
    X:! tJ ~

    5~ b~11~~'U jaul~w'm~jcob'
    finished telling (it).

    (I) have not yet

    jan' V to stop, cease, refrain from, restrain; to defer, withhold. tJ ~ Fl111 jaukhid' V to ponder, pause to think.
    ~

    5iV!SeJn jau'og~ colloq. Not yet.


    ~ I

    X:!

    u ~ ( ... ) eltJ jau( ... )juu' to still be in (a place, 'IJ a state of), still be there, still be around, still be (thus and so), still be (doing such and such).
    ~

    tJ'U tJ

    X:!

    jabjan' V to stop, cease, refrain (from),


    ~

    restrain. o 6i'l16tJ'UtJ
    ~

    ot

    X:! ~

    sldthf?'jabja:n' veto power. 2. v u 1 g.

    o tJ o Fl

    c;

    biii n eJ tJ jauhg'jliu' to be still small.


    ~
    'IJ I,J,J

    tJ 111 jad' V 1. to push in, stuff in, cram in.

    ~ ~::;

    tJ i eJ tJ 'll'W khou' cajaujliu'-thiinii' might


    'IJ

    toeat. -syn. 2. Seen'W com.

    tHl

    427
    (e.g. people, creeping things).
    I

    tJ 1

    <9)

    stuffed, congested, crowded. o

    t.1 1

    <OJ

    'lliliYI, e:Jt.J 1 ~, 'IJ'W 1'W)

    jaa' (chanfd', jaau',

    l'llt.ilill~t.llillUt.JiiltJiil bladslad'jtadjad' V elab.


    colloq. to be crowded, congested, densely profuse.

    khanilan') 1. medicine, drug. 2. tobacco


    ( t.J 151'\J) 3. colloq. cigarette. 4. opium "l ( tJ 1 nw) NOTE. Where appropriate other

    o tJlil l UtJ lil1 ~ jadjtad'MV to insist upon giving, press upon.

    clfs. may be used, e.g. '1J 'J lil, L'1!:1-J, 'lieJ'W, l :1-Jiil,
    Vlt.l lil, Vliil eJ lil, VleJ,
    '1J tJ 1 khtijaa'
    ~

    '"

    OJ

    '"

    etc.

    Ulil~1
    ~

    jad'haa' V vulg. to eat: "to eat the


    I

    N 1. residuum (of opium). 2. an


    o=I

    plague." --+See also lllilll'Vl1.


    t.J'W jan/ V 1. to push against, prop, support.

    opium addict. V 3. to be addicted to opium. 2. to


    J

    ll'l

    s eJ ~ tJ 1

    ( 'li'Wiil, eJ tJ 1 ~ , 'IJ'W 1'W)

    khr9aujaa 1 (chanfd',

    confront. 3. to be intoxicating (of betel).


    1;u'W
    Q..l

    jaau', khanilan') N ingredient (of a drug).


    Qlil t.J 1 chlidjaal V 1. to inject medicine, inoculate.

    ( el'W) maajjan' (?an')


    a..J

    N crutch.

    I.._,.

    t.Jlllbt.Jt.Jllt.J'W

    jagj~c:'jagjan'

    colloq. to hobble;
    v

    2. to get an injection, a shot.


    'W,1t.l 1 namjaa' N 1. com. chemical solution

    to move haltingly, with difficulty, clumsily.

    ~'WU'W jyynjan' V 1. to confirm. 2. to insist,


    maintain, stand firm.
    J_,

    (nontech. term, e.g. as in "permanent wave solution"). 2. a kind of sauce made of fish, coconut cream and other ingredients and served with vermicelli.

    tJ 'W
    ~

    j~n'
    <OJ

    V to be afraid.

    t.J'U

    jab' V 1. to be broken, torn, ruined, damaged, bruised, wrinkled. sV 2. till bruised and torn, till battered and broken; severely, heavily (of loss).

    1'lJ tJ 1
    J_,

    ( 1'lJ) bajjaa/ (baj')

    N tobacco leaf. N medical

    1'U51~t.J1

    (b'U) baj'saujaa' (baj')

    prescription.
    1. to collapse, go to pieces, be

    ~ ew u'U j~jjab' v

    tl ~ ~ tJ 1 pruujaa' V to compound a medicine,

    ruined, destroyed. 2. to go bankrupt. sV 3. ruinously, severely, heavily; in pieces, till in pieces. --+S y n. 1. See 'Hl iYI 'J 1 tJ

    '

    concoct a remedy, make up a prescription.

    l :1-J 1 tJ 1 mawjaa/ V to be drugged, doped, into xi-

    cated with drugs.


    t.J 1 rl'W l ~ eJ
    OJ

    U'U lU'W jabjaan' V 1. to collapse, go to pieces, be

    1S 1'1

    jaakan' chyarl}ogl N antiseptic. N medicine for dysentery. f.Eng.]

    ruined, destroyed. 2. to be wrinkled, crumpled (as of cloth, paper), battered (as of a wrecked car), torn, broken, bruised (as of the flesh). sV 3. ruinously, severely, heavily (of loss); in pieces, till in pieces; till ruined, battered and broken, bruised and torn.

    t.l1llll'Diil jaak~c:bld'

    t.J1Fl%'W jaakhwinin' N quinine. [A1il'W

    t.J1~1rl'Jbb:Wiili jaakh~a'tuamalc:c:u'

    insecticide.

    tJ 1 ~lil jaachlid' N medicine for injection. tJ 11il:W jaadom' N 1. smelling salts. 2. inhalant. tJ 1 bblil
    ~

    -s y n.

    1. See 'J eJ lil 'J 1 t.J.

    jaadc:c:u' N mercurochrome.

    t.J'UU'U jubjab' sV 1. heavily, severely (of loss).

    '

    tJ 1 bl1 tJ jaathaajl N purgative, laxative. tJ 1'1Tiil bl jaanad' N snuff (tobacco preparation). t.J 1'Y111 jaaphfdl N poison.
    0 ')

    V 2. to lose heavily.
    ~

    t.J'U liJ jab' V to keep, store. t.J'U m in t.J'U t.J


    ~
    ~

    '

    !o:

    jabjau' V to stop, cease, refrain

    1 ~ t.J 'l'W'\1 waau'jaaphfdl to poison.

    from, restrain; to defer, withhold. o


    ;t

    "" t.J1 b:Wiil

    "' ( b:Wiil) jaamed' (med') N (medicinal) pill,

    61Ylot.J'Ut.J~

    !o:

    sldthf?ljabjau' vetopower.

    tablet.
    tJ 1 ~::: 'lJ 1 tJ jaarabaaj' N laxative.

    tf1 jQal V 1. to excite, arouse, provoke, irritate. 2. to tease.


    t.J 'J 1 ~ jQacaj' V 1. to tempt. 2. to be tempting.
    J_, J_,

    t.J1ill~1L~A jaa'-ragsila'rl'log' N medicinal drug.


    tJ 11l ~~ jaa'wfseed' N miracle drugs. tJ 161 :W'W 1'V1 S jaa'- samun'phraj I N medicine pre-

    tJ 'J t.J 'J'W jOajuan' V 1. to entice (sexually), to flirt.

    2. to be enticing.
    t.J 'J l t.J t.J juaj fa' V to be crawling with, crowded with
    !o:
    ~

    pared with local herbs or medicinal plants.


    t.J151iil'U jaasalob' N anesthetic.

    '

    428 tJ 1 ~~'U jaaslifan/ N toothpaste, dentifrice. l9l n tJ 1 n togjfiag/

    v 1. to sink into poverty' become

    o tJ 1 ~~'Ut:H jaaslifan/pMtJ/ N tooth powder.


    t1 16\'U jaasuub/ N tobacco.
    'U
    'V
    <V

    impoverished. 2. to suffer hardship.


    l iJ'Un 1 HJ 1n penkaan/jfiag/ 1. to be difficult, to

    o n6HH t1 16\'U ( e:JlJ)


    'U

    kl~tJ/jaasuub/

    (?an/)

    be a difficult matter. 2. with difficulty.


    tJ 1 n llA'U jfiagkheen/ tJ 1 n 'l 'tJ A'U--

    tobacco pipe.
    'V

    to be impoverished.

    tJ 1liil'U jaas~n/ N prepared tobacco, pipe tobacco. tJ 1liil'tlM ~ jaaseebtld/ N habit-forming drug,

    jfiagcon/ v to be poor, poverty- stricken. poor people; poor person.


    A 'l1 d.J-- hard-

    narcotic.
    dJtJ'W1 jiawjaa/ V eleg. 1. to cure (e.g. a

    ship, poverty.
    tl1f1'l'U'1J'UllA'U

    jfiagcon/khllnkheen/ V elab.

    disease). 2. to treat (with medicine).


    6\'UtJ 1 suubjaa/
    'U

    co 11 o q. to be poor, hard up, needy, impoverished.

    to smoke (tobacco, opium). (khon/) N medical doctor,

    vr:w eJ tJ 1

    ( A'U)

    m~ojaa/

    "'"' tl1f11ild.J'l'U jfiagdii/-mii/con/ elab. colloq.


    (whether) rich or poor.
    tl 1f1TI'l ::;Vt'l-!l f1'U jfiag/thticawil.u/kan
    d
    <V <V

    physician.
    tJ 1 lB jaa/ V 1. to calk. N 2. dammar, substance

    1. hardly to

    used for calking boats. 3. niello, or some type of colored enameling compound inlaid in jewelry and ornamental wares made of metal.
    tJ 1 '1J ~ l n eJ n jaakhadryag/ N c om. shoepolish.
    <V "' <V

    be hoped for.
    I

    2. (it is) hard to hope for.

    tl1f1 l~'U jfiagjen/ V colloq. to be very difficult.


    ~ ~

    tJ 1 n jOujfiag/ V to be complicated and difficult;

    to be troublesome.
    I

    fl 'l1 :W-- difficulty, confu-

    tl1'1Jii1Se:J~

    l'l11 jaa/khadroot~tM.aw/ N eleg. shoe-

    sion, trouble, problem.


    'l1'U8'U~e:J'Utl1f1

    polish.
    61 ~ tJ 1 lotJjaa/ V to apply niello or some type of

    wtianoon/s:Sonjfiag/ V elab.

    colloq. to be untractable, unmanageable, disobedient, unruly.


    'l1 tJ 1 n wfiajtiag/ to be disobedient, untractable.
    '\it 1 tJ 1 n hil.ajfiag/ to be scarce, rare, hard to find.

    enameling compound; to inlay (something) with niello or an enameling compound.


    d

    o lAS eJ ~ ~ HJ 1 kh!JatJ/lotJjaa/ N 1. nielloware.


    2. jewelry or ornamental ware inlaid with

    o '1Jel'l'Vt1t11f1
    d
    ~

    kh~otJ/haaj.~ag/

    something rare,

    colored enameling compound.


    bld.J tJ 1 ( A'U) jtia/ (khon/)

    -s y n. 1.

    l AS eJ

    something hard to find.


    tl 1-!l jaatJ/ N 1. resin, sap: "yang." 2. rubber. 3.

    N 1. paternal grandmother,

    colloq. rubber tire, rubber band.


    bAs eJ W 1-1
    d

    father's mother. P 2. you, she, her, Grandma (sp. to or about one's paternal grandmother);

    ( e:Jtl 1 ~, 'LI'Uiil)

    '

    kh!Jaujaau/ (jaau/, cha::::

    nfd/)
    l91'Utl 1
    ~

    ...

    N rubber goods.

    I, me, Grandma (paternal grandmother sp. to


    grandchild).
    I I

    ( l91'U)

    tllnjaau/ (tlln/)

    N rubber tree, i.e.

    tit! 1 ( A'U) puu/j.a/ (khon/) N ancestors ("pater-

    'Uo1iJ'UtJ 1 ~ mimman/jaau/ N dammar, resin. tl 1 ~ lll91 n jaaut eg/ to have a flat (tire), a blow- out.

    ...

    the tree from which latex is derived.

    "'
    I

    nal grandparents").
    I

    tit! 11111 tJ 1 tJ ( A'U) puujtia/taajaaV (khon/) N an<u


    cestors: "paternal and maternal grandparents."
    tJ 1 n j.iag/

    Sblr-J:Wtl1~lbl91f1

    r6dpMm/jaauteg/l Mycarhas

    a flat.
    tJ 1 'll ~ti:W jaauthiam/ N synthetic rubber.

    1. to be hard, difficult. 2. to be wantpoor people, the poor; poor person.

    ..,

    ing. A'U--

    tl 1 '1 S 1:1,-- tl'Ul91


    (s~n/,

    ( liil'U, '1J 1 'l)

    jaatJr6d/, jaatJ/r6djon/

    '1J1'dtl1f1Vt:W10lb'YH khfiawjtiag/maagpheD/ elab.

    khfiau/)

    colloq. famine or hard times to exist, food to be scarce. A'd 1 :W tJ 1 n b ~bjj khwaamjfiagkh~n/ N 1. hardship. 2. poverty.

    tJ 1 ~ S lil tJ 1 '161'U
    v

    <V

    ( l ~'U)
    ( el'U

    ...

    N automobile tire. rubber band.

    jaaurad/ (s~n/)
    )

    'n e:J'U 'bb '11 'l


    ...

    jaaul6b/ (?an/, k~on/,

    thtu/)
    tl 1 ~ fil eJ S bl

    N (rubber) eraser. ( l ~'U) jaau/l5or6d/


    (s~n/)

    N tire

    Llil tJ 1~ t1 1 n

    dooj /m~jjfiag/ without difficulty.

    (for any kind of wheel or vehicle).

    429
    I "'

    S eJ 'J L'111 tJ 1 'J kh.au')

    ( Fl,
    'II

    '1.1

    1 'J ) roo:gth::iawjaau' (khOu',

    place, area, region. C 2. elf. for same.


    tJ 1d-J jaam' N 1. time (as "time of war"), period,

    N eleg. rubber-soled canvas shoes,

    tennis shoes.
    &11 fil tJ 1 'J l.adjaau' V to be paved with asphalt. tJ 1 'l
    <9.l

    era, hour (as "hour of need"). C 2. elf. for same. 3. elf. for three- hour watch periods, the first of which starts at 6 P.M. Normally there are four watch periods in the night, the pMj.au' (tua') N roast duck. last ending at 6 A. M. N 4. short for fl'\J- watchman, guard.
    o tJ 1d-J'Vr'W 'J
    d

    j.au' V to roast (over an open fire), to

    barbecue.

    L11fil~1-!l (~'J)
    tJ 1 'l l!l

    j.au' V to step, take a step, set one's foot


    C:

    (in, on, etc.).


    o
    eJ1~b"lfilLJtl1'1
    ~"i
    I

    jaam'nyn 9 P.M.

    ?aaju?l-cedpii'j.au' eleg.

    o 61 eJ .:j tJ 1 d-J s:Soujaam' midnight.


    o 611d-Jt.l 1d-J saamjaam' 3 A.M.
    b'l.l1tl1d-J kh.wjaam' V to be on duty (as a guard,

    (he's) almost seven years of age, very nearly seven years old. o

    eJ1tJ~1'1 L;1 L~filiJ


    9

    ?aaju?l-j.a:g'-kMwcM'piil

    night watchman).
    '!1'Vr1StJ1d-J (Fl'W)

    el eg. (he's) going on seven, between six and seven years old.
    .:J
    I
    'lJ

    thaManjaam' (khonl)

    N sentry,

    guard .
    iJ"l!DJd-JtJ1d-J madchim'majaam' N lit. midnight.

    b'W 'I tJ 1 'J b'1.1 1 ph~uj.au'kh.w:::: just about to enter,

    .., ..,

    just entering.
    tJ 1 'I '1./'W j.au'khtn::::
    d'

    tJ 1:WA'U'I.I'W jaam'khabkh.[nl N time of emergency,

    V e 1 e g. to begin, enter

    troublous times.
    I

    (the next phase of development, e.g. to begin one's second year of life}.
    tJ 1 'In 'I , Lil eJ 'l - 9

    tJ 1 :Wfl"1 jaamkh.m' N 1. evening (from sunset to

    midnight), evenings. 2. in the evening. pN in the evening.


    V
    I

    1'W--

    j.aukOu 1 , myau 1 j.aukOu 1

    Rangoon. [f. Bur.]


    tJ1"Jn tJ 1171 S 1 (fl'W)

    tJ 1:1.1 b'111171 s jaam'chaawtruu' N the early morning;


    'II

    jaacog' N eleg. beggar.

    early in the morning.


    tJ 1:wiiin tJ1:W171'W

    1'W--

    in the early morning.

    j.adtraal V 1 it., e 1 e g. to move in proces-

    jaamdyg' late at night.


    jaamt~n/

    sion; to march; to walk.


    tJ 1 'W
    <9.l

    N the first watch period, 6-9

    jaan' N e 1 e g. conveyance of any kind

    P.M.
    t.J1:W'Lin~ jaam'pogkatl?/ 1. normaltimes. 2.

    (land, sea, or air).


    :;Jn

    s [I 1'W' s bl-(khan')
    :;JnstJ1'WtJ'W171

    ( rl'W) cagkajaan', r6dlcagkajaan'

    N e 1 e g. bicycle.
    (rl'W) cagkajaan'jon' (khan')
    d

    peacetime . .., tJ 1:1.1 S n"el-1 n 1 S ( A'W)

    jaam'ragsaakaanl (khonl)

    N e leg. guard, sentry.


    tJ 1:w:Sn 1~

    N eleg. motorcycle.
    ')

    jaamlwfkaan' N el eg. 1. wrong or

    ~ 'Wtld-Jt.l

    1'W

    ( ~ 1, b Fl S eJ 'l)

    phajoom'jaan' (lam/,

    inappropriate time, i.e. nighttime. 2. at an inappropriate time; also

    khrtau 1 )
    tJ'Jfilt.I1'W

    N e 1 e g. aircraft. jOadjaan' (khan')


    I "-

    1'\J-- .

    NOTE. Primary

    (rl'W)
    v

    N eleg.

    reference is to the period from 12:00 noon to 6 A. M. when it is improper for a priest to eat;

    vehicle.
    [j

    1'W'W1'Vr'IJ::;

    ( fl'W, eJtJ 1 'l, "li'Wfil)

    jaan'phaahana?l

    but

    tJ 1 d-J 1n 1 ~ is commonly used to refer to

    (khan',jaau',chanfd')
    tJ1'WtJ'W171 (Jtl1'l)

    N eleg. vehicle. N eleg.

    nighttime as an inappropriate time for some given action or activity.


    tJ 1 :W 61 'J fl S 1 :W jaam' sCSukhraam' N 1. wartime.

    jaanjon' (jaau')

    motor vehicle. o neJ'ltJ1'Wt.I'W171


    (neJ'J)

    koou'jaanjon' (koou')

    N
    I

    2. in wartime.
    tJ01tJ 1:1.1 j.m'jaam' V to mark the change of a

    e 1 e g. 1. department of motor vehicles. 2. m i 1 it. motorized unit.


    tJ 1'W l!l

    nighttime watch period by beating a gong or drum.

    jaan' V to be drooping, sagging.

    tJ 1'\..\ j.an' N 1. part, section (of a locality), district,

    qn"el-'11:WtJ1:W~ r~8guaam'jaamdiil N elab. colloq.

    t.IUI

    430

    auspicious time.
    eJt.Jt.J 1:W juujaam' V to be on guard (at a place).
    'IJ
    I

    poddedcowpea. cowpea plant.


    1J'Wt.J11

    11l'W--

    (111'W)

    "'

    long-podded

    t.J1:W

    (t.J1:W, 1'U) j.am' (j~am',bajl}

    N bag,

    (n~:::'lHJn) pyynjaaw' (krab?:>::>g')

    satchel (with shoulder strap or loop).


    tJ 1 :W lD in

    shotgun; rifle.

    J1 :W 19
    I

    j~amcaj'
    j1lmj~am'

    to become emboldened

    ~eJ'W!'W~eJ'Wt.l11 phons~n'ph?:>njaaw'
    cession.
    ;)..Jit.J11

    V idiom.

    (as a result of previous success). -..syn. 1;19.


    tJ 1:W sn

    to ease tensions by compromise or mutual con-

    in

    ~:Wt.J

    1:W

    V 1. to meddle, be

    meddlesome, be in the way, fool around where one does not belong. 2. to be in disorderly profusion (as of a beard, moustache}. 3. to be a wriggling mass (as of worms).
    tJ 1 tJ ( Fl'W) jaajl (khon') N 1. maternal grandmother.

    (~'d) maajaaw' (tua') N 1. bench. 2.


    +

    pew.
    tJ 1 1111::: l Vlfl'W L'LJ'W jaaw'taleenp~en' colloq. to be

    extremely long.
    tJ 11 l 'lJ jaaw'paj

    to be too long.

    P 2. you, she, her (sp. to or of one's maternal grandmother, or any elderly woman); I, me (grandmother or elderly person sp. to younger person). T 3. title for girl or woman.
    I I

    t.I1'JL~eJt.J

    jaawtyajl colloq. tobeverylong,

    extremely long.
    tJ 1 'J "' tJ lil , "' tJ lil tJ 1 1 jaawj9Yd', j9Ydjaaw' V to be

    lengthy, extensive (of objects; of time). Nan-

    'lJt.J11111t.l1t.l
    'll

    (Fl'W) puuj.altaajaajl (khon')

    t.J11LV!~t.Jiil jaawjlad' V tobestretchedlong,


    long and stretching.
    U'Wt.l 11 jyyn'jaaw' V 1. to be long-lasting, dura-

    cestors: "paternal and maternal grandparents."


    lb:J.Jt.J 1t.J ( Fl'W)
    m~jaaj'

    (khon') N (man's) mother~

    in-law. -..co mp. in-law.

    lb:J.JJ;.J 1

    (woman's) mother-

    ble. 2. to be extensive, protracted.


    ~1t.ll111t.l11

    saajtaa'jaaw' to be farsighted (both

    tJ 1 tJ V jaajchii' N nun.
    'U

    -..s y n. See

    66~V.
    t.1'1
    0J

    lit. and fig.). jam' V 1. to mix together, blend. 2. to make (a salad). N 3. a kind of salad.
    t.1'1 lD

    tJ 1 tJ Vl'W jaajnuu' P you, she, her (sp. to or of a

    female child}.
    tJ 1 tJ jaajl V 1. to move (i.e. change the location of

    in t.1'1 Ln ~ ~ jamkreeu' e 1 e g. to respect, be in awe of.

    something); to transfer, relocate (some person or thing). 2. to move (one's location, one:s place of residence); to transfer (e.g. change one's place of work).
    v

    t.1'1 sn

    in Ll:W'Wt.J'1 m~njam'* sV 1. accurately, clearly, vividly, well. V 2. to be accurate, correct.


    I

    NOTE. lb:JJ'Wt.J'1

    is chiefly used to describe the

    t.l1t.I'U1'W jaajMan' V to move (one's place of

    memory, remembering.
    t.1'1 j~m' V 1. to tread down, tramp upon. 2.

    residence). 6bt.l n tJ 1 tJ
    j~gjaajl

    V to separate, go (their) sepa-

    c o 11 o q. to walk.

    rate ways, spread out, move off separately.


    tJ 11 jaaw' V to be long (of objects, generally not

    1'ULV!~t.J'U~'1

    (1'U)

    baj'jlabj.m' (baj')

    N land

    certificate (issued on the condition of use and improvement, e.g. as to a homesteader).


    I I

    oftime).
    d

    Fl11:J.J-- length.
    d

    -+Ant. !'W.
    r

    o b:J.J eJ ~ eJ n tJ 1 1 ~ 1 1 Vl'W Hl 'IJ'W

    m9au~::>g 1 jaaw'- raaw2

    t.1'1F1'1 j.mkh.m' colloq. 6P.M.


    ru

    n)rukhm' when the shoot (plant) is about one arm's length long.

    t.1'11111Jn j.mt5g' V colloq. to walk, hoof it (e.g.

    when transportation is not available).


    v

    l~:J.Jt.J11 (el'W) kh~mjaaw'(?an 1 ) N minutehand


    (of a clock).
    d cJ1~t.I1'JFlfl'W
    I

    t.1'1 L'111 j.mthaaw' V to mark time (with the feet).

    o
    I

    b~'Wt.J'1L'tl1 d88n'j~mthaaw' to march (as soldiers).

    chfiaujaawkhl9Yn' N tech. wave

    length.
    1111:J.Jt.J 11 taamjaaw' lengthwise, longitudinal.
    m~nt.111
    J.,
    ~ ~

    t.J'1t.J 1 :J.J j~mjaam' V to mark the change of a watch

    period at night by beating a gong or drum.


    t.J'1t.J j~mjii' V 1. to trample on, crush.
    I

    <>

    (~n) thuafagjaaw' (fag')

    N long-

    2. to

    431

    invade, overrun. 3. to oppress, domineer.


    I I

    in English by "super-," as in "superheated."


    rJ ~'l'tJ'W1LJ jtnjtn.tkh9npaj.l better and better,
    d &'

    rf1n j~mrfiu.l colloq. 6A.M. q


    I I

    o
    v

    b 'Hl1 t:f1 ~'I weelaa.lj~mriln.t N 1. dawn. 2. at q

    more and more, progressively, increasingly. f'J ~ VI'W 11'11 jtnnAa.ttaa.t V to multiply, grow in number (of itself); to thicken (as of a crowd). f'J HW EI'W n 'J 1
    ,1
    I I

    ,:

    dawn.

    t:h jam.t V to emphasize, confirm, repeat.


    ~ n 'l j fgj fg.l

    11 0 q. repeatedly and in quick

    jtnj~m.lkwaa:::

    to differ in superiority

    succession.

    or inferiority (with respect to some quality, as size, beauty, diligence, etc.). -Often used in negative constructions. o ~EJ~A'W'W ~1rJ1J..JrJ~VIrJEJ'Wn':J1n'Wb~rJ
    J/
    I

    ~ ~ jin.l V to shoot, shoot at.

    ~ ~ lii\JV'\'l jin.ldabchtib.l co 11 o q. to shoot to death.


    ~ ~ 1'1 n jintog.l V to shoot down, to drop (by shoot-

    ,J

    a.~

    s3:Jnkhon:::

    ing).

    nti.l siiaj.l -m.jjtnj~:m.lkwaakan.l-lddV ~ Neither of these two is inferior to the other in beauty. o lileU':J1 ~8~A'W'Wrl~VIrl8'Wn':J1n'WLLA1VI'W duu.lsi:::
    '\J
    I

    ~ ~ 1'11 f'J jiutaaj.l to shoot to death, shoot dead.

    "' ~ ~ bLJ 1 jiup~w.t 1. to shoot at targets. 2. to execute by shooting. o ~'W 1J..J~ ~ bLJ 1 ( Lb'IH) sanAam.ljinp~w.t (hen.t) N target range.
    v
    I

    J-'~

    Q..l

    w.a.t- s:'bnkhonnti.l j tnj:m.lkwaakan.l- kh~e:nAj '~ See how much these two differ (in superiority or inferiority)!

    ~ ~'ir'W jiufan.t V 1. to show one's teeth (by drawing back the lips). 2. colloq. to grin.

    t ~LVI~ jtnjaj.l V to be great, powerful, important. q~ t -1 j11njtn.t V to be confused, confusing, entangled, intricate, mixed up, in confusion. 8 rJ 1 ~ f'J o
    d
    ~

    ~ ~ 1 ~ eJ ~ '\J

    jin.l m~jjuu.l cannot drop (e.g. an animal)

    (by shooting).

    jaanjtn' extremely, exceedingly.

    s:::; lilJ..J~ ~ radom.ljin.l V to fire a volley, concentrate a heavy fire (on).


    ,:

    b!il'W 1:::: 8 ~ 1 'It~ Llil f'!- - chaph5? .ljaanj tn.t, dooj:::

    chaph5?.1jaanjtn.t in particular, especially. o


    b'iJ'W 8 rl 1
    1

    Vlf'J li1 ~ ~ judjiu.l V to cease fire. q


    ~

    ~ t 'I

    penjaanjtn.t in the extreme, to the

    f'J

    jtn.t V 1. to be extreme. sV 2. extremely. AA 3. especially, increasingly, progressively (see examples below). o


    bJ..JEJ~J..JI'I1J..Jb'iJ1

    utmost.
    rl'W

    jin.l V to hear. -Chiefly in compounds. The ordinary word for "to hear" is

    1;~'W,

    as below.

    L'/J1n8~

    qJ

    blil'WbS'J'tJ'W m9aph0m:::

    1;~'W
    "'~

    d.jjin.l V to hear.
    ...
    'U

    taam.tkhaw- khawk~jtndddn.trewkh9n.t~ When I followed him, he walked all the faster. o 8 ~ 'W el'W n 8 ~ 'tJ Ln 8 01 j tnn:J:Jn.tk~j tnkhtiklad.t t
    J
    ~

    o 11ilrJ'Wn'UVI d~jjin.lkahuu.l to hear with one's own ears.


    VA

    ~o:J

    IV

    <V

    o 11ilu'W11il'YH

    d.jjin.ld.jfan.t elab. colloq. 1.

    The more you sleep, the lazier you become. o 81 b n 8 ~ li1 jtnrew.tjtndii.l~ The faster, the better. The sooner the better.
    ,J
    I

    to hear. 2. to have heard of. o

    .::>

    'ir~ 1~1;~'W fan.tm.jd~jjin.l


    of noise, etc.).

    can't hear (because

    8 ~ n ':J 1 jtnkwaa.t sV more than, to a greater

    ~'WA jindii.l V to be glad, pleased.

    A':J1:W-- glad-

    extent than.
    ,::1
    I

    ness, pleasure (in the sense of "state of being pleased" only). o 'W 1 ~'W A n~a.t jindii.l to be delightful, conducive to gladness, wonderful.
    ~

    o f'!
    8
    d
    &'

    ~n ':1

    1'W'W jtnkwaanan.t moreover.

    ~'tJ'W
    c:~d

    jtnkh9n.l more, increasing, increasingly.


    &-'

    o '11 ':J 8 ~ 'tJ'W thawii.ljtnkh9n.l V to accumulate, increase (of itself). o J..J 1 n f'J ~ 'tJ'W ~n'l1 m.ag.ljtnkh9n.lthUgthii.l more and more every minute; progressively more. 8 ~ 'W n j tnnag.t exceedingly .
    rJ
    .J
    ~
    cl
    &"
    .::>

    o rl'Wiil'll jindii.lthti::: is pleased that (such and such has occurred).


    A

    o;d

    o rl'Wiil'll'l::::

    o;d

    jindii.lthtica::: is glad to (do thus and

    so), will be glad to (do t11us and so). o bb~lil~A'J1:W~'WA(fl'U) to congratulate. sadeen.tkhwaamjindii.l(ka:::)

    rJ ':1 li1, rJ ':1 li1 rJ

    ,::1

    jtnj11ad.t, j11adjtn.t V 1. to be

    extreme. sV 2. extremely. --.Often rendered

    432 B'WEHJ:W jinj~~m' V to consent, agree. rl'1-'-'

    ~'W
    s l an g
    1. not much. 2. It's nothing ( expres-

    ( 'V a , 'lJ s ~ n 1 s )

    consent.
    d

    sing either insignificance or contempt). [f. Chin.]


    fJ L~ j titMo'

    B'U in the following entries. B'U


    '-'
    'U

    N oleander. 111 J n - III'W-( lil'W)

    ( 111 an )

    oleander

    "1 j fbj fbi V to be glittering, flickering.


    d

    flower.
    fJ 61 ~ in
    .!_,

    oleander plant or shrub.

    61 Bm11 s0u 1 j fbtaa' V i d i o m. to fight, resist until death.


    '-'

    rl'l fJ 61 ~ thUajtiso:n' N writ. peanut. -See


    .!_,
    ~

    also ~ 'J lil61 ~ , a colloquial variant.


    t:J'VIS~ in
    d""'
    J"-'

    B:w jfm' V to smile.

    l:wt:J'VIS~ m~jjtira?l slang

    nottogive

    ~'Wff:w
    q,
    I

    ..,

    fyYI11jfm' V to force a smile.


    t:J'VlJ

    a hang, not to care about.


    ( tJ'Vla)
    jtih~~~ (jtih~~')

    'l'IS 1tJ8:W phraajjfm' N trace of a smile.

    N 1. brand, brand

    ~:wn ~:w jfmkrlm' V to be smiling happily, beam-

    name, make (of merchandise), trade mark. 2.

    ing.
    tJ:Wn~ LstJn~S1111 jfm'-karta'kar~ad'

    1'

    to smile

    fJ lil jyd' V 1. to seize, grab, grasp, get hold of.

    .,.

    co 11 o q. type, kind, variety. [f. Chin.]

    wryly and sheepishly, with embarrassment, confusion.


    t:J:WU~i&~

    2. to capture. 3. to confiscate. 4. to hold back; to hold, retain. o ~ 111l <\J'W J 1oU'l'l jyd'pen?aachtib' to have or hold

    1'

    ~:WLL'lJ'W jfmp~n/ to smile broadly.

    ., .,
    '-'

    .,

    jimchen' to smile broadly, happily .

    .., .,.
    o

    as an occupation .

    8:W'l'IS 1t:J jfmphraajl to smile radiantly. rJ:WfJ a~ jfmj~n' V to smile joyfully.


    I

    L'V 1 fJ lil khliwjyd' V to capture, seize, occupy.

    ~:WLLtJ:W jfmjtem' V to smile broadly, cheerfully;

    "'

    n1s~n L;1~1il kaanbug'kh~wjyd' N invasion. ~ill Fl s a ~ jydkhr~~n' V to occupy, take possession


    of (by force). jyd'dliajl V to seize, capture .
    '1

    to beam.
    ff:w6'1 ~ l:w jfm'lamajl to smile pleasantly.

    ..,

    ~[i) l;
    "' .!.-

    ~:WLL'Vl~ "1 jfm 1Menhten 1 to smile dryly, mirth-

    fJ 111 :W'W ( b'W)

    jydm~n 1 (naj::::)

    1. to hold fast (to).

    lessly.
    v

    2. to believe firmly (in).

    8mL'VltJ

    .,

    "1 jfm'jeejee' to smile sheepishly, wryly .


    ( LL'Vl ~, HW) lagj fm 1 (hen', r~~jl) N dimple.

    ~ i1l l;

    jydwajl V 1. to confiscate. 2. to hold up,

    6i'n 8:w

    .,

    hold together, support, prop (i.e. in order to keep something from falling down, falling a part).

    a:w8:w ?omjfm' V to smile knowingly, or in a

    mildly amused and patronizing manner (without parting the lips).


    fJ. jii' the English letter "G." [f. Eng.] -+Also ~.
    ~ ~

    ~ 111'Vl6i'n jydlag' V 1. to cling to a pole, post. 2.


    to cling to, hold to a principle.

    "" fJ [i)

    jty"d' V to stretch, extend, lengthen.

    ~ jiil V to crush with a rubbing motion.


    lo

    ,., n 1 s"" fJ [i) Ill 'J kaan' jty"dtua I N 1. stretching. 2.


    ph y s. expansion.

    fJ 1tJ

    j~mjiil

    V 1. to trample on, crush. 2. to

    invade, overrun. 3. to oppress, domineer.

    "" 111 tJ 1 'J , fJ 1 'J "" fJ fJ 111 jty"djaaw', jaawjty"d' V to be


    lengthy, extensive (of objects; of time).
    "" J' fJ i1l LfJ a jtydjyal V to be greatly prolonged, to

    ~t:J 'J'W jiijuan' V 1. to excite sexually (by caressing). 2. to be enticing.


    fJ
    d
    G>

    jtil Nm "two," as in the following entries.

    last a long time.

    -cf.
    "' d

    61 a~

    ~ [i) L'J lil1 jty"d'weelaa' V 1. to get an extension


    of time, to extend, prolong (the allotted period of) time. 2. to delay. twenty-one.

    LliH1'WfJ dyanjtil the second lunar month. fJ 8'U


    d !'t d

    ( llo) jtis lb' Nm twenty.


    <;

    o tJ6i'ULal11 (iJ) jtislb?ed' Nm


    IJ
    'U

    ~111'Vllill; jtydhod'~ajl
    elastic.

    V to be capable of exten-

    fJ iJ in tJtJ

    jOujti' V to be wrinkled, mussed, crum-

    sion and retraction, of stretching and shrinking,

    pled up, distorted.


    tJ Ln jtikee' N colloq. musical folk drama. -+Also
    J
    d

    ~111'Vl~'W jty"djl.m' V to be elastic. n1s-elasticity. Fl 1 1 :W- elasticity.

    phys.

    ~ Ln writ.
    V

    tJL~t:J in l:wt:JL~t:J

    IJ

    (l)m~jjtic~~jl;(2)m~jjtic~~v!

    ~'W jyyn' V to stand.

    433

    LJ~::;rJU~'W pratMh'jyyn' V roy. to stand.


    U ~ "' li'W j~tJjyyn 1 V to be enduring, lasting, perma-

    L'lf1lld.J chw'jyym' V 1. to rent (from). 2. to

    "'

    "'

    take (goods) on a lend-lease basis. o 1m'lf1Ud.J MjcMw'jyym' 1. to rent (to). 2. to lend-lease.


    1 ;~ d.J Mjjyym' to lend. lld.J j)'rym' colloq. variant of ~d.J. u eJ
    J-' J-' J-'
    v
    I "'

    nent.
    ~'Wn ~ 1'W jyyn/kraan' V 1. to stand firm, remain

    unyielding. 2. to insist.

    "' ~ U'W'/J'W jyyn'kh9n' to stand up.


    ~'Wiii'W jyynt6n' V to remain growing, hence, to
    be perennial.

    in

    U eJ LW

    j)'ryj~en'

    V 1. to seize, take posses-

    sion of by force. 2. to engage in vigorous rivalry. U ju?/ to urge on, incite, spur, prod.
    ~

    o 'W'I.ili'Wiii'W ( lii'W, 'lf'il~) ph9Yd'jyynt6n' (t6n', cha::: nidi) N perennial plant.


    "' d

    ......,

    U-i
    ~

    jujou 1 ju?jon' V to incite (to something bad). V to excite, arouse.

    li'W'l1 jyynthii 1 V 1. to be stable, stabilized. 2.

    LU1 U jawju? I
    u Fl
    ~

    to stay put.

    jug' C age, era, period, time.


    u An~-!!
    ~ ~

    ~'W'W 1'W jyynnaan' V 1. to last, endure. 2. to


    live long.

    i'lii'WLn~'Wm"'

    jug'-kruu'radtanakoosln' the

    Ratanakosin (Bangkok) period of Thai history, from 1782 AD (BE 2325) to the present.
    ~Fllii'W

    "' li'W~ -i jyyn 1 muu' to stand crowding around. "' U'Wll ~ jyynjou' V 1. to stand firmly, remain
    steadfast. 2. to last, endure. 3. to maintain.

    jugt6n' N the first period, the earliest

    period. UA1 Vi~ jugmajl N the new period; the latest


    ~

    ~'W6''W jyynjan/ V 1. to confirm. 2. to insist,


    maintain, stand firm.

    period; the modern age.


    U-!!
    .,

    ~'Wli1'J jyyn1 jaaw' V to be long-lasting, durable,


    extensive, protracted.

    (
    9

    Fl'J)
    ~
    1

    jUtJ' (tua')
    a./

    N mosquito . jUtJ'k6nplou' (tua') N anopheles

    u~n'WlJiileJ~

    (lii'J)

    ~'W 1n

    jyyn1 roou'

    1. (someone) to be a main~ ~

    mosquito. jOtJ' V 1. to be confused, confusing, entangled, intricate, complicated, involved. 2. colloq. to be a nuisance, a pest, meddlesome. 3. to
    be involved, associate (with someone). 4. to be involved, occupied, busy. 5. to bother, con-

    stay. 2. to have the longest or most prominent role (as in a play); to have the same role every time.

    ~'W'Vf6'~ jyyn'jad' V to stand firm, be steadfast,


    unyielding.

    ~'W eJ eJ jyyn 1 ?::>::> 1 V to crowd together, be crowded


    together, stand in a group.
    lild.J'I'Hli'W 16m1 thaujyyn' colloq. to fall from a
    ~ -i

    cern, involve oneself.


    d
    v

    Ln U'J n'U jOtJklaw'ka::: V to associate with, get involved with.

    "'

    ~"'

    standing position, keel over.


    d

    ~ ~ ~ 'l jOtJkhltJ' V co 11 o q. 1. to be highly involved,

    U'W j9Yn 1 V 1. to stretch (out), extend, project. 2.

    complicated, confusing. 2. to have dealings (with), have to do with.


    8--11 "l jOtJcaj/ V to be worried, perturbed, confused.
    9

    to hand out. 3. to hand in, file, submit.


    d

    li'WFI1'1.1 1 ~ j9Yn'khamkhaad' to deliver an ultima-

    tum.
    U'W b'U61d.JFI ~ j9Yn'bajsamig' to submit, file an
    d
    "l
    v

    u --1ld.J L'1.1 1 L~ eJ --1 jOtJ'ma.jkhawr9an' co 11 o q. to be 9

    unnecessarily meddlesome; to fiddle with things one has no business touching (as of a child).
    ~ 'I

    application.
    d d "'

    ~'U

    "'

    - applicant.

    U'W'\'l eJ ~ j9Ynf:S::>tJ' V to submit a case to court.


    "' U'Wd.JeJ j9Ynmyy' V 1. to interfere, intervene.

    U1 n jfitJja.ag' V 1. to be complicated and difficult. 2. to be troublesome. Fl'J 1d.J-- difficulty, confusion, trouble, problem.

    2. to offer one's services.


    U'W ( ) 1Vi j9Yn'( ... )Mj:::
    A

    "'

    V to hand over to.

    .I ~'lU-i

    jfitJj!u' V to be confused, confusing, entan-

    Vfli'Uli'W jlbj9Yn' V to give, offer, hand over.

    gled, intricate, mixed up, in confusion.


    ll 'l LVffJ 'I jOtJj~;:ltJ' V to be in great confusion,
    9
    I

    ~d.J jyym' V to borrow.


    '1J eJ ~ d.J

    kh3::>jyym' V to borrow, ask to borrow.

    disorder.

    434
    I
    I~

    b!:J'W

    !:J HHJ n'U jfin/juuka:::: co 11 o q. to be involved in, q 'II

    lapse. 4. to melt down (e.g. a metal object). 5. to dissolve, abolish.


    tJ'UtJ'U jubjab/ sV 1. heavily, severely (of loss).

    engaged in, busy with.


    tJ 'l

    "' ( tJ ~, 'l-Yi'l) jU.U/ (jun/, l~n/) N 1. barn, storeq '

    house, storage bin (for rice). C 2. elf. for same.


    !:J ~ ~ See q

    V 2. to lose heavily.
    tJ'Uiil'l:IJ1 jub/lonrnaa/ V (a structure) to collapse .
    !:J'U~Jl1

    tJ ~ q

    tJ ~ judtl ?/ V to terminate, close, end, cease, conq

    jub/saphaa/ V to dissolve the assembly,

    elude (of itself).


    tJ ~ 6 n :1J judtitharn/ V 1. to be just, fair. N 2. jusq

    the parliament.
    tJ'W ~ 1 'li ( l 'l Fl)

    '\

    jubphadad/ (?on/)
    j!lmj~am/

    N crown prince.

    tice.

    n 1 ~-- judicial affairs, justice. Fl 'J 1:1.1--

    ~:IJ

    in

    ~:IJ!:J

    1:1.1

    V 1. to meddle, be meddle-

    justice. -Also
    ns:::m'J'ltl~6n:W krasuan/judtitharn/ N Ministry q

    some, in the way, fool around where one does not belong. 2. to be in disorderly profusion (as of a beard, moustache). 3. to be a wriggling mass (as of worms).
    !:J tJ jOj/ V to be ready to fall apart at a touch (as of

    of Justice.
    n S:::: 'U 'J 'W n 1 ~ !1 ~ 6 ~ ~ :IJ krabuankaan/ judtitharn/ N q

    judicial administration (collectively, viz., the courts, the police, various government departments).
    1!1~6 n:w ?ajudtitham/ V 1. to be unjust, unfair.

    overcooked food, rotten wood).


    I

    bbllln~!:J

    tf:eg/jfij/ V to break up easily into bits,

    disintegrate (of itself) .


    !:JtJ

    N 2. injustice.

    Fl'J1:1J-- injustice.

    NV V 1. to protrude, be protruding. 2. (cheeks)


    to be round, chubby.

    !1'116-,-!1'116 jud/tha::::, ::::jud/, -jud/. q q

    Bound form

    meaning "to fight, to battle," as in the entries below.


    ml~'l16

    tJh'tJ juroob/, juroob/* N Europe. [f. Eng.] q '111 'J !:J 1

    (bl'U'U,ltl1'l) konlajud/ (bhb/,jaan/)

    N a European (khon/); Europeans (ph(lag/).


    tJ 'J- juwa::::. Bound form meaning "young, youthful."

    nJ ( Fl'W ''W 'J n) chaaw/juroob/ (khon/, phaag/)

    1. e 1 e g. tactics, strategy. 2. strategem. 3. c o 11 o q. trick.


    nu~m

    Same as b!:J 1 'J , b !:J 1 'J!:J 'J 'li'W

    jaw/, jawwa::::. N youth, young

    'tJS:::Iill'l!:J'I15 prabon/jud/ V eleg. to maneuver,

    hold maneuvers. -syn. "11l:W~'U


    ~'116n1~
    ~

    kaanjud/ N eleg. fighting, battle.

    ( Fl'W)

    juwachon/ (khon/)

    "'

    people. -+Used esp. of youth organizations, as formed during World War II.
    ~.
    I

    corn. N eleg.

    (FlS'l) jlid/thakaan/ (khran/)

    juu/ the English letter "U." [f. Eng.]


    'd

    military operation; battle.


    tl'I16'U~b'Jl:ll. ('U~b'Jl:ll.,bl'l-Y'l) jud/thabooriween/

    !:J jfiu/ V to be dented, distorted in shape.


    'II

    tJ !:J j!luj ti/ V to be wrinkled, mussed, crumpled


    'II

    (booriween/, hen/) N rn i 1 it. battle zone, war zone; theater command.


    ~

    up, distorted.
    !1 'l, 'Wn-'ll

    ( !il'J)

    juun/, n6gjuun/ (tua/)

    N the com-

    ~ '116 Jll:ll.'fl

    jUd/thaphan/ N military equipment,


    <u

    rnon peafowl (Faro cristatus).


    !:J 1 'W juunoo/ nN UNO, the United Nations Organiza"'

    implements of war.
    tJ '116 JlSJ ( bl ~ 'l ) jud/thaphuurn/ (hen/)
    'II

    N e 1 e g.
    b tJ

    tion. [f. Eng.] -Full name under l 'l An 1 S. jee/ V to be leaning, aslant, not straight.
    1;b; j6ojee/ V to be leaning, aslant, not straight,

    battlefield, battleground.
    tJ '1161 fi jud/thawithii/ N mil it. strategy; tactics. !:J '115 f'l1 ~Ill~ jud/thasaad/ N military strategy; q

    "'

    crooked, out of plumb.


    b tJ n See b tJ"1J, 'W ~::::-'II

    military science.
    tJ '116'W 1 , -- n 1 S jud/thanaa/, jud/thanaakaan/ N

    1 tJ n b tJ n under 1 tJ n

    jeesuu/, phrajeesuu/ nN Jesus.

    e l e g. military engagement, battle.

    "' jen/ V 1. to be cool, cold (of the weather; of b tJ'W


    inanimate objects; of body parts). N 2. evening. C 3. evening. V 4. to be evening. Fl 'J 1 :IJ-the cold, coldness. -Dist. 1. 'l-Y'W1'J. -Ant.

    !:J'U

    tJ'I116'tJn ~; judthoo/pakoon/ N el eg. war materiel.

    jub/ V 1. to diminish in size, intensity. 2. to sink, settle (of earth). 3.- to cave in, give way, col-

    435

    LtJ1

    1.
    'LI"

    Hl'W.

    "'W'I-Y jenhuu' V to be pleasant to listen to. b tJ'


    'II

    "' n 1 u'l'l b tJ'W


    ~

    kaafeejen' N iced coffee.


    (:Wel) kM.awjen' N 1. leftover cooked
    J-'

    "' W j9agjen' V to be very cold, bitterly cold. b "" tJ an Lt.J' "' W n.J bt.J'
    r6mjen'

    '1111 LtJ'W

    1. to be peaceful, tranquil.

    rice, cold rice. 2. spec i a 1 evening meal, dinner (myy').

    2. to be shady.

    -s y n.

    "' 2. eJ 1 '1-Y 1 n tJ'W

    "' weelaajen' N 1. evening. 2. in the L'J lil1 LtJ'W


    evening.

    o fl'W'll1 'J bfJ'W kin'kM.awjen' to eat dinner.


    1Sl L~'W cajjen' V to be calm, steady, cool-headed,
    v

    VYn1:w~ L~'W hogmoo:ujen' colloq. 6 P.M. six


    o'clock in the evening.
    eJ tJ b tJ'W LLJ'W Gi 'IJ juujen'pensug' V e 1a b. to live in
    'II
    9

    imperturbable. ..... Ant.

    1 Sl ~ eJ 'W
    '

    'lf1 L~'W 0J chaajen' N iced tea. 'lf1 LD'W l!:J chaaljen' V to be cold, indifferent,

    "'

    ."i

    happiness, in peace and contentment, to live pily.


    81'1-Y1~

    hap~

    unfeeling, cool (e.g. toward someone).


    I

    ;;

    b'ti1 Gi1tJ 'U1[J

    btJ'W

    n1li1

    c::;

    ch.iaw' saajl ooajl

    "' btJ'W

    J' OW)

    ?aaManjen' (m)Ty')

    N eleg.

    jen'

    k~d~ajl

    (it can be) any time during the


    ~

    evening meal, dinner.

    day: "early morning, late morning, afternoon, evening."


    I

    "' jeb' V to sew. Lt.J'U


    Alii b tJ'U tad'jeb' V to cut and sew; hence, to tailor,

    "'

    <;

    wJ b tJ'W chee'jen' V to put (something) on ice.


    I

    make a dress, make a suit, etc.


    c;c./
    Q...l

    0:

    q_,

    o -11'WU'tibtJ'W :uaan'-chee'jen' idiom. thework is shelved, put on ice, remains cold and untouched (sarcastic). 111 eJ'W bD'W t::>::>njen' in the evening. ..., "' ..., 111 b tJ 'W ( lll , 1'U) ttlujen' (ttlu', baj')
    'II 'II

    b tJ'Ut.J n bin~

    atJ jebpag'thagr5:Jjl v 1. to do needle-

    work. N 2. needlework.
    b DI.Jj;J 1 jebpMa' V to sew.

    o N icebox,

    L'IJ:W b tJ'Uj;J 1 (
    v

    "'

    "'

    un.J)
    Q/

    kMm'jebpMa'
    J

    (l~m')

    sewing needle. o q n ~ LtJ'U j;J 1 ( Fl'W, b f1 ~ eJ ~ ) cag'jebpMa' (khan', khcya:u')


    <;
    I
    Q.-' ....

    refrigerator.
    '11 b tJ'W
    v "'

    cl

    "'

    1 thti'jenjen' cool places.

    N sewing machine.

    'Wo1 b tJ'W mimjen' cold water.


    d "' L:WeJ LtJ'W m9ajen' this evening, this late afternoon

    "' ( , ) LGi "' tJ jeb'( ... )sia' to sew up. b tJ'U


    LtJ'U 1 Gi

    jeb~ ... sajl to sew or make up (some-

    (prior to present).

    thing) to wear.
    Lt.lt.l,- -'1-YtJ'W j~ajl, j~ajj&nl V to mock, ridicule,

    "' j~agjen' v to be very difficult. tJ 1 n b [J'W "" "' Lq "" , I Lt.J'W t.J'U jenc 1ab colloq. to be very cold,
    ice-cold.
    b D'W1 q jencajl V to be unworried, calm, relaxed,

    jeer, laugh at.


    LtJ eJ in LtJ 8'1-Yt.J ~ j~ajl:u' V to be haughty, vain,
    J J

    proud.
    LtJ eJ in Lt.J'W b tJ eJ
    j~nj~al* V co 11 o q. to be lengthy,

    composed. -Ant.

    ;eJ'W1~.

    "' L9W'U "" b tJ'W jenchlab' to be extremely cold, icy


    cold.
    LD'W'li1 jen'chaa' V 1. to be cold, unresponsive,

    overlong.

    "" jaaramanii' pN Germany. [f. Eng.] b tJ eJ ~ :J.J'W


    ~

    b tJ eJ ~ :J.J'W jaaraman'

    N German, Germany. [f. Eng.]

    unfeeling, cool (e.g. toward someone). 2. to


    be numb from cold.
    LD'W Vli1 jench9Yd' V to be stone-cold, cold and

    tJ ~:::; L'YIA LtJ eJ ~ JJ'W prath~ed'jaaraman' pN Germany.


    LtJ eJ:::; j8?1 V co 11 o q. 1. to be a whole lot, a great deal, plenty. sV 2. plentifully. o :iJLtJeJ:::; miij8?1 there's a lot, there's plenty.
    bt.JeJ:::;LbtJ:::; j8?jt?l colloq. idem btJeJ:::;,
    b tJ 1

    tasteless (of food which should be served hot).


    b tJ'W Li)tJ'U jenchiab' co 11 o q. to be ice-cold. b t.I'W'W jennii' this evening. b D'W btJtJ'U, L~t.J'U b D'W jenjtab', jtabjen' V to be
    "' Jt

    "'

    ..,

    jaw' V to be little, low (in magnitude).


    j~mjaw'

    tJ eJ:J.J b tJ 1

    V to be inexpensive, reasonable,

    very cold, bitterly cold.


    b t.J'W lil ~ Jen'lo:u' to get cool, get cooler, cool off. Lt.J'W 'J'W'W jen'wannii' this evening.
    "'
    ~
    <t

    moderate. -+Often also spelled tJ eJ:J.J b tJ 1 'J


    ~

    1 Fl1 b tJ 1 raakhaajaw' (a) low or moderate price;

    Jt

    priced cheaply or moderately. -+Often also

    li:J 1

    436

    bbi:J dJI:JtilrJiil,rltillrJI:Jtil

    spelled

    nfl1LI:J1'J.

    jtadjad/,jadjtad/

    tobe

    L I:J 1 jaw/ V to tease. L!'.l 1!'.l jawju?/ V to excite, arouse.


    r '

    stuffed, congested, crowded. o

    LDUiilb~UtilbrJUliltJtil bladslad/jtadjad/ V elab.


    co 11 o q. to be crowded, congested, densely profuse.

    L!'J 1 'J, L I:J 1 'J- jaw/, jawwa:::: V to be young, youthful.

    -+Also
    t:J LI:J 1'J
    'II

    ~'J-.

    ( A'W) pMujaw/ (khon/)

    N 1. 1 a w a

    o rltilbiJUtilb;( jadjtad/Mj/ to insist upon giving, press upon.


    LU!'J'W in L!'.l!'.JJ.Jb!'.J!'J'W jtamjian/ V to visit, pay a
    d ""

    minor. 2. 1 it. youth, youngster.


    !'J 1J.J L!'J 1 'J See !'J 1J.J LI:J 1 under

    LI:J 1

    L!'J 1 'J V'W

    ( A'W) jawwachon/ (khon/)

    N youth,

    visit.
    ~

    ;:

    young people, youngsters.


    0

    Lu U'U b!'J'W, LU'W L U !'J'U j tabjen/, jenjtab/

    c:

    QJ

    A1 ~ L ~ n bb~::;

    L I:J 1 'J V'W sAandeg/lejawwachon/


    d

    V to be very cold, bitterly cold.


    LU!'JJ.J

    N juvenile court.
    LI:J1'J..1!'J jawwaj/ V 1. to be young, underage.

    jtam/ V tobefirstrate,best,top,tops. chanjtam/ top grade, excellent, best.


    d

    J'W b dU:W
    <;

    N 2. childhood.
    d
    ~

    L'I./A til

    ""

    b!'J U:W ch()og/diijtam/ first rate good luck.

    1 fl1 L!'J 1 'J See

    11'l1 LI:J 1 under LI:J 1

    bU UJ.J iEJ jtam/ V to visit. LU !'J :W b!'J U'W jtamjian/ V to visit, pay a visit. bUU:W'Vf'W1 jtamniia/ V to stick one's head out to
    d

    b!'J 1::; j5? /


    ~

    V to mock, ridicule, jeer at, laugh at.

    'Vf'J l n:::: l u 1::; hilar;)?/j;)?/

    to laugh at, ridicule

    and laugh at.


    Lfi'W in the following entries. rJ'U Lfi'W jabja<m/ V 1. to be collapse, go to pieces,
    d

    see; to look out.


    LiJU'J in LiJ!'.J'JU1 jiawjaa/ V eleg. 1. to cure

    (e.g. a disease). 2. to treat (with medicine).


    b!'JI:J'J jtaw/ V 1. com., vulg. to urinate. N 2. com.,

    be ruined, destroyed. 2. to be wrinkled, crumpled (as of cloth, paper), crumpled, battered (as of a wrecked car), tom, bruised, broken

    vulg. urine. -+Syn. 0'616i1'J::; euphem.


    ,j

    eleg.,

    L'U1

    (as of the flesh). sV 3. severely, ruinously, heavily (of loss); in pieces, till in pieces; till

    l !'J 1

    ( bbt:J'W)

    j~a/

    (phf:n/)

    N membrane, fascia,

    pellicle.
    ,j

    ruined, battered and broken, bruised and torn.

    bU l'U 1-:J jtabaau/ N membrane, thin tissue. L I:J 1 L:Wan jtam~ag/


    ,j ,j ""

    -s y n.
    laud.
    ,J

    1. See 'J !til 'J 1 u .

    N mucous membrane.

    b fi'I.W 1 jaanj~~/ V to speak highly of, praise,


    J ..,

    bU a1tJ

    j9ajaj/ N attachment, bond, tie (esp.


    "" J' tJ li1 b tJ a j~djya/ V to be greatly prolonged,

    between related objects or persons).


    j~nj8a/* V colloq. to be lengthy,

    L!'J'W in b!'J'W L!'.J1

    J' LtJ a in

    ..,

    overlong.

    to last a long time .


    b~ 1 n
    ~

    bfi:W j~am/ V to ooze, exude .

    ..,

    al

    jtag/ V to be cold, very cold.


    ~

    'Vfu11illfi:W jaadj~am/ V 1. to look honey-sweet,

    b tJ'W b1:J an, L1:J an b tJ'W jenj~ag/, j?agjen/ V to be

    c:

    rich and sweet, meltingly sweet (as of candied fruit, honeycomb, a woman's eyes). 2. (music) to be rich and sweet, gorgeous, mellifluous .
    LU!'.l in
    .!!'
    ~

    very cold, bitterly cold. ness, calmness.

    fl 'J 1 :W- - chill, cool-

    L~a nLb ~ 'l j9agkhtu/ V to be frozen solid. L~an


    iEl

    U 'J LU u juaj fa/ V to be crawling with,

    .!!'

    j~ag/ rM modifier used with

    'VI 'J "to

    crowded with (e.g. people, creeping things); to be moving about in great numbers. l UU
    d
    ~

    quiver, shake."
    .J' bI:J a.:J (9) .J' bi:J 1 'l iEJ

    jyau/ V to be diagonally opposite (from). in


    .., b~ 1-:J n n u jyaukraaj/ v to walk slowly

    jtau/ like, in the same manner as, in (such and such a) manner.

    and gracefully, walk with an air (mostly of women).


    L~ a'W jyan/ V e 1 e g. to visit, call on. bbi:J

    LDU HJ tJ 1-:J jtaujaau/ N established example,

    pattern. LJ !'J li1 in the following entries.

    jte/ V 1. to be too bad.

    2. to be in trouble, in

    a bad way. 3. to be helpless.

    Ll rJ

    437

    un bW unU'W jagjte/jagjan/
    bbU'V!'WeW bW LW fl ( rB'J)
    j~eg/

    ....

    Q...l

    '1-'

    V colloq. to hobble;

    LW 'I jED/ V 1. to contradict, conflict with. 2. to

    to move haltingly, with difficulty, clumsily.


    j~e/n::,V

    object. 3. to oppose.
    'lllilLlU ~ ( rl'W)
    'V

    too bad; kind of bad.


    N a kind of ground lizard.

    khadj8D/(kan) V to be in conflict,

    je/ (tua/)

    disagree (with one another), contradict (one another).

    V com. 1. to separate, part, go apart.

    2. to divide up (into). 3. to analyze. -+Syn.


    6io1bb'Wfl eleg. fl1Hb8fll'l'W
    kaanj~egton/

    1;bb;'I
    'V

    t(}ojED/ V 1. to argue, dispute. 2. to

    contradict.
    .;v

    N phys. fission. 1. to

    LLU 'I 'ti'W jED/kh9n/ V 1. to interrupt (in talking),

    bblilflbl8fl,--rl'W thgj~g/, thgj~g/kan/ V

    break in. 2. to contradict, utter a contrary statement.


    bW'U

    break up and separate (as a group of friends), to split up. 2. to break off (a friendship). 3. to be split off, separated. fl1 S-separation,

    in the following entries.


    j~ebkhaaj/

    bW'U Fl1 U

    V 1. to be ingenious, skillful,

    dissociation; (act of) breaking a friendship.


    'Yl1 HW n

    clever. 2. to be right, appropriate, wise.


    bbrl'UUiil jtbjon/ V 1. to be tricky, cunning, ingen-

    ( 'Yl1 'I ) thaa:r)j ~eg/ {thaan /) N 1. side

    road, road or path branching off the main thoroughfare; roads branching from a fork. 2. branch line.
    bbrlfl rBTU S::; fl eJ'U jteg/tuaprak~:Jb/ V rna th. to

    ious. N 2. trick.
    bbrl'U IJ

    in

    rJ eJ'U bb8'U

    j:Jbj~b/*

    V colloq. 1. to be

    too little, insufficient. 2. to be running out, low.


    3. to be poor.
    LW :W j Em/ V 1. to burst into bloom. 2. to open up,

    factor.
    bbUfl '111 'I j~gthaa:u/ V to go separate ways.

    open, part. 3. to reveal (e.g. one's thoughts).


    'V

    Ll8fl51~ j~gtMad/ V to analyze chemically.


    bbU nl~ eJ eJ fl

    8:wuu:w

    jimjEm/ V to smile broadly, cheerfully;

    j~eg/m~j?~::>g/

    1. cannot be separated,

    to beam.
    LL S fl bW :W rtegjEm/ first- blooming.

    cannot be taken apart. 2. cannot separate (something).


    bLU flU 1 U
    j~gjaaj/

    o
    V to separate, go (their) sepa-

    lileJnl~bbSflbb;:W d::,::>gmaaj/r~egjtem/
    a simile for a young girl.

    a flower

    which is just beginning to open. -+Often used as

    rate ways, move off separately.


    LWflbbU::;
    j~eg/jt':?/

    V 1. to analyze, split up into

    bbU bbGi j ES./ V to pay attention (to), mind, show

    components. 2. to branch out, diverge, become differentiated (into multiple components).


    cl
    I

    interest (in).

    1~bWbb61 m~jjSt/
    bU1::; j? / V

    not to pay the slightest atten-

    61LWf1

    (bb'VH) slij~g/ (hen/)

    N intersection

    tion, to be completely indifferent. colloq. 1. to be a whole lot, a great

    where four streets meet (or, in the Thai idiom, where they part).
    bbU 'I jD/ V to insert, poke into, probe into.
    bbUi~:Wn
    '\1

    deal, plenty. s V 2. plentifully.


    U'JeJ::;bbt.J::;
    j~?jt?/

    colloq. idem.

    jen/camuug/ to pick one's nose, insert

    bW mw::; j~eg/jf?/ V 1. to analyze, split up into

    (something) in the nose.


    bU'J
    ~ j~en/

    components. 2. to branch out, diverge, become differentiated (into multiple components).

    V to struggle to take; to scramble for;

    to grab, snatch by force.


    I I

    bbfl ~ bW i kenj~D/

    V 1. to engage in rivalry, vie

    1; j6o/ V to be leaning, aslant, not straight. 1; b; j6ojee/ V to be leaning, aslant, not straight,
    crooked, out of plumb.

    (with). 2. to be at odds (with), at loggerheads (with).


    dY
    I

    1un1; j~ogj6o/ 1tJ fl j(}og/ 1un bUfl

    V to be evasive (in speech), drag

    UeJ bW ~ jyY"jtD/ V 1. to seize, take possession of by force. 2. to engage in vigorous rivalry.


    I ~

    out (a discussion) (by evasive speech).


    V to sway, oscillate, rock back and forth.

    bbt.J i fl'W jten/kan/ V to compete, vie with one

    j~ogj~eg/ V 1. to sway, oscillate. 2.

    another.

    to vacillate. 3. to prevaricate.

    438

    Hl

    1tJ n1; j6ogj6o'


    1tJ n 1tJ'!J

    V to be evasive (in speech), drag

    between related objects or persons).


    Lll bb:Wfl ~ :W:W ( Lll , Li'W)
    9

    out (a discussion) (by evasive speech). j6ogjoonl V to rock and sway, pitch

    jaj'malDmum1 (jaj',

    .,_,

    s~n')

    N 1. spider web. 2. cobweb .


    ( L1.1'\J) s~njajl (s~nl)

    and toss.
    '11'd1tJn hilaj6og' N digging stick (for planting

    b 1.1'\JLll

    N fiber, filament.

    Lll l1

    in

    ~ 'd ~ Lll

    huaujaj' V to be worried, anxious,


    A 'd 1 :W- -

    rice).
    LtJ 1 LtJ 1
    CQl

    concerned.

    concern, care.

    joou' V to link, join, interconnect. joou' N base (in games). juuljoonl V 1. to remain at base (in

    EJ

    CQl

    See entries below. mfjajl regardless (of), disregarding (the


    ( ~ eJ)

    li

    :Wlll

    eJ~LtJ 1 'II

    fact that), even though.

    games). 2. to hold the fort, i.e. stay on duty (as in an office, a store, etc.) while other employees take time off.

    1~1 tJ ~

    m~jjajdii' (t~;:,~)

    to be indifferent

    (to), not care (for), pay no attention (to).

    1 tJ
    1~

    li

    jajl lit. why? wherefore?


    'Vlll 1n 1~

    1~ 1

    j6oul V co 11 o q. to be tall, high.

    in

    jaagj~j

    N cobweb. -+Also spelled mng. 1.

    LtJ'Il; j6od/ C a unit of distance, equivalent to

    m)n l~. -+Dis t. LtJbb:W61 ~:w:w 9

    about 10 miles.
    LtJfi1 in LtJfi1 L'Ylf'i'U1fl joothaa'tMesabaan/ N

    Public Works.
    0

    n ~ :w LtJ fi 1 L'f1 f'i'U 161 kroml- joothaa'th~esabaanl

    N Department of Public Works.


    LtJ'lJ
    CQl

    S r;:,;:,l

    LOW consonant. Pronounced r initially,


    fl in pron.

    joonl V to toss, throw, cast.


    Sn

    n finally. -+May be confused with

    LtJn ltJ'l.J j6ogjoon' V to rock and sway, pitch

    r6g' V 1. to be disorderly, untidy, cluttered, full of clutter, a hodge-podge. 2. to be overgrown, neglected, covered with disorderly plant growth.

    and toss.

    LtJ'I.J'Vl~:W joonluml N a kind of gambling game in


    9

    which the stakes, consisting of pennies, small cards, or marbles, are thrown or shot toward a hole or holes.
    1mJ'I1'd1tJ'l.J;eJtJ

    s n s 11
    ~

    r6gniaul

    to be deserted, desolate, dis-

    orderly and deserted, neglected and uninhabited. V colloq.

    joonhUaljoonk~jl

    sn;1n r6g1 ruuraul V elab. colloq. to be disorderly, cluttered, untidy, messy, a hodge-podge.

    to flip a coin.
    :ll'W
    li

    in

    ~8'\JLtJ'l..l

    ?o;:,njoonl V to be gentle,

    sn'V!sn!111 r6ghi:iu1r6gtaa/ v (a person or thing)


    'II

    tender.
    LtJ'iJ (Lll'iJ) joonii' (jooniil)

    to offend the eye (by being out of place in otherN lit.,anat. vulva;
    ~

    wise pleasant or orderly surroundings).

    (loosely) female genitalia.


    LtJ:l.J jooml N 1. one who supports a priest. P 2.

    ll

    r6gl

    N placenta. N birthplace, domicile, resi-

    sn:l1n
    lil ~
    :!::

    r6gr~agl

    I, me (king, parents, older people, or supporters sp. to priest); you (priest sp. to parents, older people, supporters).
    b\!1 ~Lll:W ( A'W) j~adjoom/ (khon')
    0

    dence.

    sn ~ 1 n

    t~D I r6gr~ag'

    to settle down perm a-

    nently, take up residence. N relatives.


    0

    ~~ sn n n faulr6gr~ag/ idem.
    roul

    Lll LtJ joojee' V 1. to cry, complain, be given to

    :l ~

    N gamboge, a kind of gum resin.

    crying, complaining. 2. to back out (e.g. from a commitment).


    LtJ
    CQl

    srn ron' V lit. to fight, battle, wage war.


    Sbli. ~ 1 A

    ronnarou' N lit. fighting, battle.

    (LI.1'W)

    jajl(s~nl)

    N fiber,filament;web.

    S fl

    r6d' V 1. to water (e.g. plants). 2. to sprinkle (as in certain ceremonies).


    'V

    vn Lll cMgjaj I
    d

    to form threads' spin a web

    or cocoon (as spiders, silkworms).


    LtJ eJLll j?ajajl N attachment, bond, tie (esp.

    S fl'Wo1

    r6dnaam' V 1. to pour water on, to water.

    2. to besprinkle with holy water.

    Hl

    439

    Hl

    'VIfl H1 h0gr6dl V to spill, be spilled (over smthg.).

    (khabuan'); express bus (khan').


    s ~lil'U l 'W~ 1 ( rl'tJ)

    ~ ~ ( A'W) r6dl (khan') N vehicle. Class term usually fol. by a specific term, e.g. :l ~ l '\'l. Fl'W-co 11 o q. chauffeur; also
    Fl'W 'IJ'U
    ~ ~

    r6d'dabphl88tJ' (khan')

    fire engine.
    S ~ Llil tJ G1 1 S ( A'tJ)

    com.

    r6d' doojsaan' (khan')

    N 1.

    'IJ'U 1 'W ~ ~ ( '1J 'U 1 'W ) khabuanr6d' ( khabuan') N 1.

    passenger car (as opposed to freight car). 2. bus.


    S ~lil eJ'tJ l ~ tJ 1
    ( rl'tJ)

    railroad train. 2. procession of vehicles.


    ~

    r6dltoondiaw' (khan') N coupe,

    'IJ'U ~ ~ kha.br6dl V to drive a car.

    Fl'W-- driver,

    roadster.

    chauffeur; also Fl'W S ~


    'IJ'W ~
    &'
    ~

    co 11 o q.

    ~ ~R'tJiil::; 'IJ 1'\J ( rl'W) r6dltiintakhaab' (khan') N


    caterpillar tractor.

    kh9nr6dl V to take, board, get on a train

    or bus; to take, get in a car.


    1'11 S ~ kh.ar6d' N fare, carfare.
    ~

    s~i11 (rl'tJ) r6dtMn' (khan') N milit. tank.


    S~~'U
    (A'tJ)

    r6dthlib'(khan') N colloq. bicycle.


    ~

    ~'Us~

    cabr6d1 V to catch a bus or other vehicle.

    --Syn.
    S ~bb~fl~ [

    S~~f1StJ1'tJ

    eleg. N taxi.
    S m6;f1~.

    [tr. f. Eng.] l A'W a~ d8;mr6d' V 1. to operate a line, manage a fleet of motor vehicles (e.g. a bus line). 2. to drive, operate a motor vehicle.
    lilfla~

    ( rl'tJ)

    r6d'thtgstil (khan')

    l6~fl~

    f. Eng.] -+Also ( A'W)

    S ~'U lil ~'tJ'W

    r6d'bodthan6n' (khan')

    N steam

    roller.

    togr6d' V colloq. to miss one's train,

    S~'USS~fl (A'W) r6d'bantMg' (khan') N eleg.


    ~

    bus, etc.
    'fl::; l 'iJtJ'W S ~ thabianr6d' N car registration. ' 'lJ 1 tJ VI~ lil s ~ ('lJ 1 tJ , llj;.j'W) ptiajljudr6d' (p1lajl,

    1. truck. 2. freight car. -Syn. 1. colloq.


    S~'\JS::;~o1'tl1~
    ~

    ~ ~~lil1

    (Fl'W)

    r6d1-pracamlthaan' (khan!)
    ~

    phf:n!) N 1. bus stop sign. 2. traffic stop sign.


    tJ 11

    s ~ ( l G1'W, 'IJ 11)

    ...

    ...

    N eleg. bus, coach. -Syn. SDb:Wiil


    S ~'W tJ 1'\J 161 ( rl'W)

    colloq. N

    jaanr6d' (s@n', kh1lan')

    r6d'phajabaan' (khan')

    tire.

    ambulance.
    (A'W) r6d'kraffi?/ (khan')

    S~flS::;'lJ::;

    N hand

    s ~'W 1 1

    ( A'W)

    r6dphOau' (khan')

    N 1. trailer,

    truck, handcart.

    vehicle drawn by another vehicle. 2. a train r6d' kudatJ', r6d' koodan' of vehicles coupled to one another.
    S ~l '\'l ( 'IJ'U 1 'W)

    ~ ~ ~ li11 , ~ ~ 1nli11
    (khan')
    ~~'USS~fl

    (A 'W )

    N co 11 o q. (motor) truck. -+S y n. eleg. N sedan (car). N 1. tank.

    r6dfajl (khabuanl)

    N train. f11 S--

    railway affairs. o fl HJS ~ l '\'l krom'r6dfajl N State Railways Organization. o 'lf:W'fl11 s


    9

    s~ l

    n
    1

    ( A'W) r6dketJ' (khan')

    S~lf1S1::;

    (A'W) r6dkr~?/ (khan')

    2. armored car.

    ~l'\'l

    ( b6~1)

    chumthaau'r6dfajl (hen')

    "' W s ~ b"IJ'
    s ml'IJ 1
    ~

    ( A'W l r6dkhen' (khan') ( A'W l r6dkhtn' (khan') ( A'W l r6dcag' (khan')

    N pushcart. N racing car. N locomotive.


    0

    N railroad junction. o 'tl1

    ~ l 'l'l ( G1 1 tJ) thaau'r6dfajl (saajl)

    ~~

    f1

    1. railway, railroad.

    2. by rail.

    ~ ~~n s tJ 1'W ( A'W) r6d'cagkajaan' (khan') N


    eleg. bicycle. --Syn. S~~'U o ~~~f1StJ1'WG11:W~eJ saaml5o'(khan')
    s ~ l ~ f1
    ~

    s~l'\'l~'l'W

    ('IJ'U'l'W) r6dfajlduanl (khabuan')

    ...

    colloq. o

    N express train.

    (A'W) r6d'-cagkajaan'::;

    s ~l '\'lvt~ 1 1
    Abbrev. as

    r6dfajlluau' N Royal State Railways.


    S '\'l . ~ (S11)

    N eleg. 1. samlor,pedicab.
    ...

    ...

    2. tricycle. -+Also

    G11:W~eJ,S~G11:WiileJ.

    o nu~l'\'l road track.


    S ~:W 1 ( A'W)

    raau'r6dfajl (raan')

    N rail-

    ( A'W) r6dceg' (khan')

    N colloq. rick-

    shaw. --Syn. sm11r1

    eleg. N 1. taxi. 2.

    r6dmaa' (khan')

    N horse-drawn

    S~l~1

    (A'W) r6dcMw'(khan1)

    carriage.

    rented car.

    ~ ~ l :Wiil

    ( A'W)

    r6dmeel (khan')

    N colloq. bus.
    s~'\JS::;~o1'1111

    ~ ~lil 'l'W ( 'IJ'U 'l'W, A'tJ) r6dduan' N express train

    [ 6:W~ f.Eng. "mail"] -+Syn.

    For words not found here see also 61 and b]

    HI

    440

    eleg.

    ~'W ~'W dtnron/ V to struggle, struggle to free


    r6djon/ (khan/) N automobile. oneself.
    ~'WV!'l

    "'

    ~ rlf:J'Wlil ( A'W)
    0

    'l1'lUrlfJ'Wlil

    "' ('l1'l~.~'lf:J,b~'W) thaau/r6djon/

    ronh<la/ tolookfor,gooutofone'swayto

    N 1. highway (thaau/, saaj/, s@n/), 2. by automobile. o ~ rlf:J'WR bV'l ( A'W)


    o'
    I

    look for, place oneself in the way of (e.g. danger, trouble).

    r6djon/ch~w/ (khan/) N

    ~ D'W ~'W r6onron/ V to be anxious (e.g. for news,


    for help).

    eleg. rented automobile.


    0

    ~ rltJ'WR\11w ~ 1 ~
    N eleg. bus.

    ( A'W)

    r6djon/doojsaan/ (khan/)

    ~'W

    r(ln/ V to shorten, move closer (in time or space).

    ~'W in n~~~o!o~'W kratyy/ryyr6n/ to be anxious,


    enthusiastic, eager, in a rush (e.g. to do something).
    S'U
    ~

    ~ fW'WR'lJ ~ ~ ~ 1'11 'l ~ ( A'W) r6djon/ -pracam/::::


    0

    "'

    thaau/ (khan/) N e 1 e g. a regularly scheduled bus, motor coach. o


    d./., ~rltJ'WR'W~~'Yl'W~

    r6b/ V to fight, battle. n 'l (a) battle.


    '1.18:JJS'U

    ~--

    (the) fighting,

    (FI'W)

    r6djon/phnithtin~u/

    '!Tn-eleg.

    warrior, fighter.

    (khan/)

    N roy. royal limousine.

    s:bmr61Y V to hold maneuvers. ---+Syn.


    9 ...,

    Hl~'U ( A'W) r6dr6b/ (khan/) N 1. {military)


    tank. 2. military vehicle. o n D u m'U ( n D ~) kJou/r6dr6b/ (bou/) armored unit. N
    ~

    'lJs~~D~tJ'I15

    bl'W 1 S'U

    ( ll'W 'J, Iii 'l'W)

    neewr6b/ (neew/, da.an/)

    "' battle line, fighting front. -+Also ll'W'JVI'W'l.


    'Wn S'U phagr6b/ V to call a truce, a cease-fire.

    ~ m 'l ( A'W) r6d/raa/ (khan/) N co 11 o q. vehicles (collectively).

    ~ m'U

    ( A'W)

    r6dr6b/ (khan/)

    N 1. (military) tank.

    2. military vehicle. N streetcar, o n D ~ s m'U ( n eJ ~) bou/r6dr6b/ (bou/) armored unit. N


    ~'Un

    sm 1~
    o

    ( A'W) r6draau/ (khan/)

    trolley car, tram.

    HIS'l~ll'J~'l

    (A'W) r6draau/fajfaa/ (khan/)

    'J'W r6bkuan/ V to bother, trouble, annoy, vex.

    streetcar, tram.

    Fl 1 'l :W-- bothersomeness, annoyance; disturbance, distraction.


    S'U~ ~

    ~ ml'l n ( A'W) r6dHiag/ (khan/) N e 1 e g. rickshaw. -syn.


    ~m~n

    colloq.

    r6bphQu/ V to fight, wage war, engage in

    ~ rl~ ~ b\1 fJ ~ , ~rib Ml fJ ~

    ( A'W) r6d/ sabiau/ (khan/)

    a battle.
    S'U b S 'l r6braw/ V to beg, beseech repeatedly. b! 8 S'U ( &11) ryar6b/ (lam/)

    N dining car, restaurant car, diner.

    H~'l:JJ~D (A'W) r6d/saaml:b/ (khan/) N colloq.

    N warship. N

    "' samlor, pedicab. -Also ~ 'l:JJ&l D, ~ rl~n S fJ 1'W


    ~~:JJ~D.

    o n D ~ b! D S'U

    ( n D ~) kJou/ryar6b/ {bou/)

    fleet (of warships).


    ~'W'l:WS'U
    ~
    'II

    ~ri'VI'JD (A'W) r6dw3o/ {khan/) N colloq. ambulance, fire engine, police car (i.e. any vehicle with a siren).

    (lbV!~)

    san<lamr6b-' (hcu/)
    S ril 'WV!~ 'd ~

    N battlefield.

    S'U sQur6b/ V to fight, battle.

    S 'W . R . Abbrev. for

    Royal State Rail-

    "' HIVI&H n n ~ ( A'W) r6d/hQmkr~?/ {khan/) N 9


    armored car.
    ~

    ways.
    HJ
    C0

    rom/ V to subject to, expose to (smoke, fume,


    ~

    'l ~ S rl ( S 'l

    ~)

    raaurod/ (raau/) N railroad


    ~

    flame, etc.).
    :WFI 'J'W romkhwan/ V to smoke, be smoked (as

    tracks, streetcar tracks.

    L~ ~ b n'U ~[I ( L~ ~)
    garage. -Also
    I I

    rooukebr6d/ (roou/)

    a piece of glass).
    S:l-1 lfl in VfeltJ'W'l~~:l-1
    (ul'd)

    Ln

    ~ rl.

    -Dis t. ~H.

    h::'ljnaaurom/ (tua/)

    8 S r1 (D) ?iJur6d/ (?uu/)


    'll
    'II

    N garage {for shelter-

    oyster. -+Also VfeJtJih:w.


    S:l-1 (FI'W)

    ing or repairing cars). -Dist.


    S 'W roonoo/. Abbrev. for

    Ln bfl'U~ rl.
    the Royal Navy.

    r&m/ N 1. shade. 2. umbrella(khan/).

    s 'l 'ti'W 11

    3. to be shaded.

    HJ ron/ V to be restless, unable to stay still.

    Llillil; :l-1

    doodr&m/ V 1. to make a parachute jump;

    SJ.j

    441 to bail out (of a plane). 2. slang truant. to play


    ~

    S'J :w

    <9)

    in a very short time, very quickly (of time). 'HJ ruan' V 1. to provoke, irritate, pick a fight, a quarrel with (someone) (by means of provoking or irritating speech). 2. to pan-fry (as meat).

    lw ~:w

    najrelm'

    1. in the shade, indoors. 2.

    (as n. mod.) indoor.

    L'W~:W;1 najlrelmph~a/
    I

    under one's garment (ref.

    3. to be shaky, loose (of teeth, posts, etc.). 4. to be crooked, out of line (e.g. of teeth, rows of things).
    ~'J'W
    I

    to any part of the body covered by clothes).


    '\'H'l :1 :W
    I
    ~

    ( A'W)

    phonrelm' (khon') illegal voter.

    N 1. paratrooper.

    2. slang
    ~ :WA ~ :W

    ruanreel V to be uncertain, wavering.

    relm'khrym' V to be nice and shady,

    'J'W

    r(lan' V to be friable, loose, crumbly (as soil). huar;)? lr(lanl to laugh heartily.

    cool and shady.

    vh l ~ 1::::; 'J 'W


    N para-

    s:w~iJ~ (~'W)
    chute.

    r6m'chuuchtib' (phY>rn')

    ~'J'\J
    ~

    r(lab' V 1. to grasp, grab; to gather together. 2. slang to seize, arrest.

    ~ :w~ 1 ( A'W)
    s:w1;

    '-'

    relmph~a' (khan')

    N cloth umbrella.

    1 '\J ~ 1 :W

    r(labruam' V to collect, gather together. r(labnid' V to cut short, make brief.

    (ll'J.-Y~)

    r6mmaajl (heu') N shade, umbrage


    ~

    ~ 1'\J i'fil

    of trees.
    ~

    1 :W ruam' V to combine, add, add up, sum up, include.


    >1

    "' :W li:J'W

    r6mjen' V 1. to be peaceful, tranquil.

    2. to be shady.

    ~ :W f7l r;,;,m;:,.;:,t;,;,l. Abbrev. for


    minister of state.
    ~:WI:J

    i'~ :W'W f7l S minister,

    A n:w

    cudruam' N center, hub (fig. sense):

    "combined points".
    :l 1'\J ~ 'J:W r(labrua
    1/

    V to collect, gather together.

    in

    ~'W~:WtJ

    ryynrom' V 1. to be pleased, find

    n:wniil:W ruamklum' V to form a group, gather


    9

    pleasure, enjoyment. -+Often


    S". L

    i~n--.

    into a group, assemble. S 1 :J..Jfl'W ruamkan' to put together, combine; to be put together, combined. S 1 :W A11 :W ruamkhwaam I V to sum up, summarize.

    Abbrev. for
    ( ~

    -H StJ'W school.

    :1 'J

    .:J

    1 <l) ruau' (ruau')

    N ear of paddy, ear of

    corn.
    [jjn ~

    'J ~
    ~

    togruau' V (ears of paddy) to set.


    ( :11 ~) ruauph}}u' (ruau')

    o S 1 :W A1 1 :W 11
    ~ ~
    I

    ruamkhwaam'w~a'

    in short, briefly.

    :11 ~ ~ ~

    N bee's nest.

    :B

    1:W'!'H
    :B

    ruam'thau~

    1. to include. 2. including.

    :11-:j rilau' V to fall, drop, drop off (as leaves from a tree).
    'tHHn.:j th5;,urQau' V eleg. 1. tohavediarrhea,

    1:W'Yl ~'J.-Y:WA

    ruam'thaumod' altogether.

    Gl1'W ~ 1:W suanruam' 1. the group as a whole. 2.

    common, collective. 3. broadly, on the whole,

    N 2. diarrhea. o

    l~A;eHS1-:j
    rhea.
    I

    r1Jog'th5:JtJrila:g'

    N eleg. diar-

    ~ 1 'W !il1 , ~ 1 'W ~ AAiil tJ ~:::: 1Ll V;'IJ 8 .:j ~ 'J'W s 1 :w prajood'kh~;,nsuanruam'
    in general. _,.A n t. the common interest, common good; the collective advantage.

    Yh ( ... ) :11 ~ tham'( ... )rilau' to make (something) fall off.


    ~

    'J:W

    <9J

    rilam' V 1. to share, join in, participate.


    I

    ~~ 1 ~ 1S tJ

    rilauroojl V 1. to deteriorate, degener'-'

    sV 2. in particaption, jointly, together. l 'IJ 1 ~ 1 :W


    kh~wrQam'
    0'1

    ate. 2. to be withered, wilted. 3. to have lost (its) vitality, vigor.

    V to join; to participate (in).

    ll bliil .:j n 1 HI!~ 1:W thallEukaan'r(lam' N joint com-

    b]lilL'U1~~~,H
    'U

    (b]fil) ryduw'bajmaajrilau' (ryduu')


    'U

    munique.
    I

    N fall, autumn.
    :11 fil
    <9J

    '!11
    J
    V

    .:j ~

    1 :W ( '!11 ~ , G111:J) thaaur(lam' (thaa:g', s<lajl)


    I A

    r(lad' C round, time.

    N junction, merging street or highway.


    'W'W 8 .:j S 1 :WV 1 [jj phtin:S;,ulr(lamch~ad' (one 1 s) fellow

    S 1 !ill ~tJ 1 riladdiaw' all at once, all at one time. S 1 fil ~ in :l11il l ~ 1 sV 2. quickly. o riladrew' V 1. to be fast, quick.

    citizens.
    l ~ eJ'W; 1 mT'W

    ( A'W)

    ph}}an'r(lamcMn' (khon')

    1'W l 1 611a'W ~ 1 fill~ 1

    najweelaa'?anriladrew'

    classmate.

    442
    L'\'lel'Wn:Wtl1r!
    ,J ,J
    I "'

    (Fl'W)

    ph9anlrfiamch~ad'

    (khon')

    a an s ~

    ?:,ogr6d' v 1. to be tasty. 2. to be enjoy-

    N (one's) countryman.
    I

    able, zestful (as of a conversation).

    L'V'HJ'Wn:WL'WA

    (Fl'W)

    ph9an'rtlampMed' (khon')

    1at11S~ ?oochaar6d' V eleg. to be delicious.


    -Syn. as atJ com.

    N friend of the same sex.


    L'V'HJ'W 1 'J:W L 1 'l L HJ'W
    ,J
    I

    <;

    "'

    ( Fl'W) ph9an'rtlamroo:grian'

    s ~ 'W roos 3ophool. Abbrev. for


    (E. T. B).
    sa

    a 'l FlO'fl 1 s S'U ~ 'l ~ 'W;1

    (khon') N schoolmate.
    :W~ 'J'W 1 'J:W
    "'I I

    ll~~i~fi1JliJI,'f1 Express Transportation Bureau

    miistian'r0am' to have a part, a share

    '

    (in) .
    .... n :wn'W raamkanl 1. to join together (as in an

    roo' V to wait, wait for, await. -Syn.


    '111
    sa Fl a tJ
    <:.

    Flat~,

    activity). 2. mutual, common. 2. together.


    I ,_,

    rookhoojl V to wait, wait for. roochaa'

    o 'Wa'W 1 'J:Wfl'W no::mlrtlamkan' to sleep together. o

    s atf1
    o
    1:1

    to hesitate, delay.

    t!Hl'll1~LtJtiu"'s''J:Wrl'W

    pMnprajood'rOamkan' N

    1 a'l11 ro:Jthtla' V to wait.

    mutual benefit . .... S 'J:Wn'lJ rtlam'ka:::: together with, in conjunction with, with.
    ; 'J :W 1 ~ rl'W rtlamcajlkan' to be united in mind and

    LiiWl~sa~1

    doojlmtijroothtla' without waiting,

    without hesitation.
    s 'l sa ni:grool

    to hesitate, delay, prolong. rooni:g'.

    -Also

    sa s 'l

    1:1

    spirit.

    r sa
    san

    riiroo'

    to hesitate, hold back, pause from

    ; 'Jl..IL; ~

    rtlamt6? I V to join someone at the table;

    uncertainty of mind.
    (~fl) r~og' (~fl)

    to eat together.

    (lOug')

    N pulley. (lOug') N pulley.

    "" rOammyy' V to cooperate (with). n 11-1 'J:W:Wa


    cooperating, cooperation. Fl 'J 1 :W- cooperation.
    ;'J:w1;;'J:Wlla raammaajlraammyy' V elab.

    ~nsan

    lOugr~og'

    sa 'l roou'

    1. to underlay, place beneath, be placed

    beneath. 2. to collect (a liquid). sV 3. next on down (as in size, age, position) (1st and 2nd examples). N 4. initial element in noun cpds.; translatable as "vice- (as in vice-president), deputy, second, runner-up" (3rd example). o Fl'W.X'J'iJb'0'W'Vl:Wa Fl'WSeHL'iJ'WFlS khonhuapiilpen::::
    'U

    co 11 o q. to cooperate.

    n:WLLnn:w1~ rOamree:g'rtlamcajl V elab.


    co 11 o q. to be united in action and spirit.
    1 'J:W'J 'l raamwou'
    I

    to join a group or party.

    1'J:W~1tJL~Vrr;J raamslajlloohld' eleg. of the


    same blood, of the same parents.
    S 'J:W
    I.!:J

    m3o'- khonroo:g'penkhruu'l The oldest (son, daughter) is a doctor; the next (oldest) is a teacher. o

    rOam' qM almost, about, nearly. -+Syn.

    See

    "" a'U Ln

    Fl'W~~'W sa -16'1 UJ 1 L1Jmn 'l ~ 1 'J l

    'l1tJ khonthtijyyn'-

    o ; 'J :wil rtlampiil almost a year. o ; 'J:l.J'W'Wil rtlam'phanpii' almost a thousand years.

    roo:g'lo:gmaa'- pennaauslaw'thajl l The one standing next below is Miss Thailand. o sa -i'\.J s:::: 61'W 1 fiLJ ti1 <'W 1 o, A'W l roou'-prathaa'::::

    tJ ruajl V co 11 o q. to be rich, wealthy. :W'lfl'l,:W'l:W eleg.


    I

    -s y n.

    naa'thfbodii' (naajl, khon') (of a country).


    ~ 1'W Sa 'l

    N vice-president

    J.,

    J.,

    J.,

    "'

    -+Ant.

    ~'W.

    f1ntJ rtimruajl V to be rich, wealthy.


    S ~ r6d' N taste.
    ~S ~ chuur6d' V to bring out, enhance the flavor.

    ( l9J) caanroou' (bajl)

    N saucer.

    J'W Sa 'l

    chanroou' N the next step (shelf, level,

    etc.) down.
    r;J as a 'l t:,oroou' v

    ils~~~n miir6d'sanug' to be entertaining, amusing; to be great sport.

    to bargain for a reduction,

    to haggle.
    'l1fi1 Sa 'l th6droou' V to lay out money in advance,

    S~tf1~ r6dcMad' N taste, flavor.


    1 ~UtJ:W r6d'nfjom'

    N taste (perceptive judg-

    to pay (for something) pending reimbursement.


    'W S~ S eJ 'l
    ( Fl'W) phniroou' (khon')

    a:ws~ lfmr6d' v to taste.

    ...

    ment), liking, preference.

    N the male

    character who plays the role of the hero's com-

    443
    panion in a play, motion picture, or story. (of birds and animals); to cry out (of people).
    ~

    s eJ ~ '11 eJ ~
    v

    r:>:>nth5:>n/ V to eat just enough to prev

    2. to sing.
    'lJ iJ S iJ
    ~
    ~

    'Wn-V

    singer. -Also 2. S iJ
    I

    l ~ii1 ~

    vent hunger.
    SeJH't11
    ('lJ1~,Fl)
    <u

    kh:'l:>r5:>D/ V to request, beseech, entreat.


    q..;

    rJ:>Dthaaw/ N eleg. shoe,

    o Flo1'lJ iJ S eJ 1 ( ~'U'U, 'lJ eJ, eJ lJ 1 ~)

    kham 1 kh:S:>r:bn 1

    shoes (kh.ian/ for one of a pair; khf.lu/ for pairs).


    ~

    N 1. (written) petition (chabab'}. 2. request (for help) (kh:J:>', jaan').


    v

    SeJ~l't11l61il~
    v ..,

    rJ:>Dthaawt:?/ N slippers.

    'lJ'USeJi Flo! :1 eJ i
    J' l 'W eJ
    I

    khabr5:>n' V eleg. to sing.


    ( 'lJ eJ, ~LJ'U)

    o S eJ ~ l '111 f.J11 'U rJ:>Dthaaw/pMabaj/ N canvas shoes, tennis shoes, sneakers. o :l eJ i l '111t.l 1"-1 rJ:>nthaawjaan' N rubber- soled canvas shoes, tennis shoes, sneakers.

    khamd:>D' (kh:J:>/, chabab 1 }

    N petition.

    s eJ i V LJ 1 'J s eJ ~

    nyad:>n' N words, text of a song. paawr5:>D/ V 1. to announce, declare,

    proclaim. 2. co 11 o q. to circulate, spread heeled shoes. (e.g. information) around.


    ( Fl'W)

    s eJ nJ 1 ~ ~ 1 'J 1'tltJ
    (khon1 )
    S iJ HJ S ~ 5 1'W

    r:>:>n'naausaawthaj/

    'V1 eJ 1 S eJ.., f5:>nr5:>D/ V to sue, bring charges against.


    v ..,

    :B

    N runners-up for Miss Thailand.


    ( Fl'W, 'W 1 tJ ) r:>:>n'prathaan' (khonl,

    'V11 HH

    (An) (1) faa/r5:>n'; (2) faar5:>D' 1. to

    thunder; it thunders. N 2. thunder (khran'). S eJ.., 'lJ eJ r5:>l)kh:'l:>l V 1. to cry for (e.g. help). 2. to beg for, request. S iJ.., 'i 1 d:>nc.ia' V co 11 o q. to cry loudly (as of an infant).

    naaj/)

    N vice-president, vice-chairman.
    ( 'W 1 tJ , Fl'W) r:>:>n'- prathaa/:::

    s eJ ~ LJ s ~ 5 1 'W 1 6'U ~
    (of a country).

    naa'thib:>diil (naajl, khonl)

    t-.J vice-president

    s eJ ..,LJ 6fiJI n s ~ m

    1 ..,

    ( 'W 1 t.1 , Fl'W) rJ:>D'-palad'kra::: N deputy undersecretary

    s eJ.., Yin d:>ntMg' V to greet, hail, speak to


    (loudly).
    u'

    suan' (naajl, khonl) (of a ministry).


    SeJ.., S'U rJ:>nrabl

    s eJ 1 ~n 'lJ d:>nthug' V to complain, make a comV to catch (smthg.) in a conplaint.


    :l eJ 1 l 'l'lii1 ~

    tainer placed underneath for the purpose.


    :i'U S iJ "! rabr:>:>D' V l. to entertain (guests).

    d:>nphleen/ V to sing, sing a song.

    2.

    s eJ 1 l S lJ n d:>nrtag' V to call, call out to.


    SeJHSlJ'W r5:>n'rian' V eleg. to request, com-

    to certify, guarantee, vouch; to confirm, sanetion, recognize, approve; to sponsor; to second

    plain, petition.
    .., ,b

    (a motion). n 1 ~--

    reception; confirmation,

    :i eJ ~ Sl'W r5:>n'l.in' V co 11 o q. to shout, scream,

    recognition; guarantee; sponsorship. o l'U;'U:lO..,


    I

    cry out loudly. N certifi; eJ..,

    (l'U) bajrabn:>n' (baj/)

    1'd tJ 'J 1lJ

    d:>n 1 woojwaajl V co 11 o q. to shout, -Dis t. S eJ ~.

    cate (in regard to qualifications, health, etc.). Sel..,


    (:ill~) r:Jn 1 *(r3n')

    cry, scream (as for help).

    N l. groove, channel,

    ;8 ~ 1; r5:>nMajl* V to cry, weep.


    I

    ditch, furrow. 2. crack, space (e.g. between boards in the floor). 3. (vegetable) bed.
    0 I

    f1 S eJ 1 r.imr5:>D' V to beg, ask, request, beseech


    repeated! y.
    v

    rHH HH
    I

    ( 'tle:H HH) th5:>nr:Jn/ (th5:>Dr:Jn')

    suns eJ..,

    rtagr5:>n'

    1. to demand, claim, make

    irrigation ditch.
    'W"1 ~ iJ 1 namr:Jn' V to pilot, navigate (a ship). Fl'W-- pilot.
    I "-' 0

    a demand for.

    1~;eJ i
    I

    hood:>D' V to cheer, hail, acclaim.

    ~--

    pilot. N l. channel.

    S iJ i l ~ eJ ~ r:>:>nmyan' pN name of a street in Bangkok. S 1.., US i r:JDrtn' * to be hanging and swaying precar-

    s eJ 1'W'1 0
    ; eJ

    eJ 1} r5unaam 1 (r:Jn 1 )

    2. the deeper part of a stream or waterway.

    iously (as a partly broken branch of a tree). S eJ iJI


    r~IJd/

    ~ eTn ( s EH)

    r:Jnphag 1 (r:Jn')

    N vegetable bed.

    V to escape (from danger); to be safe,

    :l 0 ~Sell! r:JDr:>:>j/

    N trace, mark, sign, evidence.

    saved. v

    :l8

    r5:>D' V l. to cry, utter characteristic cries

    444
    on, over and over. happiness, woe. elab.
    ~

    HI'W

    Ll'HJ!ilfHllilHJiilif~ doojtal~:Jd'r~:x!fan'
    colloq., idiom. safe and sound. HI lilli11 tJ
    r~:Jdtaaj/

    s::: s el'W (au 1 ~) thlira?'r5:Jn' (jaan') N urgent business.


    q_.. q_..
    I

    V to survive, escape death.

    'U a'W"1 s el'W ( 'U 8) b~:J'namr5:Jn' (b~:J') N hot spring.

    " S alil'W'W
    ~ Lbfil

    r~:Jd'ph6n'

    V to escape (from danger),

    "' '\J S::: l IIA S a'W ( 'lh::: L'Ylri) pratMed'r5:Jn/ (prath@ed')


    N e 1 e g. tropical country.

    be safe, be saved. 'l


    ~sa li1 ruultew'ruur~:Jd/

    e lab. c

    ll 0 q.

    b'iJtJ~n'IJ.,..b'iJ'W;el'W

    pentMg'penr5:Jn' V elab.

    once and for all.

    colloq. to be dejected, worried, bothered (about something). Cf. Eng. "to be hot and bothered."
    <: ..,

    La1V~li1Salil ?aw'-chiiwfd'r~:Jd/ to save one's


    own life.
    ~

    l eJ li1 s a'W phedr5:m' V 1. to be hot and spicy (of


    ?awtua'r~:Jdl

    ba1lil'lSalil

    1. to save oneself, get

    food). 2. to be heated, acrimonious (of speech).

    oneself to safety, to save one's own skin. 2. to manage to live; to make something of one's life.
    0

    "' Ld.Ja~Sel'W
    ,'!"

    "' ( b:Wa'l) myatJr5:Jn' (myan') N colloq.

    tropical country. S el'W 'l.l'W r5:Jn'kh9n' 1. to heat up, get hotter. 2.

    'V!'W b a 1lil 'l sa li1 nii'- ?awtua'r~:Jd/ to flee to safety, flee saving one's own skin.
    S"

    "'

    to be warmer. a'W b ~'W r5:JfitJdn/ V to be in desperate need of money.

    S a'W r:J:Jn/ V e leg. to cut, sever (something).


    ~

    lillil s v'W tad'r:J:Jn' V e leg. to cut, sever. S e.l'W 'f r:J:Jnr:J:Jn/ V e l e g. 1. to be fading, setting (of the sun). AA 2. almost, nearly. Hl'WU S:W r:J:Jnreem' V lit. to go on a trip (overnight or longer), to journey spending the night out. S a'W r~n/* V 1. to sift, winnow, separate. V 2. to hover (in flight); to glide.
    I I I

    s-" a'W;;JIYl r5:Jncad' to be extremely hot.


    Sel'W~

    J"

    r5:Jncli/ colloq. to be burning hot, ex-

    tremely hot. 2. to be extremely urgent. S a'W 1 ~ r5:Jncaj/ V to be worried, anxious, perturbed. o A'd1:JJ-- worry, anxiety. -Ant. dJ'W1"l.

    "

    blilellil b'W 8 S eJ'W 1 ~ dyadnya'r5:Jncaj/ V e 1 a b. colloq. to worry, be upset. -See l Aellil S a'W.
    d

    "'

    .}'

    "'

    Sa'WtQ r5:Jnchli/ colloq. to be sizzling hot.


    V to wander,

    l S S a'W, S a'W b S roam about.

    r!er~n', r~nr!e'

    S a'W ~'l r5:Jnlthyn:::: in trouble.

    "'

    idiom. to involve (someone)

    S e:J'W r5:Jn' V 1. to be hot. 2. to be urgent. A'd 1 d.J- heat. -Ant. 1.


    :!(""'

    ; a'W b'iJtJ l vl r5:Jnlpenfaj/ to be hot like fire. S el'W l '\J S U'l r5:Jnprtan' to be very hot (of the sun). S a'We.J 1 'd r5:Jnphaaw' to be scorchingly hot, intensely hot.
    :!(

    "" , 'V!'W 1 'd bti'W

    "ll S a'W khtir5:Jn/ V to be sensitive to hot weather.

    1~ ;el'W

    cajr5:Jnl V 1. to be hasty, impetuous. 2.

    to be burning with impatience, anxious (e.g. to getsomethingdone).


    ~lilalilSa'W

    "" W r:S:Jn'jen' V to be hot and/or cold. S v'W b U'


    A'd 1 d.J-- temperature (esp. to the touch).
    :l eJ'WS'W r5:Jnron' V

    "'

    "

    dyadr5:m' V 1. to be in trouble. 2. A'd 1 d.J- -

    -Ant.1~LU'W.

    to be anxious (e.g. for news,

    to worry, feel anxious, unhappy, upset. trouble; worry.

    for help). S a'WbbS


    ~

    r5:Jn'reen' V to be burning, flaming,

    o b1J'W'l1blilalil:Ja'W penthti/dyadr5:Jn/ to be troublesome.


    li1 'l S el'W tuar:S:Jn' V to have a high (body) tempera"'

    _.,d ..

    "'

    rousing. sa'W'V!'W1'd r5:Jn'naaw' V to be hot and/or cold. A'd 1:W-- temperature (of weather, sensation). s a'W an s a'W 1 ~ r5:Jn?og'r5:Jncaj/ V e 1 a b. colloq.
    v

    "'

    ture. lL bl'U s a'W ( lL bl'U ) theebr5:Jn' (theb') region, tropical zone.


    ~n'iJHI'W

    N hot

    to be worried and unhappy; be anxious. A'd 1 d.J- e lab. colloq. worry, anxiety. S eJ'WeJ'U eJ 1 'd
    r5:Jni?(Jb/?~aw'

    tMgd:Jn' V to suffer, be unhappy, be A'l1d.J-- trouble, suffering, un-

    V to be hot and sultry.

    in trouble.

    S'U S a'W rtibr5:Jn/ V to hurry, be in a big hurry.

    "'

    HJ'W
    I

    445
    V

    L:J

    S a'W r@:ur5on" V 1. to hurry, be in a hurry.

    ....

    track, vestige .

    2. to hurry, rush (someone). 3. to be urgent, pressing.


    I

    L'V 1 'l.l~ L'V 1:1 el!J kh~wchud"kh~wrooj' V e 1a b. q

    co 11 o q. to fit (in with a set, a series), to match.


    Li>lrqJ~afJ carcJ<m"rooj' V eleg. to follow (fig.).

    L ~ 1 ~ a'W rAwr:5on" V to be aroused, inflamed,

    bum (e.g. with passion, desire, impatience).


    b] ~ s- a'W ryduur:5on" N 1 it., e 1 e g. summer, the
    'U

    Li>l Sb\J~elfJ'W~::::fJflfl'U1'11 car~~n"-rooj'phnijukhon"::: q

    baad" V roy. to follow in the kingls footsteps.


    li11 ;w ~a tJ taamrooj'

    hot season.
    L61 a~ ~ eJ 'W l9adr:5on/ V 1. to be warm- blooded
    "" v

    1. to follow the track, mark,

    or footprint, to track. 2. to follow in the steps (of someone).


    L 'W 'J
    v

    (as of animals, birds). 2. to be hot-tempered, quick-tempered, hot-headed, hot-blooded, impetuous.

    iJ

    ~ eJ fJ

    penrf w' rooj' V to be scratched.

    fJel'W~eltJ

    j:5on"rooj' V to retrace (one's) steps,

    6i ~ "1 s el'W 'l s0dsod"r5onr5on" V 1. idiom.


    to be red-hot, fresh, new, most recent, the latest. sV 2. just now, freshly.
    Vl'W 1 ~ el'W nAar:Son" N colloq. summer, the hot
    ~

    return by the same route.


    eJ
    ~ ~

    eltJ

    r~:urooj'

    N trace, mark, sign, evidence.

    ~eJfJil~ (~eltJ) roojkhlid" (rooj') N scratch.


    S"eltJL'I11 roojtMaw" N eleg. footprint. s- eltJ s- 1 'J ( s atJ)

    season. S el'U
    r~ob/

    roojraaw" (rooj') N crack,

    1. around. C 2. round, cycle.


    61
    ~

    fissure.
    s- atJ lou rooj' V i d i o m. to be in good harmony,

    1~fJ S el'U doojr~ob" around, all around.


    1 'W S a'U najr~ob" in the course of, in the period of.

    ....

    in agreement, to get along well (with someone) .


    Gi::::n~S"eltlli11:W sak~xf/rooj'-taam"

    S el'U 'V 1 ~
    S el'U AeJ'U

    r~obkhAa:u"
    r~obkh~ob"

    on all sides, all around. to be careful, circumspect, carefulness, circumspec-

    to follow after,

    to trail, track.
    S" eJ tJ in the following entries.
    "-' I

    cautious.

    A'J1:W--

    tion, caution.
    ~

    ns-::::i>leltJHW krac~jr~j'* V colloq. to be tiny.

    a'U'W eJ n

    r~obn~og"

    1. outside, outer area, periph-

    S afJV!S eJ r~jr3o/* V to decrease, become less and

    ery; outer part, outer layer. 2. outside (of), around the periphery (of}. o
    ~

    less. S eJ tJ r:Soj' Nm 1. hundred. C 2. elf. for hundreds . .... n eJ ~ s eJ tJ ( n eJ ~ , n a-is eW) koour:5oV (koou". koou:::
    0J

    ..,

    a'U'W eJ n 'V eJ

    r~obn~og"kh5ou:::

    beyond, outside

    of (e.g. the city limits). S eJ'UiJ r~obpii/ N 1. the completion of a year; anniversary. 2. the twelve-year cycle.
    ~

    r:5oj') N milit. company.

    "'eltJiil s "" ('W1tJ, fi'W) 'W 1tl s

    naajr:Sojtrii" (naaj', khon")

    N 1. second lieutenant. T 2. Lieutenant--.


    'W 1 tJ;a tJ 1 '11 ( 'W 1 tJ 'fi'W)

    el'U

    'l

    r~obr~ob"

    around, around and around,

    naajr:5ojthoo" (naaj', khon")

    all around.
    ~el'US
    <u

    N 1. first lieutenant. T 2. Lieutenant--. V to know extensively, be well'W1fJSall Le.Jn ('W1ll ,fii'W)

    r~obruu"

    naajr:Soj?eeg/ (naaj',

    informed. S el'U 161 n r~oblelog" around the world.


    61 el:W~ J'U
    l:bmr~ob/

    khon")

    N 1. (army) captain. T 2. Captain--.

    1'W;eJ tJ
    o

    najr:5oj' (so and so much) in a hundred,

    V to surround; to circle

    out of a hundred.

    around.
    Vl:W' W S el'U q
    munr~ob"

    ~'U1'W;afJ

    slb/najr:Soj' ten in a hundred, ten

    V to rotate, revolve, tum

    out of a hundred.
    1ml::::;elfJ ('l'U) baj'ladoj' (baj'} N a hundred-

    around.

    s eJ:W

    in Lfl'UV!e.Jm el:W~'U, q.v. under is used to provide a rhyme for Vlel:W).


    I

    tical bill.

    Sellllil~ ('W1tJ,fi'W) r:5ojtrii/(naaj',khon") N 1.


    second lieutenant. T 2. Lieutenant--. -Shortened form of 'W 1 !J ~ eJ fJ li1 ~

    S el:W ~ eJ rommar~o/* co 11 o q. almost, about, on the point of.


    HJEJ

    elfJ) rooj' (rooj')

    N 1. trace, mark, line,

    ; eJ tJ 1 '11 ( 'W 1 fJ , fi'W)

    r5ojthoo" (naaj', khon") N

    446
    1. first lieutenant. T 2. Lieutenant --. --ShortHllb ~
    r5::>rte' V to be near death, about to die,

    dying.

    "' HltJLLtllil r5ojphd' idiom. various, all sorts of,


    many different kinds of: "a hundred and eight."
    <: <: "' --Dist. HltJ Le:Jiil Lri:jlil-.

    S:::

    ra?l V to strike, hit, touch one after the other (often superficially).
    dl

    iiiTIS::::~1

    "'

    ('VII'l~)

    ryg'-ra?lfaa' (lan') N skyscraper.

    "' ~eJtJfl:::: ( ) {1) r:Sojlla?t; (2) r:Sojlla:::...


    o

    S ::::n 1 rakaa' N (Year of the} Chicken, Cock. --The


    complete list of the cyclical years is given under
    s:::: n'1
    <9J (
    '\)

    1. percentage. 2. (so and so much) percent.

    AliiL~'W;eJtJfl::::

    khfd'-penr:Sojlla?l figure(it)

    iJ.
    rakam' (lCug', ph()nl)
    lii'W-( lii'W)

    by percentage, think in terms of percentages,


    think of it percentagewise.

    ~n, t:Hl)

    N a kind

    of red, edible fruit.

    a type of

    "' o ri:j'1'W 'J'W s eJ tJ ~:::: ( ) (1) camnuan'- r:Sojlla? ';


    (2) camnuanl- r:Sojlla:::. . . N 1. percentage.
    "'

    palm (which bears the above fruit).


    'll1:J.J'W S:::: n'1
    S:::: n'1 I.!:J
    w

    namman'rakaml N oil of wintergreen.

    2. (so and so much) percent.


    S eJ tJ'VI1
    ~eJtJ
    r:Sojh~al

    rakam' N sorrow, grief, suffering, trouble. rakam'cajl V to be grieved and hurt. rake?lraka?l V eleg. tobescattered

    one hundred and five. r:Soj?eeg' (naajl, khon') N

    s::::n'1b'l S::::Ln::::s::::n:::

    Le:Jn

    ('IJ1tJ, Fl'W)

    1. (army) captain. T 2. Captain --. -+Shortened form of 'W 1tJ S eJtJ Le:Jn.
    S eJ tJ LeJ Iii r:Soj? ed' Nm 1. one hundred and one.
    <:

    about, lying around in a disorderly manner.


    S:::: Fl'W

    "'

    rakhon' V e 1 e g. to be mixed, combined, blended.

    pN 2. Rqi-et, a township in NE Thailand.


    ;eJtJ Lal1l L~ l1\~'J LiJ eJ

    S:::: Fl1 t.J

    rakhaajl V e 1 e g. to be irritating, rough,

    r:Soj?ed'ced'hliamyau'

    unpleasant.
    S:::: bbFl:::: S:::: Fl1 t.J

    idiom. countless provinces, all over the coun-

    rakh?1rakhaajl N hint, inkling,

    "' try. --Dist. Se:Jt.lbb'Lil1l which is not used with


    places.

    intimation.

    s:::: :IT~

    ( 1'U , iiln )
    '\)

    rakhan' (bajl, Iaug')


    d ns::::l1l~.

    N bell (esp.

    Ln

    d't.i'W'W 1t.l ;e:Jt.J roourian'naajr5ojl N cadet

    abigone). --Dist.
    'VIe:Js::::i~

    academy.
    L'VIfJt.J'USeJtJ jlabr:Sojl as many as a hundred, close

    ('VIeJ) h:)olrakhan' (Mol)

    N bell tower.

    S :::: ~ :J.J ran om' V to be loud, noisy.

    to a hundred.
    S eJ t.J
    I.!:J

    s::::

    ~'U

    ranabl v 1. to stop, halt, hold up (e.g. an activity, action). 2. to curb, hold back, suppress, repress.

    r:Sojl V to string, thread.

    o S eJtJ L'I"' J:J.J r:Sojkhem' to thread a needle. o ;eJtJ LVeJn

    L;1'VI~e:Jiil r:Sojch9aglkh~wl:,od'

    to

    s:::: f'tJbri:j

    ranablcajl v 1. to restrain oneself, keep

    thread a string through a tube, insert a string into a tube.


    bt.J'U'Lin r~n s eJ t.1 jebpag'thagr:Sojl v 1. to do needler:::
    <V
    Q...l

    oneself from doing something. 2. to suppress one's feelings or desires.


    S:::: lil:J.J radom' V to mobilize, gather, assemble. S::::l1l:J.J'V111 radom'phon' V to mobilize troops. S:::: lil:J.Jt.J
    ~

    work. N 2. needlework.
    SeJt.JnseJ~

    r5ojkroon' V 1. to string (e.g.flowers

    radom'jin' V to fire a volley, concen-

    into a garland, beads into a necklace, thus making a thing of beauty). 2. to compose verse. N 3. verse.
    Se:Jt.ILLTI'd r5ojktewl N prose.

    trate a heavy fire (on).


    s:::: i'U radab' N level.
    w

    S:::: lil'U fil1 radab'taa' N eye level.


    v

    s:::: rl'U'\.(1 radab'naam' N water level.


    v

    Lrt.J'U S e:Jt.J rtabr5ojl V 1. to be neat, tidy, in good order, in good shape. 2. to be ready, all set. 3. to be polite, well-mannered.
    ;e:Jt.J LBlil r5oj?ectl pN Rqi-et, a township in NE

    s:::: i'U'W,111:::: L6'l

    radablnaamthalee' N sea level.

    S:::: i'U s1 ~ radab'si:iun' N high altitude; high level. '\) S:::: l1l raduu' N com. menstruation, menses. -+Sy n.
    '\)

    'LIS:::ri:j'1L~e:J'\J euphem. -+Comp. bllil.


    .,.....
    .::':li
    Q...l

    cu

    Thailand.

    1'11'1i'US:::fil '\)

    (I'I'W,eJ'W)

    pMa'-sab'raduul (ph)lyn',

    447
    ?an') N sanitary napkin (e.g. Kotex).
    ~

    ~ :::: 'U. 1L-0'

    rabam'p6o' N c o 11 o q. burlesque show,

    ::::'fl:W rathom' V to be broken-hearted, grief-

    strip tease.
    ~ ::::'"' U El rabyy' V e 1 e g. 1. to spread, diffuse. 2.

    stricken.
    ~

    ::::'\HJ

    ranJJD' pN Ranqng, a township inS Thai~ ::::~


    (

    to be renowned, well- known. rabu?' V to specify, mention specifically.


    ra~;}d' N 1. bomb. V 2. to explode, burst,

    land.
    ~
    ~

    ::::'W 1 A ::::'W 1 A

    GJ

    Lfl ~ eJ ~ )

    ran~ad'

    (khr9an') N xylophone.

    ~:::: L iJA
    v

    l:J, ~::::

    L'W-- ran!lad', ranee'ran!lad' lying on

    blast.

    n 1 ~ - - explosion.
    thfn'rab~;}d' V to bomb.

    top of one another, left in a mess, turned into a shambles.


    ~::::'W1'J

    fi u:::: LD A
    mine.

    ..,

    'fl'W ~:::: LiJ A tht1nra~;}d' N explosive underwater q

    ranaaw' N line, row. -+Syn. l'I'U,Llbi'J,

    ll 'W d

    l'U'W~::::'W1'J penranaaw' 1. in a line, in a row.


    2. in large numbers.
    ~

    atomic bomb.
    ~ :: L iJ A l 'J ~ 1 ( ~ n ) rab~;}d'weelaa' (lQug'}
    'II

    :::: l 'W ~ :::: 'W 1 A See

    :::: 'W 1 A

    l:J

    time bomb.
    ~:::: L iJA 1~1A HrJ'W ( 6ln) ra~;}d'hajdrooj@n'*
    'II

    ::::'U'U raoob' N e 1 eg. system, form, custom,

    manner.
    ~

    (lt1ug') N hydrogenbomb. [le~'tmLti'W f.Eng.]


    ~ n ~:::: LiJ A ( ~ n ) lt1ugra~;}d' (111ug'}
    'II 'II

    ::::'U:W rabom' V to be stiff and sore, painful (all

    N bomb.

    over).
    ~::::'Uel'U

    s::::
    rab:,Jb' (raboJb') N eleg.

    l't1u ~ 0:::: L.Uti ~)


    veranda.

    rabian' (rabian'} N porch,

    ~::::'Uel'U)

    system, order.

    ~:::: L.Uu ~'U 1'W rabianMan' N porch, veranda.

    s: : 'U eJ 'U n 1 S 'lJ nfl ~ E1 ~ rab:,Jb'kaanpogkhrJJD' N


    e leg. form of goverment, system of government.
    S ::::'U eJ'U'lJ S:::: 'lf15'lJ11iW rab:,Jb' -prachaa'thfpataj'

    ~:::: L.U rJ'U ( ~:::: L.U f:J'U, '1J El) rab'l.ab' (rab'l.ab', kh~J')
    N 1. order (as of things arranged in a sequence). 2. system, form (as of government}. 3. rules, regulations. l D'W ~:::: L.Uti'U penrablab' 1. to be orderly, in good order. 2. to be well-arranged, well-organized.
    LlJ'W s:::: L.Uu'U l

    e leg. the democratic form of government, the democratic system, democracy.


    ~ ::::'U EJ'U LA nJ-1

    ii q rab:,Jb' -seed'thakid' e 1 e g.

    ~rJ'U;Eltl

    penrabiab'rtabr5JV V 1.

    economic system.
    ~

    to be ship-shape, in good order, fine. 2. to be well arranged, well organized.

    ::::'U 1 A rabaad' V to spread, extend far and wide

    in all directions, be dispersed.


    L~Fl~::::'U1A
    (hFl,'lftJA) r6og'rabaad' (rBog',

    ~ ~:::: L.U rJ'U miirablab' to be neat, well-organized,


    systematic, in good order. Elf:J 1 ~-order, in an orderly manner.
    '

    in good

    chanfd')
    ~

    N epidemic.

    ::::'U 1 rJ rabaaj' V 1. to drain, let out, release. 2.

    ~:::: L.U rJ'U n 1 ~


    l~m'}

    .., ' ( 'il,'U'U , L~ :w) rabiabkaan' (chabab',

    to paint.
    rJ 1 ~ ::::'U 1 rJ jaarabaaj' N laxative.

    N 1. (printed} information (e.g. about

    the policies and general nature of a club, school, society, institution). 2. schedule, prospectus.
    S:::: l .U rJ'U n 1 ~ 'lJ ~:::: '/J:W rab'l.ab'kaanprachum' N com.
    q

    s ::::'U 1 rJ ~
    ance).

    rabaajsli' V to color, paint (a picture). N dance (i.e. one which is a perform-

    ~ ::::1/1 rabam'

    agenda. -+Syn.

    ~:::: L.UrJ'U'J1~::::

    eleg.

    ~'U ~ ::::'U'l cab'rabam'


    v

    to dance (ref. to a group

    ~:::: L.UrJ'U'J1~:::: rablab'waa'ra?.f N eleg. agenda.

    performance on stage).
    Llii'W :l ::::'U'l t~n'rabam' V to dance (as a solo or

    -Syn.

    ~:::: L.UtJ'UnU'lJ~::::'/J:W q

    com.

    group performance).
    'W 1 ~ s ::::'U'1 ( fl'W) naaurabam' (khon')

    ~:::: L.Uti'U 1i.JtJ rablab'wfnaj' N order and discipline. .., .., .., ~:::::WA in ~:::::WA~::::'J~ ramad'rawan' V elab. to be
    cautious, heedful, careful. care, carefulness.
    Fl 'J l:W-- caution,

    N dancing

    girl, (woman) dancer.

    448
    ~

    :dHH

    raj~~n"

    pN Ray9ng, a township in SE

    ment (of) (e.g. a moth fluttering around a light, a man given to sinful pleasures).
    VlfH

    Thailand.
    ~::;~::;

    raja?/ N 1. distance. 2. period, stage (as of development), interval (of space or time).
    C 3. elf. for periods, stages, intervals.

    s::; L~ ~ ( eJ ~1 'W, eJ ~ rl'U) lo:g-'raraa:g-'(juunaj:::, 'II 'II


    (with the added element of going

    juuka:::) ide m

    astray, falling into this condition).


    S::;fle:Jn (an)
    'II

    J;n::~::;

    chfiaraja?/ interval of space or time.

    raL'bg-' (lOug-')
    fl::;fle:Jn.

    N ripple, wave.

    L'W~::EJ::; najraja?/ within (a period of time, a

    --Also

    range of distance).

    ~::~n ( ~'l) ralyg'(thY:!J:::) V to recall, remember,


    recollect, think (of). -+Also S 1fln.
    0 ""

    b~'W~::~::; "'] penraja?-'raja?/ at regular intervals


    (of space or time), at a constant rate.

    J "" 'IJEI'lllS::an
    OJ

    kh~b:g-'thtiralyg-'

    N souvenir.

    ~::;~::1n; raja?-'kl~V
    range.

    N short distance, short

    'J'WllS::f'!n wan-'thtiralyg' N memorial day.


    J
    dl I

    "'

    {;j:l-JfilllS::f'!n q

    (Lf'I:W) samud-'thtiralyg-'(l@m') N

    ~::;~:;:; 1n6'1 raja?-'klaj/ N long distance, long

    memorial volume, book, or notebook given as a souvenir on a special occasion.


    OJ

    range.
    ~::; ~::; L~'W raja?-'da;:m-' walking distance.
    ~::;~::'111~ ~::; ~::; ~::;

    'J

    rawa:g-' V to take care, be careful; to beware of, watch out for, be careful of.
    OJ

    raja?/thaa:g-' N distance.

    L'Hl1 raja?-'weelaa-' N interval, period

    Fl el~ S::; 'J 'l

    kh~~jrawau"

    to keep watching out, keep

    of time. o 'tin::;~::; L'Hl1 chfiaraja?-'weelaa-' (for) a period of, (for) a time interval of. o
    OJ

    on the alert.

    J.,

    S::;~fil~::i'l ramadlrawau-' V elab. to be cautious,


    heedful, careful. fulness.
    OJ

    Fl 'J 1:W--

    caution, care, care-

    1'W ~::; tJ::; b'H'I1

    najraja?/weelaa-' within (a

    OJ

    length of time).
    ~::; ~'U

    S::; 'J '1111 'J rawa:g-'tua-' 1. to be on the alert, on guard.

    rajah-' sV glitteringly, glisteningly.


    ~::;

    2. to take care of oneself.


    OJ

    ~::; ~

    1 rajaa-' V 1. to be pendent, hanging (as ornaments, decorations). N 2. pendant, tassel; hanging ornament or decoration.

    U'J filS::; 'J 'l rawted-'rawa:g-' V e 1 a b. to keep a careful watch for; to be extremely cautious.

    S::; 'J 1 'l rawaan" N tonnage.


    Fl1 S::; 'J 1 'l khtiarawaau' N freight charges.

    ~::;~"1

    rajam-' V derog. to be evil, base, vile. ( !;1 1~) rajoo:g-'rajaa:g-' (saaj/) N

    ~::; 1~ ~ ( !;1 1 !'J) rajoo:g' (saaj/) N stay, guy. ~::; L!'J U ::;~ 1 ~

    Fl1S::'J'H'Un~n

    khtiarawaau-'banthug-' N eleg.

    shipping charge, freightage.


    v

    elab. 1. rigging, stay, guy. 2. a large number of strings, ropes, wires, cables, connected or suspended in a disorderly fashion.
    ~::;

    S::; 'J 1 'l'I1'U'W"1 rawaau-'khabnaam-' N displacement

    (of a ship). S::; U'J 'l raween' V to mistrust, su.spect, doubt.


    Fl 'J 1 :W- S::bl'Jfil in

    raruaj/ e 1 e g. rM 1. modifier meaning "fragrant,"

    mistrust, suspicion.

    "lightly, softly," used with 'VIel:W

    S:-;bb'Jfils::i'l rawted'rawan' V elab.

    ifil "to blow." V 2. to be faint, light (of a pleas-

    to keep a careful watch for; to be extremely cautious.


    I

    ant odor).
    ~::; s 1'W ra?-'raan/
    d

    1. to oppress, browbeat, bully.

    s :-; ff1 s::; {;1 1 ~


    unrest.

    rasam-'rasaaj/

    to be scattered in

    2. to be aggressive. S ::; S'W racyyn-' V 1 it. 1. to be pleasant, sweet (of sounds, odors). 2. to be happy. sV 3. sweetly. 4. happily. S::; LS 'l ( eJ ~1 'W, eJ ~ n'U) raraa:g-'(juunaj:::, juuka:::) V
    'II 'II
    ~

    disorder, dispersed, in confusion, in a state of


    Fl 'J 1 J..J- - unrest, disorder, confusion,

    disunity, dispersion.
    S::Vl'l rahou" V eleg. to be tall and slender.

    I ov

    S::; Vl'J 1 'l rawaan-' N 1. interval (of space or time). C 2. period, interval (of time). Pp 3. between, among, during. -In mng. 2 occurs with demon-

    lit.eleg. to be captivated (by), fascinated (by), abandoned (to), excessively given to the enjoy-

    449

    stratives, but not with numerals.

    of the opposite sex).

    lu~:::'Vl~1~

    najrawaau' 1. between, among. 2.

    in 1Fl; rl'W in eJ 1 WI
    v

    ragkhr1ijlkan to love one another, love

    in the midst of, during.

    each other. ragcMad' v to be patriotic. Fl11 Jj-

    ~::: 'Vl'J 1 ~ ... rl'IJ . . . rawaau:::: ... ka::::. between


    (such and such a place or time) and (another place or time).
    I A

    patriotism.
    ~

    n bb ~ n
    ~

    ragr~Eg'
    Q..>

    N first love.

    ~::: 'Vl11 ~ tl1111


    I

    rawaauchtiad' international.
    rawaauprath~ed'

    biile.J n '11 s n J.Jn'tl'U ~ l?ag'thiirag'- mag'thtichan'

    Q...l

    ~::: 'Vl'J1
    0

    nJ ~::: b'11 f1
    I

    international.

    V e 1 a b. co 11 o q. to show partiality, show favoritism, play favorites; to be partial in one's likes and dislikes.

    n~'Vll-J1fJ~:::'Vl11'lLi~::: b'l'lfl kodmlajlrawaaupra::::


    th~ed'

    N international law. rahad' (kh!Jau') N 1. noria, irri-

    ~:::'Vl~

    ( bFI~e.J~)

    611 'd Fl'W

    in (Fl'W)

    saaw'khonrag' (khon) N a man's

    gation treadmill; irrigating pump. 2. cotton gin.


    ~:::

    sweetheart.
    v

    b'VlfJ

    rah;'J<:Jjl V to evaporate, vaporize, volatilize.


    v

    'Vl~ ~ ~

    n lou rag' V to be madly in love with,


    v

    ---Occasionally also 61::: b'VlfJ


    ~::: bl'Vl~
    @ v

    infatuated with, crazy over (someone).


    s n LJ, M'W

    raheEtJ' earth that is dried and cracked. thOa'-thlighUa'raheED' every-

    in (111'W)

    rag', t~nrag' (teln')

    N 1. a

    m~n'Vl'J ~ :::bl'Vl~

    flowering shrub. 2. a tree yielding black lacquer.

    where.
    ~:::bl'Vl~

    sn'IJ

    1(

    ragbti' N rugby. [f. Eng.]

    LJ

    raheEtJ' pN Rahreng, an amphoe in

    in b s in bb ~
    in111

    nigr~el N dahlia. lil e.J n-(the flower).


    ( "/! 1 ~' 111'\.J-( M'W)

    ( lil e.J n)

    dahlia

    changwat Tak ..

    dahlia (the plant). N

    ~::: 1'VlfJ rahOojl V to feel tired, weary.


    S::: eJ 1 ra?aa' V to be tired, bored, fed up.

    in bb s)

    ragrtE' (kh1ian'. ragrtE')

    armpit. rags<'la' V 1. to watch over, take care of, care for, keep, rear. 2. to treat (e.g. an illness).

    b'EJe.JJ.J~:::e.J1 ?yam'ra?aa' V elab. to betired,


    fed up.

    s:::8~~:::e.J1 ra?ld'ra?aa' V elab. to be tired,


    bored, fed up.

    n 1 S- - care, maintenance, preservation; cure,


    remedy.
    tJ 1 in111L s Fl
    ( "/J'W 1'W)

    s::: ~ ra?u?l V 1. to be very hot. 2. to be thoroughly


    done, cooked through (as of rice).
    v

    jaarags<'la'rt:log' (khanaan')

    N medicine, medicinal drug.


    Fl'W-s n 111 n 1 s rags<'lakaan'

    sn@

    rag' lover.

    tolove.

    Fl11J.J--

    love.

    to be on guard, on duty'

    in charge. khO.urag' (khon') N lovers, sweeto t11J.JSnt11n1s


    v

    1._,

    Fl ~ n
    'll

    ( Fl'W)

    (Fl'W)

    jaam'ragsaakaan' (khon')

    hearts; (one's) sweetheart.


    "l ~in courag'
    clv
    I

    N guard, sentry. o
    ~n111n1Hb'l1'W

    to be loyal, faithful (to).

    rags<'lakaan'thEEn/ toacttem~-

    '11 s n thtir<ig' dear, beloved.


    'W 1 ~ n n1iaragl
    v

    poraril y in place of.

    - acting--; an official

    v to be lovable, lovely, attractive,


    Fl11 J.J--

    who serves temporarily, or as a substitute for another (in an administrative capacity).

    charming, cute.

    loveliness, lovable-

    ness, attractiveness.
    t:.J

    in111Flo1~1il ragsaa'khamphO.ud' to keep (one's) 'U


    V to propose, S~
    v

    1n in (l ;rl'IJ)

    faag'rag'(wajka::::)

    word.
    ,

    declare one's love, give one's heart (to).


    V111in phfdrag' N the poisoning effect of love

    lil'W S ~

    "'

    ( M'W)

    rau', tCinran' (t1'ln')

    N a kind

    oftimbertree. wood of same.


    v v

    l~--

    (;'W,bbf.J'W) timberor

    (as when unrequited or tainted with jealousy).

    ~in fajrag' N fire, flame of love (i.e.love


    which burns intensely like a fire).

    S~

    s ~) ran' (rau') i~ l~ ( i~) rankhajl


    Ll (

    N nest. (ran') N ovary. N buttonhole. ---Also

    fJ e.J lil

    in (Fl'W)

    j~:Jdrag' (khon')

    N the dearest

    i~lill-J ( i'l) 9

    randuml (rau')

    (one), best-beloved (sp. to or about someone

    450

    i'~

    ( i'~ )

    rad' (rad')

    N state, nation. NOTE. When

    ..,
    ~

    bee's nest.
    "'! m ra:u' Pp only, for, only for, only to.

    used as the first member of certain cpds., this word has the pronunciation rad'tha::::. Such cpds. are treated below as independent dictionary entries.
    q,_,
    V

    o i'un.dh.!'l11 ra:u'khonninthaa' only for others


    ..,

    to slander. ' "'! bblil ra:u'th::: Pp only to, only for.

    b 6l1'Vll-.!1 'l'l't! eJ ~ ~ ~ c~wn~athtilkh~;:,:urad/ (a) govern-

    IV

    r:j . : in the following entries.


    ~ "'! i'"'l ru:ura:u' V to be untidy, messy, unkempt,
    disorderly, disheveled. 4' .., b S eJ S ~ cyara:u' V to be chronic.
    l:;

    ment official, (an) official of the government.


    61 tJ 1 :W i'~ sajliamrad' N "The Siamese Nation,"

    '

    name of a newspaper published in Bangkok. Transliterated by the publisher as "Siam Rath."


    61'\il't.J 1~ i'~

    S "'! ni:u' V 1. to pull. 2. to delay, hold back. 3.

    saha?'paalirad' N united states.

    to hold (a position). 4. to control, govern.


    l:; ..,

    61'Vli'~ saharad' N federated states.


    ;'~ 6 ~ ~ :Wt.lqj radlthathammanuun' N constitution (of 'U
    a nation).

    "'!'l11tl ra:utMajl V to be the last (e.g. in line or

    in rank).
    S ~ L:W eJ "'! ra:umya:u' to govern a city or state.
    ~
    l:; l:; "' l:;

    i'~ lJtl :W ( Q1)LJ) rad'thanijom' (chaba.b') N state


    convention or code of conduct (issued for the public during World War II).

    "'! ~ eJ,
    .., l:;

    eJ s ~ ra:tJD::J', r;:,;:,ra:u' V to hesitate,

    delay, prolong .

    vwn s "'!

    jagra:u'

    (clothing) to be pulled high,

    ;'~ LJ 111 ( ~ril) radthabaan' (chU.d') N the government. -Dist.


    f11S'lJf1ASeJ"'l under 'lJf1ASeJ"'l,

    hiked up, gathered up (as of a skirt, trouser legs). NOTE. According to some speakers this expression implies that the lower edge of the garment is uneven, or has one portion pulled up higher than another.

    ' 'l1'1 btJtl'U) thamntab'rad:::: 'l1'1 LtJtJ'U i'~ LJ 1~ ( U'Vl~,


    thabaan' (hf::u', thamntab') N the prime minister's office; the government office.

    ;'~ lJ 111 f1111 ~ radthabaan'klaa:u' N central government.

    i' ~ btltJ 6l

    ra:uklad' V to mind, dislike, be prejudiced


    A 'J 1 :W--

    against, have an aversion to. tion, aversion, dislike.


    I ._,

    objec-

    i'~LJ111'l1e.J~~'W radthabaanlth5;:,:nthln' N local


    government.

    "-'

    <>

    o 1-.!1 ~

    Lf1 tJ 1>1

    Ii~a'ra:uklad'

    V 1. to be object-

    ;'~ LJ 111 1:1 61 :W radthabaan'phas<:Sm' N coalition


    government.
    1 H b ~ tJ 1-.l i'~ LJ 1 ~ ( 1 H b ~ tJ 'W , Lb ~ ~ ) roo:u rian' rad::::

    tionable, repugnant, offensive. 2. to arouse aversion.

    r~un ra:ukee' v to pick on, molest, bully, persecute.

    thabaan' (roo:urian', he:u') public school.

    N government school,

    i' "'!A 'J 1 1-.l


    ..,

    ra:ukhwaan' V 1. to disturb, annoy. 2.


    ~

    e.J~Af11~i'~LJ1~ (e.J~Af11~ ,u~~)


    baan' (?o:ukaanl, he:u') ization.

    ?o:ukaan'radtha::::

    to raid, attack, harass by violent means .


    S ~ bbA in 'U--

    N (a) government organ-

    khtira:ukhee' N com. dandruff.


    ~..,

    -Syn.

    't!'Vl'J colloq.

    i'~LJS<ij
    q q

    ('W1f'J, ~1'\.l)

    radlthaburud' (naajl,tMn')

    ;'~~ ra:usli' N ray, light, radiation.

    eleg. statesman .

    rl:wJJI-.llllJl1'Wi''l~ kamman'tapMab'-ra:usii' N
    p h y s. radioactivity.
    rl:WJJl-.!111 r~ ~ kamman'tara:usiil phy s. radioactive.

    ;'~ 'lJ ~::: fl1 61'\.l rad'thaprasaad' N e 1 e g. government


    administration (as an activity).

    ;~ 'lJ ~::: fl1 611 'W'U 1 tJ

    ( eJ'W. eJ ~ 1 ~)

    rad'thaprasaa'::::

    i''lif1111
    ..,

    radchakaan/ N 1. reign. 2. the reign of.


    d

    sanoo'baajl (?an',jaa:u')

    N eleg. administa-

    ~ 'lif1161'l1 &

    radchakaan'thtih~a'

    the reign of

    tive policy of the government .


    ~ ~ 'lJ S :::'Vl1 S

    King Rama V.
    i''li'l11fJ 1'l1 ( eJ

    ..,

    (A H)

    rad'thapraMan' (khra:u') N

    ~A.-) radchathaa 1 j~ad 1 (?o:u') N roy.

    royal heir to the throne.

    eleg. coup d'etat . "' ' s ~ :W'Wlll ~ ( .fl'W, 'l11'W) radthamontriil (khon', tMn')
    ..,

    N (a) minister (of the government). -Abbrev.


    L:W.Iil.

    name). fl;
    S'W
    1::

    .:j--

    idem. -see

    'WS~'WFIS.

    ran/ V to be stubborn. rab/ V 1. to receive, accept, take on. 2. to eat (something); shortened form of
    b Fl s eJ
    ~

    FJ[U~ ;~ :W'Wiil

    s (FlU!~)

    kMna?/radthamontrii/ (kM:::

    S'U

    na?/) N (the) cabinet, council of ministers.


    'W 1 u fl i'~ :W'Wiil

    i''Utl S ~ 'n 1'W.

    s ('W 1 u, FI'W)

    naaj6g/radthamontrii/

    "'

    ~--

    (radio) receiver.

    (naaj/, khon/)

    N prime minister; premier.

    'UeJS'U

    kh3::>rab/ Pt eleg. def. m. sp. 1. particle

    o 6f111'rt'W1uni'~:J.J'WiiiS samnag/-naaj6g/radtha::: montrii/ N Office of the President of the Council of Ministers.


    ov
    <=>I

    used as the final element of statements and questions. 2. Yes! (in answer to a question). 3. particle placed after name or kin term to address

    s ~ :W'W 1i1 HI 'W 'J 1 f\1 s ( F1 'W , 'W 1 U )


    ch1lajwaakaan/ (khon/, naaj/) ter (of the government).
    i'j :W'Wiil S61 EW
    ~

    radthamontrii/::: N deputy minis-

    or call the attention of someone. 4. Yes? (used as a reply when called or spoken to). For exam~ ~

    ples, see Fl S'U.


    ~

    --+Syn. FIS'U def. m. sp.

    ( FI'W ''W 1 u) radthamontrii/b;:,j/

    'U eJ S'U el~b\11lil

    kh3::>rab/?am1jaad/, kh:S;:,/- rab/?anu:::

    (khon/, naaj/) N minister without portfolio. , S ~ :J.J'Wiil S 'J 1 f\1 S ( FI'W, 'W 1 U) radthamontrii/waa::: kaan/ (khon/, naaj/) N minister (of the government).
    S j :W'Wiil S 61 ~ S 1 'lifl1 S ( FI'W, 'W 1 U)
    ~

    jaad/ to apply for permission.


    'U 1'W i''U

    kh~an/rab/ V to answer (a call), to call

    b'U 1 i''U lil'1bb'Vl'W ~

    ..,

    in reply . khawrab/tamnf::u/ to assume an

    ,J...

    radthamontrii/::: N acting min-

    official position.
    bFI~eJ~S'U'J'rl~
    "' A

    sa:uraadchakaan/ (khon/, naaj/)


    ~

    khcya:urab/wfdthaju?/ N (radio)

    S~

    . 1"11611i1 S radthasaad/
    rad/

    ister (of the government). N political science.

    ~ receiver. -Also bFl S eJ ~ S'U.

    "'

    1;;'U d~jrab/

    V 1. to receive, get, obtain. 2.

    ;'~ 61Jl1 radthasaphaa/ N parliament, congress.

    to have received. -See cross reference.

    s~

    1. to bind, tie, fasten (something) tightly.

    "' Iii eJ'W i''U t~bnrab/ V to welcome, receive (e.g.


    guests).
    Iii eJ'U i''U

    2. to be tight (as of garments).


    fl S ~ '11~ ;'~ kratMdrad/ V to be well-proportioned

    to::>brab/ V to say yes, answer in the

    and somewhat small in size; to be compact; to


    be short and to the point; to be well-fitting.
    fleJ~HI
    ~

    affirmative; to accept.

    ko;:,d/rad/ V toembrace,hug.

    1'U i''U b ~'W ( 1'U) baj rab:u::m/ (baj/) N receipt. 1tJ i''U pajrab/ V to go meet (a person), to go get
    (a thing).

    U1 ~

    s ~ ( bGi'W) jaa:urad/ (s~n/) N rubber band. s 'J'U s ~ r1labrad/ V to cut short, make brief. r~n:w radkum/ v 1. to fit well (of clothes). 2.
    ~

    ~ 1 Ui''U

    faajrab/ N the defense, the side on the

    defensive (in sports, war); taker, receiver. 8 eJ:W i''U j::>::>mrab/ V 1. to admit, concede. 2. to accept, agree to.
    ~

    to be airtight, i.e. without any loopholes (as of rules).


    b s ~ S~
    I
    ~

    r~:urad/

    V 1. to expedite, hasten, speed

    S eJ ~ S'U n::>:urab/ V to catch (smthg.) in a container

    up, urge (someone) on, hurry. 2. robe urgent, pressing.


    Slii'W,Siil'W~ ~

    placed underneath for the purpose.


    i''U rl'U rab/ka:;:

    1. to match. 2. be in line with.

    "' ( b:W~)

    rad/,radtana:::-, radtana?/
    "'
    ~

    3. to become, be becoming to (someone).


    S'U 'U 'J b\1 S'Ulb'Ufl
    ~

    (med/)
    i'lil'Wiil

    N e leg. jewel, gem.

    rabkhw~n/

    V 1 it. to caress, kiss.

    i'FJ

    rad/tanatraj/ N the Three Gems (of

    rabkheg/ V to receive, welcome, enter-

    Buddhism, viz. Buddha, his teaching, his disciples). -+Also 'W s ~--. o FJ[U' W s ~ 1"1 i'lii'Wiil i'u khun/ -phrasii/rad/tanatraj/ q the Virtues of the Three Gems.
    ~

    tain a guest or visitor. o 'VleJ~i''Ull'Ufl living room.


    S'U"' 1 ~

    ..,

    ('VleJ~) M:u/rabkheg/ (h~:n/) N

    ..,

    "'

    rabcaa:u/ V to take employment, to hire employee.

    i'lii'WLfi~'Wm.. rad/tanakoosin/

    pN Bangkok (official

    (oneself) out. FI'W--

    452
    ~

    S'U'Ii1 ~ nibchfia:n' V to inherit, take over, receive


    ~

    responsibility.

    something which has been passed on and is to be harbored or used and often passed on again, (as a tradition, a business, used clothing, a subcontract).
    S'U1

    s'U b&] 8 n - - rH
    S'U

    "'

    a:;

    rabl?ag', rab'Wagt..:n I

    to be

    elected, chosen.

    l; nib'wa.jl
    J.,

    1. to accept (and keep) (something).

    2. to admit (e.g. patients to hospital).


    ~

    J nibchajl
    rabsY"Y'

    V to serve, to be a servant, to
    A'W--

    S'UGi-1 rabsa:n' V roy. 1. to order.

    2. to speak,

    give service to.

    servant, a person who

    say. N roy. 3. order, command.


    S'U611SJl1'V'l

    attends to the wants of another person.

    rablsaarapMabl

    to confess, plead

    s'U~8
    ~

    to purchase.
    ~ ~

    guilty.

    S'U'Yin'U rabs..abl V eleg. 1. to acknowledge.

    s'U Vl&l f1 n1 s

    rab'Iagkaan'

    to accept in principle.

    2. to bear (something) in mind.

    S'U bVld-J 1 rabm&wl

    V to contract (for work); to

    sm.J s~ rl'W
    assure.

    rab'prakan'

    to guarantee, insure,

    accept a contract.
    s'U 81611

    rab'?aasaa'

    to volunteer.

    S'ULJS~'YI1'W rabprathaan'
    thing).
    0

    eleg. toeat(some~

    S1t:JS'U S1
    J.,

    raajrabl N 1. income. 2. debit.

    -Syn. See il'W com.

    rua' V 1. to beat in quick, short strokes (as a drum). 2. to roll (as one's tongue).

    S'U'IJ s ~ 'Yl1'W81Vl1

    rabprathaanl?aaMan' e 1 e g.
    S1
    J.,

    to eat.

    f11 S--

    eating.

    rfial V to leak. S 1 l Vl61 rfialajl V to leak, leak out (e.g. water;

    o Vl8~S'U'IJS~'Yl1'W81'Vi1S
    thaanl?aahaan'(h~:n')

    (Vl8~) Mu'-rabpra8
    N eleg. diningroom.
    a:;

    news).
    1.;

    S'U'IJ 1 n rabpaag' V to agree (to), commit oneself

    S 1 ( S 'l)
    1.;
    ~

    n1a' (rua')

    N fence.

    (to) (verbally).

    f1'W S 1 kilnrua' V to put up a fence.

    S'U~A rabphld' V to admit one's guilt or mistake.


    S'U~A'J8'U rabphidch~'Jb'

    "" ~ 0l~bf11J~S'l
    a:; ..., S 'l'U 1'W

    (A'l~)

    takia:nrual (dua:n') N lantern. N fence around

    to be responsible A11 :J.J- - re-

    a:; ( S 1)

    ruaMan' (rua')

    (for), accept responsibility (for). sponsibility.

    a house.
    1.;

    61 8 d-J S 'l

    l:5'Jmrua' V to fence, put up a fence

    S'U t:.J 1 n rabfaag' V to accept taking care of

    (around).

    (something for someone). -See


    ~

    t:.J

    1n

    S'U:J.J~An
    ~

    rab'm'J'Jradog' V toinherit. rab'm:bbmilajl V 1. to accept or

    sF'liJ rasamii' N 1. rays (of light). 2. radius, SF'liJ111n 1 S rasamlilthamkaanl N effective


    range of operation.
    ~

    range. radius,

    ~'Ud-J8'UVld-J1tJ

    receive an assignment, responsibility, transaction. 2. to be in charge, have charge of.

    ~'tl-~1f1S

    rasadaa 1 k'J'Jn 1 N eleg. national revenue. radsia 1 N Russia. [f. Eng.]


    boUtJ

    SGi boUtJ

    S'U~8 rabmyy' V idiom. to encounter, meet,


    confront, counteract (usually in a fight or contest involving the hands).
    S'U

    L"l1b~t:J01S61
    S1
    C9J

    soowtad'radsia' N Soviet Russia.

    raa 1 N 1. mold, fungus. V 2. to break up, disband gradually. 3. to lessen, reduce, abate, subside.

    s8 ~

    rabD'JU'

    1. to entertain (guests). 2.
    J-'

    to certify, guarantee, vouch; to confirm, sanetion, recognize, approve; to sponsor; to second (a motion). o 1'US'US8~ cat e.
    s'U ~ 1'1in1
    ~

    'V'W S 1

    kh?nraa 1 V to get mildewed, moldy. S b1 S 1 ( A'W) r6d' raa' (khan') N co 11 o q.

    S1

    lJ

    in

    n 1 S- - reception; confirmation,
    S1 N certifibajrabD'JtJ' (bajl)

    vehicles (collectively). rila' 1. cheerfully. 2. openly. S 1 b S~ rilar88!J' V to be jovial, cheerful, in high

    recognition; guarantee; sponsorship.


    (1'U)

    spirits.

    rab'dadchakaan'

    to work for the


    ..., S1

    bS 8 S 1

    r~8rilal

    sV intrusively, awkwardly,

    government, serve as a government official.


    S'U

    ...,

    rabruu' V 1. to acknowledge. 2. to take

    clumsily. ..., in 'IJ 611 s 1 plaaraa' N fish preserved with salt

    453

    (often having roasted rice mixed with it).


    S 1f1
    (

    erate price. 2. priced cheaply or moderately. -Often also spelled


    ~

    S 1f1) riagl

    N 1. root (of a plant). 2.

    S 1 Fl1 tJ eJ :J.J b tJ 1 'd

    "'

    foundation (of a building).

    [11 S 1 Fl1 16dlraakhaal V

    to reduce the price;

    er ~ s 1 n ta:u riagl v
    to take root.

    1. to be founded, rooted. 2.

    to give a discount; to put on sale; to have a sale.


    b ~ tJ S 1 A1 s Ia'raakhaa' V to go down in price,

    S f1 S 1 f1 r6griag' N birthplace, domicile, resi-

    decrease in value.
    Vll-J[11S1FI1 mod'raakhaa' V tobecomeworthless,

    dence.
    0
    [91 ~
    ~

    sn :i 1 n ti:u'r6griagl to settle down perma_,.Also

    valueless.

    nently, take up residence. fa:u'r6griag'.


    S 1 f1 bbf1 'd

    eJ ~ Sf1 S 1 f1

    "' raakhiil N 1 it. defect, flaw, blemish, stain, S1 A


    impurity.
    S1 ~
    (

    ( S1 f1) riagktc:w' (dag') N taproot.

    S 1 ~)

    raa:u' (raau')
    'V

    N 1. rail, track. 2.

    s 1 f1

    b ~ 1 riag:uiw'

    N 1. root. 2. origin, source. 2. basis.

    groove, trough.
    bFl 's eJ ~
    J

    S 1f1~ 1'W riagthaan' N 1. foundation.

    n ~ ( V'W)
    tograau'
    v

    kh:r)}atJraau' (chfnl)

    N amulet.

    3. secure position or standing (of a person).


    S 1 f1

    !Jln s 1 i
    S bl S l ~

    to be derailed. N streetcar,

    iJl f1

    ( S 1 f1 ) riagtyg' ( riag') N foundation of

    ( FI'W)

    r6draau' (khan')

    a building. o &H Slf1 mn lo:u'r.1agtygl to lay the foundation of a building.


    n

    trolley car, tram.


    S 1 ~ S bl ( S 1 ~)

    raaur6d' (raau')

    N track of a

    railroad or streetcar.
    S 1 ~ l.!:l

    n fJ eHJ ( S1 n , bGi'W) riagE'>V (riag'. s@n') N


    fibrous roots of plants.

    raau 1 V to be vague, indistinct, blurred

    (esp. of a mental image). --Sometimes spelled


    611~.

    6HVI~f1\Jnnn lo:uHtg'pagriag' elab. to lay the


    foundation.
    S 1f1
    l.!:J

    s 1 ~ "1
    S1 i

    raauraau'

    1. to be vague, indistinct.

    riagl V vulg. to puke, vomit, throw up.

    s V 2. indistinct! y.
    ( S 1 i)

    -Syn. See tl'd n com.

    rialJ' (da:u')
    v

    N 1. shape, structure.

    1,;Sl f1 611 [il~eJ t.1


    fever.

    kMjriagsaad'n5;,j' N typhoid
    V

    2. eleg. body. V 3. to make a draft, sketch, outline.


    I
    ~

    --s y n.

    2.

    R1 com. N original

    1;nn611[1llVi~
    :i 1 Fl1

    kMjriagsaad'jaj' N typhus.

    FI'WS 1 ~

    ( Q'U'U) t5nriau' (chaoob')

    :i 1FI, S 1FI:-; raa'kha?/ N eleg. lust, sexual desire.


    ( S 1 Fl1 ) raakhaa' (raakhaal)

    writing, manuscript.
    Slif11t.l (Sli)

    N price.

    ria:nkaaj' (riau')

    N eleg.

    n [11 S 1 Fl1 kod'raakhaa' N to underprice.


    b f1 tJ ~ S 1 Fl1
    d

    the body.
    'V

    kla:u'raakhaa' V to argue over the

    o rt1 S1 tJ S1 ~ n 1l.l thamraaj'riaukaaj' V to assault, do bodily harm.


    S 1 ~~ S::; S 1 'lf'tH1.JDJFI
    I

    price.
    'IJ'W S 1 Fl1 kh~lraakhaa' V to raise the price.
    1:: Fl ~
    J-'

    ~A

    ria:u'phrariadlchabanjadl N

    s 1 Fl1

    ti:u'raakhaa' V to set a price.


    'U

    1. bill, proposed legislation. V 2. to draft a bill.


    I

    ~ S 1 Fl1 tiilraakhaa' V to name the price, put a


    value (on), make a price estimate, appraise.

    nJ S 1 i

    IitubriatJ' N appearance, form, figure,

    shape.

    iJ S 1 Fl1 miilraakhaal V to be valuable, precious. s 1 Fl1'd 1 t.1 61 ~ raakhaa'khaajsou' wholesale price.


    I

    b~tl'WS1~ ryanriatJ' N eleg. (human)body,


    figure, form.
    S1 i

    S1FI1Fif1 S 1 Fl1 blf1


    'U

    raakhaa'tog' price to fall, drop off. raakhaalthuug' 1. low price. 2. to be

    raatJ' V to be deserted, abandoned, uninhabited, unoccupied.


    'V

    cheap, inexpensive, low-priced.


    S 1 Fl1 bl~ ~

    sns1 ~
    ited.
    b [11

    r6graa:u'

    to be deserted, desolate,

    raakhaa'phc:c:u' 1. a high price. 2.

    disorderly and deserted, neglected and uninhab-

    to be expensive, high-priced.
    :i 1 Fl1 tJ ti:J.J b tJ 1

    raakhaa'Pmjaw' 1. a low or mod-

    s1 ~

    r~ddl raa:u'

    1. to be neglected, forsaken,

    ~1~

    454

    ~ 1 'If-

    ' - ~ 1 'If

    abandoned. 2. to be separated (e.g. of husband and wife).


    b ~fl ~ 1-!l l~:::Jg/raa:g/
    I

    kaan/phonlaryan/ (naaj/, khon/) ployee.

    N civil em-

    V to divorce, abandon.

    o '111 .!l S 1 'lifl1 S thaanr.adchakaan/ 1. official(ly). 2. co 11 o q. the government, the authorities.

    q.,

    vm 1 ~ 1-l jaa/raa:g/ V to divorce. ins 1-l [11-!l'W .!l hagraa:g/tMa:gpho:g/


    (e.g. through the jungle).

    V e 1 a b.

    -ct.
    "-'I

    '111~tJ1'W.
    I

    co 11 o q. 1. to clear land. 2. to clear a path

    o ~ 'J 1 S 1 'lifl1 S ( l'l'W, '111'W)


    'U

    phftu/w.ar.adchakaan/

    {khon/, th.n/)
    q., <;

    N governor, commissioner.
    I

    s 1 ~ 1"

    ( ~ 1 ~ 1"

    'elt.; 1-l)

    raanwan/ (raanwan/, jaan/)

    o ~ 61'1 b ~OJ S 1 'lifl1 S ( '111'W)


    'U

    pMus&mrect/dadcha:::
    1

    N prize, reward, award.


    S 1 ~ 1"'1f:l.J b'lit.J raa:gwan/chomch:::J:::Jj/

    kaan/ (th.1n/) N honorable

    N 1. king s regent. 2. viceroy

    (esp. in former times the viceroy of India). o S 1 'lifl1 S '11'Vl1 S r.adchakaan/thah&an/ N military service.
    I

    mention.

    form meaning "king, royal" as in the derivatives below. NOTE. Place names beginning in
    S 1 'If- are listed as independent entries. 'Hld-JS1'1i CJJm/r.1ad/ N 1 it. king.

    o :i 1 'lin 1 S 61 'J 'W fl ~ 1 .!l r.1adchakaan/ suanklaan / central government service. o

    s 1 'lifl1 s ~ 'J'W;eJ ~ ~'W


    ment service.

    r.adchakaan/suanth5Jnthln/

    N municipal government service, local governI A

    tJ S ~ b'11 AS 1 'If
    'WS~S1'11-

    prath~ed/ sar.1ad/

    N e 1 e g. colony, com.
    0

    dependency.

    -.s y n.

    "' eJ ~ 'IJ'W J:' bd-J

    n'lfn 1 s 611'WJld-JJl11'1 r.1adchakaan/suanphuumi:::


    'U

    phnir.ad/cha:::. Bound form placed in

    ph.1ag/ N provincial government service. o 1'W'Vlt.Jrl s 1'11n 1 s (wan/)


    I

    front of words denoting actions, decisions, belongings, etc. of the king or other royal personages of the highest rank. May best be translated "royal" in English.
    'W S ~ S1 'liflb]~~fl1 ( !il.tJtl) phradad/chakrldsadii:::

    '

    ( 1'W)

    wanjud/r.adchakaan/

    N official holiday.

    o 11 S 1 'lifl1 S w.1a/r.1adchakaan/ V to administer the affairs of the state. sioner.


    S1 'lirlbl6'11 r.ad/chathan/ N e 1 e g. official punish~--

    governor, commis-

    kaa / (chabab/)

    N roy. royal decree.

    'W s ~ s 1 '11r1'1 i'61 phrar.ad/chadamrad/ N roy.

    ment. o fl S d-J S 1 'lirlb16'11 krom/r.1adchathan/ N Penitentiary Department.


    S1 '11'11171
    'U

    royal speech (speech made by the king).


    'WS ~ s 1'11'111'W phrar.1ad/chathaan/ V roy. to give,

    present, grant, confer.

    -s y n.

    See

    1;(.

    ( l'l'W, 'W 1 tJ)

    r.adchathftud/ (khon/, naaj/)

    'W s ~ s 1 'litJ[jj~~ ( !il.tJtl ) phrar.ad/ chabanjad/ (cha:::

    N royal enyoy. o eJI'lSS1'1i'l1171


    'U

    oob/)

    N law, act.

    (l'l'W,'W1t.J)

    ?ag/khadadchath(tud/

    'WS~~~~n'lf phrasan/khar.ad/ N chief of all the


    Buddhist priests in the country, Buddhist supreme patriarch.
    ~

    (khon/, naaj/)

    N minister (esp. one who is the

    head of a delegation).

    1'1ifl1 ~ r.1adchakaan/ N 1. government service.

    r.1adchath0ud/ (khon/, naaj/, th.1n/) sador.


    c>
    I

    N ambas-

    2. government job. o fl ~ S 1'11n 1 S kY!:J/r.1adchakaan/ semiofficial. o 'tJ 1 S 1 'lifl1 S ( 'W 1 tJ , l'l'W) kh.ar.1adchakaan/ (naaj/, khon/)
    d

    S1'1161'W

    (ll'Vl~)

    r.adchathaa/nii/ (hf:n/) -Syn.

    N eleg. com.

    the capital (city).

    d1v .!l'Vl" 'J ~

    ..,

    N government official.
    ( 'W 1 tJ ' l'l'W) kh.ar.adcha:::

    S1 'li'W 11' r.adchanaa/wii/ N royal navy. S1'1itJrn7i171 ('W1t.J)

    'tJ 1S 1 'lifl1 s tJ n 1'1 s eJ ~


    kaan/pogkhrJ::~:g/

    r.ad/chabandld/ (naaj/)

    (naaj/, khon/)

    N government

    member of the Royal Academy. o S 1'1ftJrnTi17161 [l1'iJ r.1ad/chabandld/satMan/ N Royal Academy. ~ ~ .n 'liti"" .!l n r.1ad/ chabanlan /

    official (esp. an administrative or law enforcement official). o 'tJ 1 S1 'lifl1 S'W" b S eJ'W ( 'W 1 tJ, l'l'W) kh.ar.adcha:::

    ..,

    "'

    N e 1 e g. throne.

    n'lf-,-n'lf

    455

    'l'\J

    ~ 1'lf'W'W6Jl1J!'fl ( ll'Vl'l) dad 1 chaphiphfdlthaphan/


    (he:g')
    n'lf'JH'i
    I

    "'

    11il rAadl V to pour over, onto; to top. l ~ tJ ~ 11il rtar.iad' V to be scattered all over.
    J

    N Royal Museum (in Bangkok).

    "' (n'li'J'IA) "' r.iadchawo:g' (r.iadchawo:gl)

    ~ 1/il S raatrii' N e leg. night. -+S y n. A'W com.


    'lflil n lil S q

    N dynasty.

    ('lflil)
    q
    a'

    chUd'raatrii' (chUd') N evening

    o 'Vld-HJJ.J~ 1'lf'J -1 A m:,mr.iadchawou' N 1. royal


    great-grandchild. T 2. title used before the first name of same. --Abbrev. J.J.
    ~.

    dress, evening wear (for both men and women).

    S11i1S~<J'~~ raatrii'sawact' eleg.,obs. Good night.


    S 1'W raan/ V to cut, sever, trim. s n s 1'W n1graan/ v
    9
    I

    'J.

    n'lf'J 'I ATW 'J 'I A ( eH A, 'IU::; 1'1 A) r.iad'chawo:g~ q

    to invade, attack. N aggressor. N store, shop. N

    saa'm1wo:g' (?ou', phni?o:g') ber of the royal family.

    N royalty; mem~

    f.l1t.l~f1S1'W faajlrugraan'
    '-' I

    1'W (

    1'W, lb'Vl.:) ) raan' (raan', heu')

    ~ 1'lfi'.:j

    ( ll~'l) dadchawau' (heu')


    I

    N royal

    l ~ 1 'tJ 1 1 ~ 1'W ( A'W) cAwkho:Juraan' (khon')

    "'

    "'

    palace. o 'I'IS::;'USJ.JJ.J'Vl1n'lfi''l
    (lb'Vl1) phnib:JrommaMa'~

    storekeeper, proprietor of a store.

    'd 1 'J'U 1'W S TWiil ~ 1lil ( A'W) chaawMan'- raanltalaadl


    (khon') e 1 a b. co 11 o q. the whole neighborhood.
    S 1'Wf1 1bb~ raan'kaafee' N coffee-shop. n'W'tJ1t.l'tJ11 raan'khaajkh5:JtJ' N store, shop .
    .d
    ~

    "'

    ..,

    rAadchawau' (he:g') N e leg. the grand palace.

    ~ 1'li~J.JtJA rAad'chasiSmood' N throne, kingdom.

    o AS1-:)n'lf~J.JtJM khr:J:JtJrAad'chasomood' V
    to reign.

    t 1'W'tJ 1 tJ
    v

    l A~ 11 L'tJt.I'W raan'khi1ajkhr9aukhianl N
    d
    +

    o ~61::;n'lf~J.JtJM saH\?1-r.ad'chasomood' V to
    abdicate.

    stationery store.
    S TW 'tJ 1 tJ lAS 11 n S ::;LJ 11 raan'khi1ajkhr9aukrap5tJ'

    o l ~ 'J tJ n 'lf~J.JtJM sawa8jlrAad'chasomood' v


    to reign.
    S 1'lf~o1'1Jn rAad'chasammig' N royal court, house-

    N grocery store, esp. one selling mostly canned goods.


    s 1'W 'tJ 1 tJ tJ 1 raan'khilajjaat N drug store, pharmacy. ;1'W'tJ1t.l l!1;1

    hold.
    S

    raanlkhilajs~apMa'

    N clothing store.

    108ti' ( 11h)

    dadchasii/ (tual)

    N lion, king

    ;1'W'tJ1uVi'IJ1~1

    raan'khaajna.!Js)Ty' N book store.

    lion (in fables).

    S 1'W'tJ1t.l e:J 1'Vl1 s raan'khaaj?aahaan' N restaurant,

    S1'lf111J!1.rn~ rAad'cha?aanaacag' N kingdom,


    empire. -Also
    'II

    '1'1~::;--,

    food stall (selling ready-to-eat food). " S 1'WA 1 raankhaal N store.


    n'WeUf1 I'! 1 raan'sagphAa' N laundry (establishment).
    ~

    ~ J.J'U SlJ! 1b\!1 ~lla ~ 1 'If sombuuranaa'jaa'sldthir~ad'

    absolute monarchy.
    ~'lJn'lf

    S 1'W lillili'J J.J raan'tadphl>m' N barber shop.

    (eHA) ?ubpad.ad' (?o:g')

    N viceroy.

    ;1'WMlil L!1 raan'tads9a' N tailor shop, dress-

    t 1!1 ~ 1'lf ?eeg 1 kar~ad' N independence, freedom,

    maker's.
    S1'W11Vi1S raanl?aahaan/ N restaurant, food stall
    ~

    liberty.
    ~ 1'lflih l 'i1'W rAad'damn88n', rAad'chadamn88n' pN

    (selling ready-to-eat food). eleg.


    I

    -co mp.

    Jllillil1 A1 S

    Ratdamnoen or Ratchadamnoen (Ave. in Bangkok).


    S 1 'li'U S rAad'burii', r.iad' chaburii/ pN Ratburi or q

    Vi11 s 1'W ( bb'Vil) Mau'raan' (heu')

    N stores and

    shops, commercial establishments.


    1 111 S 1'W ?:,:Jgraan/ V to set up a temporary stall

    Ratchaburi, a township in S Thailand.


    S1'lf1 (e:J.:jA) raachaa' (?ou')

    "'

    N king.

    or shop (esp. in a fair).


    S 1'U rAab' V to be flat, smooth, level, plain.

    ~ 1~1:1 raalchinii' N queen. -+Chiefly in combination


    with titles, as below.
    'I'I~::;'U~J.JS1~1J phrab:Jrommaraa'chinii' N eleg.

    -Chiefly in compounds.
    ll'Vl1 S ~ 1'U ( Fl'W) thaManrAabl (khon')

    N infantry-

    1. the supreme queen, highest queen. T 2.

    man.
    llS1'U thtirAab' N geog. plain.
    J
    d

    '" ~ Her Majesty the Queen. -0 p p. '1'1 ~::; 'U 1ll ~ J.J l lil
    '-' I

    '1'1 S ::; l ~ 1 1 ~ 'Vl 'J the king.

    m1'U~1
    'II

    (Lb'Vl1) thtidabsuuu' (heu')

    N plateau.

    456
    I

    IH!! 1'\J
    9

    ( UVI~) th11ur~ab' (heu')

    N open plain

    party (e.g. to an agreement).

    (not used of desert country).


    'Wn'U

    ~ 18 S"''U raajnibl N income; debit.


    N
    !!18iii:::l581i1 raajla?lad'
    ~18'J'W

    (B'W,U~~)

    ph)Tynr1iabl(?an',heu')

    N thedetails,particulars.

    1. geom. plane. 2. geog. plain.


    !! 1'UFI1'U r~abkh1iabl

    raajwanl N a daily; daily issue (as of a

    V 1. to be peaceful, tranquil.

    newspaper).

    2. to be subdued.
    ~ 1'\J ~'W

    ~18~lJ!i11VI raajlsabdaal a weekly; weekly issue


    (as of a newspaper, magazine).
    l ~8 ~ ~ 1 f'J

    r1iabr1Yfl' V 1. to be smooth. 2. to pro-

    gress smoothly.

    riauraajl V 1. to be scattered all around.

    ~ 1'\J l ~f'J'U dabriabl V to be smooth, level.


    VIJ-Jel'Un'UFI1'\Jlln'J
    moobr1iablkh~abktw'

    2. to be lined up; to be arranged in lines.


    nf'J
    IQ)

    elab.

    r1ajl N a kind of Thai poetry.


    1

    colloq. togivein, surrender,yieldcompletely.


    nJ-J in
    "'

    :118 lD

    in

    ~1f'Jd-J'Wiil

    r1iajlmon' V toutteramagic

    liln~1J-J'U1'WcJeJ~

    "

    cygraam'b1ianch:Ju' N elab.

    incantation, formula.
    S 18 m

    coll.-oq. buildings (of all kinds, collectively).


    S 1 :W b f'J S ~ raammakian' N Ramakian, a Thai epic

    in n ll f1, f1 ~ 18

    r1ajram', ramr1ajl V

    to dance.
    ~18

    derived from the famous Ramayana epic of India.


    S 1 f'J
    ( ~ 1 f'J)

    raajl V to be fierce, cruel, wicked, bad. -Syn.


    J,

    raajl (raajl)

    N 1. instance, case (as


    I

    ti'J , l61 'J

    FI'W-- , ~--

    criminal, wrongdoer; vil-

    "accident case"). 2. issue (as of a newspaper). 3. list, table (usually in compounds). 4. person, party. C 5. elf. for instances, cases; issues; persons, parties. o S1f'J lD

    lain (esp. in a play, movie). -Ant. ~.

    n eJ n 1 ~ n 8 koo'kaanraajl to make trouble, cause


    violence. o 'l'11 nneJ n1 S S1 ll ph11agkoolkaanraajl N troublemakers, gangsters, saboteurs.

    "' blilel'W raajls5oudyan1 bimonthly.


    penraajltual one person at a time,

    o S1f'J m l~el'W raajlsaamdyan' quarterly.


    b-ll'W n
    f)

    AIii s 18

    khfdraajl V to intend to do harm, to plot

    Dld

    against.
    A:w ~Am 18 khumdiilkhumraajl V e 1a b. co 11 o q.

    one by one, individually.


    ~ 1 f'J n 1 S

    ( ~ 1 f'J n 1 S ) raajkaan' (raajkaan')

    '

    1. to be alternately sane and insane. 2. to be

    '

    1. list, list of items.

    2. item (in a list of

    half crazy, mentally unhinged. 3. to be erratic, changeable in temper.

    items).
    ~

    1f'J ~ 1'W raajuaan'

    N 1. report. V 2. to report.
    (1) raajuaan8

    bFIS1:::VIS18 khr5?raajl V 1. to be unfortunate,

    S1f'J~1'Ws~1'J
    (krase',

    (ns:::u61,611f'J,QtJ'U)

    unlucky. 2. unfortunately, unluckily; it's unfortunate (that).


    Iii S 1 f'J du?raajl
    9 "

    khaaw'; (2) raajuaan'khaaw' N 1. news, report


    s~ajl,

    -Ant.

    "'cJ

    bFISl:::'Vllil.

    chabab'). V 2. to report news. N expenditures, expenses.

    V to be ferocious.

    f'J GJ 1 f'J raajcaajl

    S18~el raajch~' N co 11 o q. list of names, roll, register. -..s y n. n f'J 'W 1 :w e 1 e g. o S18 ~ eJ eJ 1 Vl1 S raajch~l? aaha:anl N menu.
    S 1 f'J b~ el'W raajdyan' monthly. S181;

    thamraajl V eleg. to do harm; to harm. " o ;;HJ'U'Yf1S1ll l:Job'thamraajl V eleg. to ambush,


    'Yf1S18

    attack or assault by surprise.

    raajd~ajl

    N income, earnings.
    S 1 f'J ~el

    " LJ ~::: 11~n 8 prathud'saraajl V lit. to harm. 9 " LJ eJ ~ S 1 f'J poouraajl V 1 it. to intend to do harm. "'
    t'-1

    iii S 18 phOnraajl N unfavorable, bad, harmful,

    S 1 f'J 'W 1 J-J raajnaam' N e 1 e g. list of names, roll,

    deleterious effect or result.

    register.
    'II

    -..s y n.

    com.

    ~'W S 18 fanraajl N 1. a bad dream, a nightmare.


    V 2. to have a bad dream, a nightmare.

    o S18'W1mJbb6ili1~ raajnaam'ph11usadD' N e leg. the cast (in a performance).

    iJ~J'Jnt:J mfdiilmfraajl V elab. eleg. to be


    bad, evil, harmful. o Ali1JJAJJS1f'J khid'-mfdiilmfraajl elab. eleg. to have evil intentions.

    ~ 1 mrn~ raajpagl fortnightly.


    S 1 uil raajpiil annual, annually.
    ~

    "'

    1 tJ tJ eJ 8 raajj:Jjl N 1. minor case. 2. minor

    457
    I
    <U
    ~

    ~~nlJ'VId-.11t.l'l.l1b\!

    m11:oraajl-mAajlkhwan/ V lit.

    "' raawii/ V 1 it. 1. to fight, attack, invade. 2. 11

    elab. eleg. to intend harm, have bad intentions, bear ill will (toward). 1:w1'VI;1lJ mooh<So/raajl V to be very bad-ternpered, susceptible to violent anger. n tJ n 1 "1 raajkaad/

    to molest, disturb.

    ~ 1 ~ raasii/ N 1. zodiac. 2. grandeur, splendor,


    dignity, good quality.
    ~ 1~n ~,

    ~Also
    r~ad'

    ~ 1~.
    N populace,

    S 1~!P dadsad::>:Jn/,
    a'

    1. to be fierce, cruel, harsh,

    citizenry, subjects (of a king).


    YI'Jr.ln~n~ thuajr~ad'

    severe. 2. to be wicked.
    ~1lJll~~

    N lit. people, citizenry.

    raajn:eu/ V to be severe, serious, bad

    FJUYI'WS1~g;]S
    'II

    ('W1lJ)

    ph11utheen'r~adsad::>::>n'

    (naajl)

    (as of a fire, illness, etc.). 611 'l

    N people's representative (in the legislature).


    v

    s 1 tJ

    laauraajl N bad omen.


    eJlJ1~-

    o 6iJl1FJllYI'WS1'l:lns
    'II

    (6iJl1)

    saphaa'-ph11utheen'::::

    11tJnu waajniajl colloq. devilish. s 1 a ng


    I
    <U

    rftadsad::>:Jn' (saphaa') N House of Representatives, the lower legislative body in a parliamentary government. 1 ~ 16

    extremely.

    161;1[J sajniajl

    to smear, slander.

    l 'VIG11 ~ 1 tJ Utwraajl N gangsters, hoodlums. 1 'VIIi1;1 lJ hoodraajl V to be cruel, atrocious. -Syn. S 11


    (Q! (

    ~lJ'W ~ 1~n ~"'

    ( 1 ~ 1 6 ~lJ'W)

    rooJJrian'r~ad'
    -Opp.1n l~t.J'W

    (roo:orian') 'VIG1 d 'l '

    N private school.

    m;m

    eleg.

    h
    "-'

    1l

    ~ lJ'W ;~ lJ 1 ~ .

    S 11) raaw' (raaw')

    N 1. line (e.g. clothes- S 1 g

    (Q!.

    See in

    ~ 1 ~.
    ktawphaa'raasii/

    line). 2. railing. S11iT'Wlli1 raaw'bandajl N eleg. railing (of a staircase), banister. 6 ~ eJ 'l ~ 11 r1a:oraaw' N story, account; matter; happening; case.
    ,1

    n~'

    iJ

    dlt.J1~1S1~

    elab.

    co 11 o q. to court, woo; to make love to. fl


    v

    GJ

    ram' V to dance (in Thai fashion).

    6lil'W fl t@nram' V to dance (ballroom dancing).

    'l'l eJ'W s'l f:S::m'ram' V to dance (in Thai fashion).


    I I

    1 1 ~ 11 wi:oraaw' V to snatch and run away.


    S11
    lJ

    S1lJf'l,s'1S'llJ rftajram',ramr~ajl V todance. flcWii1 ramphad' V 1. to fan-dance. 2. slang to play cards. f'l 1 'l ramwou' N 1. a Thai folk dance in which the couples move around in circles. V 2. to dance the s''l 'J 1 . fl f'l fl
    lJ

    raaw' V 1. to be about the same, to approxLJ~::::W1bl!,,


    k~::::;
    ~

    imate. qM 2. about, around. -Syn.

    o eJ 1 ~ eJ 1'W 1 d.Jn FlU 1 1 ~ FJ :W ?aaju? l?aanaam

    khouraawraaw'phom' ~ He must be about my age.

    o :l1 1 'VIn 1:w 1 raaw'hogmoou' about 6 o'clock,


    around 6 o'clock. 1 'W S 11 najraaw' about, around. 11 'JrllJ ( 11) raaw'ka(wftal)::::; asif,asthough.
    ~11'1:::
    ~s

    ram' N bran.
    r~m/

    GJ
    lJ

    V to scent, perfume.

    r~m'

    1. initial element in verbs describing


    I

    el eg. like, as;


    ~

    repetitive actions. sV 2. repeatedly. V 3.


    <v

    -Syn. eJlJ11nlJ

    com.

    Short for fl ~ eJ 'l


    I

    below.

    raaw/ca::::

    AA eleg. as if to, as though.

    o ~li1f'lflcW'W ph11ud/-r~m 1 ramphan' to talk


    'II

    y n. eJ u 11 "1:::

    c om.
    I

    repeatedly and G..t length (about something).

    S 1 1 raaw' V to be cracked, to crack (of itself). n '1 d ~ 1 d


    v

    ;'11 LJ r~mpaj'
    V

    constantly, always, repeatedly.

    k~awraaw/

    1. to show disrespect.

    flS eJ 1 r~md::>:o/ V to beg, ask, request, beseech repeated! y.


    fl~ 1 r~mlaa' V to bid farewell, say goodbye

    sV 2. disrespectfully, abusively. 6Uil n ~ 1 1 thgraaw' V 1. to be cracked. 2. to be divided, disunited. LJ 11i1 S 1 1 puadraaw/ V to have a splitting pain, to ache (as though) splitting.
    ~

    (usually implying repeated farewells).

    s'1~ eJ r!imlyy' V to rumor, talk about repeatedly


    and widely. S 1l ~
    10

    eJt.J s 11

    ( ~ eJlJ)

    r:J::>jraaw' (r::>:Jj')

    N crack,

    r~mh~jl

    V to weep and wail incessantly,

    fissure.

    lament repeatedly.

    f1 m

    458

    d ~'W

    s'1 m in

    s'1~ 'HJ r~mruaj/ V to be rich, wealthy.

    ~;w~tJ 1n rim'flipaag' N lip, lips.


    I _, I

    fl 1 1 :J.J-- wealthiness.

    ~JJLL:W'W'1 (A 1'W, '1.1 1 ~, LbvH) rim 1 mtemiam' (d~an',


    kh~an 1,
    A

    f1 (( in ;'11 ~ r~mraj/ V to dally, waste time


    (by doing the same thing over and over); to be slow (in getting something done). -syn. vnv1.
    f1fl1bl! ramkhaan' V 1. to be annoyed, vexed.
    ~;w
    ~

    hen')

    N river bank, edge of a river.


    ~JJ.
    ~

    I.!:J

    rim' C ream(ofpaper). [f.Eng.]-Also


    N stripe, line, streak.

    rfwl
    Jf~

    2. to

    '1.1 ~

    khtirfw' V to have no looks at all, be plain

    be bored. fl 1 Ul-I

    annoyance; ennui, boredom.

    and homely, unattractive (used of people).

    'W 1 f1fl1bll n~a'ramkhaan' V to be annoying, dis-

    " ~1 ~ eHJ rfwlr:J:Jj/ N 1. scratch mark. 2. lines,


    wrinkles (e.g. on the face).

    turbing.
    s'1fl1bllb'1 ramkhaan'cajl V to feel annoyed. f1i'W ( ~~) ramphan'(thYl1:;) V to talk at length

    o
    ~'l>fE.I1
    ~

    L.U'Wf'JHHJ

    penrfw'r:J:Jj/ V to be scratched,

    lined with marks or scratches. ridsajfial Vtobejealous,envious. jealousy, envy.


    ~
    G.l

    (about), complain at length (about), lament.


    0 .,.

    fl11JJ--

    ~ TYH

    ramphY!J' V to ponder.
    <0

    o f1'l~ ~ jj] 1 1 1 ramphY!J'tua'-w~a' to think to

    rii' V to be tapering, oblong, oval. in

    oneself saying.

    S I.!:J
    ~
    d

    S~ eJ

    riir:J:JI V to hesitate, hold back, pause

    f1 s'1 ramraml AA co 11 o q. be on the point of,


    about to; almost, about, nearly.

    from uncertainty of mind. rti' V to rush, dash straight (toward).


    L A'W ~
    jj] ~ ~
    A

    ~'1l ~ ramrajl sV indistinctly in the distance. ~'1~n(~~) ramlygl(thYl1:;) V eleg. to recall,


    recollect, think back (on), bring back to mind. "" -Also more commonly ~ :::~n.
    d-'

    daanrti' V to walk straight (to).

    S tron'rti' V to advance, move quickly


    ~

    straight (toward).
    S in
    Sli1
    S'W~

    rii'phon' N troops, fighting forces.

    rf?l
    I

    V to begin, start, originate.

    ~-- originator.

    rtid' V 1. to squeeze (smthg.). 2. to press, iron.


    .Un sli1

    ~ b hJ rf?lr~:::lml V to originate, initiate. ~-originator.


    ~eJ1'W rf?l?aan' V 1. to plan. 2. to try, attempt.

    sag'rtid'

    1. to wash and iron, launder.

    2. to clean and press.


    L jj] 1 SA ( L jj] 1 , el'W)

    tawrtid' (taw', ?an') N iron

    ~n 'l rigrfg' sV tremblingly, shiveringly.

    (for pressing clothing).


    ~

    ~A~ li1 1 ~ rids fiduan"* N a class term for several


    maladies, as in the following examples.

    ~li'I'WJJ

    rtidnom' rtidpMa' rtidlfiug'


    'II

    "'

    ~li1t:J1
    ~

    ~A~ li1 1 ~ jj] 1 rf ds fiduan 'taa' N trachoma. ~li1~1i11~1111~ rfdsfiduan'thawaan' N eleg.


    hemorrhoids, piles.
    A

    Hl~n
    'II

    v v v

    to milk. to iron clothing. to abort, have an abortion.

    - D i st.

    Lb '11 ~ ~ n .

    S'U

    rtib' V to hurry, hasten.


    S'Un

    ~'W

    rin' V 1. to decant, pour out. sV 2. slowly, little by little.

    s:::: 1n ~:::: 1 11i1 rtib'krawii'kraw~ad' to hurry.


    rtibr5:Jn' V to hurry, be in a big hurry. rtibn1d' V to advance or move ahead
    1
    c.l

    S'U ~ eJ'W S'U S li1

    1vm ~'W
    " ~'W
    ( lll'l)

    l~:jlrin' to flow slowly' trickle.


    rfnl

    (tua') N gnat, sandfly.


    o<:'ll

    hurriedly, go (somewhere) in a hurry.


    I

    '

    ~'U rib' V to confiscate (something).

    HJ L ~ ~, L ~.:) ~'U

    rtibr~n', r~nrtib'

    V to expedite,

    speed up, hasten, hurry. colloq. to save up.


    A

    ~'UV!~

    ~A

    rfbrli' V to be dim, faint (of light).


    (

    S 'l 'l riiwiw' N revue. [f. Eng.]

    ~;w

    G.l

    ~:J.J) rim' (rim') N edge, edging, rim,

    "" ~ ry' Cj 1. or. Pt 2. particle used to convert a


    statement into a yes-or-no question. of VI~ eJ
    d
    ~'W

    brim.
    ~:J.Jt;l'W'!J rim'thanon' N roadside, edge of a road.
    A

    -Variant

    ~:J.J'I11 ~

    rimthaan' N wayside.

    r9yn' V to be refreshing, pleasant, merry.


    ~

    ~:wu'1 rimnaam' N the water's edge, bank.

    "

    1'U S'W

    r~abr9yn'

    V to be smooth, progress

    Hl

    459

    HJ q

    smoothly.
    d
    ~'W ~

    v
    I

    J'
    ~

    'll'W' 'J'W--

    rankh~n', wan'rfl:ukh~n'

    the next day.

    :J..J[J

    "'

    rJynrom' V to be pleased, find pleasure,


    ~ ~ fl - -
    'II

    o
    I

    1'W 'J'W n
    V
    q
    "'

    J'

    'll'W najwan'rfltJkh?n' on the following day.

    enjoyment. -Often
    d
    ~'W

    "',

    :J ~ b ti1 q
    ; ~ b ~ eJ 'l
    I

    rfl:uchaaw' at daybreak. rfluryan' V 1. to be prosperous, flourish-

    b~ ~

    rJynrddtJ' V to be cheerful, jovial, gay,


    fl1
    ~

    hilarious, merry. tainment. o


    d ~ ~ 1'W ~'W b S ~

    - - amusement, enter-

    ing, thriving, civilized. 2. to be luminous, brilliant.


    Fl 1 1 :W- - prosperity, civilization. -+S y n.
    2.

    :uaan'rJynrdd:U' N a party, gathero

    1.

    b"l~b\1. b~fl~.

    ~~1~.

    ing for entertainment, festivity.

    b"!~b\ISHS1~ carddn'rfluryan' V toprosper, q


    be civilized.
    Fl 'J 1 :W-- prosperity, civilization.

    SeJ SeJ

    in in

    ~1 SeJ M.aryy' V to consult, confer.


    fl ~ ~ m eJ

    l!J

    SeJ S'W

    kratyy'ryyr6n' to be enthu-

    ; ~ L~"I;
    q
    I I

    rfi:ur5od' V 1. to be glorious, flourishing.

    siastic, eager, anxious, in a rush (e.g. to do something).


    4-'
    I

    2. to be bright, brilliant.
    S ~ ~ 11 ~ ril:u'sawaa:u' at dawn, at daybreak. q S 'l ~ 1 ~ q
    I

    s eJ ryy'
    4-'
    ~

    V to tear up, tear apart, demolish, dis-

    rfl:usaa:u' 1. day to break. 2. at dawn, at

    mantle.

    daybreak. V to rearrange. V to tear out (an installation),


    ; ~ eJ ;~ rfl:u'?arun' dawn; at dawn.
    I I

    s eJ 'l iJl ryylca.dl


    S eJ l:lel'W

    &'

    rjyth~:m'

    ~~i:WS~~1:Wflo1 M.amrO:u'hAamkham' colloq. all q

    tear down (a house, building).

    day and all night; day and night.

    f el'W
    ~
    q

    ryyf)lyn' V to revive, bring back.

    "' n
    q

    (~1rJ) ~1rJn
    q

    ru:u' (saajl) N rainbow.


    (~1rl)

    ru?/ V to clear off, clean out, get rid of. rug'

    saajru:u' (saajl)

    N 1. writ.

    s fl
    q

    1. to advance, advance into, invade.


    fl1

    rainbow. 2. c o m. streamers, long and narrow strips of colored paper or cloth, used as dec oration, for throwing at carnivals, etc.
    b~'Wn
    9

    2. to pursue or press an advantage. attack, invasion.


    ~fl

    s-"'

    ;n

    bugrug' V 1. to invade. 2. to trespass.

    "'

    ( b~'W)

    senru:u' (sen')

    N geog. latitude.

    fl1 S - - invasion; trespassing.


    I

    ~9 ~ S'l ru:ura:u' V to be untidy, messy, unkempt,


    disorderly, disheveled.
    Sfl ~ ~ S~ r6g'ru:ura:u' V to be disorderly, cluttered, q
    ~--

    1 rJ s fl faajrlig' N the offense, the side on the q offensive (in sports, war).

    ; fl

    s 1'W
    I

    rugraan'

    to invade, attack.

    ag-

    untidy, messy, a hodgepodge.


    ; 171 rud' V to move forward in a hurry, proceed with

    gressor, invader. o ~1tiSflS1'W Ia.ajlrugraan' N aggressor.


    v
    q

    dispatch.

    ~ flii(1 ruglam' q

    1. to intrude, trespass. 2. to

    S'U s 171
    9

    riibrud' V to advance or move ahead hur-

    penetrate, advance into (by force).

    riedly, go (somewhere) in a hurry.


    ;'W in

    ~:W 1 fl S fl q

    (~ 1
    0

    i\J, fl S ~ 1Jl1'W)

    maagrug' N chess

    ;mbS ~

    runn:e:u' V to be severe, violent,

    (samrab' for sets; kradaan' for games). \ ~ . See ; ~ S ~ ;


    ~
    ~

    fierce, strong.
    S'W rfln' C 1. period, age, time. q

    2. group, class,

    rfi:u' N 1. dawn, daybreak. V 2. to get light (in the morning), day to break. eleg.
    "'

    batch. V 3. to be young, adolescent, in one's teens .


    ; 'W'1 'J rOnc I w 1

    -s y n.

    1. eJ ;~

    .t

    in the class of small things, of

    Fl'Wtl ~ S ~ khyynja:uril:u' all night long. q


    I

    the tiny variety, midget.


    bb S fl ;'W r~egrfln'
    I
    ~

    A1 'J

    n q

    ( iJl 'J ~

    , Fl'W) daawril:u' N 1. the morning

    adolescent, young.

    star (dua:u'). 2. a renowned beauty (khon', duan'). -+Also

    tl'Wti'W S'W~~ ~ ?anuchon'rflnla:u' N people of the


    9

    IJl1'J'tJS~fl1rJ'i'l~fl.

    -+Opp. 17111'tJS~'lo1

    younger generation.
    S :W rum' V to crowd around; to mob. q

    b~1~.
    I I

    tlo1 ~ ~ j.1mriltJ'
    q

    6 A.M.; dawn, early in the

    S :W ~ eJ :w rumlo::>m' V to crowd around, surround,


    9

    morning.

    encircle.

    460
    ~dJ~
    'II

    1:J..J rO.mriam' V to be ill-fitting, oversized.


    'II

    idem.

    S ( S)

    ruul (ruu')
    qj..

    N hole; perforation. to perceive and understand clearly. "' S1 '1 n1ucajl V to know what is in the mind of (someone).
    "'""

    b'11::; S c:,?ruu' V to make a hole.


    b1l'W S penruu/ V 1. to have a hole.
    'II

    2. to be full

    'II

    of holes.
    'II

    s '1 dJ n ( 'II S) 'II


    A'J 1:W--

    ruucamuugl ( ruu')

    N nostril.

    ~lil

    ruuldiil 1. to know well. 2. to presume to know; to know better; to know it all. --In mng.

    ruu' V to know (e.g. a subject, not a person).

    "' (see below). FJ-one who knows, a 'II


    'tlSTU eleg.

    2 used sarcastically, reproachfully, as in the following examples. o S~ Q'W61HllJ1~tJ 'lf1l:J-Jl'i.JrhvU1~'W~'W ruu'dii/-'11


    V

    well-informedperson. --Comp. A11:J..J S khwaamruu' N knowledge. o 'jlj'iJ A1 1 :J. J s phyyn'khwaamruu I


    'II

    ,L

    CV

    'i.J

    4'

    qJ

    N background

    chansa.u 'jaauniil-- thammaj '-pajtham'jaa.unan' You know so much, huh? I told you to do it this way; why did you go and do it that way?
    0 ;
    'II

    of knowledge, fundamental knowledge (possessed by someone).


    q.,

    o 1''111 A11d-JS wfchaalkhwaamruu' N knowledge. 'II ' " 'W 1 S n.a'ruu' V to be of interest, interesting,
    'II

    ~ rh ld-1 l~ bl1 m B[J n' EI'W

    r(Jul diil-- thammajl:::

    m.1jth.1aml- s iak:,:Jn' You know it all, huh? Why didn't you ask (me) first?
    'II

    i.e. interesting to know, worth knowing.

    l~t!n; 'll 1~;"1'\J 'll

    m.1jjag'ruu' to happen not to know (con-

    S Iii 'd

    ruutua' V to be aware, conscious.

    fl 1 1 dJ- -

    trary to expectation). m.1jruucob' 1. unending, endless; recur'II

    awareness, consciousness. S TI'W ruulthan' V to know at once what another "' ' isdrivingat. --Dist. Sb't11.
    q.,

    ring (decimal). 2. endlessly, without end.

    l~ 'II ;l~iJ

    'II

    mijruulm.1jchii/ e lab. co 11 o q. 1. to

    S Yi ruuthii' V to know what is on someone' s mind,


    'II

    pay no attention; to refuse to listen. 2. to refuse to be answerable for the consequences (e.g. after a warning has been ignored).
    lq.. I
    ~

    ..,

    sense someone else's wishes. ' b't11 ruu'th.1w' V to know what someone is up to, know what is behind (someone's behavior);
    "'~

    l:w ~ ld-J bVl'W


    'II

    mijruu'm.1jhen' e 1 a b. co 11 o q. to
    0

    know nothing, to have seen nothing (e.g. concerning a crime).

    ;b ~1l~~~n 1s~ rliu'th.1w'-m.1jthy.ukaan'


    'II

    to be on to (someone's intentions). --Dist. 'II S'tl'W. to

    be blind to a situation, be unable to see what someone is up to.

    l~;~:J..J
    'II

    m.1jruulyym' 1. to be unforgettable, never

    to be forgotten. 2. unforgettably. 3. without forgetting.

    s b'U 1::; bl61 'II


    ~J11"d-1

    ruu'b:,?ste' to have a vague knowledge

    about, have an inkling about. ruuphaas.1a/

    l~; 1 1 lJ
    'II "

    mijn1uwaajl lit. unceasingly, ceaselessly.

    colloq. to know what is SLJ S::; 611 . 'II


    ..,

    Hl'US re.:Jbruu' V to know extensively, to be well'll

    what, have horse sense. --Also

    informed. S'U ~ rabruu' V 1. to acknowledge. 2. to take responsibility.

    s :J_J 1 n
    'II

    ruu'm.agl

    i d i 0 m. to take advantage of.

    --Contrast the expression

    JJ fl 1 1 d-J Sd-J 1 n
    'II

    mii:::

    khwaamruu'm.1ag' to have a lot of knowledge, to know a lot (about things).


    .., d ~ b

    s"bbn 1~ rliu'hecajl to know full well, to be fully 'II


    aware. S blfl 1 ( 11) ruukeew'(wAa:::) to get an inkling, a
    'II

    s eJ 1

    ruurJa.u'

    1. to understand.

    2. to know

    or understand the matter. 3. to be understandable.


    ~ llii-1 d ~

    notion (that); to get wind (that).


    'II

    s 'l n

    "'~

    ruucag'
    o,...~

    to be acquainted with, to know

    s eJ bl

    ruultew'rliure.:Jdl e lab. c

    ll 0 q.

    (a person); to know how (to do something).


    VQ..J

    once and for all.

    q.,.

    o Hfl:Wflfl'W ruucag'magkhun' V elab. colloq.


    'II '

    s 61 n n1usygl
    CU
    vt:S
    'II

    '-'.,.

    to feel.

    fl J 1 dJ--

    feeling.

    .,__,

    to be acquainted (with), know personally.


    0

    o s 61 n Iii 1 n1usygtua' 1. to come to feel, realize, come to awareness. 2. to recover consciousness.

    d ~SJn:wnSJ
    cu..._,
    <V

    ruucag'magcli'

    elab. colloq.

    461

    'U

    ;~ n rl1 ~ 1
    ~

    ruusygtua-'wlla-' to have come to feel

    take shape, to be getting into shape.


    uLJs;LJ prec/r1lub-' v

    that, realize that.


    'U

    eleg. to transform, trans-

    ~Vli.H~el ruuna"!]SyY-' V to be literate, able to

    figure, transmute, undergo metamorphosis.


    'V1S":o'US:WS"9.J phrab::Jrom'marQub' N eleg. picture,
    'U

    read.

    t bVl'W
    ~

    ruu-'hen-'

    1. to know, have experience.

    statue of the king.


    'V1S:o'V1TI6S9.J
    9 'U

    2. to see, witness. 3. to witness (e.g. wrongdoing) with acquiescence.


    0

    (eJHl) phraphlid-'thar1lub-' (?ou')

    "'

    image of Buddha. e lab. to witness


    sLJ '1"11;1 eJ ~
    'U
    'U

    ~"' ~ bVl'W b1J'Wl '1 ruuhen-'pencaj-'


    v

    rQubcamb::llJ-' N miniature, scale model.

    'U

    (i.e. have full knowledge of the facts) and to connive, be secretly accessory, be an accomplice (e.g. in wrongdoing). --see also
    bcU'Wl '1.
    v

    sLJ Q1 t1

    ( U~"W

    ,1 'U)

    r1lubcMaV (phn-', baj-')

    photograph.
    S 9.J l Q:W r1lubch6om-' N figure, shape, appearance,
    'U

    b~t:J'WS" rianruu-' V tolearn.


    .,_,'U

    build .

    6l 'd

    t
    "-'

    11la"!]rliu-' V to know in advance, be known


    c;

    ;LJ~1t:J
    t9.JTIS1

    (;LJ,'l'U)

    r1lubthaaj-'(r1lub-',baj-')
    I

    in advance.
    61eJAHieJA bVl'W
    'U

    com. photograph. -Syn. Jl1'11:11u


    s~::Jdruu-'s~::Jdhen-'

    eleg.

    V elab. colloq.

    rCubsou-' N eleg. figure,form,build.


    (SlJ) 'U
    r1lubprak~::Jb-'

    to be inquisitive, curious, meddling, nosy.


    v
    1"-'

    sLJLJs:oneJ'U ..,

    (r1lub-')

    N illus-

    tration, accompanying figure (in a text).


    61 s- suu-'ruu-'
    'U'U

    1. to think one knows it all, knows

    'U

    sLJJt ( s'\J)
    'U

    r1lubplln-' (r1lub-')

    N molded figures,

    better. 2. to know more than is good for one. -s y n. 1. eJ 'd


    v

    figurines.
    s't.J Jl1 '\1~ 'U
    I

    A;.

    NOTE. This expression is

    n.J , 1'U ) rO.ubphllab-' ( r1lub-', baV) N 'U

    often used chidingly.


    b~us- sia-'ruu-' V to be outwitted.
    'U
    'U

    picture.
    sLJ 'l1 ~

    r1lubrlla"!J-' N appearance, form, figure,

    eJ t:J 1 n s- jaagruu-' to be curious, anxious to know.


    'U

    shape.

    tA r1lud' V to slide, draw, pull.


    'U

    st.Jin'efblJ.::; rO.ub-'lagsana?-' N appearance, feature, 'U


    form.
    sLJ61in
    'U

    nJ ( S"'\J ,'l'u)
    'U

    r1lub-' N 1. picture (rCub-', baJ.-'). 2.

    form, shape (rQub-'). C 3. elf. for pictures, idols. 4. elf. forpriests. eleg. 2.
    'U

    ( s'\J,
    'U

    ~I.J)

    rO.ubsalag-' (r1lub', chin-') N

    --syn. 1,3.Jl1'1
    'U

    sculpture.
    J"lJ611:WbVlii1u:W (S"Ll)
    'U

    TIH eleg.

    rQubs:lamllam-' (r1lub-') N

    b'~ 1 s-LJ kMwrO.ub-' V 1. to fit in (with), conform

    triangle.
    'll

    (to). 2. to be fitted, form-fitting (as a dress). 3. to form, take shape.

    SlJ~ l Vl~u:W
    I

    ( slJ)
    'U

    rOubslillam-' (rOub-')

    N quad-

    rangle, rectangle. to take a picture, to


    SlJVl61eJ
    'U
    I

    'Un ~LJ
    'U

    chagrD.ub-' slang

    rO.ubl~::J-'

    V 1. colloq. to be handsome,

    photograph.
    611tJS"Ll thaajr1lub-' com. to take a picture, to
    'U

    good-looking (of men only). N 2. molded figure.


    S lJVl"W rOubhun-' N model, mannequin, dressmaker's 'U 9

    photograph. -Syn. slang.


    V
    I

    611t1Jl1'1 eleg., oJns-LJ


    'U

    dummy.
    ii11 ~ ;LJ

    laaur1lub-' V to develop a photographic

    o n ii1 eJ

    611 us- LJ
    'U

    ( n 61 eJ ~)

    kl~TI-'thaajr1lub-' (kl~TI")

    film or print.
    61"1Lf'l;LJ

    N camera. o

    samrect-'rO.ub-' ready-made, prepared,

    Ylii1~:WD1t:JS"'\J (~'d'W, bl~"W) 'U


    sheet). [
    'U

    fiim-'thaajr1lub-' N

    prefabricated. elA s-LJ ?adrD.ub-' V to print a picture.


    'U

    photographic film (muan-' a roll; phn-' a

    oW!i1~:W

    f. Eng.]

    ;LJ'Y'l s- s-rn

    rQubpaphan-' N 1. characteristic, appearance,


    v

    bV'W S 9.J penr1lub-' 1. to be in the form of, be shaped,

    description. 2. gold or silver ornamental article.


    'fleJ1SLJ'Y'lnrn (til'W)
    'U

    2. in shape, into shape. o


    b.U-w sLJ b
    'U

    th::l::l1J-'r1lubpaphan' (chin-')

    vw s' 1 ~ t:w

    penro.ub-'penr~:taTI"- kh9n"

    to

    gold made into ornaments and other articles,

    462
    ornamental gold (as opposed to gold bars). o
    ~

    b'W

    l S 'J 'l'W najrewrewlnfi/ soon, in the near


    c:

    c;

    s l :JH 'iJ lJ ruumeenia I pN 'II b s in b s S 'd'W reeruan'


    ing. lS
    r~e'

    Rumania. [f. Eng.] V to be uncertain, waver0

    future.
    d d

    ci"

    b:WeJbSd'l'W
    "<

    m9arewrew'nfi/ just recently.

    'J ~ l S 'd

    wtnrew' 1. to race; to run fast. N 2. adash.

    V to wander, rove.
    r~ekMaV

    sports

    l S 'lJ 1lJ
    I I

    V to peddle.

    "' 1 lil S 1 l S 'J


    ~

    ?adtraa'rew' N velocity, speed.

    l S ~ eJ'W, S eJ'W l S r~er~n', r~nr~e/ V to wander,

    b S 1 raa' V to belch, eructate.

    roam about. o

    l Sa in

    b s 1 S 1 r~ar.al

    sV intrusively, awkwardly,

    1oUi!~lil1~1~ l;;eJ'W chaj/chiiwfdl-jaanr~er~n'


    to lead the life of a vagrant.
    bS1~

    clumsily.
    r;)l,

    "' Colloq. variantof l!S1,

    -Seealso bl!S1.

    lS'lJ1Flrnlil reekhaa'khanid' N geometry.

    b S 1 raw' P 1. we, us.

    2. I, me (when speaking to

    l S ~ r~n'* V 1. to hurry, speed up, accelerate, urge, urge on. 2. to be urgent, pressing.
    ~

    oneself, to an inferior, or to an intimate).


    '1J a~ l S 1 kh:5::Juraw'

    1. our, ours. 2. my, mine.

    S'U l

    s ~ , l s ~ S'U
    "'

    &:>!

    rtibr@n'. r@urtib' V to expedite,

    Fl'W l S 1 khon'raw' N we people, we humans. 'W'dn l S 1 phOagraw' N we, us, our group.

    speed up, hasten, hurry. l s 'l:W1 r@nmyy' V to speed up one's work.


    I I '-'

    l S 1 in the following entries.


    I
    'V

    l S 'l S eJ'W r@nr:Son' V 1. to hurry, be in a hurry. 2. to hurry, rush (someone). 3. to be urgent, pressing. l S ~ S fi1 r@nnid' V 1. to expedite, hasten, speed up, urge (someone) on, hurry. 2. to be urgent, pressing.
    'V

    l S 1 s eJ'W

    r~wr:5::Jnl

    V to be inflamed, aroused,

    burn (e.g. with passion, desire, impatience).


    b S 11 dwr.w'

    sV 1. agitatedly, anxiously. 2.

    '

    expressively and incessantly. l S 1 raw' V to stimulate, arouse, stir, incite.


    S'U b S 1 r6braw'

    V to beg, beseech repeatedly. V to urge, urge on.

    l s ~ l S 1 r@nniw' V to urge, urge on. l Hll. reenuu/ N 1. e 1 e g. pollen. nN 2. first name


    'II

    l S ~ l S1

    r~uniw'

    l ;11'l raw'caV V to arouse, incite, encourage.


    b~ 1 ~

    for a woman. l S fi11bll. ( l Fl S 1 ~) reed.a', reedaa' (khr9an') radar. [f. Eng.] l S t.J 1 ~ , l s t.J eJ'W reejotJ' reejon'* N rayon. [f. Eng.]
    d

    r:5?/ V 1. to walk along (e.g. a fence){in order to find a way in or out). 2. to chip off, break off little by little.

    l ! ~ in the following entries.


    S 1l! ~
    d
    ~

    "' 'd rew' V 1. to be fast, quick, rapid. 2. to be lS


    early (ahead of time). sV 3. fast, quickly, rapidly.
    Fl'd1:W--

    r.araau' V to be jovial, cheerful, in high

    spirits.
    S'W l S ~
    d

    "' speed. -Ant. '111.

    -Syn.

    r9Ynraan' V to be jovial, gay, hilarious,

    2.

    l ~'W,

    3. TI'W 1 'l .

    merry.
    ~

    n1 S - -

    amusement, entertainment.

    1 'l

    l ~ 'd cajrew/ V to be hasty, impetuous, impulsive. Fl'd1l-J-hastiness, rashness.

    o i 1'W S'W L S ~ naan'r9Ynraan 1 N a party, gathering for entertainment, festivity.


    l! lil in L! lil S1 ~ r~ad'raan' V 1. to be neglected,
    'V

    Lfilt.J l ~ 1,- -'W61'W doojrew', dooj/rewphlan' quickly.


    1 'W l

    ~ 'd 'l f'W najrewrew'wan' soon, in the near


    c;
    c;

    forsaken, abandoned. 2. to be separated (e.g. of husband and wife}.


    l
    d
    ~

    future.
    ll-J'if1n l S 'd miijchaa'k~rew' sooner or later.
    I
    I 'l.J

    s l-J
    ~

    r~am'

    V to begin, start.

    -s y n.

    lil ~ lii'W.
    ~--

    c;

    c;<U

    .. s 'd lil l S 'd


    0
    .. j

    -Also

    l:w l S 'd n'111 miijrew'k&Ma'.

    S l S :W
    I '-'

    ri?lr~am'

    V to originate, initiate.

    ril.adrew' V to be fast, quick.

    originator.
    b S:Wiil'dlJ r~am'dOaj::::::
    I '-'

    1 'W l diil1 el'W n

    !ill~ d najweelaa/?anrtladrew' in

    to begin with, to begin by

    a very short time, very quickly. lSd'l rewcii' colloq. to be extremely fast.
    b ~ 'd 'l'W rewrew'nii/ soon, in the near future.
    "' Jf

    (doing such and such}.


    LS:Wlii'W r~amWn' V to begin, start, commence.
    d ..,

    ~lillS:Wlii'W cudlr~amt6n'

    N startingpoint.

    463
    .J d L H!lb ~ n , Lb Sn L S:J. I r~8mr~eg/, r~egr~8m/ N 1.

    d'uHl'J1:J..J

    L1eJ~

    ,'Uri)

    riankhwaam/ (ryau/,bQd/)

    beginning. 2. originally, in the beginning, from the start .


    LLSn LS:J..Ibli1:l.lrl r~egr~8m/d88mthii/ elab. origi.J ""'AI

    N 1. essay. V 2. to write an essay, composition.


    L ~ 1J 1 'W:J..J'V'l rianphim/ V to set type. L ~ 1J 'l

    "'

    ~ 1 1J rianraaj/ V 1. to be scattered all around.

    nally, in the beginning. LS 1J


    d
    C9J

    2. to be lined up; to be arranged in lines.


    L ~t:J ~ iihtil'U

    rta/ V to be almost touching, to touch

    rian/lamdab/ to be arranged in order

    slightly, to hang down nearly touching (as drapery reaching almost to the floor).
    l. S 1J S 11i1 rtar,qad/ V to be scattered all over.
    J
    d
    I

    (of) (e.g. in order of height).


    b ~ t:J'U L ~ 1J 'l

    rtabrian/ V to compose, compile,

    ..,

    arrange.

    ~--

    compiler, author.

    LS 1J "1 rtarta/ slightly above, slightly touching.

    b~t:J'W rian/ V 1. com. to study, learn. 2. eleg.


    to inform, tell (particularly when sp. to a superior). 3. a term of respect used in the salutation of a letter (followed by the name of the addressee). n 1 s-student, pupil.
    ~

    1 S b S1J
    L S 1J t.J in
    J

    r,qjrta/ V to be about equal, about the

    same. -+Usually
    J

    1~ L~t:J.

    L S 1J 1 S rtaraaj/* V to solicit contribu-

    tions, take up a collection. L~ 1J n rtag/ V 1. to call. 2. to be called. "' eJ LS "" 1J n kwagmyy/rtag/ V to summon, call n'J~n:J..1 (someone) over (by beckoning with one's hand).
    rJ L ~ 1J n n'W 'J 1 thtirtag/kanw,qa/ which is called,
    d
    ~
    Q...' '

    learning, study. 2. 'U eJ n com.

    'Wn--

    -s y n.

    nS1'\Jb~1J'W kraabrian/ V 1. elab. eleg. sp. to


    sup. to inform, tell. 2. term of respect used in the salutation of a letter (followed by the name of the addressc:e). -Cf. n s 1'\J L'Yl1.
    "" 1J 'W kaan/maarian/ N attendance (in n 1 S:l.l1 L S

    which they call.

    s eJ 'l L~t:Jn

    r5:~nrtag/ V to call, call out to.

    L~ 1J n 'IJ f);)! rtagkhwAn/ V to call (back) the protecting spirit. L~t:Jn ( ) A'W rtag( . )khyyn/ V to recall, revoke. L~un'VeJ rtagch~/ V 1. to call the name (of). 2. to call the roll. L~t:J n 1 ;~ 1
    "" d

    school)
    'IJ 11i1 L ~ t:J'W khaadrian/ V to be absent from school,

    miss school, cut classes.


    fl 'l Lbn b s t:J'W
    I

    <>

    khonkarian/* V to be learned, erudite. N lesson. N textbook.


    I

    'Urlb~t:J'W ('U'Yl) bOdrian/(bQd/)


    Lb'U'U L St:J'W
    "'

    ( Lf1:J..J)

    beebrian/

    (l~m/)

    rtag/d~jw,qa/

    can be regarded as.

    s eJ 'l

    L~ f:J'W r5:~n/rian/ V to request, petition,

    L~ 1J n'U S::: 'ti:J..J rtag/prachum/ V to call, convene q a meeting.

    complain.

    L~1J'Wrl1:J..I riantMam/ V eleg. def. to ask,


    inquire.
    b ~ t:J'W 'Yl1 'l1 tJ HJ-rnt.J"' rian/thaanprajsanii/ to take a

    L~t:Jn'V'lf1 rtagphon/ V tomobilizetroops. n1~-


    mobilization (of troops). L~ 1J n S eJ 'l rtagr5:~n/ V to demand, claim, make a demand for. o 'IJeJ L ~un s eJ ~
    <>
    I
    'IJ 'IJ

    correspondence course . L~ t:J'W S rianruu/ V to learn.

    ..,

    ( 'IJeJ) kh!b/rtagr5:~n/ (kh~:~/)

    ..,

    'II

    L ~ t:J'W 'VltJ'l ~ eJ

    rian/nansw/ V to study.

    N demand, request.
    L S t:Jn ( ,) 'J 1 (1) rtag/(, . )w,qa/; (2) rtag/w~a/

    1S ~ L ~t:J'W
    hen/)
    L 611 L ~ t:J'W

    1s ~ L ~t:J'W, Lb~'l)

    roonrian/ (roonrian/,

    N school, schoolhouse.

    1. to call (such and such) (by the name of). 2.

    l~wrian/ e 1 e g. to learn, study.


    (

    to be called (such and such).


    L ~t:Jn ( ) 1;:l.l1

    'VltJ~~eJL~t:J'W
    book.
    "' 'Vlel ~ L s t:J'W

    L~:l.l)

    nans'9)rrian/ (l@m/)

    N school-

    rtag/(, .. )Mjmaa/ to call (to


    L ~t:J'U

    someone) to come, call (someone) over.


    'Vl:l.I11J L ~t:Jn (

    ( 'Vlel ~)

    h~nrian/ (h~n/)

    N classroom.

    ~1J'U) mAajrtag/ (chaoob/) N sub-

    rtab/ V 1. to be smooth, plain, even. 2. to


    be neat, orderly.

    poena, summons. -Also 'Vl:J..I11J L~t:Jn~'J.


    L ~t:J 'l rian/ V to put in order, arrange in order. Fl'J1:J..I-"'

    S 1'\J L ~t:J'U r~abrtab/ V to be smooth, level.


    L S t:J'U bbtl S rtabpr~e/ very neat and smooth, slicked
    v

    essay.

    "' b HI'U

    464
    down (of the hair). 111 b eJ

    ( bb vn , 111 )

    tMarya 1 (htu ' tMa')

    N 1.

    b ~ li'U S eJ ll riabr:'bjl V 1. to be neat, tidy, in good

    harbor, port, seaport. 2. pier.

    order, in good shape. 2. to be ready, all set. 3. to be polite, well-mannered. o Lrlll b ~li'U;eJll

    "" W1li'VISlbSeJ

    ('W1li,Fl'W)

    naajphonrya'(naajl,khon')

    N 1. admiral (of unspecified rank). T 2. Admiral --.


    'W 1ll 'VISl bS eJ 171 ~ ( 'W 1ll , Fl'W)

    doojlrtabr:J~jl

    1. in good condi-

    tion, in fine shape. 2. smoothly, in an orderly manner. o


    d ..,

    naajphonlryatriil (naajl,

    khon')

    N 1. rear admiral. T 2. Rear Admi-

    b~'W'Ylb~li'U~eJll penthtilriabr5~jl 1. to be in
    good order. 2. well, neatly, carefully, smoothly.
    b~'W ~::: b'iJli'U b ~ li'U; eJ ll

    ral--. -Also
    'W1li'VI&lbSeJL'l1

    'VISlbSeJIJl~.
    naajphonlryathool (naajl,

    ('W1li,Fl'W)

    penrablablrtabr5~jl

    khon')

    N 1. vice-admiral. T 2. Vice-Admi'VIii1bSuLTI.
    ' naajphon'rya?eeg'

    V 1. to be ship-shape, in good order, fine. 2. to be well- arranged, well- organized.


    b ~li'U b ~ll ~ rtabriau' V to compose, compile,

    ral--. ->Also
    'W 1li'VIii1 b"" s 8 ban

    ('W1ll 'Fl'W)

    ..,

    (naajl, khon')

    N 1. admiral. T 2. Admiral --

    arrange.

    ~--

    compiler, author.

    __,.Also 'Viii! b S eJ b eJ n
    'W 1ll bS eJ ( 'W 1ll , Fl'W)

    b ~li'U'l rtabrtab' V to be plain, simple, ordinary,

    naaj ryal (naajl, khonl)

    natural. -Ant. QlilQ11il.


    'IJ

    captain (of a ship).

    o ~ b ~li'U'l siilrtabrtabl plain color, subdued color.


    bSli:W riam'
    d
    cJ

    'W1llbSeJ171~ ('W1li,Fl'W)

    naajryatrii' (naajl,khon')

    N 1. ensign (naval rank). T 2. Ensign --. P lit. m. sp. I, me. -Syn.


    f.I:W
    [.<;:],

    -Also
    'W 18 b! eJ

    bSeJIJl~.
    naaj ryathoo' (naajl, khon')

    b ~ li:W rtam' V 1. to be clean, clear, spotless.

    2.

    1'11 ('U 18 , Fl'W)

    co 11 o q. to be perfect, excellent, very good.


    b ~tJ 1 riaw' to be tapering.

    N na v. 1. lieutenant junior grade. T 2. Lieutenant--. -Also


    bSeJLTI.

    1~b~ll1

    (B'W) majriaw' (?an')

    N switch, rod

    'W 18 b eJ bun

    ( 'W 18 , Fl'W)

    naaj rya ?eeg' (naajl, khon')

    (used for whipping, beating).


    btll'd rtaw' N strength, power. -Syn.
    b S ll 1 bb S ~ rtawrn:u' N strength.
    ~

    N na v. 1. lieutenant senior grade. T 2. Lieu-

    no~~~,

    tenant -- . -Also

    Su b un .
    N sail (of a boat).

    1'U bs 8

    ( 1'U)

    bajrya' (bajl)

    VlHStJ'JVI'dbln huartaw'huan:eu' N elab.

    -Also

    1'U.
    V to paddle (a boat). N steamship,
    ( lilo1)

    co 11 o q. mainstay, principal force.


    b 8

    'Vi 18 b eJ phaajrya'

    ( &1. 1) rya' (lam')

    N com. boat, ship.

    -s y n.

    b Sun ii!1 'W

    ryakonfajl (lam')

    'W111 lit.,eleg. n

    steamer.

    ~H TI'\'1 bsa ( n t:H TI'VI) b~utMb'rya' (b~utMb')


    N navy, naval forces. (lam')
    b ~ eJ n TU'W
    ~
    0

    N mine sweeper.
    D

    "l eJ:W'VI61b S eJ
    khonl)

    ( 'W 1 tJ, Fl'W) c~~mphonrya' (naajl,

    .!-

    ( lil 1)

    ryakampi'm' (lam')

    N ship,

    N 1. admiral of the fleet. T 2. Admi-

    ral --.
    eJ1 1 b~ eJ
    ( Fll.J) chaawrya' (khonl)

    merchant ship. "" bSuFl:wfl'W (&11) rya'khumkan' (lam') 9

    N convoy,

    N seafarer.

    b Al.J bS eJ d88nryal V 1. to navigate, direct a ship

    armed ship used as an escort. "" b SeJ "l1-1 ( lilo1) ryac.1au' (lam') N sampan (taxi boat propelled by oar). "" b eJ ri"t 1'Wo 1 ( ii1 1) ryadamnaam' (lam 1 )

    on its course. 2. to operate a shipping line, ships.


    'll'Vf1S bSu

    n 1 S-- navigation.
    (Fl'W) thahi1anrya' (khon')

    N sub-

    N sailor,

    marine.

    member of the navy. o 'W 1ll 'l1VI1 S b S eJ (naajl, khon')


    TI'VI bS eJ ( n eJ

    --Dist. n:::Sl1~. sea-going steamer.


    b eJ b A'Wr.twm
    9

    ( 'W 1ll , Fl'W) naajthah~anryal

    N naval officer.

    ( {;11)

    ryad88n'samud' (lam')

    ~) thabrya' (b~u') N navy.

    ocean- going steamer.

    465
    b! llil ~. See 'W 1ll-b! lrl ~ /l'W s::; bii lil
    q
    V I

    LS1~

    under

    b ~ 1 above.

    bS1Lln.

    See 'W1ll-- under bS1 above.

    (~'h)

    rya'thftJthfinrab88d' (lam')

    ~ ~ b S1 lourya' V to board a boat.

    N mine layer.
    b ~ 1 1/l. See
    b ~ 1 S ~

    ~ n b ~ 1 ( Fl'W) lfiugrya' (khon') N crew. 'U


    b~ 1 above. 'Vf'J b S 1 huarya' N bow, prow. llil 1 Ls 1
    'q
    I I
    Cij

    'W 1ll-- under

    "'

    ( &1'1) ryathou' (lam')


    ( &1'1)

    N flagship. N small boat

    ( 1)
    I

    ?uu'to;)rya' N shipyard. N dock.

    b ~ l'Uiil
    ~

    ryabod' (lam!)
    d

    1 Ls eJ
    d

    "'

    'U

    ( 1)
    'U

    ?uurya' (?uu')

    d'U

    (propelled by oar), canoe.


    L s eJ'U s Slln LFl
    9

    b S 1, b S 11

    r}ta', ryarya' sV light, faint (mostly "red,"


    'IJ:W'W "pink.").
    'U

    s 1 ~'\J'W
    ~)

    ( &11)

    rya 1 -banthug 1 khr}tau::::


    bblil
    .J-'

    ,.

    used with bblil ~


    ~

    bin' (lam')
    bS vii'W

    N aircraft carrier. ryabinl (lam 1, khr}tau') N

    b s 1 deeur}ta' to be light red, a faint red.

    ( 61'1, b Fl ~ 1

    b s 1 in
    Q..l

    airplane.
    b eJ

    b s 1 n ryarau' v to be chronic. J-' .:v o l.Jb1)'Vf1 b s 1 s ~ panhaa'ryarau' N chronic problem.

    ct

    Q.,l

    S 1LJ ( &1' 1) ryabaj I bS1L.J s::: ~'W'\J 1'W ( "1'1)


    N battleship.

    (lam')

    N sailboat.

    o bb~~ Ls IS ~

    &"

    ( bb~GJ)

    phlee'ryarau' (phlee') N

    rya'pracanbaan' (lam')

    chronic ulcer or sore.


    LSln in LSln6i'J'W ('U!Tiil) ryagsuan' (khanad')

    bS1L.JS::::W~
    boat.
    b ~ l{l'W
    v

    (&1'1)

    ryapramou' (lam')

    N fishing
    b 1 ~

    N orchard, garden.

    ryau' V to be bright, glowing, fluorescent.

    ( ~'1)

    ryapyyn' (lam')

    N gunboat. N sur-

    lil1 'J b 1 ~ daawryau' N marigold.

    lil In--

    ( lil eln)

    b~l~'J'W'1 (61'1) rya'phiwnaam/ (lam')


    face vessel.
    b s eJ'W 'J ~
    "' I

    marigold (the flower). (the plant).

    lil'W- -

    ( lil'W)

    marigold

    ( &11) ryapMau' (lam')

    N 1. tugboat.

    s~
    q

    b 1

    ~ rfiuryau' V 1. to be prosperous, civilized.


    L'l SDJ,

    2. a boat or train of boats pulled by a tugboat.


    b 1 'W 1ll

    2. to be luminous, brilliant. -+Syn. 1.


    b~ 1

    ( 61' 1) ryaphaaj' (lam')

    N a boat pro-

    2.

    6i

    ~1~

    pelled by paddling.

    bSl~'W1:W ryaunaam' V eleg. to be famous,


    N deb s 1 ~
    d

    bS1~~11il
    stroyer.

    (~'1) rya'phfkhad' (lam')

    renowned.
    ( b s 1 ~)
    d

    r}tau' (r}tau')

    N 1. story, subject,

    b~vltl
    b S 1 b:W61

    (61'1)

    ryafajl (lam')

    N steamboat. N a scheduled
    I

    subject matter. C 2. elf. for stories, plays, anecdotes, etc. Pp 3. about, concerning.
    n 1 b s 1
    ~

    "'
    "'

    ( 61'1) ryamee' (lam')

    passenger motorboat, steam passenger ferry.


    LS1U'Wiil bS1 S'\J (61'1) ryajonl (lam')

    ko;)r}tau' V to start or cause trouble.


    ~

    N motorboat. N warship. N

    b n lil b s 1
    v dl

    k88dr}tau' trouble arises.


    d

    ( &1'1)

    ryar6b' (lam')

    ~Un'W biH

    s 1 ~

    khujlkanthY!Jr)tau' to chat about.

    o n eJ H

    s1 S'\J

    ( n 1 ~) b:JtJ'ryar6b' (b;)tJ')

    b Fl1 b s 1 ~

    khawr}tau' N outline, scheme, plot of

    fleet (of warships). o n'161 ~ b S 1 S'\J kamlau'ryar6b' N naval power, strength.


    b 1611lillil S::: b 'J'W

    a story.

    1Fl s-'! b s 1 ~
    lil 'J lJ b S 1
    v

    khroour}tau' N plot, outline, structure

    (of a story).
    ( 61'1)

    rya 1 Hiadtraween 1 (lam')

    dfiajr}tau' about, concerning, over, with

    N cruiser.
    b ~ eJ r;f1tf'W ( 61'1)

    regard to, in the matter of, in the case of. ryasampn' (lam') N sampan. N Chinese o lil'WLS1~1:::ls dfiajr}tau'?arajl aboutwhat?
    lill:WLS1-'1 taamr}tau' sV colloq. 1. accordingly,
    d d

    b~16i"1bJl1 (61'1) ryasamphaw' (lam')


    junk.

    as the circumstances allow (or require). 2.


    (61'1) ryasinkhaa' (lam')

    b~l~'W;1
    b~lb'Vf1:::

    N cargo
    v

    for the heck of it.


    d

    boat, freighter.
    (61'1) ryah~?/ (lam')

    ll1-'1 b s 1-'1 th5;)tJ'r9au' N the subject matter,

    N aircraft. designation for

    the essence of a story, the story itself.

    b ~ eJ eJ 1 n 1 f) ryal?aakaad::::...

    the lowest commissioned ranks of the air force.

    b~1Ltv-'l nyar}tau' idem. 1'W bd S 1 ~ najr}tau' 1. in (such and such a) case,

    bHH

    466
    I

    event, matter. 2. in regard to, in the matter of, in the case of.

    n 1 S" bS 8'W

    ( 8 t1 1-:j )

    kaanryan-' (jaau-') N 1. house-

    work. 2. household affairs. 3. home economics.


    4,.1

    1:w 1~ b HH
    no sense.

    "'d

    m~jd~jr1an-' co 11 o q. 1. to be no

    .d,l

    A~

    'J b ~ 8'W

    ( Fl S 'J b S 8'1..!)

    o:!:i

    khruaryan-' (khruaryan/)

    good, useless. 2. to get no result. 3. to make

    N family, household.
    LFl S 8 .:j b S 8'W
    d "'

    ( V'W, '11~)

    ..,

    ~l:w b.U'W b S" 8 ~ m~jpenr1an-' to be nonsense, nonsensical.


    .., d ~ b S"

    khr1auryan-' N furniture

    (chin-' for a piece; chud-' for a set or suite). '!iTW b! 8'W chaanryan-' N (uncovered) porch.

    ..,

    8 ~ n1ur1an-' V 1. to understand. 2. to know,

    '1.1 1'1..! b S 8'W

    Man-' ryan-' N house, home.

    understand the matter. 3. to be understandable.


    b.S 8 ~A 'J S" ~ r1an-'khuann1u-' things (or stories)
    d

    iJ LS8'W
    ..,

    miiryan-' V co 11 o q. to be married, have

    a family (usually of a woman) .

    worth knowing.
    b Hl H -:j'W<]l18 ~ "1 r1an-'-nann;m-'thoonthoon-' N
    d ""

    iJ b'1-Ytl 1 iJ LS 8'1..!
    Lb:W bS 8'W ( Fl'W)

    miij~w-'miiryan-' V e 1 a b. co 11 o q.
    m~c:ryan-' (khon-') N female head

    to be married, have a family (usually of a woman}.

    financial matter.

    L18~(;jn~n
    d
    d I

    rfan-'cugclg-' N trivial matter, petty


    C/

    of a family; housewife .
    bS 8'1..! n 1 fJ b ~ 8'W (;jo1

    matter, trifle.
    b HJ
    d

    ryankaaj-' N e 1 e g. (human) body, form.


    I

    nJ an t1 e.H'J r1an-' -pllig-'joj/ N trivial matter.

    ( LblY .:j )

    ryancam-' (hu-')
    ~n

    N e 1 e g. jail,

    b S 8 ~ ~ 1 'J r1auraaw-' N story, account; matter;

    prison. -syn.
    Lh'W

    com. N wooden house,

    happening; case.
    b HJ Hl n lil'\.1 r1an-'lyglab-' N 1. mysterious subject.
    d "'
    ~

    1; ('1-Yi.:j)

    ryanmaaj-' (lan-')

    building.
    L!8'WS"1 ~

    2. mystery story.
    b HH ~ 'J'Wl'l 'J rfan'suantua-' N personal matter,
    d
    I

    ryanrflan/ N eleg. (human) body, figure,

    form. -syn. b!eJ'Wn1tJ.


    L SeJ'WlYeJ ('1-Yi.:j)
    v

    private affair.
    b s- 8 ~ 61'1..!
    d
    ~

    ryanh3o-' (lau-')
    ~

    N bridal house,

    ( b ~ 8 ~ ) rfaus~n-' (r1au-') N short story.

    a house built for a newly wedded couple.


    I

    o '!l:W'W:W b18 -:j /'!..! q

    chumnum-'Iians~n-'

    cv

    q.,

    G.-'

    N anthology

    eJ fJ D'\.1 LvW 1 L W1 n '1.1 b S" 8'1..! juu-'kajflw-' -f~w-'karyan-'


    'II

    of short stories.
    d 1 ~ b:J8.:j8::: sn'W r1an-'?araj-'-kan-'! What's the mat-

    e 1 a b. co 11 o q. to stay at home and look after things (considered a good quality for a woman).
    L S el'W [;] ryan-' C amount, quantity.

    ter? What's up? What for?


    b s 8 ~ 81'1..! b lil'W
    d
    I I

    d ( b ~ 8 .:j ) Iiannaanl~n-'

    (Iian-')

    LD'W L 8'W penryan-' on the order of (a specified

    N something which is read for pleasure, light reading. -Often used instead of the more specific terms story," etc.
    ~

    magnitude), by (dozens, hundreds, etc.), by the {dozen, hundred, etc.).


    L "' ~ 8'1..!
    4'
    Gn

    '!. ! 'J'Wtl 1 tJ
    ..,

    "novel," b18 .:j /'!..!

    "short

    in

    'W~

    L"' ~ 8'W

    ( Fl'W)

    phonlaryan-' {khon-')

    civilian. N
    b ~ 8'W in the following entries. Jtd' 'tJ LHl'W khtiryan-' N co 11 o q. leprosy.

    '1-Y'J b s- 8 .:j

    ( b s- 8 .:j , 'tJ 8) hi:iar1au-' (rfau/, kh~o-')

    title, heading.
    '1-11 b S" 8 .:j Malian-' V 1. to look for trouble, invite
    d

    o LD'WiJ L f8'W pen-'khtiryan-' to have leprosy, be a leper.

    trouble. 2. to start trouble, dissension.


    b 81 b S" 8 .:j ?awlian-' V 1. to be strict, severe,
    d
    d

    1S" Fl L ~ 8'W

    ,}'

    r6ogryan-' N leprosy.

    stem. 2. to cause trouble; to make an issue (of something). sV 3. co 11 o q. quite, quite a bit, considerably.
    bSei~

    b ~ 8tl sV continuously. d 4' b S" eltl L "l8tl r1ajc9aV on and on, continuously.

    LS eJ fJ "1 r1ajryaj-' V 1. to be so- so, as usual. sV

    ( ;1)
    (

    r1ad-' (tua-') N bedbug. -+Also

    til'J-- .
    bb S"
    v

    2. continuously, regularly. 3. leisurely, in a leisurely manner.


    r~c:-'
    ~

    b! 8'1..!

    '1-Yfi' .:j) ryan-' (lau-') N 1. house, household;

    housing. C 2. elf. for clocks, watches. -+S y n.

    N ore, mineral. N mineral oil.

    "' 1. '1.1 1'1..!.

    'Wo1:W'WLbS" namman-'r~c:-'

    467

    " ~ namrte' N mineral water. \t:m


    LL~~h.Jn rte'diibug' N tin ore. 9
    1

    '1!866~ ~

    kh:'i:Jreeu' V to ask (someone) to lend a

    hand, ask for assistance {in doing work). N tungsten


    66'/"' .J
    H6~ ~

    66 ~ 'HH6'l'l HJ rte'wuunfreem', -wuul'U

    khtureetJ' V to be strong, powerful. temreetJ I with full force, with all one's

    ore, wolframite. [ 'H'lU'WHJ f. Eng.]


    1

    6 l"' i1 :W Lb ~

    'U

    ~'!Hb~ sinrte' N ore.

    might.

    "' 66 ~ 6 vtl.HH
    mine.
    66 ~ n rteg'
    :!:::

    "' ( 6'Vl:!HH)

    myaurte' (myau')

    '

    N ore

    ~'W 66 ~ ~

    thflnreeu I

    V to save on energy, effect an

    v to be first.
    1. the initial step. 2. initial,

    'WOTWn'Wo166~~ nampMg'namreeu' N elab. colloq.


    1. (one's own) effort, labor. 2. (one's) personal investment. L'lJ 1 66 ~
    ~

    ..,

    economy on energy, power, labor.

    ..,

    'IJ 8 66 ~ n kh~:Jrteg' the first item, first point. 'IJ'W66 ~ n kh.inrteg'

    primary.
    Fl
    0

    bawreeu' V to be labor- saving, easy to

    :!::: ~ ~

    66 s n khraurteg' the first time.


    :!:::

    operate.

    1 'WFl !i ~ 66 ~ n najkhraurteg'

    1. in the first place.

    66:J.Jl6~~ (el'W) mtereetJ' (?an') N 1. jack; crane.


    2. (moral) support, mainstay (used of a woman who stands behind a man in what he does),

    2. the first time.


    0

    ._,

    6il'W Fl

    ~:!:::~ 66 ~ n

    penkhraurteg' for the first time.


    1

    'i.f'W66!ln chanrteg' 1. first step, first shelf, first

    ~ 'J:wl6n~'l:WL'I
    ~ 8'W66~ ~

    rflamreeu'ritamcajl V elab. to

    class. 2. at first. o

    be united in action and spirit. r5:Jn'reetJ' V to be burning, flaming,

    1'WJ'W66~n najchanrteg' at first. Iii 8'W 66 s n t:J:Jnrteg' 1. the first part,


    part. 2. at first.
    1

    the beginning
    ~

    rousing. 1 tJ L6 ~
    ~

    raajlreetJ' V to be severe, serious, bad

    6Uil 66 ~ n tf:ertegl at first, from the beginning. rl66 s n thiirteg'


    &-'

    (as of a fire, an illness, etc.).


    d L~

    1. at first, the first time.

    2. in

    tJ 'J bb ~
    ~

    rtawreetJ I

    N strength.

    the first place.


    6'lJ 8 ~ 66 ~ n
    b~aurteg'

    66 ~

    Fl'W reeukhon' N manpower.

    e 1 e g. at first.

    66 ~ ~ ~ 1 'W reeuuaan'

    N labor.

    LJ~~n1susn

    prakaan'rteg' eleg. for one thing,

    o F\1 66 n n'W kh.ia'rcetJtJaan' N wages, pay (for labor). 66 ~ ~ ;'W rt:etJdan' N pressure.

    the first (reason being), in the first place.


    S n 66 S n ragrteg'

    N first love .
    r~8mrteg', rtegr~8m'

    6 ~ :w 66 s n , 66 ~ n 6 s :w

    .J

    cl

    N 1.

    U~ ~ LrltJ'W

    recuthian' C candle power; watt.

    beginning. 2. originally, in the beginning, from the start.


    66 s n 6 rl rtegka8d' newborn. 6L ~ nbUJ :W rtegj8em' first- blooming.

    66~ ~:W1 rt:EtJmaa/ C horsepower, -+Syn. n1i~:W1,


    61H6~ ~

    ..,

    lourcctJ' V to expend energy. 66 ~.:) louthun'loureetJ' V to put money

    o 61

    ~ ~'Wfil ~

    and effort into (a project). a flower


    61:W66S~

    r18nl~6LSnbL;:W d~:Jgmaajlrtegj8em'
    as a simile for a young girl.

    lomreeu' V tobewindy. stnreetJ' V to be exhausted. modreetJ'

    which is just beginning to open. -Often used

    ff'W66S.:) 'Vl:Wrl 66 n
    ~

    to be exhausted, lose all

    66 ~ n ~'W rtegritn' adolescent, young .

    one's strength or energy. e 1 a b. origid ~ 'Vl'J6StJ'J'Vl'JLLS~

    66 s n 6 ~ :W 6 r1:W11

    .:!

    C:l

    rtegr~8m'd88mthiil

    hilartaw'huarectJ' N elab.

    nally, in the beginning.


    66 !in 6 n li1

    co 11 o q. mainstay, principal force.

    'l~--

    ( el'W) regk@dl, maajregk@dl*(?an')

    Vl'll6~ ~ huarecu' N mainstay, principal force.


    6'Vl~ 8'l.J 1 n 'J 166 s ~ lyahla'kwaareetJ' e 1 a b. co 11 o q.
    1

    N racket (as for tennis). [66 "' ~ n 6n li1 f. Eng.]


    66~ ~

    reeu' N 1. power, force, strength, energy. V 2. to be powerful, strong, energetic. sV 3. forcefully, hard, powerfully, strongly.

    to be more than one can do, take on, shoulder.


    8 8'W 66 S .:j ?~:JnrtJ I L8166 ~
    .:j

    V to be tired, weary, weakened.

    ?awreetJ' V to build up a reserve of

    no1~~66~ ~ kamlaureeu' N power.

    strength, energy.

    468
    llH 0J
    Lb s ~ ~

    (el'W)

    r~:g'*(?an')
    ~ eJ ~ ll ~ ~ .

    N sieve,strainer.

    n 1'WL sA kaallarelog' N plague.

    See

    .ff1 SA
    N writ. com. vulture.
    l

    khtirl'logl V to be sickly, unhealthy. chyarelog' N disease germs.


    (lil 'J)

    l6 n

    ( rJ'd) rE:g' (tua')


    -Also
    allH com.
    (

    ~el 1SA

    rl'J L SA

    tuar!'log' (tua')

    N microbe.

    ll Hl

    rJ'J)

    r~Ed' (tua') N rhinoceros.


    ( el'W)

    ~!ilLS A tld'relog' V to contract a disease, catch

    'W eJ bb S lil ll S'W in

    n::>::>r~Ed' (?an') N rhinoceros horn.

    a (contagious) disease.
    l1J'W L SA penrl'log' to have a disease, be diseased. tJ 1 i'n "ef1L SA jaa'- ragsi:ialr6og' N medicine, medi-

    ll S'Wlbl'l'W rwkhEn' V to be poverty-

    stricken, needy.
    ll HJ 0J
    '~

    TEEm' V to wane (of the moon). kh.qa:g TEEm' (period of) the waning moon.

    cinal drug.
    L SAnS:;; lil n
    'll

    ~ll S :J.J

    ~ el'W

    relog'kraduug?:,::m' N rickets.

    ' 1'WllS:J.J 0J 1'11 wanrEEm'nYtlkh_qml the first day

    LSA~:Df~ rl'log'kudtM:g' N leprosy.

    of the waning moon.


    ll S :J.J ~

    rEEm' V to spend {the night).

    1SA l n ~el'W rl'logkl)}an' N chloasma, 1S Wu 11il81'Vl1 S r6og'khaad?aahaan'


    undernourishment. e leg.

    a skin disease.
    N malnutrition,

    A 'H bb S :J.J khaa:grEEm' V com. to stay overnight,

    spend the night. -s y n. bb S :J.JA'W

    LSA1;m'W"ef r(}og'kh.jth::>:Jraphfd' N eleg. small-

    LJS:::rl'\HlS:J.J prathab'rEEm' V roy. to stay over-

    pox.

    -Also

    1;m'W"ef. -Syn.

    ~!il1"ef

    com.

    night.
    inlbS:J.J phagrEEm' V to camp, lodge, stay over-

    LSA1;nn611!il~8tJ
    typhoid.

    r6og'-kh.qjr.agsaad'n:S:Jjl N

    night.

    h
    d

    A1;nn 6111il1 'Vlij r6og'-kh.jr.qagsaad'jajl N

    o 'tl'l'lnus:w ('tl,ll'VH) thiilpMgreem 1 (thiil,he:g')


    N 1. overnight lodging. 2. campsite.
    S el'Wll S :J.J r::>::>nreem' V lit. to go on a trip (over-

    typhus.

    LSA AeJ ~'U


    9

    r!'log'kh::>::>tlib' N diphtheria. r6og'khudthadad' N yaws.


    N mental

    LSAI'llil'tl:::nlil

    night or longer), to journey spending the night out.


    ll S :J.JA'W reemkhyyn' V e leg. to spend the night.

    LSI'l~lil

    ('d'W!il) rl'logcld' (chanfd')

    disease.

    1S l'l Un
    6

    r6ogcMg' N colloq. disease charac-

    -Syn.

    I'll ~A'W com.

    terized by convulsions.

    bl s :J.J l Ael'W, lU'W-- reemdyan', penreemdyan' for a month, for a period of months.
    US :J.JD, l1J'W-- rEempiil, penrEEmpii' for a year,

    1S Fl A~l'W r6og'diis.an' N jaundice. 1SA !ill 6llil ~ relog'taadee:g' N conjunctivitis.


    LsFlA!il~eJ
    ('1.1'\Jiil)

    rl'log'tldt:,::>' (chanid")

    for a period of years.

    contagious disease. (roo:g', hen')

    1s ms:w ( 1s ~, ll~~) rooureem' N hotel. -s y n. 1eJ l ~ 61


    ll S 'J ( el'W) rew' (?an')

    1SA;eJ ~ f.J n
    'U

    Lsl'l'I18~Sdi rl'log'th:S::>:grfia:g' N eleg. diarrhea.

    'l

    rl'log'th:S::>uphuug' N constipation.

    N snare, trap (that en-

    snares).
    ~ lil US 'J tldrEw' V to get trapped, stuck in a trap.

    LSA;EH'l ~ tJ r(}og'th:S::>tJs I a' N L S l'l'U 11il 't1:;; Jn r6og'baadthajag'


    L S Fl'Uiil r6ogbld'
    9

    co 11 o q. diarrhea.
    N tetanus.

    N dysentery.
    ..,

    LS
    'I~ ~.

    roo' V (the abdomen) to be distended, swollen. rl'lo' sV 1. distinctly (such that it attracts attention); obviously, clearly. 2. quickly. o lllil

    L S l'l'U S "ef r6og'burud' N venereal disease (con-

    tracted by a woman).

    -ct. 1S Fl f.J 'Vli'U ~ .


    'll

    ~
    0

    1; dee:g'rl'lo'
    A

    to be distinctly red, bright

    1 S ALJ eJ lil'U 'J :J.J r!'log'p:,::>dbuam' N pneumonia. LS AtJ'l "l ~'W r6og'padcuban' N sudden illness
    9

    red.

    (sometimes one which causes immediate death).


    N disease,

    1SA

    ( eltJ 1 ~, 'l.i'Wiil) rl'log' (jaa:g', chanid')

    LsFl~'JVlir~

    ('J'W!il)

    r!'log'phiwna:g' (chanid')

    sickness.
    D1:J.JLSA kaam'mar!'log' N eleg.,tech. venereal

    dermatitis.
    L SA;'Vli'U ~ r6og'phfiuj I:g'
    'll

    N venereal disease

    disease. -syn.

    LSI'l'US"ef,

    Lsl'l;'Vli'U~.
    'll

    (contracted by a man).

    -ct. 1 SA~ ;"ef.

    469

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1SA 1'VW 1G rookhaa'phaj~adl, rookhaa'phajaa'::: 1~Pi 2 l rl'8 ;1 tJ rBog'flinyaniajl N e 1 e g. cancer.


    -syn.
    1smJ::; l

    s~

    com.

    thi?' N 1 it. disease, sickness.

    1~A~"b..l;81

    rClog'fiinajth:'>::>tJ' N colloq. (puleleg.

    1H

    ( 1H)

    roo:n' (roo:n')

    N 1. building, structure;

    monary) tuberculosis. -Syn. i'D!LsA

    normally not used alone except as elf. C 2. elf. for buildings whose names have

    1S A'Y1"e!-5i ~ 1
    9

    relog'phidsuraa' N alcoholism.
    ,VtJii1) rBogphajlkMjceb'

    LS ~

    as the1r

    1sAilu1 6;l~'U (8~1~

    first element, except where otherwise noted in the list of derivatives below.
    Jll S LH

    (jaa:n', chanfdl) N e 1 a b. disease, sickness.


    1 ~ A:W::; l ~ ~ reloglmare:n' N com. cancer. -Syn. 1sAikff8;1EJ eleg. 1sAS::;'U11i1 (1sA,cJiJlil) rBog'raooad' (rBog',

    ( A'W) phaanroo:n' (khon')

    N janitor,

    custodian.

    ~'W LH

    jyyn'r.oo:n' V 1. (someone)' to be a main-

    chanid')

    N eleg. epidemic.

    stay. 2. to have the longest or most prominent role (as in a play); to have the same role every time.
    't s ~ n S::; "e!-1LJ~ roo:nkrasaab' N mint (i.e. where

    1S A l f 8 'W
    --Syn.

    r5ogryan' N leprosy.

    1SAI;HS1fl rl'log'lo:ndag' N vulg. cholera.

    LsA~1

    vulg., 1sAeJ'H'd1 eleg. N epilepsy.

    1 S A61:W;1'ViJ.J 'II

    rBog'-lom'b~amuu'

    money is coined).

    LsA~fl1llil~n lUiil rl'log'-lagkapld'lagkap88d' N


    scurvy.

    1sA1~'Hlil'111 rClog'-loohld'caa:n' N anemia.

    Ls ~ l n'U roo:nkeb' N storehouse. 1S H ll'U HI roo:n'kebr6dl N garage. LH~1~lii'J.. roo:n'kh~asad' N slaughterhouse.


    'tsn1'W

    1SA AmJ::;

    rBog'slnlapa?l N medicine (as an art

    (1H,ll~~)

    roo:n:naan'(roo:n',he:n')

    or science); therapeutics.
    1sA Li'WLJS;;:;fi1'11 rl'logls@nprasaad' N 1. a nerv-

    factory, workshop, plant. o 'tsn1'W'VJeJnmr~ o


    9

    roo:n:naan'f:l::>gn&:n' N tannery. roo:n:naanl?us&alhakam',

    ous disorder; neurosis. 2. nervous breakdown.


    1sAlil'l'W

    Ls ~ ~ 1 'W eJ lilfi 1 'Vifl s S ;w

    relog's~jtan'

    N appendicitis.

    -?udsaa'- N factory, industrial plant.

    1SA'WWeJ~1'W relogln:"b:nnajl N gonorrhea.


    1sA'Vi61eJii161:J.JeJn Lfi'U relog'-1::-,::>dlom'?agseeb' N

    LS l5l"1'W'1

    roo:n'camnam' N pawnshop.

    bronchitis.
    1 ~ A'Vii'lil r5ogwad' N common cold. 1 s AVflil r5oghad1 N measles. 1sAVl1l'i r5og'huacaj' N heartdisease.

    1s~V1~lb5i~ roo:n'ch~a:nsee:n' N arsenal. LS ~~iJJ.J roo:ns:lml N repair shop.


    't s 1 ifn;1

    roo:n'sagpMa' N laundry (establish-

    ment).

    1s~lil,lS1'1

    (U'VI~)

    roo:n'tamruad'(he:n') N

    1S A~1

    reloghaa' N v u 1 g. 1. cholera. 2. any

    colloq. police station. -Syn. LH~fl.


    LsH;'Wf1

    virulent disease which destroys large numbers of men or animals; hence also, plague, rinderpest, anthrax.

    (ll~~)

    roou't@nraml (h:n') N dance

    pavilion, dance hall, ballroom.

    1s Hm1 s ( Ls ~, ll~~, VI~~)


    hc:n'. la:n')

    roo:n'thahaan' (roo:n'.

    1S A'Hrii
    1 S A~lil

    r5oghld1 N scabies (in man only). r5ogh)ryd' N asthma.

    N military barracks.

    1S 1'W 1

    roo:nnaa' N farm shack, farm shed.

    1 SAl Vi'l1'U'J1 r5og'nebchaal N beriberi.

    'tnlL.Js"e!-i!ltJ..

    (Ll~~)

    roo:n'prajsanii' (hc:n')

    1~AeJ'H11 r5ogl?ahiwaa/ N eleg. cholera.

    co 11 o q. post office.

    -syn.
    1sAeJ:Wl"l1lil

    1sA~1, hA~Hnfl

    vulg.

    LH

    'tW 1 'U 1 ~

    ( LH , ll ~ 1 )

    roo:n 'pha jaabaan' ( roo:n 1,

    r5ogl?ammaph~ad' N paralysis.

    hc:n')

    N hospital.

    i'D! 1SA wannar5og' N e leg. tuberculosis,

    o 'ts ~'tW1'\J1~fi~nv roo:n'phajaabaan'-sirlr~ad' pN the Sirirat (Siriraj) Hospital, in Thonburi.

    consumption. --Syn.
    a:w1sA

    1lA~1'W;eJ~

    colloq.

    ?om'rBog' V to be sickly, unhealthy.

    Ls ~ '1'1 ~::;An "e!-1

    roo:n'pMlasygs&a' N gymnasium.

    eJ'H11liln1sA ?ahiwaa'takarBog' N eleg. cholera.

    1H~fl (1H,U~~) roo:npMg' (roo:n',hf::n') N


    colloq. police station. -Syn. LS~lii,1S'd'l.

    1 ~A 1

    rookhaa/ N 1 it. disease, sickness. Cf.

    1SA.

    470
    1 ni~ lil
    9

    ( 1 n,

    u~~)

    roou 1 pMdsadu? 1 (roou'.

    o 1 ~ 'll St.J'UdJSt.J:WAn~1 roo:orian'-madthajom'syg:::: saa' N secondary school. o 1 H l S t.I'\.J ;~ 'U 1 '1 roo:orian' radthabaan' N public school. -Opp.
    1n LSt.J'\.J'Vi'l'J~.
    0

    ht:o') N storehouse, warehouse.

    1n'Vi:J.n; ( 1n, Lb~~)


    ing house.

    roo:ophim 1 (roou 1 ht:o 1 ) N

    printing establishment, press, printery, publish-

    Ls~lSt.I'\.JS'1~~s"'.

    -+Syn.

    1~ ~ 1<W.J1

    roo:o'fajfaa' N electric power plant.

    1~

    LSt.I'\.J S'

    1'ef~ ~..

    roourian'raadl N private

    1 ~ UI1'Wtl'\.Jfil..( 1

    ~ ~, u~~)
    I

    roo:o 1 pMabphajon 1

    school. -+Opp.

    ~ l SEJ'\.J;~'U1'1,

    ~ l SEJ'\.JvHl'J 'l.

    (roou'. he:o') N e 1 e g. moving-picture theater.


    1nm~ ( ~H,UvH) roo:o 1 phaasii' (roo:o 1.ht:o)
    "' '\

    o 1 ~ ~ l SEJ'\.J'Vitl lil roo:orian'jud' school is closed, 9 isover,isout. -+Comp.


    'Vitilil1S'llSti'\.J. 9

    N customs building.
    1 ~ ~ :J..J'Vi 1 ~ 'W roo:o 'mah~:i:Jrasob' N e 1 e g. theater,

    o 1 ~ 'l l Sti'\.J el'\.J'U 1 '1 roo:orianl?amibaan' N kin9 dergarten. o 1 ~ ~ l S tl '\.J eJ 1 ii'W roou rian'? aach t ib' N vocational school, trade school. o vWiil1 ~ ~ l Sti'\.J jud'roo:orian' to skip school, 9 stay out of school. -Comp. 1~ ~ l Sti'\.J'Vlt.llil. 9 roo:on:em' (roou'. ht:o 1 )

    entertainment establishment.

    1S ~ ~ D roo:or6d'

    N garage.

    1 ~ ~ ;'U (1'\.J'1 roourab'camnam' N pawnshop. 1 n l Stl'\.J ( Ls 'll Stl'\.J,

    h ~, lb~~}

    roo:orian'

    (roo:orian', roou'. he:o') N school, schoolhouse. o 1 ~ 'l LS t.I'\.J n'\.J'\.J el'\.J roo:orian'kinn;)::m' N com. boarding school. -+S y n.

    h ~ LL s :w ( 1 ~ ~ , lL ~ 'l)
    N hotel. -+S y n.
    I

    1eJ l ~ '1 .
    roo:ol9ajl(roou'.he:o') N

    'l l S tJ '\.J 'lh-::; ~f 1 e 1 e g.

    1~ 'l '1::; Fl ~
    d

    roo:olakh;);)n' N theater, playhouse.


    (Ls'l,LL'Vi'l)

    o 1~'lLst.~'\.JLn~fil~n~nJ roourian'kaseedtakam' N school of agriculture. o 1 ~ H StJ'\.JJ'\.J'lJ ~::; D:J..J roo:orian'chanprathi:lm' N elementary school, grade school. o

    1s'lL6lelt.l

    sawmill.

    1~ 'l fi 1 '1
    .

    roo:osaan' N colloq. court of justice .


    .

    o 'IJ'\.J 1 ~ 'l 'IJ'\.JA 1 ~ kh9nroo:o 1 kh9nsil.an' V e lab. colloq. to appear in court, go to court.
    1 ~ ~ ~ 'J lil roousuad' N colloq. church, church

    'l b StJ'UrillilG1'Uiil1'\.J roo:orian'-dad'sil.ndaan'

    N reform school.
    0

    1H

    lSt.I'\.J'Yl1'l1LJ~~&t.i"'

    roourian'thaauprajsanii'

    building.

    N correspondence school.
    0

    1n~'\.J;1 (1H,'Vi~'l)
    N warehouse.

    roo:oslnkhaa'(roou'.la:o 1 )

    h
    h

    ~ LStl'\.J L'Ylf)'U 1 '1 roourianlth~esabaan 1 N

    municipal school. o H St.I'\.J'\.J1tl;elt.l roo:orian'naajr5;)jl N cadet

    1s 'l ~ , - - ;
    o
    1 1 ~ 'l LSt.J'\.Jn'\.J'\.Jel'\.J 1

    1 'J

    ( 1~

    ~ , u~ 'l )

    roou s I il, roou s hkhaa w'

    (roo:o' ht:o')

    N rice mill.

    academy. o 1nd't.~'\.JLJ~::;"l'1 roo:orian'pracam' N eleg. boarding school. -+Syn. com. o 1 ~ ~ LS tJ'\.JLJ S::; 'ti1'U 1 '1 roo:orian'prachaabaanl N public (elementary) school (only in rural areas or areas outside of a municipality). o 1~'lLSt.~'\.JLJ~::;D:J..JAn~1 roourian 1 -pratMm'syg::::
    s~a'

    Ls ~~1'W
    ~ ~'Vi'W'l

    roousiifajl N steam rice mill.

    (1~

    ~, LL~'l)

    roo:onil.:o' (roou'. he:o')

    movie (theater). -+Syn. 1HJl1'Wt.I'\.Jfil"".

    ~ ~'Vi:J..JeJ

    ( 1 ~ 'l,

    LL~~)

    roo:om:J;)' (roou'. ht:o')

    hospital, clinic (usually private).


    1

    ~ ~ e:Jfil~ 1'Vin n:J..J


    9

    ( 1 ~ 'l,

    LL~'l)

    roo:ol?usaa'hakam',

    -?udsaa'- (roou'. ht:o')


    L'Vi;11n ('IJ'Jiil)

    N industrial plant. N an alco-

    lawroou' (khuad')

    N elementary school.

    holic beverage distilled from fermented rice.


    1 S' "l; in

    o 1HLSt.I'\.J~n~lilfl~ roo:orian'fyghadkhruu' N 'IJ teacher-training school, teachers college, normal school. o

    ;9 'l1 ~ "l; ril.:orl'lod' V 1. to be glorious,

    flourishing. 2. to be bright, brilliant.


    1s LiJtJ'J in

    'Wm;h LiJtJ'J, eJiil1~ LiJtJ'J

    phim'rooniaw'.

    'l Lst.~'\.J'W 1l].vEJ n 1 ~ roo:orian'phanidchakaan'

    ?ad'rooniaw' V to duplicate by means of a Roneo machine (a process similar to mimeographing). [f. Eng.]

    pN School of Commerce (a Government school in Bangkok).

    471

    1~ :W 1~:W
    1 ~ EJ

    0.l,--

    ;'W

    room!, roomran/ V lit. to attack,

    ls
    o

    &

    in

    1 S 'l

    raj raj! sV indistinctly in the distance.

    fight.
    lJ

    -+Usually in the following expression.


    b~'W l S 'l h~nlrajrajl to see vaguely, indistinctly

    room' pN Rome. [f. Eng.]

    roojl V 1. to sprinkle, scatter about on top of something. 2. to wither and drop off (of flower parts). 3. to be weary, exhausted.

    in the distance.

    l;

    CiJ

    rAj! N 1. farm, plantation. C 2. a square surface measure equal to 1600 square meters
    ( 2. 53

    bi'W'W

    EJ n

    li1

    ( ~ 1 EJ , bi'W'W)

    thanOnlroojkruad'

    l;

    equals one acre).


    (fl'W)

    (saajl, thanOn')

    N gravel road, driveway.

    '1.11'dls''ti1'd'W1

    chaawdjlchaawnaa' (khon')

    ~ 'd ~ 1~ EJ

    r1lauroojl V 1. to deteriorate, degener-

    N e lab. colloq. farmers.

    ate. 2. to be withered, wilted. 3. to have lost (its) vitality, vigor.

    rh
    d

    l;

    thamrtijl V to do farming, do crop-farming.

    81i11 ~ EJ
    d

    ?ldroojl V e leg. to be fatigued. --s y n.

    --s y n. 'l'h'W 1 . 'd 'Yll s 'Yl'W 1 ( bb'tl '1 ~ )

    thtir~jlthtinaa' (pleeu')

    b'Vl'WOtJ com.

    e lab. colloq. field, farm.

    ls

    0.l

    raj! 1. something, anything. 2. what? --Cf.


    0:::: 1~.

    t\'til s' ph~d'r~jl N farm crops.

    --Usually in special combinations only,

    1 s''W 1,-- ~ 11 '11


    (pleeu')
    lJ

    ( bb'tl'l

    ~l

    rttjnaa'.

    r~jnaa'saathoo'

    as in the examples below.


    .J1

    N e 1 a b. colloq. field, farm.


    d

    ~ ( ii'W) b1'b1 S , - 'tJ:::; l s


    ch~D'(man)paraV!

    cMu 1 (man)penraVL

    in

    S b S EJ

    rtijrta' to be about equal, about

    Let it be. Let it go. I don't

    the same. -+Usually

    161 b6ltJ.
    v
    to be unthinking,

    care. I don't care what happens to him.

    l;
    l

    raj!

    to be without; to lack. rajlkhwaamkhfd'

    fl1 S thiirajl whenever, any time, whatever time. b ~ 11 s th~wrajl* 1. how much? how many?
    to what extent? 2. how much, how many. --See cross reference.
    bYlEJ ~ l S phiaurajl how much, to what level.
    d

    ;A 11:WAii1

    not using one's head.

    1 ;~ 1 rajllql~a/ v to be valueless, worthless. l;~ 1'W rajluaan' V to be unemployed, out of a

    job.

    l; b~u ~ 611

    rajldiausaal

    v to be innocent, naive,

    b:WOl~ m~arajl 1. when? 2. any time, whenever.

    to lack worldly wisdom (as of a child).

    l~ biJ'W l
    mind.

    m~jpenraV!

    It doesn't matter. Never

    l ;'tJ s:::; 1EJ '1.1; rajlprajood' V to be useless, in vain.

    l;t:J '1
    1. why? for what reason? 2.

    raj/phOn' V to be useless, futile, ineffective. rajlsatl ?I V 1. to be unconscious. 2. to

    bVll11l ~ heed' raj!

    whatever reason.

    '

    l ;~ ~

    be crazy, insane.

    0~1~1~

    jaaurajl 1. how? what? inwhatway?

    l ;~ 1 s:::; l s l 'ii'l

    raj/saara?/ V to make no sense, be

    2. how, what, in what way, in any way. 3. odd,

    nonsensical.
    ( n s :::;'\J 0 n)

    strange, not quite right, unacceptable. -+Also

    rajf~n', rajf~II* (krab:,og')

    U~ l
    1s lS
    l
    lJ (

    S,

    U~ l ~ . ..... For examples

    see cross refer-

    rifle. [f. Eng.]

    ence.

    tJl'd) raj! (tua') N fowl louse.


    See entries below. N 1. the hair line above the

    S t:J:W rajph<Sm'

    forehead. 2. the part or dividing line formed when the hair is gathered into a topknot. --Dis t.
    2.
    bb~ n .

    bl

    ry?l

    A symbol used in the Thai writing system

    which functions as a consonant plus vowel combination pronounced

    ry=,

    rf:::, or

    rdd.

    It is not

    S~'W rajfan' N the teeth (as they are in the


    mouth).
    b S Ul S rtaraajl* V to solicit contribud

    considered one of the 44 letters of the alphabet since it is not a simple consonant. In dictionary arrangements, however, it is placed after S.

    c.: in

    tions, take up a collection.

    bl n~

    r~dg'

    N auspicious time.

    472
    l'l1 'Jb) n'~ ( l'l 'J 1;b]fl;
    ~) daawr~8g'

    (duau') N fixed star.

    d1ijr~8gl

    to reach the auspicious moment.

    b) n'~H 1JJfJ 1JJA r~8guaamljaamdii' N e 1 a b.

    co 11 o q. auspicious time . .-"' b) n'~rl'l r~8gdii' N propitious, auspicious time.


    b] lil
    '\1

    61 b:J' LOW consonant. Pronounced 1 initially, n

    finally (or occ.l in recent loanwords). The sound 1 as an initial low consonant is also rarely written 'fl.
    {;11

    (b) A) ryduu' (ryduu')


    '\1

    N e 1 e g. season.
    v

    -c 0 m p.
    b)~ n 161
    "'
    'll

    ~::; ~.

    -s y n.

    Vl'W 1 lD.

    -May be confused with ~

    in pron.

    ryduu'kaan' N season, time.


    d

    lou' V 1. to descend. 2. to get out of, get off (a car, train, etc.). 3. to put (something) down. 4. to release, drop. sV 5. down. -A special use of this word is given in the three examples below. -Ant.
    'lJ'W.

    b] A l n'lJ l nfJ 'J ryduu'kebklaw' N harvest, harvest-

    time, harvesting season.

    b)Al'Ul~t:.J~ 'U
    b]Al'Ul~;'J1
    '\1

    (b)A)
    'U

    ryduu'bajmaajphll?l (ryduu')

    N spring (the season).


    (b)l'l) ryduu'bajmaajrilau' (ryduu')
    '\1

    o {;11l;fhHVI;1{;1::otl

    N fall, autumn.
    b) ml'W ryduu'fon' N rainy season.
    '\JV

    lak!'b-penmaw'thugthiil! Whenever he drinks, he gets drunk. o {;11'UYI J1l'U"II'WJJ1(;1::;fl lou'-bodch:'\:Jb'kh)Tnmaa'6

    bU'WlJJ1'!1fl~ '

    lou'd1ijkinl1iw'-

    b) lil ~ eJ'W ryduu'r5::m' N summer, the hot season.


    '\1

    &'

    "'

    b)~ ll611

    ryduu'ltcu' N the dry season.

    lak:J:J- whenever one happens to like (someone or something); whenever a liking arises; whenever love arises. o {;11 'U'l1 Q'W 'J eJ'U '/J'WJ.J 1 {;1::; fl
    ~

    b) ~Vl'W 1 'J ryduu'naaw' N winter, the cold season.

    'J ~'Wiilb) A wasanltaryduu' N e 1 e g. spring (the


    '\1

    season).
    0'

    &'

    "'

    lou bod' chanch:'\:Jb'- kh)Tn:::

    6)'1115 rid 1

    N 1. supernatural power. 2. effect.


    .-

    maa'-lak!'\:J- whenever I happen to like (something).


    fl1 'J {;11 bbfl611
    '/J 1611
    &'

    blf.Jfil ~b)'l1S phlEcurfd' V 1. to manifest supernat-

    ural power (usually in order to strike terror). 2. to act up, show itself. 3. to show (its) effects (as of poison, drugs). 4. to show one's nature, disposition (e.g. by stubbornness, temper, etc.) .
    )Jflb)'l1S ?~:Jgrid' V 1. to show (its) effects (as
    .-

    k1iaw 1 lou::: kE:e'lou

    to step down (from).

    to grow older.

    khaalon' the downward trip; on the way down. kh)Tnlon' V 1. to fluctuate, rise and fall;

    'lJ'W(;11

    to be fluctuating, inconstant. 2. to go up and down, take off and land. sV 3. up and down.
    I

    of poison, drugs). 2. to show one's nature, disposition (e.g. by stubbornness, temper, etc.) .
    ~'l1Sb)'l1S ?ldthirfdl N supernatural power, force
    .-

    Fl"1(;11

    kh1im'lo1J

    1. to become dark.

    2. at dusk.

    b ~[J'U{;1 ~ utab'lou fl'U{;11

    to quiet down.

    (esp. of a violent, destructive nature).


    ~

    cob1 lou

    to end, be concluded.

    b] t'W rythajl N 1 it. mind, heart.

    ~s y n. See

    1 '1

    'd 161 ~ chaa'lon to get slower, slow down, slow up.


    "Lf1(;1l

    qi} ( eJ 1 Fl) rys'fil (?ou') N hermit, anchorite.


    -More commonly b) 1~ ryysli'.

    saa'Ion

    to subside, abate. the rain is subsiding.

    o l'l'W"Lf1(;11

    fon'saa'Iou

    1;{;11 Fl eJ d1ijloukh:J:JI to be unfeeling enough to.

    {;1fl~19f:eJ1;{;11FleJ
    '\J

    10ug'-kh1ia'ph:J:J'-d1ijloukh:J:J'!

    bll
    b) 1 ryy 1

    The son killed his father in cold blood. o Flbl6'W~J11'11"11A{;11FleJ'W::;


    9

    khun 1 nti-cMntham 1 d1ij:::

    A symbol used in the Thai writing system

    lo1Jkh::l:J 1 -na! How could you have the heart to do this? l9l n 611 toglon' V to agree (to something).

    which functions as a consonant plus vowel combination pronounced ryyl, ryy:::.


    b) li} ( l91'W, eJ 1Fl) ryysiil (ton', ?ou')

    N hermit,

    o '/J eJ Iii fl6H

    ( 'LI eJ)

    kh:J:J'toglou' (kh:J:J')

    N 1.

    anchorite.

    agreement, settlement. 2. points of agreement. o lll fl61ll "l togloucajl V to decide, to make up

    6H

    473 one's mind. o


    ~ ~ 1mr lonth6od' v 1. to punish. 2. to take dis-

    L~'W5'Wlil1liiH pen?an'toglon'! It's agreed.


    tal::,;,d'loumaa' all the way down to. to get worse, take a turn for the

    ciplinary action.

    ->S y n. See '11 11 mr.

    Iii iil eJ lil ~ ~ :W 1

    o '\J 11 ii1 ~ 1 mr ( tMLJ'\J , '\J '11 , ; eJ ) bod'lontMod' (chabab', bod',


    ~ i'W1JJ
    kh~b')

    11 sA fl ~

    sud'lon

    N penal code.

    "
    J_,

    worse (of a patient). n5;,jllon


    n~n 1 lou

    lounaam' V eleg. to sign, sign one's


    1l1 S--

    'W eJ rHH
    'W ~ 61 ~
    v

    to decrease, diminish, dwindle.


    ~

    name. See

    signing, act of signing. ->Syn.

    to sit down.
    .}'

    l eU'W~eJ com. lotJbad' to cast a ballot. loupajl 1. to go down. 2. down, downward. lonphun' V colloq. to have a big belly,

    th61-i mimlon' '\J ~ S l 11161 'I

    N ebbtide. -Opp. 'W1'1J'W.

    .:j'\Jlil

    banthaw'lon to alleviate, reduce

    6i ~

    1 '\J
    .:j

    (e.g. pressure).
    'i.l'W61 1 binlon' to land (of aircraft). l'\J1'\J1-i61 1 bawbaau'lon' to diminish, subside

    iil i ~

    be paunchy, potbellied.

    iil.:jd-J~ lou'matl?l V to resolve, pass a resolution,


    come to a decision.
    ii1 ~ dJ 1 loumaa'

    (e.g. illness, distress, noise).


    B-l'W61 q

    L~lil fon'lonmed'! It's starting to rain.

    1. to come down. 2. down, down-

    l U'W61 1 jen'lon to get cool, get cooler, cool down. ii1


    ~1lii1ei'W

    ward. o
    'l11lfi'Wlil.:jlllil~~:; l"l1llr.J'Wii1'W~~JJ1
    l;
    A

    lonkb;,nl V to bolt, latch (a door, win-

    dow).
    61 ~ 'tJ 1 1 lonkhaaw' V to print, publish the news.

    tsc:phrac1iwph8ndin'loumaa' everyone from the king down. o ii11i1111"1ii1 .:j dJ 1 l6dtam'loumaa' to get lower down.
    i 1 ~ ~ eJ loumyy' V idiom. to start, begin, underl: ..,

    "

    thugkhon 1 -t1in::::

    611 Wi'J n lonkhhg' V idiom. to hold a bee, get the help of one's neighbors on a given day (esp. for transplanting or harvesting rice). Sl ~ Fl 'd 1:W l Vi'W lon'khwaamh~n' V to conclude, come to a general conclusion, come to an agreement. Sl ~ Fl
    EJ
    ~

    take, set one's hand to.


    ~

    ->Syn. lil i lii'W.

    i ~ bl lou rod'

    V to get out of a car, get off a

    vehicle (e.g. a bus, streetcar).


    6i i ~

    See entry below.

    bl1 ~

    lon'r6dfajl V to get off a train. lonr;,;,jl V idiom. tobeingoodharmony,

    o 'iTJli16H Fl eJ wadllot]kh;,;,l to have a sore throat, a cold with phlegm. Sl

    ~iSeJU

    in agreement, to get along well (with someone). above.


    6i

    ~ Fl eJ

    l8.

    See

    1;61 1 Fl eJ

    is 1 n~ 1l

    lou'r1iagtyg' to lay the foundation of

    Sl ~ Fl::; bk'W'W lon 1 khanc:c:n' V 1. to cast a vote, cast a ballot. 2. to write down, record the score.
    d ii1 ~'Jei

    a building.
    ii1 i l ~ eJ lourya'
    6i Hb~ i

    V to board a boat.

    louch9Jr' V colloq. to sign, sign one's ->Syn. See

    lonrc:c:n' V to expend energy. lonthun'lourc:c:n' V to put money

    name.

    Lo'il'W~eJ

    com.

    o iil i
    w

    ~'W Sl ~us~

    611 'l1 eJ -i louth5:JD' V co 11 o q. to suffer from diarrhea.

    and effort into (a project). Sl .:j 'd'W '11


    i1
    d

    lon'wanth1ihbg' dated the sixth. loulag'pagr1iag'

    ii1~'!1:; LiJU'W lon 1 thabian 1 V to register, to be


    registered. o "llil'Vl:W1Uiili'l1:; LiJUl.l codmaajllonthabianl N registered mail.
    ii1 ~ 't1fl6'i1 lou than' V e leg. to punish.

    iVlimJn ~ 11l

    elab.

    to lay

    the foundation.
    ~ .:j

    l eJ tJ lou?ddV V colloq. to end up, conclude, be settled.

    _,.S y n.

    i 1 A~ i l6d'lon

    to subside, become lower. to decrease, lower,

    See

    'l111mr.

    ii11i1 ( ) Sl i l6d'( ... )lou

    ii1 Hl1U lonthaajl V 1. to be at the end.

    2. to end,

    ..,

    reduce . l6m'lon' to fall down, to collapse. l6m'lonn:J;,nl to lie down. to become worse. to die down, subside.

    bring to an end, close. sV 3. finally, at last. 6l .:j 'll'W lonthunl V to invest, make an investment. o ii1 111'Wii1 .:j ll s i louthun 1 lonrc:c:n 1 V to put money

    ~ JJ~ i

    "

    ~ JJ~ i 'W eJ'W

    " and effort

    l Sl 'd

    ~ i

    leew'lon

    into (a project).

    8 .:j'\J ~ i sauob'lou

    474
    'V![J eJ'W~ ~ j:':l:m'lon. jon'lon 1. to put down, lower.

    many to handle.
    ~'W'V!~

    2. to slow down. 3. to slacken (e.g. a rope). 4. to decrease, diminish.


    'V!1 S Iii~ rl'J Man'lontua' to be divisible (mathemat-

    UJ l6nl.iam' V to be overloaded, overflowing,

    overcrowded.
    lil'l.J 16b' V 1. to erase. 2. to subtract; minus.
    1; 1;

    ically).

    'IJ'J~'U

    ('IJ'J)

    kh0al6b' (khOa')

    N cathode; negative

    eJeJ'Wn"1i~lil~ ?o:m'kamlan'lon to be weakened.


    eJ eJ'W l 'W~[J Iii~ ??J:mphlia'lon to get weak, get weaker.
    eJeJ'W~~

    pole.
    lbt!S ~~'Un S:::; A1'W1711 ( el'W) pn:en'-16b'kradaandam'

    ??J:m'lon to get weaker, become milder,


    [I

    (?an')
    1 ~ fl'U

    N blackboard eraser. N eraser (made

    softer, less rigid.


    li!Hiil~

    ( U 'fl ~ ) jaanl6b' (thtn')

    in loud noise (e.g. of quar-

    of rubber).
    ~'Ufl1 ~

    (sian') N slang reling, debating).

    16blaan' V to wipe out, eradicate, wash

    away.
    lil'U l ~ J'W 16blyan' V to fade away.
    lil'U'V!~

    61171 16d' V to lower, reduce, decrease, discount.


    ~ li1

    S1 A1 l6d'raakhaa' to reduce the price; to give a discount; to put on sale; to have a sale.

    l6bluu' V 1. to show disrespect, contempt,

    disdain, ungratefulness (toward parents, guardian, teacher, or other benefactor particularly deserving of respect).

    6117161

    l6d'lon to subside, become lower.


    )Iii~

    Iilii\ (

    l6d'( ... )Ion to decrease, lower,


    9

    reduce.
    lil1711il:::;,
    ~:::; ~

    ~'W'U ~ l6b'burii' pN Lopburi, a township inC Thaiv

    171 16dla?', la?l6d' V to give in, yield,

    land. -+See also bl:::; L'J

    let up. o

    m.J
    jaan'-m.jl6dla?' unrelentingly,

    lorn' N 1. wind, breeze, air. 2. air, mood, humor. 3. faint, swoon. -+Syn. 2. eJ1HJ1JL
    Ln'V!n'Wn~:J.J koohog'ph6glom' elab. colloq. to

    J~1'l1~~171~::;

    without slackening, unceasingly, without letup, without giving in.


    ~
    ~

    tell a lie.
    A'Wtf161 :J.J l

    171l ~ !:1 'J 16dlfaw' V to be winding.


    J,

    'tJ din' .... n.1am'...... lom' ...... faj' the four

    Iii A'V![J J'W l6djo;)n' to decrease, reduce, lower.

    elements: earth, water, wind, and fire.


    1;1il:J.J d.jlom' V 1. to get some air, get a breeze.

    lili71'V!Iil'W 16dl~m' to be descending in regular order,

    to cascade.
    Iii, rJ. lJ;) th;);)'.

    2. Abbrev. for
    'V!~ ~ l 'fi[J 'l
    ~

    to catch the wind.

    "after

    UHJ Hl:J.J t:Jn'lom' V to be blown by the wind, catch the wind (as a weathervane, a windmill, grass).
    li11:Wiil:J.J taamlom' V 1. to move leeward, go with

    noon"; hence, P.M.


    lil'W
    (9)

    lon' V to singe, hold over a flame.

    lil'W l
    ~'W
    lJ

    'tJ lonfaj' V to singe, hold over a flame.


    lon' V to be excited, flustered, panicky.

    the wind. sV 2. leeward, with the wind.

    ~ 17161 :J.J tldlom' V to catch the wind.

    -+Chiefly in compounds.
    lil'Wiil1'W lonlaan' V to show signs of agitation or

    1;~ :J.J

    t.ajlom' downwind, leeward, on the leeward -+Cf. l 'V!'W eJ Iii :J.J V 1. to move windward, go

    side.

    perturbation, act flustered, flurried, agitated, panicky.


    ~
    ~

    '11 'J 'W fl :W thuanlom'

    against the wind. sV 2. windward, against the

    n lil'W,

    n ~-- luglon', luglii'luglon'

    e 1 a b.
    0

    wind.
    n"1'V!ll'J'Wfl:J.J thamhuu'thuanlom' idiom. to
    'U

    co 11 o q. to be in a flurry, to act in a nervous hurry.

    pretend not to hear, turn a deaf ear.


    I I

    ~'W

    16n' V 1. to be filled to overflowing. 2. to overflow, spill over.


    q,
    I

    'W ~ fl :J.J'V!:J.J"r'J 1 nOtJlom'homfaa' e 1 a b. colloq. to


    9

    be naked, in the nude: "clothe oneself with wind and sky."


    b1J'W fl :J.J penlom' to faint. b1J'W!il:J.Jr;11-Hi'J1rJ penlom'-sawin'sawaaj' elab.

    fl'WA 1 l6nkh.a' V e leg. to be invaluable, price-

    less.
    fl'WJJ eJ l6nmyy' V idiom. to be too much or too

    475
    colloq. to feel like fainting.
    'Wiil~:W
    ~

    '" 'U iil :w b 'l


    ~

    16mceb' V to fall sick.

    d ( el'W, LA~ eJ ~)
    ~

    pMdlom' (?an', khl"?alJ')

    iil:Wl'l 1 ~ ~'Wel'W 16mtua'lo1Jn::>::ml V 1. to lie down,

    (electric) fan, air blower.


    b'W rJ 1 iil ~J phriawlom' V to be streamlined, slen-

    lay oneself down. 2. to flop down (as on a bed).


    iil:Wl711 rJ 16m'taajl V to die, be killed . .., a; ... ~ d-J'Yl ~ rJ'W 16m'tha1Jjyyn1 co 11 o q. to fall from a

    S
    ~

    der, slim.
    ~

    :w 'llil

    lorn' ca.dl to be windy. lom'ca.b' V colloq. to faint, collapse.

    ..,

    standing position, keel over.


    ~

    ~:W'l'U

    iild-J'W'U 16m'phab' V to collapse. iil :W iil


    ~

    61:W't1::: L~ lomlthaleel N sea breeze. 61d-J'U 1Vl:W lom'b.1amuu' N 1. whirlwind.


    'IJ

    16m'lo1J to fall down, collapse. l6m'lo1Jn::>::>n' to lie down.

    2. epi-

    61:W~ ~'Wel'W

    lepsy; short for o

    1~A - - .

    61 :W61:::: ~ 1 rJ l6m'lalaajl V to go bankrupt.


    ~

    1~A iil :W;1 Vl:W


    'IJ

    rl'log'-lom'biamuu' N epilepsy.

    :W 611

    l6mlaalJ I
    ..,
    9

    V to overthrow, abolish.

    61 :W'l.i s-:::: 'l'1 lom'pracam' N seasonal wind. iil:W'l.i ~ 1Pi, lompraan' N breath. 61:WiJ''l 'll.J'W lom'padcuban' N a sudden stroke,
    9

    iil :w~ n l6mlug' V to fall and rise again and again.


    v

    o ~'/Jiild-J~n nid')

    (l'I'W,'Ifillil)

    ph1)rd'l6mlug' (tl'ln',cha::::

    N any plant whose life cycle is short, as

    attack (of illness), fainting fit.


    iil:W'l.i1n lompaag' N 1. colloq. words, speech.

    an annual or biennial. o
    61:W~nA~nfl611'W

    l6mlug'khlugkhlaan'

    elab.

    2. idiom. the power of speech, the effect of words.


    iil:Wi:l'W lomfon' N rain-bearing wind, rainstorm,

    co 11 o q. to fall down and scramble up again and again.

    ~ :w b ~ n ' b~ n iil :w l6ml~~gl, l~~gl6m' v to abandon,


    quit, give up, abolish.
    iil:WVl11rJ l6m1Jaajl V to fall on one's back.

    rain and wind.


    ~:WYllil lomphad' the wind is blowing.

    iild-J1~1i1~1i1
    .., 9

    lom'phadcad'' the wind is blowing hard. N windstorm.

    ;d-JVld-JeJ'W'Wel'WL~eJ
    of illness.

    16mm5::>n'n::>::>nsya' V elab.

    iil d-J'W 1 rJ lom'phaaju? I

    co 11 o q. to fall sick, be brought to bed because

    ri1d-J'tl1 eJ 1 n 1 A lomfaal?aakaad' N weather, climate.

    sn.r:w ~ ~ :W lom'm::>::>rasum/ N monsoon wind.

    iil :W LVl61 1 16mleew' V to fail.

    A1 1 d-J-- failure,

    61:W1~~ lom'mijdii' colloq. to be in a 61d-J~'W;1 lom'slnkhaa' N trade winds.


    iil:WVl1rJL'l lom'haajcajl N breath.
    fi1 eJ ~ 61:W l;'JIJ'lom'

    bad mood.

    flop.

    vrn~:w

    hogl6m' V to tumble, fall over. V 1. toscald,burn,orscorchsuperfi-

    61:WL~rJ lom'sla' V tobeinabadmood.

    !i'l'ln Hlag 1

    cially. 2. to cook briefly, parboil; to soft boil (an egg). sV 3. carelessly, in a slovenly manner.
    1

    V to be carried by the wind,

    float with the wind.


    ~

    ~ iil 1 n

    ( '\'l eJ ~ ,

    ~ n , 1'U) 'IJ

    khajlOag' (f::>::>IJ' lOug', bajl)

    1 rJ i 1 :W saajlom' N breeze, drift of air, air current.


    ~

    N soft- boiled egg. 1 n "1 lOaglOag' sV roughly, carelessly, in a slovenly manner. 61 1 'l lualJ' V to deceive.

    bVl'W eJ i 1 :W nyaloml

    upwind, windward, on the windL;61d-J.

    ward side. -+Cf.

    61:W ll'lm' V 1. to sink, capsize, overturn.

    2. to be

    {1

    1 ~ l711 lualJtaa' V to deceive the eyes.


    l~blualJ'

    ruined, destroyed (e.g. a crop).


    61 :W 'l d-J 15mcom' V 1. to go bankrupt. 2. to col-

    iil eJ 61 1 ~

    V to deceive, delude, lure.

    Vl61eJn611~ ~

    l:J::>glualJ' V to dupe, deceive.

    lapse, fall (as a government).


    (;1

    1 ~ lOalJ' V 1. to pass (of time). 2. to go beyond (a certain limit). sV 3. beyond (a certain limit).

    :W 16m' V 1. to fall (from an upright position),

    keel (over), topple. 2. eleg. to die (esp. of an elephant). 3. to fell. 4. to kill. 5. to can-

    ~ 1 ~ Ln'W lOalJk~~n' to trespass against, offend,


    show disrespect to (someone).
    I
    <OJ

    cel, abandon (plans, intentions).


    .., t

    -+Dis t. 1. lil n .

    1 ~1.1 s-:::: L1m 10a1Jpraweelniil V to commit adultery.

    (;1

    d-J A 1' 1 16mkhwim' V to fall face down.

    ~1~11.1

    10a1Jpajl topassby(oftime).

    476
    ~

    'l

    ~ ~

    'IJ

    lOanruu/ V to know in advance, be known

    'J'W luan' sV entire, pure; entirely, purely, completely.


    ~

    in advance.
    ~

    ~'l~~'U

    lOanlab' V eleg. to be deceased, pass

    'J'Wbblil

    luanlt:::

    nothing but, all, entirely, com-

    away.
    I '-'

    pletely. A'J'W1 luanluan/ entirely, completely.


    ~~

    G1 'J ~ ~'1 lOatJlaml V to intrude, trespass.


    ~

    1 H 6W

    10atJL~8V

    1. to pass by, elapse. 2. to

    lahl.J?I, lahu:::

    minor, of lesser importance.

    go beyond, pass beyond.


    ~

    -+Chiefly in compounds. o
    :!:: El1Vb1J1n~~J.J'lJ'W~rl
    9

    'J ~ 'VI'W 1

    "

    lOatJn~a'

    V 1. to go before. sV 2. in

    ?aadchajaakam'-kh~n'lahl.J?I

    advance, previously, beforehand. o

    a petty crime. to advance,


    ~ V!L 'tl'l;f lahuthl'lod' N 1. light punishment or penalty.
    9

    ~ 'l ~ 'VIhl11 tl n' El'W lOatJn~a'pajk~::m'


    go ahead.

    2. minor offense, misdemeanor. com.

    -s y n. 1/l'l;f b'U 1
    I

    ~~

    1 ~ lu?lOatJ' V to be finished, completed, accomplished.

    ~EJ

    CQl

    (!il1)
    l~o/

    l~o'(tual)

    N mule. -Also

    'Yl8FS.

    G1 'J

    luan' V 1. to reach into (e.g. a pocket, deep drawer, hole). 2. to reach in for (something) (out of a pocket, deep drawer, etc.).
    +

    A8 1-'J

    V 1. to lure, tempt, allure, seduce. 2. to take food or drink. 3. slang to

    slang
    d b Fl ~

    hit, strike. EJ
    ~~

    A'J ~ n ~ ~ btl1 luatJ'krapaw' V 1. to pickpocket. 2. to put one's hand(s) in one's pocket(s). 3. to reach into one's pocket(s) (as when reaching
    ~

    8 ( 8 t.1 1 ~ )

    khr9atJl~o'

    (jaan')

    N decoy,

    something used as an inducement or lure. A'EJ,L'i o


    d

    l~ocaV
    '
    ~

    V to entice, tempt.

    for something, taking something out). 'W n-pickpocket.


    bEJ1iJEJ~'J~n~~ btl1 ?awmyy'-luau'krapaw' 1.
    " +

    bFI~8H'IEJL'i khr9aul~ocajl N anenticement.

    ~ fHl
    ~

    'J

    l~oluan'

    V to deceive.
    l~olE:Em'

    in A8 bl VI~ J.J ous, critical.

    V to be risky, danger-

    to put one's hand(s) in one's pocket(s). 2. with one's hand(s) in one's pocket(s). G1 'J lil ( biil'W, 'lJiil) lOad' N wire
    (s~n/
    ~8
    CQl

    (A8,bAJ.J) l5o/ N 1. wheel(l5o'). 2. a crudely made cart drawn by two oxen, used for hauling rice sheaves
    {l~m').

    for a piece,

    a strand; khod' for a roll). 'lJ lilA 1 lil ( 'lJ lil) khodlOad' (khod') N 1. a coil of

    V 3. to roll (a -Syn. 2.

    wheel or wheel-shaped object). ln1u'W.


    ~blcln~UTW611:J.J~8

    wire. 2. e 1 e ct. coil.


    ~~~

    'J A muulOad/ N 1. screen, wire screen. 2.

    (FI'W)

    r6dcagkrajaan'saaml5o'

    screened section or cubicle for sleeping in.

    (khan')

    N eleg. 1. pedicab, samlor. 2. tri-

    ~ 'J A1'1'1~1
    ~'JA~1t.J

    lOadlfajfaa/ N electric wire. (bl'U'U) lOadlaajl (bhb') N 1. pattern,


    ~

    cycle. " EJ S bl (A 8) l5or6d' (l:Jol)


    v

    N wheel of a vehicle.
    (s~n')

    decorative design. 2. co 11 o q. some special talents, skills or abilities of a person. o ~1nA'JAA1t.l faag'lOadlaaV V colloq. to leave (with someone) an impression of one's skills. o EJEJnA'JiilA1t.l
    ?~og'lOadlaajl

    o tJ1lA8HI ( lf1'W) ber) tire. A8 b~ 8'W


    d
    ~

    jaau 1 15or6d 1

    N (rub-

    ( FI'W) l5ol9an' (khan')

    N lit. vehicles

    (collective term).
    ~

    An~8
    'IJ

    (8'W,~n)
    'IJ

    10ugl5o/ (?an',lOug')

    N wheel

    V colloq. to

    (of any kind).


    611:W~8

    demonstrate, show off one's special skills. A'J lil'VI'W 1J.J lOadmlam' N barbed wire. 'J ~ G1 'J A ( 'J A'J'W in
    ~)

    "

    (FI'U)

    saaml5o' {khan')

    N colloq.

    samlor, pedicab. V11:Wfl8


    d
    h~aml5o'

    won lOad' (wou')

    N a loop of wire.

    V 1. to brake, put on the brake(s).


    d

    A'J'WA 1J.J luanlaam/ V to overstep the rules o

    N 2. brake. l Fl s 8 nn:J.J~ 8 ( l FIS8 N brake.


    ~)

    of propriety; to be impertinent, act impertinently, make impertinent advances.

    khr9auMaml:So 1 (khr9au 1 )

    477
    I

    fl eJ lB 1:5-;:,/ V to tease, mock.

    ~ elfl eJ 171 eJ b ~EJ ~ t:JJl:S-;:,'t~"Jthiau' V e lab. colloq.


    to keep arguing, talk back. 2. to refute, contradict, argue back and forth.
    "-'

    o ~ eJ ~'1.1 ~ l:">usuu' to float logs downstream. 9


    "1J1flel~

    ( b'YllJ'd)

    kMal:">tJ' (thtaw') N 1. the down-

    stream trip, the south- bound trip. 2. on the way downstream, on the way south.
    b'YllJ 'd fl eJ ~
    d d

    Jl'l'WiHJ

    (Jl1Yl) ph!iabl:S-;:,/ (ph!iabl) N caricature.


    1:5-;:,l~n/

    ( b 'YllJ 'd ) thtawl:">u' (thtaw')

    N 1. the

    fl eJ b fl'W

    V to tease, kid, joke.

    downstream trip, south-bound trip, return trip. 2. on the way downstream, on the way south.
    fl eJ
    ~ ~ d-J

    "' tJ'W 1:5-;:,lian/ V to mock, ridicule by mimicry. fl eJ b fl


    '\W eJ ll fl eJ

    j:J-;:,gl:S-;:,1 V to tease, kid, play with. 2. to skin,

    l:">ulom/ V to be carried by the wind, float

    Sl elll l:">::>g' V 1. to copy, make a copy.

    with the wind.


    fl eJ ~ fl eltJ l:">tJb::>j/ V to wander, drift, float aim-

    peel. 3. to dredge, take out (mud).


    ~ ~

    Filii Sl eJ ll , Sl eJ 11 Fl fil khad'l:">::>g'. l:">::>g'kMd' V to copy,

    lessly.
    ~

    imitate.
    LJ eJ ll Sl eJ ll p:J::>gl:">::>g' V to defraud, fleece, skin,

    eJ 'l'VI'W l:">uMn' V to move about invisibly (by

    magic).
    flellil l:">::>d' V 1. to pass through or under (e.g.an

    clean (someone) out by pretending love, friendship, interest.


    Sl iJil Fl S 1'\J l:">::>gkhr!iab/ V 1. to molt, slough.

    obstacle, barrier, fence, etc.). 2. short for


    c:;

    2.
    c:;

    b fllil fl eJ lil

    below.
    c:;

    s lang

    to strip (someone) of clothing.

    b fllil fl eJ lil , 6l eJ lil b fllil

    ledl~::>d',

    l:">::>dled' V to slip or

    Slelllb6Slll l:">gltg''' V to have a restless, shifting man-

    sneak (in, out, through, etc.), move secretly and quietly.


    61 eJ ~ b ~ eJ ~
    d
    ~

    ner (now attentive, now inattentive; now looking here, now there; not paying consistent and considered respect).

    ( !M::.:'U'U,

    '1

    b'U)

    l:Sdt88rti'*(chabab', baj/) N
    .1;,

    com. lottery ticket. [f. Eng.] -Also -Syn. 'VI'dlJ l'UeJS"


    61 el'W ( 61 eJ'W)
    d

    ~'d--.
    I

    ~161elllbb611l taa'l:">gltg' V 1. to have restless


    eyes. 2. (a man) to have eyes which are always looking at the women. N 3. restless eyes; a roving eye.
    I

    colloq.,
    ~

    G16l11lrl'Wll'U1

    eleg.

    b::>n/ (b::>n') -Dist.

    N wave, undulation.
    'leJ, 'VIlJil.

    -Syn. Flfl'W.
    V

    l0'Wfl eJ'W penb::>n' V to be wavy, undulating. 61eJ'W'leJ'W l:">nc:">n/* V to be nude, naked, bare.

    61el'l b::>tJ' V to try, try out, try on. Yllil Sl eJ 1 th6db::>tJ'

    V to experiment, test, try out. London.


    61 eJ'U
    0J ( 6111,1 'U)
    ~

    ll 1 :l - ~

    experiment, test, trial.

    61 eJ ~A lillil b::>tJkhid'duu:=:, b::>tJ'khfdduu' V to think

    l~::>b/ (l(lug/, baj/)

    N a kind of

    (it) over.
    618~1~

    bamboo fishtrap.
    6lel'U lB

    b::>u'caj/ V totestanother'sfeelings,

    l:">::>b/ V eleg. 1. to move stealthily, sneak. -Syn. UiJ'U. eleg. to steal

    attitude, willingness, reaction.


    61 eJ ~A 1::>-::ltJ'dii' V co 11 o q. to put to the test

    2. to do (something) secretly.
    618'\J l;11LJ1'W

    l:">::>b'kha_wpajnaj:=:

    (as a law, by defying it, or a person, to determine his capabilities).


    61 eJ 'l ~

    into.

    b::>tJ'duu' V to try, try out, try and see


    ~

    attack or assault by surprise.


    S!iJ'U'VI'W S! n S! el'U

    (what something is like).


    ~

    l:">::>bnli/ V eleg. to sneak away. lagl:">::>b' V to act under cover, in secret.

    S! eJ ~ ~ 1 S!eJUl:l'l
    <u

    b::>tJ'tua' V to try on (for size). b-::ltJ'phuum' V to test the knowledge of,

    o GlllS!eJ'U

    leJ1~'W l;1:l.J11'WLJS::.: l'Ylr'i

    lagl:">::>b/?awfln'-

    measure the educational level or background of (usually in an attempt to catch someone, expose someone's ignorance).
    S! eJ 'l 618:1--1

    kha_wmaanajprath@ed' to smuggle opium into the country. l:S::>m' V 1. to surround, encircle. 2. to besiege.

    l~u'*

    V 1. to float, cause to float along. 2. to

    1J lil;eJ d-J pld'l:S::>m' V to blockade, block off by


    surrounding.

    follow along (a stream, railroad).

    478
    'VHii'Vl'J 1'WfHJ:I.J phQud'waan15:Jm' V to cajole some'II

    fJ :d1 ~ 61::: bfllJ


    I

    ...

    la?lthftJ' V to abandon, desert, neglect. la?ll<:J<:Jj' V to neglect.


    pl~jpla?'-la?ll<:J<:Jj'

    one into doing or accepting something.


    ~

    fle:J:I.JHJ'U 15:Jmr~bb' V 1. to surround. 2. to cir-

    o LJ61e:JlJLJfl:::61::: bliW abandon.

    V to neglect,

    cle around.
    61e:J:I.J~'J

    1::

    15:Jmn1a' V to fence, put a fence around,

    61::: b 'J'W la?'wen' V to abstain from, keep away

    surround with a fence.


    61e:J:I.J'Vl'W161e:J:I.J'Vl61
    ~

    from, shun.
    61::: ll

    15:Jmn.a'l5:Jmlau' V to surround,

    la?l, la:; per (as in per day, per year, etc.). -Dis t. 'YJn. below).

    crowd around.
    'J ~ 61 eJ:I.J woul5:Jm' N an encirclement.

    '

    -Cf.

    ~ eJ

    (see note under

    tJfl:::

    bb 'HI fJ eJ:I.J

    w~edl5:Jm'

    V 1. to surround. 2. to be

    'tl1 'I fl:::

    kh.ula:;

    per side, (on) each side.

    surrounded.

    o '/J 1 ~ 61::: 'Vl1 FI'W kh.ulah.a'khon' five persons on each side.

    N circumstance. o

    Fl 'W f1::: ~ r'l f1::: '111 ~ khonlathf d'lathaau' each one in slu'wtedl5:Jm 1 (slu'. a different direction.
    FI'Wf1:::1;FI'W61:::lJeJ khonlamaajlkhonlamyy' elab.

    ~ Hb 'J ~;e:J:I.J

    ( ~ ~ , eJ ~ 1 ~)

    jaau') N environment, surroundings.


    Vle:J:I.Jfl eJ:I.J h~m15:Jm' V to surround, gather around. fl eJ lJ b:Jjl V to float, drift.

    co 11 o q. each a hand, as in

    ~'J l!fl'W--

    chQaj':;

    kan-khonlamaaj'khonlamyy' each one gives a helping hand.


    f1
    ~
    I

    ~ 1 'J LFl :I.J fl eJ lJ

    khaaw'khoomb:Jjl N unfounded

    rumor, unsubstantiated news.

    1 'J 61::: khraawla:;

    each time.

    1~ fJ eJ lJ

    cajb:Jj' V to be absent-minded, have

    bbliHl::: teda:;* each and every (one of), every single

    one's mind wander.


    lil1fle:JlJ taab:Jjl V 1. to have vacant eyes. sV 2.

    (followed by a elf.). o o

    -+See cross reference.

    with vacant eyes.


    tie:J~fle:JlJ p~:Jdl:J:Jjl

    bb~61:::tJ tedapiil (in)eachyear. l~ b ; 'W bb ~ fJ::: i 'W m.jwen'tedawan'


    thiila:;
    1::
    ll

    every single

    V slang

    to be timorous,

    day, without missing a single day, day in day out.


    Tifl:::
    "'

    faint-hearted. 2. to be scared out of one's wits.


    'W ~ 61 eJ lJ "] phQud'b:Jjb:Jjl to say something without
    'II

    "at a time," as in the following entries.


    'ti'W thiilakh.n's:'bukh.n' oneortwo
    1::

    o 'Ylfl:::'ti'W

    addressing anybody in particular.


    fJ eJ lJ Fl eJ b:Jjkh:J:JI V to float with the head above

    steps at a time. o TI fl::: FI'W thiilakhon' one (person) at a time. o TI61:::'WeJlJ thiilan5:Jjl little by little, a little at a time. o

    water.
    61e:JlJV1lJ b:Jjchaajl V 1. to saunter along (e.g.

    when speed is needed). sV 2. saunteringly.


    fl eJml1 b:Jjnaam' V to float in water.
    fleJlJ'We:J~ b:Jjf~tJ'

    TI f1::: b ~ n 61::: 'W eJ lJ

    thiilaleg'lan5:Jjl e 1 a b. little

    "'

    by little, a little at a time .


    l'Ufl:::oW'W L'Ufl::: tJfl::: (ltJ) bajlaphan' (bajl) (l'U)

    V to float freely.

    N 1000-tical bill.

    bgAfl eJ lJ HI<:Jdl:J:Jjl V 1. to be excellent, superla-

    ;ell!

    bajla?r:J:Jj' (baj') N 100-tical bill.

    tive. sV 2. highly, to the highest degree.


    b61e:I'Wfle:JlJ 19anb:Jjl V to drift, wander aimlessly
    d

    piila:; per year, a year, yearly.

    -ct. ~eJtJ.
    ~ eJtJ
    and

    NOTE. Distinguish the positions of


    il fl:::

    (as of thoughts).
    fl:::

    in the examples below.

    la?l V to leave, desert. -Chiefly in .compounds. -Often coupled with '11'1


    k

    o l;b

    ~'WoW'W'U1'11~e:Jil d.jtJ<:ln'phanbaadl-t~:Jpii'
    ~'WilfJ:::oW'W'U 1'11
    d.jtJ<:ln'-piilaphanlbaadl gets

    gets a thousand bahts per year. o l;b

    61 ~ f1::: , 61::: f1 ~ 16dla? ' la?l6d' V to give in, yield,

    let up. o

    a thousand bahts annually. jaau'-m.jl6dla?l unrelentingly,


    ~

    eJ~ 1'1 1~61~61:::

    eJlJfl::: ( )

    (1) r5:Jj'la?'; (2) r5:Jj'la:;...

    N 1.

    without slackening, unceasingly, without letup, without giving in.

    percentage. 2. (so and so much) percent.


    i'W61::: wanla:;

    per day, a day, daily.

    o 'JtH1::; fl
    ~::;

    ~ ~

    :!.::

    wanlakhra:g/ once a day, once daily.

    group, theater (roo:g/).


    ~

    n 1 S-- drama, play.

    rn l:i?, la?, la::::;

    Pt particle used often with mild""

    tJ n - - devotee of the theater; authority on drama

    ly entreative and/or mildly corroborative force. l.c:S d. I o bbl11'VH L'UeJl(iJ~::;Vi~111 tf;e/-phy:gch~a/djla::::;


    'lJ

    and dramatics.
    lil 'J fil:::: fl S tualakhoon/ N character (in a play).

    ryywfla/ but should it be believable that.

    Ls -1 fil:::: fiS
    f1:::;f1Siilfiln

    ( 1S-1)
    d

    roo:glakhoon/ (roo:g/) N theater.


    (~a:g/)

    ~~::; dii/la?! Very well! 0. K.!


    (as when indignant).

    All right then!

    ( L S1-1) lakhoon/talog/

    farce, comedy.
    lil:::: fl S ~ -1 lakhoonli:g/ (a) monkey circus. lil::; fl
    I

    bln f1::; thuug/la? true enough; of course.


    'U

    ~n ~::::

    1 tJ 1 ~ m

    .J

    n Ls tJ n n'!J 'J 1

    AI

    <V

    thuug/Ia ?-

    s ~171 'J"' ( 1s -1, fl~::::)

    lakhoonsad/ (roo:g/, khana?/)

    jaa:gthtirawrtag/kanwfla/. . . kind that we call. . . .


    ~::;

    Of course, the

    N circus.
    L ~tJ~:::: fl S l~n/lakhoon/ V com. to act, play, put

    ..: in

    ~::;

    n , ~::; n EJ

    ..

    lak~o/

    Pt 1. particle some-

    on an act, a play.
    LLG1 (iJ ~ f1:::: fl

    times used at the end of a conditional clause, often with the force of a mild entreaty. 2. particle used at the end of the subject of a predication, in a corroborative sense: "you know," "after all," "why then," etc. o ( bl1)t.J~l~"llil::::n Lb'J::::'I1S1tHJ1~QtJ'U1-1tJ:::: (thf1.a::::;) ja:g:gaj/ja:g:gaj/ -lak~o/- wf-?/ -thtiraan/kh5o:g::::;
    ch:in/bfl:gna~
    'lJ'
    tV

    sadee:g/lakhoon/ V e 1 e g. idem.

    f1 :::: d-J 1 d-J See entries below.

    L(ilt.J!il::::~1d-J doojlam~m/* gently,


    violence.

    without force or

    f1 ::::~'W~ :::::JJ1d-J lamun/lam~m/* V 1. to be gentle,


    Q..<l

    .J"i..

    tender. 2. to be polite, well-mannered.


    fil:::: :JJ ~

    "'

    ""'J) ( 171

    lamfl:g/ (tua/) N a deer sp. (Cervus eldi).

    If (you can manage it) one way

    " ~::::d-J1t.l lamaaj/ V eleg. to resemble, look like.


    -Syn. See
    "" "" flf11t.J.

    or another, why then drop in to my store for a bit. o Vi1n~~'ll1'Uiil::::fl haag/khunch~ob/-lak~o/ if you like it, why then .... o
    L(iln~::::n b'U'W1tJ1-1tJ deg/lak~o/- pen/jaa:gnii/~
    ~ ~~~
    I

    ~::;d-J1t.Jflf11t.Jfl~-1 lamaaj/khlaajkhly:g/ V elab.


    e 1 e g. to resemble, look like.
    lil::::~(il
    ( ~n, BJ~, 1-u)

    lamud/ (lOug/, phOn/, baj/) N

    d"

    fruit ofthe-fol. tree. liltJ-fruit tree (Mimusops kauki).


    lil:::: d-JtJ q

    "

    (liltJ)

    '

    a kind of

    Well, children are like that, you know. o


    dt c; L(ilfJ'Jnfl~'l::::d-J1
    v.Qo
    c;

    vv

    BJ'ViblJH'l::::nLblil~lil'J'l11
    'U

    bGl:l-l1 draw/::;

    See entries below.


    lamun/lam~m/

    k~kho:gcamaa/!

    phQuj I:g /lak~o/-+tee:gtuach:ia/::::;

    6l::::~'\,~::::d-J1d-J

    V 1. to be gentle,

    sam88/~ She'll be along in a minute; women,

    tender. 2. to be polite, well-mannered.


    fil::::~tJ~:::: 1d-J lamun/lamaj/ V to be gentle, tender,

    you know, always take their time dressing.


    L eJ 1~::;

    ?aw/la?L ?awla?/! All right. Ready.

    sweet, pleasant.
    1EJ'Wf1::::~'W

    O.K.
    lil::; lf1./ Pt particle with mildly entreative force,

    ?oon/lamun/ V to be gentle, soft,

    smooth, graceful. rn ,
    ~:::: Ld-J

    similar to but not interchangeable with in the following examples . o tJ 1tJ'Vi~'U Gl'U 1 tJ (iJ '!1 b (iJ tJ 1
    .,_., c>"""
    C:il

    ~::;

    lam88/ V to talk in one's sleep.


    I I

    f1:::: L:l-l 1:::: , 1J 1-'

    ( Lb Vi -1 )

    lam5?/, paa/lam5? / (hf::g/)

    fl~~::::
    q

    fl S'U noonlab/- sa::;

    <V

    ..

    N grove.
    ~:::: blJ(iJ
    lil:::: Ld-J'U

    baajdii/thiidiaw/--+ khun/Iflkhr:ib/! I slept quite well. And you?


    'U in Lb;'J 1 Vid-J~:::: b:,ogltew/majlfl! I told you so.

    lam~8d/ V to violate, infringe, break.

    lam6ob/ V to be greedy, covetous, grasping.

    fil::::Ld-J'ULfilJW1Jl lam6ob/l6oblf1.ab/ V elab. eleg.

    Didn't I tell you? See, I told you, didn't I?


    1:::: 1:l~n~::::
    d

    to be greedy.
    fil::; 1d-J lamaj/ V to be attractive, sweet. ffd-Jf1:::: 1d-J jfm/lamaj/ V to smile pleasantly.

    ?araj/?liglf1./ What now? What else?

    (as when irritated).


    ~:::: fl S ( L ~ 1 -1 , 1S ~ ) lakhoon/ N 1. drama, play,

    f1::::~'Wf1:::: ld-J lamun/lamaj/ V to be gentle, tender,

    theatrical performance

    (~a:g/).

    2. theatrical

    sweet, pleasant.

    480
    '1 ~ '1 eJ n ( '1 n ) lal~og" (lOug")
    'IJ

    N ripple, wave.

    S"1l'J'l~

    "' Le:Jl'JA raajla?lad" N the details, the partie-

    -Also
    '1~611'U'l~'l'H

    s- ~ '1 eJ n

    ulars.

    lalaabl'lah1au" V to intrude, act intru-

    1;'1~ L~tJA

    Mjla?lad" in detail, thoroughly.

    sively or presumptuously, trespass.


    'l~'l1l'J

    in
    w

    lag" V to steal.
    fln'W1
    lag~'phaa"

    -s y n.

    'tJ 1:w l'J

    lalaaV V to dissolve, melt.


    16m~'lalaaV

    V (a man) to carry off, elope

    '1 J.J61 ~ '11l'J

    V to go bankrupt.

    '1 ~ '11 '1 ~ Gf ~ lalaa~'lalau" V to be worried, distressed,

    with (a woman) . .., ..,


    inuJ.J

    (LbVI~,'tJ1~,s8tJ) lagjim" (hf:u".kMau"


    N dimple.

    agitated (because in a dilemma).


    '1 ~ ~ 0 1'1 ~in

    roojl')

    lalam~'lalag"

    sV with gasps, between

    in 61 eJ'U lagl~ob" V to act under cover, in secret.

    gasps (as when speaking while breathless from exertion or excitement).


    ~ ~ L 61 ~

    in'l8'ULeJ1~'WL;1J.J11'W1JS"~L'tlfl lagl~ob~'?awfln"
    kh.iwmaanajprath@ed" to smuggle opium into the country.

    laleeu" V to smear, spread (usually with


    in

    a circular motion).
    '1 ~ 'J 1 in
    ~ing

    L~n'tJhtJ~eJtJ lag~'leg"-khamoojl'n5ojl'
    to pilfer.

    V elab.

    1711l'J '1 ~ 'J 1 taajl'lawaal' E excl. expres-

    dismay.

    inDAin bDA lagkapid"lagkap~dd" N scurvy. -Also hfl--.


    ~n'l'W
    w
    J.,

    '1 ~ LL 'J n
    ~~

    law~eg"

    ..,

    N district, vicinity, area . N community, inhabited

    LL 'J n'U TW

    law~eg"Man"

    higl.in" V to be out of order, mixed up (esp. in regard to consecutiveness of size or height}.


    w

    or settled area, area where people live.

    ~ ~ L;
    ..,

    law6o" pN Lavo, the ancient name for Lop-

    fl n "cl-f\6.

    buri ( 61'W'U ~) q

    .fl1tJGln"cl-f16eJn"cl-s- laajlagnagsoon" N elab. eleg.

    See entries below.

    -ct.

    fl n'trf\6~ .

    '1 ~VI eJ l'J lah~V* V to be mournful, sad.

    writing, script. o
    bil'Wfl1tJin"cl-;eJn"cl-s- penlaajlag.f?agsoon" elab.

    ww 1~~VIe:Jl'J
    ~~~~.1ww--

    naa~'lah~V

    to look sad, depressed. N the

    (171'W) lahuu". Hlnlahuu" (tan")

    e 1 e g. in writing, in written form.


    61'bllbl!Gln"cl-f\6 (i'J)

    caster-oil plant.
    J1ir'W'l ~ ~ ~ q fl
    ~

    sAn"jalag" (tua")

    N eleg. symbol.

    namman~'lahuu"

    N castor oil.
    w

    -Syn.
    I

    LflS"eJ1VIJ.l1l'J.

    LVll'J lahi}djl' V to evaporate, vaporize, volatilize.

    ~n"cl-f\6~

    ( ell'J 11)

    lagsana?l' (jaau")

    N physical char-

    -usually s- ~ bVll'J.
    G'l ~

    acteristics, appearance; characteristic; manner.


    flfMin"cl-f\6~ khun~'nalag~'sana?l' N quality, qualities,
    9

    LVll'J lahla" V to feel tired, weary, exhausted.

    ~ ~ LVll'J 1 "I lahla"caV V to feel disheartened,

    attributes (of a desirable nature).

    physically and mentally tired.


    fl
    ~

    'Uflfl~nin"cl-f\6~ bug"khalig"lag"sana?" N eleg. 9


    personality. N
    'IJ

    8 8 ~ la?oou" N fine particles, dust, powder.


    '1~88~

    Ln6is-

    ( bJ.JA) la?oou"keesoon" (med"}

    <:

    s-LJin"cl-f\6~ rOub~'-lag~'sana?l' N appearance, feature,


    form .

    pollen, pollen grain.

    ..,

    '1 ~ 8 8 ~'Wo1 la?oou~'naam" N fine spray, mist; con-

    i ~ (lu, ~ n)
    'IJ

    lau" (bajl', lOug")

    N crate, wooden box.

    densed water (e.g. on a glass of cold water).


    fl~88HJ'W

    G11 n 1 laukaa" pN co 11 o q. Ceylon.


    w

    la?oou"fon" N drizzle, rain mist, fine

    ~ ~

    bfl

    laulee" V to hesitate, waver, be uncertain.


    fl 'J 1 J.J- w

    droplets of rain.
    ~~81l'J

    hesitation.

    la?aaV V to be ashamed, shy, bashful.

    i1 bri11 "I laulee~'cajl' V to hesitate, waver. eJ 1 n 1 S" fl1 L61 ?aakaan"laulee" N hesitation, hesitat-

    fl 'J 1J.J-- shame, bashfulness.

    ~~81l'J1"1 la?aaVcaV V to be ashamed.

    ing manner. 61 A
    w

    ~~ LatJA la?lad" V 1. to be fine, delicate, detailed,


    in detail. 2. to be meticulous, careful, thorough, thoroughgoing.
    Llill'J '1 ~ La l'J A doojla ?lad" minutely, in detail.

    (9)

    lad" V to take a short cut, cut across.

    '!111iA

    ('!11~) thaaulad"(thaau")

    N shortcut.

    i A bfl1 ~
    iA
    lJ

    ladl5?" V to take short cuts and to skirt. ladbajl' V lit.,eleg. to put

    as in iA1'U

    481 forth leaves. 61'115 ( 61'116) ladthf?/ (ladthf?/) creed, practice, "ism." 61'11SfHJ:W:i'l':l'WG'ilil ladthf?/kh::>mmiwnis', -nfd/ N communism. 61'Yl fi -ln ~ 'l ~ ~ ~tJtJ :w ladthf? '-cagkrawact'nfjom', - kawad'- N imperialism. N doctrine, belief, vate parts.
    c; ..,

    l Afl ~ fl'\.J khledlab' N secret means, secret technique.

    "'

    bJJtJ~'U ( A'W) mialab' (khon/) N 1. mistress.


    2. illicit wife. 3. secret minor wife or concubine.
    ..,

    -s y n.

    l i1 rJ l tl'U

    61 'l -i 61'\.J lQa:ulab' V to pass away (die). 61'\.J li11 labtaa/ V to be out of sight, to disappear .
    .., ..,

    61'11S'tf1~tJrl:W ladthf?/-cMad'nfjom/ N nationali sm.

    fl'U'Vi61-i lablA:u' V 1. to have the back turned. sV 2. behind (someone's back), (while his) back is turned.
    ~

    ~'YlS'tJ ~::; 'tf1s't.Jllil tJ ladthf?' -prachaa'thibpataj/


    N democracy.
    fl'l16le.l~bln1~

    .., "'

    ladthf?'-phacted'kaan' N dicta-

    61 61'\.J liilab' V to be secret.

    ....

    torship.

    gn 61'\.J
    N the doctrine o
    d

    lyglab' V to be mysterious.

    A'J1:J.J--

    61'11fi1G'itJA1G'ilil~"' ladthf?/sajjasaad'

    mystery.
    <S ..,

    or practice of magic (as derived from Brahmanism, and dealing esp. with spells and incantations). 61'Yl6Vi1l:Wr:J HJ'W ladthf?'-Ma'mya:ukh~n' co 11 o q. colonialism. el eg. 61'11Sr:J11JI1tJA:W ladthf?/-?aanaa'nfkhom/ N eleg. colonialism.
    ./.,
    Q...l

    b HHfln61'\.J cya:u'lyglab' N mystery story. (A'W,S1rl) saajlab' N 1. spy, secret in-

    81tJ61'U

    C:l

    &"

    ..,
    N

    former (khon'). 2. intelligence channel (saaj/).

    fl'U l.!l lab' V to whet, sharpen.

    -s y n.

    61'Yl S r:J 11JI1tJA:W

    Vr'W61'UiJ~ ( n r:J'W) hin'labmtid' (k:'l::>n') N whetstone.

    iLJ

    rn in ~1JiiJ lfblcib.l rM intensifier used with expressions implying distance or comparison.

    -s y n.

    (U'

    c:..

    61 '116Vi 1 l :Wr:J ~ 'IJ'W

    J"

    ..,
    fl1 fl1
    <9l

    -See under
    ..,
    ~flfl~S

    ~'U .
    ph<'>nlab' N result, final result. N donkey. -Also'Yl1 FS.

    61'W

    <9J

    Hln/ V 1. to fire, shoot, release, set off. 2. to go off, fire (as of a gun), make a loud noise. sV 3. loud, loudly.

    6fWS in

    (!il'l) laa/ (tua')

    l.!J

    laa/ C eleg. time. -+Oflimiteduse.

    ...

    ./.,

    'W1fl'W faa'l.1n' 1. to thunder; it thunders. N 2. thunder; a thunderclap .


    ./.,

    fl1 m laa/ V 1. to take one's leave, say good- by (upon one's departure). 2. to request or take leave, leave of absence, time off. n 1 S-taking

    r:J -i fl'W r5::>:u/lfin/ V to shout, scream, cry out loudly.

    one's leave; requesting leave of absence, time off. V to bolt, latch (a door, winn s 1'\.Jfl1 kraablaa/

    fl'WfHHJ'W dow) .
    ./.,

    l~nkl::>::>n'

    to take leave of (one's elders

    or superiors). This is often done by prostrating Wnkuncee' V to lock . oneself. l'Ufl1


    I

    fl'W~bl!bbbl
    .1_,

    61'W1 n l~n'kaj/ off.


    .1_,
    0

    1. to pull the trigger. 2. to go

    (l'U) bajlaa/ (baj/)

    N application fora

    leave of absence. f1611 rfimlaa/ V to bid farewell, say goodbye (usually implying repeated farewells). 611n61'U laaklab' V to take one's leave, say goodidem . by (when departing to return home, return to work, etc.). 611nr:J'W
    I

    61'WA 1 Uin'kham' V 1. to say, speak, declare. 2. to commit oneself, give one's word .
    .1_,

    fl'W'tJ 1 n Hln'paag' idem


    ./.,

    fl'W11bl1
    ..,
    L

    l~n'waacaa'

    V eleg.

    Vi 'l 6 s 1::; fl 'W huar5? 'l~n/ V to roar with laughter.


    (L..I

    61 'W l.!l in
    ..,

    61 n iil't.\ laglfin/ V to be out of order, mixed

    laak~::>n/

    good-bye. -Used only by one

    up (in reg. to consecutiveness of height, etc.).


    fl'\J
    <9l

    who is leaving, departing. fl1'tJ 1 rJ laapuaj/ V to request or take sick leave. fl1oWn laaphag' V to request or take a leave of

    lab' V 1. to be secret, hidden. 2. to disappear. A'l1:W-secret. N genitalia, pri( el'W) kh~::>tJbib/ (?an')

    'IJ r:J -i ~'U

    absence (in order to rest).

    ~1

    bTl

    482

    611'Vill fil laajud/ V to request or take a leave of


    ~

    J'W~ 11 chanl~a:u/

    downstairs, lower story, lower Ju'U'W.

    absence, ask for, take time off. 611 eJ eJ f1 laa ?:,;:,g/ V to resign.
    I

    layer, lower shelf. --Opp.

    6111 laa:u/ V 1. to wash, wash off (of things other than hair or clothes). 2. fig. to wipe out (esp. in certain expressions). -+Dis t. 1. .Jn (clothes)," he had n 'J 1 lil !il1
    ~ ~ ~::;

    611
    I

    l~a/
    "'

    V to hunt.
    l~asad/

    611 ~ lil 'J 611 [.[] o


    I

    <r

    V to hunt, hunt game.

    "wash

    L~a/

    to withdraw, retreat.

    "wash (the hair)."

    ;eJ~~1TI~nrr'U1LJ t~:ul~a/thcib/klabpaj/
    to withdraw his armies.
    ~ell! l~ath~bj/

    kwaadlaa:u/ V 1. to clean out, wipe out.

    2. fig. to purge, eliminate, kill off. Tlo1611ll!;l1 '[f::;!;l1


    ~

    611
    I

    V to withdraw, draw back.

    "'

    thamlaaj/laa:u/ V to destroy, wipe out.

    1
    I I

    bTl

    1.1a/ V to be late.
    I

    cha?laa:u/ V to rinse, wash away, cleanse.

    'IJ 1 'J 611


    I

    khaawl~a/

    late news. the latest news.

    !;l'U!;l1-:j l6blaan/ V to wipe out, eradicate, wash away. 61:W!;l1-:j l6mlaan/ V to overthrow, abolish. 611 Hbfl'W laa:ukhten/ V to get rid of one's resent-+Usually in ment (usually by taking revenge). ;1-:jVilil laan/chiiwfd/ V lit. to kill, destroy. 611-:j !:J !;l1bJ! laanphlaan/ V e leg. to destroy, ruin, waste. ;1-:jfl!;l..:W laa:ufiim/ V to develop or process a photographic film. 611-:j ~LJ laanrOub/ V to develop a photographic
    '\J

    d
    ~

    'IJ1'J~1TI~I7l
    ~
    I "'

    khaawl~a/thiisud/

    1'lf1 l.1acMa/ V 1. to be tardy, late. 2. to be slow.

    "' "'

    1 laa/ V 1. to lag. 2. to be tired.


    d "'

    special phrases, as in the entries below.


    b:W eJ ll611 m9ajlaa/ V to be tired, fatigued, stiff

    and sore.

    611~~ll laa/samaj/ V to be out-of-date, behind


    the times. --Syn.

    'VI:WI7l~~ll.
    "'

    !il1 'VIrr ~ laala:u/ V to lag behind, be behind (in time or space), be backward. wardness. !il1 n
    '\J

    fl 'J 1 :W--

    back-

    film or print. !;l1 ~ 'VI'W 1


    d"'
    laaun~a/

    V to wash the face.

    l~ag/

    to pull, draw, drag, haul, tow.

    o 11611 -:j 'VI'W 1

    "'

    ( 11) thiilaaunfia/ (thii/)

    N 1. wash-

    i:J611f1:W1f1~ (fl'W) ph1lul~ag/-m~ag/dii/ (khon/)


    N e lab. co 11 o q. the nobility, the elite, the people of the upper classes. --+Cf.
    ~fil.

    basin, lavatory. o D1 -:j 611 1 'VI'W 1 ( 1'U) ?aan/laann~a/ (baj/) washbasin. !;l1 ~ DDf1 laau?o;:,g/ to wash off; to be washed off. 611 Ul 1 lil ( 1'U , 61 f1 , !:J !;l , ~ 'J -:j ) laansaad/ N lansa, a
    '\J

    "'"'

    ~ ~611 f1

    ( A'W) r6dl~ag/ (khan/) N e leg. rickshaw.


    ~

    -s y n.

    bl b 'In

    c 0 ll 0 q.

    611f1 Ln1li'W lfiagkwian/ to pull a cart.

    kind of fruit (baj/, lOug/, phOn/ for individual fruits; phua:u/ for bunches). !11'W-(the tree) (Lansium domesticum). 6111il
    @

    ~ 1 n ~'W l~agph)'ryn/ v
    floor.
    611
    ~
    @

    to be dragged along the

    "'

    ( lii'W) lansa

    "'

    laa:u/ N omen, prophetic sign.

    l~ad/

    V 1. to cover, spread over, pave (with);

    ~eJ L'lffl ~eJ 6111 thyYcMog/thyYlaa:u/ V e 1 a b.


    colloq. to be superstitious. -+Also ~eJ611 ~ . 611 ~ ~ laa:udii/ N good omen. 611
    ~ ~
    ~

    to be covered, paved (with). N 2. cover, spread (in certain compounds). 11illil ~::; L'J 'W
    l~adtraween/

    V to patrol, make the

    1ll laa:uraaj/ N bad omen. o


    bTl.

    rounds to inspect (a place, an installation).


    L!eJ~11il!11~::;L'Jbl! (611) rya/l~adtraween/(lam/)

    ~11 [.[],Seen~.

    611-:j

    bTl

    laa:u/ Nm some. -More commonly 'U 11

    N cruiser (a class of warship).

    611 ~fllaauthii/ sometimes, at times; other times. --+More commonly 'U 1 1 fl. 6111lfia:u/ below. -Ant. '\J'W
    I

    6111il~ ~ ::;'\J 111 l~ad/phniooad/ N a covering, carpet


    placed on the ground for the king to walk on.

    611lilll1~ l~adjaa:u/

    V tobepavedwithasphalt.

    'IJ 1 ~ !;l1 ~

    kh~:ul~a:u/

    1. lower part. 2. below, down

    6111il [.[]

    l~ad/

    V 1. to slant, incline, slope. N 2.

    below. 3. downstairs. -Opp.

    'IJ1nJ'W.

    slope, incline. --Dist. 1.

    ifu

    lEl.

    483
    o ~ 1 fi1 ~ 'l 'l11'l bb:J..Jt\"1 lclad'lonthaanm~enaam' (the terrain) slopes downward to the river. o
    ~

    .....

    decorative design. 2. co 11 o q. some special talents, skills or abilities of a person.


    iil1 tJ mw , !ill tJ n ~::: Vl'Wn (!ill tJ ) laajkanog', laaj:::

    1 fi1 b'11 1

    l~adkh.lw'

    the slope of a hill. N 1. situation, layout

    611 fi1 rn

    in

    611 fi1 b ~ 1

    l~adlaw'

    kranog' (laajl)

    N generic term for a kind of

    (as it bears upon some future move, course of action). 2. clue, sign, trace.

    decorative pattern characteristic of Thai art.


    lil1tJFlS1:W

    (,ff'W) laajkhraam' {chin')

    N china
    d

    ~ l'W

    el'W)
    '

    laan' (?an') N spring (as of a watch).

    having a design in indigo. -Usually refers to antique Thai {Siamese) ware. -Also bFl Hl'l--.
    611 tJ boU'W

    ~ 1'W t>J

    bb"vl'l ) laan' {hen') N an open, wide, level

    area such as a courtyard, lawn, terrace, field.


    611'W rn 611'W ( lil'W)

    (fill tJ boU'W) laajsen' (laajsen')

    N signa-

    laan' {tflnl)

    N a kind of palm tree.

    ture, autograph.
    iil1tJ~'W

    rr. laan' V to be excited, flustered, panicky.


    1'W lonlaan' V to show signs of agitation or

    (611tJ) laajdun' (laajl)

    N embossed

    fl'W~

    design in high relief .

    perturbation, act flustered, flurried, agitated, panicky.


    611'W lill laantaal V co 11 o q. to make one's eyes

    611tJ~eJ ( lil1tJ~eJ, el'W, b 61'W) laajmyy' N 1. handwriting {laajmyy'). 2. finger print (?an'). 3. the lines on the palm of the hand o
    (s~n').

    ...

    spin (because of fantastically large numbers).


    ~

    ~1;;611tJ~eJ
    0'

    flimaajllaajmyy' N elab. colloq.

    1 'W

    laan/ V to be bald.

    craftsmanship, workmanship, skill, ability.


    lil1 tJ ~n ~rn5n~s laajlagl?ags:S~n' N e 1 a b. e 1 eg.

    ~'d 611'W hUalaan' V to be baldheaded.


    ~

    1'W t>J laan' Nm 1. million. C 2. idem.

    writing, script.

    ~'U;1'W
    611Jl
    l~ab'

    slblaan' Nm ten million. -Also

    1n~.

    btl'W611tJ~n~;5n~s penlaajlag'?ags:S~n'
    eleg. in writing, in written form.

    elab.

    N a windfall, an unexpected piece of good

    fortune.

    611 'd laaw' N Lao, Laos, Laotian.


    'l.h:; b'l'lf'i 611 'd

    ~ :; 1 :W'U 1 ~ Jl 611 Jl lamBob'l6obl~ab' V e 1 a b. e 1 e g.


    to be greedy.
    611:J..J laam' V 1. to spread all over.

    ( 'l.h:; b'l'lf'i)

    pratMedlaaw' (pratMed')

    N eleg. Laos. --+Syn. 2. to be pre-

    b~eJ'l611'd com.

    611 lam' C 1. elf. for boats, ships, airplanes; for

    sumptuous.

    long objects, approximately cylindrical in form, as a plant stem, a beam of light. N 2. course-

    l 'Wiil1:W~ 'l
    q

    fajllaamthOn' "the fire spreads over

    the field," a simile used to describe any chain of events which spreads rapidly.
    61 'd'W611:J..J luanlaam' V to overstep the rules of

    bbn 611 k~e'lam' V to retaliate; to have a return

    ...

    way, passageway .

    match, a return engagement.


    611n 61 eJ 'l

    propriety; to be impertinent, act impertinently, make impertinent advances.


    ~n

    "'
    "'

    ( el'W)

    lamkl~:u' (?an') N gun barrel.


    N 1. idiom. personal effort,

    flo 1 ll '11 'l lamkh~:U I

    611:W luglaam' V to spread (as of a fire).

    endeavor. 2. shin (rarely used in this meaning; more commonly Vl'W 1 U '11 'l ) .
    611Fl 61 eJ 'l 611Fl eJ lilo1111'W ( 611l!)
    lamkhb~:u' (saajl)

    iill :W

    11iam' V 1. to chain, put a rope around

    ...

    "'

    (the neck of). 2. to tether, tie up.


    iill:W l>J ( Fl'W)
    l~am'

    N canal. N throat.

    {khan')

    N interpreter.

    ( 611Fl eJ) lamkh~~' (lamkh~~') ( 611111'W) lamtl'ln' (lamtBn')

    611:Wn laam6g' V to be obscene, lewd, indecent. Fl 'd 1 :W- - lewdness, obscenity. !ill tJ ( 611 tJ) laajl (laajl)

    "'

    N trunk (of

    a tree).
    611lll'd ( 611rl'd) lamtua' (lamtua')
    '

    N 1. design, pattern.

    N trunk (of

    V 2. to be striped.
    li11611 tJ taalaajl V 1. to have blurred vision, have

    the body), torso.


    61161 s ( ll Vl'l, 611 tJ)

    lamthaan' (hen'. saajl) N

    double or multiple vision. 2. to have a whirling sensation.


    61'dfi11il1tJ (U'\.J'U) lOadlaajl(bf:eb')

    stream .

    ...

    61Tll1

    ( 611tJ) ( Slo1)

    lamnaam' (saajl) lamsEe:U' (lam')

    N water passage. N beam of light.

    N 1. pattern,

    611lb61'l

    484 r;(11i ( '(Jiil) lams.jl (khbd.t)


    I

    N bowel, intestine.

    culty, trouble.

    iilo1 l.m/ V to be stout, sturdy, husky.


    bV'W~o1 bV'lJ~'W penl.m.tpensan' V e 1 a b. co 11 o q.

    o ~::.; 1tJ1Vf'W1l~o1'U1fl

    capajnajlk~lambaag.t (it's)

    hard to go anywhere (e.g. without a car).

    1. to be solid, substantial, coherent, well-

    S1'W::::iilo1'U1ll
    ff1tl1 ~ Thailand. Glo1'V'Iel ~

    thaana?.tlamba.ag.t N difficult position.

    founded, well-organized. 2. solidly, substantially, coherently, as a staple, as a steady thing. -Syn.


    "-'

    lampaan.t pN Lampang, a township inN

    bV'tJn 11Jl V'Wllo'l.

    lamph::>:JtJ' V to feel strong and brave. 2.

    ~0 1~'W l.msan.t V to be strong, robust, muscular.


    iilo1 him/ V 1. to go beyond, exceed, pass. sV 2. exceedingly, extremely .
    A 'J 1 :l..l
    "-'

    to be high-spirited. 3. to become puffed up, self- important.

    6(1'W~ lamphau.t by oneself, alone, singly, singlehanded.

    .,J bVf~

    eJ :I-H11 khwaam'lyamlam' N inequality,

    ";

    '

    disparity, difference. Sll ~ 0 1 n1g'lam' V 1. to intrude, trespass. 2.

    Llilr.l~o1~~
    I
    <V

    doojllamphau.t by oneself, singlehandedly.

    '

    1711:l..liilo1~~ taamlamphan' alone, by oneself.


    bb171611'V'I~

    to penetrate, advance into (by force).


    "-'

    t:damphau.t alone, by oneself.

    Gl 'J ~ Glo'l Iaaulam' V to intrude, trespass.


    ~ 0 1 b~ F1 laml~ad.t V to be excellent, superb.
    v

    Glo1~i bb171 lamphau.tt:e:; alone (as in "he alone").


    Glo1'V'I'W lamphuun.t pN Lamphun, a township in N
    'U

    ~ ~ Glo1 suuu'lam.t
    'U

    to be exceedingly high.
    0

    Thailand.

    1 bAb\1 lamkhen' V e 1 e g. to be poor, hard-pressed, hard up. A'J 1:l..l-- hardship, adversity.

    <;

    ~ 1bl'V'I'W ( ~'W)
    iilo1L'V'Ii ( el'W)

    lampheen.t (ph}Tyn') lamphoou.t (?an')

    N bamboo mat.

    N loudspeaker,

    ~0 1~'\J lamdab' N 1. order, orderly arrangement.


    V 2. to arrange in proper order. .., .., el'W lil'U .

    megaphone. sl"11 ~ lampMjl N supplementary income (from outside work). 6111r.J


    v

    -s y n.

    1.

    Lm.J~o1~'U doojlamdab' progressively, gradually.

    (~ll,~fl) lamjajl (ltlugl,pMn') N longan(fruit).


    v

    1711:l..I611~'U taamlamdab.t 1. in order, in series,


    consecutively. 2. respectively. 3. progressively, gradually. 4. in order (of) (e.g. height). bV'W611~'U penlamdab.t 1. in order, serially, suecessively, in succession, one after another. 2. respectively. 3. progressively, gradually. b HJ ~ 6111il'U rian.tlamdab.t to be arranged in order (of) (e.g. height).
    "' 0 ..,

    171'W-'11~ eJ
    --1

    (171'W)longan tree (Euphoria longana).


    ~~

    laml::>:JtJ.t V to be casual, informal (of dress).


    .,J
    0

    bASel~~ 1~el~

    (';(li1)

    khrJan.tlamb:JtJ.f (child/)

    N casual wear, informal wear.


    I

    o bb171if11r.liilo161el~

    t:nkaajllamb:JtJ.t to dress cas-

    ually or informally, wear one's sports clothes.

    ~ 1~!1 lamlyg.t V to recall, remember, bring to mind,


    think of. -Also more commonly f1~ll.
    ~ 0 1 b~ll laml~dg.t V to recount, extol one's meri-

    bGl'I.IG11~'U (~'d) l@eg'lamdab.t (tua') N ordinal


    number.

    torious deeds done to others in the past.

    iilo1~1il lamtad.t N antiphony, improvised antiphonal


    singing. Glo1 biJ 1 in
    ~

    6!'1 b~r.J i

    lamliau.t V to transport (in small quantities), transporting (in small quan-

    to lighter. f11 S--

    Ii:W611 b'W 1 phuu.lmflamnaw' N native


    'U

    tities, as by lighter).

    habitat, native district.

    bSel611b~rJ~
    611 rJ ff1 b~ r.1 i

    (ff1) ( ~ 1 r.1)

    rya'lamliatJ' (lam.t) N lighter. saajllamlian.t (saajl) N

    o 171

    ~m.Hl1
    'U

    b'lJ 1 t.u'phuu.tmilamnaw 1 to take up

    residence (as in a new place), to settle. iilo1'U 1!1 lamooag' V 1. to be hard, difficult, troublesome, bothersome, a bother, a hardship; to cause trouble, hardship. 2. to be in difficulty, trouble; to be subjected to hardship, trouble, bother. 3. to trouble oneself. A'J 1:l..l-- diffifi '() ~ 'tl

    supply line. iilo1 b EJ(J ~ lam?iau.t V to be inclined (toward), to be partial. A'J 1 :l..l- d [.1

    partiality, inclination.

    fib ll likee.t N com. musical folk drama. -Also


    b ll

    ll 0 q.

    lfgkhas l ct.t N e l e g. copyright.

    485

    ~-iJ!il likhld/ V lit. 1. towrite. N 2. writings;

    "" 61'\J'l

    liblib/ sV (visible) in the distance, (visible)

    a writing; a letter.

    way (up), way (far away).


    ~'U~
    A A
    A

    '11~ iii:J..J~-iJ!il padchlm/lfkhld/ N postscript, P. S.


    -Abbrev. Ll. ~.

    'J libUw/ idem ~'U.


    ~
    I

    ~'U i;i lil n

    ( eJ'W, Lb 'YH)

    lfbsatlg/, libsatfg/ (?an/, tMu/)

    ~ -i "" ( !il'J ) liu/ (tua/) N monkey.


    ~ -i Fl'W ( Fl'J) lil)khon/ (tua/) N orang-utan. ~-ill hm ( A'J) li:n/thamoon/ (tua/) N (a) big
    "-'

    N lipstick. [f. Eng.]

    ~:W

    ( el'W)

    ltm/ (?an/)

    N wedge.

    L.U'W~:W'l

    penJ'ltmltm/ in clots (as of blood).

    monkey. -+Often used as a simile to describe mischievous children.


    ~ ~L11
    "" I

    ~:w lfm/ V eleg. to taste. -syn.

    i!:w.

    "' ~:ws8 limr6d/ V eleg. to taste.


    N orang-utan.

    ( lil 'J) liupaa/ (tua/)

    ~~lil
    d

    ( L S eJ 1)

    lilfd/ (r?au/)

    N a mixed form of

    ~ ~ L i;i'W ( A'J) liuseen/ (tua/) N rufous monkey,


    stump-tailed monkey.
    61 'J

    Thai versification. ltw/ rM intensifier used with expressions implying distance or comparison. -see also ~'U. in
    bl'J 61 i;i 1 thualis<:>u/ N co 11 o q. peanut.
    J., J., ""

    ~~bbi;i:W (A'J) liusamee/ (tua/) N crab-eating


    monkey.

    ~-i'VleW
    ~ 'l

    (A'J) liuMV (tua/)

    N a small species
    ;y
    ;y~

    --+Var. of bi'JtJI;ii eleg.,lit.


    61 liiJ' V 1. to escape. 6161'U

    of monkey.
    ll

    2. to hide.

    in

    ~ ~ h ~ liDl1)od/ V to be jubilant, joyful;

    liiLib/ V to be secret.

    to jump up and down with joy.


    ~lil S lid/ V liter. [f. Eur.]

    ~'U ltibl V to be abortive, undeveloped.

    ~ 611 liilaa/ N e 1 e g. 1. graceful poise or movement.


    2. rhythm.

    "' ( ~'W) "' ~'W lfn/ (lfn/)

    N 1. tongue. 2. reed, valve.

    ffu1 ~
    0
    'II

    linkaV N uvula.
    .}'

    ~ ~ 1 A liil~ad/ N e 1 e g. 1. dance. V 2. to dance .


    i 1 'W ~ 611

    'W ~ 61 'W l n i;i 'W phOud/ -lfnkaj/ s~n/ v to be drunken

    A uaanlliil~ad/ N e 1 e g. dancing party,


    to be deep.
    Fl11 :w--

    in speech: "to talk (like someone) with a short uvula."

    dance. --+Refers to ballroom dancing.

    ~ n lyg/

    depth.

    ~'Wifn ( ~'Wifn) lfnchag/ (lfncMg/) N drawer. "' ~'W'fl::o L 61 ( el'W) lin/thalee/ (?an/) N cuttlebone,
    used to make a powder for polishing and as medicine.

    "'

    "-'

    ~naTI'J

    lygs"Yu/ V to be profound, deeply-felt.

    ~ n i'U lyglab/ v to be mysterious. Fl'J1 :w-mystery. o


    d "" ~ LSeJi~ni;i'U

    r9au/lyglab/ N mysterystory.

    ff'W~
    I

    linplV N 1. reed (of a woodwind). 2. ana t.


    V

    ~1Fl lYD/ N 1. gram. gender. 2. eleg. sex. 3.


    e 1 e g. penis.
    d

    xiphoid cartilage.
    b f'l'W~'W l@nlfn/ V idiom. to deflect the point of

    fil'W

    l~n/

    V to be slippery, smooth.
    d
    'II

    a remark or criticism by a clever or witty reply.

    L11 n n 1 !;1 n sl'W

    ( fi11:W' eJ'W)

    "-'

    paagkaa/lflugl~n/

    (d1laml,

    ?an/)
    ;y,.

    N ball point pen.

    "' bbi;i'U ~'W l~E:blfn/ V to stick out the tongue.


    A'W~

    ~:W "" lyym/ V to forget.


    '/Ji;i:W khiilyym/ V to be forgetful, absent-minded. '/J'Vl61i'/J61:W khiil<:>uJ'khiilyym/ V eleg. colloq.
    d"

    ~J

    (61n,e.J61) linCii
    'II

    ')'

    (HlugJ',pMn)
    "-' "'

    )'

    N litchi(or litchi (the tree).

    lichee)(the fruit). lil'W-~tJ'W linin/ N linen. [f. Eng.]

    ( lil'W)

    d"~

    to be forgetful, absent- minded.

    ~'U lib/ rM intensifier used with expressions im-

    1~;~:W m~jruu/lyym/
    'II

    to be unforgettable, never

    plying distance (e.g. 1n~


    I

    "far," i;i ~
    'II

    "high,"

    to be forgotten. 2. unforgettably. 3. without forgetting.

    'Vl11rl'W "far apart from each other"), or com-

    parison (e.g.
    I

    ~ fi1 rl'W
    ~

    "different from each "one more expensive than

    ~:WFl'J ~:Wiil'W lyymtua/lyymton/ V e 1 a b. co 11 o q.


    to forget oneself.

    other," bb'V'l1n 'J 1n'W the other").

    ~:lJL~eJ'W lyymJ'lyan/ V to fade away (of memory).

    ~'Ui'U liblab/ idem.

    ~:W L ~t'J L ~fil lyym/sfath8?/l Forget it. Let's forget it.

    486
    ~J.J ( l ~fJ) 61Ur! lyym'(sia)sanld' V to forget completely. co 11 o q. to fall down and scramble up again and again.
    ~
    9

    ~j.J

    l!J

    lyyml V to open (the eyes).

    n 'tJ'W lugkh?n' to get up, arise (as from bed).


    I

    J-'

    ~J.JFI1 lyymtaal V 1. to open the eyes. 2. to


    have one's eyes open. -Opp.
    'Vli'UFI1.

    61n'li'J'l
    9

    lug'chOa:o' V eleg. to blaze up brightly.

    ~nL'I'I~-1 lug'phloo:o' V colloq. to blaze up brightly. 9 ~n l:J.J'tJ'W lug'm.jkh?n' can't get up (e.g. because 9
    of illness, disability, etc.).
    ~ nfl 'W, ~ n 61-~

    o ~:l.JFI1L'I'I6H lyymtaa'phloo:o' to have one's eyes wide open (e.g. instead of being asleep).

    IJ-'

    ~:l.J'Vl~J.JFI1 lyymhuu'lyymtaal V elab. colloq.


    'IJ

    luglon', lugl ii'luglon'

    v e 1 a b.

    to open one's eyes to, or become aware of what is going on around one.

    co 11 o q. to be in a flurry, act in a nervous hurry.


    ~n~1:J.J
    9 v

    ~el lyy' V torumor,berumored. -+Also Jl1 FS.


    'lJ 1 'Hl eJ
    I I "'

    h1glaam1 to spread (as of a fire).

    (l ~ eJ ~) khaawlyy' (r1a:o')
    "'

    .J

    N rumor. N

    ~ n l 'Vl:w lug'm~V 9

    to burn.

    n 1 ~-- combustion.

    'lJ1H61161eJ

    .J (l~el~)

    khaaw'l~wlyy'(r1a:o')

    ~n~eJ lug'hyy' V 1. to flare up all at once (of a 9


    fire). 2. to rise up all at once, suddenly and all together (as of a mob).
    ~

    rum<1r.
    o

    &:!:!

    Fl1l611 61 eJ

    ( l ~ eJ -1 ' eJ fJ 1 -1 ''lJ s- ~ n 1 s-) khamll~wlyyl

    (r1a:o', jaa:o', prakaan')

    N rumor.

    'l

    ( FI'W)

    lu:o' (khonl)

    N 1. elder uncle (older

    ~el'li1 lyychaal V to be well-known, widely spo-

    brother of father or mother). P 2. you, Uncle (sp. to elder uncle or other older man); he, him, Uncle (sp. of elder uncle); I, me, Uncle (elder uncle or older man sp. to nephew, niece, or other ygr. person). T 3. Uncle-- (ref. to one's
    v

    ken of.

    ~ el~el

    lyych9Y' V 1. (people, everyone) to talk

    about (it), spread (it) around: "spread the name." 2. to be well-known, famous, widely spoken of. __..Also
    l ~ eJ -1 ~ eJ ~ el'W 1 J.J .

    elder uncle or other older man). -+Cf.


    ~rn~
    ~

    -+Op p. 'lJ 1 .

    ~ el'W 1 :!.1 lyynaaml V e 1 e g. to be famous, renowned, well- known.

    eJ 1 , 'W 1 .

    'l khunlu:o' N 1. elder uncle. P 2. e 1 e g. you,

    ~ eJ

    <QJ

    l"YY' P you.

    -Paired with eJ 'J "I, me."

    he, him (sp. to or of one's elder uncle, or other highly respected older man).
    fl 'l U"if:w lu:oseem' N "Uncle Sam," i.e. the U. S.
    9

    -Often used among men who are intimates. [f. Chin.]


    61 eJ l!J l"YY' N a tribe of hill people in N Thailand.
    ~
    ~

    ~:J.J

    <Ql

    lOml V 1. to be low, low-lying (esp. of land). N 2. lowland, basin.


    d

    111?1 V to reach, get to. -+Chiefly in the following expressions.


    6Wn Lm:r lukEethelod' V e leg. to confess and
    1

    '!1~ :w

    d '

    ( U'Vl -1
    I

    , 'l1) thtilOm' (he:o', thtil)

    N lowland,

    basin.
    I V

    ask forgiveness.
    I

    ~:W'W'1
    9
    I

    ( ll'Vl-1)

    lOmnaaml (he:o')

    N river basin.

    61lbnv'1'W1'1 lu?lkf:e?amn~ad' V to overstep one's


    9

    ~:J.J1(ilel'W1

    lOmlOm'd::>::md::>::m' V to be uneven (on


    FI'J 1:J.J--

    authority.
    ~

    the surface). downs.


    ~:J.J

    unevenness, ups and

    61 'J -1 lu?Hla:o' V to be done, finished, completed,

    accomplished.
    ~

    l!J

    in

    ~:J.J'Vlfl-1

    lOmlo:o' V to be crazy (about),

    n lug'
    'tJ'W~n

    V to get up, rise, arise.

    infatuated (with), madly in love (with).


    ~

    khonlug' V to have the hair stand on end


    ,!_,

    fJ lujl V to wade; to go through, wade through.

    (as when frightened).


    ~(il~n~(il'W-1 phudlug 1 phudn~:o 1

    6WLFI~'W lujkhloonl V to wade through mud, wade 9

    elab. colloq.
    61fJ
    9

    in mud.
    v

    to be repeatedly getting up and sitting down again (e.g. because of restlessness, impatience).
    6l:l.IG'ln l6mlug' V to fall and rise again and again.
    " 9

    in

    TI'lrl'W61fJ thi:o'kanlOjl colloq. to leave


    9

    (one's opponent) far behind; to outscore by a wide margin. 61


    'IJ

    61 :!.1~ n A~ n fi611'W 16mlug'khlugkhlaan' V e 1 a b.

    ( ~)
    'IJ

    lOu' (lOu')

    N 1. track, path, way. 2. to bend,

    fil

    'II

    487 incline. -s y n. See '111 '1


    I I

    filf1
    'II

    "" ~nn~::: blilvn


    N means,
    'IJ

    (~n)

    lOugkradyag' (lOug') N Adam's

    fil'YI1 '1
    'II

    ( ~'111 '1) lOuthaa:g' (11luthaa:g')


    'II

    apple.
    fil n n :1::: hJn ( fil n)
    'IJ

    way.
    eHJntHJf1'11Hlf1'Y11'1 ?:,;:,gl-n~::>gl1lu/n~::>gthaan 1
    'II

    lOugkrapoog' (lOug') N com.,

    1.

    vulg. testicles. -Syn. colloq.,euphem.

    ~nelbl!'Yl::: 'IJ

    eleg.,

    1~

    to get off course. 2. to do something wrong.


    I

    b fl'W~ ?een'lOu' V to bend, incline (as with the


    'II

    ~nn~:::6i'W (1Tii1,~n) lOugkrasun' (nad',l1lug') N 'IJ q 'IJ


    1. bullet, shot, pellet, projectile. 2. cartridge.
    fil n n"' v'W
    'IJ

    wind).
    G'lf1
    'IJ

    ( F1'W, iil'1, G'lf1) 11lug' N 1. com. child (khon')


    'IJ

    ( fil n )
    'IJ
    ~

    Hlugkb;:,n/ (lOugl) N bolus, a wet

    (used only as a relationship term). 2. offspring (tua') (of animals, usually in cpds.). 3. fruit (lOug')(of trees, usually in cpds.). P 4. I, me (child sp. to parents); you (parent sp. to child); he, him, she, her (sp. of one's child, of someone's child). C 5. elf. for fruit of any kind; for mountains; for certain round or small objects. -Dist. 1. 3. r.JG'l com.,
    ~

    lump or tablet of freshly prepared medicine .


    G'lnn~~
    'IJ

    .:!'

    (filf1,l'W)
    'IJ

    lOugklt:g' (l11ugl,?an') N roller

    (for compacting, pulverizing, printing, etc.).

    "'
    lQug')
    G'lf1f1bl.Jbb'l
    'IJ 'IJ
    q

    N candy, esp. bonbons, hard candies.


    (li1vf1)

    lOugkuncee' (d:,;:,gl) N key. 11lugkeectl (mect') N colloq.

    .. bli1f1.

    ~n

    bf11i1

    "' b:Wii1)

    -Syn. 1.

    ~fil~

    eleg.,

    raisin.
    filnbbn '1
    'II 'II

    eleg., 5. (when referring to fruit)


    r.J~

    1:u

    ( ~n)
    'IJ

    lQugktew' (lQug') N (glass) marble(s). lOugkf:?t (tua') N lamb.

    eleg.

    G'lnbbn:::

    ( iil1) ( iil'J) ( ~ n)
    'IJ

    NOTE. As the first member of a compound, n often refers to one of the following. (1)

    ~n 1n' 'II
    I

    lfiugkaj/ (tua') N chick, baby chicken. lQugkhaa:g' (11lug') N top (the toy). lQugkhun' (khon') N juror.
    (Abl!:::)

    persons of a group, or those standing in a subor~inate

    ~ n 'l.J 1 ~
    'II

    or dependent relationshi~ to others:

    ~n

    fil n 'l.J' W 'II q

    ( F1'W)
    'II
    q

    '1 ~

    "employee, hireling"; ~ n Fl1 "customer."

    F11J6:::~f1'l.J'W

    khana?'lllugkhun' (khana?l)

    <1 m.11 "mosquito larva." (3) certain types of


    ~

    . .
    larvae:
    ~

    (2) the young of animals and birds, and also

    amLn~ "lamb"; an L~Pl

    "duckling";
    'll

    N jury.
    "'n b'l.JtJ (A'W)
    11lugkh~8j/

    (khon')

    N com. son-

    fruit: ~nl.ln'l~ 1'l "coconut" (but most kinds of fruit are not preceded by subsidiary devices:
    ~
    ~ n) .

    in-law.
    fil n F1 11 :W
    'IJ

    (4) certain

    n ~qjLL'l

    "key." (5) certain


    ~

    ( F1'W) lOugkhwaam' (khon')

    N litigant.

    ball- or cube-like objects of various kinds: "eyeball."

    n~ 1

    fil n F11
    'IJ 'IJ

    ( F1'W) lOugkhcia' (khon-') (el'W) lOugkhfd-'(?an-')


    'll

    N customer. N abacus.

    filf1Aii1

    'ti'J"' n V'J'i-m 1'W chQalOug'chOalaan' e lab. genera'll


    tion after generation. -Compare
    filn~n
    'IJ

    o ~li1G'lf1Alil dlid-'lOugkhfd-' V 1. to figure or calculate with an abacus. 2. colloq. to scheme, figure the angles.
    filf16'11:::
    'IJ

    ~n'Vl'11'W.

    toglOug' V to give birth, drop young (of

    animals).
    bb'YI '1 fil n thqjl1lug' V to miscarry, have a mis'11

    (filn) 10ug:g:J?-'(11lug')
    'IJ

    N rambutan,a

    kind of fruit.
    ~f1'lflf1
    'll

    carriage, have an (accidental) abortion. -Dis t.

    (A'W)

    l0ugc6::>g-' (khon')

    N slang

    sub-

    ~li1filf1. 'II
    :Wii1filf1
    'IJ

    ordinate; low ranking employee, person of the


    'II

    (:Wiil~n)

    m6dl0ug' (m6dl1lug')

    N womb,
    'IJ

    lower ranks.
    filf1 '11 '1 ( F1'W) lOugda:g' (khon-')

    uterus.

    N colloq.

    ~ n n'\J ( i J'1 ) lOugkob' (tua') N tadpole. ~ n n :H


    'IJ

    hireling, employee.

    d. ( li11'W, el'W, '11) 11lugkro:g' N 1. balustrade,


    "'

    ~nb~tJ'U (!il'J) lOugcfab' (tua-') N colloq. chick. 'IJ


    G'ln 't11 U ( A'W) lQugchaaj/ (khon-')
    'IJ

    ..

    railing (dian', ?an'). 2. the sides of a cage or pen (i.e. one having upright bars) (d~an'). 3. bar of a balustrade, cage, pen (sti/); in this sense usually
    fil n n s::: lil:W
    'II
    q

    N com. son.

    --Syn. 'Ufi1SV1U q
    filn L~
    'IJ

    eleg. N link (of a chain). N button.

    ( el'W)

    lOugsBo' (?an')

    ( b:Wii1) 11lugkradum' (med') N button.

    ~"' n n :1 ~ 'IJ

    filf11i1:W
    'IJ
    q

    ( b:iJlil) lQugdum-' (med-')

    "'n
    'IJ

    "' b"lf1bbliH "' bAn

    ( A'W) lllugdeg-'legdeen' (khon')

    ~n
    'II

    488 N e 1 a b. co 11 o q. infants and young children (collectively). --Also


    'II 'II

    ~n
    'II

    ~n'lJ1
    'II

    lQugpaa.l N confetti (for throwing).


    'II

    ~n b~n

    '"

    '" brinbbrH.

    Gln~'W (61n,!Tr~)
    'II

    1Cugpyyn.1 (lCug.t,nad.l)

    N 1.

    ~ nLr1 r1 ( ~ n) lQugdood' {lCug') N ball, bullet,


    slug {whatever is discharged singly).
    J.,

    bullet, gunshot. 2. ball bearing.

    ~ n 1J ~ 'II
    ~nf..l'li1t:J
    'II 'II

    (~ n , 1'U)
    'II

    lCugpoou.t (lCug.t, bajl) N com.

    ~nlil::::n'J
    'II

    (~n)
    'II

    lQugtak:Ua' {lCug')

    N slang

    toy balloon.
    (Fl'W)

    bullet, slug of lead.

    lOugphQuchaajl(khoril)

    N 1. son.

    ~nM'J ( Fl'W) lQugtua' (khon')


    'II

    N c o m. one's real
    ~n

    2. co 11 o q. a (real) man (i.e. one with manly qualities). 3. (as n. mod.) manly .

    child (related by blood). --Dist.


    61nlil1
    'II 'II

    b"HH.
    'II

    Jl

    ..,

    (Gln) lQugtaal (lCug')


    'II

    N anat. eyeball.

    ~nf..IVliD~
    'II

    (I'I'W) lQugphCujitJ.I(khon.l) Nl. daughter.

    ~nlil1rlo1"1

    lQugtaaldamdam' N idiom. a baby,

    2. co 11 o q. a (real) woman (i.e. one with womanly qualities). 3. (as n. mod.) womanly.

    a child.
    ~nlii:W
    'II '

    ( Gln) lQugtCm' (lCug')


    'II

    N 1. pendulum.

    61ni'J 1bbi'JA, 61nbli'JA


    'II 'II

    ( A'W)

    1Cugfi1afE:ed', lQugfE:ed.l

    2. heavy pendant. 3. plummet.

    (khonl) N
    61n'VWn'W8
    'II 'II

    N 1. twin, twins. 2. Siamese twins.


    ( I'I'W)

    "' "' 61 n b lii'W'Wi:i


    'II

    ( ~ n) lQugtennid', -nfsl (lCug')


    'II

    1CugphtillCugn5:JtJ' (khon')

    "' W'W "' i:i tennis ball. [ b M'


    "'

    f. Eng.]

    cousin, cousins in general. N (one's own)

    61n llil1
    'II

    (Fl'W) 1Cugt.1wl (khon')


    V
    I

    ~nbb'W:::: (M'J) lQugph?1 (tua') N kid.


    'II

    children (i.e. related by blood).

    Gln l'W
    'II

    ( Gln)
    'II

    lQugfajl (lQug.l)

    N sparks, ignited

    or fiery particles thrown up in the air. N e 1 a b. co 11 o q. (one's own) children (esp. very young children).
    +

    ~n:W::::'Wn'J
    'll

    (Gln)
    'II

    IQugmaphraaw.l {lCug')

    N coco-

    nut (with or without the outer husk). N die, dice.


    1. co 11 o q.

    'II

    n blil1

    ( ~ n ) lQugtAw' {lQug')
    'II

    ~nil8
    'II 'II

    (Fl'W) ltlugmyy' {khon.l) N colloq. assistant.

    ..,

    Glnbb rn
    'II

    ( Fl'W) 1Qugthwl (khon') N

    Glnl:J-J

    (61n,f..l6l,l'U,8~1~) 'II

    lCugmaajl N 1. com.

    person standing in line (other than at the head). 2. men in the lower ranks, the rank and file
    ~

    fruit {of any kind) {lQug.l, pMn.l, bajl). 2. lace {for trimming). 3. slang
    1.
    6l n t:J 8
    'II

    trick (jaau.l).

    --s y n.

    {in the police force, army). --Dist. Vl'Jbbbn.


    ~nm~n61:W
    'II

    f..l~l~
    'II

    eleg.

    (~n)
    'II

    lCug'souklom' (lCug') N sphere,

    ( 61 n ) lQugj:J:J.I (lOug') N co 11 o q. flattering

    spherical body.
    61 n o'W
    'II 'II

    words. N

    ( 61 n 'II
    ~

    r18 n) lCugthanuul {lQugl, d:":l:Jgl)

    6ln~8n (fln,eJ'W) lCugr~:Jg.l {lCug.l,?an.l) N pulley.


    'II 'II 'II

    arrow.
    6W'W8
    'II

    ~ n ~:::: l iJ A ( An ) 1Ougraba;::>dl {ltlug.l)


    'II

    N bomb.

    ( Fl'W) lCugn:'bu' {khon')


    ~

    N co 11 o q.

    An l ~ 8 ( Fl'W)
    'II
    v

    ltlugrya.l {khon.l) N crew (of a boat). N wheel.

    underling, subordinate.
    61 n'Wo1 (Iii 'J) lQugnaam' (tua') N mosquito larva.
    'II

    61 n AeJ
    'II 'II

    ( el'W) lOugl:S:JI (?an')


    ~

    "'
    '1

    "' n LA "' nblA An l61


    llA ~ , ..,
    ~n LEW~
    'll
    d

    lCugleg.ldegdee:u' N e 1 a b. co 11 o q.
    ~n

    ~r!61n'Wo1

    "'

    cu

    cud'Iaugnaaml N colloq. the comma.


    0"'

    young children (collectively). --Also

    "' b61n '" l An

    0""

    61 n'U 8 ~ 61
    'II

    lQugb:Jn', lQugb:J:Jll

    N ball. [ tJ 8 6161

    f. Eng.]
    ~ntJ1'W
    'II

    ( I'I'W) ltlugliau' {khon.l)


    Jl

    N com. 1. step~

    (I'I'W) lCugMan' (khon')


    "'

    N colloq. 1.

    child. 2. adopted child. -+Dist. 61n!ii'J.


    'II
    9 9

    -+Syn.

    villagers. 2. members of a household.


    61n'U1f'ln
    'II 'II

    61n'Ubjj6~~:W,'UM~l~t:J~,'Ulii~'Ub!J6~~:w
    qJ

    eleg.

    (Gln) lQugooad' (lCug')


    .-'II

    N cube.

    An
    'II

    LRn ( ~ n)
    'II

    lOugWogl {ltlug.l) N globe {depicting

    o 61 n'U 1 f'l n bm1 ~ lQugbaad'meed' N cubic meter.

    the earth).

    61ni:lr~ (Gln,eJ'W) lQugbld'{lCug',?an') N door'll

    'II

    ~ n l~ 'II
    ~ n f'l ~
    'II 'II

    ( Fl'W) ltlugl.1jl {khon.l)

    N co 11 o q. one who

    knob, door handle {i.e. one which can be turned).


    61n'Ubjj6n:W (I'I'W) lQugbuntham' (khon')
    'II '

    is always picked on by others.


    (An , A 8 n)
    'II

    N eleg. c o m.

    lOugs~:Jn.l

    {ltlug', d:":l:Jg.l) N arrow. N student, pupil,

    adopted
    'II

    chil~:l.

    -+S y n. See

    61 n b~ t:J
    'II

    Jl

    An fhW.-

    ( fl'W)

    lQugs'id' {khon')

    61n1Jri lCugpad' N glass beads.

    follower, disciple.

    489
    o 61f1Fh:H_;"1fi1
    'II

    (A'W) Htugsld/wad/ (khon/)

    N an
    'II

    N nursing mother (tua/ for animals).


    61n8rn'Yl:::

    attendent at a monastery, a boy who serves the priest.


    61 n G1 :W'W
    'II "

    (~n) ltlug?antM?t (ltlug/) N eleg.


    'II

    testicles. ---Syn. N c o ll o q. meteor. N e leg.


    eHJ fl 61 fl
    '!I

    ~nn~:::hJn com.,vulg.
    'II

    ( A'W ) ltlugsamun/ (khon/)

    subordinate, underling.
    ~ n G1
    '!I

    'J

    A ( S! n ) 111ugsawan/ (ltlug/)
    '!I

    ?~::>gltlug/

    V colloq. to bear a child, give


    A61elfi1~fl, A~elfil~lil~

    toy balloon (esp. gas-inflated, such as are seen at festivals).


    ~'U

    birth. -Syn.

    eleg.

    ltlub/ V to stroke, pat, pet.


    6'1'UAJ-J l(lub/khom/ idiom. V to insult someone
    'II

    ~nG1:::1;
    '!I

    (A'W) ltlugsapMj/ (khon/)

    N com.

    daughter-in-law.
    61flG11'J
    '11

    by outdoing him. N com. daugh~'U A ~,'1


    'II

    (A'W) 111ugsaaw/ (khon/)

    ltlub/khlam/ V to caress, fondle, stroke

    ter. -syn. 'UI11~ lit., 'UI11H11'J ,'UI1l~~eu'~,


    ~

    6fi11 eleg.
    ~
    'II "

    "

    "

    "

    gently, pet. o flellil'l'U~'UA~"'l k~::>d/cuub/-lQublkhlam/ V


    'II 'II

    nG1 fi1'1HH ( A'W) 111ugsudth:5::>1J/ (khon/) N com.


    the last- born child, youngest child.
    fi'U
    'II

    colloq. to pet, to neck.

    l; lOublaj/
    strokes.

    V to stroke, rub lightly back and

    S! n Gi'U
    'II
    '!I

    'II

    ( ~ n , 8'W) 111ugsuub/ (ltlug/, ?an/) N piston.


    'II

    forth, apply (powder or perfume) with gentle

    S!fl b 8eJ

    ( A'W, rl'J) ltlugsya/ N 1. boy scout (khon/).


    'II

    2. tiger cub (tua').


    ~ n ~eu .:J
    'II

    61'UVI'W1'lJ:::Gl:l-Jfl
    '!I

    l11ub/n~a/-p8_?/camuug/

    V idiom.

    A'W) 111ugjl1J/ (khon/) N com. daughter.

    to come upon something one wasn't looking for (as in an investigation where evidence impli-

    more commonly
    :!t
    61fl~'W
    'II

    ~fl'Uel~~.
    'II

    cating the investigator turns up). N debtor.


    b~fl
    ~

    ( A'W) 111ugnii/ (khon/)


    v

    leg/ V tobesmall,little(insize). -+Dist.


    'Welt!.

    61fl~:W1 (rl'J) ltlugmaa/(tua') N com. puppy.


    '!I '!I

    S!fl'V1:1..11nnnl:w

    (61n,1.'U,~61) ltlugmaag/-r~ag/::::
    '!I

    "' "' v bfl'U b&lfl~61:J-J'Weli'J

    keb/leg'-phasOm'n5::>j/ V elab.

    maaj/ (111ug/, baj/, phon/) fruit.


    S!n'VHJ
    'II

    N e lab. co 11 o q.

    co 11 o q. to save up little by little.


    :J-JV11 lil b &1 n
    c;

    ( A'W)

    mahaadlt~g/

    (khan/) N royal page.

    "'

    (~'J 'I,

    Gifl, b:Wfil) laugjli/ N a kind of sour


    '!I

    ~n b~fl'/J:::hii'J~eli'J

    lag/lcg/-khamooj/n5::>j/ V elab.

    fruit (phualJ/ for clusters; ltlug/ for individual fresh fruits; med/ for the prepared fruit).
    11l'W-61 n ~Gi 1'W
    '!I

    colloq. to pilfer.

    ~n b~n b~flbbfil-l ltlugleg/degdeeu/ N elab. colloq.


    'II

    ( 11l'W) the tree bearing such fruit. ( A'W) Uluglaan/ (khon/) N descendants.

    infants and young children (collectively). --Also


    ~

    b lllil Sl n ~611'W k8<::Jd/11)uglaan/ to have descendants.


    'II

    b~nn~:::'leJI'J~eJI'J

    leg/-kradj/r::'lj/

    to be tiny,

    S! fl'Vi'JLJ
    '~~

    ( A'W)
    'II

    lOughUapii/ (khon/) com. the firstc;

    very small.
    v

    born child, eldest child.


    611l'H'W
    'II 'll

    b~fl'Weli'J

    legn5::>j/ sV 1. a little bit. 2. little by

    ( 61 n ) lOughin/ (111ug/) N agate marble(s). ( S! n ) 111ugheb/ (l11ug/)


    '!I

    little. NOTE. In mng. 2.


    v

    b~fl follows one verb,


    (1..1

    61 n bVI'U

    N hail (the hail-

    'W eJ tJ

    follows a second, often nearly synonymous


    ~

    stones).
    ~flbVI:W'W
    'II 'II

    verb, as in bfl'U
    l11ugm~n/(l11ug/)

    bflfl~61:W'Weli'J

    and

    ~n b&llHJ::; mJ

    ')

    (61fl)
    'II

    N mothball. o

    'W eJ tJ

    in the first and third entries above.

    61flbbVI'l

    ( rl'J)

    l11ugl]ee/ (tua/)

    N a calf of the

    Ll1lfl':;1 ... L~n~atJ too/kwaa:::: ... legn5::>V a


    little bit bigger than.

    water buffalo.
    61flelel'W
    'II

    (A'W,rl'J)

    lfiug?~::>n' (khon/,tua/)

    N 1.

    b~ n:l-11 n b&1 n "1


    c;

    legm~ag/ V to be very small, minute.

    baby, infant, very young child (khon'). 2. very young animal (tua/).
    ~

    legleg/ small' little.

    o bb:J-J 61 n eJ el'W ( A'W, Iii 'J )


    '!I

    medOug?~;:m/

    (khon/, tua/)

    "1 legleg/n5::>jn5::>j/ e 1 a b. trifling, slight. ,.. b~fl bVel~ legch~8' V 1. to lecture. N 2. lecture,

    b ~ n "]'W eJ tJ

    490

    esp. in the classroom. [f. Eng.]

    ,.,

    female secretary.
    b~ ~ in

    bfl'tJ

    (tJi'd,'fTW'd'W,1'li1,"lJtl) l@eg' N 1. numeral,

    ~n L~ ~

    ( A'W) nagleeu' (khon')

    N 1. rogue,

    number, figure (tual, camnuan'). 2. arithmetic (wfchaa'). 3. arithmetic problem


    (kh~b').

    rascal, gambler. 2. bold person, sporting person. 3. big-hearted person. 4. person who is

    AA b 61 "lJ
    d

    khfdl@eg' V to calculate, compute, figure.

    bAS 8 ~-- adding machine, calculating machine,

    b ~'I leu' V to take aim.


    I

    ...

    an authority on something.
    q

    computer.
    L'l'tllJ..b~"lJ (;8) coodl@eg'

    b'Y'l ~ L~'I ph@uleu' V 1. to take aim. 2. to focus

    (kh~o')

    N arithmetic

    one's mind or attention on.


    b~'I LVi'W leu'hen' V to see, foresee.

    problem.
    til'd b61"LJ ( ti11, t:(1'W 'd'W) tual~eg' (tua', camnuanl)

    L~

    leu'* slang voice.

    to reprove, scold, chide with a loud

    N numeral, figure.
    't1 A b61 "lJ th6dl@eg' V 1. a r it h. to carry a number

    b~tH;H;'I
    slang L~A in
    ...

    L~lJ'I)

    slau 1 16uleu 1 (slau 1 )

    (in addition). 2. to figure (on scratch paper).


    L m b61 "lJ ( 9l.tJ'\.J)

    loud noise (e.g. of quarreling, debating). V to slip or sneak (in,

    thooral@eg' (chaoob')

    N tele-

    "' 8 A ledl!bd' L~A~

    gram, cablegram.
    L61 "lJ Arnl11 ( 1 'li1) l@egkhanid' (w ichaa')

    out, through, etc.), move secretly and quietly. N arithb ~'W leen' N very wet mud, mud and water (as in

    metic.
    d L~"LJA l~egkhti'
    I

    a swampy place). N odd number. N even number. L~'W l@nl* V 1. to play. 2. idiom. to play around with, busy oneself with (see example below). sV 3. for fun, for amusement. playing.
    I

    b~ "lJ A
    'U

    l~egkhllu'

    d &\;:J l~egthti'h.as 'tbhog' ' L~"LJ'tl number 56.

    n 1 ~-- game; play,

    L61"LJ6b'IJA

    (til'd,el'W) l@egpeed' (tual,?an')

    N the
    'U

    b A~ 8 'I-- toy, toys, playthings.

    short vowel marker

    ( '") .

    -s y n. l~l ~;.

    o L"LJ1V8'\.J L~'Wn'Vl~1'\.J khawcMob'l@nkulaab'l He likes to grow roses.


    n ~:::;A 1'W b 61'WA~'W
    d

    L61"LJ61'1fil'U l@eg'lamdab' N ordinal number. L61"LJ'Vl'W 'd lJ l@egnuajl N cardinal number.


    L~"lJ'V!d-J1lJ,

    '

    ( Ut'.J'W)

    kradaan/J.@nkhl9Yn' (phen')

    'V!d-J1lJ L61"LJ

    l~egm~ajl,

    maajl@eg' N

    N surfboard.
    "lJ 8 H

    numeral, number.
    1'lf1 L~"LJ ( 1'li1) wfchaal~eg' (wfchaa')

    ~'W

    ( 8 ~ 1 'I ,
    .

    ~'W)

    kh5oul@n' (jaau'. chfn') N


    LA~

    N arithd
    ~

    toy, playthmg. -See Note 2 under


    "lJ L&l'W
    I

    8 'I

    metic.
    L61 "lJ 1 ( A'W)
    leekh~a'

    khlill~nl

    to ride for pleasure.

    (khon')

    N 1. co 11 o q. secre2. 1 it. writing;

    "lJ L61'W khtil@nl V to be given to playing, to be

    tary; short for

    L61"LJ 1~n 1 ~.

    playful.
    'U 8 b ~'W
    d,

    chiefly in the following derivative.

    ( 'iiti)

    ch9Yl~nl

    (ch9Y')

    N nickname.

    'Y'l~:::; ~ 1VVll11 bl L61"LJ1 ( 9l.tJ'\.J) phrar.ad'chahadtha:::


    leekhaa' (chabab') N roy. the king's writings.
    L61"LJ1Sn1~

    b ~'W b 61'W dddnl@nl to go for a stroll, walk for

    pleasure.
    J.,

    (A'W) leekMa'thikaan' (khon')

    N sec-

    'W 'I L~'W n.ul@n' to be just sitting, sitting relaxing,

    retary of a large organization (i.e. one holding a position of authority), secretary-general.


    b~ "lJ 1S n 1 ~ n 'Y'l . leekhaa'thfkaan'- koophoo' N

    sitting enjoying oneself.


    J., ,.,

    o 'V!8 'I'W ~ L~'W ( 'V!8 'I )

    h~u'n.ul@n' (h~u ')

    N lounge

    (as in a hotel or school).


    L~'W b ~'W penl@nl playfully; nonchalantly; triflingly. 'Y ..,'lA
    L~'W

    Secretary-General of the Civil Service Commission.


    LWtJ 16 n 1 s J-J'Vl11'tl lJ 16lrJ ( A'W) leekh~a'thikaan'-

    phfiudl@nl to speak playfully, say (some-

    thing) in fun, to jest.


    d b'Y'lti'Wb~'W

    maMa'wfdthajaalaj' (khon')
    b61 "lJ 1'Wn 1 S ( A'W)

    N registrar. (khon') N secre-

    (A'W) ph9anl@n 1 (khon')


    ~

    N playmate.

    tary (in an office).


    6~ "lJ 1'W n 1 ~ij ( A'W) leekhaa'nukaalrinii' (khonl)

    '

    leekh~a'm1kaan'

    1~1 ~ b ~'W
    I

    m.jcMjl@n' colloq. quite.

    b ~'Wn 1 ~'Y'l'W'W l~n'kaanphanan' V to ?amble, engage

    '

    in gambling.

    491

    bii'ltl b Fl HJ HbliH bfl'U


    d "'

    @)

    bii1'Wll1~ bl.Jen l~n'kaanmyan' V to play politics.


    I

    ( 'tilil) q

    kht1antenhb' (cMd')

    b61'W ~ 1'W

    l~nuaan'

    V colloq. 1. to hit, strike,

    manicure set.

    attack, hurt. 2. to scold. 3. to take serious measures against.


    I "-'

    "' b'Yl1 bfl'U "' "' bSI'UJ.Ja


    'd 1 b~'U

    "' lebtMaw' (leb') ( bSI'U) "' (bfl'U)


    lebmyy'(leb')

    N toenail.
    N fingernail.

    bfl'W'ti l~nchuu' V (a woman) to commit adultery. 'U


    I I

    ( il'W, 'd 1 b~'U) wonleb' (?an', wonleb') N

    bfl'W'1.ia'W'Vl1
    I
    <J

    l~n's~~mhaal
    l~n'dontriil

    V to play hide-and-seek.
    "-'

    1. parenthesis. V 2. to parenthesize, put in parentheses.

    b61'Wlil'Wiil S
    I "-'

    V to play (music). 'Wll--

    musician. b 61'Wiil 'd


    l~ntua'

    "'l:W leml V 1. to graze (of cattle), to nibble, browse. bii'


    V idiom. to play hard to get, 2. to cut a little (e.g. hair).

    act as though reluctant. b61'Wii11


    I

    "' :W l?lem' V 1. to nibble. 2. to do little blSI::; bfl


    by little, do gradually. b Sld-.1 l@ml* C elf. for sharp-pointed objects (e.g. knives, axes, pins, needles, swords, etc.); for candles, books, carts, et al. bfl tJ cards. idiom. to balk; to
    <9J

    l~ntaal

    V to flirt with the eyes.

    b61'W'W'1 l~nnaam' V to play in the water.


    I

    bfl'W'I'1'd ll bSI'W'Y'W

    l~nphO.ag'l@nph6on'

    V e lab. ..... Also b61'W

    colloq. to indulge in favoritism.


    'l'l 1 n co 11 o q.

    l88j' V 1. to be beyond. sV 2. (utterly) and

    b ~'W 1~

    l~nphftjl V to play b ~'W 1~'8 lil l~n'maajbld' V


    bSl'WSl::oFl~

    then some, exceedingly. 3. at all (after a negative). sV 4. on, onward, further. AA 5. so, then, consequently.
    o
    "' J(

    worm out of (a commitment). l@n'lakhoon' V 1. to act, play, put on 'Wll-"-'

    bfl tl'U 1'W'W1LJ b1J'W'Yl'lJ 8 H n'tl ~Vl:Wlil l<}<}j'b.annfi~ pajl---penth1:i'kh;";onrawtMnmod1 ~ All the prop-

    ,"i

    an act, a play.
    I '-'

    actor, actress.

    bSI'W~'W l@nlfnl V idiom. to deflect the point of

    a remark or criticism by a clever or witty reply. bfl'W 'd 1 'd l@nw.w' V to fly kites.
    I "-'

    erty beyond this house is ours. "' o bFln::::Vl~~1 bfltl khr:S?diilcaul8<}j'~ How awfully lucky!
    o

    1:W'"" lil b 61 tJ
    at all.
    V

    m. jdii '188V not at all good, not good


    A

    bSl'W'Vl'd l@nhi:ia' V to laugh and play. bSI'W b a 1


    cl"
    l@nl?aw~
    I
    .;v

    V co 11 o q. to make, cause to.


    I

    o FID!.l'l:::: !i18 ~ blil'W bfl tJ 1 LJ 8 ll bl'W'W'Vl'W ~ khuncat~Ud88n~ q


    l88jl-paj?ligthanOn'nyu~ You'll have to walk one

    &

    o tJ 1'W bSI'W b a 1 ~'W 1 'd 1'Wa'W jaalnfil

    l@nl-?aw~

    chan'n(lannoon' ~ This medicine makes me sleepy. b61'W b a 1 b Q[i) l@nl?awth8<}d' catch.


    d
    I

    block further.

    o t:JJ.J"l:::: b Sltl 1LJ'U1'W b'\'l8'W'lJa~ t:JJ.J pMmcal<}<}jl-paj~

    '-'

    to play tag, play

    Man'phgankh;";ouph15m' ~ I will then go on to my friend's house.


    ~
    I

    'd 1 bSI'W wtnl@n' V to run and play (as children). i:id-J'Fi ~ b ~'W samagll@nl
    I I

    o 'd 1'Will:w6i'U 1 tJ

    b61 tl'W a'W 'I'H 'd'W waanlnfi m.jsa~

    to be amateur.
    J.,

    baajl->-l88jnoon'thauwan' Yesterday I was sick, so I was in bed all day.

    81'W bSI'W ?aanl@n' V to read for pleasure.


    o

    Vl1T~~a~1'Wb~'W
    "'
    "'

    b~:W)

    nansY"YI?aanl@n' {l@m')

    'tl ~ ll ~:::: 1 ~ bii1 tJ ch.ukrarajl<}8j' How could he!


    How come? (expressing reproach, indignation).

    N a book for light reading (as a novel, fiction).

    b61'W'1.1, bGl'Wi:i Eng.]

    ( iJ'W) len', lens' (?ani)

    N lens. [f.

    LJ~ 8 tJ 1;;- b61 t:J li11 :W bSl tJ pl~V- Mjl88j'taaml88j'


    co 11 o q. to let the thing g:> even though it is wrong.
    I

    bSI'W'Wllnlilleeninkra.ad' pN Leningrad. [f.Eur.] b~'U ( b ~'U) leb' (lebl) N 1. nail {of the finger or toe). 2. claw. fl 'd

    bSl tJ Waul88jl 1. to pass by, elapse. 2. to go

    beyond, pass beyond. Sl:::: b 61 tJ la? 'l88j' to neglect. bii1 tJ S ~ l88j'thou' V idiom. to go too far, to exceed moderation.

    '" kronleb' N claws (when spread out). n ~ 1 bSl'U


    J( "' b'lJt:J 'db fl'U khtaw'leb' N 1. fangs and claws. 2.

    co 11 o q. power to destroy.

    492
    LfW 1.!:!

    lddV pN Loei, a township in NE Thailand.


    J.,

    L 61~ L'fl::; le?'the?l V to be messed up, disorderly.


    L~1
    L~1

    Liil'J leew' V tobebad,poor(inquality),low(inqual-

    ~
    1.!:!

    (l'lhl) law'(Wn')

    N akindofgrass.

    ity, character, etc.). -+Syn. eleg. -+Ant. ~.


    ( flhl)

    'IJ'J com., '11S1:J.J

    law' C elf. for reed instruments. in 611 A L ~ 1


    l~adlaw'

    b611 m

    N 1. situation, layout

    mn S L~ 'J

    thaManleewl (khon') N ordinary

    (as it bears upon some future move, course of action). 2. clue, sign, trace.
    L~ 1
    ~ l~w'
    I

    soldier (i.e. witbout rank).


    fHJ L~ 'J myy'leew' V 1. to be a poor hand (at

    V to tell (a story, happening), narrate.

    some activity). N 2. a poor hand, a poor player. ---Opp. !JeJ~.


    b ~ 'd '11 S 1 :J.J leewsaam' V to be bad, vile, low, base. b iil 'J iil ~ leew 1lon to become worse, get worse. L~ 'Yl
    V

    'U eJ n b f11 b~ogl~w' V to tell, relate (by word of

    mouth}.
    L f11 ~ eJ l~w::: ... c~o'

    1. to talk, tell (about)

    endlessly. 2. to relate eloquently.


    Lf1 TW'fl1h! l~wnfthaan' L ~ 1 b rtJh!
    I
    .<:!:1

    ( L f1 'Yl) l@el (l@e')


    I

    N trick, deception.

    V to tell a story, a legend.


    .<:!:1

    0'

    L~1b~'Yl

    dtwl@e' V colloq. to be crooked,


    I
    0"'

    l~wrian' V to study.
    I I

    dishonest, tricky (of people).


    I
    v'

    L f1161eJ as in

    'U 1 'J Lf11f1 eJ

    ( L s eJ ~)

    ..J

    khaaw'l~wlyy'

    b61'Yln

    s::;

    L'fi'Yl

    ( eJ tJ 1 ~ ) l@e'kratMe' (jaan')
    I
    0"'

    N
    L f11

    (~a:g')
    1.!:!
    l~w'

    N rumor.

    flo1-- rumor(s).

    trick, cunning, deceit.


    I.,....

    Pt particle with mildly entreative or


    f1::;

    o '111 L ~'Yln S::; L'fi'Yl thaml@e'krath@e' to act cunningly, practise cieception or intrigue.
    I

    corroborative force, similar to

    iJcw 1 b~ 1 m ina.atia.w No wonder! -+Also SJ'W 1 ~ ~ .


    Lbf1 'J . L~ 1 ... ltew' ... l~w'

    0'

    L~'Yln~
    liT'

    (eJtJ1~)

    l@ekon' (jaan')
    I

    N trick. N trick,

    1. (with verbs}

    biil'Ylb'Y161li:W

    (eJll1~)

    l@eliam' (jaan')

    again and again, time and again, on and on. 2. (with classifiers) from one ... to another; one ... after another. o L ~ elhlbl~ 'J b ~ elh! L f11 tyanltew'tyanl~w' V e 1 a b. c o 11 o q. to warn time and again. o fl s ~ LW 'd fl s ~ b611
    a:; "" a:;
    khraultew'khranl~w'

    cunning angle or pitch (as in advertising, trading).


    Liil'Yliil ~ leelan' V to auction.
    L61 eJ in the following entries.

    b~ eJ 19l.:J.J ldd'chOom' V 1 it. to be very beautiful,

    e 1 a b.

    of great beauty, of incomparable beauty.


    L 61 eJ L~ r'l ldd'l~dd' V 1. to be great, incomparable,

    c_o 11 o q. again and again, time and again, time after time.
    ~
    V cl

    unsurpassable. sV 2. excellently, exquisitely, extremely.


    L iil
    I

    o 51

    bl1'\Hb~ 'd

    51 bl1h! L iil1 sathi1anii'ltew'- sathaanii':::

    lftw' e 1 a b. co 11 o q. (from) station to station, V to be of the highest rank.


    d

    a~n

    i ldd'sag'

    (from) one station to another, station after station.


    I

    L~ eJ f11 15dl~a' V 1. to have a confused or excited

    expression or manner (as when bewildered, out of place, overwrought, frightened, excited). sV 2. excitedly. 3. intruding unwittingly.
    LiileJ::; 18?1 V to be dirty, splattered (as with ink),

    elh! ~ L ~ 1 Lf11 ( L ~ 1)
    q_,

    ?anyu'l~w'

    and, also, besides. N pen, coop, enclosure

    law' (law')
    q_, I

    (for animals).

    messy, soiled.
    '111 L ~ eJ::; thamh~?/ V to soil, dirty, mess, muddle.

    N e 1 a b. colloq. children (esp. young children).

    L;1l n ( L;1)

    lawkajl (law')

    N chicken coop.

    L~EJ::; L'fleJ::;

    la?th6 1 V 1. to be dirty, soiled, messy,

    L;116l:w 1aw1oom' V to console, soothe, appease.

    disorderly. 2. co 11 o q. (someone) to be mixed up, confused.


    L61 eJ::; L ~ elh! la?lyan' V to be unclear, blurred,

    L ~ 1::; !;)?/ V 1. to skirt, go along the edge of.

    2.

    to remove stitches, take the hem out.


    ~

    ~A

    L iil1::;

    lad15?1 V to skirt and take shortcuts.

    faded, vague.
    L~::;

    L~ n ~

    15dg' V to quit, finish, be through, be over;

    le?l V 1. to be mushy. 2. to be reduced to a paste, become paste-like.

    to end, discontinue; to give up; to break up.


    'U eJ n L ~ n b~og'l~dg' V 1. to revoke.

    2. to give

    L~n

    493
    inquiries. 2. to cross-examine.
    bfW L~ t.J
    ~

    notice of termination (of an agreement). 3. to cancel (a subscription, membership, reservation).


    t.J n L ~ n j 6gl~<lg/ V to cancel, nullify.
    d
    ~

    ltan/ V to sneak away; to evade, avoid. Han/ V 1. to feed, nourish. 2. to take care of, look after, keep. 3. to treat (i.e. provide a treat for). 4. to tame, domesticate.

    L~nll'W l~<lg/kan V 1. co 11 o q. (married people)

    n1 s--

    to be separated, divorced. 2. to break off friendship, dealings with each other. 3. that's all; we've finished (commonly used in ending a telephone conversation).
    b~n fl 'l n 1 ~ l~<lg/kldcakaan/ to quit the business,

    feast, banquet; feeding, taking care of. A'W- person who takes care of, looks after (a pet, a child); person who provides a treat.
    ~ ~

    o BJ J..l'l ~ b ~ t.J
    ~

    ~ ~bl!.A

    'J'W phi:Smcalfan/khun/- khraaw::


    1:!

    nfi/~ I'll treat you this time.

    give up a business.
    L ~ nA [i1 l~<lgkhfd/

    n 1 s L~ t.J ~'W'1'111

    ..,

    ( Fl s ~) kaanlfan/namchaa/ (khran/)

    v to give up the idea, stop

    N tea party.
    'li'U b ~ t.J ~ chublfan/ V to foster, raise, rear (esp. q
    ~

    thinking about something.


    b ~ nrl'W l@egtMb/ V to withdraw (troops from

    children who are not one's own).


    Lliln
    <:

    the fighting zone).


    L ~ n'Yl16i l~<lgtMad/ V to abolish slavery.
    b ~ n')II [i1 'W l~ClgphOud/kan 1. to be through (with
    'U

    L~t.J~un~

    (A'W)

    deg/lfankf::?/ (khon/) N 1.

    shepherd boy. 2. one who cries wolf.


    'W eJ ~ L~ t.J ~
    ~

    ( A'W)

    n5;:,nlian/ (khon/) N younger

    one's conversation). 2. to be not on speaking terms. 3. to be out of the question (i.e. dismissed from discussion).

    sibling related through one parent, through a stepparent, or by adoption; hence a younger half brother, stepbrother, foster brother, half sister, etc.
    'W 1 L~ t.J
    ";:
    ~

    "' L~n ~ 1 ~ l~<lgraan/ V to be divorced, separated. ..,


    cancel.
    Vi'W ~ b ~n n~n/l~<lg/ the show (movie} is over.
    b ~n lB

    Lfin 61:W l~<lgl6m/ V to give up, abandon, abolish,

    namlfan/ N 1. sap. 2. bi o 1. culture

    solution.
    0

    'U

    1; ~ L~ t.J ~
    ~

    bamrun/1 fan/ V to feed, nourish,

    l~ag/ V to lift, lift up, raise (thereby re-

    foster, take good care of.


    ~liiH~t.J'l

    vealing what was covered; used esp. of cloth, clothing).

    (A'W)

    budlfan/ (khon/) N eleg. step-

    "' L~nFh l~<lgkhfw/ V to raise the eyebrows.


    b ~ n 61 n l~gl~g/*
    ~

    ~
    I

    child; adopted child.


    Jf Jf

    -s y n.

    See

    ~
    'U

    n L~ t.J

    Jt

    com.

    b'U t.J bf1 t.J ~


    '1'1 eJ L~ t.J ~

    bialian / N allowance (for food).


    ( A'W)

    J.,

    v to have a bewildered, anxious,

    ph!blfan/ (khon/) N stepfather;

    or shocked expression or manner.


    L ~'W b~ eJ laanl~a/ V to be careless, negligent. L~A l~ad/ V to be excellent, best, top.
    d

    foster father.
    '1'1 Lf1 t.J ~
    Jf

    ( A'W)

    phtilfan/ (khon/)

    N 1. nursemaid,

    nurse. 2. sports

    one who manages, trains,

    'li'W~ b~A

    chana?/l~ad/ V 1. to win the cham-

    or tends an athlete. 3. older sibling related through one parent, through a stepparent, or by adoption; hence an older half brother, stepbrother, foster brother, half sister, etc.
    I

    pionship. N 2. championship.
    v~illi1 6 ~A chanfd/l~ad/ of the best quality.
    BJ ~ b fi A phi:Snl~ad/ the best result. b ~A~ elt.J l~adl;:,;:,j/ V 1. to be excellent, superla-

    bb:W b ~ t.J
    Jf

    Jf

    -:j

    A'W)

    m~dian/

    (khon/) N stepmother;

    tive. sV 2. highly, to the highest degree.


    b ~ t.J lia/ V 1. to lick. 2. slang

    foster mother.
    S! n b ~ t.J ~
    'U

    to seek favors

    ( A'W) lGuglfan/ (khon/)


    ~

    N 1. stepchild. -Syn.

    by flattering or fawning.
    L~ t.J See
    d

    2. adopted child.
    vcu

    -+Dist.
    Jf
    ~

    61nlii'J.
    'U
    q

    1 f1 b 61 t.J
    b~t.J~BJ1
    (lll'J) liaupMa/(tua/)

    f1 n 'UblJ fi ss J..J , 'U Iii Sb


    q
    'I

    t.J

    , 'U Iii ~ 'Ub\! fi ss :w e l e g.


    'I

    b~~H

    <9J

    in

    N goat

    b ~t.J ~ bb'/Jn
    Jf

    lfankhf::eg/ V to give a banquet; to feast. to

    antelope, goral (Naemorhedus goral).

    b ~ t.J 'l V'W 'v'i1-- Hanchtib/, Ma/lfanchtib/ v

    b~t.J~

    lB in

    1~ b~tH l~jlian/

    V 1. to make detailed

    make a living.

    494
    b 6HJ H1 lianduu' V 1. to raise, bring up. 2. to
    'U

    Jt

    Fl A b~an LAtJ l~ b ~

    ..,

    "'

    khadl~ag'

    V to choose, select, sort out,

    take care of, look after. 3. co 11 o q. to feast. -+Alsoinmng.3


    Jt
    ~

    pick out.

    bff~HA'lJb~a
    'U'U

    elab.colloq.

    an~bl!'l.i1AJl1"el-1 dooj'-m!ljl~ag'-san::::

    b ~ tJ HI 'd lfan'tua' V 1. co 11 o q. to balance one-

    ch!lad' phaasaa' regardless of language or nationality.

    self. 2. to support oneself, earn a living. -+Syn. m ~M'd.

    LAO l~ b~ anV!~1 doojl-m!ljl~ag'nlla'


    to be untameable.

    without dis-

    l'd, b~ tJ ~ :JH 'I.HH


    Jt
    J/
    V I

    lfan 1 m.1jch~an'

    crimination; without excepting anyone.

    b61 tJ ~ l 'd A b61'W lian'wajduul@n' to keep, raise


    'U

    l;i''U b~an b~'W


    b ~an Fl
    "' I

    dAjn1b'l~ag'-pen::::

    V to be elected,

    (e.g. a pet) for one's pleasure in watching (it).


    b !il tJ ~

    chosen (something, e.g. chairman).


    l~agkh(tu' l~agtftn'

    J/

    61 ~ Hanson' V to give a farewell party.


    ~

    V to find a mate.

    b61 tJ ~ 611i1 'J lfansad' V to raise, breed animals.

    Jt

    "' \ b ~an lil ~


    o

    to choose, elect.

    n 1 ~-V to

    n 1 s- - - animal husbandry.
    .. Jt 611i1 d b!il tJ
    ~

    election. N domesticated
    "' ~ 5 1 fi1v~ S"'U b ~an liH b1J'W

    M d)

    sadl fan' (tua')

    d.1jrab'l~agtftn'-pen::::

    animal; pet.
    b~ tJ'W lian' V to imitate, copy.

    be elected (something, e.g. president).


    ..... ell

    o 'd'W b~an lil


    ;t :

    Q...'

    ( 'J'W)

    wan'l~agt.1n'

    (wan')

    6Hl b~tJ'W 15olian' V to mock, ridicule by mimicry.


    b~tJ'Wll'U'U lianbeeb' V to copy, imitate. l61 tJ'W
    ...

    election day. o i:i'f11l


    "'
    b~anlil~
    ~ ~

    sld'l~agtftn'

    N right to vote;

    C9J

    ltan' V to be cleared away until nothing


    ...

    eligibility to vote.
    b 61 an 'f1 s- n:wn 'fltH l~ag'thtirag'-mag'thtichan'
    d..,
    ~

    is left.

    d_y

    ~ 1 b~ tJ'W (ii'W) pMaltan' (chin') N plain cotton

    ...

    e lab. co 11 o q. to show partiality, show favoritism, play favorites; to be partial in one's likes and dislikes.
    Ulan b'W'W l9agfm' V to choose, select carefully. b~an b a 1 l~agl?aw:::: to choose, select. b~an b a 1 b a~ l~ag'?aw?een'l Make your own
    "' v

    fabric (without any design). -Op p. l f.W'W


    d

    1 rHJ n .

    llJ
    ~

    ltan' V to be greasy (to the taste).


    b6W'W ?aahaan'ltan' N greasy food.
    d

    iJ 11~1

    b ~tJ'U ltab' V to go along the edge of, to skirt. b ~tJ'U b AtJ ~ ltabkhian' V to speak in a roundabout

    manner in order to draw a person out.


    b6WJ.J ltam' V 1. to plate, cover, be plated, covered
    d

    selection! Take your pick! l~8~


    d

    l~an'

    V to spread widely, be spread widely.

    with a thin sheet of metal. 2. to enframe, be enframed with a thin strip of metal.
    d ~ b61tJJ.Jb~'W

    -+Chiefly in the following entries.


    l~a~'ila~a'W1:W l~anch~'lyynaam'
    d "'

    V 1. (people,

    l!amn;:m'

    V 1. to plate, cover, be

    every one) to talk about (it), spread (it) around: "spread the name." 2. to be well-known, famous, widely spoken of. -+Also
    "' ld ~a~~

    plated, covered with a thin sheet of silver. 2. to enframe, be enframed with a thin strip of silver.
    UW 'l lfaw' V to turn (and proceed in another direcJt

    ~ 8~a.

    l~anlyy'

    V 1. (people, everyone) to speak

    (of), spread far and wide. 2. to be spread far and wide, widely known.
    0
    b~a~~a~::::'Ua

    tion); to veer.
    !il A b ~ tJ 'J 16dlfaw' V 1. (a path) to wind, be windJt

    "'

    "'

    l~anlyy'rabyy'

    idem.

    ing. 2. to follow a winding path.


    b 61 tJ 'J '1.1 'J 1 lfawkhwaa' to turn right.
    ~

    li:itH

    l~a~~a

    "'

    ( b ~u

    ~) sian'l~anlyy' (sian')
    h~lil
    eleg.

    Jt

    N rumor.

    Vl'lb~tJ'J

    J/

    (ll'l-H) hi1alfaw'(hen')
    Q...o'

    N corner(of

    l~8fi1 l~ad' N com. blood. --+Syn.


    n 8'W l ~a A ( n a'W)
    v v
    A

    a street).
    Q...'

    V!'J b~U'JV!'JilHJ

    a--

    k!'lonl~ad' (k!'lon') N blood clot.


    V colloq. fig.

    (lila'W) hlialiaw'huat:'lo' (toon')

    CJ

    n'Wl~aAn'Wb'Wa

    d'

    kinl~ad'kinnya'

    N e 1 a b. transition, turning point. l ~an l~ag' V to choose, pick out, select, elect.

    to eat someone up alive (as with anger).

    'Wa~ l~ali1 noon'l~ad' V to be bloody, covered with


    blood, sanguinary.

    n 1 s--- selection, choice.

    495
    'U 1 b ~ eJ 171 Ma'l1ad' V to be blood-crazed.

    ...

    faded, vague.
    b ~ El'W~ 1 'l lyanlaa:u' V to be vague, indistinct.

    L~ eJ 171 no1 L1711 l9"adkamdawl N writ

    a nosebleed. -+Syn.
    "' J' ...

    b~J171'!.(1L1711 colloq.

    ...

    blood from

    L6l eJ 171 'IJ'W VI'W 1 11ad'kh1nna.a' (the) blood rushes to

    l "' El'W
    ~

    b~J'WVI1t.J

    "'

    lyanMajl V to fade away.

    ~ ( L~ :1../, A'W) l9"an/ (l@ml, khan/) V 1. to move,

    one's face (with anger). l ~ eJ 1711i11 b6 'fl'U n ~::; b 171'1..!


    "' <;

    move along, slide, shift, change position. 2. to idiom. be promoted. 3. to postpone. N 4. sled.
    6l eJ b~ el'W
    d
    ~

    11adtaalth~bkraden'

    with so much effort, with the greatest trouble (such that the blood almost comes out one's eyes). .., b~ eJ 171'1..!"1 b 1711 11adnamdaw' N co 11 o q. blood from a nosebleed. -+S y n.
    b~v171n
    "' 0

    ( A'W) l:S:>l9"an/ (khan')

    N vehicles (col-

    lective term) .
    J' 11an'kh1n' V to move up, rise (in rank), b "' ~ el'W'IJ'W

    161711 writ.

    be promoted.
    b ~ v'WJ'W 11anchan/
    d ' ...

    L~J171 L'lfv L:irvl'IJ

    19"adnya'chyakMjl elab. (one's)

    to be promoted to a higher

    flesh and blood (usually ref. to one's children or grandchildren).


    "' b ~ eJ 171 &-'

    step, grade, level."


    b6lJ'W11i"1Lb'Vl'W'l
    v

    (1VI)
    '

    Wan'tamnE::u'-(Mj::::) V to

    l 'W eJ b'tJ eJ 6118 11adnya'chyasi1ajl e 1 a b. (one's)

    promote to a higher position. o 1A b~El'Wiilo166VI'W'l da.jl9"anltamnE::u' V to be promoted.


    d L~ eJ'WfJ r'l
    d

    flesh and blood, i.e. descendants.


    b~ eJ 171 b ~'W l9"adjen/ V to be cold- blooded (as of

    fish, reptiles). J81 'l--

    cold-bloodedly.

    11anj6d' V to promote, be promoted to

    b ~ eJ 171 ~ el'W l9"adr:S::m/ V 1. to be warm- blooded

    "'

    ..,

    a higher rank.

    (as of animals, birds). 2. to be hot-tempered, quick-tempered, hot-blooded, impetuous.

    b~el:W

    "'

    d 6 ~ eJ 'W ~ eJ 8

    l9"anb:>jl V to drift (as one's thoughts).

    ~ (El'W) l9"am' (?ani) N 1. sequin. V 2. to be


    glossy, lustrous.
    ~
    d

    d1 eJ 1711 VI~

    l9"adlb'l:jl V to bleed.
    ~"
    d

    b ~ eJ 171 eJ eJ n 11ad?~;,gl V to bleed. 611t.J b ~ eJ 171 s.1iajl9"ad' N color (referring to ros-

    b1J'W:W'W

    b~El:W

    penmanll9"am/ to be glossy, lustrous.

    b~EJ:W161 l9"amsi1jl V 1. to be thoroughly convinced,

    iness of complexion).

    be impressed, believe whole-heartedly. 2. to have faith in. A'.l1 :W-inclination to believe. devoutly.
    b ~ eJ tJ
    ;}[ d

    ~bbA'l 6~JA'i.ln siidtJ'l1adn6g' N 1. bright red.


    V 2. to be bright red.

    faith, confidence, an
    el81 'l-- devotedly,

    ~L~eJAVI:W siil9"admuu' N 1. dark red, maroon. 'II


    V 2. to be dark red, maroon-colored.

    -s y n.

    r'l ; 'l1S 1 , L~ eJ ~ eJ

    "-'

    c{l'W, el'W)

    l9"ajl N 1. saw (p1Yfl 1, ?an 1 ). V 2.

    ... "' LGi'W L6l eJ A

    ( LGi'W) s@nl9"adl (s@nl) N blood vessel.

    to saw.
    'IJ b 6l J tJ khti19"ajl N sawdust.
    ~

    VI'W 1 l ~ eJ 171 na.a'l1ad' V idiom. to be selfish and

    hard-hearted (as a merchant who overcharges); to be a bloodsucker.

    o Vl'.l'IJL6lJ8 huakhtil9"ajl V colloq. tohavethe head filled with sawdust, i.e. to be stupid, unintelligent.
    d '

    ;}[ d

    ... "' Vlel l 6l eJ A h~bl9"adl

    V 1. to be bruised; to have a

    hematoma. N 2. hematoma.
    el:!H ~ eJ AeJ:Wt:J 1 A ?oml9"adl?omtaad/ V e 1 a b.

    1~ H
    d

    6l J 8
    ~

    ( 1H , b6 VI 'l)
    d

    roo:ul9"aV (roon'. h'E::u') N

    sawmill.
    L6l eJ 8 ~ n ~
    "-'

    colloq. (the face) to have good color, a clear, healthy complexion.


    L~ el'W lyan' V to fade away, blur; to be blurred, vague. L~

    ( LA :i eJ i )

    l9"ajdtg' (khr1au ') N motor-

    driven saw.

    eltJ lyajl V 1. to crawl (of snakes). 2. to creep,


    climb (of plants). -+Dist.

    6l1Jb~J'W

    16blyan/ V to" fade away; to become

    blurred and indistinct (as with the wear of time).

    l~ b

    A6l1'W,l~.

    eJ lJ

    ( ;'W, Lbl1)

    maajlyajl

    (t~n', tMw')

    ~:1../ 6~ el'W lyymlyan' V 1. to be forgotten, to be


    faded (from memory). 2. (the memory) to fade away. l ~ eJ::: 6 ~ el'W 18?lyan' V to be unclear, blurred, 6661

    vine, liana, creeper. "' "-' 61'1i1'.l6~J8A~1'W (rl'.l) sad'lyajkhlaan 1 (tua') reptile.
    0J

    1' V to see, watch, look.

    496
    lilllii1 duulee' V to look after, take care of, tend,
    'U

    ll~'W 1'U
    ll~'U

    ltnbajl V to sail.

    supervise.

    ~--

    superintendent, overseer,

    bb6i'W b! eJ ltnrya' V to sail, run a boat.

    caretaker, keeper.

    lteb' V 1. to flash (as lightning). 2. to project,


    be showing.

    ~'U 6661 ( el'W) lablee' (?an') N portable screen.


    ll611ii leeduu' V to look.

    . Ulil bVl'W leehen'


    'U

    '11 bbfil'U
    v

    {1) faallteb'; (2) faalteb' 1. (lightning) to

    V to see.

    flash. N 2. lightning; a flash of lightning.


    ll~'U~'W

    bV!~ tJ 'l 66~ l law lee' V to care; to pay attention.


    66~

    lteblfn' V to put out the tongue.


    ltebl?~~gmaa'

    l!:l

    lee' Pt particle having emphatic or corroborative force. -+Also


    bb'V!~,

    U~'UeJeJll:W1

    to project, stick out,

    show.
    bb~

    fi'!Tn llii1 dii'naglee' very very good, excellent,

    'l lew' V 1. to be finished.

    sV 2. already. Cj

    magnificent.
    bb~

    3. then, afterwards, later.


    66~::;

    lee' Cj and. -+More commonly

    'lv;;;

    bb;'l Q'W'l ::;'ff11;

    c~'-lewchan'-catham 1 :::

    tl'Wbbiiill'W kanlleekan' one another, each other.


    ..

    MV! Yes, I'll do it for (you) later.


    llbb~ 'l1 'lJ k~ltew'pajl! co 11 o q. Then let it go,
    v

    bbR lte' V to slice (with horizontal motion).


    bb~ 11

    lteg' V to exchange, swap. ltegpllanl V to trade, swap, barter,

    leave it at that.
    !;;

    d b6~n b'LJ~tJ'W

    !;;

    Fl ~ ~ bb61 'l Fl ~ i b 611


    !;;

    khra:ulew'khra:ul~w'

    e 1 a b.

    exchange.
    d eJii1~16b61n b'LJ~tJ'W
    ~

    co 11 o q. again and again; time and again.


    v

    ?adtraalltegpllan' N rate of

    Fl ~'Wbb61 'l

    khranltew' then; and then.


    conltew'conr~~d'

    exchange.
    6b61ll. See 6W ~ in 61elllll61ll.

    'l'WU"l'l'l'WHllil

    colloq. on and

    on; over and over.

    ~'Wbb~ ~ , ~ 61 1 6b61 ~ dinlee:u'. silaa'lee:u' N

    ..,

    'l'UUG'l 'l

    cobltew' V to have ended, finished. diilew'L dii'ltw! That's good. as in


    bIii eJ'W 'Ylbbfil 'l dyan'thtilew' (in the)
    w

    laterite (reddish soil, soft when wet, but hard as rock and porous when dry).
    llfil ~ ltu'* V to split, break.
    bb6i i lte:u' V to be dry (as of the season), lacking

    '" lilbb61 'l


    d
    v

    ""

    'Ylbbfil 'l

    last month, the previous month.


    'WeJ n 'l 1 n bbril 'l tH ... Iii 'l tJ
    d d
    v

    n~bgcaag' ...

    lew'-

    rain, arid.
    ~'Wbb61 i

    ja:u::: ... d(lajl not only ... but also.


    bD'W'Yl6ilil 'Yl bbril 'l 9
    v

    fonlte:u' there is a drought, there is a

    pen'thtisud'thtilew' e 1 a b.

    shortage of rain.
    v

    colloq. extremely.
    'lflS eJ:WU61 'l
    v

    bjlilbb61i
    'U

    (bjlil)
    'U

    ryduulte:u' (ryduu') N eleg. dry

    phr5~mlfew'

    V to be ready, prepared.

    season.
    Vl'W 1 bb61 i
    ( Vl'W 1)
    n~alte:u' (n~a')

    'lflelbb"l'l

    ph~~lew'! That's enough.

    N colloq.

    ;ll;'l;SeJii11'lJ
    'II

    'U

    ruulew'ruur~~d'-paj

    elab.

    dry season.
    bb Vl ~ bb6i i Multe:u' V 1. to be dry, arid.

    colloq. once and for all.


    2. to be
    ;'l'W66;'J1'LJ;'JtJ ltianlew'pajdfiajl to be full of. 6b61 'l ( ) n
    v ..
    ',.

    dreary, empty of life and freshness.


    bb61 ~ 'l Iii
    'U

    ..

    ltew( ...

    )k~:::.

    ..

    and then.

    "'

    ( b 6i'W)

    ldticuud'*(s@n')

    N latitude. [f.

    o bb61 'l n V!tJ Iii


    v v .. v

    ltewk~jud'

    and then {he) stopped. and then he came.

    Eng.]
    bb6i'W ltn'* V 1. to run, move (usually of powered

    o bb6l'J b'IJ1ll:W1
    6661 'l n bb61 'J 1 'lJ

    lewkhaw'k~maa'

    ltew'k~ltew'-paj! Let bygones be

    vehicles). 2. to sail {of a boat).


    ,!.,
    I

    bygones.
    v
    w

    ti'Jbb~'W

    chOaltn' colloq. {for) a brief moment,


    ~

    U61 'J n 'W


    '" v

    <9l ,
    v

    See entries below.


    k~ltew'kan

    momentarily; momentary.
    ,!.,
    I

    mw 'J ll'W

    1. mildly hortatory ex-

    o fl'l1:WFlliiV'lbb6i'W khwaamkhfdlch(laltn' N passing fancy.

    pression: let's: you might {do such and such). Often indicates indifference: go ahead and (do such and such; it would be all the same to me). 2. that's it, that all there is to it.

    bb6i'W~b ltnchiw' to run or sail swiftly and


    smoothly, swiftly and uninterruptedly.

    bbli1 d o b'iJ'Wbb;'l tl'W penltew"kanl That's settled. That does it. That's all (i.e. we've finished what we had to say). bbiil 'l n 'W
    I

    497 0'bl!Vl1 h n bblil n ( 0'bl!Vl1, '1J J) hila", 6'ln 1~n


    'U

    ""

    panh~a"lllogthg" (pan:::

    kh~o")

    N problem which cannot be solved. 11luglllog" (11lug") N globe (depicting

    ( ~n)
    'U

    "'

    l!:J

    ltew"kanl E excl. indicating surprise

    the earth). 1 ~ n 'W S:;; eJ~ F11 s lllog"phra ?a:nkhaan" N :Mars (the planet).

    and disappointment. bb61 'l bblil ltew"d:e:::: (the choice) depends on, is up

    to, depends on whether. o o

    bb;'lbb~Fn;ll. ltew"teekhun"l ' bb;'lbb~eiJ ltewth:"sil It's


    care).

    It's up to youl up to (him)(I don't

    1iiln:W'W~J (hn) lllog"mam1d"(lllog") ' world, the earth.


    Court, World Court.

    N the

    A161161 n (A 1 ~) s~an/lllog" (s~an") N International


    81n~16'ln saa"konlalllog" N the universe.
    b~'W 1~ n Mn"lllog.f V co 11 o q. to be experienced in worldly affairs.
    J ~ A ..n 1 s e.J'W 1JJtl Lb~ ~ 161 n ?oukaan" -anaamaj/he:nlllog/

    bbiil 'l

    "' ~ L8 s

    ltew"sed" V to be finished, completed. Ma"m.jltew" 1 it. otherwise. Cj and.

    Vl11~bb;'l

    bb61:;; l?.t, lt?.t, le::::

    tl'Wbb6'l:;tl'W kan"lekan/ each other, one another (often preceded by


    ~

    ~ J, ~ ~, bb~ ~)

    nN World Health Organization. 1 ~ tJ 'lf'W ( A'W)

    '11 ~ bb6'l:;; . . . tha:u:::: ... le::::. . .

    both . and ...

    loo"kiijachon" (khon") N ordinary

    o '11 ~ VlblJ ~
    d

    "'

    bb~;:; 'If 1 t1

    tMuj Iu /lechaaj/ both men and 161 ~

    people, the common man. ( h ~, 1'U) loou" (loou", baj/) N coffin.

    women.
    bb~:;;

    e.J'W 1

    le?}'yn?}'yn" and so on, and so forth:

    1~ ~

    16o:n" V to be open, empty, clear.

    "and others."

    1 ~ ~ 1 ~ llloucaj/ V to feel relieved, free, at ease.

    "' lt?lem" V to nibble. bb6'l:; Ul:l-J


    161. Shortened form of gram, kilometer).

    nh

    kiloo"

    kilo (kilo-

    1~ ~ J n lt~ou?og" idem. 1;~ b; ~ . See ; ~ LfH .


    1~ A 16od" V to jump.

    1~ (1~,el'W) l~o" (l~o.t,?an")


    a kind of row boat.

    shield.--Also1~vi'.

    n s :;; 1 AA161 A b ; 'W

    kradooct"lllodt~n"

    V to hop and

    1; 16o.f V 1. to rock, swing. V 2. to row. N 3.

    skip about (merrily, as children do).

    ~ ~ 1611i1 liul6od" V to be excited, wild (as with


    idiom. joy), to jump with joy.

    1~ b'iJ'W 1; b1Jm11 tJ m~jpenl6o"penphaaj/


    ized.

    to make no sense, be incoherent, not well organ-

    li11e.J'W 16odpMon" V 1. to be exciting, thrilling. 2. to be extraordinary, unusual, unconventional. 3. to be adventurous, daredevilish.

    1;-B "i ;1 16o"chi:ncMa" V to swing (on a swing). 1;L Se.J 16orya" V to row a boat, sail a boat. 161n ( 1~n) 16og" (lllog") N the world, the earth.

    16'l'W ( iil'l) loon" V 1. to be rude, obscene, indecent, vulgar (often ref. to language meant to be humorous). N 2. crab louse (pubic louse) (tua"). Vlt11'U16'l'W jaabloon" V to be rude, vulgar (often ref. to language meant to be humorous). 161Jl 16ob" V to be greedy, covetous. covetousness. N

    '1J d 1 ~ 1 ~ n khw~aulllog"

    to do things in oppo-

    sition to what other people usually do. Cf. Eng. "crosswise with the world."

    'If 1 'l 161 n ( A'W) chaawlllog" (khon") N inhabitants


    of the earth. bb 'lim ,ffti'W 161 n ( A'W) cheemptanlllog" (khon") sports .Unhn li11'l161n worldchampion. [bb'I.I:Wb,ffti'W

    --s y n.

    "' "' LVf'W Lb n llil .

    A'l1:W-- greed,

    ~:;; 1:wJl 16'lm11Jl lam~ob"l~obl.ab" V e 1 a b. e 1 eg.


    to be greedy. 1iil:w in

    f.Eng.]

    (eiJn) siiglllog"(siig") N hemisphere.

    b;11~:w lawloom"

    V to console, soothe,

    (li1'l~) daawlllog" (duau")

    N the earth.

    appease.

    li16111i1161 n talaad"l6og" N the world market.

    161m
    N

    in

    '\J~ 11~m ( iil'l) plaaloomaa" (tua") N

    bb~'U'IJ~'J hn

    ( LWU) theb"kh1la16og" (theeb")

    dolphin, porpoise. 161 b 61 loolee" V to be ever-changing, unreliable,

    the polar regions.

    498
    uncertain, unpredictable.

    L~ ;,

    Variant spelling of

    L~ .
    (nl:J.J)

    l~'l-Y5~ l~ (
    krom'loohakld/

    ltijlau/ V to follow behind.


    ) eJeJn

    lttj{ ... )?:'log" 1. to dismiss (some-

    L fl'l-Yn ll :J.J loohakam/ N metallurgy. Lfl'!-Yn61 as in nl:J.J'ifl'l-Yn61

    one) {from a position), fire (someone). 2. to turn (someone) out, chase (a person or animal) out. N BeJ'U l~

    (krom/)
    Lfl'l-Y:::
    I

    N Department of Mines.

    ( eJ~ 1 ~, VU!il) looM?/ (jaau", chanfd")

    s~obltij/

    V 1. to take a final examination.

    metal. V1 ~ - -

    metalworker.

    N 2. final examination.

    Lfl'l-Y::: L~ eJ looha?/cya/ N alloy.

    l;
    L~eJ!il
    com.

    in

    fl'U
    'II

    l; 11lublaj/

    V to stroke, rub lightly back

    Lfl'i'l~ loohld/ N eleg. blood. -Syn.

    and forth, apply (something on the body) with gentle strokes.

    A'J1:J.JiiltJLGl'H~ khwaamdan/Ioohld/ N blood pressure.

    L~lillfl'i'l~Ll~H ( L~lil) mect"-loohld/deeu" (med/)


    N red blood corpuscle.

    LlALfl'i'l~611~ r6og"-loohld/caau/ N anemia. 1;11~LGJ'i'l~ sllaj/loohl.d/ N 1. blood line, lineage.


    2. artery (in the fig. sense only, e.g. referring to a river).
    Lit.! Lfl'i'l~ ( Lit.!)

    Jl ly?/ A symbol used in the Thai writing system


    which functions as a consonant plus vowel combination pronounced ly::::. It is very rarely used.

    s~n/loohl.d/

    (s@n/)

    N blood

    No examples occur in this book.

    vessels. o

    Li't.!Lfl'i'l~lilo1
    N vein.

    (Lit.!) s@n"-loohl.d"dam" (s@n/)

    Lit.!h'i'lmblil~
    N artery.

    ( b;'t.!) s@n"-loohld/deeu/ (s@n")

    Jll
    todiscard. [f.Chin.)

    <.9)

    lyy" A symbol used in the Thai writing system which functions as a consonant plus vowel combination pronounced lyy". It is very rarely used.

    Lfl::: 16?/ V slang

    l~

    ltiV V 1. to chase. 2. to recite, tell, play, sing (a sequence of learned items in a fixed order, as the alphabet, multiplication tables, musical scale, solfa, etc.) .

    Jl1

    I.!:J

    FS. See

    ~ eJ

    .V'tJl~

    khablttV V to drive away, chase away,

    repel.
    ;'t.! l~;'t.! l~ ( ~'t.!) tt'lnmaaj/t6nltij/ {t6n") N

    e 1 a b. co 11 o q. tree.
    Jn l~ (At.!) 11lugl.1j/ (khon")
    'II

    'J woo" LOW consonant. Pronounced w both initially

    N one who is

    and finally.
    'J n w6g/ v to turn back, switch back. 'J n ltJ:J.J 1 w6g"pajmaa/ 1. to turn this way and that;

    always picked on by others.

    l~n 'Jiil 1.1jkUad" V to chase, run after. l~'tlt.! ltijthan/ V to catch up with, overtake. J' la L'I.W ltijbta" V co 11 o q. 1. to question exhausI

    to wend. 2. to be winding (as a road).


    'J nl 'tJ b ~ ~'tJ:J.j 1 w6gpaj "wianmaa/ 1. to go back and

    tively and provocatively. 2. to scold, bawl out (usually unjustly). 3. to bawl (everyone) out right on down the line.
    lfl Lfl~ 1.1jlta" V to be about equal, about the
    I

    forth or round and round (between two or more places or subjects). 2. to be winding (as of a road).
    'J n:J.J 1 w6g"maa" to come back to, return to. 'Jn L~rJ't.! w6gwian" V 1. to go back and forth or

    same.

    fl Lfl ~ ~ ltijliatJ" V 1. to make detailed inquiries.


    I ""

    round and round (between two or more places or subjects). 2. to be winding (as of a road).

    2. to cross-examine.

    499
    'J 'l ( 'J 'l) won' (won')

    'HJ'IJ

    N 1. circle, ring, group.

    ing (as of a road); to be circuitous. 2. around, to and fro; in a roundabout manner. o

    C 2. elf. for rings (e.g. fingerring), circles (e.g. card-playing circle), groups (as an orchestra). V 3. to circle around.
    bbfil s 'J 'l ( 'J 'l) tn:E:won' (won')

    b~'IJ'J'IJ1't.JL1ll'W:W1 daan'-wonpajlwianmaa' to
    walk around, walk to and fro, pace back and forth.

    N brass band.

    'J'IJ b 1'll'W wonwian' V 1. to go around (within an

    S 'J :W 'J 'l Iilamwon' V to join a group or party. s'11 'l ( 'J 'l) ramwon' (won") N 1. a Thai folk

    area); to be circuitous; to be winding (as of a road); to go through a cycle. 2. co 11 o q. to hang around (in an area). sV 3. around, in a roundabout manner.
    'J'IJ l.!:J 'J S SA

    dance in which the couples move around in circles. V 2. to dance the s'1'J 'l.
    'J 'l n 61 :W wonklom' N circle. 'J 'l n 1 S wonkaan' N 1. circle. 2. field, realm. d .J. "' .., o 'J 'l n 1 S'l'l b'tiel ble:J11i1 wonkaan/thiich~athyY"'d~ajl

    as in 'J'IJA161fiiS wanasaad' N forestry.


    ( 'J S SA ) wag' (wag')

    N 1. section, phrase;

    line (of poetry), metric group. 2. pause or space in writing. C 3. elf. for sections, phrases,

    reliable sources (as of news). o 'J 'l n 1 Sbb~'l'lll cles. o 'J 'l n 1 S b~ 8 'l won I kaanmyan I cles.
    'J 'l bb 'IJ'IJ wonkh~E:n' N 1. embrace, encircling

    "'

    won'kaanph~E:d'

    N medical cir-

    lines, metric groups.


    b1J'IJ'J s sA bo\Ju b 'J S penwag'penween' elab. colloq.

    N political cir-

    on and on, at great length, continuously, excessively (of speaking, crying).


    b 'J'IJ 'J S SA wenwag/ V to leave spaces {between

    arms. 2. sew. armhole.


    'J 'lLA'1 s won'khooc::>::m' N orbit.

    phrases, clauses, sentences).


    'J

    s sm, 'J s sm::: wan', wanna?/ N 1. color, complexion.


    2. caste. wanna::::. Bound form meaning "writing, com-

    'J 'l 'l1'1J wonnaan1

    N sphere of activity, field of

    work.
    'J 'l '1 S wonc::>::>n/ N {electrical) circuit. 'J'lli1SlJ1'lA won'durijaan' N orchestra. 'J
    "'

    'J S sm-

    position," as in the entries immediately below.


    'J

    -11 ~ wonph~jl

    s Smn s S :W
    work.

    ( .ffu) wan'nakam' (chin') N literary


    ,j
    I

    N a circle of card players.


    'J

    'J -161 'J Iii won lOad' N a loop of wire.


    'J -161 e:J:W wonl:S;:,m/ N an encirclement.

    s Hl6A Iii

    ( b S 8 'l , b fl :W)

    wan'nakhadii/

    (~an'

    l@m')

    N literature.
    'J s sm~ n [iJ
    r

    'J~ b~9J (~'IJ) wonleb' (?an') N parenthesis.


    'J'lb1ll'IJ

    ~'IJ) wan/najug' (?an') N the tone marks


    v .""

    (~'IJ,'J'l) wonwian' N 1. compass

    in the Thai system of writing.


    'J S'J 'l f'l b 6 8 See
    'II

    (?an'). 2. traffic circle (won').


    'J 'l bbVl'J'IJ wonwcE:n/ N ring, gasket, washer. 'J H'i won' N race, family, stock.

    ~ S::: b '11 'J S'J 'l f'l b 6 8~ S::: 8 'l F1 b ~ 1

    'J ~'1Jfilb][i1 wasan'tacyduu' N e 1 e g. spring (the season). 'J 8

    --Also occurs as

    (Vi~ 'l

    ) w::>::>' (lan')

    N palanquin.

    a bound form, as in the entry below.


    S1'1h'lf'l

    'Je:Jn w~;:,g/ N (Year of the) Monkey. -The complete

    "'

    (S1'ii'J'lA) r~adchawon' (r~adchawon')

    list of the cyclical years is given under


    d 8 n bb 'J n w~gwtg'*

    iJ.

    N dynasty.
    'J 'l f'l 'J 1'1J

    v to be distracted, unsettled.
    V to be agile.

    "'

    ( A'IJ) wonwaan/ (khon')

    N kin, family,

    'J 8 ~ in 'J e:Jiil

    ~ 8 -11 'J w~wajl*


    w~::>dwaajl

    relatives.
    'J ~ AG1 n 61 won I sakun'
    ~

    w~::>d'

    V to be consumed, exhausted. V to be ruined, destroyed. colloq. vulg. lJ8lJ~9J, ~9J Lfi'IJ eleg.

    N family, lineage.

    'J e:Jiil 'J 1ll

    'J'lA1Atl61b1J1M

    (A'IJ) wonsaa'khanaaj~ad' (khon')

    --Syn. ~9JVl1lJ

    N e lab. relatives, kin.


    'J'IJ

    com., fl'IJ1A,~'IJ1A

    ..,

    <Ql

    won' V to circulate, revolve, whirl.

    'J e:J'IJ w::>::>n' V 1. to implore; usually in compounds,

    'IJ'1'J'IJ namwon' N whirlpool. 'J'IJ1 '\J b 1lJ'W:W 1 wonpajlwianmaa' 1. to go around,

    as below. 2. colloq. to ask for (e.g. trouble, punishment) (as when a child misbehaves).
    'J e:J'IJ'IJ eJ
    w::>::>nkh~;:,/

    go to and fro (within a certain area); to be wind-

    V to plead, beg for.

    'Hl'l.J 1 ~ 'Hl'l.J wi.l)w::>::>n' V e 1 e g. to implore, beseech. e:J e:J'l.J 'J e:J'l.J


    ?~::>nw::>::>n'

    500

    ing progress.
    oJQJ.- in oJQI.hl'l wannar6og' N eleg. tuberculosis.

    V com. to implore, beseech.

    'J e:J'l.J in the following entries.

    -Syn.

    iJ'l.J~e:J'l.J bin'w~n'*to
    'll ~ 'J ~ e:J'l.J

    swarm about (in the air)(e.g.

    ..,
    'J lil
    <9)

    ~L'l.J;e:J~
    cJ'

    colloq.
    A

    wad' V to measure.
    QJ

    of airplanes, insects).

    d LFl ~

    e:J -!l 'J lil

    ( e:J'l.J, l fJ 1-i , 'ti'l.Jiil) khrya:gwad' (?ant,

    pliw'w~n'* to be blown about, be floating


    o

    jaa:gl, chanfd') N 1. measuring implement; yardstick. 2. meter, gauge.


    d IV LFl~e:J-!l'JiilFl'J1111il'l.Je:J1n11"1
    QJ
    QJ

    in the air in great numbers.

    'J e:J'U in

    'J e:J'U lb 'J'U w~bw~b'* V co 11 o q. to be flash-

    (e:J'l.J) khryauwad 1 -

    ing, shining, glittering. .,. 'Je:Jf!"1f w5::>l', w5::>ls' N waltz. [f. Eng.]
    L'l'lfl ~ 'J e:Jfl"1f ( L'l'lfl ~) phleeuw5::>ls (phleeu 1 )

    khwaamdan'?aakaad' (?an')
    oJiil I!:J ( oJiil) wad' (wad')

    N barometer.

    N wat, temple, temple

    N
    .:j

    compound .
    1'l.J oJiil :gaanwad' N a fair held within the grounds

    waltz music.
    'J :::: wa./ Pt

    rustic or vulgar final particle used in


    ~

    of a Buddhist temple.
    'l.JFl ~ oJiil nakh::>::>n'wad' pN Angkor Wat, ancient

    place of the polite form

    Fl ~'U.

    o e:J::::1n::::? ?arajlw<i'l vulg. Well, what is it?


    oJ.:j
    <9) (

    temple of the Khmer (in Cambodia) .

    oJ.:j) wau 1 (wau')


    I

    N palace. N royal

    oJiil'I'I~::::LLn'J wadphrak~ew' pN Wat Phra Kceo,


    common name for oJiil'l'l ~:::: 1"1 ~ f171'WI"l1 s11il1 n11, q.v. below.
    oJiil'l'l ~:::: L'IJ171'1'1'l.J wadphracMed'tuphon' pN Wat

    ..,

    n"1f'J ~
    ~
    I

    ( lb'i-H) rttadchawau' (heu')

    palace.
    'J -i l!:l ( LL~-i) wau' (heu')
    ~

    N a deep pool (in a

    larger body of water); an underwater abyss.


    ...

    Phrachettuphon, official name for the Temple of the Reclining Buddha in Bangkok. -+Also commonly called
    oJiil'l'l ~::::I') ~11~1

    'J -i'l.J.1'J'l.J wau'namwon1


    ~

    N whirlpool.

    1 ...

    'J

    in

    LLd..m"1'J ~ m~enaamwau' pN the Mrewang


    I~

    (Me Wang), a tributary of the Chaophaya River inN Thailand. -+Also


    LL:l.J'J -i.

    o1171

    pN Wat Phrasimahathat, name of the oldest wat in Nakhqn Sithammarat in S Thailand.


    oJiil'l'l ~::::I'); f171'WI"l1 Gllil1 ~ 111 wadphrasli'radtanasaa~

    oJiilL '1'1

    f'.
    '

    wadphrasii'-maM.a'tMad'

    -J.~"1f1 in

    n1~~oJ-i"1f1 kamla:g'wa:gchaat N elab.

    co 11 o q. bodily strength.
    oJ-i L'J ~ wa:gweeu' V 1. to feel lonely and nostalgic,

    sadaa'raam' pN Wat Phrasiratanasasadaram, official name for the Temple of the Emerald Buddha in Bangkok. Also commonly called

    awed and nostalgic. 2. to evoke feelings of loneliness and nostalgia, awe and nostalgia.
    oJiilJ'l.J o ~ n.J wad'thanatham' N culture. n ~:::: '11 ~ 'J -i oJiilJ'l.J o ~ ~ 11 krasua:g'wad'thanathaml N

    ...

    oJiilL '1'1

    wadphoo' pN Wat Pho, common name for

    Ministry of Culture.
    e:J -i l'l..n 1 ~An ~11 11 fJ 11"11 61111

    oJiil'l'l~:::: L'if171'1'1'l.J,

    ~"'uf!:::: oJiilJ'l.J a~ ~ 11 u ~ -i Gl ~
    ..,

    'J lil'J 181 ~ 111 ( 'Jiil,

    '-'

    q.v. above.
    LL~-i)
    I

    '-'

    wadwaat?aaraam' (wad',

    'll~::::"1f1"1f1A ?o:gkaan'sygsaa' wfdthajaa~

    heu') N elab. colloq. wats and temples .


    'J 171 ~ wadthu?/ N e 1 e g. object, article. 2. material(s)

    saad' lewad'thanatham'- htu' sahaprachaa~ chttad' nN The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
    oJiilJ'l.J1 wadthanaa' v

    (as "raw materials").


    m 'J

    ~ 1171 ~

    ( 8~ 1 ~,

    ~ -1) thi1aw::>::>n'wadthu?t (jaa:g',

    eleg. to progress, grow. -+Syn. LGl ~qj com.

    slu') N e1eg. permanent, enduring object (as a building, monument).


    L'U ~ 1QI.oJ171 ~ booraan'wadthtJ.?I N e1 eg. relics,

    1'1 'J 111-- progress.

    L~ ~qj oJiilJ'l.J 1 car;:~;:~n'wadthanaa' V e 1 a b. e 1 e g.

    to progress and advance.


    oJiilJ'l.J 1 bl1 'J ~ wadthanaa'thaawo::>n' e leg. to pro._,

    ancient objects, ruins; archeological finds.


    oJ171 ~~'U wadthu?'dlb' N e 1 eg. raw materials.

    gress, advance everlastingly; to progress and be enduring; to be everlasting. 1'1 'J 111-endur-

    'J 171 ~'l.J ~:::: si-1 Fl

    { 8 fJ 1 i, 'lJ ~:::: n 1 ~)

    wadthtJ.?IprasCS:g 1

    (jaa:g',prakaan') N eleg. aim, purpose, object.

    'HHl

    501
    <V

    '

    'HilJYH:J 1'W wadthu?'phajaan' N e 1 eg. tangible

    evidence.
    llilbl'l'l6lJtJ1;

    '
    '

    'J'WlleJ'W"] wan'koonkoon' the previous days.

    oJ'Wbfi~ wank:'ldd' N birthday.

    (eJ~1'1)
    I

    wadthu?'phl:J:)jda.av (jaau')

    'J'W'IJ'W1Jl V!:J.J wankh~n'piimaV N New Year's Day.


    <V

    <V

    J' ."1 J'

    N el eg. by-product.
    G..o'

    'J'W'IJ'W

    @)

    rf1 wankh~'nukha.m' the first day of

    'Jiil~

    in

    ll'l'Jiil~

    ( eJIJ1'1) kidcawad' (jaau') N eleg.

    the waxing moon .


    l'Wfl~ 1 fJ l'W bfi ~ wankhlaajwank~d' N 1 it. birthday.
    oJ'W b Gl.~:J.J wanchal<3dm' N 1. day of celebration.

    ...

    routine; routine matter.


    ~

    'J'W wan' N 1. day. C 2. day.


    THE DAYS OF THE WEEK
    cJ'WeJ l~AIJ wan?aath!d' Sunday.

    2. co 11 o q. the king' s birthday; abbrev. for the following entry.


    oJ'W b Gl.~mn:::: 'ti'W:J.J'IU

    cJ'W'f'W~ S wancan' Monday.

    nn wanchal8dm' -phrachon'::::

    1'W eJi A l S

    wan?agkhaan' Tuesday.

    cJ'W~fi wanpMd' Wednesday.


    cJ1.111bj~~ wanpMryhAd' Thursday (short name). cJ'W11bj~8UA wanpMryhAd'sah::>::>dii' Thursday. cJ'W~ n s wansug' Friday.

    phansaa' N roy. anniversary of the king's birthday.


    oJ'W'tl1m wancMad' N National Day.

    i'l.! L~ lS

    oJ'W~A'W~ wandii'khyyndii' e lab. co 11 o q. one


    fine day, on a certain day.
    v

    wansi!w' Saturday.
    d

    n ~ 1--1l'W klaauwan' (in the) daytime, (by} day.


    o
    eJ1V!1~f16l1~'J'W
    v

    'J 'W 'Yl wanth ti:::: the (such and such numbered)

    (:J.JeJ) ?aahaan'klaauwan'

    J'

    day, the ... -th (e.g. the fifth). o b:J.J J fl'W 'J'W'Yl
    ~

    (m)iy')

    N eleg.

    luncheon, midday meal.

    "'

    ... .J

    &

    m~akhyyn'wanthtiha.a'

    on the

    bblil~ 'J'W tewan' early, before the usual time, before

    night of the fifth. o


    ~ ~ 'J'W'Yl &
    ... .J
    O

    the appointed time.


    bblii'J'W"]. See 'J'W"]
    9

    .J

    lou'wanthtiMa' dated the fifth.


    bIii eJ'W ~ ~ 1 fl:J.J wanthtislb'dyantulaa'::::
    "'

    below.

    o 'J'W 'l1

    'Ylll oJ'W thugwan' every day.


    ~n

    khom' the tenth of October.


    .., .J "' 'J'W'Yl~::::~n

    'J'W'W thugwannfi' nowadays, today.


    v

    Jt

    wan'thtiralyg' N memorialday .

    Lm.1 'l 'J'W thtauwan' N midday, noon.


    'W'U'J'Wbblil nabwan'tE:E::::
    '1

    .J

    .., Jt

    'J'W'W wannfi' today.

    day by day, as days go by.

    o b ti'W 'J'W'W jen'wannfi' this evening.


    l'W'l'l ~:::: wanphraU N Buddhist day of worship.

    "'

    .., Jt

    b'W

    b ~ 'J

    "'

    ~ "1 'J'W najrewrew'wan' soon, in the very

    near future.
    l'WoJ'Wl'W'l'IS'I najwan'najphrilu' colloq. inaday

    There are four such days in a lunar month, corresponding to the four phases of the moon.
    'J'W b'l'lbJI wanphen' N full moon day.
    .., "' o "' fl'W 'J'W b'l'lbJI khyyn'wanphen' N full moon night. ..,

    or two, very soon, in a short time.

    '

    "'

    l'WoJ'WV!~1

    najwan'na.a' some other day (in the

    future), some future day.


    '\.1 ~:::: 'l'1oJ'W pracam'wan' daily; everyday, routine. 1'\.loJll'l paj'wanwan' to go early, ahead of time.

    oJ'WJJ:::: !'W wan'maryyn' the day after tomorrow. .., .., ' 'J'Wtl ~ fl'1 wanjaukha.m' from mom till night, all

    ~~ oJ'W'\.1 ~:::: rl'W'l'l


    bb:J.J~ 'loJ'W

    s
    9

    day long. o 'J'WtJ ~ fl1fl'WtJ


    <V<VIo~OVI

    'I phadwan' -prakan'phrt1u' V

    ~; 'l

    wanjaukh~m'khyynjaurilu'

    e 1 a b. co 11 o q. to procrastinate, put off.


    ( lil'J) maleeuwan' (tua')

    co 11 o q. all day and all night .


    .., ' .t 'J'W ~ 'l 'IJ'W, 1'W-- wan'rt1ukh~' najwan'rtlnkh~n' 9

    N com. fly,

    housefly. -+Also

    bb:J.J'loJ'W colloq.

    (on) the next day, the following day, on the morrow.


    'J'W bl ~ :J.J
    ..,
    'J'W~::::
    ...

    1~iJoJ'W
    o

    ma.jmiiwan' never, there will never be

    a day (when); not a chance.

    f1'1 wanreem'nukha.m' the first day

    '

    1~iJoJ'WeJ~Iil1tl

    ma.jmiiwan'-?Oct'taaj' will never


    ..,

    of the waning moon . wan'la:::: per day, a day, daily. ahead of time, before the apI...,

    starve to death.
    S1tloJ'W raajwan' a daily, daily issue (as of a

    'J 'W "1 wanwan'

    newspaper).
    ~

    pointed time.
    I
    Q..l

    'J 'W n eJ'W

    wank~on'

    the other day.

    o bllil 'J'W "1 tewan'wan' idem. -see also LLI'I'J'W.

    502 o :l.J11'W"l maa-'wanwan-' to come early, before


    v

    d1

    gaurus), a kind of wild ox.


    v

    . 1'W~ ~n ~ 1'Wl'l wan-'soukraan-'


    April 13 and April 15.

    the appointed time. -Also :l.J 1 bb~ 1'W "1. N Songkran Day, the

    1 'J Fl 1 1 tJ wuakhwaaj-' N cattle, livestock (in general).


    1'1iil1f.J
    'V

    old Thai New Year's day which falls between

    (iiJ'd)

    wua-'tuaphQu-' (tua-') wua-'tuamia-' (tua-')

    N bull. N cow.

    1'1iil1 bJJtJ

    ( iil1)

    'd'WV!'W 1 wannaa-' one day, some day, some other

    11~1'1
    1 'J'W:l.J
    .J
    'J~'J'J
    <V

    (!il'd)
    d

    wuataau-'(tua-')

    N packox. N milch cow. V 1. to run a

    day. -Used of future time only. -Also 1'W--.


    d 'd'WV!'W~
    v v

    ( iiJ1) wuanom-' (tua-')

    wan-'nYD one day.


    d

    ( b'YltJ'd) wtuwua-' (thtaw-')

    o 'J'WV!'W'l"l wan-'nYU-wan-'nyu 1. from day to day, fromonedaytothenext. 2. in anyone day. o JtJ:l.J1 'J'WV!'W~ juumaa-'-wan-'nYD (and) then one
    'V
    v

    race, to race. N 2. race.


    V!'W1'J1
    (l'I'W,~vn)

    naawua-' (tlln-',d~og-') N bot.

    anthurium (Anthurium), a handsome plant. 11

    day, one day later on.


    .J'WV!~ ~
    ( 1'W) wanjud-' (wan-') N holiday, day off. ( .J'W) wanjud-'r.1adchakaan-'

    waa-' C wa, a Thai linear meas. eq. to a fathorn or two yards (meas. by extending both arms). -Equal to four f'l J n, q. v.

    o .J'WV!tJ ~ n 'tin 1 ~ q
    v

    (wan-') official holiday.


    'd'WV!~~ ~ 1'W wan-'jud:!Jaan-'

    [i]

    1 ~ 1'1 'J 1 taaraa:nwaa-' square wa, i.e. about four

    day of rest, day off,


    11 l-'1

    square yards (under 4 sq. meters). in


    r11EJ61::::'J1 taaj-'lawaa-'

    holiday.
    V!1EJ1'W'Vl1EJA'W Majwan-'Majkhyyn-' elab. colloq.

    E excl. ofdismay.

    11 waa-', waa:::::

    V 1. to say. 2. to scold, criticize,

    to recover quickly (from sickness); to improve (in health) from day to day.
    'J'\J wab-' sV 1. in a flash. rM 2. intensifier used
    ... v v

    speak disparagingly (to or about someone). sV 3. saying; thus, t.hat. NOTE. Verbs of saying asking, knowing, etc., are fol. by 1 1 which is usually trans. as "that" (occ. "whether") or not translated. o

    with b'tl 'I

    "beautiful,"

    :l.J'W "glossy."

    o V!1 tJ .J'\J l '\Jn'U l'l 1 Maj-'wab-'pajkataa-' to vanish


    in a flash before one's eyes.
    v

    ~1],~~1,1v::::ls khunpMud-'waa?araj-'~
    you say? L'iJ 1 m:J.J~ 1JJ;e:J 'l ~ 1 'll'Vl:J.J
    waan-'maj~

    What did

    1'\J"l wabwab-'
    v

    to be twinkling.

    khawtMam-'waamiih~n:::::

    'J'\J 'J 1'\J wabwaab-'

    to be flashing, dazzling,

    He asked whethertherewereany rooms.

    glaring.
    v

    o f.JJ.JA ~ 11 b'iJ 1 Lri ~ pMmkhid-'waakhawke:n-' ~ I think (that) he is clever.


    b n s ~ 11 kreeu-'waa::::: to fear that, to be afraid that.

    1 EJ waj-' N age, stage, period (of human life). Lfi ~bll1tJ carddn-'waj-' V e 1 eg. to grow up.
    btJ 111 EJ jaw-'waj-' V e 1 e g. 1. to be young, under-

    L;11 fi ~ 1
    v
    I
    I

    khawcaj-'waa::::: to understand that. as if, as though.

    age. N 2. childhood.
    v

    Fl611 tJ n'\J 11 khlaaj-'kawaa:::::


    F1"111

    'J tJ n 611 'I Fl'W waj-'klaaukhon-' N 1. middle age (of

    kham-'waa::::: the word " ... " to say. What (do you) wish

    people). Among the Thai approx. 35-50 years of age. 2. (as n. mod.) middle-aged. -Also
    v1~n611'1Fl'W.
    v ...

    AeJ 1 1 khyywaa-' that is, that is fi::::~1e:JtJ,1'lls cawaa-'jaa:nraV~


    to say?
    9l,'dtJ11 chuaj-'waa:::::
    I t

    -comp. 'tin.

    'J tJ 9W ~ ~ fi waj-'chakan-' N youth, young adulthood. .Jt:Jtin waj-'charaa-' N eleg. old age, period of

    if, in case.

    L'ti'W 1 1 ch@nwaa-' as mentioned.


    ~

    old age.
    <V

    1 1 1 daa-'waa-' to speak disparagingly or abusively to, of; to scold; to swear at.

    IV

    fl'

    4,.1

    161 tJ in L[111 fl tJ

    ( r1'W, Lm) th~wwan-' (tl'ln-', thaw-')


    ~ ~

    N vines, climbers (in general).


    11 ( iil1) wua-' (tua-')

    1 1 du?-'waa-' V to bawl out, reprimand, scold. 1 1 duu-'waa::::: to see that.

    N bovine (animal), ox, cow,

    cattle. -Also sometimes 'l 1.


    J' v b'W1 11 nyawua-' N beef.

    'i r1 eJ 'J 1 6o-'w.1a-' V to come (to someone) with a

    grievance, complain (to), remonstrate (with).


    l'l eJ 'J 1l'l e:J'~ 1'W
    6ow.1a-'t~okh~an-'

    1'1ns::::~'l (!il1) wuakrathi:n-' (tua-') N gaur (Bos

    V co 11 o q.

    11 (parties) to argue over grievances or complaints {which stand between them).


    lil e:J\J 1 1
    I I

    503

    11~

    1 1 ~ 1 t1
    c:;
    I

    wliau~aV
    I __

    V to be obedient, tractable.

    o
    I I

    L 171 n 1 1 ~ 1 t1
    "-'

    deg/w~au~aV

    an obedient child.

    t:,ob/w~a:::

    to reply that.

    11 ~ 1 ~
    "-'

    w~ac~au/

    V to hire, employ, engage.

    bblil 1 1 tew~a/ but.

    1 1171 1 t1 w~adtlaj:::

    to be concerned with, to deal with. to act for (in a law suit).

    ~1 ~:::; ~ 11 tJ th~acaw~a/paj
    di
    V

    one might say, one


    ~

    1 11i11 ~

    w~ataau/

    could say, so to speak, as a matter of fact.


    I

    1 11i11:lJ w~ataam/ to say after. 1 1 bblil w~a/t'E.e:::


    d

    bl ~ bb:lJ 1 1
    "' I

    thY!:Jmte:/w~a/

    although, even though.

    V 1. to criticize (1st example).


    I

    ble:J 1 1 th)Tyw!ia:::

    to hold {the belief) that, believe

    2. speaking specifically of (2nd example).


    1 I

    c:;

    that, consider that, take (it to mean) that, claim that.


    '!1 S 1\J 1 1 s~ab/w~a:::

    o 1 1 bblil fl'W e:J'W LLlil flbll.n '!11 L J ~

    t'E.ekhun/k~tham?eeu/! (You) criticize others,

    w~a/tf:ekhon?)ryn/-

    e 1 e g. to know that; it was o

    but you do {the same thing) yourself.

    learned that.
    1!\J 1 1 mib/w~a:::

    ~ 1Lb~flb~L ble:J:::; fll:ll~:::; 1tJ1li:W w~a/tf:e:khun/th;:)?/-

    to be regarded, counted as, taken

    khuncapaj/m<ij! Speaking about you, now, are you going to go? Coming to you, now, are you

    as, considered to be.


    I

    tJ s 1 nD1 1
    b

    praakod/w~a~

    it appears that.
    I

    going to go?
    I

    thJ el'W ~ 1 pen?an/w~a/


    action is settled on).

    this means that (such and

    11'We:J'Wr.ie:J'W~1tl

    w~anoonls:Sonuliaj/

    V elab.

    such a result ensues, such and such a course of


    ~ I I

    co 11 o q. to be tractable, easily led, compliant, obedient.


    11'We:J'Wr.ie:J'WlJ1n w~anoon/s:Sonj~ag/ V elab.

    f.J'W 1 1 fan/w~a/ to dream that.


    '\"Hil 1 1 phOud/w~a:::
    'II

    to say that. because. in order that. {2)

    co 11 o q. to be untractable, unmanageable, disobedient, unruly.

    b'WS1::::11
    d

    phr5w~a/

    b'W J 1 1 ph9a/w~a:::

    ~ 11~~~ w~a/m~jfau'
    1. not to mind,
    I

    V to be disobedient, naughty,

    1~~ 1

    (1)

    m~jw!ia/;

    m~jw!ia:::

    heedless of advice, warnings, commands. 1 1 tJ 1 n wliajliag/

    not to complain. 2. no matter, regardless of.


    S 1:l.Jfl 1 1:lJ1 1 ruamkhwaam/w~a/ in short, briefly.

    to be disobedient, untractable.

    1 1 s 1 '11n 1 s w~a/r~adchakaan/ V to administer

    S 1 1 rl\J ~ 1
    '-'I

    raaw/kaw~a:::

    as if, as though.

    the affairs of the state. sioner.

    ~--

    governor, commis-

    :J 1 1 nlu/w.a:::
    'II

    to know that.

    l rlJn ( . ) 11 {1) rtagl( ... )w~a/; (2) rtag/w~a/


    1. to call (such and such) {by the name of). 2.

    ~bl!b\!1 ~ 1
    I

    siinjaa/wlia::: to promise that; to contract

    to {do something).
    ll1 1 1 hiia/w~a:::

    to be called (such and such).


    I

    to accuse of, charge that, claim

    11 n ~ 11 w~a/klaaw/ V to advise, admonish,

    that.
    I

    reprove. 1 1 n 1 s w.akaan/ to be in charge. o '1111 n 1 S thtiw.akaan/ N administrative office (usually of the government).
    0

    ll1 n 11 ha.ag/w~a:::

    if, in the event that. co 11 o q. as stated, as said,

    to direct things, administer;

    J tJ

    1 ~ 11

    jaauw~a/

    as it is said (e.g. in a proverb). 11


    GJ

    ! w<ia/ E excl. expressing unpleasant surprise,


    displeasure.

    ;~ :lJ'Wlil ~1 lJ ~ 1 n 1 s ( 'W 1 tJ 'fl'W)


    chOajw~akaan/

    r<idthamontrii/:::

    11

    l!:l .
    "' I

    See entries below.

    (naaj/, khon/) N deputy minister

    1 1 1 'W waawOn/ V to be in a state of confusion,

    (of the government).


    ~

    indecision.
    1 1 Lll1 w<iawee/ V

    _,1

    s ~ :lJ'W li1 :J 1 1 n 1 s

    ( 'W 1 tJ ' f1 'W) r<idthamontrii/w.a:::

    to be lonesome, lonely and

    kaan/ (naaj/, khon/) ment).

    N minister {of the govern-

    lost.

    Fl11:W-- loneliness. w<iawee/caj/ V tobelonesome.

    ;1Lll~'l~
    1 1 ~ waau/

    1 1 f1 1 1 :lJ w.akhwaam/ V 1. to litigate; to plead a

    to place, lay.

    case in court. 2. to act as arbiter (in a dispute).

    1~1 1 ~ lil1

    mlijwaau/taa/ without taking (one's)

    504

    eyes off (something).


    "-'

    vacant or unoccupied space or room, gap, blank space (as on an application).


    d
    0

    11-!lnTW waa:gMaml V idiom. to act big.


    v v

    'J 1 HI eJ'lH Fl'U waa:glkh:'l::>ba:gkh<ibl to establish

    m 1-!j

    ( 'l1, LlVf.:j)

    thtiw~atJ'

    (thti/, h:gl) N vacancy,

    regulations.
    'J 1 ~ l

    unoccupied space, unoccupied land.

    waa:gkha.jl V e 1 e g. to lay eggs. --s y n.

    l~~ 1-!l m~jw~an'

    1. to be busy, occupied. 2. to

    eJ8n l~ com.
    'J 1 ~ LFl ~ ~ n 1 ~ waa:g'khroo:gkaanl to lay plans. 'J 1 ~ 1~ waa:gcajl V to trust, have confidence in.

    be occupied (as of a bathroom).


    11-!l i 1'W wttannaanl V 1. to be unoccupied, have

    leisure; to have run out of work, have finished the work at hand. 2, to be unemployed. unemployed person; unoccupied person.
    I I

    A'J 1JJ-- trust.


    1 1 ~ L~ JJW'W waa:gl d88mphan1 co 11 o q. to bet,

    Fl'W- -

    place a bet.
    11Hl'W waa:gtonl V eleg. 1. tobehave,conduct

    11-!l L'\J~ 1 w~a:gpla.awl V to be empty, vacant,

    unoccupied (as a house), uncultivated (as a field).


    I

    "<

    oneself. 2. to place oneself. 1 1 ~ iil1 waa:gtua' V com. 1. to behave, conduct

    11 ~ JJ 8
    I

    w~a:gmyyl

    to be free, unoccupied, have

    one's hands free (e.g. from work).


    'J 1 .:j 'l wfia:gwfia:g I

    oneself. 2. to place oneself.


    I

    in (one's) spare time, in (one's)

    'd 1-!l'l11

    waa:gth~al

    V to put on airs, to pose.

    free time.
    L 1 ~ 1 1 1 .:j
    weelaa'w~a:u'

    ':J 1-!l'W Lf.I'U 1 fJ waa:glmijoobaajl to lay down, estab-

    N free time, spare time,

    lish a policy.
    ':J 1-!l LbJ;.J'Wn 1 ~ waa:glpheenkaan' to plan, plot, lay

    leisure time.
    81Vl1
    ~

    'J 1-!l

    ?aahaan'w~a:gl

    N snack, food taken

    plans. 11 ~ L 'W ~ ~ waa:gphl88lJ' V e 1 e g. to commit arson. 1 1 ~ iJA ~"1 waanlmidcaml to give a deposit, make a part payment.
    'J 1 ~~8 waanmyyl V to stop or give up doing somev

    between meals.
    11 .:j See entries below.
    ..,

    L 1-!j 1 1 i w~8tJWaa:u' to be wide, vast, vast and

    empty. 2. to be affected by a sense of the vastness and emptiness of one's surroundings.


    81 ~ 11-!l ?flanwaan' to be lonely, lonesome.

    thing.
    'J 1 i fJ 1'W'ij waan'jaaphfdl

    to poison.
    1. to establish regu-

    1 1 ~ 1 waacaal N e 1 e g. (spoken) word; utterance.


    L'\J~.:j'J1~1

    'J 1 U::: b'iJtJ'U waan'rablabl

    '

    plen'waacaa' V eleg. to say, speak,

    lations. 2. to set up a system.


    11
    .:j

    declare.
    J;.J H111~ 1 pharudlsawaacaal N el eg. abusive

    ~ 1n_j 1'W waan'r~agtM:an' to lay, establish

    a foundation. 11 ~ ( ... )

    language, harsh word.


    J.,

    l; (1) waan 1( ... )wajl; (2) waan'wajl

    ~'W'J1~1

    1.1nlwaacaal V eleg. 1. to speak, say,


    J., J.,

    1. to place, lay, set up, fix, establish stipulate

    declare. 2. to commit oneself, give one's word.


    0

    (something). 2. to be laid, set up, established.


    'J 1-!j'Vl~n waatJUtgl to set up a principle.
    11 .:j VI L 'l1 ~ ,.r'W; waa:ghilu'thoorasabl to hang up the
    'U

    -syn.

    ~'WA1,~'W'\J1n

    com.

    1 1A wfiad' V to draw, make a drawing.


    Jl1 'W 11 A ( J11 'W)
    pMabw~adl

    (pMabl)

    N e l e g.

    telephone receiver.
    'J 1 .:j 8116 waanl?aawud' to lay down arms. 'J 1 ~ 8'\J 1 fJ waa:gl?ubaajl to set up a trap or strata-

    a drawing, a painting. 11 A L~ fJ'W w~adkhlanl V to draw.


    'J1AJ11'W
    wfiadph~ab'

    gem.

    '

    V eleg. to draw a picture.

    11/Jiilti waa'taphajl N eleg. disasterfromawind-

    l;d 1 .:j 1 ~

    wajwaa:gcajl v

    to trust, have faith in. 2. to be

    storm.
    a'

    'J 1 .:j w.1a:gl V 1. to be free, at leisure.

    11'l1A61'\J waa'thasin',waaltha?sln' N oratory,

    vacant, unoccupied.
    I

    rhetoric, art of speaking effectively. N snack.


    11TI in L;11TI

    "1.!
    I

    8 .!l 11
    I

    .:j

    kh:S::>tJw~atJ'
    I I

    tl'lolwaathiil V 1. to debate. N 2.
    ~--

    'll8n1-!l

    ('ll8~,Ll'Vl.!l) ch:'ltJwfiatJ' (ch:'l:g',h:u') N

    short for fl1

    debate.

    'd1'W 'd 1'W

    (9)

    505 waan/ V to ask (someone) to do something occasion, period.

    'H

    @J

    for one.
    'd 1 'W lB waan/. See the entries below.
    ~

    1'W 'd 1 S::;


    -s y n. ll-Hl FI'W.
    4
    ~

    najwaara? / e 1 e g. on the occasion. rablab/waara?/ N eleg. agenda.

    S::; 6iJ8'U'd1S::;

    FI'W 'd 1'W khyynwaan/ last night. 6lcHJ 'd 1'W m~awaan/ yesterday. 'J 1'W:ti'W,d

    'd 1 H11 S ( ~'\J'U, 6 ~:J..I) waarasAan/ (chabab/, l@m/)

    periodical, magazine, journal. the day

    -.ff waansyyn/, waansyyn/nfi/


    ~

    'J1S::;~n waaradlthh/ elab. eleg. day.


    e:Jn'd1S::;'VI'W'l
    "' d

    before yesterday . .., 'J 1'WtJ waan/nfi/ yesterday. o


    6:J..IeJ'J1'W'W
    d
    m~awaan/nfi/

    ?lig/-waara?/nY1J/ eleg. oncemore,

    again. yesterday.
    'J 1 'J waaw/ V to be bright, shiny, flashing. 6V'Wif'W 'J 1 'd penman/waaw/ to be glossy, shiny.

    'd 1'W in 'J 1'W b Fl ~ eJ

    wa.ankhrya/ N relatives; lineage,


    I

    family.
    'J1'WS (A'J) waan;:>~m/ (tua/)

    Lb 'd ') ') 1 'd wc.c.wwaaw/ V to be glittering, glaring.


    v

    N lit. monkey.

    'd 1 'J

    ( l1l 'd) w!iw/* (tua/)

    N kite (for flying).

    'd 1'U wliab/ V to flash up, flare up suddenly. 1 ~ 'VI1 rJ 'J 1'U cajMaj /w.ab/ V to be shocked,

    'lin~ 1 'd cMgw.w/ V to fly a kite. ~1'd~'W1 (A'J) w!iwculaa/(tua/) N star-shaped


    kite (called the male).

    stunned with fear.

    '

    f'll 'J 1'U


    ~'U

    wabw.ab/

    to be flashing, dazzling,

    ~ 1 'Jtln

    b 1

    tJ

    (A'J) w1lwpagp1iw/ (tua/) N a diamond-

    glaring.
    'J 1'U wt1ubw.ab/ V to be flashing, flaring,

    shaped kite with a long tail (called the female).


    'J 1 Gl'W 1 w.asamla/ N fortune, fate, luck (as a con-

    glaring, glittering.
    6b 'd'U 'd 1'U
    w~bw.ab/

    sequence of deeds in a previous existence).


    'd1'W in

    V to be flashing, dazzling,

    i..J~1'd1'W (A'd) plaawaan/ (tua/) N whale.

    glittering.
    'd1rl. waaj/ the English letter "Y." [f. Eng.]

    ~nbjl'l, ~nqWi wikrld/ N lit. eleg. crisis.

    -Also

    ~nql11n1~,1nqWin161 wfkrldtakaan/ N crisis,

    l
    d 18

    'J rl"'.

    time of crisis.

    waav

    to end, decrease, finish.

    1n ~ in

    1n 61 ~ ~ l1l wfkon/carld/ V e leg. to be insane.

    1~ 'J 18

    m!ijwaaj/ cannot help, cannot refrain from.

    1n1~ wfkaan/ sV eleg. wrong, inappropriate, odd

    'J 18 'li'W:J.J waajchon/ V 1 it. to die. 'd 1r!i..J S 1m waajpraan/ V 1 it. to die. 'J1rls-18 waajraaj/ colloq. devilish. 881-1--

    (of time).
    81:J.J1n1~

    -see note under subentry.

    jaam/wfkaan/ N eleg. 1. wrong or

    inappropriate time, i.e. nighttime. 2. at an inappropriate time. -Also 2.

    slang

    extremely.
    chlbh<laj/waajw~bd/,

    1'W--

    NOTE.

    'd1rl'de:Jiil in ~'U'V118'd18'de:Jiil

    Primary reference is to the period from 12.00 noon to 6 A. M. when it is improper for priests to eat; but tJ 1:J.J1n 1~ is commonly used to refer to nighttime as an inappropriate time for some given action or activity.
    o'

    chib -- V to perish, be utterly ruined, destroyed. NOTE. Used by men sp. to men who are intimates; otherwise insulting. Cf. ~'U.
    l'W 'd 1 rJ

    wt1nwaaV V 1. to be in confusion, in a

    turmoil. 2. to concern oneself, bother oneself, make a fuss, fuss over. n 1 S-tumult. o 'd 'W'J181'1 wt1nwaaj/caj/ V to be confused, perturbed.
    'd 18 w.aj/ V to swim.
    I
    V

    1bfls-l::;'VI wfkhr:S?/ V eleg. toanalyze. n1s--

    disturbance,
    1 'l
    (9)

    analysis. in 1 'l 'd eJ'W witJW;:>;:>n/ V e 1 e g. to implore, beg, beseech.


    I

    '

    Fl 'd 1 :J..I- - pleading, supplication, ( '/! eJ, ~'\J'U,

    imploring, begging for mercy. Flo1--Chiefly in compounds.


    eJ 8 1 'l '1J s::; n 1 s )

    "'

    supplication, plea.

    'J 18'W"1 w.ajnaam/ V to swim.


    I

    1~
    d

    lB

    in ~ 'l b ~ tJ 'W wi:uwian/ V to be giddy, dizzy.

    U'VI'Jn'd18 w'Ec.gw.aj/ V toswimabout. 'J1S,'J1S::; waan/,waara:::::,waara?/ N eleg. 1.

    'J 'l

    wt:u/ V 1. to run. 2. co 11 o q. to get busy (contacting e.g. an official for a permit, a donor for a contribution).

    time, occasion, period. 2. 1 it. day. C 3. time,

    'H
    J J

    506 'J ~ bb tH wtukhe~)''


    J

    to race.
    1'111

    elaborately beautiful.
    ( ~'1.11)

    'J ~ Fl 'J'U wtukhOab" V to gallop. 'J


    J
    ~ ~ wtu~'ciil' ~ ~'J
    ~

    wfchaa' (wichaal') N 1. subject (of

    .t

    to run swiftly; to dart.

    study). 2. knowledge.
    n 'J lil1 '1.11 kuadwfchaa" V 1. to be tutored, coached,

    'J

    wtu'chlw" to run swiftly and smoothly,

    swiftly and uninterruptedly (of vehicles, ships).


    'J Hle:J wtu"tYY' to run very fast (of people, aniJ
    j

    taught (in order to make up a deficiency in one's studies). 2. to tutor, coach, teach (in order to help someone make up a deficiency). .., usually followed by 1 'Vi. _.In mng. 2.

    mals).
    J ..,
    ~

    'J

    b lii'W

    wtut~n'

    V 1. to run and hop about (as

    children). 2. co 11 o q. to scurry around, busy oneself, bend every effort (as when trying to obtain support for one's purpose, or when organizing things).
    'J ~ b'ilt! 'J wt:gptaw' N 1. a relay race in which
    J
    J(

    1'1.11n 1 ~ wichaakaan' N 1. knowledge. 2. tech-

    nology. 3. (as n. mod.) academic, theoretical, technical.


    ~

    tJ1tJ'J'I.i1n1~

    'Wn--

    scholar.

    faaj'wichaakaan" (on) the academic,


    I

    theoretical, technical side; the academic, theoretical, technical aspect. _.Com p. tJ 1 tJ 6 ~:::: n 1 ~ . q
    ~'1.11Fl ~
    'll

    two vertical poles are used as terminals. V 2. to run such a race.


    'J HHHl wt:gphiad" N 1. a relay race. V 2. to
    J
    v

    wichaakhruu" N education (as a subject

    run a relay race.


    'J ~ S" 1 'J wt:graawl' V to snatch and run away.
    J 'J ~ b "' S" 'J wt:grewl'
    J

    of study) . .., 1'1.11Fl'J 1:J.J~ wichaa~'khwaamn1u' N knowledge.


    'll

    ~'1.11Flo1'W 'J'W

    wichaal'khamnuan' N mathematics.

    1. to run fast, race (on foot). N

    1'1.11-ti~ wichaal'chiibl' N vocational education,


    vocational study.
    ~'1.11bb~'YW

    2. sports
    J
    v

    a dash.

    'J ~ 'J 'J wt:gwual' N 1. race. V 2. to run a race,

    "'

    wichaa~'ph~edl' N medicine (as a sub-

    to race.
    'J ~ 1'W wt:gwOn' V to run around busily (as when
    J

    ject of study).
    ~'1.11 L~'tJ wichaall~eg' N arithmetic.

    organizing something).
    'J HI'W wt:gniil V to run away.
    J
    J J ""

    1bVbV1bll. ( lii'J 1) winjaan' (dua:g') 11il

    N spirit, soul.

    wid' V to dip up, scoop up, bail.

    'J

    ~ b

    vm 1 '1

    wtu"jawjaw" to run slowly, trot along.

    1liln wftog" V to worry, be anxious.


    'lJ 11liln
    J.,
    ~

    'J

    ~ b'Vitl

    1:::: '1 wtu"jo?jo?l' idem.

    n.1a"witog' V to be worrisome, alarming.

    ~~tJ wfcajl' V to do research, investigate. n 1 S"--

    'Vi'J'W 'J lil n wan'witog"


    1lilbl1~

    to be worried, apprehensive.

    research, investigation.

    wfd(ta)th<lan" V eleg. tobeunconventional,

    ~1'\J~~tl :gaanwicajl' N researchwork.


    ~~1Hll. wicaan' V 1. to criticize, comment.

    abnormal, peculiar. 2. to
    1lil il'W , 11il1 il'W
    ~""

    w ftaminl' N vitamin. [f. Eur .]

    ponder, reflect.
    Flo1~~ 1 Hll. ( 'tl1, e:JtJ 14, 1h ::::n 1 S") khaml'wfcaan'
    (kh~b",
    r "-'
    I

    1 bl wfthli' N eleg. way, path, course. _.Syn. See 'tl11


    'U1'tl1Q
    .

    jaau". prakaan") N commentary, criti-

    ooad~'withii' N eleg. footpath, sidewalk.


    withli'thaau' N e lab. way, path.
    1TIEJ~ 1'\J:::: widthaja?l'tMana?l' N academic,

    cism.

    1QrJ1 ~
    1TIEJ

    1Tn~~1m (Fl'W) migwfcaan" (khon') N critic,


    commentator.
    ,J'n ~ :n HU.'U 1 'J
    o'l

    in

    educational standing.

    ( Fl'W)

    nagwfcaan~'khaaw" (khonl')

    i''U S eJ ~ 1TIEJ~ 1'\J::::

    rabr:J;:,:gl'-wfdthaja?l'tMana?l'

    N news commentator.

    to accredit, be accredited.
    1TIEJ 1 widthajaa' N knowledge.

    ~'vnn~1~1S"bll. wfpMag"wfcaan" V elab. to


    criticize, comment (critically), pass judgment.
    1~1i1S wfcld" V eleg. to be beautiful, splendid. 1~1i1S'WR1i11S wfcld~'phfdsadaan" V elab. to be

    "'

    _.Chiefly in com-

    pounds and often equiv. to - ology.

    ~lil1'tltJ 1 cldtawfdthajaa' N psychology.

    it'J 1TIEJ 1

    chii"wawidthajaa' N biology. pheesadl'wfdthajaa' N pharmacology.

    magnificent, gorgeous, fantastically beautiful,

    LJ16i''l.l1'tltJ 1

    507
    1'1'H'.l 1f11 ~ wfdthajaakaan/ N science, knowledge. 1'Yit'.l1'i'1'1'1'W6 ( l6'l:W,fil,DLJ) wfdthajaa/nfphon/ (H'~m/,
    d

    to do, the method of doing (something), procedure.


    'l'W wtn/ V to be torn, chipped.
    'lJ 11i1 'J 'W
    d

    chabab/}
    ~ ~
    I

    N e 1 e g. thesis, dissertation.

    khaadwtn/ V to be torn raggedly. wfnajl (kh~;:,/)


    N eleg. 1. discipline.

    'l'Yit'.l16W

    (U'l-H) wfdthajaalaj/ (hf:u/) N college,


    I

    1\i't'J

    ('IJeJ)

    school.

    2. rules of conduct.

    o :W'Vl11'Yit'.l 1 iu
    N university.
    0'

    ( U'Vi~ )

    mahaa/wfdthajaalaj/ (hf:n')

    ~::: l 'iJ t'J'U 1\i'u rablab'winajl N order and discipline.


    1'W 1.yj wfnaathii' C second (unit of time).

    hu 1 A 161 til

    wfdthajaasaad/ N science, i.e., the

    1'W 1 A w fn~adl

    V e 1 e g. to be ruined, destroyed,

    field of knowledge known as "the sciences."


    f11 ~-- scientific matters, affairs. \i'n--

    annihilated. sci-

    --Syn. See

    'leJii1'l1t'.l com.

    1'W1Af1n:W wfn~ad/sakam' N eleg. sabotage,

    entist.
    a'

    (man-made) destruction. -+Also


    <r'

    f11

    ~--.

    o 1'Yit'.l1A161til~LJS61'YIS wfdthajaasaad/b;:,;:,risud'
    9

    o n eJ n1 ~ 'J 'W 1 An~ s :w


    V
    v

    k~;:,kaan/ -win~ad'sakam'

    N pure science.
    <r'

    e 1 e g. to engage in sabotage, cause destruction. saboteur.

    o 1mJ 1A 161 til SDbli.Ti til

    ( Fl'W) wfdthajaasaad/ban::::

    1!.1 - 'IJ

    dld' N 1. a Bachelor of Science (khon/), 2. the Bachelor of Science degree.

    11'19~t'.l wfnfdchajl V eleg. to decide, judge, contemplate, consider.


    1'1JA wfbad/ N e 1 e g. calamity, destruction, catas-

    o 1mJ 1 A 161 ti1 s 'tJ s::: t'.9l fllil wfdthajaasaad'prajug'


    N applied science.
    A1;1'\J1'Yit'.l1 sinlapa?lwfdthajaa/ N arts and sci-

    trophe. --Syn.

    'W'tJA

    eleg.

    1LJ1f1 wiroag/ N eleg. adversity, calamity (as a

    ences.
    ~

    consequence of evil deeds in a previous life); retribution.


    d
    ~

    ~ 'lJ 1'Yit'.l 1 sug/khawfdthajaa/ N hygiene. 4 'l'YI~ ( lFlHH) wfdthaju?/ (khryau') N radio, wire-

    'l ~ 'l'U 1 f1 wtu/wfroag' N 1. obstacle race. V 2.

    less. -Also
    f11

    lFlSeJ~--.

    to run an obstacle race.


    1'\Jstil wfparld/* V eleg. 1. to be abnormal, unusual.

    cast; radio broadcasting.


    bFl
    4

    s 61 ~ 'l'Yit'J '
    ~

    kaanson'wfdthaju?l N radio broad-

    2. to be adverse.
    eJ1f11A1'tJsiii ?aakaad'wfparld' eleg. adverse
    ~

    s eJ 1 s'U 'l 'YI ~

    khryaurab/w fdthaju? / N radio -Also


    bFl S eJ ULJ
    .J
    d

    receiver.
    d I ~ bF1SeJ1611'l'YI~

    weather.
    1'1'11f1"& wfph~ag' V eleg. to criticize, judge. 1'1'11 n19 1 srn

    khryausou'wfdthaju?' N radio
    I

    transmitter.

    -Also

    b Fl S eJ 161 1

    wfpMag'wicaan/ V e 1a b. to criti-

    h~ns:::91t'.lb~t'.l1 wfdthaju?lkracaajsiau/ N
    radio broadcast.
    1'Yiu 1m Jl1'1'1
    9

    cize, comment (critically), pass judgment.


    1:W1'W

    (Vi;~) wimaan/ (lan') N 1. celestial mansion,


    celestial castle. 2. paradise.

    ( b A~ eJ
    ~

    ~ l widthaju?'thooraph~ab'
    1

    (khryau')
    <=::1

    N television; television set.

    11;1161 wfl~ad 1 V eleg. to be charming, attractive.

    c.
    9

    61 611'W 'l 'Ylt'.l

    ( 61611'W, bl'Vi1) sathaaniilwfdthajli?/

    1liil

    wflajl V eleg. to be beautiful.


    <r'

    (sathaanii', hf:u/)

    N radio station.

    11 wiw' N view. [f. Eng.] 1iliJJ'W wfwad 1 N eleg. prosperity, advancement. 1iliJJ'W1f11S wiwad'thanaa'kaan' N eleg. 1. evolution,

    1 b'Yl LAll 1 t'J w fthee' soobaajl N foreign policy.

    1G ( 15) wfthii' -s yn. '!11 ~

    (withii') N method, way, means.


    <Ql.

    progress, advancement, development. V 2. tc by means of. evolve, progress, advance, develop. evolution.
    1'l1'Yl wfw~ad 1 V eleg. toquarrel. -Syn. 'Yl:::Ul1:::, '11:::U'11:::1'l1'YI Fl 'l1:W--

    A 'J t'J 16 dfiajwithii/

    hu6f'WA16 dooj/san/tlwfthii/ by peaceful means.

    ~'Yis16 jud'thawfthii/ N strategy;tactics.


    1an1s

    (eJ~11,1S) wfthii'kaan' (jaau/,wfthii/)


    ( 16) withii/tham' (wfthii')

    thal:J?/wfw~ad' V elab. eleg.

    N method, procedure.
    16'!11

    to quarrel. N the way


    1 'l1 Vi, 1 'l1'Vi- wfwaa', wfwaa'ha:::: N e 1 eg. marriage.

    508

    'J'U
    '\1

    i/1~1n; chiiwfdlwfwaa'
    wedding ceremony.

    N eleg. married life.

    "' 'J l'l in

    '1J 1 'J "' 'J l'l

    kh.1awwiid' N wheat. [f. Eng.]

    1 'J 1 'H:W 'l r1 fl w fwaa'hamonkhon' N e 1 e g. wedding,

    ~ ~ . See entries below.

    ~ ~ n n :W wii'rakam' N e 1 e g. heroic performance.

    1 L'J n wfw@eg'

    N 1. solitude, quietude, loneliness.

    ~S'd'W (fl'W) wii'rachon' (khon') N eleg. hero,


    heroic person.

    V 2. to be lonely, tranquil, serene. solitude, quietness.

    rl'J1:W--

    ~~'US~ wii'raburltd' N eleg. hero. q q


    ~Siill'l~ wii'rasatrii' N eleg. heroine.
    ,J ...

    1A'Jn~ (rl'W) wfsawakoon' (khon') N eleg. engineer.

    'J 'J'W wti'wan' N day. 'J LL 'J 'J wtilweew' N inkling, indication, vague hint
    .J

    1A'J nn

    :w wfsawakam' N e 1 e g. engineering.

    -Also

    n1 ~-- .
    w fsawakam'fajfaa' N electrical
    "'

    or notion.

    1A'J n ~ ~ :w1'WJ1
    engineering.

    ~ liJ. See entries below.


    flU!'JaJ khun'nawud'thf?l N qualification, com q

    1A'Jnn:WA1iil~~ wfsawakam'masaad' N engi-

    petence.
    "' son'-khun'nawud'thf?' V to be o '11S 'lrlU!'JfilJ q q

    nee ring.

    1 LA~

    wfseed' V 1. to be excellent, superb, su-

    qualified, competent.
    'J aJiil J11 wud'thisaphaa' N Senate (the upper q

    preme, splendid. 2. to be miraculous, super.., natural, magic. ~-- one who possesses supernatural powers, magician, sorcerer.
    iJ 11 LA~ jaa'wfseed' N miracle drugs.

    house of the Thai legislature, replacing the earlier 'I'! b) li!l61 J11 )
    'JaJiil:W1-fln q ( rl'W ''W 1tl. ~1'W)

    wudthf?lsamaachfg'

    1 LA~W'

    wfseed' N gram. modifier (as an adjective,


    ~'W

    (khon', naajl, th.1n')

    N member of the Senate.

    an adverb).
    n Stl 11 LA~U! ka.rijaa'wtseed', -wfseed' N adverb.

    wOn' V 1. to be busy (with). 2. to fuss over. 3. to be confused.


    V
    I

    "'

    r111 LA~W' ( r11) kham'wtseed', -wfseed' (kham')


    N g r a m. modifier.
    "'

    'J 1 'J'W waaw0n' V to be in a state of confusion, q

    indecision.
    'J i
    J
    ~'W

    'Jiiln wfdsakti' N wiskey. [f. Eng.]

    J'

    wtnwOn' V to run around busily (as when

    1&1'tJ wfsajl eleg. 1. (one's) habit, nature, mental

    organizing something).
    ~ 'W 'J

    nature, disposition. 2. boundary, limit.


    'I'I'W'JiiliJ ph6n'wfsajl V to be beyond human con-

    ..,

    "'

    ...

    1 tJ wOnwaaj I

    V 1. to be in confusion, in a

    turmoil. 2. to concern oneself, bother oneself, make a fuss, fuss over. n 1 S-tumult. disturbance,

    trol, beyond the power of, beyond the limit of.

    ~(il1&1'tl sud'wfsajl q

    to be impossible to do, be

    r1 'J 1 :W- - confusion, turbulence.


    wOnwaajlcajl V to be confused, per-

    beyond human power.

    n 1 s--

    impossibility.

    ~'W 'J 1 iJ 1 'l

    o L'Hl'liilA1&1'tl heed'-sud'wfsa.jl N unavoidable q q circumstances, circumstances beyond one's control.


    ~'W

    turbed. wun' N gelatin, jelly, agar-agar.


    'J'W L61'W wuns@n' N bean thread, bean vermicelli. q 'J'IJ wOub' V 1. (a flame) to flare (up); (a candle,
    '\1

    1iil1~bl! wfsa.alman' eleg. extraordinary, special,


    irregular. -Ant. iil1~bl!.

    a light) to flare up and go out, be suddenly extinguished. C 2. gust (of wind). sV 3. (extinguished)

    1iil1~bl!An~1 wfsa.a'man'-sygsa.a' N eleg. 1.


    secondary education. 2. {formerly) technical education. -+Opp. ~ 1~bl!An~1.

    (1)'\.J 'J 'IJ dabwOub' 1. to go out, be extinguished,


    '\1

    ...

    suddenly. 4. in a gust, in gusts.

    1~1iil::; (fl'U) wfsaa'sa?'(ka=:) V eleg. 1. to converse, associate (with) in a friendly manner. N 2. acquaintance, intimacy.
    1'H1 ~ ( mi' 'l) wfbaan1 (Ian')

    snuffed out suddenly (of a flame, light). 2. to blank out, pass out suddenly (of a person).
    ~'IJ 'U'W:W 1
    ,t

    w0ub'kh1nmaa' (fire, anger, sexual desire

    N temple.
    ~'IJ

    etc.) to flare up, rise up suddenly.


    'J 1'\.J

    ~. wii' the English letter "V." [f. Eng.]

    w0ubw.1ab' V to be flashing, flaring,

    509

    L'Hl1

    glaring, glittering.
    'HHl'l'l~J-J wuulfreem"* tungsten, wolfram, wolframite.
    'II

    (to do something). 2. to be time for (a given) shift (of duty, work).


    LiJ'W 'J

    [f. Eng.]
    'J 'l1J-l w1luwaam" V 1. to spread, flare (up)(as of
    'II

    ~ ~ Fl L1J'W L'J ~ penwag"penween" e 1 a b. co 11 o q.

    on and on, at great length, continuously, excessively (of speaking, crying).


    I

    fire, anger 1 love). 2. to act hastily, without due judgment.


    ~

    eJ tl l 'J ~
    'U

    juuween" to be on duty.

    L'l -1 See
    L'l '1
    "

    'l '1 L'l '1


    .I

    L'J S l1

    ween" N 1. bad deeds, sins, misfortune.

    ( 'Vtel '1 , LL 'Vii , 'tl) wed"* (h~tJ" btu", thti") N

    2. grudge, ill-will.
    '1 eJ ~ b 'J S,-- '1 el '1 f1

    " vulg. toilet. -Syn. l.i'J:W com., 'U~~'tl


    euphe m. L'l 'If- See entries below. o
    L'J 'lin~~ :W w~ed"chakam" N 1 it. treatment of

    J-l ( lil el)

    C:J:JtJ"ween/, C:J:Jt)/::::;

    ween" -c:J:JtJ"kam"- (to:J::::;) V e 1 a b. 1. to hold a grudge (against). 2. to seek revenge.


    b 'J S f1 S S d-J ween"kam" N 1. fate, misfortune (as

    diseases.
    ~

    a result of karma). E 2. excl. expressing one's


    I

    a'

    L'l'liJlbiJ.'fl

    (eltl1'1) w~ed"chaphan" (jaau")

    feelings toward some misfortune, ill fate, bad luck.


    b 'J ~ 1 weelaa" N com. 1. time. C 2. time, occasion.

    1 it. medical supplies. o L'J 'If f1161lil ~ w~edchasaad" N 1 it. medical science.
    L'J'tl'W1
    w~ed"thanaa/

    "'

    Often rendered in English by a conjunction or


    V eleg. topity.
    Fl'l1d-J--

    preposition: while; at (the time when); at (a specific hour). -Syn. L'W~ 1 cw 1 it. o L'J~161eJ'lL:W-'l weelaa/s:S:Jumoou" 1. it's two o'clock. 2. at two o'clock. o

    pity.
    'W 1 L'l 'tl'W 1 n~aw~ed"thanaa" to be pitiful, pathetic.
    L'l'Yld-J'Wlil~,-d-J'Wlil

    ('U'Yl) w~edmon"(bbd")

    N magic

    spell, charm.
    L'l

    L'J~TlJS:;;'If:J.JeUeJ1Llil weelaa"-prachum"sii?aa"tl'lo"

    f1 ( L'l f1)
    L'l ~;w 'l fJ

    weethii" (weethii")

    N 1. stage (of

    at the SEATO Conference.


    f1 el'W L'l ~ 1 ko:Jn"weelaa" early, ahead of time. n'W L'J ~ 1 kin"weelaa" to take time; to take, last

    theater); platform.
    ( L'l ~) weethii"muaV (weethii")

    boxing ring.
    I

    (so and so many hours, days, etc.). 'il.l1 L'l ~ 1


    kh~a"weelaa"

    l 'l'W in L'l'WA'W

    ween"khyyn" V to surrender back

    to kill time. [tr. f. Eng.]

    (e.g. land, rank, to king or government). L'l'W wen/* V to omit, skip, skip over.
    -1 fl b 'l'W u6dwen"

    b ~ fJ fl b 'J ~ 1

    clad"weelaa" to take a bit of time off,

    spare a little time (for some purpose).

    to refrain (from), abstain

    J'l b 'J ~ 1
    J.,

    chilaweelaa" for, in (the time of); (for,


    J.,

    (from).

    in) a period (of). every single o 'IJ'J b'J~161eJ'l'li'JL:W~ chtlaweelaa"s:S:Jt]Chtlamoou" for two hours; in two hours. o 'II'Jb'J~1eJnl:w'lf1 chOaweelaa.l?ligm~jcMa" it won't be long now (until something takes place).
    I

    1~ L; 'W ll~ ~:;; .J'W m~jwen"tedawan"


    day out.

    day, without missing a single day, day in and

    ,i,

    .:::::1

    'iJ

    f:Jf1 l 'l'W j6gwen" V to except, exempt.


    ~:;;

    L'l 'W hi? "wen" V to abstain from, keep away from, shun.

    'lf'l 'l b 'J ~ 1 chOauweelaa" N spell, period of time.

    l;L 'Jfil1 d~jweelaa"


    except, unless, exceptlil ~ 'l b 'J fil1 lil fil eJ fl b 'J fil1

    V 1. to reach the time (of).

    L 'l'Wlllil wentee", wentf:e::::;

    2. it's the time (to do such and such). trou"weelaa" V to be on time, punctual. talo:Jd"weelaa" all the time.

    ing. L'l'W 'l ~ S" Fl wenwag" V to leave spaces (between phrases, clauses, sentences). L'J ~ cw ween" N 1. turn; shift (as of work, duty). C 2. elf. for same.
    d

    lil1 S 1 -1 b 'J ~ 1 taaraau"weelaa" N timetable. TI'W b 'J fil T than"weelaa/ in time.

    1'W b 'J ~ 1
    '

    najweelaa/ at (such and such a) time, at

    fH L'J

    thY:uween" 1. to reach (someone s) turn

    the time of, in, during.

    L 'HI1

    510
    sleeping.
    L 'J fl1'W weelaanii' at this time, nowadays.
    I

    L 'HJ'W

    <>

    o 1 'W L 'J fl1 n fl1 ~ ~ n najweelaa'klaandyg' in the deep of the night.


    J'

    J'

    o 1 'W L'J fl1'W najweelaanfi' at this time, at the


    present time, nowadays.

    L 'J GI1'U 1 tJ weelaabaajl N 1. the afternoon.

    2. in

    the afternoon.

    -s y n.

    l'l e:J'W'LI1 8 .

    o 1'W L 'Jfl1l~J1 najweelaa'mtljchcia' soon,


    shortly, in a short time.

    L 'J flTVW'U weelaaph16b/ N 1. twilight time, dusk.

    2. at dusk.
    L 'J GI1LI'I; L
    L'Jfl1tl"1s~
    9

    o 1 'W L'J fl1 eJ'W ~ 1 ~ L 1' 'J najweelaa/? anr1ladrew' in


    a very short time, very quickly (of time).
    '1..11
    ~

    1'1; weelaa'phl6ophlee'

    idem.

    weelaa'jtlmr1lu' N 1. dawn. 2. at

    L 'J fl1 baa:gweelaa' sometimes.

    dawn.

    'lJ~n L'J fl1 pllig'weelaa' to squeeze in a bit of


    time, make a little time (for some unscheduled, or unexpected matter), spare a little time.
    dJ'W L 'J fl1

    "' weelaajen/ N 1. evening. L 'J fl1 L tJ'W


    evening. -Syn. 1.
    L1fl1ii11rl'WVl

    .-

    2. in the lit., 1.2.

    cv penweelaa' 1. to be regular, con-

    L 'J fl1 'J 1-1 weelaawttan' N free time, spare time,

    stant. 2. regularly.
    L~'W L 'J fl1 l!:l penweelaa', penweelaa:::

    leisure time. 1. to be

    L'J fl161"''W~ weelaa'santl ?I N 1. peace time. 2.


    in time of peace.
    L 'J fl1 iii 1 ~ weelaasaau' N 1. the dawn.
    Vl:W~

    (such and such) a length of time. 2. for (such and such) a length of time.

    2. at dawn.

    o L.U'W L'J Gl1'W 1'W penweelaanaan/ 1. to be a long


    time. 2. for a long time.

    L 1 fl1 mod'weelaa 1

    the time is up. -Syn. '1'11 com., 'WJl1

    L1Vl1 weeM.a' N lit. sky.

    o L~'W L 'J 6'11 ._,

    ihn LL; 'J

    penweelaa 1 - hogpii'maa:::
    L 'J 1

    lit.,eleg.

    ltew' 1. it has been six years. 2. for the past


    six years.
    ~ ::;L tl ~ L 'J fl1
    ( Gl n) rab~ad'weelaa' (11lug')
    'U

    cv waw/ V 1. to talk to, speak to. 2. co 11 o q.


    to court, woo.

    L 11 l!:l

    waw' V to be concave.
    I

    time bomb.
    ~::: tJ:::

    n ~::: ~ n L1 1
    baan')

    ( Uf.J'W, '1..1 1'\J)

    kracog'waw' (phE:n',

    L 'J 6'11 raj<i?'weelaa' N interval, period

    N cancave mirror.

    of time.

    L 'J 1lbVl1 ~ waww'E:u' V to be jagged, irregular, L 1 fl1 ch1laraja?lweelaa' (for) a period


    ~

    o J-1

    ~::: tJ:::

    curving in and out (as of a coastline, a jaggedly torn hemline, a nibbled piece of bread).
    'U 'U

    of, (for) a time interval of.

    1'W ~::: tJ::: L 'J Gl1


    of time).

    najraja?lweelaa' within (a length

    L 1 ~ in

    L -J ~ 'J 1 ~ w8a:gwaan' V 1. to be wide, vast,

    vast and empty. 2. to be affected by a sense of the vastness, emptiness of one's surroundings.
    .L 1't~ -1 sl'W'YIS wiancan' N Vientiane, a city in Laos. L 1't~ R'W 1:W wtadnaam' N Vietnam. [f. Viet.]

    L 'J fl1 n 6'11 ~ A'W weelaa'klaa:gkhyyn' N 1. nighttime.

    2. at night.
    I

    1'W--

    at night, in the nighttime. N (in the) evening, (at)

    L1tJ~ wiau' N archaic,dial. city, town.

    L'Jfl1Fh weelaakhtlm'

    night. -+Syn.
    L 1 fl1

    l'l e:J'WF1"1.

    "' L'!11 weelaachaaw' N 1. morning, morning ..,


    l'le:J'WLV1.

    L1t~R:l'J'W wtadmin' N Vietminh. [f. Viet.]


    L 1't~'W wian' V to circle; to turn (round and round). 1T'W llil L 1't~'W ( el'W, 1T'W llil)

    time. 2. inthemorning. -+Syn.

    L1flU:::1'Wl'ln~'W weelaal-tawan'togdin' eleg.


    at sunset.
    L 'J fl1 L~ 1l ~ Fl i''LI weelaa'tMwraj/- khrab' What
    .J<; ~ nL:W-'lFl~'LI.

    bandajlwian' (?an', ban:::

    dajl)

    N e 1 e g. spiral staircase. 1. to go back and

    'J n l 'lJ L 1 tl'W:W 1 w6gpajlwianmaa'

    timeisit? -+Also
    L 1 Gl1 L'YW
    .J

    forth, or round and round (between two or more places or subjects). 2. to be winding (as of road) .
    'Jn L 1't~'W w6gwian' idem. 'J.;) L 1't~'W ( eJ'W, 'J ~) wonwian' N 1. compass (?an 1 ).

    weelaathtau' N 1. noon. 2. at noon.


    .J l'le:J'WL'Yitl~.

    -+Syn.

    L'J fl1'W e:J'W weelaan:xm' N 1. bed time. 2. when

    (one) goes to bed, while lying down, while

    2. traffic circle (won').

    511
    'J'W1tJ L1EJ'W:W1 wonpajlwianmaa' elab. to go

    colloq. a flash, a short instant of time, a split second.


    J''Jbb'J'U

    around, go to and fro (within a certain area); to be winding (as of a road); to be circuitous. 2. around; to and fro; in a roundabout manner. o
    L~'W 'J'Wl tJ L1 EJ'W:W 1 d<::~;:m'-wonpaj'wianmaa'

    b~EJ'J chOaw~b'diaw'
    w~bwtb'

    for a split second.

    'J el'U Lb 'J'U

    V colloq. to be flashing,

    shining, glittering.
    bb 'J'U 'J 1'\.J wtbw!lab' V to be flashing, dazzling,

    e lab. to walk around, walk to and fro, pace back and forth.
    'J'W L1 EJ'W wonwian' V 1. to go around (within an

    glittering.
    bb 'J 'J weew' N 1. look, expression. 2. keen observa-

    area); to be winding (as of a road); to be circuitous; to go through a cycle. 2. co 11 o q. to hang around (in an area). sV 3. around, in a roundabout manner.
    d

    tion. 3. sign, inkling.


    'J LL 'J 'J wtiweew' N inkling, indication, vague hint

    or notion. Lb 'J 'J li11 weewtaal N expression of the eye, gleam in the eye.
    Lb 'J 'J 'J 1 'J weewwaawl V to be glittering, glaring. Lb 'J 'J w~wl*

    1'l

    b 1u'W w4Jwian' V to be giddy, dizzy.

    b 1u'W'l1''J wianhtia' V to feel giddy, dizzy.

    vnT ~ ~ eJ b 1u'W
    circular.

    ( lil.D'U) nansyyr'wian' (chabab')

    1. to hear indistinctly. 2. to be heard

    indistinctly.

    'Vl:W' W b 1 EJ'W munwian' q bb 'J f1 See


    bb'J~

    to rotate, turn.

    bb ~ 'J b ~[! 'l wtwsian'

    to hear indistinctly.

    'J eJ f1bb 'J f1 (

    Lb 'J::: wt?l V to stop in, drop in (to see someone).

    "' in L~'Wbb'J'l
    ween'

    "' L~'W) s@nween' (s@n') N geog.


    b~'WH.
    q

    L'J EJ

    woojl N i mit. the sound of a call, of an answer to a call.

    longitude. -+Opp.
    bb 'J
    ~

    1. to turn back or sideways (in order

    ; eJ ~ L 'J EJ 'J 1 EJ r:S;:,nlwoojwaajl to shout, cry, scream

    to strike or bite). 2. to betray friendship or kindness (by backbiting, double-crossing, etc.).


    bb 'J lil in bb 'J lil61 eJ:W L;EJ

    (as for help).


    @

    w6ojl idem.

    L'JEJ.

    wtedl:S;:,ml V 1. to surround. 2.

    L;EJ
    1 'J

    LJ

    Pt rustic or vulgar final particle. -+Cf. 'J:::

    to be surrounded.

    L 'J'Vl1 ~ woohaan' N 1. eloquence, oratory. ~. idio-

    matic use of the language. N circumstance. wajl V to be quick (either physically or mentally).

    ~-HL'Jiil;eJ:W (~i,eJU1~)
    jaan')
    Lb 'J'W
    @ (

    sln 1 wtedl5:>m'(sln'.

    ~'U l 'J chabwajl quickly, instantly, promptly.

    N environment, surroundings.

    J'l eJ l

    'J myywajl V idiom. to be thievish, light-

    el'W) wtn'* (?an') N 1. lens. 2. glasses,

    fingered.

    spectacles. C 3. elf. for thin round slices (as of sausage, cucumber). -+Com p. 1. f1
    bb"lf1bb'J'W d:egwtn' V slang
    ~:::

    ~ eJ ~ 1 'J w~nwaj I
    to be quick.

    V to be agile.

    "l f1

    1'J1~ wajfajl V 1. to be inflammable. 2. slang

    to give (someone)

    a black eye.
    ~

    1; wajl
    N glasses, specta-

    1. to keep, leave, place, put (something

    bb 'J'W 'tW 1 EJ

    ( e:J'W) wtnkhaj:lajl (?an') N magnifying

    somewhere). sV 2. up, away (completive sense; often in the sense of keeping for use, or to have on hand; also in the sense of being left in a certain position).

    lens, magnifying glass.


    bb 'J'Wii11 ( el'W) wtntaa' (?an')
    I

    cles. o '1.1v~U'J'Wii11 ('llvn s:>:>n'wtntaa' (s:>:>n') eyeglass case .


    .,_, I

    f1 eJ 'l ( )

    1; b:>n'( ... )wajl

    to heap, pile (some-

    thing) up.
    (U'J'WbbFl'J'W) wtnkhy,rten'* f11'Vl'Wiil ( )

    bb'J'W LJ in

    LL'J'WbLFl'J'W

    l; (1) kamnbd'( ... )wajl; (2) kamnbd

    1 :::

    (wtnkhween')

    N territory, province, state. to shirk, sneak


    ~

    wajl 1. to fix, stipulate (something). 2. to be fixed, stipulated. ..., Lf1'U ( ) l 'J keb'( ... )wajl to store up, put up,

    bb 'J'U wtbl* V 1. to flash. 2. s 1 a ng

    away from, evade one's work or duty. C 3.

    512 keep (something). 'll.:j ( . )


    bfft~ .:j ( .. )

    1; lfau/( ... )waY

    to raise, breed

    1; kMu/( ... )waj/

    to cage, pen (some-

    (animals), keep (pets). 'J 1-:j ( .. )

    thing) up.

    1; (1) waau/( ... )waj/; (2) waau/waV


    wen/wajtec::::: except, excepting.

    1'V 1 'J

    "'

    khaj/waj/ to lay eggs (and leave them). 1. to remain, be left. 2. to be

    1. to place, lay, set up, establish, fix, stipulate

    A 1-:j 1; khaau/waj/
    be owing.
    HI ( )

    (something). 2. to be laid, set up, established.


    b ;'W 1

    left unfinished, partly done. 3. to be in debt,

    ;u~

    1;1~
    to postpone (someo

    wajcaj/

    to trust, have faith in. Fl'J1J,J--

    1; u6d/(, . )waj/

    trust.

    thing), put (something) aside for the time being.


    :;:(1 ( ) 1; (1,2) cam/( .. )waj/; (3) cam/waVl

    ~ 11 ;1 ~

    n.a/wajcaj/ to be trustworthy.

    1 ;V11il

    waj/chiiwfd/ V to spare the life {of). wa jtht1g/

    V 1. to confine, lock up, put away. 2. to fix in one's mind. 3. Remember that!

    1;'Yl n;
    ..,q

    v to be in mourning.

    1 'J 'J 1 .:j 1 ~


    1 to

    wajwaaucaj/

    to trust, have faith in.

    ~nn'IJ1; ctagkab/waj/ to set out a trap. nn1;(~-!l) souwaj/(s1{)::::) v lit.,eleg.


    possess (e.g. quality, dignity).
    n"1 ( .. )

    ;! 1iJ

    waj/?aalaj/ (a ceremony, act, speech)

    to be in memory (of).
    61 rlA

    ( ... )1 'J..,

    sakad/( ... )waj/ to cut off, intercept,

    1; tham/( ... )waj/ 1; thfu/( ... )waj/


    (1)

    to make up, prepare

    block, halt (something which is in motion).


    b a 1 ( ... )

    (something); to have made, have done (some-

    1; (1) ?aw/( ... )waj/, -waj::::; (2,3) ?aw::::


    1. to take (and keep), keep, put,

    thing). to leave (something)

    waj/, -waj::::

    .:j ( . )

    put down, put away. 2. to put off, postpone. 3. up, away, off (as in store up, put away, etc.; in this sense similar to 1; as a secondary verb).

    (inacertainplace). -Dist. -!l( ... )1'lJ,

    "' ... )L~J. ll-!l(


    bVA

    ( . )1;

    p~dd/(, .. )waj/;

    (2)

    p~dd/waV
    o

    -For additional examples see cross reference.

    1. to leave (something) open, open (something) and leave (it) open. 2. to be open, be kept open.

    n 1 b J 11; kaa/?awwa.V V to mark, mark off


    (as with an x, check mark, etc.).
    b n'IJ LJ 11 'J

    f.ln ( ) 'II

    1; (1) phuug/( ... )waj/; (2) phuug/waV 1; ill.ag/(, . )waj/


    to leave (something)

    "'

    ..,

    keb/?awwaV to store up, put up,

    1. to tie (something) up, keep (something) tied


    up. 2. to be tied, tied up, kept tied up. r..l1 n (

    keep.

    1 'J tl"'.

    waaj/* the English letter "Y:' [f. Eng.] -Also 'J1tl.

    . )

    (with someone), entrust (something) (to someone's care), deposit, put (something) on deposit (with).

    1'Jli10S; wajjaak:J:Jn/ N grammar.

    1'JLa~'W (A'W)waj?oolin/ {khan/) N violin. [f.Eng.]

    1 'J 1J L~Iii
    fauhliu/wajhtiu/ idiom. to take (things

    ~HJn) waj?ooled/ {d:,:Jg/) N violet {the

    ,r.:jV11 ;VI
    'II 'II

    flower). [f. Eng.]

    one hears) with a grain of salt.

    ~ ( ... )1 'J..,
    on hand.

    mii/( .. )waV to have (something)

    1~1 ;VI~1

    m.jwaj/n.a/ without sparing (the feelfi s:S:J/ HIGH consonant. Pronounced s initially, d finally. The sound s as an initial high consonant is most frequently written with in rare instances written with fin o
    (9)

    ings of) anyone, without respect for anyone.

    ~A ( . ) 1;

    jyd/( ... )waV 1. to confiscate. 2.

    to hold up, hold together, support, prop (something) (i.e. in order to keep it from falling down, fallingapart).

    61 , but it is also
    ~.

    sog/

    eleg. era,year.

    i''IJ ( )1;
    hospital).

    rab/( ... )waV 1. to accept (and

    Lbl~ .:j fin 1 VI~


    l'

    thal~du/sogmaV

    to begin a new

    keep) (something). 2. to admit (e.g. patients to


    0

    era, a new year. r'Jn'W sognfi/ this era; this year.

    An

    (i;)

    513
    ~A8n tiis?J;,g/ V boxing

    fl ~ Gi [;]An khrfd/tasog/ N the Christian Era. [ fl~Gi[;l f. Eng.) -Also fl~Gimfnnv. 'W'tlS An phlid/thasog/ N The Buddhist Era. -Also

    to hit with the elbow.

    e:Jn Gi 1:WA 8n ?(lg/saams?J;,g/ V 1. (a man) to be


    broad-chested. 2. to be a masculine type, a he- man.

    '

    'W'tlSFlnnv.
    l-'J

    An

    '

    in

    'VItJn An jagsog/ V (hair) to be wavy. 'VItJn1An.

    -Also

    Ali1 'J ~ ~ 'ij- sadtawad/ A'W

    century. N corpse.

    "' Ffn ~ sag/ N rank, authority, status. "' dl'l'J~~Ffn~ kladtisag/ N prestige. "' 'tlS" ~Ffn~ so:usag/ V eleg. to possess rank (position).
    'U ~ ~ li11 Ffn ~

    ( A'W) sob/ (sob/)

    n ~ :::'U 'J'WA'W krabuan/sob/ N funeral procession.


    <: 1'WA'W :uaansob/ N funeral.

    "'

    bandaasag/ N the conferred title of


    9

    rank of the nobility. -See note under 'iJ'W'W 1 ~ N corpse,

    '111 n A'W ( '111 n) s.1agsob/ (s.1ag/)

    Kn~"'~11f sagsld/ v
    sacredness.

    to be holy, sacred. A11:w--

    remains (of a person).


    tl6HA'W plo:usob/ V eleg. to cremate. Le.J 1 A'W phltwsob/ V com. to cremate.

    Kn S" 1V sagkaraad/* N era (of time reckoning).

    fl~51111AnS1'ti khrfd/sagkaraad/ N the Christian


    era, A.D. [A~51111 f. Eng.) -+Abbrev. A.A. -Also
    9

    ~ ~ A'W f<l:usob/ V to bury a corpse.

    ' 'W s- :::'U ~l.JA'W


    As

    o mn.J~~A'W

    ' phrab:Jrommasob/
    n 1 S"--

    ('V161l.J) lilm/fa:usob/ (lilm/) Ngrave.

    fl~Gili1All.

    N roy. corpse

    '161 An~ 1 'if cun/lasagkaraad/ N the Thai minor era,

    of a king.
    'U

    roy. royal funeral.


    9

    beginning March 21, 638 A. D. -Abbrev. '1. A. 'W'I16 Ann v phlid/thasagkaraad/ N the Buddhist era, B. E.
    Fliii ~
    'U

    ( 61 n , li11l n , A'W) s3::m/ N 1. arrow (lt1ug/, d?:l;,g/).

    2. bow (khan/). -Chiefly in compounds.

    -Abbrev. 'W. A.

    -Also 'W'11orln.

    1r: ~A~

    koo:us3;,n/ V to draw a bow. N .bow (the

    ( A'W, vl1)

    sadtruu/ N com. enemy, foe (khon/ -Syn.

    '

    A'WA S ( A'W) khans5;,n/ (khan/)

    for persons; tua/ for animals).


    "'

    ;1~n

    weapon).
    61 n A~
    'U

    ( 61 n , li18 n ) lt1ugs5;,n/ (lt1ug/, d?:l;,g/)


    'U

    com., 'IJ~lJfl'ij- eleg. "' A'W'11 (Ao1,vl'l) sab/ (kham/,tua/) N vocabulary, words, word.

    arrow.
    A i''l'lo1 sadthaa/ N 1. confidence, faith.

    have faith.
    r1 sii/ "'~

    -Syn. 2.

    v 2. L~Jl.JLGi, L~1~1.

    to

    AThrfr~'11,fl"1-(vl1) khunnasab/, kham/khunnasab' 9


    (kham') N adjective.
    TI'U rf'W'tl tMbsab' V 1. to borrow a word (from

    "'

    N 1. splendor, beauty, excellence, dignity,

    virtue, glory, good fortune, wealth, (Le. the summation of all these things). 2. element occurring in place names, as in second entry below.
    flbv.'W :i::: A~ i'lii'Wii1 i'l'J khun/ -phrasli/rad/tanatraj/

    another language), to transliterate. 2. to be borrowed, transliterated.


    1m A'W'tl
    "' d

    ( LA~ 8 ~) thoorasab' (khr)}an')

    N 1.

    telephone. V 2. to telephone.
    rt'61l'J, rf61l'J. See entries below. A61l'JbbY1'11l'J ('W1l'J,fl'W) san'japMed' (naaj',khon')
    I
    ~

    '

    N the Virtues of the Three Gems.

    'WASA~onJ.JncJ nakh;,;,n/-sii/thammar.1ad/ N
    Nakhqn Sithammarat (Nakorn Sritamarat or Sridhamaraj), a township in S Thailand.

    N eleg. surgeon.
    1 An Ff6ll'J"' soogsan/ AGili1S116. See 9
    A 1 'W ~ Jl'l 'W A'l 6l
    ~
    I

    -Syn. 'VI:J..J8e.J11i1171

    com.

    to be very sad, grieved.

    A1Gili1S"'ld6. 9

    A8n s?J;,g/ C 1. cubit, i.e. a linear measure based


    on the distance from elbow to fingertips, equivalent to about half a yard. one Four A8 n equal

    saantiph.1ab/ N peacefulness, peace.


    f'l161, 66'1-H)

    <Ql

    s<lan' (saan/, hE.:u')


    1 s ~ f'l161

    N court of

    law.
    I

    -s y n.
    ( A'W)

    co 11 o q.

    11, q.v. N 2. elbow (chiefly in com-

    'iJ'W A161 kh}Tnsaan' V to appear in court, go to court.


    '1 1 f'l161

    pounds).

    caas.il:an/ (khon')

    N court clerk. N colloq.

    " " " 'iJ 8 A8 n ( 'iJ 8 A8 n , 'iJ 1 ~ )


    kh.1an/) N elbow.

    kh~;,s?:l;,g/ (kh~;,s?:l;,g/,

    1nf'l161

    (1n)

    roo:usltan/ (roon/)

    court of law.

    514

    Al mL 'IJ 'J ~ saankhwteu' N district court.


    A1~~fl1 s~andiikaa' N supremecourt.
    A1 ~ l

    A18lil S1 "11 s l'J

    ( A'W)

    saadsatraalcaanl, saasa- (khonl)

    N professor.

    -ct.

    eJ 1 'l1 s l'J

    ~ nLl61::;
    I

    Ll'J 1 'J 'li'W saandeg'lejawwachon' N

    A181il S1 'J 6 saadtraa'wud' N e leg. weapons. q A18'W1 (A18'W1)

    juvenile court.
    A 161 LL YH saanphtu' N civil court. f11 ~ eJ 1b]J 1 saan?aajaa' N criminal court. A1 ~ eJ '116 HI! saan?uth:x:m' N appellate court. 9 A1 ~ t.J

    saasamla' (saasan~a')

    N religion.

    ~1'16 A 18 'W 1

    phud'thasaasan~a'

    N Buddhism, Bud-

    dhist religion. -+Also


    A18'W1A!81i1

    ..

    S::;- - .

    saasanaa'khrid' N Christianity. N Brahmanism.

    in :J.J'Vf1 A1 ~ mah~a'saan' co 11 o q. great,

    A18'W1~S1'Vf:J.JU! saasan~a'phraam'
    f118'W1~'YI6
    9

    huge, enormous, tremendous.


    A1 ~
    r;n (

    saasanaa'phlid' N Buddhism.

    LL'Vf ~) siian' (hf:u')

    N small shrine in the

    A18'W 1 ~8~ 1:J.J saasan~al?'isala~m' N Islam,

    form of a house, intended as a residence for a spirit.


    A1 ~ 1 ( 'Vfi ~)

    Mohammedanism.

    saalaa' (lau') N 1. a pavilion, used

    N missionary.
    FHS1'll in

    as a shelter and a place for rest and relaxation. 2. a hall, a public building (in compounds, and as an element in proper nouns, e.g. in names of theaters).

    LsHW1'\J1~FHS1'll roouphajaabaan'::::

    sirlrtlad'* pN the Sirirat (Siraraj)Hospital in Thonburi.


    fiwt.J,

    A~'\J..

    sinlapa?t, sinlapa::::, sin' N 1. art. 2.

    A1 t11 n ~ 1 ~ saalaaklaau' N city hall, town hall.


    8'1JA1~1
    9

    arts, crafts.
    'J 1'11Am.J,- fimT waa'thasin' N rhetoric, oratory,

    sug'saalaa' N medical station.

    A18 filS saad' N (branch or field of) knowledge.

    art of speaking effectively.


    A61'\Jn S S:J.J sinlapakam' N art object, work of art,

    -+Chiefly in compounds, usually as the second member. Sometimes to be translated "-ology." -+See also f1 'l 8 fil S1 'l1 Sl'J
    n 61 A18 filS konlasaad' N mechanics (the science).
    r

    artistic work. o '\Js::;i\llilfi~'\Jnss:w prantid'slnlapakam' N fine work, delicate work (of art or handicraft).
    fi~'l1~'11l'J1 sinlapa?lwfdthajaal N arts and sciences.

    l n''e}fil Sf118 filS kaseedsaad' N agriculture (as a

    science), agricultural science.


    r

    ;el~A61'\J (;eJ~,lL~~)
    studio.
    A6J'\J::; in

    Musln'

    (h~u 1,hf:u 1 )

    N art

    Cii1S1A18filS daaraasaad' N astronomy. '\J s::; 1~ f11 8 lil s prawad'tisaad' N history.


    ~bl fl ~f118 fils .LL~'l'll'JA18lilS
    o'

    1SAA6J'\J::; r6og'slnlapa?l

    N medicine (as

    phryg' sasaad' N botany. pMedsaad' N medicine (as a sci-

    an art or science); therapeutics .


    fimJ 1n s sinlapaak;:,;:,n' N fine arts.

    ence).
    r

    fi~il'W ( A'W) sinlapin' (khon')


    phuumf saad' N geography.
    o'

    N artist. N stone,

    Jlil f118 fils 'II


    9

    A6l1

    ( n"'J'W,

    LL~'W)

    sllaal

    (k~;:,n', phn')

    l'J 1'16 A18 fils jud'thasaad' N military strategy;

    military science.

    rock. .. A~l'J ( A'W)

    The elf. phf:nl is used for a flat stone. sld' (khonl)


    ( A'W)

    N disciple, pupil, student. idem. N eleg. head.

    :i~ f118 fil s radthasaad' N political science.


    'J'WA18filS wanasaad' N forestry .

    ~ n A~l'J-'II
    ~s~::;

    Hlugsld' (khon')

    ~1'll'J 1 A18 filS wfdthajaasaad' N science, i.e., the


    fields of knowledge known as "the sciences."

    ..

    (AS~::;) slisa?t (slisa?l)


    ~

    -+Syn.

    'Vf'J com. (fi::;L'Vf61fi,1'U) kaloog'siisa?t (ka::::

    ~A'JfiSS:J.JA18filS wflsawakam'masaad' N engineering.


    Lf1 S~~ f118 fils seed'thasaad' N economics. Gifil 'J f118 lil s sad'tawasaad' N zoology.
    f:.l

    ..

    fi::;L'Vf~fiAS~::;
    loog', bajl)

    N ana t. skull.

    ~fiAS~::; phauog'siisa? 1 V to nod one's head.

    A~

    ( 'IJ eJ)

    siin 1 (kh5;:,1)

    N religious rule, precept,

    commandment.
    DeJA6l thryslin' V to observe religious precepts.
    :l-Jri~JJ81ill'J
    Cl;J:
    cojCL.'

    elfi~SA181ils"' ?ags:S~msaad', ?agso;:,rasaad' N


    liberal arts.

    miislin'miisad' V elab. colloq. to

    515
    be trustworthy, honest.
    lil1 'J'W s::; F'l n ~ ( lil 'J ~)

    Alii 6 ~ HJ
    ~n
    0J

    siin/tham', slinlatham/ N code of pre-

    (the planet) Venus.

    '

    daawphrasug/ (dualJ/)

    -+The names of the major

    cepts, moral code. syg/ N battle, war. affairs. -+Syn.

    planets are listed under lil1 'J

    n 1 S" -

    war; martial

    i'WF'ln ~

    "'

    61-HlSl:W.

    week are listed under N enemy.


    F'lfl n 1 n s 'Jl1iJ.--

    '

    wansug/ N Friday. -+The days of the


    ~

    ') 'W

    ;1~n
    'IJ'W~n

    (Fl'W) kMasyg/ (khon/)

    '

    (Fl'W,'lJ~::;L'flA) khtinsyg/ N 1. apowerful

    '

    stinlakaak;xm/, phaasli/sunlakaab::m/

    N customs duty. stiun/ N 1. zero, nought. V 2. to disappear. -+Also spelled

    military leader, war lord (khon/). 2. a nation with great military power (pratheed/).

    A'WtJ
    'II

    Gibl!.
    'U

    L tifii tJ ~ n

    ( Fl'W) chal88j/syg/ (khon/)

    N captive,

    ~lilA'\W ( ~lil) 'U


    iil'UA'Wr.J
    'U 'U

    "'

    khlidsuun' (khlid/)

    N zero line,

    prisoner of war.
    '11'VI1

    zero point; rest point (of a balance). thaMan/ph<lansyg/ (naaj/,


    "'

    s ~ 1'W~ n
    ( Fl'W)

    ( 'W 1 rJ , Fl'W)

    dabsuun' V lit. to die out, to be extinct. tuasi:iun/ N cipher, the arithmetical figure

    khon/)

    N war veteran.

    Ill'J A'Wr.J
    N traitor; spy (in
    'U

    1i~n
    'VI~1~n
    An"ef1

    s~jsyg/

    (khon/)

    zero.
    A'Wr.Jnfl1~

    wartime). jaa/syg/ V to cease fire, cease hostilities


    n 1 ~--

    suunklaalJ/ N center (as "center of

    trade"). o
    'llilA'Wr.Jnfl1~
    ' 'U

    sygsaa/ V to study, be educated. education. 'W n ~ ~

    cud/suunklaalJ/ N center, center

    student (in higher institu'U 'U

    point.
    A'Wr.J'W'W5
    "' '

    tions ).

    'W n n 1 s - - educator.

    "'~

    "'

    si:iunphan/ V to be extinct. si:iunsia/ V 1. to disappear, be lost.

    'lJ~::; bl:WAn"ef1 pratMm/sygsaa/ N elementary


    education.
    0

    A'Wr.J L8u

    --..Also

    n1 ~ - - .
    roourian/-pratMm/syg~
    'U

    2. to lose (something).
    A'WtJ'VI1 rJ 611'UA'Wti
    'U

    1s ~ b SrJ'W'lJ s::; bl:WAn"ef1

    suunMaj/ V to disappear, be lost. saabsuun/ v to disappear, be lost; to

    saa/ N elementary school. 'Y'Hil ~ n "ef1 ph.ilasygsaa/ N physical education.


    J7au:wAn"ef1

    become extinct.

    madthajom/sygsaa/ N secondary equator.


    ~'Wr.J 1 n 1 F'l

    education.

    l611J7b1)~n"ef1 wfsaa/man/-sygsaa/ N 1. secondary


    education. 2. (formerly) technical education.
    --..opp. 611 J7b1) An "ef1

    suun/jaakaad/ N vacuum. -+Often spelled

    Gibl!bl!1n1f'l. 'll
    bF'l S"ef~ - See entries below. b A S"ef~ n ~ HJ
    LAS"ef~n1~

    E11J7b1)~n"ef1.
    saaman/ sygsaa' N 1. elementary

    seed'thakam/ N economics. in n~:::'fl~')~ LAS"ef~n1s krasUalJ/:::::

    education. 2. (formerly) general education.


    ---opp. 1611J7b1!An"t>f1.

    seed/thakaan/ Ministry of Economics.

    eJ ~ A"'n 1 s An "ef 11'11 u 1 F'l1 61 [il s"'ll &J ::: lili'W 5 ~ s :w u ~ ~ 61 'VI-

    l F'l s W~

    n'l

    seed/thak'i d/ N 'economy, economic -+Also

    LJ ~::; ~J1 '111 A ?oukaan 1 sygsaa'wfdthajaasaad/


    lswad/thanatham/- hE:u/ sahaprachaachttad/ nN the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
    ellil:WAnw1
    0

    affairs.

    n 1 S--.
    najthaalJ/- seed'thakl d/ in

    1'W 'Yl1 ~ l F'l s w~ il 'l

    an economical way; economically. o S:::'Uel'ULA~"ef~O"I rab:J;:,b/seed/thakld/ N eco-

    '

    ?udom/sygsaa/ N college education;

    higher education.
    ( Fl'W)

    nomic system. "' L F'l s "ef~ F'11 61 [il s seed/thasaad/ N economics (as a science).
    bF'l S "ef3'
    ( fl'W)

    An W15n 1 s

    sygsaa/thfkaan/ (khon/)

    education

    officer, superintendent.
    n s :::TIS 'J ~An"ef15n 1 s

    seedthii/ (khon')

    N rich person,

    krasualJ/sygsaa/thfkaan/

    person of wealth, millionaire. --..Cf. bf'l S"ef~-


    mnLF'lsw3' (Fl'W)

    N Ministry of Education.
    F'l n :i

    mahifa/seedthli/(khon')

    '

    sug/.

    See entries below.

    multimillionaire.

    516

    ..,
    b~ s-1 sf1w/ V to be sad, sorrowful, melancholy.
    -+Syn.
    b ~;
    G)i;'Hl.

    bAlls- sian/ N lit.,eleg., roy. head. -Syn. See


    ~

    'VI'J com.
    sad. sorrowful.

    1b ~ sf1wcaj I V to grieve, be b ~;1L ~ n sf1wsoog' V to be sad, -Also 1~nb~;1 ..,

    Lfin

    0J

    soog' N 1. sorrow, grief. V 2. to be sad. to be very sad, grieved.

    1rinr\~u.. soogsan' v

    LA n b fi; 1 soogsf1w/ v to be sad, sorrowful. Fl'J1:W-- sorrow, sadness, grief. bfi;11F'ln.


    ~1F'ln slisoog/ N 1. chartreuse. V 2. to be char2. treuse-colored. -+Also

    b~ J 1'VI:W eJ ~ sf1wm:S;:,n I V to be sad. .., .., 'VI'W 1 b~ S" 1 nf1a/sf1w/ V 1. to look sad, have a sad
    face. N 2. a sad face.
    b ~~seed' N 1. remainder; remnant; fraction.

    math. numerator. 3. eleg. (and a) fraction. -+In meaning 3, b~~ usually follows a classifier, and may be translated "over, more than, a little more than; after (a specified time)."
    I

    1fin

    t>J

    in 'VItJn Lfin jagsoog' V (hair) to be wavy.

    -Also 'VItJnfin.

    Lfin1 si'Sokaa' V lit. to cry, weep. -+Syn. ;eJ-'11;.

    -+Opp. 2. G)'J'W. -+Comp. 3.


    0

    -+Syn. 3. n'J1

    colloq.

    An.
    seednYtJ'silansli/ one fourth:
    lt s:S;:,I HIGH consonant.

    &

    .;1 bPJ~'VI'W~G)'J'WG1
    ,J
    I

    "numerator one, denominator four." o

    Pronounced s initially, d

    ;eHJ'iJ bF'l~

    r::bjpiiseed' over a hundred years

    finally. A rare letter in word initial. The sound s as an initial high consonant is usually written with 61 , occasionally with F'l . Words of fre~

    (but less than two hundred). o co:

    h.1 ~ bF'l~

    slimoonseed' after four o'clock

    (but not yet half past). "' o & 'VI'W 1 bF'l~ Manf1aseed' over five pages (but less than six), five pages and a fraction. o o o o o

    quent occurrence having

    in non- initial posi-

    tion include the following.

    l tl S" ~iilu"'
    b:W~1t.J'W
    ~

    prajsanii/ N mail, post. mee/saajon/ N April.

    b~'Wb'tJ1'VI1t.Jlti;eJlJbA~
    odd (bahts, dollars).

    nankhawh!laj/pajr:S;:,jl::::

    seed'~ He lost his money, a hundred and some

    s-n~1

    ragsaa/ V to take care of. burud/ N el eg. man.

    ~ ;~

    ~ntls-~mbll.

    &

    1:wGJ..bF'l~ nD~;1'W ?ligpramaan'

    ~;w 1 in 'IJ eJ~:W 1 kh:S;)samaal* V to ask forgiveness,

    Mamajlseed/-+k~thY1JMan'~ Another five miles

    apologize. -+Also

    'IJ eJ G) :W 1 .

    or so, and we'll be home: "about five more miles and a fraction."

    bF'l~n !l ~ fil1~ seedkradaad/ N waste paper, piece


    of paper, scrap of paper.

    bF'l~1;; ( ~'W, ;'W) seedmaaj/ (chfn/, dQn/) N 9


    a piece of wood, a splinter.

    !;1

    s:S;:,/ HIGH consonant. Pronounced s initially, d finally, or occasionally s finally in recent loanwords. The sound s as an initial high consonant is also sometimes written with fi , with
    ~.

    bF'l~"1 seedseed' (and a) small fraction; hence,


    just a little more than, just over, just after.
    I

    more rarely

    -Syn. o
    &

    n'J1~.

    l:w~.. bF'l~"1

    hf1amajlseedseed' just over five

    61 ntl s- n sogkaprog/ v to be dirty.


    ~fll;jntJs-n

    miles.
    b fi~~ r11 ~A
    I

    phQud/sogkaprog/ V colloq. to speak

    ( ~ r11 ~A) seed' satan' (satan/)

    obscenely.
    !;1 n 6-l'WA

    small change (money).

    s- sakon'nakh;:,;)nl pN Sakonnakhqn, a township

    bF'l~~ 'J 'W seedsuan/ N mat h. fraction. bA~eJ 1'VIU seed/?aahaan' N 1. food particles.
    2. food scraps.

    in NE Thailand.

    GinA sakad' V 1. to chisel out. 2. to extract. 3. to


    intercept, obstruct, block, hinder. -+Also !;1 ~ rlA

    517

    ~ ~ rllil tii/ sakad/ V to block, intercept (esp. in


    battle) .
    6\nlilm.J

    enhance.

    ..,

    ~ ~ b ~ll ~
    V to block the way, obstruct
    I

    sousiau/

    to utter, produce a sound

    sakad/k~n/

    (with the voice).


    6\ ~ ( ) eJ eJ n sou( ... )?~:Jg/ 1. to send (some-

    the advance.

    n 1 ~--

    blockade, blocking or

    obstructing action.
    6\rllil ( )

    thing) out. 2. to export (something). to cut off, inter6\ ~ n S 1'Wl11 soukraan/ N the old Thai New Year

    l; sakad/( ... )waj/

    "'

    cept, block, halt (something which is in motion).


    6\n~
    9

    celebration, which falls between April 13 and April 15.


    -f'WG\ ~ n ~ 1'Ul11 wan/soukraan/ N Songkhran Day. 6\ ~ 'tl ~ 1 soukhl<ia/ pN Songkhla, a township in S

    sakun/ N family, lineage.


    9

    'U 1 :W 6\ n 61

    ( 'U 1 :W 6\ n 61 ) naamsakun/ (naamsakun/)


    9

    "'

    N surname, family name, last name.

    :i:l!i\n~ mii/sakun/ V to be of noble birth, of a


    9

    Thailand.
    ~~AS

    respectable family. 1 -Hi 6\ n ~ wou/ sakun/ N family, lineage.


    9

    1 :W (AS war.

    , Vi'U)
    ~

    soukhraam/ (khrau/, Mn/)

    N
    <9l.

    n 1 s-- war; martial affairs. -syn. An


    (As~, Vf'U)

    6\

    <9l s~u/

    V to lift loosely (e.g. heaped grain stalks,

    :J.J'Vf1 ~~As 1:W

    maMa/soukhraam/ (khrau/,

    straw, rice) (esp. in order to allow grain, particles, water, etc. to sift or drop through).
    6\ ~ lB in
    I

    hon/)

    N a great war, a world war. jaam/soukhraam/ N 1. wartime. 2.

    li1:W~~An:W

    ~~6\ ~ phids~u/ N power to harm, capac-

    in wartime.

    ity to do harm, harmful effect.


    6\
    ~

    ~~AS 1:Wn ~ 1 ~ b!Jv ~ soukhraam/klaaumyau/ N


    civil war.
    6\ "i A~ 1:J.JL~n soukhraam/1/'log/ N world war.
    ~

    sou/

    1. to send, ship. 2. to see (someone) off,

    take (a person to some destination).


    d

    n 1 ~-

    sending, shipping, dispatch; transmission; delivery.


    I

    o 6\ ~A n:whnA S Hl!i\ eJ ~
    thtis~:JU/
    6\~

    soukhraam/1/'log/-khrau:::

    bAS eJ
    ">

    ~--(radio)

    transmitter.

    World War II.

    n 1 ~ 6\ ~ 1 lW kaansou/w idthaju? / N radio broad-

    bAn:;;Vf soukhr:S?/ v 1. eleg. to help, assist.

    "'

    cast; radio broadcasting.


    I

    N 2. assistance.
    n 1 s-- trans6\~~ (Stl,eJ~A)
    'U

    'ti'UG\

    kh~nsou/

    to transport.

    sou/ (rt1ub/,?ou/)
    0'

    N Buddhist

    portation.
    I

    priest, monk.
    'W s:;; Jl n~~ 'l ~
    9
    0'

    't11ll 6\ ~ khi1ajsou/ V to wholesale (i.e. sell in

    s tJ , eJ "i A) phniphigsu? /sou/ (r11ub/, 'II

    quantity to a distributor).
    d I A bAHHG\~d'Ylll
    9

    ?ou/)

    N Buddhist priest, monk.

    khcyausou/wfdthajli?/ N (radio) -Also bAS eJ ~ 6\


    d
    I

    "'
    Buddhist priest, monk.

    transmitter.
    "'I I

    t:J 6\ ~ 'tl1 1
    'U

    ( A'W) phfiu/soukhaaw/ (khon/)

    N cor-

    ~ ~'U

    sauob/ V to become calm, quiet; to subside.


    A1 1:W-- calm, tranquility, peacefulness, quietude.

    respondent (for a newspaper).


    b 61ll ~ ~ ~ liausou/ V to give a farewell party.
    I

    J/

    A1 1:1-J l~G\

    ~'U

    khwaam/m.1jsauob/ N unrest, dis-

    ,!

    6\ ~ n 61'\J souklln/
    I

    to smell, give out an odor.

    quietude.
    ~ ~'U l tJ sauob/paj/ to calm down, quiet down; (an

    6\

    ~ ~

    lii'Vf:W1ll sou/codmi1aj/

    to send a letter.

    6\ Hl1ll southaaj/ V to bid farewell (at the end

    unpleasant matter) to blow over.


    ~ ~'\J61 ~

    of a season, of the old year, etc.).

    saubb/lou/ to die down, subside.

    i ~ ( ... )l tl't11ll
    I I

    sou( ... )pajkhi1aj/ to send (some-

    ~ ~'\JAn sauob/ syg/ V 1. to cease fighting. N


    2. truce.

    thing) to be sold.
    ~ ~~

    1'\J souphaan/ to send (something) through,

    ~ ~'\JG\ -flil saubb/sauad/ V to be tranquil, quiet.


    6\
    ~'U

    pass (something) through.

    6\ 'tl sauob/ sug/


    9

    to be peaceful, tranquil.

    i~Jl1~1eJ~nq~
    I

    sou/-phaasaa/?aukrld/ colloq.

    A1 1 :W-- peacefulness, peace.

    to be talking in English.
    ">

    6\ ~ '\J b6\ ~ ll :w sauob/ san lam/ V to be quiet, modest,

    6\ ~ b6\ S:W sous~dm/ V to encourage, promote,

    polite, well- behaved.

    518
    6i ~'lHJ 1 S" :WDJ. sauobl?aarom' V to calm down, calm b ~ 'W 801 udnsod'
    I

    N cash. talaad' sod' (hE:u') N food market

    oneself.
    6i ~ 'J'W sauuanl to keep, save, reserve, preserve,

    Iii G1101 6i Iii

    ( Lb Vl ~ )

    where raw, perishable foods are sold.


    'W:W6ilil nomsod'

    conserve.

    n 17- - preservation; conservation.


    N e up hem. bust,

    N fresh milk. to be fresh, lively, cheerful.

    'IJ eH 6i ~ 'd'W k:h~;:>usauuan'

    6ilii~'W sodch~nl v

    breasts.
    i;j ~ ~t.J sousEtj'

    --s y n. 'W:W com. v 1. to doubt, be doubtful.


    'W n - -

    6ilii"P8'W"l sodsod'r5::Jnr:5;:>n'

    idiom. 1. to be

    2. to doubt;

    red-hot, fresh, new, most recent, the latest. sV 2. just now, freshly.
    Gi Iii Gi:::; 8101 sod'sa?aad'

    suspect, have a notion (that). suspicion.


    'IJ86i~6it.J

    Fl 'd 1 :JJ- -

    skeptic. N points

    to be clean and fresh.

    "'

    ('1!8) kh~b'sousajl (k:h~;:>')

    "'

    Gi lill8 sodsajl

    to be clear (as of the weather),

    of doubt.
    'IJ6i~6it.J

    fresh, cheerful.

    :Jt

    "'

    khtisousajl V to be skeptical, given to

    ~ 6i Iii s Iisod' N bright color.


    Gi!il'U sadab' V lit.,eleg. to listen.

    skepticism.
    ;8 ~ 6i

    ~ ~t.J in the following entries. 1~HJ:W;8 ~ 6i ~ ~t.J dooj' -mft~u'sousajl


    e l e g. without doubt.

    Gi!il'UiiiS'U~1 sadab'-trab'fau' V elab. eleg. to


    lit.,
    q

    listen, listen carefully.

    Gilil~ sadu?dii' V lit.,eleg. to praise, laud.


    ~

    o f,llil8~6i~~t.J qJ
    I IV

    (FI'W) pht:lut~u'sousajl (k:hon')


    ;)...}

    Gi Iii. Abbrev. for

    Gi lil1 ~ Fl "satang."
    v

    e leg. a suspect. o 8ti1~1:WiiieH6i~6it.J jaau'-m.1jt~u 1 sousajl com. without doubt.

    81i1 ~ ( fl'W) satriil, sadtriil (khon') N e 1 e g. woman,


    lady. -+Also

    ~lil~ F.S. -Syn. t:.J'Vl~~ qJ

    com.

    NOTE. The pronunciation sadtriil is now generally avoided.

    ~16i ~~tl
    i;j ~ i;j 1
    v

    nlla'sousaj' V 1. to be doubtful, suspi-

    cious, questionable. 2. to lead (one) to suspect.

    1n 6~tJ'WGiliiS (Ls-1
    rian')

    6~ti'W) roourian'satriil (roou::::

    sousaanl

    to pity, take pity on, feel comFl 'd 1 :W- - pity.

    N girls' school.

    passion for, sympathize with

    6i Iii~ 6~A satriilph~ed' N the female sex.

    ~ 6i ~ 6i 1 S khtisOusaan' V to be overly sympathetic,


    readily sympathetic, compassionate.
    'W 1 i;j ~ i;j 1 s
    I

    6im~GililS (fl'W) suphllab'satriil (khon') N eleg. 9


    lady.
    ~

    (1) nllasousaanl;

    (2) nllal sousaan' ~

    Gi lil11 Fl

    satan'* C 1. satang, a coin equivalent to

    1. to be pitiful, pitiable, pathetic. 2. What a

    a cent, i.e. a hundredth part of a baht or tical.


    ~

    pity!
    8-101 sauad'
    I

    N 2. money.

    --Also shortened to lil

    ~.

    -+Abbrev.

    v v

    to be tranquil, peaceful, quiet.

    Gilil, ilGi lil11 Fl miisatau' V to have money, be rich. FI'W-- rich person; the rich.
    6A~6ilil11FI

    8 ~'U8 r01 sauob'sauadl 8 11 sauaal


    I

    to be quiet.

    to be dignified, stately, majestic.

    :iJ8 ~ 1 miisauaa' V to be dignified, stately, majestic.


    I

    (Gilil11fl)

    seed 1 satau 1 (satau 1 ) N small

    change.

    8 1111 Jj sauaa'uaam'

    to be stately, handsome
    Fl'd 1:W-- gran-

    Gi lil1

    ~ flbblil1 ( S'W) sataudeeu' (?an') N penny.


    (S'W)

    and dignified, grand, majestic. deur, splendor, stateliness.

    GilillHl.-~'U

    satauslb' (?an')

    N ten-satang

    coin, dime. 2. to be

    801 sod 1 V 1. to be fresh, raw, uncooked.

    Giiii1~fl'Vl1 (S'W) satauhtla 1 (?an')


    coin, nickel.
    Gi ~ satl ?I

    N five-satang

    bright (of colors).


    ~u 8 1801 k:h~;:>usod'

    N fresh, raw foods (of any


    v

    N mind, consciousness, sense, sensibility.

    kind).

    -+Opp.

    'IJ81UvH, 'IJ8 ~~J1.

    A'WGi ~ khyyn'satl ?I V to regain consciousness.

    'IJ 8 ~ 6i 01 'IJ 8 1 Fl1 1 kh3;:>usod'kh3::Jukhaaw 1

    N fresh,

    1,;Gi ~ dtljsatl?' V 1. to come to (oneself), regain

    raw foods (often esp. raw meats). 6~ tJ 1 801 khlawsod' V to be bright green.

    consciousness. 2. to come to one's senses, regain one's common sense.

    519
    o

    1~1;61~
    "'

    m.1jdttjsatl?/l colloq. Nonsense!


    <OJ

    circumstance.
    61 m 'W ( 61 m 'W , u 'V! ~ ) sa tManii/ (sa tManii/, heu /) N
    <>
    I

    Awful! (expressing derision, disapproval).


    [;] ~ 61 [;] tttu/ satl? /
    !:;

    V to concentrate.

    station.
    'W1tJAm'iJ (Fl'W) naaj/satManii/(khon/)

    1 ;61 ~

    nij/satl ?/ V 1. to be unconscious. 2. to

    N station-

    be crazy, insane.

    61 ~tTbllbll1 satl? /panjaa/ N intelligence, keenness

    master. "" [;].1 S'J ~ 61 fl1'W

    "" bL 'V'! ~ ) satManii/tamruad' ( 61 D1'W,

    of mind, wisdom.
    i''W61 ~ stn/ satl ?/ V to lose consciousness.

    (sath~anii/,

    heu')

    N police station. satManii/r6dfaj/ (sa:=

    61m'i:tsDl'V'l
    th~anii/,
    ~A

    (61mtJ,bb~~)
    hf:u/)
    .::::1

    b~t161~ sia/satl?/ V to be insane, crazy.


    'V!:Wfi161~ mod/satl?/
    I

    N railroad station.
    I

    to lose consciousness. N 1. place, locality,


    d

    61 D1'W 'J'Iltl

    ( 61 bi1'W, lb'l!H)

    satManii/widthaju?/

    61bi1'W

    (lb'V!~)

    sathaan/ (hf:u/)

    (sath~anii/,

    hf:u/)

    N radio station. N institute.

    location. C 2. e leg. kind, sort, thing, item, point, respect, means. com. 2. 'th:::n1S -+Syn. 1.
    'll,bl'V!~~

    61D1tl'W

    (lb~1)

    satMa/ban/ (hf:u/)

    61 b11'll'W 1 sath<la/panaa/ V to construct, establish,

    eleg., 'llilfil com.

    install.
    61 D1'lltJ n ( Fl'W)

    o l'W61 bl1'\.m~n najsath~an/r~eg/ in the first place; for one thing. o ~Fl'J1:W~fl'V!~1tl61bi1'W miikhwaamphld/laajsa,.:= th<lan/ to have several offenses.
    <OJ
    I

    satMa/panfg/ (khon/)

    N architect.

    61D1lTl'ltJnn:w sath~a/padtajakam/ N architecture.

    61~[;] sathld/ V 1. lit.,eleg. to remain, dwell, reside.


    o'

    2. ph y s. static. -+Sometimes also 61 ~[;] tJ N


    61 ~~ sathltl ?/ N statistics; record (as of births and

    n S111 61 D1 'W
    o'

    ( bb 'V! ~ ) kriithaa/ satMan/ (heu /)


    '

    sports arena, stadium.


    'W'Wailv.m61DTW

    deaths. o 61~~Fl'Wl'l1tl
    61'W
    <u

    (bb'V!~) phfphfdthaphan/satMan/

    sathltl?/khontaaj/ recordofdeaths.
    l'l'W-( lii'W) 1. pine tree

    (hf:u/)

    N museum.

    r9J

    son/ N pine.

    ~ 1'11tl~efl[;]61 fl1'W rttadchabandld/satMan/ N Royal


    Academy.
    61DTl.Jn~6161
    q

    (Pinus). 2. any closely related coniferous tree.


    'W'1ii'W61'W namman/son' N turpentine.

    (lb'V!~)

    '

    satMan/kousun/ (heu/)

    1;A'W majslin/ N pine wood, wood of a coniferous

    consulate.
    61 D1'W'I1
    d

    tree. N 1. place,
    Gi'W
    lJ

    ( bb 'V! ~ ) sathaanthti/ (hf:u/)

    in the following entries. slinkhem/ V to thread a needle. soncaj/

    site. 2. building, plant, station, i.e. place equipped for a particular kind of work, activity, etc. o
    d ' "' i;l[l1'W'I1ne:J61S1~

    61'W b~:W 61'Wl ~

    to be interested (in).
    d

    Fl ') 1:W--

    interest (in something). -+S y n. TI ~ .


    sathElanthti/k~;,sttau/

    N con-

    o
    61 'W rn

    ~1Gi'Wl~

    ntta/soncaj/ V to be interesting.

    struction site.
    I

    in the following entries.

    61 fl1'W'11l'l
    '11

    ( lb'V!~)

    satManthOud/ (hcu/) N 1. lega'U

    'ilflGi'W khadslin/ V to lack, be short of, be in need

    tion; short for 61 b11'WeJFl ~ !l1'11'11l'l. 2. embassy; short for 61 bi1'W b eJ n elFl n 1 '11'11[;] .
    I

    of; to be poor, in want, needy.


    G1'l.l Gi'W sabson/ 61'W ( Gi'W)
    I

    'U

    to be confused, mixed up. N heel (of the foot). -+Also

    61 bi1'W:W'V!~61~

    ( bb'V!~)

    sathaan/mah:5;,rasob/ (hcu/)

    seln/ (seln')

    N eleg. theater, place of entertainment.


    61 bi1'WelFl ~ S 1'11'11l'l
    'U

    spelled "li'W

    ( bb'V!l)

    satMan/?agkharttadcha:=
    61fl1'W'I1[;].
    'U

    61'W~'W (Gi'W)
    Gi'W b'111 61'W61 ~
    'IJ

    selntiin/ (s6n/)

    N com.,vulg.heel. N e leg. heel.

    thOud/ (hf:u/)

    N legation. -+Also

    ( 61'W)

    selntMaw/ (seln')

    sbnsuuu/ N 1. high heels, i.e. high-heeled

    kharttadchathOud/ (hf:u/)
    i;i fl1'W'I1[;] .
    .-'II

    N embassy.

    -+Also

    shoes. 2. (shoes) to have high heels.


    Gi'WTI'W 1

    slinthanaa/ V e leg. to converse. n 1 S--

    61 D1'Wn 1 SDJ. sath<lanakaan/ N condition; situation.


    i;i D1'W n 1 :JDJ.bb 1 fl61 e:J:W sathElanakaan/w~edl:bm/ N

    a conversation.
    ~'U'll:::A'W'I1'W1

    --s y n.

    ~ tJ

    com.

    ph6bpa?'slinthanaa' to meet and

    520

    converse.
    ~'W

    sV 2. completely.

    l 'Y'"' l'Vl

    sonth~e/

    1. to wonder. 2. to be in doubt,

    l ~8~U'Yl ch1a'sanld' V to believe completely.

    be puzzled, amazed.

    ~~U'Yl tiilsanld' V colloq. to pretend to be


    acquainted, to behave like a close friend in order to obtain a favor. N concubines of the -+See l '11 'l 8 :W
    d Q l '18'\J~'W'Yl

    ~'W3irubl!1 ( Q1)'U) sonthi?'sanjaa' (chabab') N


    treaty.
    ~'WJ.J

    ( A'W) sanom' (khon')

    ( fl'W)

    ph1ansanid' (khon')

    N intimate

    king (general term).

    friend.

    ~U'Yl~'WJ.J sanld'sanom' V to be intimate, very

    '0'~ 1~8U'Yl'Vl
    q)

    fau'-m.1jsanid'htlu' to sound odd, dif-

    close.
    ~'W8~
    ~'W8

    ferent from usual, not quite right; to sound unlikely, not quite believable.

    san;'\:JD' V eleg. to answer, respond.

    ' kindness

    Hlb\! san5:JD'khun' V e 1 e g. to repay the of, pay back benefits received (e.g.

    ~J.J ( b ~tJ) ~U'Yl lyym'(sia)sanld' to have forgotten


    completely.
    RU'Yl~'W:W sanld'sanom' V to be intimate, very

    from one's parents, native land, etc.).


    ~'W 8 ~

    r18'U san5::>tJ't~:Jbl V 1 it., e 1 e g. to answer,

    close.

    fl11J.J--

    closeness, intimacy.

    respond.
    ~'W'W
    L

    'V!6f'URU'Yl lab'sanld' to be sound asleep.

    sanan'
    L L

    to be very loud, to thunder, rumble.

    'Vi 1 tJ ~U'Yl haaj'sanld' to be completely cured,

    ~'W'WVi'J'W 1'Vl'J sanan'wanwaj' to be very loud, jar-

    healed; to recover completely.

    ring, rumbling, thundering.

    ~UJ.J sanim' N rust.

    ~1T'U as in

    ~1T'U~'W'W sanab'sanun'

    back, encourage.

    '

    to support,

    'IJ ~'W:W khiisanim' N co 11 o q. rust.


    'IJ'W~'W:W
    ~
    Q

    :!/

    ~-

    - supporter.

    kh1nsanim' V to rust, get rusty.

    'WS~A~iJ'U~'W'W phag'-sanablsani:in' N the party


    supporting the government.
    ~'W1'W

    '

    biJ'W~tJ:W pensanim' V to be rusty.


    ~'Wll

    in

    ~'Wll~'W1'W

    enjoy oneself, have a good time.


    ~'W

    '

    sanug'sanaan'

    to have fun,

    '

    sanugl V 1. to have fun, enjoy oneself, have a good time. 2. to be fun, amusing, entertaining. A1 1 J.J- amusement, fun, a good time.

    1J.J

    ' ~'W 1J.J) sanaam' (heu', sanaam') ( U'VH,

    N 1.

    'W18'Wll nfla'sanug' V tobefun.

    lawn; yard. 2. field (as for sports, airplanes).


    '118 ~ ~'W 1 J.J'Vl~ 1 ~ th:S:Jusanaamli:iau' pN co 11 o q.

    8 'W fl ~ sani:1gl diil V 1. to be fun, amusing, enter-

    '

    '
    9

    taining.

    2. to have fun, have a good time. sanug'sanaan'

    Phra Men (Phra Meru) Ground, the place in Bangkok where all official ceremonies are held.
    I

    ~'Wfl~'W1'W

    elab. to have fun,

    enjoy oneself, have a good time.


    ~'Wfl1

    E.i'W 1J.Jfl'01 sanaamkiilaa' N stadium; field (for

    '

    sanug'sanug'

    1. to be fun, amusing,

    entertaining. sV 2. for fun, just for fun.

    sports).
    ~'W 1:J.J'U'W sanaambin' airport, airfield, airstrip.
    61 'W 1 J.J l 'W 611 ~ sanaamphl:S?' N trench.
    ~'W1J.JJ.J1

    ~'W'W in
    9

    61iJ'U~'W'W sanab'sani:in' V to support, back,


    '

    encourage.
    ~'U

    sob' V to meet, find, come upon. 2. to be

    sanaammaal N race track, horse-race

    R'Ul'l sobcaj' V 1. to please, satisfy.

    field.
    ~'W

    . 1:WbbJ.J l 'V!Sl n sanaam'mtdeg'


    ..,
    I

    pleased (with). N magnetic field .


    R'U Loci A~ sob'chClogdiil to have good luck. R'U r11 sobtaa' V to meet someone' s eyes, look

    R'W 1:WtJ ~ l 'tJ 1 sani1am'jitJp.1w' N target range.


    ~'W 1 :W S'U

    sani1amr6b' N battlefield.

    someone straight in the eye.


    R'U l 'Vl:W 1 ~
    ~'U
    LJ

    R'W 1 J.J l Sl'W sanaaml@nl N playground.


    ~'W

    sobm~? I

    to be opportune.

    1J.J'Vlb\!1 sanaamj.1al N lawn; yard (of house).

    in

    ~'U'tJS~:l-!111

    sbb'pramaad' to insult, dis-

    R1'W~'W1:W

    si:iansanaam' V 1. toparade. N 2.
    ~'U
    v

    parage, belittle, speak or act contemptuously to. 61 sabod' V to swear. flo1-( flo1)

    (military) par;;tde.
    8U'Yl sanld' V 1. to be tight, close, snug, intimate.

    swearword. to be in the

    <l) E.i'U 61~ 1'U 1'\J khiisabod' saabaan'

    521
    habit of swearing.
    610'11!. 61 Jl18 1 ilbl!

    saphaa/ saaman/ N the House of Com-

    See

    61 :::;1}'1i1.

    mons.
    8Jl18 -'l
    'U

    8'U 1 f'J sabaajl V 1. to be well (in health), happy,

    saphaa/si:iuu/ N the upper house (of a

    comfortable. 2. (a place) to be comfortable.


    A 1 1:W--

    legislative body}.
    61 Jl1'V~ sapM.ab/ N condition, state.

    well- being, comfort, ease, happiness.

    A11:W8'1!8'U1f'J khwaamsug/sabaajl N happiness, q

    ~ 61 Jl19fl miisaph~ab/ V to be in a state or condition


    (of}.
    8Jl1'J:::; 8:w
    IQl

    well- being.
    fii1:Wi'U1f'J taamsabaajl V 1. to be at ease, feel

    saphaa/wa?/ N condition, state. som/ V 1. to fit, be fitting, appropriate. sV

    at home. sV 2. leisurely; comfortably. '\'Hl 8'U 1 f'J fort}.


    8'U1f'J1~ sabaajcajl V to be content, contented,
    ph;:~;:~sabaajl

    V to be just right (for com-

    2. as befits; appropriately.
    61 :W A1 S"

    sl'lmkhuan/ V to be fitting, proper, suit-

    able, appropriate. o 9fl eJ 61 :W A 1 ~


    ph;:~;:~somkhuan/

    free of care.
    8'U 1 f'J ~ sabaajdii/ V 1. to be well.

    V 1. to be reasonable,

    2. (a place)

    moderate. sV 2. reasonably, moderately. o 8:WA 'd o


    ~ ~:::;

    to be comfortable. sV 3. well, comfortably. o 8'U 1 f'J ~Vl~ eJ? sabaajldiiryy/ ~ How are you? (common greeting).
    I

    sl>mkhuan/ca8 ought to.

    bVr'W 61 :W A 'd

    ~ h~n/ somkhuan/ to see fit to; to think

    it appropriate. N soap. [f. Port.] -+Also


    8:w1~ somcajl

    8'U

    'U

    ( n eJ'W) sabilu/ (k~I:Jn/)


    I

    1. to be pleasing, satisfying.

    spelled

    61 :::; 'U
    'U

    sV 2. to one's heart's content, to one's satisfacN spring. [f. Eng.] N council, organition, enough. -+S y n.
    v v

    8LJ~~
    8Jl1

    (O'W) sapring/ (?an/)

    ~q 1 ~

    (8Jl1) saphaa/ (saphaa/)

    8:W'Wo1Vl'W 1 (1) sl'lm/namn~a/; (2) som/mimn~a/~

    zation, (legislative) body, assembly, house (of a legislature), institution, association.

    1. to get one's just deserts; to serve (somebody}

    right. 2. It serves (you, him) right!


    61 :wLJ ~:::; n eJ'U
    sl>mprak;-,;:~b/

    b'W~0'61boVlfi18Jl1 nee/tlbandid/saphaa/ N bar


    association.
    'Y'Ib] !ill8 Jl1 phcyd/thasaphaa/ N House of Elders

    V to be whole, complete,

    without defect (esp. of the body}. o

    1~8:WlJ~:::;neJ'U m~js6m/prak~;:~b/

    V to be de-

    (the upper house of the Thai Parliament, later replaced by the 1 ffil8 Jl1 ) q
    f'J'U8Jl1 jub/saphaa/ V to dissolve a legislative q

    formed, abnormal, imperfect, defective.


    61 :WLJ n HI'W 1 s6mpraad/than~a/ V e 1 e g. to be in

    accordance with one's desire; to attain one's desire, have one's wish fulfilled.
    8:w'Vl1-'l somwau/ V 1. to fulfil one's hopes.

    body.

    ;~ 61 Jl1 rad/thasaphaa/ N parliament, congress.


    'JSJ8Jl1 wud/thisaphaa/ N Senate (the upper house
    q

    sV

    2. as desired.
    8:WeJf'J1fl somjaag/ V to fulfil one's craving. bVl:W 1:::; 61 :W
    m~?

    of the Thai Parliament, replacing the earlier


    'Y'Ib]lill8Jl1). 8J11fi1V11i1 saphaakaacM.ad/ N the Red Cross.

    /sam/

    V to be suitable, appropriate,

    proper.
    1 ~8:WO'U

    o 61 Jl1 n 1 'if 11i18 1 n 61 saphaakaacMad/ saakon/ N

    h~js6m/ka8

    1. so as to suit, satisfy.

    the International Red Cross.

    2. as befits. N
    8:W 1.9 som/ V to join, combine.

    8Jl1tJ~0'b\!~~ saphaa/nftlbanjad/, nitJ.?/legislative body.

    -+Chiefly in com-

    pounds.
    61 :W A'U somkh6b/ V to conspire, join together (in

    61 Jl1 t'-J bb 'l'l'W ~ 1'\':I:J;P saphaa/ -phOuthE:E:n/dadsad;:~;:~n/


    'U

    N House of People's Representatives (the lower house of the Thai Parliament; also, the House ofRepresentativesoftheU.S. Congress). " -+Also 8Jl1t:Jbb'l'l'W. 'U

    a conspiracy, plot, practical joke).


    8:W'l'l'U somth6b/ V to join, combine. 8:ws8 somr6d/ Vl. eleg. tomarry. N2. mar-

    riage, wedding; also n 1 s--. -+Syn. 1. bbliH ~ 1'W.

    522 o 'V16~m~ phfthii's15mr6d' N wedding ceremony. o ~~~ ~ 1V~:J.J~~ sala?l-r~ad'chas<Smbad' V roy. to abdicate.

    ;:w

    (L'U,~n.m1)
    "' 'IJ

    s6m'(bajl,lt1ug',pMn')Norange.

    LLn -i ~:J.J keeus6m' N a sour soup made with

    ~:J.J~~t:J~ ('tiEl) s1'>mbad'pht1udii' (kh~o')


    'IJ

    "'

    ..,

    N prin-

    tamarind paste.

    ciples of good conduct for persons of refinement. (doog') N orange

    "' liHJn~:J.J

    (F~Eln) d~ogs6m'

    ~:W'Un ~:J.J~'W s15mbuglsl5mban' V 1. to experience hard-

    blossom.
    'tl1~:W namsl'lm'

    '

    ship, have a hard life, have rough going, do hard work, go through a lot of trouble. sV 2. unsparingly.
    eJ ~ 1
    ~--

    N 1. vinegar. 2. orange juice.

    3. orange drink, orange squash, beverage flavored with orange.


    ; :W LeJ
    ~:J.J'U

    unsparingly.

    (1'U , ~ n , fH'l)
    'IJ

    'IJ

    Hl6 sl'>mbuunl V 1. to be abundant, plentiful; to

    sflm?oo' (bajl, 111ugl, pMn')

    abound. 2. to be rich, fertile. 3. to be whole, complete, perfect. 4. to be healthy.


    1, 2.
    'IJ

    N pomelo.

    -+Syn.

    ~;:J.J

    siisl'lm' N orange (the color).

    EJFI:J.J

    19).

    samakaan' (samakaan') N rna th. ~:J.J'U Hl616li18'Yls ~ 1'11 sombuuranaa'jaa'sldthidad' N equation.


    ~:wrn~

    '

    absolute monarchy.
    ~:J.J L 'WV ~:J.JJl'W somph~ed'

    ~tl)
    'll

    samana?t, s<Smmana?t (r11ub') N Bud-

    V to pity, take pity on. roy. to be born.

    dhist priest.
    ~ :W

    somph6b'

    '" somdedl. An element used in certain royal LF!Gl


    titles and designations. See entries below.

    L~~Gl61:J.JJl'W saded'somph6b' V roy. to be born.


    61 :J.JJl 1 ~
    '

    s<Smphaan' N Buddhist abbot.

    "' phraba.ad'somded' THis Majesty 'W~~'U1'Yl~:J.JLFI"l


    (not used prior to coronation).
    'W~~'U1'Yl~:J.JLF~Gl'W~~~,1EJ~~~
    \ 'IJ

    ~:J.J:J.J~ ( ~ 1) sommud'(w~a~) V to suppose, assume(that).


    61:J.J S nl.J sam~oraphuum' N battlefield.

    '

    ('W~~EJ~A)

    'IJ

    phra~

    ~:J.J~ ~

    b1Jl1'W samad'thapMad' N 1. ability; capability.

    baad'-somdect'phrac~wjuuhlla'

    (phra?ou')

    2. efficiency.

    1. king. T 2. His Majesty the King.

    -o p p.

    '" 61 :J.J L61 ~ 6l


    ~:J.JEJ
    19)

    ( li1 ~ ) somsed' (tua')

    N tapir.

    'W ~ ~ 'U s m 1 ilil the queen.


    C'

    (~:J.JeJ,el'W) sam~o' (sam:Sol,?an') N anchor.

    q..,

    0"'

    ~:J.JLF!Gl

    L"l1'l'l1

    (El1A) s<Smded'c~wfaa' (?on') N

    bleJ'W61:J.JeJ th:Sonsam5o' V to lift anchor. 'Yl eJ Fi61 :J.J eJ th~odsam~o' V to cast anchor, drop anchor.

    prince of the highest rank, i.e. the son of the king born by the queen. -See 'W ~ ~ eJ -i A L6l 1 .
    Gi:J.J

    8 :J.J eJ L~ eJ sam~orya 1 N anchor.


    ~ :J.J eJ

    L~"l'W~~'W 1 ~
    naau'c~aw'

    L;1'WS

    ~'U sm 1ilil somdect'phra~

    I.!:J,

    ~ :J.J eJ ~

    1~

    ( '1 n ) sam~o', sam:Somajl (111ug')


    'IJ "'

    phraborom'maraachinii' N 1.
    61 :J.J eJ

    N boll of the cotton plant. -see also ~ 1 ~ .


    1;r1 (

    term for the highest rank held by a queen. T 2. Her Majesty the Queen.
    S:J.J'W1Arn sommanaa'khun' V eleg. to return a 9

    '1 n)
    'IJ

    sam 5o' (lt1ug')


    ..,

    ..,

    N olive-like fruit of

    a certain tree. such fruit.


    61 :J.J eJ -i
    sam~ou I

    lil'W--

    ( lil'W) the tree bearing

    favor, give a token or gift in return for benefits received.

    N 1. brain. 2. intellect, intelligence.


    'll:J.JeJ
    ~.

    -See also

    ~:J.J~~ sombad' N wealth, property, treasure.


    -Syn.

    ~'W61:J.JEJ 1 ( n EJ'W) mansam~on' (k~on') N the brain


    (body part).

    'YlS'W~"'

    eleg., 8'W, L1'W

    com.

    Arn61:J.J~~ khun'sombad', khun'nas<Smbad' N

    '

    ~~A~ samag' V to volunteer, apply, make application.


    ~--

    quality, property.

    candidate, applicant.

    "' 'YlS'Y1~61:J.J~~ sab'sombad 1 N property, possessions, wealth.

    l'Ufi1~A~ (L'U) bajsamag' (bajl) N application,


    written request.

    ~ 1'1161:J.J~~ rtlad'chasombad' N 1. throne. 2.


    kingdom. o A~ eJ -i ~ 1VS:J.J~~ khnour~ad'chas<Smba.d' V to reign.

    61~A~L6l samag'cajl V to be willing.


    willingness.

    A~1:J.J-

    61~A~'WnA'W~n

    (Fl'W) samag'pMgph11ag 1 (khon')

    N e 1 a b. c o 11 o q. 1. partisans, fellow members,

    523
    followers. 2. close friends, members of an intimate circle; clique. (samaakhom') N labor organization.

    8 :W 1 iln ( Fl'W, 'W 1 t.J) samaachfg'*(khon', naaj') N


    member.
    b;1 b'11'W 61 :l-J 1 iln kMwpen' samaachfg' to become

    ~iJ'tf'd1
    ~

    samadchaa' N assembly, meeting.


    J.,

    l ~:wtftf1'11'J

    tJ samadchaa'thllapaj' N General

    Assembly (of the United Nations).

    a member (of), to join (an organization).


    'J liJ,;j m vn q ( Fl'W, 'W 1l'J ,

    ~iJt.J ( ~iJt.J) sam~j' (samaj') C time, period, era,


    age, reign.

    11 1'W J wudthf? 'samaachfg'


    N member of the Senate

    (khonl, naajl, th.qnl) to be cur-

    no16l~o~1'W~ilt.J kamlaujuu'najsam~jl
    qJ

    (the upper house of the Thai Parliament).


    i;1:J.J1VnJlTW samaa'chfgkaph.qabl, samaachfglpMab'

    rently in fashion, in style.


    rl'WG1ilt.J than'samaj' V to be up-to-date, modern.
    ....
    ~

    N membership.
    ,;1 :w 1 iln ,;1 Jl1 ;bb 'Yl'W S 1'\oJ-i] S samaachfg'- saphaa'phtlu::::
    qJ

    ii11~:Wt.J

    laa'samaj' V to be out-of-date, behind

    the times.

    theen'- r.qadsad:):)n' N -Member of the House of Representatives.


    !;1:w15
    GJ

    ~ ilt.J n s ~A~ otJq s tJ 1 samaj'- kruusii'?ajudthajaa' q


    N the Ayuthaya period (of Thai history).
    ~

    --Abbrev. 1;1, ,;1.

    samaathf?l* N concentration (as in study,

    ~ :Wtl n O'W sam~j'ko:::m'

    N 1. former times, the old


    ,;1 :w 1

    meditation) .

    days. 2. formerly, in the old days.

    lJ, -

    in

    'IT!i16i :J.J 1 6 khadsamaad' V to sit with

    6i :w t.1 n O'WtJ s:::: 'J lilA 1 ~ lil s


    ~:J.W bn 1
    ~

    ~-

    sam~j '- ko:m'prawad'ti::::

    knees apart and legs crossed under (usually on the floor).


    61:W1'W sam.1an' V to join together, unite.
    I I

    saad' the prehistoric era.


    I

    samajlkaw' N 1. former times, the old

    days. 2. old-fashioned.

    i;1:Wo1 in
    I

    Gi:J.Jo1 b Gi:J.JO samamlsam~a' V to be constant,

    ~iJtJ b ~t.J'U sam~j'cfab' very fashionable, chic.

    '"

    uniform, regular.
    Gi~lil

    ~iJtJ b~t.J'Jrl'W sam~j'diawkan' contemporary;


    contemporaneous.
    ~:Wtl'W sam~j'nii'
    ~

    ( bii1:l-J) samUd' (l~m')

    N notebook, folio.

    /!(

    i;1:J.J!i1 ~n samud'chlig' N scratch pad, writing 9

    at the present time, nowadays.

    tablet (with leaves which can be torn out).


    d "" 6i :l-J A Y1 S:::: ii1 n samud'thtiralyg' N memorial volume, 9

    ~iJt.J 1'US 1blJ. sam~j'booraan' N ancient times;


    in ancient times.

    book, or notebook given as a souvenir on a special occasion.


    Gi:J.J!i1e-l1n b l'W samud'faaguan' N bankbook, passbook.
    9

    ~ilmJ'1 '11T'W samaj'padcuban' N modern times, 9


    the present time.

    ~ilm'l6l~~~An:w sam~j'-lau'soukhraam' the


    postwar period.

    i;1:J.J!i1'Wn samud'ph6g' N student's report book (in q

    which the teacher and guardian record his grade, health and conduct).
    I

    ~iJt.J'}i'W sam~j'hin' N the Stone Age.

    ~iJt.Jl VI~

    samajmaj' N 1. modern times, the pre-

    VI06i:W!i1
    .._,

    ( bb'VIl) h~bsamud' (hen')


    .._, I

    N library.

    sent time. 2. (as n. mod) modern, up-to date. o 61 ill'l 1VI~ '1+ 1

    sam~j'majcaa'

    colloq. to be real
    ,;1 :J.J'Yl S
    9

    1. study (room in a house). 2. library.


    ( ,;1 :l-J' Yl S) samud' (samud') 9

    modern, ultramodern. o

    N sea, ocean.

    vi"J 61iJl'Jl VI~ Ma'sam~jmaj'


    fashion.

    to be modernminded.

    --Chiefly in compounds.
    Fl1'Ui;1:WYIS kh.qab'samud' N peninsula.
    9

    VI:Wiil61iJl'J mod'samaj' V to be out-of-date, out of

    :WVI1 ,;1 JJYI s


    9

    ( :WVI1 bi :WYI s )
    9

    mahila'samud' (mahaa':::

    i;1:W1 in 'UeJi;1:W1 .kh~:)samaal* V to ask forgiveness,

    samud')
    9

    N ocean.
    ( ;;11) ryadaan'samud' (lam')

    apologize.
    i;1:J.J1Fl:W

    --Also '\oJ-:W1. N

    b ~ 0 d'i'WGi:Wm

    ( i;1:J.J1Fl:J.J) samaakhom 1 (samaakhom')

    ocean-going steamer. 61 :WYI S tJ S 1 n 1 S samudlpraakaan' pN Samutprakan, 9 a township in C Thailand, at the mouth of the ..., Chaophraya R. -+Colloquial name is t!10'W-1.

    1. club, society, association, organization. V 2. to associate.


    ,;1 :J.J 1 FlJ.Jn S S :wn S

    ( 8 :J.J 1 Fl:l-J) samaakhom'kammab:)n'

    524
    G1 :l-111 Sr;l 'I AS 1 :l-1 sa mud' so:gkhraam' pN Samutsong-

    '

    (as a whole), all animals, animals of all kinds.


    l8

    khram, a township in C Thailand. --+Colloquial name is U:l-ln 61 eJ 'I .

    S'18 S S'W

    sedsabl V to finish up.

    8 s S'WG1 1:l'llil sanphasaamid' N excise. -+Chiefly in cpds.

    G1 :l-111 SG1 1 AS samud' saakh::>::m' pN Samutsakhqn,


    9

    8 s s 'W 1 n s sanphaak::>::>n' N revenue. -+Chiefly in cpds.


    r;j

    a township in C Thailand. --+Colloquial name is


    I

    cJ

    111'1'\.J.

    s s l r;j ~bll sanras~an', sans~an' v to praise, laud. 8 s 'l ~ si:ia:g' N heaven. -+Usually in the cpd. below.
    G1 S 'l 'I G1 'J S SA sua:gsawan' 8 s eJtJ ( G1 1 tJ, l8'W)
    s~V*

    6l:J-J'W
    9

    ( A'W) sami:inl (khon')

    N underling, subordi-

    N heaven.

    nate.

    ~n--

    underling.
    ('1Js~ ll1f'l)

    (saajl, s@n') N 1. ornamental

    '1Js~ li1A6l:l-I'W
    9

    prath@ed'samun' (pra::;
    ...,

    chain; string of jewels, pearls, etc. 2. short for


    G1 S eJ tJ l 'W '1 'I below.

    th@ed')
    9

    N satellite country.

    G1 :l-I'W1'W S samun'phrajl N medicinal plant, herb. r;l:J-JVl'IJ'blloV


    9

    ...,

    8 S eJ tJ 'IJ B:W eJ

    "'

    s~jlkh~::>myy'

    N bracelet.

    ( A'W)

    samu?lbanchiil, samuha.?lbanchiil N accountant.

    8 S eJ tJ A eJ s~jkh::>::>'

    N necklace.

    (khon')

    G1 L:l-IG1 S ( G1 L:WG1 S,

    lb~'l)

    8 s eJ tJ l 'W'l 'I ...,

    s~jlphlee:g'

    ...,

    N refrain, chorus.

    samoos3::>nl*(samoos3::>n', ornamental chain; string of jewels, pearls, etc.

    hE::g')

    N 1. club, association. 2. clubhouse.

    V 3. eleg. to gather together, meet.


    '11'WG1 L:WG1 S :gaan' samoos3::>n'

    r;Js~

    (lll'J)

    sara.?! (tua')
    I

    N vowel.

    N party (social

    o G1 s ~
    r;ls~ ~J

    -1

    sara?aa' the vowel -aa, the -aa vowel. sa?t*(sa?',hE::g') ..., -+Also G1S~'Wo1. N pool,pond.

    gathering).
    I

    (r;ls~,llVl'l)

    r;l tJ Iii r;l tHH in

    'W 1 r;l tJ Iii r;l l'HH n.al- sajOdl saj 5::>:g' V

    to be horrible, dreadful.
    r;j tJ 1 :W sajaam'

    -+Syn. 'UeJ. ..., G1 s ~ eJ 1'U'Wo1 sa?l?aabnaam' N swimming pool. 8 s~


    I

    N Siam, former name for Thailand.

    rn

    ..,

    sa?t * V to shampoo, wash (the hair).


    ~

    -+Dis t.

    6ll'J1:Wi'j sajaamrad' nN a Bangkok daily news-

    '11 -1 , "tin . 8 s 1 ~ saau'

    paper, "The Siamese Nation." Transliterated by the publisher as "Siam Rath."

    (an abnormal physical or emotional

    state) to subside, get better. o l;G1;1Hl;'l kh.ijl-saa:g'ltew' thefeverhas subsided. G1 S1 ' ! l ; saa:g'kh11jl
    I
    1

    G1H so:g' V roy.,sacer. to bathe.


    8 s s san/
    8 s sA in

    to choose, select.

    G1 s 1 '!8 s sA sa.a:gsan' V to establish,

    to recover from a fever.

    construct, create.
    8 S S'W (1) sabpha::;, sanpha::;; (2) sab'

    G1 s 1 '!l:l-11 saan'maw'
    1. e leg. bound

    to become sober (after

    being drunk).

    initial element meaning "all, all kinds of." sV 2. completely. -+Mng. 2. of restricted occurrence. NOTE. Usually each compound has its

    G1 S 1 'I s11an' V 1. to build, construct. 2. to be built.

    n1 s-I

    construction, building.

    ~--

    builder;
    I

    creator.

    own preferred alternant of the pronunciations listed for mng. 1. o 'l'W6lliiG1S s'Wno161'! consud'san'phakamlan' with
    9

    n eJ G1 S 1 'I k:J::>s.ia:g' V to build, construct.


    builder.
    d
    I ._,

    '1.1 1 'I- -

    o G1 bi1'W'tlfl eJ 8 s 1 'I struction site.


    LAS

    sathaanthtilk:J::>s11an' N con-

    all one's strength, to the utmost of one's strength.


    'W S eJ :W G1 s s 'W phr:bmsab' V 1. to be ready, all set,

    -18;1 -1 khroons11a:g' N structure, arrange-

    ment of constituents .

    fully prepared. sV 2. all ready, all set, fully prepared.

    ~iiir;l s 1-1 cads.ian'


    .!'

    ..,

    to build, construct, have

    (something) built, constructed.


    G1 S 1 'I 'IJ'W s.ian'khtn'

    8 s S 'W Am sabphakhun' N properties, qualities. 9


    8 S S'W'W 1:W sabphanaam' Ao1-- idem. r;l S S'W~Iil 'l sabphasad', sanphasad'

    1. to build up, establish. 2.

    N gram. pronoun.

    to be built, constructed, to be founded, established.


    8 S 1 'I G1 S SA

    s.iansan' V to establish, construct,

    N animals

    create.

    525
    ~ ~'lJ
    9 9

    ~'J'W

    sarub' V 1. to summarize. 2. to conclude.


    I

    ..,

    ble. cortfaa I dinsalaaV till the end of the

    ~ ~'\J'IJ

    1 'J sarub'kha.aw' V 1. to give a news sum-

    ~ 'W 'W 1 A 'W 51 f'\1 tJ

    mary. N 2. news summary.


    ~

    world, forever, for all eternity. L6 fil f1 ~ '11 [J t8eg' salaa j I


    V to be ruined, go to pieces.

    S'lJ A'J 1 :W sarub'khwaam/ V 1. to sum up, sum9

    marize, conclude.
    ~

    N 2. conclusion.

    51~ rl in tJ 61151 ~A ( M 'J ) plaasalld' (tua') N 1. gouramy, a kind of fresh water fish. 2. e up hem. female genitalia.

    6l r1 salod' V to be sad, sorrowful, melancholy. --+S y n. 6ri S1 .

    "

    'l'U salob' V 1. to faint, lose consciousness. 2. to be unconscious.


    tJ 161 'l'U jaasalob' N anesthetic.

    51~~ salY1J' C the Thai quarter, i.e. a 25 satang


    piece; 25 satangs. 51 'J A suad' V to chant, read aloud, recite prayers.

    ~ 'l'U 6V!:W eJ rl salob'myad' V s 1 an g


    conscious.
    ~ '1 eJ 'W sal3n'* V

    to be un-

    6'W'l~51'JA

    ( b'W'l~)

    phleeusuad' (phleen')

    N hymn.

    1H
    to be conspicuous or prominent in

    51 'J A ( 1n)

    roousuad' (roou')

    N co 11 o q.

    church, church building. 51 'J A:W'W fil , - :W'W filS

    large numbers.
    ~

    "'

    "'

    suadmon' V 1. to pray by reciting

    '1:::: sala?/ V to renounce, sacrifice.


    ~f'l::::

    prayers. 2. to chant sacred words, utter an incantation.


    ~

    b ~'W'1i'Jti sal.a?'udn'-chOaj~

    to donate money
    ~'J'W

    -+Dist.
    I

    EJB'l!J-~1'W.
    N 1. gar-

    to.

    0)

    ('/J'WA,lbV!~)

    suan' (khanad',heu')

    ~ '1:::: s 1'1f~:w,Y~ sala?/rfiad'chasomood' V roy.


    to abdicate. 6 gEl~ '1:::: srasala?/ V to make a sacrifice.

    den. 2. plantation. '111'J51'J'W (Fl'W) chaawsuan' (khon') planter.


    rh~ 'J'W

    N gardener,

    ~ ~n
    ~ ~n

    0J

    eJ'W) salag' (?an')

    N bolt (movable bar).


    I

    thamstianl

    to do gardening, orchard

    lfl

    salag' V to carve, chisel.

    '111 ~-- sculptor.

    work, plantation work.

    --+Co mp. S'lJ ~ ~n


    'U

    ~ 0 1V!~f1, fil,~f1.

    bSElf1~'J'W ('IJ!Tiil)
    garden. N 51 'J'WA S'J

    ryagsuan' (khanad')

    N orchard,

    llf1::::~~n kE;?IsaUtg' V tocarve.


    ( S tJ , ~,'W) rOubsaL3.g' ( rOub', chf n')
    'U

    ( bl~~, 51 'J'W) suankhrua' (h8:g', suan') N

    sculpture.

    kitchen garden, vegetable garden. 51 'J'Wiil e:Jn 1~ ( 'IJ!Tiil) flower garden. 51 suan'd:,::>gmaajl (khanad') N

    ~ ~n ~ 1AblJ salag'samkhan' N co 11 o q. to be
    important.

    ~~rl ~~rl

    0J

    1~ S-- ( Fl'W) salad', coon'salad' (khon')

    'J'Wfl'l1~

    ( 'IJ!Tiil)

    suan'pMnlamaajl (khanad')

    N pirate.
    lfl

    N orchard.

    salad' N salad. [f. Eng.]

    ~ 'J'W~n ( 'IJ!TA) suanpMg' (khanad') N truck garden.

    ~ ~rl rn salad/ V to shake off, throw away, reject. ~ ~'U salab' V to alternate.

    ~ 'J'WG'ifil'l

    ( LlV!~)

    stiansad' (h8:g')

    N zoo, zoologi-

    ~~'J sali1a' V tobedim. :Wr~~~'J m)Tyd'sali1a' V to be dim, dimly lighted.


    51 '11 n
    ~

    cal garden. 'J'W


    lfl

    suanl

    1. to pass (moving in the opposite

    ( fil,,Y'U, 1'U) salaag' (chaoob', bajl) N e 1 e g.


    Q6l1 n .

    direction, as cars in two-way traffic). 2. to take an enema.

    ticket; label. --+Com p.

    sl'U~'l1f1 cab 1 sal8.ag'

    to draw lots.

    1~51'J'W
    f'!Elfil
    ~

    tajstian' V to inquire into, investigate.

    ~6l1nn'W66~~
    baj')
    d

    (!il,::::,Y'U,'l'U) salaag'kinbE:u' (chaoob',


    d

    51'J'W51'W1:W stiansanaam' V 1. to parade. N 2. military parade. El'U 51 J 'W s:J::>bstian' investigation.

    N eleg. lottery ticket. --+Syn.


    z,

    lfileJS,ri'J61Elfil6fileJScom., V!'JtJb'UeJS colloq.


    ~

    to investigate.

    n 1 s-

    611

    sal!ian' V to be prominent, projecting conspicuously.


    I

    ~ 1J 51 'J 'W SyYbstianl V to investigate.


    51 'J'W suan1 N, C 1. part, portion. 2. mat h. denom-

    51611.EI salaaj' V to disintegrate, decompose, crum-

    {;j')'l.J

    526
    I

    inator. Pp 3. on the part of, as for.


    10

    -co mp. 1.
    LA~.

    {;1 'd'W'WeJn
    I 'V

    suann~:Jgl

    the outer part.

    Jl1A ,
    I

    't1l'W,

    llleJ'W, 'U'W,

    -Opp. 2.

    8 'd'W'W J tJ suanno:Jj' the minority, the lesser part.


    I

    '1HJ 1 t.1 {;1 'l 'W khajilaj' suan' V to enlarge propor-

    o A'W8 'd'W'Wlt.l khon'suanno:Jj' N the minority.

    tionately (as in drawing a map).


    I

    b1l'Wi'd'W~lt.l

    pensuan'n:S:Jj' 1. to be the lesser

    1111 :J.I R 'l 'W taamsuan' in proportion.


    I

    part, a small part. 2. in the minority of cases, in a few instances.


    I I

    'U1~{;1'J'W

    baansuan' 1. some part, some parts. 2.

    in part, in some parts, partially. 2. partial.

    R 'd 'W 1 'W as in

    8 'l 'W Vl'W -:J 1 'W R 'tJ J ~ 'W 'd

    .}'

    suan::;

    1J'W~ 'l'W
    I

    pansuan' V to ration.
    I

    nyn'-najsli'kh::'l::ltJnfw' a quarter of an inch.


    R'd'W'UAA~

    :l-11111S1R'd'W m~adtraa'suan' N scale (indicating

    proportionate size).
    "'I

    ' ual
    '

    suanbugkhon' personal, private, individ-Syn.

    (as opposed to public, collective).

    :J-1{;1 'd'W miisuan' V to have a share, a part (in).


    :l-J{;j'J1.J:l-IL6it.l~
    ~
    I

    {;j'J'l.JIII'l.
    I I

    ..,

    -Ant.

    ' !ii'd'WS'd:l-1.

    ;t

    miisuan'miislan' V elab. colloq.

    R 'd'WLL'U '1

    suanbcn' N share. suanprak;J:Jb' N component, con-

    to have a share, a part, a voice (in).


    :J-1{;1 'l'W s 'd:l-1 miisuan'r0am'
    "'I I

    R 'd'Wi.J s::; n l'U

    '

    V to have a share, a

    stituent.
    ' ' {;1 'd'Wi.J s ~ LLIII ~

    part (in).

    s 1 tin 1 s R 'J'W 't1 J 'l fi'W


    ernment service.

    .J

    r:tadchakaan'suanth:S:Jt]thln'
    I

    constituent.
    R 'd'W~ 8 :l-1 suanphas~m'

    '

    suan'pruntn' N c hem. component,

    N municipal government service, local govS 1tin 1 S ~ 'l'WJl:i'JJl1 A rtiadchakaan'suanphuu'mi::;


    'II

    N 1. component, constituent,

    ingredient. 2. admixture.
    I

    ">

    {;1 'd'WJl:WJl1 A
    'II

    suanphuu'miph~agl

    N L province.

    ph~ag'
    I

    N provincial government service.


    I

    2. (as n. mod.) provincial. 8 'l'W:W1n


    I

    L A~R 'd 'W seedsuan' N mat h. fraction.


    LA"&Vl'l.J~{;j'J1.J{;1
    I "

    suanm~ag'

    the greater part; the majority.

    cl

    seednY!J'suansli' one fourth:

    o A'W8'l'W:W1n

    khon'suanm:tag' the majority of

    "numerator one, denominator four."


    I

    people, most people. o


    I

    {;j'J'l.Jn~1~

    suanklaan' N 1. the central part. 2.


    I

    b1l'W~'l'W:W1n

    pensuan'm:tag' 1. to be the greater

    central.
    0

    part. 2. for the most part.


    8 'l'W S 'd:W suanruam'

    S 1 '(] n 1 S {;j 'J 'W n ~ 1 -:) r:iadchakaanl suanklaatJ I

    1. the group as a whole. 2.


    I
    ~

    Central Government Service.


    I

    common, collective. 3. broadly, on the whole,


    I

    R 'l'Wfl 'd'U suankhOab' N component part.


    I

    ingeneral. -Ant. o 1J S::; 1[J 'iiJ't.l J

    R'l'WIII'd,R'd'W'UAA~.

    {;1 'd'W L 9HW suanchalla' N e leg. 1. the average.

    ~ i 'd'W S 'd :W

    prajood'kh3:Jt]slianruam'

    '

    2. share, portion.

    the common interest, common good; the collective advantage. o


    '
    b1J'Wi'd'WS'd:W pensuan'ruam'
    ' 'V

    ~'l'Wl;L~t.l
    ~'d'WL~U.

    suand:taj's!a' N aninterest(i.e.an -Also


    8 'd'W ~lfil

    involvement in gain or loss).


    I

    1. to be common,

    mutual. 2. on the whole, as a whole.


    V

    o f.J1t.~'t1il8'l'Wlfi1 Lgt.l faajl-thiimiilsuand:tajlsla' the interested party, parties.

    ~'d'W~fil

    suanl6d' N discount, deduction. suanjaj' the larger part, the major part,

    ~ 'l'W1 Vl~

    ~ 'd'W~'d

    suantua' private, personal, individual

    the majority.
    '

    (as opposed to public, collective). ' 'UfiA~. -Ant. 8 'd'W Sd:l-1. o

    -s y n.

    8 'l'W

    o
    Q...'

    b1J'Wi 'd'W1 Vl~ pensuan'j[ij'


    I

    1. to be the larger
    I .._,

    ' ~ 1JS::;Lt.1'1i'W81 'd'W~'d


    d
    I

    part, a large part. 2. for the most part, mostly.


    RAR'd'W
    "-' I

    prajood'suantua' personal

    sadsuan' N proportion. -Also 8'd'W8fi1. N partnership (as in a business).


    -s y n.

    interest, advantage, gain; individual advantage. o L S J ~ 8 'd'WIII 'l r9an'suantua' personal matter, private affair.
    I

    Vl'W8 'l'W hOnsuan'

    R 'l :W suam 1 V e leg. to put on, wear.


    I

    '

    1~

    2.

    'W 1 R 'l:W

    n:tasuam' V e leg. (clQthing, jewelry)

    {;1 'd'WIII 'l Q'W suantua'chan' as for me; I, for my

    to be pretty, nice-looking, comfortable to wear.


    {;1'J:WneJA suamk:,:Jdl V to embrace.

    part.

    527
    61 'dd-J'th stiamnfw/ V to wear on the finger.
    v v
    I

    61 d 1 'l sawaau/ to dawn.


    I I

    1. to be bright, light, lighted. 2.

    61'd:l-JHH b'Yl1 stiamroouthaaw/ V to wear shoes. 61'd:l-l (61'd:l-l) s1lam/(s1lam/) euphem.,


    V

    A'd 1:W-- brightness, brilliance, lumi-

    .. b'd"l
    I

    N toilet. -syn.'Ur~'Yl
    9
    I

    nosity; light. S ~ 61 'd 1 ~ r1lu/sawaau/ at dawn, at daybreak. 61 'J 1 'l "l1


    sawaau/c~a/

    vulg.

    61 'J:l-l61 1 fi 1 Sl]. ( bb'VI'l) s1lam/-s.[a/thaarana? (hf:u/) N public toilet, rest room. 61 d t.J suav

    to be extremely bright,

    dazzlingly bright. 61 'J 1 'l171 sawaau/dii/


    I "'

    to be pretty (of things that are seen).

    to be nice and bright.

    A'W-- a pretty girl. -Cf. 61::; 61 'd t.J.


    'IJ 1 'd 61 'd t.l kh~awstiaj /
    J'

    61 ~ 1 .!ll61 'J sawaau/sawaj/


    I

    to shine brightly all

    boiled or steamed rice (in

    over, be bright with light. bb61 'l 61 'J 1 ~


    I

    which each grain is nicely separate). 61 d t.J 'IJ'W suaj /kh9n/

    S~E:tl/ sawaau/

    N light.

    to get pretty' prettier; to

    'V!M 161 'J 1 ~ htiutaa/sawaau/ V 1. to be wide awake.


    'IJ

    become more attractive. 61 'J t.J 'l1 :l-l suajuaam/ V to be beautiful. A'd 1 :W- beauty.
    ,J

    2. to be well-informed, wide awake about what is going on. 6111171 in

    ~6111171 siisawaad/ N 1. b1uishgray. V

    61 'J t.J b9W 'd suajchlaw/ to be strikingly beautiful. 61 'J t.J'U 1171 1)1 1 suaj/baadtaa/ to be strikingly beautiful, dazzlingly beautiful. 'V!1t.J61'dt.J hi1ajstiaj/ V to lose (one's) beauty. 61 'd s sA... ( 61 'd s HI..., chan/)

    2. to be bluish gray.

    bb:W 'J ~ 61 'd 1171

    (iii'J )
    v

    mE:E:w/ siisawaad/

    (tua/)

    N a

    bluish gray cat native to Thailand. 61 d 1 'Yl sawaad/


    1. to be lovely, delightful. 2.

    ~b~ 'l, J'W)

    saw .in/ (sa wan/, hf:u/,

    co 11 o q. to love. 61'dTU1:W sawaapaam/ V slang to eat, eat greedily.


    ... I

    ...
    ...

    N heaven, paradise .

    'Wfl S 61 'J S SA nakhoon/sawan/ pN Nakhqn Sawan (Nakorn Sawan), a township inC Thailand. 61 n 61 'd n A ( 61 n ) 11lugsawan/ (11lug/)
    'IJ 'IJ

    61 'd 1il in 61 'd 1ilnn A ( M eJ)

    saw<Ia/mfphag/(t:,o:::)

    e 1 e g. 1. to surrender, yield, submit oneself (to), submit itself (to) (as a weaker country or king to a powerful neighbor). 2. to be loyal and submissive. 611'1

    N e 1 e g.

    toy balloon (esp. gas-inflated, such as are seen at festivals). 61 S 'd ~ 61 'd S SA suausawan/ N e 1 a b. heaven. 61 'd S S A"'J'\..!;1 sawan/chanfaa/ N e 1 a b. heaven. 61 'd S ~AM saw<lnkh6d/, sawannakh6d/ V roy. to die. b 61 ~ "l 61 'd n AM sadect/ saw<lnkh6d/ V roy. to die.
    v

    ('lJ1n) sawiu/ (paag/)

    N a kind-of small

    fishing-net, a dip-net. 611 'I


    IB

    sawiu/* "swing," as in the entries below.

    [f. Eng.] b'W61 '161 i 'I


    ( l '1'161 'l) phleeu/sawiu/ (phleeu/)

    61 'J::;

    ( M'W, bb'W) sawa?/ N 1. floating weeds (t6n/ for a single plant; phE:E:/ for a mass floating together like a raft). V 2. s 1 a ng class, of bad quality, no good. to be low-

    swing music.

    'V!iJ17161i~ mad/sawiu/ N boxing

    a swing.

    61 1 161 'd 1 t.J sawiu/saw<laj/ V 1. to have a feeling of faintness, dizziness. sV 2. s 1 a ng wildly. o bD'W61:W61i'l61'd1t.J penlom/-sawiu/sawaaj/ V to feel like fainting . o 'll'UHI61i'l61'd1t.l khabr6d/-sawiusawaaj/ to drive recklessly, wildly.
    ...
    ...

    61 61 A- , 61 161 A. See entries below.

    a'

    S1M~61i61A raatrii/sawad/ eleg. Goodnight.


    (obsolete). 61i61AJl1'W sawad/dipMab/ N safety, welfare.

    ...

    recklessly,

    ...

    eJS1].61i61A ?arun/sawad/ eleg. Good morning. 9 (obsolete). 61 61 A sa wad/ dii/. This expression is used in greeting or leave-taking at any time of the day or night; hence it may be translated "hello," "good morning," "good day," etc.

    61iM l'lieJSbb61'W171 sawfdS88lE:en/ pN Switzerland. [f. Eng.] 61 . 61 . ( A'W, 'W 1 t.J ) s:Sos:So/ (khon/, naaj/). Abbrev. for 61 :W 1 iin 61 Jl1 ;bb 'Yl'\.J S1 'l:fiJS Member of the House of
    'IJ

    Representatives. ('lii'1171) sa?saan/ (chanfd/) N phys. matter.

    A'J1:l-l61'1J61-J61A khwaamsug/sawaddii/ N well-being. 61611S


    9

    528
    8'1-1- saM.:::, sah-3.?:::. Bound element meaning "united"; sometimes corresponding to Eng. co-, con-, etc. -see following entries.
    8V1n
    n~

    8 eJ ~ b9

    s:'S::Jl]Caj I
    0'

    V idiom. to be unfaithful, to

    have two loves.


    8 eJ ~ rl S 1 ~ l:J..JGJ
    I

    s:'S::Jl]'taraalJmajl two square miles. just the two (persons),

    saha.k:xm' N cooperative.

    8 eJ ~ lil eJ 8 eJ ~

    s3::Jl]t~::Js:"blJ'

    8 m.J ~::; sJ 1 '(] 1 A sahaprachaacMad' N the United Nations.

    t@te-a-t~te,

    in privacy.

    8 eJ ~ '11 s:'S::Jl]thiil two times, twice.


    I

    8WtJ1~i'.:i eJ l:J..JSn 1 saha.?lpaaliirad'-?ameerikaa'


    N the United States of America.
    8 V1YJ'W S sahaphanl N federation. 8V1Jl1'1'1 ( {;1VJJl1'1'1) sahapMab' (sahapMabl)

    G1 eJ '1 LYl1 s:'l::Jl]th-1w' twofold, two times, twice (as

    much, as big, etc.).


    G1 eJ ~ YJ'W s3::Jl]phan' Nm two thousand.

    N union.

    S eJ 'l S 1 :J..J1'W s:'l::Jl]S<lamwan' two or three days. G1 eJ 'l LbGi'W s:'S::JlJSEen' Nm two hundred thousand. G1 eJ 'l Vl'W s3::J1Jhon' two times, twice.
    1

    8V1Jl1'1'1Lotl L~f'J rl sah.?tpMab'soowtad' N the Soviet

    Union.

    !;1VJi'j ( !;1VJi'j) sah.?tnid' (sahanid') N federated


    states.

    !;1 eJ ~

    S~lJ'*

    V 1. to shine. 2. to illuminate, shine light

    on or through. 3. to look through (telescope, binoculars). 4. to look into (a mirror).

    SV1i'~:J..J:::G11f'J sah~mid'malaajuu' N the Federated .. 'II


    Malay States.

    n;eJ -H1 eJ ~ Yl1 -d nG1


    1

    ( el'W)

    kl~lJ/ S~l]thaal]klajl

    (?ani)

    !;1 V1 i'j eJ L:J..I Sn 1 sah.?tradl?ameerikaal N the United


    States of America.
    SV1S"1eJeJ 1J:V,1 ~n

    N 1. binoculars. 2. spyglass.
    G1 eJ ~ n ~::; 9 n s:Jukracog'
    I '-'

    v 1. to look into a mirror.

    ~ sahar.1ad'cha?aanaacag' N the
    1

    2. to look through a lens.


    G1 eJ ~ 9 1 S~1Jc.1al to shine brightly.

    United Kingdom.
    SV11f'J (Fl'W) sahaajl (khon')

    N eleg. friend.

    -Syn.
    ilrJS8V11rJ
    I

    L'l'lel'W

    G1 eJ ~ li1 s;)uduu' V 1. to look at (through an optical 'II

    com. N friend.

    instrument or by means of a mirror). 2. to look through (an optical instrument). 3. to throw a light on and see. N pencil.

    (Fl'W) mid'sahaajl(khon')

    8 eJ See entries below.


    ~'WS eJ
    ( bb'tn) dins:'l::J' (tht1J')

    ~ eJ ~ l 'W

    s:Jufajl V to throw a light, throw some


    1

    ~'WSel'l'leJ~ dins:'l::Jph::J::Jl]l N a soft, prepared chalk

    light (i.e., cause a light to be thrown in order to illuminate something).


    1

    used as an after- bath powder for its cooling effect.


    I

    -+Dis t.

    G1 eJ 'l LL8 ~.

    8 eJ ~ LLS ~ s~useeu' V (a source of light) to shine, emit light.


    ""
    '1 L '11.
    I

    S eJ

    s~::J'

    V to indicate, point out, show.

    -Dis t.

    ~ eJ --1l'W.

    s eJ ~

    s3::J1J' Nm com. two.

    -ct.

    rJ , Yl1 - , Yl 'd ,

    G1eJii1SeJ~ s~::Jds:Ju'

    V 1. to scrutinize. 2. to watch

    n'161~8eH kamlalJS:'l::JlJ' N math. square, the


    second power. -Often best translated "squared," "to the second power."

    carefully.
    G1 eJ li1 s;)::Jd/ V to insert, thrust in (between or among).

    -Used especially in various figurative senses.

    ~n~rJ1'WReJ~G1eJ (A'W) cagkajaan's:'S::Jl]l5::J' (khan')


    N bicycle.
    J'W8 eJ

    wtfn 8 eJ li1 ' uYl sn 61 eJ [i1

    s~egs:J::Jdl

    v 1. to interfere,

    intervene. 2. to have (something) interwoven, be threaded (with). sV 3. by inserting; interweavingly.


    ~

    chans:'l::JlJ' second class (accomodations);

    the second story, second level.

    &18eJ~ tiis:'l::JlJ' colloq. 2 A.M. -Syn.


    writ. 8 eJ
    1:: ~ Fl ~ ~

    L6J

    'W1'Wn1

    8 eJ li1 Fl61 eJ ~ s~::Jd'khl:blJ' V to be in line (with), in agreement (with).

    s:'S::Jl]khralJ' two times, twice.

    S e.Jii1'1'11i1 s;)::Jd'phfiud' V to interrupt, break in (by)


    'II

    8 eJ ~ A'W s:'l::Jl]khyyn' two nights, for two nights.

    speaking.
    'U

    8eJ~~IilSel~b9 s:'l::Jl]cld's:'l::Jl]Cajl V elab. colloq.


    to hesitate, be hesitant, undecided, be of two minds (about something).

    8 eJ rl 'II ~ s:J::Jd'ruul" V to be inquisitive, curious, meddling.


    I

    i;1e.JriSeJ~ s;)::JdS~lJ' V 1. to scrutinize.

    2. watch

    carefully. 8 el'W s:5::m1 V to teach.


    "-'

    6\ eJ'U 6\ 'J'W

    s~obsl1an'

    to investigate.

    n 1 s--

    n 1 ~-- teaching. Fl"1-I

    investigation.

    ( '(J

    eJ ''lJ ~:::: n 1 ~)

    doctrine, teaching.

    6\ eJ'Wiil eJ s3ophbo' V to fawn (on), curry favor (esp.


    by pretending willingness, agreement).
    "'-' oV

    'lJ S:::: d.J 'J Sl n 1 S8 eJ'W ( LSld.J) pramuan'kaans:5on'


    (H~m')

    N syllabus.
    ( Fl'W) phO.u'fygs:5on' (khon') N instrucI

    6\e:Jd.J
    ~

    (Fl'W)
    &.>

    s~m'*

    (khan') N fork. -Usually "118l.l,

    ;W n 6\ eJ'W
    '11
    I

    eJ !'J

    s:SV* V 1. to gather, pick (fruit, flowers) by

    tor; trainer.
    'J1'WeJ'W8eJ'W~1!'J

    means of a long pole with a basket or prong on wa.anoon's3olllJa.ajl V elab. the end. 2. to stitch lightly.
    6\e:J!'J l!:J

    co 11 o q. to be tractable, easily led, compliant, obedient.


    I

    in

    1~6\e:J!'J

    chajs:Sjl* V to expend, use, make

    use of.
    6\e:J!'J m

    -see cross reference.

    'J1'WeJ'WG\eJ'W!'J1n wa.anoon's:Sonja.ag' V elab.

    in

    ~~88t1;8!'Jiil1d.J tlds:5jlh~jtaam'*

    V elab.

    co 11 o q. to be untractable, unmanageable, disobedient, unruly.


    ,!,

    co 11 o q. to follow, accompany.

    6\ : : n ~

    &.>

    sakod' V 1. to follow after, trail. 2. to

    6\ .:j 6\ el'W sa:ns:Son'


    sermonize.
    V!d.JeJG\eJ'WA18'W1
    I

    to teach, counsel, instruct,

    spell (a word).
    6\:::: n ~ s eJ tJ lil1 d.J sakod'roojl -taam' V to follow

    F11-- teaching, counsel, precept. (Fl'W) m3o's:Sonsaasan1!.a' (khon')

    after, trail, track.


    6\:::: n ~ l!:J sakod' V 1. to control, check, suppress.

    N missionary.
    8 eJ'W
    I

    &.>
    I

    s~n'*

    V (the eyes) to be slightly crossed.


    I

    2. to put to sleep (by magic or hypnotism).


    6\:::: n ~ ~ lil sakod'cld' V to hypnotize.

    lil18 eJ'W taa's~n' V to be slightly cross-eyed. 6\8'\J l!:J

    in

    816\e:J'W sams~n* sV 1. promiscuous,

    6\::::n~"l'l sakod'cajl V to control oneself, restrain

    undiscriminating, indiscriminate (in one's associations, behavior). 2. mixed, jumbled, indiscriminate1y mingled. 3. promiscuously, undiscriminating1y, indiscriminately.
    6\e:J'I.J s~ob' V 1. to examine, test, check.

    oneself.
    8::::n~eJnG1::::n~1'l sakodl?og'-sakod'cajl V elab.

    co 11 o q. to control oneself, restrain oneself, suppress one's emotions.

    2. to take

    6\::::rltil.

    See 6\rltil.

    an examination. in school).

    n 1 S-- examination, test (as

    6\:::: n til sakld'

    1. to tap, nudge gently (in order to

    n 1 ~ 6\ eJ'UU'CJ ~ 'CJ'W kaans~ob'kh'E::nkhi!.n' N competi-

    . ..,

    get someone' s attention). 2. to scratch, pick gently (as with one's fingernail).
    6\::::ntil"l'l sakld'cajl V 1. to remind one. 2. to

    tive examination.
    'CJ eJ 6\ eJ'U ( 'IJ eJ) kh:los:,ob' (kh:lo') N 1. examination

    make one become suddenly aware (of).


    c;
    q...
    Q..o'

    questions.

    2. examination.

    6\:::: Ln til

    ( -B'W, 8'W, Ut:J'W)

    saked' (chin', ?an', phtn')

    lil ~ 'J 'lG\ eJ'U truads~ob' V to check, verify.

    ...

    N 1. fragment, piece, flake, chip. 2. scab .


    6\:::: til 'J n

    6\ eJ'U"1JeJd.J

    s~obs:Som'

    V to take or give a test, a

    saduag' V to be convenient. F1 'J 1 :l.J- -

    con-

    quiz (other than a final examination).


    8 eJ'\.J 1 ;

    veniences, facilities, accommodations; convenience. o 1;A'J1:l.J8::::til'Jn(LLrl) Mjkhwaam'saduag'(ka:::::) to be accommodating (toward).

    s~obda.ajl

    V to pass (an examination or

    course, in school).
    8 eJ'\.J 1:11 d.J s~obthi!.am' V 1. to inquire into. 2. to

    question (somebody) (as in an investigation).

    1~ !'J 6\ : : til 'J n


    8:::: ~ eJ 6\:::: til~ q ( 6\:::: ~ eJ)

    dooj saduag' convenient!y. sadyy' (sadyy') N navel.

    6\ eJ'\.J 1~ s~obla.jl V 1. to take a final examination.


    N 2. final examination. o 6\ eJ'\.J 1~1; nation. o 8eJ'U1SI liln nation.
    1

    sadO.:n' V to startle; to be startled.


    q

    s~ob'la.jda.ajl
    s~ob'la.jtog'

    V to pass an exami-

    ... "' 6\:::: til~ Lel eJ n

    sadO:l)-'h~ag-'

    V to start suddenly,

    start with a gasp, be startled. V to fail in an exami6\:::: til til sadud' V 1. to stumble. 2. to stumble over, q

    trip over (something).

    530
    ~::: fl A1 "I sadud'cajl V to be struck (by), have

    61n

    lJ

    '

    ~:::: i fl in Lb 'W ~~ ~:::: i fl phrt' saphad' V to spread out,


    be widespread, widely talked about.
    ~::::'WTW ~

    one's attention arrested, get suspicious.


    ~::: fl A111 1 sadud'taa' V to strike the eyes, be

    eye-catching, noticeable.

    '

    ( ~:::'WTW)

    saphaan' (saphaan') N bridge.

    1 'J ~::::'W1'\J raaw'saphaan' N railing or balustrade

    ~:::~ sat)r?l V 1. (a person) to be good-for-nothing.


    2. to be of Pc>or quality, worthless . ..., ~:::'tln in ~:::'tln~:::'tl1'\J sath6g'sathaan' V to be

    of a bridge.
    ~::::'W1tl

    saphaajl V to wear over the shoulder, carry

    on the shoulder.
    I

    ..,

    afraid, frightened; to shake with fear.

    ~::::

    L'W ~ 1 saphr.w' V to be careless. saphajl N female relative by marriage, i.e . the wife of a blood relative within a given family. The term designates a woman as an in-law of her husband's blood relatives. Generally combined with kinship terms.
    .....o p p.

    i1::: 'YHJ'\J sath:S::m' V 1. to reflect. 2. to recoil,


    . rebound, bounce. 3. eleg. a kind of fruit (Sandoricumindicum). -+Syn. n~:::'lHl'\J com. ..., t:JSl~:::'tlJ'\J phOn'sath:S::m' N after-effect, resulting

    ~:::: 1;

    ...,
    ~

    effect, secondary effect.

    L"lJ tJ N sister-

    :::'tl1'\J sathaan' V to shake, tremble, shiver,

    ,;)~~::::1;

    (Fl'\J)

    n5:::>usapMjl (khan')

    ..., ~::: 'YJn ~::: '111 '\J sath6g' sathaan' V to be afraid,

    quiver.

    'U111H1::::1; (fl'\J)
    ..., ...,

    frightened; to shake with fear.


    ~::: Lll'\J sath<'}<'}n' V 1. to be half-(this, half-that).

    .
    d

    in-law who is the wife of one's younger brother. biid'sapMjl (khan')


    'U

    .., N eleg .
    com. N wife of

    daughter-in-law.

    -+Syn. fln61::::1Jl

    'lJ1~::::1Jl
    ..,

    ( Fl'\J) p.a'sapMjl (khan')

    2. elect.,chem. to be neutral.

    elder uncle, i.e. elder aunt- in-law.


    'W~:::: 1Jl

    ~::: Lii'!JJ1~::: Lii'!J'Un

    sathddn'naam'-sathddn'bbg'

    ( fl'\J)

    phtisaphajl (khan')

    N sister-in-

    V e 1 e g. to be amphibious.

    law who is the wife of one's older brother.


    &1 n
    '~~

    ~::: LTI J'\J sathyan' V e 1 e g. to shake, tremble,


    vibrate.
    Fl 'J 1:W--

    ~:::: 1;
    in-law.

    ( Fl'\J) 11lugsapMjl (khan')

    ..,

    N daughter-

    vibration, tremor.

    -+Syn.

    'U111~~::::1Jl eleg.

    ~::: LTI J'!J1 "I sathyan'cajl V 1. (one's feelings) to


    be touched. 2. to be deeply moved, touched, hurt, wounded.
    ~::::~:W ~:::: ~

    sa?som' V to store, accumulate. -..cf.


    ~

    'J U sa?suajl V to be beautiful, pretty.

    'J U.

    ~ :::tTfl saood'

    1. to flutter (in the wind). 2. to

    ~:::: ~

    1 ~ sa ?saau'

    1. to solve, clear up (a problem).

    shake oneself, shake (oneself) free. 3. to shake (something).


    ~

    2. to clear up (accumulated work).


    ~::::J1A

    -+Cf.

    611 ~

    ...,

    sa?aad' V to be clean.

    fl'J1:W--

    cleanliness;

    ~ :::'U fl ~ )'\,!~

    :::'U fll-Y'\J 1 d saood'r5::m'- saba.d'n~aw'

    cleanness.
    ~fi~::::J1fl

    V 1. to feel alternately hot and cold, esp. when in fever. 2. (the weather) to alternate between hot and cold. 3. co 11 o q. to be nervous (because of anxiety).

    sod'sa?aad'

    to be fresh and clean.

    ~::::J1fi~::::JTW

    sa?aad'sa?.an' V elab. colloq.

    to be spick-and- span, clean.

    ~:::: 5n sa ?yg' v to hiccup.


    "' &-' ~::::Jn~::::l'W
    sa?yg'sa?~n'

    ~:::tJfll-Y'\J1 sabad'n~a' V to turn the face away


    quickly (as when angry).
    ~ :::'U'\J saMn' V 1. to be severed, broken or cut apart.
    1;

    V elab. colloq. to

    sob.
    ~:::: l'W sa?~n'

    &-'

    V to sob. V to sob.

    sV 2. apart. 3. slang
    JtJ1~~:::'U'\Jl-Y'\JLb'l-Yfln
    1;
    J.,

    verymuch;very.

    ~:::: t'\J 1~ sa?~n'h.jl


    ~::::Ll'J

    jaausaMn'-han'lhg' slang

    (61::::Ll'J) sa?ew'*(sa?ew') Neleg. waist

    a great deal, extremely, unsparingly.


    I I

    (body-part). -+S y n.
    6fn
    (9)

    ~ ::: 'U
    'U

    See

    ~ 'U
    'U

    ..., sag' N teak. 111 'W- -

    LJ 'J

    ..,

    com. the teak tree

    ( 111 'W )

    ~ ::: L9,j tJ ~ See L~ 9,j tJ ~


    ~:::'W~ ~ saphr~u'
    J.,

    (Tectona grandis).

    sV profusely, in great quantity,

    1~6fn

    majsag' N teak, teakwood. -+Co mp.

    all over.

    6fn 1.! sag' V to tattoo.

    ~fln

    1.!.

    ~n

    531
    sag', sag' qM as little as, merely, just (minimizing the quantity or amount). --Ant. llH l.!:J.
    I
    I,

    ~n

    10

    vation, item or comment based on observation.


    ~

    NOTE. Often pronounced sag' in the spoken language and hence sometimes spelled
    ~

    '11 1 'l 1:1 'l 6 n lil ch.1usaukf~ed' V to be observant.


    Q...J

    .Jn .

    <V

    'W 1 1:1 1 bn li1 1:1 'l n 1 n.1a'- saukE~ed' saukaal v e 1 a b.

    1:1 n Fl ~ ~ sagkhrau'. sagkhrau' once, just once, just

    1;

    co 11 o q. 1. to be worthy of notice. 2. to be noticeable.

    this once.
    1:1 n lil ~ sagt~D' sagt.1u' co 11 o q. just for (the
    1;
    ~

    1;

    ~A~1 bnlil phld'saukeed' V to be unusual, queer,


    abnormal. o
    b~'W~ A~ 1 bn li1

    needed) period of time.

    --See

    li1 ~

    <9J.

    ~n 6~1l :1

    sagtMwrajl 1. {just) how much? {just)

    h~nphid'saukeed 1 to sense some-

    how many? 2. how much, how many; however much, however many. --For additional exam-

    thing unusual happening.

    .W 1 ~'l bn li1 phYtJ'sagkeed' 1. to be noteworthy.


    2. (it) should be noticed (that); note (that).

    ples see cross reference. o

    6'U1~:::~.us1~n6~1ls nl~ri'W
    sagth~wraV-- k~m~jthan'~
    d

    khawcawturew'-

    o 'IJ e:J~ 'l 1:11 6n li1 kh~::lphYtJ'saukeed' N a noteworthy point.

    "

    ""

    No matter how fast

    he runs, he still won't make it. o l:J.J'Vl11~1nfl'W'WG1n 6fl1l:i m~jh8.au 1 caagthtin.1n 1 sagth~wraj'
    I 1

    ~ 'l bn li1 n 1 H~ saukeed'kaan' V to observe.


    an observer.

    ~ -'U

    J_.

    <l...'

    not so very far from there.

    ~1 bn li1 ~ 1 u

    saukeed'u.1aj' v to be easily observ-

    ~n'IJA b~f) 'J sagnfd'diaw' a little bit, the slighest.


    ~nin sagphag' for a short time, for a while. ~n61e:J~.J'W sags::i::luwan' just a couple of days.

    able, noticeable.

    ~ 'l bn lil b~'W saukeed'h~n' v to notice, observe.


    ~'l'IJ in
    v .~

    'Vle:JUG11'1J

    (lil'd) h::ijsau' (tua')

    N conch.

    ~n'Vl~e:JU

    sagn:J::ljl a little, a little bit. sagkhii'phajaan' N eleg. 1.

    ~'l'IJU1 saukhajaa' N custard.


    ~ 'l 'IJ 1 S saukhaan' N e leg. the body; the physical
    and mental constitution of the body.

    ~n~ in ~n~~U1'W
    ,!.,

    witness, eyewitness. 2. evidence.


    1:1 1 sau' v Flo1-~

    to order, give orders to, command.


    I

    ~ 'l b'IJLJ See entries below.


    1M~ 1 b 'IJU doojl saukheeb' briefly; in brief.
    '1'1 eJ bo\J'W~ 1 b 'IJLJ ph::l::l'pensaukheeb' idem.

    ('1Je:J,e:JU1~,'lh:::n1:J)

    order, command,

    instruction.
    ~'UG1
    L

    1 rabsau' V roy. 1. to order. 2. to speak,

    ~1Fl:J.J (~'lAJJ) saukhom1 (saukhom') N 1. society.


    2. (as n. mod.} social.

    say. N 3. order, command.


    ,!.,

    1:1 1 n 1 :i saukaan' v
    L
    ~

    to give orders, instructions.

    '111-'l~lA:J.J thaau'saukhom' social.


    .-

    1:1 'l'W 1:J.Jn sau'namm1lug' vel eg. to blow the nose.

    t 11:1 e:J'W
    t~ b ~tJ
    'VI:J.J1ut1

    'U

    saus:J::ln' v
    Aol--

    to teach, counsel, instruct,

    N human society.

    sermonize.

    " ( 'lHJ, '\.] S ::on 1 S) teaching,


    to give parting instructions

    ~'lAJJ1'YW1 saukhom'widthajaa' N social science.


    ~ 'l Fl :J.J 1:1 'l b Fl S 1:; 'VI saukhoml soukhr5? I
    welfare. N social

    counsel, precept. sau'sia'

    (before one leaves the country, before one dies).


    ('l'U,fil.tJ'U) maajsau' (baj',chabab')

    i:111~1Fl:JJ (Fl'W) saaw'saukhom' (khon') N 1.


    a much-photographed beauty, a pin-up girl. 2. a well-known beauty of loose morals.

    law

    writ, formal written warrant.

    ~1n:::~ saukasii' N 1. zinc. 2. galvanized iron.


    ~ ~ A saukad' V 1. to be under (the jurisdiction of).
    2. tobeaffiliatedwith, belongto(e.g.apolitical party).

    ~HF1S1:::'Vl saukhr;)?t V chem. 1. to synthesize.


    2. to be synthetic.

    n1 S--

    c hem. synthesis.

    ~1'JJS1ti in

    '1'1S::o~'l'JJS1ti phrasau'khara.ad' N chief

    of all the Buddhist priests in the country, Buddhist

    ~'l bnlil saukeed'


    observation.

    to observe, notice.

    Fl'd1:J.J--

    supreme patriarch.

    -+Often incorrectly spelled

    ~1 'J S Sat:JW::l::ln/ V to be aware (of), pay attention


    (to), be mindful (of).

    ~Hn~J~. q

    532

    ~ ~ 'J s-1; s.iuw:xm/waj/

    to bear in mind.

    ~bl!bl! 1lll, sanjaan/ N signal.


    ne:J~Gi'bl!bJ!1lll, (ne:J~) koou/sanjaan/ (koou/)
    mil it. signal corps.
    N

    ~~'J1Gi s.iuw~ad/ V eleg.,tech. 1. to copulate.


    2. to sleep together, cohabit.

    ~ ~ L 'J 'lf s<'luw~ed/ V to feel pity, feel pity and sorrow.

    ~ijij1!J1,'\J~ e:JlilJltJ s.injaan/pl?:lodphaj/ N all-clear


    signal.

    ~1~~

    L'J'lf

    n~a/s.iuw~ed/

    V to be pitiable, pitiful,

    ~bl!bl! 1fli,JltJ 'tl1 ~ eJ 1 n 1 A s.injaan/ -phaj/thaau?aakaad/


    N air- raid warning.

    such as to evoke pity.

    ~~'V!H; as

    in

    ~~'V!H;L'l

    s<'luhoon/caj/ V to have

    ~Ill,~ 1'W ( bb'U'U, 'lf'Wlil)

    s<'lntMan/ (bh:b/, chanfd/)

    a premonition, a presentiment.

    1. shape, appearance. C 2. shape.

    ~~'Ill U . s<'luh.ian/ V e 1 e g. to kill, destroy.


    ~qj'l S" s<'lncoon/ V e 1 eg. 1. to pass, go along (e.g.
    a street). 2. to wander. N 3. passage, passageway, road, thoroughfare.
    't11 'l ~qj'l S"
    ( iil1 tJ, 't11

    ~lil
    ~lil

    in

    ~lil ~ 'J'W

    sadsuan/ N proportion.

    1m

    sad/

    to mate, copulate (of animals).

    L11'W~lil

    pensad/ V to rut, be in heat. Used of both

    male and female animals; rarely extended colloquially to human beings.

    ~) thaau/s.incoon/ (s.iaj/,

    thaau/)

    N eleg. 1. thoroughfare, passageway.

    ~111tJ sad/ N 1. truth, veracity. 2. promise, pledge,


    word of honor.
    A'J 1:W-- truth; honesty.

    2. any area traversed by pedestrian or vehicular traffic.

    ~e:J~m.t
    passer-by.

    s9Ysad/ V 1. to be honest. 2. to be faithhonesty; faithfulness, loyalty.


    ~

    ~qj'l s-1 '\J:W 1 s.incoon/pajmaa/ V to pass back and


    forth, go back and forth. A'ti--

    ful, loyal. A'J1:W--+Also


    iil 11lf.J"fil
    "'d

    ~qj'l11111qj1lll, s.incMad/tajaan/ N instinct. ~qj'l11~ s<'lncMad/ N law


    citizenship. -+Dist.

    iiA61ii~mt

    miisiin/miisad/ V elab. colloq. to

    be trustworthy, honest, upright.

    L~e:J'lf1~. ~qJ'lf1~e:J L:wrn'W L~l'lf1~1m.J


    ship, Thai nationality.

    s.incMad/?amee:::;

    L~tJ~111tJ"' siasad/ V to be untrue 1;~111tJ"' Mjsad/ V to promise.


    ~lil~ FS. -see Gi111~.

    (to).

    rikan/-chyachad/thaj/ (of) American citizen-

    ~111 tJ 11J'W sadtajaa/ban/ N ratification.

    ~qj'l11~qj1lll, s<'lncMad/tijaan/. -+Var. of ~ij'l11111ij1lll,,

    ~ijij~n'tffll, ( &i''J) s.ifl/jalag/ (tua/) N symbol. ~ijqj1 ( ~M1T'U) sanjaa/

    ...

    ~111 'J , ~li1 'J- ( &]'J ) sad/, sad'tawa:::; (tua/) N animal,


    beast.

    1. to promise, agree, con-

    'IJ'W~Iil 'J
    ,;y

    ( LGi'W)

    kMnsad' (s~n/) N fur, wool,

    tract. N 2. promise, agreement, contract, treaty (chabab/). is e.


    Ao1--

    "' ( 'IJ l, '\J S" ~ n 1 S") a prom-

    animal hair. ~ ... L'W l iillil 'J nyasad/ N meat, flesh.

    '\Jf'I~111'J,'\Jiil~111'J (&i''J) pasusad/(tua') N eleg. q q


    domestic animals .
    bb~'YW~111'J
    I ~

    ...

    ...

    ...

    N agreement, pact.
    LeU'ti~ijbj! 1 sen/s.injaa/ V to sign a contract.

    ('ti1tJ,Fl'W)

    phtedsad/ (naaV,khon/) -Syn. 'Vl:Wl~lil'J

    ...

    eleg. veterinarian.
    .r

    com.

    ~lil~qjbl!1 phld/sanjaa/ V to break a promise,


    break a contract.

    611 iil111 'J


    Jt
    IV

    lasad' V to hunt (game).


    0"

    L ~ tJ ~ iillil 'J

    liausad' V to raise, breed animals. animal husbandry.


    I

    iil'WS~qjij1
    treaty.

    ( ~M1T'U)

    sonthf?/s.injaa/ (chaoob/)

    n 1 s- ~

    iil'J'Wiil111'J

    (bb'Vl~)

    suansad' (htu') N zoo, zoological

    ~qjbj! 1 ll'U s.injaa/ka:::; to make an agreement with,


    promise (a person).
    Gi'qJblJ1 ~ 1 sanjaa/wa/ to promise that.

    garden .

    ~111'Jn'W'W:W
    ... v

    ...

    sad'kinnom/ N com.

    mammal.

    Gi'111'Jfi'WLtJe:J

    sad/kinnya' N carnivorous animal. sad'catubaad/ N lit.,eleg. quadruped.

    Gi'qJij1~'ti~Jl1~ sanjaa/santipMab/ N peace treaty.


    L ~tJ~qjblJ1 1 ;~bl!bl! 1

    ~lil'J'l111'\J1l1
    <r I q

    sia/s.injaa/ V to break a promise.

    ~111 'J 1111 ~


    ~Iii 'J'Wo1

    .....,

    sadtaau' N pack animal. sadnaam' N aquatic animal.

    MV sanjaa/

    to promise.

    533
    Gflii'J'U ll

    Gfw;nJ 1 sadpaa' N wild animal, forest animal;


    wildlife.
    0

    ....

    sadoogl N land animal.

    .U'Wl'W pyynsAn' N pistol, revolver.

    ~1'WJ''W~1'Wf:J1'J ph~nsAn'phOnjaawl
    mutual concession .
    'V'l(ilff'W 1n !'\.! phOud'-lfnkajlsAn'
    'II

    V elab.

    n 1 H~ ~ 'J1J'W'W 6 Gf!il 'J'\.J 1 kaanl-sauuanphan'sadpaal

    ...

    .-,

    co 11 o q. to ease tensions by compromise or

    wildlife conservation.
    GfIii 'J 'V'l1 'VI'W::;
    "' v

    to be talking

    sad'phaahana? I

    N beast of burden.
    d b~

    drunk: "talk (lil<e someone) with a short uvula."


    J:: 1-161'\.J

    Gf!il 'J b ~f:J ~ sadlfau' N domesticated animal, pet. ~ ... .t Alii 'J b liW -Hl ll (i1 'J f:J'W:W sad'-1 fauHlug'dOajnom'
    'II

    ( b ~ 1-1)

    r1ausAn' (r1au')

    N short story. N anthology

    o 'lf:W'W:W b~ 1 ~ J''W chumnum'r1ausAn'

    e 1 e g., z o o 1. mammal.
    GfIii 'J b ~ 1 f:J Fl '11'W sad'lyajkhlaan' N reptile.
    ... v

    of short stories.
    'J ~ 'l ~ J''W wouc;:,;:,nls!ln' N e 1 e ct. short circuit . 61 1 f:J lii1J''W siiajtaa'sAn' V 1. to be nearsighted.

    Gfm 'J 1rw 1 sad'tawawfdthajaa' N zoology.


    Gf!il 'J 8 1 ~ b'111 sad's:S;:,utMaw' N biped, two-legged

    2. to be short- sighted.
    l'W(i11'W sAndaan' N disposition, character. iil(i1Gf'W(i11'W dad'sandaan' V to reform (a person).
    0

    creature (as a fowl) .


    .... cr'd
    v

    Alii1Ab't11 sad'slithaaw' N eleg. quadruped. 'VI:W a6flil 'J Gf'W


    0J (

    ( Fl'W) m:S;:,sad' (khon') N veterinarian.

    1~ ~

    b Sf:J'W!il(i1Gf'IJ(i11'W roourian'-dad'sAndaan' N

    Gf'W) sAn' (san')

    N 1. ridge. 2. the back

    reform school.
    l'WL(il"eJ- sandood' V 1. to be contented (with what one

    of a blade, the non-cutting edge of a knife.


    FJ:WGf'W khomsiin' V to have clean-cut (features),

    has or is). 2. to be solitary. Fl 'J 1 :W- ment; solitude.

    content-

    . '1"161'\.J
    ~

    be handsome (referring to men). l!imsiin' V to be strong, robust, muscular.


    (bb'VI~)

    61'W(i1J'W

    6f'W~ santl?l, siinti:::: N peace, calm. -+Chiefly in


    compounds.

    sand;:,;:,n'(heu')

    N sandbar(at

    the mouth of a river).


    6f'W'VIi-1 ( 6f'W'VIi-1) sanlau 1 (sanlau') N 1. dorsal

    hf:JGf'W~16 doojlsant'l.wfthii' by peaceful means.

    1'W f:J 1 :1-J Gf'W ~


    v ...

    najjaaml santi? I
    ...

    in times of peace,

    ridge; spine. 2. back (body part). o

    in peacetime.

    f\~::;(i1ll6fm'l6i'~ (~'W)
    'II

    kraduugsiinlau' (chfn')

    j;J'WTin"el-Gf'W~ S1"el-i) ~
    'II

    ( Fl'W, 'W 1 f:J) phQuphftMg'san::::

    N 1. vertebra. 2. backbone, spine. o 1"1J6f'W'VIi~ khajlsanlau' N spinal cord. oo 1;1'1J6f'W'VIi~ kh!ijl-khiijlsanlau' N polio.
    0

    tidad' (khon', naajl) N e 1 e g. policeman.


    Gf'W ~'U 1 '1 siintibaanl N 1. e 1 e g. maintenance of

    the peace. 2. the city police.


    6f'W ~ Jl1'W santiphAabl N peace, peacetime; peace-

    l'W'VIi~f:J1'J sanlau'jaawl

    idiom. to be lazy.

    l'W t.:J in
    J.,

    ~6f'W siilsan' N color.


    2. to ring (of

    fulness. o Gfbl!q)16f'W~Jl1'W sanjaa'santipMab' N peace treaty.

    A'W san' V 1. to tremble, vibrate.

    bells).
    1'1J~'UA'W kh!ijlcabsan' N eleg. malaria. -+Syn.
    1;J1 colloq.
    J.,
    v~

    J.,

    l'W~61"1J siintisug' N peace, peace and happiness.

    l'Wm in

    l'Wm1:wliiS siin'thawamajtrii' N close

    1 ~ 61 'W
    ~

    ca j san' V to be frightened, have one's


    'II

    friendship, intimate friendship.


    'tliiil'W m 1:wlil

    heart quiver with fear.


    J.,

    s ('\.!1 f:J)

    thOud'sanlthawamajtriil

    Iii 'J 61'W tuasan' V to tremble all over.

    N good-will ambassador.
    6f'W (i1 santMd' V 1. to be proficient, skilled, adept,

    A'Wll(illl

    J_.,

    san'degdeg' to tremble violently without

    '

    ...

    ...

    stopping.
    J''W

    experienced. sV 2. medium, average, good, -+Dis t.


    'II

    s!ln' V to be short (in length). -+Ant.


    811. b ~:WJ''W ( el'W) khems!ln' (?an')

    just right.

    ~ 'lJ ~ 1 'l 6f'W n (i1

    r0ubr1iau' santhadl

    to be of medium

    N hour hand (of

    build, of a good size, well-proportioned.


    d 'lll1 s l'WTI(illl ~& woukaan'-santMdlb;:,ranii/ N

    a clock).

    A~'WJ''W

    khl9)rns!ln' N tech. short wave.

    well-informed circles or sources.

    534

    6ftrihl1 fi1

    sannfbaad' N 1. assembly, gathering,

    61J.Ji'W 6 '111 -1 n 1 S '11 fi1


    'll

    sAmphanlthaaukaanthtlud' N

    congress. 2. league.
    6f'WtJ'U 1 fil'lf1 ~ sannfbaad'cMad' N the League of

    diplomatic relations.
    61J.Ji'W 6 Jl1 '1'1 samphan'thaph~ab' N relation, rela-

    Nations.
    6f'WtJ'U1filfl1VIf'U sannfbaadl?aarab' N the Arab

    tionship, state of being allied, bonds of friendship.


    61J.Ji'Woilfil S samphan'thamfd'

    N 1. alliance.

    League.
    6f'WtJ'ijj 1'W sannithaan'* v 6f'U
    (9)

    2. allies. to presume. o J1tJ6fJ.Ji'W6ilfil:i Htaj'samphan'thamfd' N the Allied side, the Allies.


    GfJ.Ji'W olJ.Jfil ~ samphanlthamajtriil N friendly

    sabl

    to hack, chop, slash.

    Gi'U ln sab'kaj'

    to pull the trigger {of a gun).

    6f'U ( ) s fl'U"] sab'{ ... )r~:Jbr~:Jb' to hack (it)

    relations, friendship.

    -Also A 11 J.J-- samphaalnJ.?I(jaau') N

    all the way around, make a series of slashes all around (it).
    6f'U
    1]
    ~

    61J.JJ11S,61J.JJ11S~ (8~1~)
    belongings.

    eleg. equipment, provisions, material. supplies,

    sab'

    to change, alter, switch.

    d 61'Ult!~tJ'W

    sabpllan'

    to change, alter, switch.

    61J.JJl1'ijl]. sAmph~adl V 1. to interview. N 2. inter-

    6f'UtJ ~ s lil

    ( f11, 1 'U, ~ n, t:1 ~) sabpar6d' (Ma', baj'

    view.
    61J.Jb]'lltS

    ltlugl, phOn')
    6f'UtJi'U sabplab'

    N pineapple.

    "
    (9)

    " in 'lleJ~Gfl-Jb]'YltS th:J:JD'samrfd' N bronze.


    Tiel ~'US el'W'If.

    to be deceitful in speech (in the

    -Also called
    61J.Jb]'lltS

    sense of saying one thing to one person, and another to another).


    6f'U 61'W sabs~n'

    "

    ll

    " in GfJ.Jb]'lltSr:l~ samrfd'ph6n' N to be sue-

    cessful.
    611
    (9)

    to be confused.

    See entries below.

    ~~Gf'U61'W fau'sabs6n' V to sound confusing.


    61Lilil'W sabpadon' v to be obscene, indecent. " 6fL!Iil1VI sabdaal C eleg. week. 6111 11iln 6ft!lil'W sabpadoog'sabpadon'

    l ~tJ ~ 611 diausaa'. Bound form meaning "worldly

    wisdom," used in the following negative expressions; not used in the positive. o

    e 1 a b. co 11 o q.

    l~ l ~ tJ ~ ~ 1, l; l ~ tJ ~ ~ 1 m~jdiausaa',
    dom (as of a child).

    raj'diau::::

    to be obscene, indecent.
    611Jfi ll'l sabparau'khee'

    saa' to be innocent, naive, to lack worldly wiscolloq. to be in poor

    condition, dilapidated, worn out.


    6ft! VI~ n sabpauogl V to nod (as when sleepy).

    ~el~ 1 th}iysaa' V to mind (something said or done),


    take offense.

    i'Wl'l'll'VIS~ sabphee'heeni?l N colloq. stuff, junk.


    S:YW vn
    sabphaj~:Jgl

    ~1

    1]

    in

    ~11~.~1lln1~

    saa'caj'. saa'kacaj', -ke-

    V to tease (in a friendly way).

    to feel satisfied, do something to one's heart's content (esp. when getting ti'1e better of somebody, when giving him what he deserves).
    ~1
    Gfl.
    (9)

    6fJ.Jt!'t11'W sampathaan' N 1. concession, the exclusive

    right (to operate a mine, to cut timber, etc.). 2. the granting of such rights.

    See
    (

    ~1b'VIfil, q

    GfJ.Jt!S~~'Ylif samprasld'

    N tech. coefficient.

    ~ 1n

    el'W)

    saag' (?an')

    N pestle.

    61J.Jrr61, GiJ.Jrr6161" samphact' V 1. eleg. to feel, touch.

    611 n IJ
    ~ 1n~

    saag' V to be coarse, rough. saakon' N 1. universe. 2. (as n. mod.) univer-

    2. to rhyme. N 3. the senses. 4. rhyme.

    n1 s-Q..l Q..l

    contact.
    ....

    sal (commonly used to refer to Occidental custhe five senses. toms and ways).
    ll'U'U~

    o
    Q..l Q..l

    61J.Jr:i61'11~VI1 samphadlthauh~al

    61J.Jrr61 s 61 samphad'r6d' v
    t:T' ...........

    to taste.

    1n61 bhb'saakon' modern, European, Occi-

    61 J.J'I'I'W 6 , 61 J.J'I'I'W 6 - samphan', samphan'tha:::: N rela-

    dental.
    l '1'161
    ~~

    tionship, association, alliance. -Also Fl 'J 1 J.J- -


    .:::.1
    a..J
    Q..l

    1 n 61

    ( l ')II~~) phleeu'saakon 1 (phleeu')

    fT'

    ln~tJ'J61J.J'W'W6

    kliaw'samphan' N the bonds of

    N occidental music (popular and classical).


    J-J'JtJ~1n61

    a relationship .
    ilfi!SGfJ.Ji'W6 mfd'samphan' N friendly relations.

    muajlsaakon' N boxing of European or

    American style (as opp. to the Thai style).

    611!H1

    535

    ------~----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    61Jl1!l1'1111i1611!l~ saphaakaacMad's~akon' N
    International Red Cross.
    611 bn ( 61 n t:J G1)
    'U '
    I

    bb:W~~611'U (l'i"'d)
    611'UFI'd1tl

    maleeusaab' (tua') N cockroach.

    saabkhwaaj' N the odor of the water

    s~akee'

    (lOug', phon') N bread-fruit. N

    buffalo.
    LVl~'W 611'\.J m~nsaab' V to smell, to stink (as of

    611 'IJ 1 ( 611 'IJ 1 , bb Vl ~ ) s~akh~a' (s~akh~a', heu')

    branch; offshoot; subdivision; tributary.


    611 A s~akhuu' N 1. sago. 2. tapioca.
    'U

    someone who needs a bath).


    ( lil'W) 611'\.J
    I.!:J

    lil'W--

    "'

    in 611'\.J A'Wtl, - 61bl!


    'U 'U
    I

    saabsuun' V to disappear,

    the sago palm. [f. l'vfal.]


    611 ~
    <9J

    be lost; to become extinct. --Chiefly in the fol61 1'\.J m in 'YJ::; L~ 611'\.J ( bb'Vl~) thaleesaab' (heu')

    s~au

    N ghost, spirit.

    lowing compound.

    N lake. -+Also written -61 Tll. N ghost, spirit.


    611'\.J 1'W 61 1'\J
    <9J

    ~61 1 ~
    611 -i
    I.!:J

    ( lil'W) phli's~au' (ton')

    s~abaan'

    V to take an oath, swear.

    s~au' V to unravel, comb.


    s~au'

    -ct.

    61::; 611 -i

    saab' V 1. to curse, put a curse on. N 2. spell, curse.


    '

    61 1 -i m

    ..,
    '

    V to dawn, be dawn, be dawning . day to dawn, be dawning. 1. day to break. 2. at dawn,

    curse. Fl"1--

    'l'l1 61 1-i

    faa's~au'

    61 1'\Jbb'd -i saabcMu' V to curse. 61 1'\J 611:1-l


    I.!:J.
    <9)

    s ~ 61 1 ~
    q

    rOus~au'

    See

    61 1'\.J m.

    at daybreak.
    L'd 61161 1 -i weelaasaau' N dawn. 61 11il saad'

    saaml Nm com. three. --Comp.lilStJ,Iill.

    Jw;j 1 :W chans~am' third class (accomodations);


    the third story, third level.
    'U

    to toss out, throw, splash, douse (e.g.

    as when throwing water from a cup or bucket). -Sometimes coupled with


    ~ 'W 61

    s'\J611:WL'Vl~tl:W

    .!

    ( s'\J)
    'U

    rOubs~amllam' (roub') N

    b't1 "to pour."

    triangle.
    61 J ~ 61 1:W1'W s:S:>usaamwan' two or three days, a

    11il fonsaad' the rain to splash in.

    6111il41~ L'Yl41~ saadthfu'theethftJ' V elab. colloq.


    to throw out.
    6116tl1tl saa'thajaajl V eleg. torecite,explain,

    "'

    "'

    few days.
    611:1-l'lJ 1 ( J'W)

    611 :W' Yl:W saamthOm' co 11 o q. 9 P. M. q 611 :wi'W s~amphan' three thousand.

    s~amkh~a'

    (?an')

    N tripod.

    relate.
    61161 S!J.t
    s~a'thaarana?l,

    saalthaarana::: public,

    "' 611:1-l~e:J

    (Fl'W)

    s~aml:);,l (khan') N colloq. sam-

    common. -Chiefly in compounds. -Also


    61161S!J.t::; FS. 61'd'W61161S!J.t (bb'Vl-i) suan'-saa'thaarana?t (heu')

    lor, pedicab.
    61 1 :W i'W 1Tl saam'wfnaathiil three seconds. 61 1:1-l~'\.J s~amslb' Nm thirty. 611:1-l b 611 s~am's~w' 1. three pillars, supports.

    N public park.
    61 d :w 6115 1 S!J.t ( bb Vl ~ ) sOam'- saa'thaarana? I (heu')

    "'

    '

    2. having three members, tripartite.

    N public toilet, rest room.


    6115 1 srncJ'W saa'thaaranachon' N the public. 61161 S!J.t61 'IJ saa'thaaranasug' N public health. q

    ~'U 61 1 :W slbs~am' thirteen.


    611:1-l
    I.!:J

    in 611:1-lb!J.tS

    (S'\J,e:J-ifl)
    'U

    s~ammaneen'(roub',

    ?ou')

    N one who enters priesthood while under

    n 1 S - - affairs of public health.


    61 1'W saan' V to weave, plait (bamboo). n 1 s ~n 611'!.1 kaan'cagsaan' N making of wicker-

    the age of twenty. -Also b!J.tS.

    611~FIA saamagkhiil V to unify, unite.

    Fl'd1:W-- coop-

    eration; harmony, unison, unity, union.


    61

    work, making of woven or plaited articles, such as mats, screens, baskets, etc.

    1~b\! saaman' common, ordinary. -+Ant. i61 1~b\!.


    61Jl1611~b\! saphaa'saaman' N the House of Commons.
    61 1~b\!'if'W

    wickerworker.
    Vl:W 'd n 611 'W (l 'U , ~ !l ) muags~an' (bajl, lOug')
    'U

    ( Fl'W) saaman'chon' (khon')

    N common

    people, ordinary people.

    plaited hat, woven hat.


    611'\.J
    <9J

    611~b\!A!l~1 saaman'sygs~a' N 1. elementary


    education. 2. (formerly) general education.
    -opp. i61 1~b\!All~1.

    saab' N an unpleasant, rank smell (as of

    body odors).

    536
    L~t:J ~ ~ 1l7bll siausaaman/ N gram. the mid tone.
    ~

    bridle.

    1:W1 ~ bl

    saam~ad/

    V 1. to be able, capable. AA 2.
    A'l1:W-- ability.

    ~1t:J'IJ1

    (~1tJ,no1)

    saajbua/ N stemofavariety

    ableto,capableof. 2.
    ~

    -Also

    of lotus (saaj/ for individual stems; kam/ for bunches). o blEJ'W~1t:J'IJ'J th5::m/saajbua/ V idiom. to curtsy.
    ~

    1;j..J 1 ~ blll:::: ,

    NOTE. As an adv. -aux. fre-

    quently used in connection with postposed as in the following example. o


    I

    l;,

    1 tJ r.J'W sAajfOn/ N the line of fall of a raindrop, the vertical traces of falling raindrops, the pattern of parallel lines seen in a rainfall.

    L'111'11~ 1:W1 ~ bln ~::::'11'1lfil tMw/-thtisaam~ad/kratham/d~aV

    as much as one can do. N e 1 e g. husband.

    ~ 1 iJ

    ( A'W)
    -Syn.
    <>

    saamii/ {khon/)
    ~

    ~1ti'W1LLii1'U

    "

    (s11t:J) saajfaalteb/ (saaj/)

    N light-

    ~'l
    I

    com.
    'II

    ning streak. N
    s11 t:.1 l 'W; 1 ( ~ 1 t:.1)

    1:WJU HJ 1 (A) saamii/phanrajaa/ (kht1u/)

    saajfajfaa/ (saaj/)

    N 1. electric

    e 1 e g. married couple, husband and wife.


    ~

    wire. 2. power line.

    1t:.l

    @)

    saaj/ N 1. line (esp. in the fig. sense of a

    ~1t:.il~~1~ saaj/m~jw~au/!

    The line is busy.

    channel, route, as in "telephone line"). C 2. elf. for rivers, canals, roads; for ornamental chains, necklaces; for wires, cables, and for other line-like objects. instrument. -Dist. 1.
    LA~

    " ~1tln (s11t:J) saajruu/ (saaj/) N 1. writ. rain-

    bow. 2. com. streamers, long strips of colored paper or cloth used for decoration, for throwing at carnivals, etc. -+Also 1.
    ~ ~

    8 ~--

    stringed

    L~'W.

    com .

    s11 t:J ii1 :W saajlom/ N breeze, drift of air, air current. s1'Wi'U

    L~El~1t:J
    ants.

    chyasAaj/ N lineage, family, descend-

    (A'W,~1t:.l) sAajlab/ N 1. spy, secret infor-

    mer (khon/). 2. intelligence channel (saaj/).


    s11t:JLii1'fYiil (s11t:J)

    saaj/loohld/{saaj/)

    Nl. blood

    route, an important road.

    line, lineage. 2. artery {fig. sense only, e.g. referringtoariver). -Dist. o


    Li'W1ii1'fYiil,

    Hlll'l~1t:.l LV!'iJEJ r6dfaj/saajnya/ the northern


    railways, the northern line.
    S'U ~ 1 t:J nibsAaj/ V to answer the telephone.

    ;'l:W~1t:Jh'fYiil
    (~1t:.l)

    rt1amsaaj/loohld/ ofthesame

    blood, of the same parents.


    s11t:Js1:WEJ

    ~1t1n1~'\J'W (~1tl) saaj/kaanbin/ (saaj/)


    .,!

    N 1.

    sAajsam5;,/ (saaj/)
    ""

    N cable of

    air route. 2. air line (system or company).


    ~
    ~

    an anchor .
    ~1t:J~SEJt:J

    1 t:J fil ~

    ( ~ 1 t:J) saajdiu/ (saaj/) N sounding line.

    "

    (s11tl, LE1'W) saajs~V (saaj/,s@n/)

    1 t:J lil 1 sAajtaa/ N 1. sight, eye- sight. 2. line

    ornamental chain.

    of vision. o
    n'J1fil~1t:Jiil1

    ~1t:JL~t:.l~ sAajsiau/ N vocal cords. -Also


    kwaad/saajtaa/ V to sweep (with

    Li'WL~tl-1.
    ~1tJEJ1n1r1

    one's gaze). o

    (s11tl) saaj?aakaad/ (saaj/)

    N antenna,

    ll~1t:.llil1l~n'Wrl'W miisAajtaa/-m~jkin/kan
    idiom. (they) don't like each other's looks, don't get along.
    ~

    aerial. 1 t:.1 ll saaj/ N 1. the late morning. V 2. to be late (in the morning), be late morning; to be late (with

    1 t:J lil1 t:J 11 saajtaa/ jaaw/ v

    to be farsighted

    respect to some expected or appointed time in the morning); to be too late (with respect to ac-

    {both lit. and fig.).


    0

    ~1t:.llil1/'W saajtaa/s~n/

    v 1. to be nearsighted

    complishing some purpose). sV 4. late (in the morning). -+Dist. 3,4.


    'IJ1.

    (in vision). 2. to be short- sighted.

    "

    -Opp.

    L'1i1.

    "

    ~ 1 t:.l Lm ~'1'1; (~ 1 tJ)


    telephone line.

    saaj/thoorasab/ (saaj/)

    NOTE. In the expressions

    ~ 1 t:J Lfl'W l tJ, s11 t:J L~ tJ

    lbii1 'l listed below, no particular time of day is

    "' ~ 1t:.i'W'1 ( ~ 1tl) saajnaam/ (saaj/) N 1. stream.


    2. current.

    implied.
    'L<

    L'IJ1 s11t:J 'U1t:J


    k~d~aj'

    Lt:.I'W nlfil chaw/ saaj/ baaV jen1

    ~ 1 t:J'IJ ~ L~t:J'W ( ~ 1 t:J) siiaVbauhian/ (saaj/) N

    (it can be) any time during the day:

    537 "early morning, late morning, afternoon, evening." A8'\Hi 'HJ t::>::msaajl N 1. the late morning. 2. in the late morning. 6i 1 tJ
    1. cure-all drug. 2. panacea.

    6i 1 s Jl1'W

    saaraph~ab-'

    to admit, confess.

    ['U 6i 1 S Jl1'W rab-' saarapMab-' V to confess, plead

    guilty.
    6i 1 S -JA S saarawad-' N (police) inspector. 6i 1 s::; saara?" N substance, essence. -com p. 6i 1 s .

    l/1 'W1 tJ

    s<laj'k8c:mpaV it is too late.

    6i 1 tJ "1 s<lajs<lajl V 1. to be late morning. sV 2. in the late morning, late in the morning. 6i1tJ
    I

    1~il6i 1 S::; m~jmii-'saara?/


    material.

    1. to have no sense,

    6i 1[1

    L~ULL;'J s<lajlslaltew-' it is too late. saav v 1. to sway. 2. to move in a zigzag


    course.
    1

    be nonsense. 2. to have no substance, be im-

    1 ;Gi 1 S::; raj/s<lara?/ to make no sense, be nonsensical. 6i 1 s::; bb 'W saaranee-'

    6i 1E11'll6i 1EI:JJ1 saajpaj/saajmaa-' V to sway from side to side.


    I

    11 0 q. to be meddlesome,

    6i 1 [J 'Vr'W 1

    saajn~a/

    to shake the head from side

    get involved (in something which is none of one's business); to look for trouble. 6i 1 S 1iU.u n S saaraa-'niijab::>n-' N editor (usually of publications produced by students). -Cf. 'US H\l 1

    to side, indicating a negative reply.


    v v
    q.,

    6i1U'Ii in
    '\1

    'W'16i:JJ6i1U'Iim1ms0m-'s<lajchuu-' N vinegar.
    v
    '\1

    -Also

    'W'16iJJ.

    6i 1 Ubli.'Vr saajan-' N 1 it. evening. 6i 1 S"


    I

    -s yn.

    dJ'W c

    m.

    fin 1 s-.
    I

    Gil

    saan-', saara:::

    N 1. substance, essence. 2.

    6i 1 S 1'Wn SJJ ( Lfid.J)


    9

    saaraa-'m1krom-'

    (l~m-')

    N ency-

    official letter, message. -com p. 6i 1 ~::: . un'WGi 1 s kensi'1an-' N essence, essentials, substance. 'IJ 1 'J 6i 1 s
    I

    clopedia. 6i 1 '1::; d 'W saalawon-'

    to be busy. (l'l'J) n6gsi'1alikaa-' (tua-') N

    6i1~n1

    in 'Wn6i1~n1

    ( V'W, Ls- 8 'I)

    khaawsaan-' (chin-', rtau-')


    v

    the common myna. 6i 1 ~ saaliV, saaliV N wheat. -Chiefly in compounds. 'IJ 1 'J 6i 1 ~ kh~aw-'saalii/ N wheat .
    .., cJ

    N news. o 6i'11.Jn'IJ1'J6i1~eJLJJ~rl'W sammig-'-khaaws<lan-'::::: ?ameerikan-' the U.S. Information Service. 'IJ 1 'J 6i 1 S kh~awsaan-' N raw, husked rice. -Op p. 'IJ1'J6in. 9

    LL'll~6i1'1

    pteu-'saalii-' N wheat flour.

    6i 1 'J si'1aw-' N,C 1. young woman; adolescent girl.


    2. unmarried woman or girl. V 2. (a woman) to be young, adolescent. Fl'W-- young woman.
    -0 p p.
    I

    1d-JA~6i1S (QtJ'U) majtriVsaan-' (chabab-') N


    friendship note, message. 6i 1 s Fllil
    cJ

    'Vr'WJJ,
    9
    I

    used of men. N pullet.

    d L~

    eJ 'I , 'U'Yl) saarakhadii-' (rtau-', bOd-') N

    1n 6i 11
    I I

    ( R'd)
    'U

    kajs<law-' (tua-')

    (written) article, account (non- fiction). 6i 1 S LAil saan-'kheemii-' N chemicals. 6i 1 StJ S::: n eJ'U saan-'prak::,::>b-' N compound. 6i 1 sww saanni:iu-' N arsenic.

    Fl'U 1 1 6i 1 1 ( Fl)
    'U

    khOu-'baawsaaw-' (khD.u-') N . bride

    and groom. L'l16i 1 'd 'W eJ ~ 6i 1 'd


    ( Fl'W) ( Fl'W)
    c~ws<law-'

    (khon-')

    N bride. N younger

    ~ eJ 6i 1 S
    6i 1 S
    1-'J

    'U

    n:S::>usi'1aw-' (khon-')

    SyYsi'1an-' V to communicate.

    sister. 'W 1 ~ 6i 1 1 ( Fl'W) naausi'1aw-' (khon-') N 1. young

    in

    1vw 6i U
    v

    doojs<lan-' V to travel (by

    means of a conveyance), to take passage. 6i 1 s m in '111 ~ 6i 1 s cMausaan-' N elephant, esp.

    woman, miss. T 2. title placed before the first name of an unmarried woman, hence "Miss -- ." -+Abbrev. b1J'W6i 11 'W. 6i.

    a large, powerful one. 6i 1 StJij, 6i 1 ~'U 16\! saaraban-', saarabaan-' N table of contents. 6i 1 ~cWiil saarapMd-' N 1. everything, all things. 2. all, every, all kinds of, (of) all kinds. o U1U;6i1ScWA1sFl jaakte-'-saaraphad-'rOog-'

    pensi'1aw-' 1. to be young, adolescent (of

    a girl). 2. to be a virgin. b1J'W6i1'd LD'WU; pensaaw-'penste" colloq. to be

    (:.J'Vl~ '!Gi 1 'd


    'U

    ..,

    a young unmarried woman.


    ( Fl'W)

    phD.ujltJ-'saaw-' (khon-')

    N young

    538 woman. meaningful.


    F11 1:W--

    importance, significance.

    'W~11 (Fl'W) phtisaaw.l {khon.l) Nolder sister.


    'l n ~ 11
    'II

    l'\J~'1Abj) (l'U,Q'\J'U) baj.lsamkhan.l {baj.l,chaba.b.l)


    N certificate, document required to establish one's eligibility for something; identification papers. o

    ( Fl'W) lQugsaaw.l (khon.l)

    N daughter.

    -s y n.

    See cross reference.

    ~11Fl'WSn (Fl'W) saaw.lkhonrag.l(khon.l) N a


    man's sweetheart.

    l'U~'1Abl!~1~;11

    baj.lsamkhan'-taaud.1aw' N

    ~ 111 J

    (Fl'W)

    saawchaj.l {khon')

    N maid, maid-

    1. passport. 2. alien identification card.


    L~'Wiif1Abj) pen'samkhan'

    servant.

    1. to be the main thing.

    ~ 11 rh.1~n ( Fl'W) sll.aw'thymthyg.l (khon.t) N spinster.

    the significant thing. 2. as evidence; as a token.

    ~'1'Hin~'1Abj) samlag'samkhan' V colloq. to be


    important.
    6f1Abj) (

    ~11Gi'~F1:W (A'W) saaw'saukhoml (khon') N 1.


    a much-photographed beauty, a pin-up girl.

    .J 1)

    l!:l

    samkhan'{w.1a:::)

    V to assume, think,

    2. a well-known beauty of loose morals.

    understand, believe (that) (usually mistakenly).

    my~~11 jiusaaw/ N young girl, young woman.


    I I

    ~'1Abl!~ril samkhan 1 phld 1 v to misunderstand,


    mistake, make a mistaken assumption.
    &f1bbril ~

    'H'W:W~ 11

    ( A'W, Fl) num'saaw.l


    'II

    N 1. young people,

    teenagers (of both sexes) {khon.l). 2. young couple (khQu').


    I

    samdecn.t V 1 it. to show, reveal. [conv. f.


    ]

    u61 ri1 ~
    61'1'1.!1'\.l
    C9J

    'H'W:W"]6111"] numnumlsaawsaawl N colloq.

    (61'1'\.!1'\.l)

    samnuan 1 (samnuan')

    N idiom,

    young men and women, young people, teenagers. -Also


    'H'l1'W611 1 Fl'W-- ( F1'W) laansll.aw' (khon')

    wording, phrasing, turn of phrase, special phrase, style {of writing).

    N 1. grand-

    61'1'\.l 1'1.! l!:l 8'1.Wn

    samnuan' C law
    I

    case. N 1.

    daughter. 2. niece.
    ~ 11 n

    ( 61'1'\Jn, bb'H~)

    samnag 1 (samnag 1 , htn')

    ( F1'W) slJ.a.lw6g' (khon')

    N disciple, follower. N offi-

    lodging place; residence. 2. institution (as in "educational institution"). 3. office.


    S 1'1.161'1.Wn

    611 61'\.l, 611 ~'W

    ( Q'\J'U) saad', saan' (chaba.b')

    cial letter.
    ~ 1 61'\.l[;l

    raad'chasamnag' N royal court, housec..,_.,

    ..

    a::

    liH saan.ltraat.1tJ' N credentials.


    "

    hold.
    ~
    I

    ~ 1 61'1.! 1 ,
    I

    See

    r'l1 61'\.l 1

    61 1'\.ln''/J 1 d 611

    s v b:J..J~n'W

    samnag'-khaawsaanl?amee:::

    611'1U 1 ~

    ( [;!'\.!) saaraaj.l (t6n')

    N aquatic weed,

    rikan' U.S. Information Service.


    61'1'tJn n'W ( bb'H~)

    algae.
    81'!-Y8 saaba.d' V 1. to be serious, critical.

    samnaguaan' (htn')

    N office.

    2. seri-

    61'1tJn'W 11J n ;~ :J..I'W[;J ~ samnag 1 -naaj6g'radthamontrii'

    ously, critically; very, exceedingly, severely.

    N Office of the President of the Council of Ministers.


    61'11!n samnyg' V to be conscious of, aware of (esp.

    ~'\J1riibbt:l'l~1'1-Y8 mii'-ooadphle'saabad' V to be
    seriously wounded.
    I

    81b'Hiil

    N,C origin, cause.


    I

    (J~1~,'lJs::nu)

    saaheed' {jaau'. prakaan.l)

    one's shortcomings, guilt). -co mp .


    61'1 L'W 1 ( Q'\J'U)
    0

    .Wn.

    samnaw' (chabab.l)
    d ( LA:le:J~)

    N duplicate copy.

    6r1 in

    61'161 J'W samson.!* sV 1. promiscuous, undis-

    d ~ Lfl:lJ~e:Jrii81b'W1

    kh!Jan?ad'samnaw'

    criminating, indiscriminate (in one's associations, behavior). 2. mixed, jumbled, indiscriminately mingled. 3. promiscuously, undiscriminatingly, indiscriminately. promiscuous; promiscuity. cuousness; promiscuity. son; rabble.

    N duplicator, mimeograph.
    61'1 bi!rJ ~ samnian'

    N 1. the sound (of speech), pro2. lit.,eleg. sound (of the

    nunciation, accent.

    n 1 :l-- being

    voice), tone, voice. [conv. f. L~rJ ~]

    fl11 :J..I- - promis-

    8'1'lJ::'Hi~ in
    (hua')

    ir'W8'1'lJ::'Hi~
    N cassava.

    ( 'l-Y1)

    man'sampalau 1
    :J..I'W

    fi'W-- low class per-

    -+Also incorrectly

    8'1LJ::'Hs~.

    8'1F16ll

    (9)

    samkhan'

    to be important, significant,

    8'1J'W in

    b~ eJ 8'1J'W

    ( &1"1) ryasi1mp.1n' (lam')

    539

    ~ ~;
    complete one's studies.

    sampan. sf1bJl1 in b!eHf1bJl1 N Chinese junk. 6f1:W:::L'UFlS1 sammanoo'khrua 1


    'l1::: b tJ'U f:f1:W:::

    (!;(1)

    ryasamphaw' (lam')

    sf1LS'lLrl''ef samred'thOod' put to death.

    eleg. to execute, com.

    -s y n.

    See

    ~1

    N census.

    8'1 b 'l s'l.J samred'r1lubl ready-made, prepared, prefabricated. 8'1in samlag' V to choke (intr.), choke on, be suffocated . .., 8'1in'U'1 samlag'naam' to choke on water.

    iJ

    1'U Fl s 1

    thabian 1 sammanoo'khrua 1

    s '"

    N census, i.e. census report or record.


    f:f1~1'l samruad'*V to explore, survey.

    filS--

    exploration, survey.

    'Ufl-- explorer.

    n 1 Hf 1 :l 'J 'i 'VH'l b!l eJ ~ kaan'- sa mruad' phonlamyalJ I N census, i.e. the taking of a census. f:f1 S 'J :W samruam 1 V 1. to control oneself, keep

    8'1~ samliil N absorbent cotton, cotton wool.

    ;18'1~ (~'U.~'U,i'll)
    side.

    pMasamlii' (chin',ph)Tyn',

    phab'} N flannelet, cotton fabric napped on one

    oneself quiet, be proper (in one's bearing), be composed, behave sedately and with propriety. sV 2. quietly, sedately, decorously, with propriety, with composure. 6f1 ~ 'J lJ samruajl
    0

    61'1~S'U samrab' Pp 1. for. Cj 2. for (doing such


    and such}. 8'TV! S'U'l.J s::: b'flfl 'lHH 111'\J samrab'-prath~ed'kh:5::>1J::: ton' for one's own country. o l:wA8 1~S'UA:W m~jdii'samrabdyym' not good
    0

    1. to be pretty, beautiful, ele-

    gant, well-dressed (esp. of women). 2. to consider oneself too fine to work (used of both m. andw.). [conv.f. 81lJ] sf1n61 samJuan'
    E11~vn

    to drink, not good for drinking.

    8'1~in in

    8'1~in8'1Ab1) samlag'samkhan' V colloq.

    to laugh happily, be cheerful. -Syn. See

    to be important.

    samr:J::>g' V eleg. tovomit.

    sf 1 bwih.J n
    8'181~

    sa mn l agl

    to be conscious of' mindful

    el'J n com.

    of; to pay attention to, listen attentively to. sam?aalJ'


    d

    6f1 HH samr::>::>IJ' V 1. to keep in reserve. 2. to be in reserve.

    to be nice-looking, look nice.

    b Fl ~ 8 ~-- cosmetics. miil( ... )samr::>::>IJ' to have (such


    ~ stl, sl:::

    iJ ( ... ) f:f1~ 1~

    Pt particle indicating definiteness or -+Var. of

    and such} in reserve.

    emphasis.

    iJ.

    ~r1 S'U sam nib' C set (of things occuring in sets};


    deck (of cards); suit (of clothes); tray (of food}. bntJE1'1s'U keb 1 samnib'

    ~ ~ si:u' V (a ghost) to haunt, possess, stay.

    ~~ ~
    "-'

    ( l'I'U)

    phiilsiiJ' (ton') a spirit which posses-

    to clear (the table);

    ses (one), a spirit which haunts (a place). o 'lll'U~A~ Man'-phlilsiiJ' a haunted house.

    to put up the (food- )tray.


    cf1~ 1b1) samraan' V to feel happy, content.

    6f1 b 'i

    ~~
    9

    sllJ' C eleg. thing. -comp.


    9

    8lJ1~.

    samred 1

    *v

    1. to finish, complete, accom-

    plish. 2. to be successful. 3. to be finished, completed. sV 4. prepared, ready-made (e.g. prepared food}. 5. to completion. 6. successfully. Fl'Jl:W-success. [conv.f. L8S'i]

    'Ylfl~Hlfl1~1~ thugsl1J'thU.gjaalJ' everything. 'U 1 ~ ~ ~ baalJSIIJ' something; some of the things.


    -Also
    'll1-l8tJ1~.

    ~ ~ n s 8 ~ s IIJkr::>::>IJ I ~ HJ8 ~ ( 8~ 1 ~, ~ ~)
    things.

    N c he m. filtrate. sl1Jkh:5::>1J' (jaalJ' sllJ') N

    W618"1L~~ phbn'samred' N success, accomplishment.


    0

    b1Jw;.J 618'1 b ~ ~ penphon' samredl to be successful, accomplished.


    <:

    ~ ~l.Jv1't11 sllJ'miichiiwfd' N living things. ~ ~bb'JA;el:W sl1J'w~c:dl5::>m' N environment,


    roundings .

    sur-

    ..,

    w8"1L~'i~1'Ufl1~

    '"

    (Fl'W) ph1lusamred'r~adchakaan'

    (khon') N 1. regent, king' s regent. 2. viceroy (esp. in former times the viceroy of India).

    ~HILUS"' siiJkhapoo' ~ 1 h ( A1) si1Jtoo 1

    pN Singapore. [f.Mal.] (tua') N 1. a legendary Chinese

    beast resembling a lion. 2. statuary representing 1. 3. lion. -+Also

    LSlJ'U8'1b~1 rian'samred' V eleg. tograduate,

    8~vi'1t11. -ct. 81vi'.

    540

    ~ ~; slu/ N lion. ~ ~~ ~ siu/burii/


    q

    -Chiefly in cpds. --+Cf.

    ~;, ~ ~ Ll'l.

    ~'W'U'W slnbon' N bribe.


    o fi'W~'W'U'W kin/slnbon' V to accept bribes. o ~~~'W'U'W tld'slnbon/ V 1. to bribe. 2. to give

    pN Singburi, a township in C

    Thailand.

    -ct. ~ 'l ; .
    b~el'W-- idem.

    ~H'l1A:W siuMa/khom' N August.

    a reward for information (as the police to someone who aids in discovering a wrongdoer).

    -The names of all the months are listed under

    LMerw. -cr. ~-1;.

    ~'WbL;
    Ji

    slnrte' N ore.

    ~'flf, ~'flS ( eH; 1-1)

    sld', sldthf?l, sldthf:::: (jaau')

    'Vi'W~'W nti'sln' N debts, liabilities.

    N right(s), privilege(s).

    ~'W

    11

    in

    iil~~'W tadsln' V to decide, judge.

    . il~'flS miisld'
    ized.

    n n:W~'flf kammasld' N 1. ownership. 2. rights.


    to have the right to, to be author-

    ~'W

    stn' V 1. to end, come to an end, terminate . 2. to be used up, exhausted. sV 3. up, all up, completely, entirely. -+Dis t.
    'Vi:W~ '~'U
    l; "
    ~

    b Gi ~ ~ -com p.

    ad'flfi lfgkhasld' N copyright. ffni~'Ylf sagsld' v to be holy, sacred.


    Gi :W'U HI! 1qJ 1 ~'Yl fi ~ 1 V sombuuranaaljaal sldthfr~ad'
    'II

    m ~'W tM:ustn' all, all of {it); entire(ly), total(ly).

    -ct.

    l;

    'Yl-ltl 'H .

    N absolute monarchy.

    ~'Ylfi'W b A'!!} sldthf?lphfseed' N special privileges.


    ti'YlStl'Utl
    ~
    ""... l;

    sldthf?lj&bjliu' N veto power.

    a'W sin/ N com. wealth, goods.

    cpds. -Syn.

    'Yli'"fW,GiJ..J'\J~ eleg., b1'W com.


    N

    ..

    -+Chiefly in

    ~'WL~ stncajl V to die. -Syn. See 1'11tl com. ~'WV'W stnchtib' V eleg. to die. -Syn. 1'11tl. ~'WV11'1 stn'chiiwfd' V eleg. to die. ~'W bV'l stnch;:);:)tJ' 1 it., e 1 e g. completely, totally.
    LliW--

    idem. very, extremely. roy. to die. -Syn.

    AiHHJ:W~'W

    ( u~~) khlaul?oomsin' (hf:u 1 )

    (Thai) government savings bank.


    '11 i''l'w.. 1'W~'W~'WL 'WJ1

    ~'W~ stndii' colloq. much, ~'W'WS::;V'W; stn/phrachon' V


    See
    1'1 1 tJ c o m.

    sab'najdin'-sln'najnaam'

    e 1 a b. e 1 e g. the natural resources of earth and water: "treasure-in-the earth, wealth-inthe water."
    'l'li''YW..~'W sabsln' N com. property, holdings,

    ~'WLL~-l stnreeu/ ~'WGi ~ stn'satl ?I ~'WGi ~ stnsud' V


    "' q

    V to be exhausted. V to lose consciousness. to end, expire, terminate.

    ~'W'Vi'J~ stnwau/ V to despair, give up hope.

    assets, wealth.

    ~'W ! tJ 1 n
    -syn.
    b1J'W'Vi.ff com.

    stnjaag' V to lose one's desire {to do

    b1J'W'VI.ffb~'W~'W

    penntilpensln' V elab. colloq.

    something).

    tobeindebt.

    ~'W!15EJ1'11tlltJ1n
    N

    stnl-?aalajltaajjaag' V elab.

    ~h.!;1 (eJ~1~,v'W~)

    sinkhaa/(jaau',chanfd')

    co 11 o q. to lose all hope, be in despair, be utterly discouraged.


    b 8 ~ 'l

    products, produce, commodities, merchandise, goods, cargo, freight. o


    b~eJ~'W;1 ( '1'1) ryaslnkhaa' (lam/)

    ~'Wrl'W ltJn

    sect'stn'-kanpajthiil! "That's the

    N cargo

    end of that! " (expression of relief).

    boat, freighter. o

    'Vi:W~~'W
    roo:u'slnkhaa' (roo:u',

    mod'stn'

    to be exhausted, used up, spent.

    1n~'W;1 (LH,'VIi~)
    lau 1 ) N warehouse.

    ~'U slb' Nm, C com. ten.


    'W 1 tJ ~'U See entries below.

    -ct.

    'l1A eleg.

    o o

    'l:W~'W;1 lom'slnkhaa/ N trade wind. ~'W;1'1J1 b;1 sinkhaa/khiiakh~w' N import,


    i.e. import commodity.

    ~ 1'W 1 tJ ~'U

    caa/naajslb' N 1. sergeant major.

    T 2. Sergeant Major--. o 'W 1 tJ ~'U 1'1 ~ ( 'W 1 EJ, fl'W) naajslb/trii/ (naajl, khon')

    ~'W;1'1J1lln slnkhaa/kMa?~og'
    i.e. export commodity.

    N export,

    N 1. private first class. T 2. Private --. o 'W1!J~'UL't1 ('W1!J,A'W) naajslb'thoo' (naajl,khon') N 1. corporal. T 2. Corporal --.
    0

    ~'W;1 b;1 sinkhaa'kh~w' N import. o ~'W;1 aeJn sinkhaat?~og' N export. ~'W; 1 ~ s Inc~a:u' N remuneration.

    'W 1 EJ ~'U b vn

    ( 'W 1 !J, A'W) naajslbl?eeg' {naajl,

    khon')

    N 1. sergeant. T 2. Sergeant --.

    541

    t.J~'U jtislb' Nm twenty.

    ~ L'Yl1 slithaw' N 1. gray. V 2. to be gray.


    -Also 2. L'Yl1.

    "' t.Jt;~'ULeJfil

    d~

    jtislb?ed' Nm twentyone.

    R1:W~'U saamslb' Nm thirty.


    ~'Ui!rm~ 'J slbpii/thtilb:w' the preceding decade.
    ~'U 61 eJ ~ slbs:Sou' Nm twelve.
    ~'U611:W slbsaam/ Nm thirteen.
    d ..,

    " L ~'W slinamuan/ N 1. blue. V 2. to be blue. ~'W,1

    ~J1l'J 1~
    ~;1 ~~'J ~

    slinamtaan/ N 1. brown. V 2. to be

    brown. slifaa/ N 1. sky-blue. V 2. to be sky-blue,

    ~'U L51i1 slb?ect/ Nm eleven.

    light blue, pastel blue. siimOau' N 1. purple. V 2. to be purple.


    ~'J

    ~'J

    ( (

    L~fil) siw' (mect') N pimple, acne.

    ~'J

    L~:W,el'W)

    slw'

    (l~mt,?an')

    N chisel.
    fl'J1:W-- civili-

    -+Also 2.

    '1 in some contexts.

    ~n~.J siwilaj/
    ~
    (

    V to be civilized.

    ~;eJ:W;1
    'II

    siilj5ompMa' N dye (for fabric).

    zation. [f. Eng.]

    -ct.

    eJ1St.J-, eJ1St.J::;.

    ~L~eJfil'Vf~ siil~admuu' N 1. dark red, maroon.


    V 2. to be dark red, maroon-colored.

    ~) sii/ (s!i/) N 1. color. 2. dye.

    'Yl1 ~ thaasii/ V 1. to paint, cover with paint. 2. to be painted, covered with paint.

    ~Lf'ln slisoog' N 1. chartreuse. V 2. to be


    chartreuse-colored.

    1'Yl~ fajsli/ N colored lights. S:::'U1t.J~ rabaaj/sli' V to color, paint (a picture


    or drawing).

    ~ 61 fi1 s Iisod' bright colors.

    ~;~

    slis6m/ N 1. orange. V 2. to be orange.

    ~61'J1fil slisawaad' N 1. bluishgray. V 2. to


    be bluish gray.

    ~ "/J 1 'J s IikhAaw/ N 1. white. V 2. to be white.


    -Also 2. "/J 1 'J.

    o LL~'J~61'J1fil (J;]'J)

    meew'slisawaad/ (tua') a

    ~ L~t.J 'J slikhlaw/ N 1. green. V 2. to be green.


    -Also2. L~t.J'J,

    bluish gray cat native to Thailand.

    ~Gf'W sii/san' N color.


    ~LLRfil sliseed' N 1. red-orange. V 2. to be

    n~1n

    slikhajkaj/ N 1. eggshell color, cream

    color. V 2. to be cream-colored.

    red-orange.

    ~ fl S 1 :W s Iikhraam/ N 1. the color indigo. V 2.


    to be indigo-colored.

    ~'Vf~1 slin~a/ N facial expression. o ~'W~'Vf~1 tyyn'siin~a/ to force oneself to assume


    a certain facial expression . o :Wsi'Vf'W16i~fil miisiinda'salOd' to have a sad facial expression, to look sad.
    "'"' v

    ~fl~1
    o

    slikhlam/ N 1. a dark color. V 2. to be

    dark (in color). -Also 2. fl~,1.

    ...

    ~'J ~fl~1

    phiw'siikhlam' V to be swarthy,

    dark-complexioned.

    ~'Vf~'W

    slimon' N 1. dull color, gray. V 2. to be

    ~"'..:W'W slichomphuu' N 1. pink. V 2. to be pink.


    'II

    dull-colored, gray.

    ~fi1,1 slidam/ N 1. black. V 2. to be black.


    -+Also 2.
    fi1,1,

    ~ L'Vf~ eJ ~ siilyau' N 1. yellow. V 2. to be yellow.


    -Also 2. L'Vf~eJ~.

    ~fi1,1LLfil '1 slidamdeeu' N 1. red-tinged black, reddish black. V 2. to be reddish black. -Also
    2. li1"1LLfil '1

    !.[}

    sli/ V 1. to rub across, rub against. 2. to scrub; to brush (the teeth). 3. to mill (grain).

    Vfi1 ~

    khad' s I il V 1. to scrub, scour. 2. to polish.

    ~Llfil ~ slideeu' N 1. red. V 2. to be red. -Also


    2.
    o
    Llfil ~

    n 1 s - - friction; abrasion.

    Ls ~ ~ ( LS ~)
    slideeu'kh@m' deep red.

    roousli' (roou')

    N rice mill.

    ~LUiH L;:W

    ~"'..eJ slisoo' V to play a stringed instrument


    (with a bow).

    o ~LLfilHb'Vfil slideeu'chtd' bright red.

    ~l'Jn slitog' 1. the colors fade. V 2. to have


    colors that fade. o

    ~i'W slifan' v to brush the teeth.


    o mJ S '1 ~'!i'W ( el'W) preeusiifan/ (?an') N tooth-

    ~1~l'ln sli/m~jtog'

    1. the colors are fast.

    brush. o tJ 1 ~i'W jaas Iifan/ N tooth paste, dentifrice.

    V 2. to be colorfast. -Compare the following. o

    ~"'..:::'illi11~l'ln sli'-chanfd'm~jtog'

    fast colors.

    L~t.Jfil~ sladsii/ V 1. to rub (against). 2. to sneer,

    542

    be sarcastic. 3. to satirize.

    (as a male descendant).

    Gn

    in ,Y~~ badsii' V 1. to feel ashamed, be ashamed. 2. to be shameful, disgraceful.

    ~ 'U ~ El

    SyYb/t:,:J/ V to succeed, come after. SyYbn9au' V 1. to pass on, continue, be

    ~'U b~El ~

    ~ ~

    in

    ~;1 ~
    .,t

    (;1 'l)

    siikMau/ (kMau/)

    N side

    passed on. 2. to derive {from), be a consequence (of) . o

    (of the body). in

    ~i:J ~ siiph1lJ/ N resinous substance (as


    ~.,t

    :i.l~Hl~'U LUv 'l ( m"l 1n)


    (maaca.ag:;)

    miipMn/-syybn9au/:;

    used in lip balm).

    -Dis t. '!Ji:J

    ~.

    to be a consequence (of). syYbn9au 1 loumaa/ to continue,

    'o in

    ab~tJ~ slislad/ N cutch, catechu. III'W--

    ~'U LUEJ'l'l 'l~1

    acacia catechu and similar trees.

    be handed down (from generation to generation).

    sli' Nm com. four.


    I

    -+Cf.

    ~~~~ 'J 1.

    ~'U lt.i SyYb/paV 1. further, in continuation. 2.


    from a given time on, hence: thereafter, hereafter.

    ~ffn ( Lb'VI.!l) slikag/ (h'tu/) N crossroads. ~ b;{1 slitMaw/ com. four-legged, quadruped.
    -Syn.
    >l~'U1'YI

    lit.,eleg. N intersection

    ~'UcW'W -o"'

    s'YYbphan/ V to reproduce (produce offpropagation, reproduction. 2.

    ~bbtln

    bb~~)

    slijteg/ (h'tu/)

    ' spring). n 1 ~--

    where four streets meet (or, in the Thai idiom, where they part).

    ~'U~1 SyYb/maa' 1. further, in continuation.

    from then on (toward the focal time), since then.


    BEl in 'VI'IT'lBEl (

    ~8'U

    slislb/ Nm forty.

    b~~)

    nausYJ'/*.(lem')

    N book.

    ~ b'VI~tJ~ slillam/ quadrilateral. o ~IJ~ b'VI~tJ~ ( ~IJ) r1lubslillam/


    qJ qJ

    ~ EJ
    (rOub/) N

    s'YY' V 1. to take or bring messages (between parties, factions); to transmit. N 2. message carrier; go-between (usually one who acts as a

    quadrilateral. o

    ~b'VI~tJ~fl1'l'VI~ (~i.J)
    qJ qJ

    slillam'khaaumuu/

    matchmaker); medium of communication or transmission. 3. phys.,elect. conductor.


    bc\J'W~ El pensyy/ to be or act as a conductor, mes-

    (r1lub/)
    .;1
    d

    N trapezoid .
    "'

    o 61b'VIGW~~1'W'IJ'WTW Oi.J) slillam/d~ankhan~an/ qJ (r1lub/)


    I

    N parallelogram. sV elab. colloq.

    sage carrier, go-between (in arranging a match, marriage).

    .;1

    61~616i~'VI1 sumsli'sumh~a'
    9 9

    at random, haphazardly, by guesswork.

    ;~El~1'd

    (fi'W) ph1lus'YYkhaaw' (khon')

    N news-

    8'~EJ

    in

    tl1'l8'~EJ

    b~e:Jn,A'l)

    cMau/siid:J:J 1 (ch9ag/,

    "

    paper reporter.
    (A'W) ph:bsyy/ (khon/)

    tua/)

    N a tuskless bull elephant. meaning "lion." -+Cf. ili'l;. (tua/) N lion, king

    ~El~El U~ ~ eJ

    N male go-between

    ~'VI- ' -~;. Bound form


    "' .- ~ ~ 1'118'V! (Ill 'd)
    lion (as in fables).

    (usually one who acts as a matchmaker).


    ( fi'W) mtes)ry/ (khon/)

    r~adchasii/

    N female go- between

    (usually one who acts as a matchmaker).

    8n

    syg' V to wear down, be worn down.

    ~ eJ 81 ~ SyYS~an/
    Gin
    <Q)

    V to communicate. 2. to be cooked, done -Cf.


    'l El~.

    8n'VI~ eJ sygr5:J/ V to wear out, be worn down,


    worn out.
    fl 'd 1 ~--

    wear, depreciation.

    '

    sug/ v 1. to be ripe. (of food). -Ant.


    "'

    ~'U.

    8n 8n
    ~'U

    IB
    Gn

    syg/ V sac e r. to retire from priesthood. in ; n ruusyg/ V to feel. qJ SyYb/ V to search for the facts, seek clues.

    'IJ 1 1 8 n
    9

    kh~awsug/

    N cooked rice, boiled rice.

    -Opp; '1.!1181~.
    ~'U'lSn'l dllxllb/sugsug/ not well-cooked, half-

    tJn-- detective.
    ~'U bl1~ syYbth~am/ V to inquire into, make
    inquiries.

    -Also 8 n '1 ~'U '1 ' "' tJ'18n mimsug/ N boiled water. -Also 'W'1111~. cooked.
    9

    '

    -+Opp. tJ'1~'\J
    ' 8 n n'1 sug/kam'
    9

    "'

    ~'U'\'W 1'W SyYb/phajaan/ V to examine a witness. ~'Uiii 'd'W s)rybsuan/ V to investigate.

    1. (gold) to be brilliant. 2. (fruit)

    to be fully ripe.

    ~'U

    IB

    SyYb/ V to pass on, continue, be passed on. V to continue the line

    8 n 18 sugs~v v to be bright, shining, glittering.


    o l'l.!sn18 kh~j/sugsaV N eleg. chicken pox.
    ' v

    ~'U b~EJ8 1 tJ s)ryb'chyas~aV

    '

    543
    "' "''1 eJ61fHl b61
    ~ ~

    -syn.
    61 n Iii in
    ~

    colloq.

    61A1~u sUd'wisAjl V to be impossible to do, be

    1:.1161 n

    pMasug' V to be happy.

    '

    beyond human power.


    ' q

    n 1 ~-- impossibility.

    61n~ (!il'J) suk:::lonl(tua') N eleg. hog, pig. -Syn.

    '

    b'Vlli161A1~t:J heed'-sud'wisajl N unavoidable


    circumatances, circumstances beyond one's

    'Vl:W com.
    'U

    61 '/J sugl, sug:::, sugkha:::

    '

    to be happy, at ease,

    control.

    content.

    A'J 1 :W--

    happiness, contentment. N happiness,

    A'J1:W61'1.161'\J1t:J khwaamsug'sabaajl

    well- being.
    A'J 1 :w 61 '1.161161 ~ khwaamsug' sa wad' diil

    ' '

    ' 8A'Vlfi'l1'l'l1b'/Jt:J'J '


    "' v "'

    8 !j1 il.J suds in'

    to end, expire, terminate.

    sUdl1ia'faakhlaw' elab. colloq.

    very far away, beyond the horizon.

    N well-

    8 !j1 b'Vl ~ rJ 'l sudwlalJ' c 011 0 q. to the utmost degree;

    .. 'tln'l.l61'1.1
    ~ ~

    being. thug'sug' N sorrow and happiness, the

    '
    ~

    with all one's might.

    8 A b ~eJ :W sud??am' V to be out of reach . 8 '18 A suulJsud' 1. to be highest, tallest. 2. to be


    'U '

    ups and downs of life.


    b1lw61'1.1 pensug' V to be happy, content.
    ~" o el!:JI b Ul.J b1Jl.J61 '1.1 juujen'penslig' N e lab. co 11 o q.
    'U '

    at (its) highest; to be supreme. 8 't15

    to live in happiness, in peace and contentment.


    I.,

    '

    See
    '

    entries below.

    no1l S 8116 kamrajlsudthf?' N net profit. l'U8115 ( l'U)

    l:w:w61'1.1 m/ijmiisug' V to be unhappy.


    9

    61

    ~'U61'1.1
    9

    salJbb'sug' V to be peaceful, tranquil.

    showing level of attainment in school (given when a person leaves school before graduation).
    8l.J 11 s 'V'l "ll.J sunthoon'ph6d' N e 1 e g. speech. 8!T'I.I

    '

    bajsUdthf?l (bajl)

    N certificate

    611 o1 :1rn61 '1.1 s:la'thaaranasug' N public health. 61 '1.1 n 1 rJ


    ~

    ' sugkaajl v

    1. to be healthy, in good
    A 'J 1:W--

    health. 2. to be physically well off. physical well- being.


    61'1.11 "l sugcajl
    ~

    ' '

    (!il'd) sunag' (tua')

    N eleg. dog. -+Syn. 'll:W1

    com.

    to be happy.

    8!T'I.I~'l"J8n

    ' 61'1.1111t:J1 sug'khawidthajaa' N hygiene. ' 61'1JA1611 (bb'Vl~) sug'saalaa' (helJ') N medical ' station.
    I

    61'1.1Jll'V1 sugkhaph.iab' N health.

    '

    fox.

    OJ.J) sunaglci1JC~og 1 (tua 1 ) "' -+Also 'll:W1~'l"lEJn com.


    ( !il'd) sunag'paa' (tua') 'll:W1'll1 com.
    '

    N eleg.

    8!T'I.I~1

    '

    N eleg. wolf.

    -+Also

    8'V'l s srn'U

    61 'IJ :w sukhum'

    ''
    9

    1. to be gentle, delicate, careful.

    '
    '

    inC Thailand.
    suph~ab'

    '

    s suphan'burii'

    pN Suphanburi, a township

    2. to be profound, thoughtful. sukhoo'thajl pN Sukhothai, a township in

    8 Jl1'V'l

    V to be polite, genteel. N person(s)

    61L 'IJ TirJ

    8Jl1'\'lV9J

    ( Al.J) suph.iab'chon' (khon')

    C Thailand. -First capital of Thailand.


    61 'l ~ [il sudcarld'
    9 9

    '
    '

    of good breeding, decent people.

    to be upright, honest.

    61Jl1'V'l'US~

    61 lil sud' N 1. the end. V 2. to end, terminate.

    '' gentleman.
    lady.

    ( Al.J) suph.iab'burud' (khon') N eleg.

    sV 3. at the extreme; utmost. ' lif161 lil tam' sud' to be minimum, the minimum, the lowest.

    8Jl1'V'l81il S q

    ( Al.J)

    suph.iab'sihriil (khon1 ) N e leg.

    '

    8Jl1'V'l8v'WLU'W

    ~ 61 r~

    '

    thtisud' most,-est.
    J
    d

    -+See cross reference


    n'd1b'YHJ'W,
    d

    '
    '

    suph~abl?oonjoon' V to be gentle
    N proverb. F(1--

    and polite.
    ('U'tl)

    under 11 m.
    "'
    9

    -Comp.

    61Jl1~lil

    suphaa'sld' (bOd') -+Comp.

    :i8l.JI18lil r5on'thiisud' hottest.

    ('UI1) idem.

    Jl1~1il.

    61AI18 1 sudth501J I

    ' 61lill11r! sudtMajl last, final. ' "' 0 1:.16'l61A111U ph()n'sudtMajl ' at last, finally. '
    innumerable, countless.

    last- born, youngest.

    8 :w sum'

    '

    1. to pile up. 2. to be piled up, be in

    stacks.
    J.,

    1. final result.

    2.

    :w 'd 61 :w mtlasum' V (people) to assemble, congre-

    gate, gather together.


    61 :w l '\'l sumfajl

    '

    61 !j)~f'l::: ArntJ1iT'U sud'thiil-cakhananaa'nabl lit.

    '

    1. to feed the fire. 2. to pile up

    wood or straw for a bonfire.

    544
    ~:J.J q
    I

    'II

    19)

    (l 'U) sum' (bajl) N 1. fish trap of bamboo


    strips. 2. a large framework of bamboo, covered with blankets and used as a sweathouse for mothers after childbirth. 3. short for o

    for." See
    V
    I

    lLJ:J-J1Vi1~,~~HJ,~ti1tJ ~;below. ~ ~ ~ '~~

    L'tJ 1 :l-J 1 ~ ~ !Jll 'i kh~wmaasuu' cldcajl to come to


    'II

    (one's) mind.
    I

    ~ :J.j l n.
    q

    'i 1 n ~ 'd'W~ 171 ~ 11il d.agsuan'- suu'talaad' from


    'II

    ~:J.Jln sumkajl N dome-shaped chicken coop of q

    plantation to market. o

    bamboo strips, used as a protection for chicks.


    I I

    ~:J.J l!l
    q

    as in

    ~:J.J61~:J.J'Vi1
    q q

    eJ

    'Wo1L~'WL;1~~~ViililLVtl~S1tJ nam:nm'-kh~wsuu''11
    canwad'chianraajl (will) bring money into the township of Chiangrai.

    'l,.r

    sumsli'sumM.a' sV elab.

    colloq. at random, haphazardly, by guesswork.


    ;:J.J in ;:J.J L~tH q q

    sOmslan' N sound, voice, tone.

    'Wo1'W~ 1LJ~'iit!V'W:::: 'II

    namphon'-pajsuu'chajchana?l

    to lead the troops to victory. the Island of Sumatra.


    ~ S1

    l1J:J-J1Vi1~ 'II
    ~n'W

    pajmaa'haasuu' V to visit, pay visits.

    'v

    suraa I

    N e 1 e g. alcoholic beverage, intoxicav

    '11

    suu'kan together, sharing (something) muI I


    Q...'

    ting beverage. -Syn.


    FleJ~S1

    L'Vi~1

    com. N eleg. a o

    tually.
    IV

    (FI'W) khoo'suraa' (khon')

    L~ 1 ~ n'W 'W ~ l~wsuu' kanfan' to tell each other, relate to one another.

    person used to drinking, a heavy drinker.


    'Wn~ll..J~S1
    v

    .,j

    (FI'W) migd"YYm'suraa' (khon')


    v

    o
    I

    LD1:l-J1~rl'Wn'W

    ?awmaasuu'kankin' to bring

    eleg. a heavy drinker. -Also


    un L~~ L'Vi~1 colloq.
    v

    'Wnlil:J.J. -Syn.
    'II

    (food) and eat (it) together.


    ~'Vel

    suu'kh3ol v

    to ask for a girl's hand in


    VI

    LS FJ'W"el-~ S 1
    q

    r6og'phfdsuraal N alcoholism.
    I

    marriage (usually through an intermediary).


    ~ti1tl
    'II

    L~'W~S1
    q

    seelYsuraal V eleg. todrink(liquor,

    usually in

    FI'Uti~'lf1tl

    '11'11

    kh6bchUu'-suu'chaajl

    alcohol).

    V (a woman) to have a lover or lovers, have men.


    1"-'

    ~ S 1"el-i) S sur~adl pN Surat, short for ~ S 1"el-i) S 6111.


    q

    ~ S 1"el-i) S fi 111 surdad'thaanii' pN Suratthani, a q


    township inS Thailand.

    "'

    'II 'II

    suun1u'

    1. to think one knows it all, knows

    better. 2. to know more than is good for one. NOTE. This expression is often used chidingly.
    ~
    'IJ

    ~ S'W'fl S surin' pN Surin, a township in NE Thailand. q ~;~tl- .~stJ:; surija=:, surija?l N lit., eleg. 1.
    q
    I

    "'

    sOu' V to vie with, oppose (in fighting), fight.


    V

    the sun. 2. solar.


    s :;'IJ'U~ StJ:; rabbb'surija?l N the solar system.

    171 eJ ~ toosOu' V co m. 1. to resist, stand up


    'II

    ~StJ~nS11fl surija?ldigkrawaan' N the solar q


    system.
    ~ Sm.h 1 F11 surijuparaa'khaa' N solar eclipse. q q
    I I

    against, combat, oppose. 2. to fight, battle . -Syn. 171EJns


    I I

    lit. N opponent.

    o Fl171 EJ ~
    'II

    ~'W~EJ;D1n1Atl1'W 'II
    19)

    'II

    ( FI'W) khQu'toosOu' (khon')

    pyyn'-toosOu'?aakaad'sajaan' -Abbrev. 1J. 171. EJ.

    q q

    S tJ ~ S1 tJ surOjl sur~ajl V to be a spendthrift, to q

    N anti-aircraft gun.

    be v.rasteful.
    I

    1~; 'II

    m~jsOu'

    1. to give up, withdraw (as from

    ~~1'W q
    I

    (Ll'VIn su?saan' (hen')


    I

    N eleg. cemetery.

    competition). 2. won't fight, won't compete.


    FI'W-- weakling, coward.

    -s y n.
    I

    1J 1 t11

    com. N mosque.

    ~ q

    L'lU 1 ( Lb'Vi~) suraw' (hen')

    1~; 'II
    o

    ~ LeJ~
    ~
    19)

    su?eed1 pN Suez. [f. Eng.] suu' V to be ashamed. -+Chiefly in compounds.


    'II

    'IJ

    m~jsOu'(ca=:) AA not very, not much, not so. -Syn. 1~~Dtl colloq. 1~i ... un m~js0u' ... ml.g' not so very, not 'II
    ll, -- 'i::::

    ellil~
    ~
    'II

    ?Qdsuu' V e 1 eg. to feel ashamed.


    'II

    exceptionally. 61 Fl 1 1 :l-J sOukhwaam' V to fight a lawsuit, legal case.

    ll

    suu' p 1 it. you (superior or older person sp. to inferior or younger person).

    'II

    suul sV directed toward; to, toward, into. NOTE.


    This word functions as a primary verb in certain combinations, in the sense of "to seek, go

    ;( ... )l~l; 'II

    sOu'( ...

    )m~jd~aj'

    can't beat, can't

    -------------------------~'11~------------------------------------------

    match, can't compete (with), can't compare (with) . ..., 61 U'U !Jl1 s0u 1 - j ib 1 taa 1 V idiom. to fight, resist

    545 until death.


    61 ~'U stlur6b' V to fight, battle.
    'U 'U

    tobacco pipe.
    61 f161'U
    'U

    ( el'W)

    lOugsuub' (?an')

    N piston.

    61 ~ si:iuu' V to be high, tall.


    'U

    A1 1 :W-rl 1, b rltJ.
    0

    altitude,

    61'U f161 eJ ~
    'U

    suubk13u'

    to smoke a pipe; to puff,

    height, tallness.
    f1
    I

    -+Ant.

    draw on a pipe.
    v

    s::; Llil f7161 ~ kradood' si:iuu' N high jump.


    'U 'U

    61u'W'1
    'U

    ( el'W)

    suubnaam/ (?an')
    d

    1. to pump water.

    r1'161 ~ tam'si:iuu' "high and low." See example.

    N 2. water pump.
    61'U'U'VIS
    'U 9 'U

    bAS eJ ~ -- water pump.

    o
    I

    d ~ 1o A'J1:Wb'VIGHJ:W~1r1161~
    'U

    khwaam'-lyamlam'tam:::

    ...

    suub'burlil V to smoke a cigar, cigarette.

    si:iuu' N disparity, inequality.


    I

    61'\Jt.i 1 suubjaa/
    b Gi
    'U

    to smoke (tobacco, opium).

    '\J 161 ~
    'U

    ( u'VI~ ) p?.asuuu' {hE:u 1 ) N tall forest, esp.

    see'

    to be evasive, to equivocate.

    of tall trees as found in the highlands.

    'V'Ifil b 61 phtlud'see' V to speak or answer evasively.

    lJ61 ~ fajsi:iuu' V to aim high, aspire (e.g. to 'U


    social eminence), be ambitious.
    +

    l 61 n seegl

    to pronoun e a magical or religious

    formula (as when terning smthg. into smthg.


    else, or when consecrating smthg.).
    d l61~lJ:W d 61~'Ub61~t.J:W

    61 ~ r1::; b'VIfl'W b'\J'W si:iuu'taleenpeen' to be extremely


    'U

    tall.
    v

    as in

    sauob'saulam 1

    to be

    61 ~ 61'1 si:iuu'lam' to be very high, exceedingly high. 61 ~ ~'U ~ 'J si:iuu'libl tw' to be extremely high.
    'U 'U '

    quiet, modest, polite, well- behaved.


    b 61

    ~"I saded' V roy. to go. -Often combined with


    other words of motion, both royal and common.
    b 61 fil 'l "lJ 'W A ~ eJ ~
    t::
    I

    61 ~ 61 fil si:iuusud'
    'U
    9

    1. to be highest, tallest. 2. to

    be at (its) highest; to be supreme. o fl'U6\l'lf 1 f11 ~ 61 ~ 61 fil thtibanchaa'kaan' -si:iuusud'


    'U
    9

    s 1 'lf 61 :W'U r1

    ~~

    saded'- kh~nkhr:J;:,D 'r.1ad:::

    chasombild' V roy. to begin one's reign.


    q_.

    N high command.

    b61fil9l"lJ161'\Jsil'V'l'V'I1'W sadect'-kh.1wsuu'parinib:::
    'U

    61 ~ eJ 1(.1 suuu/?aaju?/
    'U v 'U 'U
    9

    1 it. to be old, aged. N


    b 61

    phaanl V roy. (Buddha) to die without rebirth.

    f-161~eJ1lJ
    9

    (A'W)

    phOusuuu'?aaju?l (khon1 )

    ~ 9 'V'I S::; S 1 'lflil'1l tJ'W sadect' -phrar.1ad'chadam:::


    n<'l;:m' V roy. to go, proceed, travel.

    1 it. an elderly person.

    ~ 'l 61 ~ huasi:iuu I
    '11

    V idiom. to be proud or preten-

    l61~9:W1 sacted'maa' V roy. to come.


    l61~961:WJl'V'I saded'somph6b' V roy. to be born.
    l61A'161'JSSArl

    tious beyond one's financial or social status.

    5n~s 61 ~
    'IJ

    ( vl'l) ?ags5:::msuuu' (tua')


    I

    N a HIGH

    saded'sawankh6d' V roy. to die.

    consonant.

    -See

    5n~~A, p. 613. 'U


    N

    l61Gt.JSJl1'V'I sathian'raph.1abl N eleg. stability. l61'W in


    v

    61 ~LJrl s 'U

    ( ll~'W, b~:w)

    si:iucibad' {phE:n', lem')

    fi ~

    l61'W

    ( vl1) liuseen' (tua')

    N rufous

    program (list of performers, pieces to be perfarmed, etc.).


    ~6\l. See
    ~6\J6lJ1f1 1A.

    monkey, stump-tailed monkey.


    l61'lJ ( l61'W)

    sen'*(sen')

    N 1. line, strand. C 2.

    ~'WlJ

    elf. for strands of hair, thread; for string, wire,


    fi'WtJ1f11fi.
    'U

    See

    bracelets, automobile tires, etc. -Dis t. 1. 611 t1.

    61 fil suud'
    'U 'U

    to inhale, breathe in, suck in. N formula.

    ~ lill ;'W

    1; khlid' sent.1ajl

    to underline, underscore.

    61 rl ~ 61 r1
    'U

    ( 61 rl S ) suudl (suud')
    'U

    A~ l61'WA ~ 'd 1

    khousen'khouwaa' V idiom. to be

    sAm suudkhuun' N multiplication table. 'U


    'U 'U

    consistent. N

    b61'WA'WlJ61rl~

    (l61'W)

    sen'suuns~md'{sen')

    ~l61'W ctilsen' V slang

    to make someone

    equator.
    61'U
    'U

    laugh; to provoke laughter.

    ( eJ'W)

    suub' (?an')

    1. to draw on. 2. to pump.


    d

    ff(1~)

    Qf1l;'W cti'-{Mj)thliug'sen 1 fig., colloq.


    'U

    N 3. pump. 4. cylinder (as in an automobile engine). C 5. cylinder.


    f1
    ~

    to hit the right spot, touch the right chord {for successfully evoking a desired response).
    'U

    lAS eJ

    ~--

    pump. {kraM:Jg')

    :::'U eJ n 61'U
    'U

    ( f1

    s :::'U 8 n)

    krab~:Jglsuub'

    Qf1l61'Wrl'W thuugsen'kan' to get along well (with

    N cylinder (of an engine).


    (.1

    one another) because of compatibility in behavior, character and personality.


    v

    161 'U jaasuub' N smoking tobacco.


    'U v 'U

    o f1~eJHJ161'U

    (el'W)

    kl3u'jaasuub' (?an')

    lJ 1l61'W jaasen' N prepared tobacco, pipe tobacco.

    546
    'J'W L~'W wuns@n' N bean thread, bean vermicelli. q
    I

    "'

    ..,

    L~'W'ti'W 1'W ( L~'W, A) s@n'khan1lan' N 1. a parallel


    'U
    I

    offer, proposition.
    i:J 1 [I l ~'W El faajsan~;:}'

    line (s@n' for individual lines; khQul for pairs). 2. geog. a parallel of latitude.
    l ~'W li11 LJ
    ,._ I

    N affirmative side (in a

    debate).

    ( L~'W)
    ,._

    "

    s@nd~ajl

    (s@n') N cotton string,

    'W 'l1 HlJ. 1L ~'W El phfcaaranaa'san~;:)l V to consider


    proposing, consider recommending.
    I

    cotton thread.
    L~'WA~
    L~'W'tl1~

    ( L~'W) s@ndl:n' (s@n')


    (~1LJ)

    N vertical line. N line, way,

    Ui'WEI'ti1'J san~;:}'khaaw' to present the news . Ui'WEI'ti'W


    .
    san~;:}'kh)}n'

    s@nthaa:n' (saajl)

    to propose, bring up. seenaa'thikaan' (naajl,khon')

    course, direction.
    L~'WLJ s ~

    L~'W1sn1s

    ('W1LJ,A'W)

    ( L~'W)

    s@npr.?J.?I (s@nl)

    N broken line,

    N m i 1 it. chief of staff.


    L~'W 1sn 1 S 't1Vi1 HJ ~:J.J seenaa'thfkaan'-thahAanl:::::

    dotted line.
    lGl'W'lJ :l ~ i;i 1'11 ( l R'W) s@n'prasaad' (s@n')

    N a

    phasom' N Joint Chiefs of Staff. l i;i 'W 1'\J ~ ( 'W 11:J , A'W) seenaalb;,dii' (naajl, khon') N

    nerve. o 1 :l A Li'WLJ s ~ i;i 1'11 r6og'senprasaad' N 1. a nervous disorder; neurosis. 2. nervous breakdown.
    ,._ I

    o b s. minister (of the government). Used before the revolution of 1932 (B. E. 2475). L~'W 1 ~ san:,?t V e 1 e g. to be melodious, pleasant (tohear). l ~'\Ju ~
    ~syn. L'l'1n~.

    o'

    L~'Wr.J1A'WI:ln~1~
    'U

    ( L~'W) senphaa 1 suunklaau'

    (sen')
    l ;'Wli:J l ~'W s ~ !il'U

    N diameter.

    ( L;'W) senjaj' (sen') N fiber, filament.

    sabia!J' N food supplies, provisions. ~Also

    ( l ~'W)

    sen'radab' (sen') N horizontal

    ~~l'iJtJ~.
    s bllGl'iJI:J ~ ( A'W)

    line.
    L~'W n

    r6d'sabiau' (khan')

    N diner,

    L~'WhVflil

    "' '

    ( LGl'W)

    senru:n' (sen') N g eo g. latitude. N blood-

    dining-car. l i;i'\Ju ~n S~
    l~'\'1, l~'l'1tJ

    ( L~'W) sen'loohld' (sen')

    sabiatJ'kra:n' N dried food supply.


    ~syn.

    vessel.

    ~Dis t.

    ~ 11:J h'iiilil,

    seeb' V eleg. to consume.

    See

    o Li'W1'1Vflilli11 sen'-loohld'dam' N vein. o

    n'W com.

    li'WhVflillllil~
    (
    'U

    sen'-loohld'dee:n' N artery. senwee:n' (sen') N longitude. N

    tJ1lGl'l'1~1i1
    l~'l'16iS1
    '

    jaa'seebtld' N habit-forming drug,

    l~'Wlb'J~

    l~'W)

    narcotic. seeb'suraa' V eleg. to drink liquor,

    "' L~'WA'WtJRiilS
    'U

    ( LR'W) sen'suunsuud' (sen')

    equator.
    l i'W l ~tJ sen' sla' V co 11 o q. to be nervous, upset.

    alcohol.
    l61L 'W~

    seephlee' sV dissolute, licentious, unrea

    l;'Wl~tJ~
    l

    sensla:n' N vocalcords.

    ->-Also R1LJ

    strained by custom, law, or morality. A'W- bum, dissolute person.


    LGl:J.JVi~

    ~ [J 'l

    l i'W1 VI:J.J ( Li'W) senmAjl (sen') N silk thread.

    , ...

    seemha?l N eleg. 1. phlegm. 2. sputum. com.

    L~'WVI sanee' N charm, glamour, attraction.

    -s y n. 1. L61 'llil
    LGi:J.JEJ

    lV'Wl~~; pensanee 1
    ,

    ~ L~'WVI miisanee' V to have charm; to be charm-

    ..

    V to be charming, attractive.

    sam~;:}'
    See
    l '111.

    V 1. to be even, level, equal. sV

    2. always, all the time, constantly. -Syn. 1.

    ing, attractive.
    l ~'WEI
    san~;:}'

    V 1. to submit, present a proposal;

    1 'l
    I

    l ~ :W eJ cajlsam~81 V to be impartial. samam'sami!i8' V to be constant,

    to propose, propound. 2. co 11 o q. to tattle, tell on someone.


    ~--

    ~:Wo1lGl:WEI

    affirmative speaker;

    uniform, regular.
    LGi:WEJrl'W (1) sami!i;:}'kan; (2) sam~8'kanl 1. to be

    one who makes a motion or proposal.


    'IJ eJ'lJ S ~ 't11'W l6i'WEJ kh~'bprathaan'san~8' e 1 e g. de f.

    mutually equal, equivalent, even. 2. It's a draw.


    L61 :W El A'W L~ :W EJ'lJ ~ 1 tJ sam~8'tOn'- sam~8'plaajl V

    (I) respectfully submit (this matter for your consideration). -Used especially in official correspondence.

    "'

    idiom. 1. to be consistent. sV 2. consistently. l ~ :W El iil'J sam~81tua' V to break even.

    547
    L61 l-J eJJ11 Fl sam~d'ph~ag' V to be equal (in legal 'W n F1 L 61 ~l-JtJ ~ F1 ~ G11 pMg'- seeriilmanau'khasilaat

    status).

    Fl11l-J-- equality.

    nN Serimanangkhasila Party, a political party formerly headed by Phibun {Phibul) Songkhram.


    L61 ~ J11 'W seeriipMab' N freedom, liberty. L 61 ~ J11'W'I11 ~ n 1 s 'VltJ ~ ~ el'Wl-J; seeriipMab'-thaau:::::

    L61 l-J eJ l-J 1 sam~d' maa' constantly, regularly. 661 l-J eJ L'Vlil el'W sam~a'myan' V 1. to be equal and

    comparable (to). 2. to be just like, as if.


    L 61iJ~'W ( FI'W) samian' (khon')

    N clerk, office

    kaan'naus5Jyphim' freedom of the press.

    worker.
    L 61il~'W'WtJn ~ 1'W ( FI'W) sam!an'phanaguaan' {khon')

    ~61s~ 661~ ?ldsara?'seeriil N freedom, liberty.


    L61G'lfil saH~ed' N com. phlegm. 661 'W sawadj' V roy. to eat.

    --Syn.

    L61l-J'Vl~.

    N employees (in general), clerks and employees.


    L61ileJ'W samyan' sV lit. eleg. just like, just the

    -+S y n. See fl'W.

    same as, virtually.

    to reign.
    L618S s~d'* T Sir--. [f. Eng.] L611 ( 11l'W) saw' (t~n')

    "' "' L'lJ'WL61l-JeJ'W

    pen'samyan' eleg. 1. to be like. 2.

    as if (it) were. L61 ~ sadj' V to thrust, push upward (with a long object).
    L 61 ~ t:J l-J saajphom' V to run one's fingers back

    N 1. post, pole, pillar. C 2.


    b611 as initial ele-

    elf. for compounds having ment.


    L 611n s:::; Lfil ~ b 611 FleJ'W n ~ 111 ( b 611)

    sawkradoou' (saw')

    N mast. N

    through one's hair. L61 ~"I sed' V 1. to be finished, ready. sV 2. finished, through (doing something) (for the time being). -+Comp.

    ( L611 ) saw'kh:xmkrlid 1 (saw')

    a concrete post .., .


    L 611 as in 611l-J L 611 saam's~w' 1. three pillars,

    sflb~"l.

    -Dist. "l'U,K'W,'Vll-Jfil.

    supports. 2. having three members, tripartite.


    L 611 :J See entries below. fil1 'd'W S:::; L 611 S daawphrasaw' N Saturn {the planet).

    o 81Vl1 S L 61 S"I LLG11 ?aaMan'sedlw't The meal is ready. o 'lf1~1'WL61S"I thamuaan'sed' to be finished working, through working.

    --The names of the major planets are listed under


    fil11.

    l'UL61~"1

    (l'U) bajsect 1 {baj') N receipt (showing

    cJ'W L 611 S wansaw' N Saturday.

    -Also

    L 611 S
    v

    payment has been made).


    LLGJ1 L61
    b 61

    -+The days of the week are listed under


    L 611:::;
    C9J

    'HJ.

    s 6 s ~ sed'thura?/ v to be finished with the


    "l
    q

    s "l

    <:

    lw'sed' V to be finished, completed.

    s~?/

    V "to be upset;' in the following entries.

    1 "l L611:::;

    cajs~?/ V 1. to be afraid to face something

    business at hand.

    unpleasant, feel scared, be unnerved. 2. to be unable to take it (as when teased or annoyed).
    L611~'11el~

    L 1:1 S "I L! 8 ~ rl'W ~


    b 61

    sed 1 t1au 1 - kanthiil! Everything is

    settled. It's all over.

    "'

    s~?lth5::lD'

    V to be stomach-upsetting;

    ~ "l ~ n sed' syg' the war is over.


    L 611:::;

    to upset the stomach.


    L;J

    L61 "' S "I 61 SS 'W sed' sab' V to finish up.


    L 61

    s~?'

    V to look for, search for.

    ~"I K'Wn'W 1LJ~

    sed'stn'-kanpajthii'l That's the

    b611::::'Vl1 s~?lhaa' idem. L ~'U611'W in no1 b ~'U b ~'U611'W kamr~ab's~absaan',

    end of that! (expression of relief).


    b'Vll-J1 b61S"l maw'sed' to contract for everything

    q.v. ( b~'U is used to provide a rhyme for- bS'U).


    b~~ (1-3) sial, sia; (4) sia, sa

    altogether; to buy or sell everything as a whole. --Sometimes best translated simply "altogether." -See also
    b 61 ~:W saam'
    ' 4

    V 1. to lose (beyond

    recovery, as money, one's estate, part of one's body). 2. to waste, pay out (money), lose (time). 3. to break down, get out of order; to get spoiled, be spoiled. sV 4. sec. vb. indicating a hortative or imperative, the completive or intensification; often best untranslated in English; see examples below. -In mng. 4 sometimes spelled "/]:::; re-

    b'Vll-J'l 'Vl:W fil

    V to supplement, add to.

    61 ~ L61 S :W sousaam' V to enhance, encourage,

    promote.
    L61 ~l-JFI11:W sadmkhwaam' V to exaggerate.

    L61 ~ seeriil V 1. to be free. N 2. freedom, liberty.

    548
    fleeting the pronunciation sa.
    0

    I, ;'W b ~U s@nsia' V co 11 o q. to be nervous, upset. b ~ Un f;1


    "' I

    n'W ( ... ) b~u kin'( ... )siaL -sal Eat (it)! Go ahead and eat (it)!

    s Ia'kon' V to be tricked, outsmarted.

    I,

    61 u n eJ'W s fak~:Jn' beforehand, first.

    o 'lHJ b~Url kh5:J's1athii/ Please don't, just this once! (requesting that something be stopped). o bn~u~lb~U6JS~1 kllad'sfacincin'l (I) really hate (it). (I) hate (it) so terribly much. o

    b~1.JnSU1 sla'kirijaa' V to show bad manners,


    be unmannerly, impolite.

    b~Uf1'W sia'khon' V to lose one's integrity,


    become a bad person. b ~U b ~'W sia:gan' V to spend, use up money.

    ~ ~ ( . ) b~ 1.J
    thing) away.

    thfn'( ... )s fa

    to throw (some-

    I,~U'inU1 sla'canjaa' V to go against etiquette;


    to violate the rules of proper conduct, ethics, good manners.

    'IHJ ~ b~1.J, 'IJeJ ~ b~1.!1 kh:S:J:g'sia', kh5:J:g'siasia' N

    waste matter, things that are bad, not usable, deteriorated, worn out, damaged. 'IJ1A

    b~1.J'iS~ sfacin' colloq. really, so very (much).


    o

    b~1.J:i:Jl; khaad'siamid~aV
    ... )

    to be indispensable.

    bn~UAb~1.J'iS~ kllad'sfacin' toreallyhateit,


    hate it so very much.

    ~1(

    b~U kh~a'( ... )sia

    to kill, do away with.

    L6l b~U caj/sia' V to lose heart, be disheartened. 'J1ltJ b ~1.Jbb;'l cMa'pajsialff.:w'l It is too late.

    b~1.J'iSiil sla/carld' V 1. to lose one's mind.


    2. to be insane. A'W-insane person. A'l1:W--

    l;b~U d~aj/sla'
    ~See

    1. togainandlose,gainand

    b~1.JL'l siacaj' V to be sorry, to regret.


    sorrow, regret. o

    spend. 2. to be common-law husband and wife. cross reference.

    ~1 b~Ul'i n~a'slacaj/

    V to be regrettable.

    lilA ( .. ) b~u tad'( ... )sia to cut (it) off, sever. bleJA ( ... ) b~U th:,:Jd'( ... )sia to take off, remove . TleJ1 b611.J th5:J!]sla' 1. to have a disorder of the digestive tract, of the bowels; to have diarrhea. N 2. a disorder of the digestive tract, of the bowels; diarrhea.
    ~comp.

    I,~U!ii'U sfachfb' too (e.g. easily). Here !ii'IJ intensifies the completive sense of b ~U. o

    ..,

    "'

    'l~b'IJ1n'Wb~U!ii'IJ

    Mj'kMwkin'sfachfb'l (We)

    let him win too easily! b ~uV1'Iil sia'chiiwid' V 1 it. to lose one's life, to die.
    I,

    TleJ1 bA'W. topretendignorance.

    r11l~;b~1.J tham'm~jn1u'-sfa 'U


    ~~ ( ... ) b~U
    away.

    ~U~eJ siach~'

    V to have a bad reputation, to

    rh ( ... ) b~1.J tham( ... )sla' to spoil (something).


    thf:g'( ... )sia to throw (something)

    lose one's (its) reputation or fame. b~ UA1 U sladaaj' V 1. to feel sorry (about something lost, about a lost opportunity); to deplore, regret. 2. to be regrettable. o

    ~Dist. ~~ ( .. )l;.
    ( 1'U) bad's I a' (baj/) N void ballot. fansia' (sti/) N decayed teeth.

    1J61G11.J bi11.J nfs~j/sla' N a bad habit. lJiil ~ b ~ 1.J

    ~1 b~1.JA1U

    (1)

    n~a'sladaaj/;

    (2)

    n~a'siadaaVl

    ~'Wbi11.J (~)

    V 1. to be regrettable.

    2. What a pity! What

    'l'l1 A( ... ) b ~1.J mad'( ... )sia to smash up, bash in.
    bJJ'Wb~1.JbbleJ:; ma;:m'siatha?/l Notachance! Never!

    a shame! It's too bad! b ~1.J lYl'l siatua' V (a woman) to lose (her) virginity (by premarital relations). b~ Ubb~ s Ia'te:::, s I alta::: only, but (introducing

    1~ b~U 1~1; m~jsla'm~jd~aV


    neither lose or gain.

    to break even,

    b8'U( ,) b~1.Jjeb'(,. .. )sia to sew up.


    [;1:J.Jb~U lom'sia' V idiom. to be in a bad mood.

    an adverse reservation, restriction). b ~1.J'Yl~ 1 slason' V 1. to lose one's shape, lose its shape. 2. to spoil the shape, the look (of something). b ~1.JTI sla'thii/ V to lose the advantage to one's opponent.

    ~:JH ~u b DA lyym'sfathaad'l Forget it! Let's


    forget it!

    "' A'W1.J b ~u suun'sla' v 1. to disappear, be lost.


    'U

    2. to lose (something) . 61
    .L

    ~Ant.

    l;fl,

    ~I,

    611.! sa:g'sla'

    "'

    to give one's parting instruc-

    b ~Utf1L'l sia'namcaj' V to lose heart, be discouraged, be disheartened.

    tions.

    549

    L~[I L'lJ ~ [J'lJ s laprlab/ V to be handicapped.


    ~Ant. 11i1L'lJatJ'U.
    .., cJ

    radio broadcast .
    'Vtl1tJ L~f'J ~ khaj<laj/slau/ V to amplify (sound).
    d

    L~[I L'lJ ~ 1 ( 1) sla/pUtaw/; (2) s iaplaaw/ 1. to lose


    in vain, simply lose, simply waste. 2. uselessly, for nothing. L~[1Jl1if sia/phaasii/ V to pay taxes. taxpayer.
    f..I-OJ

    LFl ~ eJ ~ - - amplifier.
    'V'W L61 f'J ~ kh~siaul V co 11 o q. to raise one's
    J( "'

    voice (as when provoked).

    FI~'WL~f'J~
    [j1'Wb~f'J'l

    (61f1) khl9Ynsiaul (lOugl)


    "-~,

    N sound wave. N (phono-

    (Lbf..I'W) caansiau/ (phf:n/)

    b~f'JS1FI1 s'Ia/raakhaa/ V togodowninprice,


    decrease in value.
    b ~[I; s lan1u/ V to be outwitted.
    OJ

    graph) record.

    ~eJ b~f'J ~ ch9)7siaul N fame, o ~~elb~f'J~ miich~ysiaul V

    reputation, name. to be famous, famed.

    L~[I L'J Gi 1 s Iaweelaa/ V to lose time, waste time, use up time.


    L~f'J61Gl::; slasala?/ V to make a sacrifice.
    b ~[I 61bjjbjj 1 s Ias<lnjaa/ V to break a promise.

    "Li1 1 b ~[I~ saawsiau/ V to sound out (people's) views or opinions (on an issue).
    I

    cJ

    11 eJ b ~ f'J ~ th~bs raul N vocal cords.


    rf1 b ~tJ -Hl~ tham/slaudau/ to make a loud noise,

    L~[I 61Jii [I slasad/ V to be untrue (to).


    L~[JV!;1

    to be noisy.
    'W' 1 L~ tJ ~ nams I au I b~
    v

    sla/n~a/

    V to lose face.

    N tone of voice.

    L~tJm1n slalag/ V to lose one's footing, foothold.


    L~f'JV!1f'J slaha.aj/ V 1. to lose (beyond recovery),

    ~ b ~ f'J ~

    beul s I au/ V to shout, talk loud; to

    increase the volume of voice (as in singing).

    sustain a loss of. 2. to be damaged. 3. to be harmful, detrimental. Fl 1 1:W-harm, detriment. o 'Vel~ b~f'JV!1f'J kh3:::>u/slahaaj/ N 1. damaged things. 2. things that are bad or objectionable to do.
    I
    cJ

    IJ1nb~t:H paag/slau/ N spokesman, mouthpiece.


    o
    L1JmJ1n

    damage, loss,

    b~f'J~ penpaag/slau/ V 1. to be a

    spokesman, a mouthpiece (for). 2. e leg. to have an argument (with).

    b1J'Wb~f'J~b~f'J'Jrl'W pensiau/diawkanl inonevoice,


    in unison.
    I

    o Fl1 L61 tJ Vi 1 f'J

    kh~a/ s Iahaaj/

    N the damages, the

    b'tJ61-1 b fftJ -1 pleusiau/ V to utter, announce.

    loss, the amount of the loss. o 'Yh ( . ) b ~f'JV!1f'J tham/( ... )slaMaj/ V to spoil, damage, ruin (something). o j;,j6'J b~f'JV!1f'J phon/slaMaV N damage; damaging result.
    Vi'W1 L~f'J n~a/sla/ V to look disappointed.

    bbf.J li1 L~ tJ ~ phf:E:dsiaul V to roar, scream, yell, sing at the top of one's voice.
    I cJ I

    Llr.J'W b ~ f'J ~

    ( blf.J'W) phnslau/ (ph:nl)

    N (phono-

    graph) record.

    iJ~''l'W:iJL~tl~
    '

    miisi:tan/miislau/ V elab. colloq.

    to have a share, a part, a voice (in).


    ll'J'Jb~f'J~ w~w/slau/

    ~1 L~f'J huas'Ia/ V to lose one's temper, lose

    "'

    V tohearindistinctly.

    one's head, be in a bad temper.

    eJ~ 1 ~ L~f'J 1~1; jaausia/m~jd~aV


    to some one's pleading). L~[I~
    (

    ~1f'J b~f'J~
    against one's
    9 v

    s<lajslau/ N vocal cords.

    ~Also b;tH5tJ~.

    61:w b ~tl ~ sOmsiau/ N sound, voice, tone. L~'W b ~f'J -1 s@nsiau/ N vocal cords. b ~f'J

    will, against one's better judgment (giving in

    -1'1~~1 UJ 1n siau/khiaum~ag/

    N the majority

    L~[I~) siau/ (siau/}

    N 1. sound, (voice)

    vote.
    b ~tl H

    noise, tone. 2. gram. tone (of the Thai spoken language). o

    iJ'tJ 1
    '"

    siau/khlawl V 1. to have an angry

    ~camp.

    61'1LtJf'J~.

    voice. sV 2. in an angry voice.


    b ~ f'J ~ u 'V ~ s Iaukheu I
    cJ

    L~ f'J ~ 611ilbl! slau/saaman/ N the mid tone (of

    V to be stern, firm, confident

    the Thai spoken language).


    n a::; SJ 1 f'J b ~tl ~ kracaajslaul v

    (in one's manner of speaking). to broadcast (by


    b ~[I -1

    ~Iii 1 1 siaucadtawaal N the rising tone (of

    radio).
    0

    the Thai spoken language).


    b ~ f'J -1lil Ss IatJtrii/ N the high tone (of the Thai

    irwns::;SJ1f'JL~tl~ wfdthajU?Ikracaajsiau/ N
    9

    550 spoken language). L~ tJ ~ 1 '11 s Iauthoo' N the falling tone (of the Thai spoken language). -+Dis t. L~t.J

    d\' tJ Iii bF1611


    1~1 '11,
    q.v. under 1 '11.

    slad'khlaw' V to rub and press

    (against) (as a cat against the legs). b ~l'.Jiil;1 '! sladth:S::JtJ' V to feel a sharp pain in the abdomen. b ~ l'.J lil bb '11'! sladtheeu' V to pierce, stab, sting.

    ~ ~ L;1

    siautritMaw' N the sound of foot-

    steps.

    L~t.J~'\'1~1

    siauphr.1al V to have a faltering,

    b~l'.Jlilbbmvh1~ sladtheeu'hllacajl

    to cut to

    indistinct voice. L~ l'.J '! L'1'1 ~ 1::; s Iauphr:'J? I a pleasing tone. V to have a pretty voice,

    the quick, sting to the quick (as by sarcastic words).

    b~t.Jlil~ sladsiil V 1. to rub (against). 2. to sneer,


    be sarcastic. 3. to satirize. friction; sarcasm. o '!'1lil d) l'.J Iii~ phQud' slads Iii to speak sarcastically.
    'IJ

    L~t.J~~elsiaulyy' N rumor.

    n 1 S-- abrasion;

    d1 tJ ~ 61 1 JJr!!

    s I au' saaman' N the mid tone (of the

    Thai spoken language). L~l'.J H'l1 1 slatJh.1aw' V to have a deep voice.

    b~l'.Jlil

    L6J

    in

    ~b~t.Jlil slisladl N cutch, catechu.


    N splinter, sliver.

    L~l'.J~bb'Vl'U siauhE:.sb' V to have a hoarse, rasping


    voice. L~ l'.J ~ LeJ n s I au? eeg' N the low tone (of the Thai spoken language).
    L vn

    b iu'W ( el'W) stan' (?an')

    bD'W b gl'.J'WV!'W 1:W pen'stannaam' to be enemies (of the state, of society): "to be splinters and thorns." b~l'.J'\.J slab1 V to pierce, thrust, pin.

    -+Dis t.

    l~ LeJn.

    q.v. under

    b~l'.J:W (el1J) siam'(?an') N spade.


    bKCJ:w stam' V to sharpen to a point. b ~t.J 1 slaw' V 1. to get a sharp sudden sensation (painful or pleasurable). 2. to feel a thrill of fear, horror.

    L~l'.J ~ 111 siauhaal N sound of laughter. Vl1 L~t.J ~ haasiau' V to electioneer, campaign, seek votes. paigning. Vl1 '! L~l'.J ~ Mausiau' N the intonation at the end of an utterance, revealing or betraying the speaker's emotion.
    "' '" Vl'Ub61t.J~

    n 1 S-- (election) campaign, cam-

    b~l'.J11~ slawcajl V to feel a thrill of fear, a


    shiver of fear, horror. a shiver of fear.
    elt.J 1 ~--in fear, with

    d bFl~el'!)

    hlibsiau' (khryau 1 )

    N phono-

    b ~t.J 'diJ611'\.J siaw'plaabl to get a sharp sudden sensation (painful or pleasurable), to have a sudden piercing surge of sensation. b8 t.J 11 gj s Iaws.1j I stricken. o V to feel terrified, horror-

    graph. eJeJn b~t.J'! ?o::Jgsiau 1 V 1. to voice, give voice to. 2. to pronounce, utter. 3. to pronounce, articulate. 4. to vote. sV 5. aloud.

    otJlil~eJeJnL~t.J'! (1'U)ood'?o::Jgsiau'(bajl) N
    ballot. b~t.J '! b8 tJ
    d

    ~ 1 b ~t.J 'd 1i

    n.1a'slaws.1jl V 1. to be dreadful,

    terrifying. sV 2. in a terrifying manner. Vl'd1lil b8t.J'd waadslaw/


    :\"

    GJ

    slau' C piece, part, fraction. slau' V to risk, take a chance.

    to feel a thrill of fear,

    b8t.Ji1eJF1 slaucMog 1 V to take a chance, try one's luck.

    ~ d

    L6J

    horror; to have chills sent down one's spine. b 61 t.J 'd staw 1 C a quarter, one fourth. b ~ J

    (til'd , Fl'W)

    sya' N 1. member of the tiger family,

    L~t.J'l'Y11t.J
    d
    ~
    ~

    slauthaajl V 1. to divine, practise

    e.g. tiger, panther, jaguar (tua'). 2. bandit, outlaw (khon').

    divination. 2. to cast lots. L8 tJ Ult.J slauphajl V to risk, venture. b61 tJ ~ el'Wlil S 1 tJ slaul?antaraajl V to risk danger.
    L~l'.Jiil
    GJ
    d

    bb~ b~ eJ

    ( F11J)

    m~esya'

    (khon')

    N a tough woman,

    esp. one who is given to bawling people out.

    slad' V to pierce, thrust (into).

    61nb~l (lil'l,Fl'W) lQugsyal N 1. tigercub(tua'). 'IJ


    2. boy scout (khon'). b~ eJ 1 F1; '! b~ eJ lil1 1

    b\Jt.Jiii L~t.Jiil bladslad 1 V 1. to be dense, congested, crowded. 2. to jostle, force one's way (into).

    til1 ) syakhr6ou' (tua')' ( til1 ) syadaaw' (tua') N


    (

    N tiger. leopard.

    551

    b~ellil"1 (til':!) syadaml (tua') N black panther.

    bureau.

    b~ele.l..,~~
    ~

    (Fl'W) syalphQujlu' (khon') N slang

    o ;1'W b ie~;1
    b ie~r.J'W

    ( ;1'W,

    bb'Vi~)

    raan's9apMa' (raanl,

    wolf, woman-chaser.
    'Vi1 ~ b ~ eJ ( eJ'W) h~ausyal (?an') N rudder, helm,

    heu 1 ) N clothing store.


    ( til1)

    s9afon' (tua')

    N raincoat.

    tiller.

    b~ e1 n syag' V 1. to push, give a shove. 2. v u l g.

    ;1t:Jb~el

    ?ttjsya' N 1. derog. bandit, outlaw.

    to butt in, intrude (as when crashing a party, intruding into a conversation).
    b~ t~n lsi syagsajl V to drive away, push away.
    b ~ ei:W syam' V to decline, deteriorate, decrease,

    T 2. title placed before the first name of a bandit or outlaw.


    b ~ eJ

    ( ~'W) sya' (ph)1yn')

    N mat.

    ; :l.J'Vi:W ei'W'W ei'W b ~ eJ l6mm:S::m'n:J:msya' V e lab.

    lessen.

    F1 1 1 :J..I-- decline; retrogression. __,.Ant. See


    b '1 ~ blJ

    -s y n.

    colloq. to fall sick, be brought to bed because of illness.

    1m :J.J
    b ~ el:J..I b tJ

    n ~~

    syamkladl

    to be disgraced, de-

    bfftJ~Iil'lJ b~el
    ~~

    lfauduu'puusyal V elab. colloq.


    b~

    graded.

    to feast.
    b lfe~ ( til1) s9a' (tua')

    N coat, upper garment. N 1. collar (of

    eJJ-1~ 1 syamkh/ial V to devaluate, n1 ~-- devaluation, depreciation.


    one's reputation.

    depreciate.

    Fl eJ blf eJ

    ( eJ'W) kh:J:Js9a' (?an')

    b~eJJ-Jb~tJ~elb~tJ~

    syamsla'ch9Yslau' V tospoil

    a shirt, coat, etc.). 2. neck (of a garment).


    tillil

    blft~

    tads9a' V 1. to tailor, make a coat, 2. to have a coat, blouse, dress

    LL51. See entries below.


    b'U 1::: bLGi b;)?lsel N inkling, clue, hint, trace.

    blouse, dress. made. o

    o Sb'U1:::lb51 ruu1-b;J?Ise' V tohaveavague


    ~

    ;1'Wtillilblft~ (;1'W,bb~~)
    heu') phlis9a' (tua')

    nian'tads9a' (raanl,

    knowledge of, have an inkling about.


    bbt:Jlbsi jeesE:e' V colloq. to pay attention (to),

    N tailor shop, dressmaker's. N butterfly. N coat


    '

    ~blft~ (til':!) l~bb'CJ'J'Wblft~


    hanger.

    mind, show interest (in).


    blsi sh' V to look for trouble, get involved (in some-

    (eJ'W) majkhwEns9a' (?an')

    thing which is not one's affair).


    ('lilil) s9a 1 kaaukeeu 1 (chUd 1 ) q

    blft~n1~

    bn1

    N 1.

    bbsi 'VI1 b ~ eJ 1 sh'Mar9au' V colloq. to take

    '

    suit of clothes (for a man). 2. any ensemble of clothes that includes an upper garment and slacks or pants (e.g. women's blouse and slacks, children's coveralls, pajamas, etc.).
    lbsi bb;
    l0

    unnecessary risks, to look for trouble.


    (

    eJ'W) see' (?an')

    N whip.

    L;J

    in

    b~'U 511 1 b~'Wlb; pens<law'pensee' V to

    be a young unmarried woman.


    bbsi n shg' N 1. median line. 2. middle. 3. part

    blft~Fl~:J.J
    q

    ( til1) s9akhlum' (tua')

    N overcoat,

    topcoat, jacket.

    (of the hair). V 4. to part (the hair). -Dis t. N coat. undershirt,


    3.

    blft~J'W'Weln ( til1) s9achann~bg' (tua') blft~J'W1'W (til':!) s9achannajl (tua 1 ) N


    garment.
    blf eJ b~171 (til1 ) s9acM8d' (tua')

    ~e.J:J.J.

    n~1~1'Wbb5in"l klaauwan'shgshg' in broad daylight, in the very middle of the day.


    bbsi n n Gl1 ~ shgklaau' v

    man's undergarment; slip, vest, woman's underN shirt. [ b ~171


    , - b~b.-171 , - b~lil

    (hair) to be parted in the

    middle.
    bbsi n 'VI'W 1 shgntia' N forehead, esp. the part

    f. Eng.] -Sometimes also -

    ~ ~171

    blft~'Weln (til':!) s9an~:Jg'(tua') N coat,overcoat. bi ei ~ 1 ei n ( til1 ) s9a'pbaa? og' (tua') N an upper


    garment which opens down the front.

    between the brows.


    bbsi
    ~
    l0

    seu 1 N ray, beam, light.


    proou'sceu' V to be translucent.

    L'lJ

    ~ Hbsi ~
    ~

    blft~;1 (~'W)
    ing. o

    s9apMa' (chin')

    N clothes, cloth-

    t:Jelblsi

    j:J:J'sE:eu' V to be dim, become dim (of

    sunlight, at dusk). (tGu') N wardrobe,


    ~ 1Lb51 ~
    0

    ~bit~;1 (~) tGu's9aph~a/

    ( ~ 0 1) lamsceu' (lam')

    N beam of light.

    552
    I

    61 EJ 1 bb611

    S~DSED'

    V (a source of light) to shine,

    form stunts. --Syn.

    Ul'Wil61

    com.

    emit light.

    -Dis t.

    ~ eJ ~ l ~.

    bbfllii~A'J1:W~'W~ sadEED'-khwaamljindiil to congratulate. bl611iH'tJ 1_j n bl1 sadEED'paathakatMa' V e leg.

    bb61 ~ sl'W'Yl~ seDcan' N moonlight. 6661 ~ lQ 1'W seDcMan' bright light. 6661 11i11 'J seeDdaaw' N starlight.

    to lecture, give a lecture. bl61 Iii~ 61::: AS sadEED'lakh:J:Jnl V e 1 e g. to act, play, put on an act, a play. bl6ilil:WLJ
    (1111~)

    b661H~eJ'W seeDdyanl N eleg. moonlight.


    6661 ~ 66lillil seeDdhd' N sunlight. 6661HI:::'f'W seeD'tawan' N eleg. sunlight. "' bb61H'ii:::EJ1'llrltl sb:D'phni?aathid' N sunlight.
    I

    'Wil--

    actor, actress.

    satem 1 *(duaD')

    N (postage) stamp.

    6661

    ~'ViS

    SEEDphr~a/

    N diffused light.

    [f. Eng.] "' tlfilUGliii:WlJ pld'satEm 1 to put, stick, affix, paste


    a stamp (on an envelope, in an album).
    eJ 1 n Sllfl li1 :w'tJ

    6661~1~ SEEDfajl N l.light. 2. firelight.


    0

    '1'111 ~ 6661 ~ l 1~ phraaD'seEufajl V to have a blackout.


    I

    ( fil 1 ~)

    ?aak:J::m 1 satEm' (duaD')

    an official revenue stamp affixed to documents to indicate legality. l661'W SEEn' Nm 1. hundred thousand. C 2. idem.
    AA 3. greatly, extremely, awfully.

    6661~6111~
    9

    seD'sawaaD' N light.

    6661 HJ Hl! SEED/?arun' N lit., e leg. light at daybreak. o 6661 H Hl!'IJ'W SEDI?arun 1 - kh)Tn 1 it is dawning,
    9

    J'

    ln61ll61'Wlll61 klajlsewklajl V to be very far away. bl61 'W l n 61 seEn'klajl V to be very far away. bb61'W'i::: seew'ca:::: AA greatly, extremely, awfully. llGl'W'Yl'i::: shnlthtica:::: greatly, extremely, frightfully. blGl'U shb' V to smart, sting. llGl:W. See entries below. 'tJllGl:W
    '~~

    getting lighter; the sun is rising.


    b66i~
    lJ

    SEED' N lit.,eleg. weapons. usually in

    'U1Hb61~

    L~~cJ1~bb6i~ (LS~)
    N arsenal. N 1. red-orange. V 2.

    ch~aDSED'

    (rooD')

    6661 Iii in ~ 6661 vl

    slisf:Ed 1

    to be red-orange. bl61 l!H sadEED' V 1. to show, display. 2. to put on a show, to play (act). 3. to be shown. (see below).
    I

    ( ul'J) puu'sameE' (tua')

    N small salt-

    n 11-~--

    water crab.

    bAS u ~-- sign, indicator.


    611blvl~.

    ~ m61:w ( rl'J) liD'samee' (tua')


    monkey.
    llbil~ s~ED 1

    N crab-eating

    (seebelow). -Comp. ll1lb661 Iii~


    ( eJ u 1 1, S eJ'U)

    kaansadD' N 1. indi-

    V eleg.topretend.

    cation, display, show (of respect, emotion, etc.) (jaaD'). 2. performance, show, exhibition (as on the stage, at a fair) (r:J:Jb').
    0

    666161

    saltED' V to be harmful, irritating (to the body), bad for the health.

    ll61 'J

    saweED'

    to search, seek, pursue.

    n 1 :l 6661 VI~ b1J Iii bVI~ rl kaansadEED'bedtaH~d/ N


    skit, short revue.
    v

    llGl d nn Lfl. See

    saw8ED 1 haa 1

    to search, look for.

    L8LASil,L61~:w.

    o r.J no 1rl'U ll 1 H6 61 Iii ~


    'U

    ( A'W) phQukamkabl kaansa::::

    L 61 LA l n sookhrBogl L r;l fil


    @

    to be dirty' filthy. -Chiefly

    dEED' (khonl) N stage director, film director. ll1Sb681i1HHJil


    kaansadEED/?~:Jgl

    sood' N single, unmarried state. A'W--

    N expression

    in compounds. person. cJ 1 u- -

    single person, unmarried

    (act of expressing). rl'dll81iH ( rl'J) tuasadED' (tua') N 1. player,

    single, man, unmarried man;

    bachelor. bD'W L 61 fil pensood' to be single, unmarried.

    actor. 2. role, part (in a play). r:Jlb611iH


    'U

    (A'W)phQusadEED 1 (khon')

    N eleg. 1.

    vrii! ~ L 8 fil
    't61fil
    [J

    ( A'W) j lDsood' (khon')

    N single woman,

    player, performer. 2. the cast.


    0

    unmarried woman, spinster. sood'

    s 1 u'W 1:WW 6l611i1 ~


    'U

    raajnaam 1 ph0usadEED 1 N e leg.

    1. case, instance. 2. section, part.

    the cast (in a performance), list of players. lll'i lil ~ n 61 sadEEDkon 1 V e 1 e g. to do tricks, per-

    L61lil sood' N eleg. ear. -Syn.

    '!;) com.

    L 61 [ii'tJ l ni 1 'Yl sood'prasaadl N 1. sense of hearing.

    553

    2. auditory nerve. o 9J 1 A151IJI'tJ :J:; ~ 1'!1 baad'-sood'prasaad' V to offend one's sense of hearing.

    '" 1 ~' jeb::: ... sajl V to sew or make up 6 t.J'U


    (something) to wear.

    1 ~ 1l ~:; i1i Jj
    9

    sajkradum' v to button.

    hu1i\l

    (fl'W) soopheeniil(khon') N eleg. prosti-+S y n. AJ n'tHH colloq. N

    1 ~ fl f'! PJ'W sajkb::m' V to bolt, latch (a door, window).

    tute.

    1~flb\!bl~

    odPJ-11~ bJlill ( A'W)


    brothel.

    s~u'soopheeniil (s~u')

    1i A'd 1 :W 1 ~ 1 'l

    sajkuncee'

    to lock.

    sajkhwaaml V to calumniate, make false

    accusations. sajcajl

    'WA~1~ bJliJl ( A'W) nakh:xm'soopheeniil (khon')


    N e leg. courtesan, prostitute.

    to be attentive.

    'l i'U 1 iii~


    N

    sajbaadl

    to give food to a priest, put

    Vib\!11~6Jlill (A'W) jiu'soopheeniil (khon')


    eleg. prostitute.
    1~J.JJ.J soomom' V eleg. 1. to be filthy.

    food into a priest's bowl.

    'li;1li
    2. to be

    sajniajl V to smear, calumniate, make

    false and defamatory accusations.

    indecent.

    Fl 'd 1 :W-- filthiness; indecency.

    1 i d1'"'J

    sajs9a'

    to put on a coat, jacket, blouse,

    1~;-1 (rl'd) saroou' (tua') 1~ ;t.J soohQjl N colloq.


    9

    N sarong. [f. Malay] expenses; overhead.

    dress, etc.

    15i'( )1;Lm:w saji( ... )Mjtem' v to fill.


    b en1~1i ?awcajsa.jl

    [f. Chin.]

    1. to pay attention. 2.

    1~

    sa.jl

    to be clear' transparent.

    to take an interest (in), put one's heart (into).

    bb~ J.J1~
    1

    ccmsajl

    1. (the weather) to be clear,

    l5i sajl

    fine. 2. to be bright, cheerful (in appearance,


    in disposition).

    v fl9Jl5i1~
    t:J

    to push, shove.

    ( rl1) kob'sajmaajl (tua') N plane

    (carpenter's tool).

    1 'tJ :i ~ 1 G1 proou'sajl V to be transparent.


    1

    R n15i

    phlag' sajl V to push away.

    ~ J ~ 15i

    ph:,usajl V 1. to be clean, pure, unclouded

    6~ Jfl15i syagsajl V to drive away, push away.


    1~1l9J sajkob'

    (as of the mind, heart). 2. to be happy, gay, cheerful (as of the face).
    d

    to plane.

    l ; (l5i'W,'IJ:i1) sftjl(sen',khOd') N 1. intestines.


    2. the inside part, filling (as in a pastry, eggroll, fountain pen, etc.). o l;'IJ'WJ.J sftjkhanom' N pastry filling.
    d
    <u

    651J:W15i l9amsajl V 1. to be thoroughly convinced, be impressed, believe whole-heartedly. 2. to have faith in. -+Syn.

    ~;'!161, 6~!!1!.

    5i A15i sodsajl V to be clear (as of the weather),


    fresh, cheerful.

    flf'I'W l5i khl9Ynsftjl, khl9yn'sftjl V 1. to feel nauseated (literally). 2. colloq. to feel a loathing,

    5i n1 ~ sugsajl 9

    to be bright, shining, glittering.

    repugnance, disgust; to feel revolted, nauseated. o 'W1flf'!'Wl~ nftakhl9Yn'sftjl V (something) to make one's stomach turn; to be nauseating, loathsome.
    ' d "-'

    -+See cross reference.

    1 ~ 66 ~+ 'd 1~
    sajl

    sajcew' to be very clear, very transparent.

    1. to put in, insert. 2. to put on, wear

    (clothing). 3. to contain, hold. sV 4. to, toward, at (see ex. below). -+S y n. 2. 5i 'd J.J e leg. o

    f1'1l; ( 'IJ li1) lamsftjl (khod') N bowel, intestine.


    b ~t.J

    'd

    l; siawsftjl

    V to feel terrified, horror-

    YJI1i1~Vi~1 'U

    phOud'sajnfta' to say (it) right to

    stricken.

    one's face.

    l;n s Jfl ( 65i'W) sftjkr:,:Jg 1 (sen') N sausage. 1;l ~ J'W ( IJI 'd) sftjdyan 1 (tua') N earthworm. 1;rl'W sftjtanl N appendicitis.
    o

    fl1bl'l'l1~'WJ.J kaafee'sajnom' N coffee with cream. 6'~11~ kMwsa.jl sV at, toward. o 'V; ~ 6;11 ~ phOu 1 khftwsajl 1. to throw, hurl at.
    9

    1 ~ Fl1;WW
    dicitis.

    rl'log's.jtan' N com. appendicitis.


    "-' c!

    2. to move swiftly toward.

    o 1;w'W5n L5i4J sftjtanl?agseeb' N eleg. appen-Also l5iiJI~Jfll5i9J,


    <l./

    1 b11 ~ uJ ~

    ( 19J , 1 b1) tMo' sajpteu' (bajl, th0o 1 )

    N powder jar.

    J1i0w1~t:JJ.J

    namman'sajphom' N hair oil.

    1;~ ~ sftjtlu' N appendix (body part). o l;~~5n65i9J sftjtllJ'?agseb' N eleg.

    appen-

    554
    clicitis.
    l;An (A'W)

    and quiet, quiet and subdued.

    s~jsyg'

    {khon')

    N traitor; spy {in

    '1-H 1 tJ

    :uaajl V 1. to lie face up, to be in a supine position. 2. to turn face up, turn right side up.

    wartime).

    'H~'W l ; mans~V

    V to be disgusted (with someone),

    At:nJVH 1 tJ dyan:uaaj/ waxing moon. ---Ant.


    bAv'W~Iil.
    ~ :::'H~

    disapprove (of someone) (usually because of some unwarranted or unreasonable action or attitude).
    a-'

    B-1

    1t.J

    pha:ua?':uaajl 1. to fall over backwards.

    1 ~ tJ

    as in

    1 ~ tJ F'l1 ~Ill ~

    sajjasaad' N the magic art

    2. to draw back suddenly, pull up short, reel back.


    ~:W'l-H

    (as derived from Brahmanism, and dealing esp. with spells and incantations).

    1t.J l6m:uaaj/ V to fall on one's back.

    'H~:W :ulm/ V to be quiet, reserved.

    l~'l

    in

    ~~1~l~'l

    sawaa:u'sawaV

    to shine

    VI~ n

    ""

    1
    ~

    :uyg:uyg' a nodding of the head; with a nod.

    brightly all over, be bright with light.

    'YW n VI'W 1 VI~ n 1 phajag'n~a/ -:uyg:uyg' to nod the

    ""

    head up and down, nod the head several times.


    Vl~lilVI~Iil :uud:!]ld' V to be irritable, bad-tempered, q

    ill- humored, moody.


    Vlb!J 1 j~a' N grass. 'H
    h~::>/

    HIGH consonant. Pronounced h in initial posi-

    lil1 tJVIblJ 1

    daajj~a/

    V 1. to mow excess or unwanted

    tion before vowels; not pronounced in final position. It is also placed before sonorants (nasals, liquids, and semi vowels) to convert them into high consonants; in this event 'H
    'Hn
    <9.l

    grass or weeds. 2. to weed.


    v

    ~nVItJl:W'HblJ1

    thUgj:'>m'j~a'

    idiom. everywhere,

    all over.
    ~~VIb!J1

    is not pronounced.

    ( Lb'VI~) thO:!]j~al (hf::u')

    N 1. prairie,

    hog' Nm six.

    grassland. 2. meadow, pasture.

    ~1.mn slbhog' Nm sixteen.

    lLJV1~1
    v

    ( 1'U)

    bajj~a/

    (bajl)

    N blade of grass. N

    'Hn~'U hbgslb' Nm sixty.


    'Hn ~'U L 8"1il h0g'slb?ed 1

    ~'W1:WVI61J1- (~'W1:W)

    sanaamjaa' (sanaam')

    Nm sixty-one.

    lawn, yard (of house).


    Vlb!J 1 n n Vlb!J 1 A 1
    v

    'Hn L!J hog' V 1. to spill. 2. to turn over, invert . n S::: A 1'WVIn ( bbt:J'W) kradaan'hog' (phE:n 1 )

    ( 111 'W)

    jaakog' (tt}n')

    sedge, rush, reed.

    N see-

    ( III'W) j~akhaa/ (t6n') N cogon, a tall, coarse

    saw, teeter-totter.

    -Syn.

    l~nS:::Iiln.

    grass used for thatching (Imperata cylindrica).


    VI61J1'\J1nAln jaa'paagkh~bg'

    'fh(,,. )'Hn tham( ... )hog' to spill (something).

    "grass {by) the barn

    Vln A::; L:W'W hogkhameenl V 1. to turn a somersault.


    2. to tumble, fall down.
    Vln ~ lil hogr6d' V to spill, be spilled (over some-

    door," a figure used to describe something that is easy, obvious, commonplace, ordinary, hence so familiar as to remain unnoticed.
    Vli'U~
    (l'l'W) jl:u' (khon/)

    thing).
    Vlniil:w hogl6m 1 V to tumble over, fall over.
    v

    N com. 1. woman. 2.

    female (of people only). T 3. Princess --. Used of various female descendants of royalty down
    ' a-'

    'l1<JV1nn'W'IJ11il hi1ahog'k6nkhwld' sV colloq.

    gallivanting about, on the go.


    'H ~ ~ ( lll'l ) M:u' (tua') N 1. hans a, the legendary

    to the level of pounds.

    'VI:WeJ:WS 1V'l ~F'l.

    -Chiefly in com~

    -Opp. 'il1t.J.

    ---Dist. 2.

    III'J b:Wt.J

    bird on which Brahma rode. 2. swan.


    VI~ In lJ~::>g'

    female (of animals).

    ---Syn.

    ~~~~~.
    'II

    NOTE.

    V to be gray {of hair).

    The usual term for "woman" is

    B-~VIi'U ~, as below.

    '0'J'H~ in hUalJ~::>g' V to have gray hair, be grayheaded. ll ~ l'W ( '1-H l'W, D'W) :u:S::m' (JJ:S:::m', ''an') N comb

    But in special cases Vli'U ~ occurs alone, as in the following example. o 'fl H16\! Hb~::; d 1 tJ th:ilJjl:!] 1 lechaajl both men and
    6

    1;

    . VI ,1 J

    (of fowl).
    :J..J

    women .
    A 'l1 :iH V'WVIi'U -1 khwaam'penj ID' N femininity. A1:1J,VIi'Ui khunjllJ' P 1. you, she, her (sp. to or of q

    lJ~m 1

    V to be very old (of people).

    VIHtJ D~V V to be lonesome, sad and lonely, sad

    555

    'VI'W'H 'VI(U ~ 161li1 ( Fl'W) j I:usood' (khon')

    the wife of a man in the conferred rank of

    v~

    S::: t.J 1

    N single woman,

    or the wife of a premier or outstanding minister). T 2. title placed before the first name of such a lady. Hence "Lady -- ," "Madame -- ." -see
    b'l1~bli..

    unmarried woman, spinster.

    vriU -1161 bJlfil


    'VIiU.:J'VI:JJ1t.l

    j I:u'soopheeniil (khon') N e 1 e g.

    prostitute.
    (A'W) j!tJm~ajl(khon') VifU-1:JJ1t.J.

    N widow.

    "' "' "' b'l1'11'VI(U~ (eHA) dtwfaaji:u' (?o:u') N 1. princess of the highest rank, i.e. daughter of the king born by the queen. T 2. Princess--.

    -+Also

    iJ1'VIfU-1 ?aaji:u' N younger paternal aunt. 'VIli1 hod' to shrink, contract, retract, draw back.

    b'l1'VI(U~

    (EHFl) c~wjitJ' (?o:u')

    N 1. princess.
    I

    ~li1'VIli1l; j~ydhbd'd~ajl
    ~

    V to be capable of exten-

    Used of foreign princesses, or of any Thai


    V

    sion, of stretching and shrinking, elastic. T 2.


    'VIli11il 'd hodtual V to contract, shrink.

    princess down to the level of 'VI:JJiJ:W b '1 1.

    Princess --. Used with the names of foreign princesses.


    b li1n'VI61J-1

    'VIli1~il hodmyy' V to draw back one's hand.


    'VIli1VI hodhuu' V to be sad, depressed, dejected.

    "'

    ( A'W) degji:u' (khon')

    N 1. girl. T 2.

    1'l'VIli1~,'VIli1~1'1
    'U 'U

    'U

    cajlhodhuu', hodhuu'cajl

    title placed before the first name of a girl, esp. a schoolgirl. -co mp .
    .Wn b ~t.J'W'VI(U ~ ( Fl'W) nagrianji:u' {khon') N school-

    to be downhearted, despondent, depressed, heartsick.

    vrrw, 'VI'tW
    ~

    hathajl N lit. heart.

    girl, coed. o 'W1t.Jbb'Vfl1t.J'VI(U-1


    (Fl'W) naajphtcd'ji:u' (khon') N

    1J1'W'VI'I1t.J baan'hathajl colloq. fully, to one's

    heart's content.
    'VI'W
    QJ

    woman physician.

    -s y n.

    'VI:JJ eJ t:J 'VI(U -1


    'U

    co m.

    h<'>n' C time.
    d

    ->-S y n. See

    Fl S1 'J

    ~lilS'VifU-1
    -+S y n.
    t:J'VIfU-1
    'U

    (A'W) budjltJ' (khon')

    N eleg. daughter.

    o n'Vl'W klihc'Snl how many times. o 51 iJ -1 'VI'W s::So:uhc'Sn' twice, two times.
    J.,
    ~ ~
    <='.ll

    61 n 511 'J 'U

    c o m. N com. 1. woman.
    81i1~ eleg.

    (I'I'W) phCujltJ' (khonl)

    'li'lb'lrl'll rlb'lrl'VI'W

    chQa'cedthii'->-diilcedhOn'

    2. female (of people). -+Dis t. 2.


    v

    -Syn.

    "bad for seven times, good for seven times," i.e. good luck is intermingled with bad.
    'VI~
    :!:C

    rl'd b ~t.J

    female (of animals). -+Opp.

    Wlf1t.J.
    'U
    I

    1 t.J'VI'W,

    'VI~

    1 t.1 Fl

    -1-- laaJhOn 1, laajkhra:u'LlajMn'

    B-l1t.J'VI(U-1 faajjltJ'

    N 1. the women's side. 2. (as

    e 1 a b. several times, many a time.


    'VI'W 1-'l Mn' N,C place.

    n. mod.) woman's, female. 3. the woman (ref. to a particular woman in contrast to some man or men).
    b'V'lfi'VIfU-1 pheedji:u 1 N female sex; feminine gender.

    ' -Syn. See bb'VI-1.

    o 'VI'W l 'VI'W Mnni:ijl 1 it. where, which place.


    lil'W'VI'W ( A'W)
    t~nh6n 1

    (khon') N navigator, steersman.

    ~nww~nb6'VI1

    ~n'VIfU-1 'VIiU~llfl

    (A'W) lQugjitJ'(khon')

    N daughter.

    thUghiJn'thUghe:u' elab. everywhere. ' 61 iJ -1 VI'W Dt]hiJn' V to become invisible.


    ('111~,511ll)

    -syn. See
    (A'W)

    'VI'W'I11-1

    MnthaaD'(thaaD'saajl)

    ji:ukh' (khon')
    tJ1t.Jbbn

    N com. old

    road, way . o VI'W'I11-1blnl'V ('111~)

    ..,

    woman.
    'VI(U-1 bfh.i1;:::

    -Syn.

    colloq. N wait-

    MnthaatJ'keekhajl (thaatJ')

    (Fl'W) jltJ'd:::l:::lnt6?1 (khon')

    N remedial means; a remedy (e.g. for a difficulty). o VI:JJrl'VI'W'111i modlhonthaatJ 1 to have no way, no

    ress.
    v:iU -1 'W 1'1 s 151 b Jlill

    ( I'I'W)

    jl:unakhoon' soopheenii'

    means (of doing something).


    'VI'W 1 n .

    (khon')

    N eleg. courtesan, prostitute.

    See entries below.


    'U

    'VIiU-1'1"1SVI:w'l1~ (F!'W) jltJ'phrommacaalrii/ (khon')


    N virgin.
    VifU -1 d-J1 fJ
    ( FrW) j I:um~aV (khon')
    ~

    'VItl d n 'VI
    ~Vi'W

    nuaghiJ.ul

    to be noisy. deafening. to be deaf. -+Dist. Vl~-1


    'U

    dn

    huunuag' v

    ->-Syn. 61:W:JJ1t.J.

    -Also 'VIfU-1'VI:JJ1t.J.

    ...

    N widow.

    "hard of heari.ng." 'VI'W 'J -1 nliatJ' V to delay, hold back.


    VI'W 'd -1 b'VIWt.J 1 nliatJnlaw' V to delay.
    d

    'VIiU -151 'l 'd j I:usaaw' N young girl, young woman.

    556
    'l-1'W 'Hl ( 66i'W) nuad' (s@n') N 1. mustache, beard,

    longer; a little more. o


    ~

    whiskers. 2. antennae (of insects).


    Ln'W'l-1'W 'Hl koonnuad' V to shave (literally, shave

    "" d lileJJ.J1eJn'l-1'Weltl'l-1'W~

    6omaa'-?lign:JjlnYtJ a little

    bit later on.


    '!-1'Wn nag' v 1. to be heavy. 2. to be hard (as of

    the beard).
    V1'W 'J rll
    I

    A~

    1 nuadkhraw' N beard (including the

    work). sV 3. heavily, severely, very, extremely.


    A'l1J.J--

    mustache).
    'l-1'W 1 tJ

    (seebelow). -Ant. b9J1,

    nuaj' N unit.
    ( rl 1 ) l@egnuaj' (tua') N cardinal

    n~:::

    bJ1'1-11Jn krapawnag' V idiom. colloq. to

    661 'l.l'l-1'W 1 tJ

    be rich, have loads of money.


    '1.1 1 'l'!-1'\Jn kh~awnag' V a slowly maturing variety

    number.

    'l-1'W1t!~9Jl'W~~

    ('l-1'W1t!) nuajldabphl~~D' (nuajl)

    of rice.

    -Ant. '1.111 b9J1. --Dist.

    N fire department, fire-fighting unit.


    'l-1'W 'HJ :!9J ( 'l-1'W 1 tJ) nuajr6bl (nuaj') N fighting

    A11J.J'l-1'!Jn khwaamnag' N heaviness.

    "' 'W"1'lo1'!Jn.
    '!11 1 ~'1-1'\Jn ( 'fl'l 1 ~'!-1'\Jn) thawaannag' (thawaannag')

    unit.
    'l-1'W 'l tJ
    lJ

    in

    'l-1'W 'l lJ n 1'W

    nuajk~an'

    N bearing, manner,

    ...
    I

    N anat.,eleg. rectum,anus . --Dist. A'l1J.J'l-1'Wn.


    i d i 0 m.
    ~

    manners, breeding.
    'l-1'W eJ n:So' Pt particle having contemplative force,

    'Wo1'!-1'!Jn namnag' N weight.


    I

    f)

    el'W'l-1'W n f) el'W l 'U 1 phonnag'ph:Jnbaw' v

    used at the end of an interrogative sentence; may be rendered by "I wonder."


    I

    to ease tensions by compromise or mutual concession.


    b'Wu'U'!-1'\Jn phtabnag' V to be in serious, critical

    'l-1'W eJ

    ( '\-1'W eJ) n:Jo' (n?:lo')

    N offshoot, sprout.

    V1~eJ l~ ( 'l-1~eJ)
    shoot.
    W\JeJ~

    noomaajl (noo') N young bamboo

    condition, in bad shape.


    Jl1S:::'l-11Jn phaara?'nag' N heavy burden.

    (W\JeJ~, bm~) n~SotJ'

    (n:'iotJ', hetJ')

    '!-1'\Jn 1 'l nagcajl v

    to be depressed, heavy-hearted,

    swamp, lagoon, large pool. 'l-11W


    ~
    lJ

    anxious; to have a weight upon one's mind, a burdenuponone'sheart. heartedness, anxiety.


    'l-1'WnbL'W'W nagnn' v A'l1J..I-- heavy-

    n:Sou' N pus.

    b'iJ'W'l-1'WeJ ~ penn:SotJ' V to produce pus, have pus.


    'W :1 Hl!'l-1'W eJ

    ~ , - - ~ phan'n:'iotJ', phan'n:'iotJfii' N

    to be steady, firm (as in

    vaccine.

    character, convictions, decisions).

    '!-1'\Jm'i~ d ~
    gonorrhea.
    'l-1'W eJ'W

    nagnuau' v

    to be strong, steady,

    unflinching.
    N 1. worm. 2. caterpillar

    (liT'd ) n:Son' (tua')


    2.
    ~~.

    wunww 1 nagnaa' so very much, extremely.


    --+Also
    ~

    (any hairless variety).


    &'

    -+Often lil 'l--

    --+Dis t.
    ..._.,

    'W n W\J '1

    -Syn. 2. lil1bbn1.

    'l-1'Wn eJ 1 nag'?1D' 'l-1'W ~


    1 AI
    'V

    &'

    V to be extremely heavy.
    d
    q_,

    'I.I'W'l-1'Wel'W kh1nn:Son' V to get wormy. l 'iJ'W 'l-1'W el'W penn :Son' V to be wormy. 'l-1'WeltJ n:Jj'* sV 1. a little, a little bit. C 2. a little

    ( bbr.J'W, fl'W, V'W, l s eJ ~ , J.J 1'W) natJ' N 1. skin, hide,

    leather (phE:n', phYJ'n', chin'). 2. co 11 o q. movie (r1au 1 , muan'). -Syn. 2.


    Jl1'YW'WlilS eleg.

    bit, a little while.


    A
    t

    -co mp. 'Welt!.


    2.

    Q1lJ'!-1'!Jl chaajnatJ' V colloq. to show a movie.


    r1 '!-1'\J ~ duunau' V to see a movie.

    'Wrl'l-1'WellJ nfdnoj' 1. little, tiny, small, wee.

    a little bit, a wee bit. o

    n'JWW~
    too'kwaa( ... )nidn:Jjl a
    ')'j eJ n '!-1'\J ~

    'IJ

    phlwnatJ' N skin.

    'llil n 1 1 ( ) 'W rl'l-1~ eJ lJ


    1

    f~ognatJ' v to tan hides.


    ( L n,

    little bit bigger than.


    bblJ'l-1'WeltJ jc:'nojl too bad; kind of bad. Gfn'l-1'WeJtJ sagnoj' a little.
    I

    1s ~'1-1'\J~

    lb~~)

    rootJnatJ' (rooD' hE:D')

    co 11 o q. movie (theater).

    Vi'\J~[il::;~~ (l~el~.Ln)
    (roou').

    nau'talutJ' N 1. shadow

    'l-1'WellJ'l-1'W~

    nojlnyt] for a little while; a little.

    play (r9aD'). 2. shadow play establishment

    on'!-1'WellJ ?lignojl in a little while, a little while

    557 'Vl'IH'\1Hi1
    'II
    ~

    ( b HH)

    na~JPhOud/

    (r9au/)

    N talking

    o ~Jei'U~fl'liei'U'Vl'IJ1

    ch~::~bnag/ch3::~bni1a/ V elab.

    picture, sound movie. 'Vl'l.H


    b~61~

    co 11 o q. to favor highly, like very much. N musi-

    d b~el~)

    nauphleeu/ (r9au/)

    o b~'Win b~'W'Vl'W 1 pennag/pennaa/ e 1 a b. co 11 o q.


    extremely, highly, severely, roundly, unsparingly. bb'IJ'IJ'Vl'IJ 1 ntnniia/ V 1. to be strong, tightly con-

    cal film.

    ww ~ b~ f1
    'VI~~~ eJ

    nau/l~dg/ the show is over.

    ( b~ :W) naus"YY/*

    (l~m/)

    N book.

    -+See

    structed. sV 2. strongly, securely. 'Vl'IJ 11il1 ni1a'taa' V to get thick (in number, as of a crowd). ->Ant. 'U 1 ~ lil1 . 'Vl'W 1 6 lil e1::; naa/t8? / to be very thick.
    1

    'VI~~. [8ei f. Chin.)


    b~IJ'W'Vl~~~el khlannaus"YY/ V to write.
    o

    1;::; biJ IJ'W'Vl~~ ~ eJ

    ( iil'J) t6?/khiannausyy/ (tua/)

    N writing table, desk.

    'Vl'IJ 1 U'W'W naa/ntn/ V to be crowded, congested, densely populated. 'Vl'W 1'Vl'W 1 n.1anaa/ V to be brazen, shameless .
    .., v v

    A'Vl~~~el duu/naus"YY/ V to study {by oneself).


    'II

    rl'J'Vl~~~el (rl'J) tuanaus"YY/ (tua/) N letter


    (written character).

    -Syn. 'Vl'IJ 1A1'W.


    v

    -..Ant. 'Vl'IJ 1'U 1 ~.

    ;'VI~~~ eJ 'II ..,

    ( ;) tOu/naus"YY/ N bookcase.
    'II

    'Vl'IJ 1

    'Vl'W 1 ) n.1a' (n.1a/) N 1. face, front. 2. (as


    ~

    h:::'Vl~~~el ( rl'J) t6?/nausyy/ (tua/)

    N desk.

    n. mod.) next; fore, front. Pp 3. in front of. 4. ahead, in front. C 5. page. -Opp. 2, 3. 'Vl61'l. -+Occasionally coupled with lil1 o o 6 ~ ei'IJ'Vl'IJ 1 dyann.1a' next month. b'YITV!'W1 tMawn.1a' eleg. forelegs.
    v

    ~el ~'Vl~'l ~ eJ th~u/nansyy/


    order to memorize).

    V 1. to study, do one's

    schoolwork. 2. to repeat (again and again in

    V1m;'Vl~~~el
    type.

    phim/naus"YY/ V 1. to print. 2. to

    n :W'Vl'W 1 kl'lmn.1a'

    1. to bow the head. 2. to

    Jl1"d-1'Vl~'l~el phaasaa/nans"YY/ N literary language.


    ;
    'II

    knuckle down (and do something) . ..., ns:::~f1'Vl'W1 (6be.J'W,'U1'W) kracog/n,1a/ N 1. windshield {phn'); short for f1 S::; '1 f1 'Vl'W 1 S Ll. 2. lens

    'VI~~~ eJ

    ruu/naus"YY/

    to be literate.

    b SIJ'W'Vl~'l~el rian/naus"YY/ V to study.

    of a headlight, floodlight, etc. (phn'). 3. front mirror (baan/). fl ei'IJ'Vl'W 1 k:,;:,nn.1a/ before, previously, prior to. N jourf111 'Vl'W 1 k.1awn.1a/ V 1. to step ahead, go forward. 2. to progress, advance, develop. fl1 S-- pro-

    'VI~ 'l ~ e1 b~'W't11 'l

    ( !QiJ'U , bA :w) nans"YY/ dddnthaan/ N passport.

    (chabab/, lem/)

    'VI~ 1 ~ e~V1:w~"'
    nalist. o

    ( QiJ'U) naus"YYphim/ (chaoob')

    newspaper.

    n 1 ~-- journalism.

    'Wfl--

    gress, progressing; math. progression. A'J1:W-( QiJ'U) nausyyphim'raaj::::: o


    'II

    'VI~~~ e~V1:w;s 1ll b ~ ei'W


    dyan/ (chaoob')

    progress, advancement. b ~ S61Jfl 11'Vl'W 1 carddn'k.1awn.1a' V. to progress.


    v v

    N monthly magazine. ( !QiJ'U) nausyYphim/raajwan/

    'Vl~1 ~ e~V1:w~"'s 1ll cl'W


    {chabab/)

    fl 'Vl'IJ 1 k(tu/n.1a' V to save face. 6 fl ~ IJ A'IJ01'Vl'W 1 kllad/namn.1a/ V to detest; to hate

    N daily newspaper. N

    'Vl~1~el b SIJ'W ( b~:W) naus"YYrian/ {lem1 )


    schoolbook, textbook.

    the very sight of (someone). bbfl'Vl'IJ1 kte/n,1a/ V to save face. 'IJ 1 ~ 'Vl'IJ 1 kh.1nn.1a/ in front, ahead; future, in the future; in front of.

    'VI~ 1 ~ 8 b11J'W ( QiJ'U) naus"YY/wian/ {chaoob') N


    circular.

    ;ei1'Vl~~~el ('Vlei'l)h~u/naus"YY/(Mu')
    library (in a home). WW 1 naa/ V to be thick.
    'U 1
    ~

    N study,

    'IJ1:W'Vl'W1 kh.1am/n.1a/ V 1. to bypass (someone), go over the head (of). 2. to disrespectfully

    A11 :W-- thickness. -'"Ant.


    &'

    ignore the presence (of). 'IJ 1ll 'Vl'W 1 khaajn.1a/ V to be disgraced, shamed. 'IJ'W'Vl'IJ 1
    &'
    v

    ~.

    'WflWW 1 nagnaa/ so very much, extremely. _,.Also

    kh~nn.1a'

    V to get ahead (of), pass, surpass. V elab. colloq.

    'Vl~f1WW1. NOTE. ~n and WW1

    are often used

    'IJ'W'Vl'W1'1J'Wiil1

    &'

    kh~nn1ia/kh9'ntaa/

    in split expressions as in the following examples.

    to be well- known, popular, outstanding.

    VI'W 1

    <9)

    558
    2. to

    VI'W 1

    <9)

    6'1J1VI'W1 kh~w'n~al V 1. to face, confront.

    1'UVI~1 bajn~a'

    N face, countenance. V to confront, encounter,

    meet with, be friends with. 3. to arrange pages in proper order, insert pages.
    Fl'W66'Uiilf1VI'W1 ( Fl'W) khon'plhgnaa 1 (khon')

    'lJ S ~ .f'WVI'lJ 1 pracan'n~al

    meet face to face.


    v

    -+Syn.

    u:JVbl!VI~1

    eleg.
    v

    N a

    'lJf1VI'W 1 pogn~a'

    stranger.
    v

    ..., ~lil'Vl'W 1 pha.dn~al V to powder the face.

    N front cover. -co mp. VI'W TUf1.

    Fl :l1 'dVI'W 1 khraawn~a' next time, on the next

    ;16VIilV1~1 (~'W) pMachedn~a'


    kerchief.

    (phyY-n')

    N hand-

    occasion.
    Fl'UVI'W 1 kh~bnaa'
    v v

    V to progress, to advance. N 1. looks, appearance (of

    L~Vbl!VI~1 phachddn'n~a'
    face to face ....... Syn.

    6F11VI'W 1 khawn~a'

    'lJ S ~ .f'WVI'W 1.

    V eleg. to face, meet ...,

    the face). 2. facial expression.


    I

    ~ t:Jn VI'W 1 phajag'n~a' V to nod in assent.

    "11VI'W 1 ca.an~a/

    1. to address, provide with a

    ~llf1VI'W 1VI1n '1 phajag'n~a'--!Jyg-!]yg' to nod the head


    up and down, nod the head several times.
    'WSeJ:tJVI'W1f1'lJ phr5:Jmn~a'kan

    heading. 2. to write down, put down (a name). 3. to be addressed to (followed by ~.:J)


    L Q~ 1 ~ Vl'lJ 1 chaph;S? 'n~al confronting, at hand,

    all together. N front teeth. ..... Also

    ~'WVI~1

    ( ~)

    fann.1a' (sti')

    immediate.

    Jl1 tJ VI'W 1 phaajn~a'

    in the future.

    1'W- -

    LQ:tJVI~1 choomn~a'
    countenance.

    N face, facial features,

    :tJ eJ:tJVI'W 1 m:J:Jmn~a'

    V to paint the face in order

    to conceal the identity. V 1. to shake one's finger at


    ilVI'W1 (1) miiln~a'; (2) miin~a 1

    ,ffVI~1 chfiln~al

    V 1. to dare to,

    (someone) (in reproach). 2. to point right at (e.g. the culprit).

    have the nerve to. 2. to have (such and such a) look; to look (thus and so); see example.
    "' "' v

    LV!i1Vl~1'il1111 cMddn~a'chuutaa' 'II


    to enhance the prestige (of).
    v

    V elab. colloq.

    o :tJVI'W 1 LAS 1 look sad.


    ilVI'W1illil1

    miin~a' s~w'

    to have a sad look,

    "li'liVI'W1 s6bln~al

    V to rest one's head (on one's

    miin~a'miitaa' V idiom. to be in a

    arms, or on the table, so that the face is -hidden) (as when tired).
    111 eJVI'W 1 t~::m~a' in the presence of, in front of,

    position of respect, esteem, deference.


    ~ 1VI'W 1 mO-!Jn~a'

    V to head toward or for deter-

    minedly.
    6~'WVI'W 1 mddn'n~a' V to turn the face away, to

    before.
    V
    I

    111 eJVI'W 1111 eJ lil1 t:'>::m~a't~:Jtaa' e 1 a b. co 11 o q. right

    look away.

    before one's eyes.


    til~ VI'W 1 111~~ lil1 t~-!Jn~alt1i-!]taal V e 1 a b. co 11 o q.
    "-' v v

    l~ 6 ~ eJ nVI~ 1 m~j!1agln.1a' l~l ;VI~ 1 m.1jwajln~a'


    tJ eJVI'W 1 j!bn.1a'
    d

    without excepting

    anyone; without discrimination. without sparing (the feelings

    to be determined (to), resolved (to), obsessed (with), intent.


    mVI'W 1 tiin~a'
    d
    v

    of) anyone; without respect for anyone. c


    0

    ll 0 q. to put on an expression

    V to indent (as a paragraph). V tostickone'sheadout

    feigning (e.g. ignorance). TIWW 1


    thtin~a::::

    6tJtJ:tJVI'W1 jtamn~a'

    in front of.

    to see; to look out.


    ~

    'lJeJtJVI'W 1 n5:Jjn~a' V to feel inferior (to); to be

    ~eJ:WVI'W1~eJ:WVI~1

    15:-Jmn~a'L):Jmla.-!J'

    V to surround,

    outdone, take second place.


    'W1tJVI'W1 (Fl'W) naajn~a'(khon')

    crowd around. N broker,com~ 1 '!VI'W 1 laa-!Jn~a 1 V to wash the face. d v d o '11~ 1 ~VI'W 1 ( 11) thtillaa-!Jn~a' (thti/)

    missioner.
    'll1f1VI'W1 baag'n~a' V to swallow one's pride and

    N wash-

    basin, washbowl.

    turn to someone for help.


    'll1tJVI'W1 baaj'n1ia' V to head for, head toward,

    face toward.
    L'll eJ 1 VI'W 1 b9a-!Jn~a'
    J'

    washbasin . ..., 'd'WVI'W 1 wann.1a 1

    one day, scme day, some other

    1 it. in the future.

    day. -+Used of future time only. -+Also 1'W--.

    VI'W 1
    I

    559
    VI'W1rl'J Lilu

    VI'W 1

    C9)

    i;i1UVI'W1 saajn~at V to shake one's head from

    n.altuamia' V derog. 1. to be a

    side to side, indicating a negative reply.

    sissy, be effeminate. 2. Sissy!


    VI'W 1 li1 1 n.ataat

    ~VI~ 1 s Iin~a/ N facial expression. o ~'W~VI~1 f)Tyn'siin~at to force oneself to


    assume a certain expression.

    N countenance, look.

    o VI'W 1 li1 1 VIJ..I fi1 bJ fi1 n.ataa I mbdcodl V to be handsome, good-looking, have a nice, clean face.
    V
    I

    "' "' o :l-J~VI'W1(;iflfi1 miislin~a'salod' to have a sad


    facial expression, to look sad. L~UVI~1

    VI'W 1 li1 1 i
    I

    ( VI'W 1 li1 1-:J) n.ataau' (n~ataau') N window.


    V
    I
    ~

    o :J.J1'WVI'W11i11i

    (W'W) m.an/n.ataau' (ph)Tyn 1 )

    sia'n~at

    V to lose face.

    N window curtain, window shade, drape.


    VI'W1'YJ:::; lfl'W n.a'thalen' V 1. to have a grin, a

    VI'W 11l ~ ~ fi11 'W n.akradaan/ N m i 1 it. rank, line.

    d'u.:JVI'W11l~:::;fi11'W riau'n.akradaan' V milit.


    to fall in, form troops in line.
    "'

    broad grin. 2. to be giggly. -com p.


    VI'W 1 'Yl
    d "' d

    VI~1 l ~'W.

    ( ! f.J 1 i ) n.athtil (jaau') N duty, function. ( fl'W, 'W 1 tJ)

    VI'W 11l ~ :::; fi11 "cl- ( VI'W 11l ~ :::; fi11 "cl-, VI'W 1 ) n.akradaad'

    l "l1VI'W 1 'Yl
    d

    c.wn.athtil (khont, naajl)

    (n.akradaad', n.a')

    N 1. page (of a book, news-

    N an official, officer, authorized person.


    v

    paper, letter). C 2. page, pages (ref. to the length of written materials such as letters, authors' manuscripts, etc.).
    VI'W 11l11l ( VI'W 11l11l , el'W) n.akaag' (n.akaag', ?an')

    o 'Ylo1VI'W 1 'Yl thamln.athtil to do duty (for), do the duties (of), serve the function of. o
    v d "' VI'WTYl'W~ l:l-J11

    n.athti'phonlamyau' N civic

    duties.
    VI'W1'U1'W n.a'baan' V idiom. to beam (with

    N mask, hood, cover.


    VI'W 1 l ~U 'J n.a'khlaw' V to look sick; to turn pale

    pleasure), to be delighted.
    VI'W 1'U 1'W n.aManl N 1. the area in front of a

    (as when sick or exhausted).


    VI'W1U"IH VI'W 1 bb 'l.I'W ('l.I1-:J) n.akh~u' (kMau')

    N shin. N "the
    v

    house. 2. facade of a house. 3. in front of the house. o tJ ~:::; lilVI'W 1'U 1'W pratuu'n.aMan' the front door.
    &'
    'U

    ( 'l.l 1 .:J ) n.a'kMm' (kMau')

    front of the arm," i.e. the inner part of the forearm, and the forward part of the upper arm .
    VI'W 1 l AJ.J n.alkhem' to have the face of one who

    ..,

    "'

    VI'W 1'U .:J n.a'bttJ'

    V to scowl, be stern faced, have

    a sulky face.

    drives a hard bargain, an unfair bargain, of one who exacts full payment (for debts owed, injuries in:t1icted, etc.).
    VI'W 1 i eJ n.a'u::>::>' to have an angry face, look sul-

    "' VI'W 1'U fi1 n.albuud' 'U


    face.

    V to have a sullen face, a long

    VI'W 1tJ n n.apogl N the front of the cover. -com p. tJ f1 VI'W 1

    "'

    len. o rhVI'W 1 i eJ thamn.a'u::>::>' to make a face expressive of anger, displeasure.


    VI'W 1 b QtJ li1 1 b Qf.J n.ach~ajltaacMajl e 1 a b. co 11 o q.

    o J11'WVI'W1'l.Jn

    (J11'W) pMab'n.apog'(ph.ab')

    cover picture.
    VI'W 1~fi1

    ( el'W) n.apad' (?an')

    N dial, face (of a

    clock).

    with a dead pan expression, i.e. looking expressionless, and as if nothing happened. eJ f.J 1 i - idem.

    VI~ 1 b~'W

    n.1a'pen/ V 1. to be given to mirth on

    all occasions (suitable or unsuitable). 2. to be all smiles. -com p. VI'W 111:::; b ~'W. ' VI'W 1W 1 ( bbVIi, ~n) n.apMa' (hu'. lOug')
    "-' 'U

    VI~ 1e(lfi1

    n.astid' V to be pale (of face).


    V to be brazen, shameless.

    N cliff.

    VI'W 1 fi11'W n.ad.an'

    VI'W 1 W1 n n.apha.ag' N forehead. VI'W1J..IJf.J n.1a'm~V

    -+Syn.

    VI'W1VI'W1.
    'U

    -Ant. VI'W1'U1i. n.1adam'n.1adeeu'-juu:::

    V 1. (one's) face to fall.

    2.

    Vl~1fi11VI~1LLiiH eJUrl'U

    to be crestfallen, have a long face.


    VI'W 1 J.J 1

    ka:::. . . co 11 o q. to be busily engaged in (e.g. work). Has the force of English "have one's nose to the grindstone."
    VI'W 1 lblil ~ n.aldu::u 1 V to blush.

    ( A'W) n.iamaa I (khon')

    N decoy (of people

    only).

    "' WW 1JJlil n.iamnd' V 1. to black out, have a dizzy


    spell. 2. to lose control of oneself, be blind

    VftJ 1

    (9)

    560
    61JtJ 6 t:JtJVftJ 1 :W pen' siannaam' to be enemies (of

    with passion.
    VftJ 1~'/J niamug' N front balcony, front porch,

    the state, of society): "to be splinters and thorns."


    v

    portico.

    t'I':JAVftJ1:W

    ( 61.itJ)

    lfiadnaam' (s~n')

    N barbed

    Vf~1l~

    ( AtJ, eltJ) niamaajl (khan', ?an')

    N
    d

    wire.
    VftJ 18

    crossbow.
    VftJ1t'I::-;VffliJ nia'lah~jl VftJ1cJ'd

    See entries below.

    V to look sad, depressed. N anthu-

    6'UfiVftJ18 byanaajl elab. to be tired of, bored

    (lii'W,Afln) niawua' (tlln',d:,;:,gl)

    (with).
    d

    Fl11:W-- boredom.

    rium (Anthurium), a handsome plant.

    6 VftJ flu VftJ 18 nyajnaajl

    to be tired of.

    "' "' VftJ 1 Lr'l ~ 1 nia/ sAw' V to look sad.

    VftJ 11 naaw' V to be cold (of the weather; of personal

    Vf~11Vf~1"lLiil
    ness.

    niajajlcajtoo' V to be lavish (e.g.

    sensation). --+Dist.
    ;;; 'lJVftJ 1 'J

    Fl11:W-- coldness, (the) cold.

    in entertaining friends); to be given to lavish-

    6~tJ.

    --+Ant.

    Hl'W.

    khiinaaw' V to be sensitive to cold weather.

    Vf~11 Vf~

    niamajl N 1. new face, newcomer, new

    Fl 'J 1 :W ~ fltJVftJ 1 'J khwaam'r5::>nnaaw' N heat and cold;

    one. V 2. to be a newcomer, new one, stranger.

    temperature.

    "' VftJ 1Vf~~ nialau' N the last page, the back page
    (of a newspaper); the reverse side (of a single sheet).
    VftJ 1 EJn ( VftJ 1 EJn) nia?og' (nAa?og')

    winter, the cold season.


    VftJ 1 VftJ 1 'J nianaa w I

    N c o 11 o q. winter, the cold

    N chest,

    season.
    VftJ01 in iJ'VftJ01J1 mfnamsam' co 11 o q. in addition,

    bust (body-part term).


    Vf8 1 :WVftJ 1 jaam'nia' V 1. to look down upon,

    moreover, worse than that.


    Vf'W nli' V to flee, escape. 'lJ 1bl!Vf'W khwannlil
    Q..l

    despise. 2. to speak disparagingly or contemptuously of.


    <i.J

    V to be startled, frightened.

    c::j.:::O

    Vf'J~Vf'W1Vf'H'Vf6H huaunAa'huaulau' v

    to worry

    o 'IJ'Jbl!Vf'WA~fl khwannlildiif~o' V elab. colloq. to be startled, frightened, scared out of one's wits.
    blflu'Vfil

    over two equally important things.


    Vl'J Vf'W 1

    "'

    ( Fl'W) hlian~a' (khon')

    N head (as of a

    department), chief, leader.


    Vf10Vf'W1Vf1ulil1 haajna.a'haajtaa' V elab. colloq.

    th~jnlil V to back away (from), retreat

    (in order to escape, get away from).


    r:.J

    to be away, out of sight, not seen by others. -Also


    I

    t'l ::-;'Vfit phla?lnii' V to tum away from, part

    Vf10Vf'W1,
    V

    with, leave.

    "' 6 VftJbbn'VI'W 1 hen'khnAa' to be partial, prejudiced.


    v

    ~ fi'UVf<iJ l~obnlil V to sneak away.


    .J

    6bVf~'WVf'W1

    ueenna.a/ v

    to lift up one's face.

    'J ~VftJ wtunlil V to run away.

    fi1TIIii8VftJ1 ?aathfdlnia' next week. Vf'W 1 lfl


    ( VftJ 1)

    Vf'il6fl1i'J~eJA nlil-?awtua'r~;:,dl to flee to safety,


    flee saving one's own skin.

    nial (nia')

    N co 11 o q. season
    b)~

    (of the year). -Syn.

    eleg.

    Vf~'U'Vf<iJ lobnlil V to slip away, escape (stealthily).


    ;;; Vf'W niil
    v

    Vf'W1'W1 nianaa' N colloq. rice-planting season. Vf'W 1 ~tJ niafon'


    9

    "'

    N debt.
    ( FltJ, 6 "l1 )

    N co 11 o q. rainy season. N colloq. monsoon

    6 "l1 VfiJ
    v v

    ciwniil (khon', ciaw')


    ;;; 6ln'VftJ.
    'U

    Vf'W1:W~I.i:W n~a'moorasum'

    creditor. -Opp.
    1eJ'Vf<iJ cMjnii'

    season.
    Vf'W 1 ~ eJ'W niar5;:,nl

    V to pay one's debt. V el eg. to owe, be indebted. penniilpensln' V elab. eleg.

    N co 11 o q. summer, the hot

    6DtJ'Vf'it pennii 1

    season.
    Vf'W 1 bb~ ~ nialteu' N co 11 o q. dry season. Vf'W 1 Vf'W 1 'J nianaaw'

    LD'W'Vf'ltLiJtJ~'W
    to be in debt.
    v

    N co 11 o q. winter, the cold

    6'1nww
    'U

    ( Fl'W, L 'l1)

    Hlugnii' (khon', ciaw')


    ;;; 6"l1Vf'W.

    season.
    'vl'W 1:W ( B'W) naaml (?an') N 1. thorn. 2. barb of wire.l
    ;;;

    debtor. --+Opp.

    Vf'W~tJ niilsln' N eleg. debts, liabilities.

    vrw

    :Jt

    561

    'Vi'W
    'II

    ~vrff~'Wrl'J:W!il'J

    miintisin'-thtlam'tua' to be

    'Vi'W~i'W b n 1 S eJ[)Ii11:W~'Uii1eJ~ nytJphan1-Uawr5ojl:::::

    "

    "

    deeply in debt, head over heels in debt.


    Vi'iJ'U nlib' V to nip, grip, pinch, seize with pincers
    d

    saamslbsootJ' Nm one thousand nine hundred and thirty-two; nineteen thirty-two (1932).
    'Vi'W ~ S eJ [), S eJ [J'Vi'W ~ nYtlr5ojl, r5oVnYU
    " " d

    or the like.
    'Vi'W 'I nytJ' nYU
    d

    Nm one

    Nm com. one. -Cf. eJ 1 [), b eJ n, NOTE. ( 1) Unlike all other nud


    d
    I

    hundred.
    "' d b'Vi:Wel'W'Vl'W~
    d

    '" lil b eJ

    'J 1 myan'nYtlw~a' as if, as though.


    I

    merals, 'Vi'W, usually follows the elf. In counting, however, 'Vi'W 'l often (though not necessarily) precedes; see the examples below. (2) 'Vi'W 'l is sometimes coupled with
    .. d

    eJ [) 1, 'Vi'W ~ eJ [) 1, 1lil jaatJnYtJ'jaatJdajl any thing, any

    kind, any way (of a given number of alternatives); either thing, either kind, either way.
    Q..'

    b lil [) 'J , q. v.

    "'

    el'W'Vi'W ~ el'W Llil [) 'J ?annYtl'?andiaw' one and the same;

    .J

    Q,.l

    o bliln'Vi'W Hl'W deg'-nytJ'khon' one child. o


    A~

    single, united, inseparable.


    eJ n 'Vi'W, ? lig::::: ... nYU
    "' d

    b lil n A'W'Vi'W, deg 1 - khon'nytJ

    ..

    a child, one child.

    1. the other one. 2.


    "' d

    1 'J'Vi'W 'I khraaw'nYD

    1. once, one time. 2. once,

    another; one more. See eJn A'W'Vi'W ~ and others among the subentries of

    on one occasion.
    I

    an.
    2. slang 2. to encourage. N (military)

    AS 'Vi'W, khrtlu'nYD (for) a moment. ~;::"' d !;:: .I d 'IJ'W'Vi'W'l, 'IJ'W'tl'Vi'W'l channYtl' chan'thtinYtl' first

    'VIillil n)ryd' V 1. to be viscous, sticky.

    to be stingy.
    'Vi'W 'W nun' V 1. to support, prop up. q

    class (accomodations ).
    11il 'Vi'W 'l See entries below.
    0

    1JAo111ilA01'Vi~'lfl1; chajl-khamdajlkhamnYtl 1 k~d~ajl

    n eJ ~ 'Vi'W 'W 9

    ( n eJ ~ ) kootJnun' (kootJ')

    reserves.

    You can use either word, any word.


    d

    no1i~'Vi'W'W kamlatJni:'in/ N reserve force, supporting q


    force.

    o 'lh::; n 1 ~ 11ilti S::; n 1 S'Vi'W ~ prakaanldajl -prakaan/::::; nytJ' either one, any one (of a given number of things). o ~1[)1fi1j;J1[J'Vi'W~ faajdajlfaajnYtl' one side or the other; either side; any side.
    'Wn'Vi'W'l phag'nYD
    v
    I I

    'Vi'W'Wtf11~
    q

    ni:'in'namcajl V to encourage, give

    moral support to.


    d

    'Vi~'W

    b'W eJ ~ ni:'in'n9atJ' V to bring up reinforcements

    (troops) in a continuous stream.


    v

    (for) one moment, a period of

    'Vi~'W'VifH

    nunlatJ' V to support, back.

    ~--

    backer.

    time.
    :Wel'Vl'W'l myynYtl' V 1. to be first rate.
    d .., d

    eJ lil 'Vi'W 'W ?udniin' V to patronize. q q

    N 2. one

    'Vi~:W

    num' N,C 1. young man; adolescent boy. V 2. to be young, adolescent (of men and boys). A'W-young man, a youth. -+0 p p. Gi 1 'J ,
    I

    who makes the first play (as in cards, tennis).


    b6 S :W'Vi'W ~ Ao1 rn:m'nYtlkh~m'
    d
    I

    N the first day of

    A'J 1:W-- youthfulness.

    the waning phase of the moon.


    v

    used of women. N youngman,

    'J'W'Vi'W'l wan'nYD
    'J'W'Vl'W~
    v

    one day.

    'lf1[J'Vi'W:l-l
    9
    I

    (A'W) chaajnum'(khon')
    I

    "1 wan'nYU-wan'nytJ 1. from day to day,


    d
    q

    a youth.
    'Vl'W:l-l&i 1 'J ( A'W, A) numsaawl
    'II

    from one day to the next. 2. in any one day.


    'Vi'W eJ [J'Vi'W 'l n~VnYD
    d

    N 1. young people,

    for a little while; a little. one ... -th (the fraction);


    I

    teenagers (of both sexes) (khon'). 2. young couple (khtlu').


    'Vi'W:l-l"]Gi1'J"] numnum'saawsaaw' N colloq. young q

    'Vi'W ~ 1 'W nYtl'naj:::::. . .

    one of, one in (so and so many). -+Use as a fraction is restricted to a few very common instances. o 'Vl'W ~ b'W'W'W nYtl'najphan' 1. "one in a thousand," hence extraordinary, rare, exceptional. 2. one thousandth (the fraction). o
    d
    '1
    v

    men and women, young people; teenagers. -+Also


    A'W--. 'Vi'W
    'II

    ( !il'J ) ni'iu' (tua')

    N 1. mouse, rat. P 2. I, me

    (used by children); you (used in sp. to children). T 3. title used before first names of children.
    :Jt 'l.I'Vi\1 khtinuu' mouse or rat droppings.

    'Vl~ ~ 1'W ~

    nYtl'najsli' 1. one of four, one in

    -See also

    four. 2. one fourth.

    examples below.

    VI'W

    562
    o '1J'Wd-J'1JVI'W khan6m'khtinuu' N a kind of sweet
    'IJ

    'IJ

    Jt

    ~ 1l'J'VId-JA
    1;

    d.ajmod' to spend all one's money. com. all (of it, of them), the
    ~

    food. o
    'fl~n'tJVI'W
    'IJ

    'I'H'VId-JA tha:gmod'

    "

    Jt

    phrigkhtinl1u' N bird pepper, a tiny,

    whole lot. -+Cf. 'l'l nJ 1 l o 'l'l ~ Vld-JA A1 l'J n'W thci:gm0d'd11ajkan' altogether. o S'Jd-J'I'll'VId-JA ruam'tha.:gmod' altogether.
    iJA1'Yl;1VId-JA pld'fajfaa'-mOd' to turn out all the
    ~
    ~ ~

    very hot variety of chili.


    fl~VI'W
    ' 'IJ

    khunntlu' P 1. you; he, him, she, her (sp.

    to or of a child; esp. used by servants of the household). T 2. title placed before the mime of a child; hence "Master -- ," "Miss -- ."

    lights.

    VIJ.JAn~'W

    modkllnl V to become odorless, lose

    ~1'1J'WVI'W (~'W) pMakhonnl1u' (ph)lyn') N 1. terry 'IJ


    cloth. 2. Turkish towel; washcloth.
    lld-JVI'W
    'IJ

    (its) odor.
    Vld-JAn:::; ~/iln::: l ~ mod'-kacld'kacaj' V el a b.

    ( fl'W) mtenl1u' (khon')

    N 1. you, she (sp.

    colloq. to lose heart, lose courage.

    to or of a little girl). T 2. title placed before the name of a little girl; hence "Little Miss--."
    ~ 1 s VI'W
    'IJ 'IJ 'IJ

    VIJ.JAn'1;~ mod'kamla:gl V to be exhausted, all in.


    Vld-JAn'1i~1~ mod'kamla:gcaj' V to lose heart,

    saannl1u' N arsenic.
    ( A'J) nuutaphaw' (tua') N guinea pig.

    be discouraged.
    Vld-J A l "/J Iii modkheed' V (applications) to be closed;

    VI'W/il::: lJl1 VI'W'WeltJ

    "'

    (fl'W) nl1un5:Jj'(khon')

    N baby,little

    to be past the deadline.


    Vld-JAfl 1 1J.J~'1l ~'W mod'-khwaam'campen' V to be

    child, little one.


    VI'W'U 1'\J (A1) ntluMan' (tua')
    'II

    N house rat. N field rat.

    no longer necessary.
    I

    VI'W'fln
    'IJ '

    ( A'J) ntluphUg' (tua')

    Vld-JA fl1

    modkh~a'

    V e 1 e g. to become worthless,

    Vld-J hom' V to cover, cover up (with covers, with

    valueless.
    Vld-JA ~A modcodl V 1. to be flawless, spotless,

    clothing).
    I I

    'W ~ 61d-JVIJ.J'Vl1 n11:glom'homfaa' V e 1 a b. co 11 o q.

    '

    clean, neat. sV 2. spotlessly, neatly.

    to be naked, in the nude: "to clothe oneself with wind and sky."

    o VI'W 1 lii1VId-JA 1 A

    n~ataa'modcod'

    V to be hand-

    some, good-looking, have a nice, clean face.


    o

    lq!l'VId-J n11:ghom' V 1. to dress, clothe oneself.

    u~ ~ A1VIJ.JA "l A

    tE::gtua'mOdcod' neatly dressed.

    2. to wear.
    V
    I I

    l fl S eJ

    ~--

    garment, clothing.

    Vld-J AA1 EJ rl'W modi d11ajkan' altogether. Vl:l..JAA1 modtua' v to have nothing left, be broke.
    "-' v

    ~ 1VId-J ( ~'W) pMahom' (ph}Tyn') N blanket; shawl.


    V

    Vld-J~

    homph~a'

    V to cover with a blanket or

    Vld-JA'W'1e:JA'W'111'W mod'-nam?od'namthon 1 V elab.

    shawl.
    VIJ.Jn mog' V to bury, place underneath, cover over.
    I

    co 11 o q. to lose patience.
    Vld-Ji11l'WeJVIJ.JAiil'J modnyalmodtual V elab. colloq.
    ,J'
    ~

    Vld-Jn d-J'W mogm11n' v

    cupied (with); to devote one's time and energy exclusively (to).


    I I

    '

    to be engrossed (in), preoc-

    to be penniless, lose everything one has.


    VIJ.JA'1J61!61!1 mod'panjaa' V to be at one's wit's end. VIJ.JA1J'6VVI1 mod'panMa' V to be rid of a problem;

    Vle:JVIJ.Jn

    ( Vle:J) h:,;:,mog' (h:,:J')

    N a Thai dish con-

    to free (oneself) from a vexing problem; a problem to be taken care of, solved.
    VIJ.JA b't.J~e:J~

    sisting of steamed fish or chicken in coconut cream and chili sauce.


    I

    mo.dplya:g' V 1. to consume, use up,

    o l eJ eJ eJ e:J'VIe:JVIJ.Jn ?dd?:J:J'h:,:Jmog' V e 1 a b.
    co 11 o q. to agree, approve, go along with.
    Vld-JA modi V 1. to be all, be used up, exhausted

    lose, waste (e.g. money, time, resources). 2. to be consumed, used up, lost, wasted. NOTE. In this expression the thing consumed need not be expressly stated. See the following example.

    (in supply). sV 2. up, all up, completely, entirely, thoroughly. --Dist.

    l~S~.

    --Comp.

    ~'U J'W.
    ll'W( )VId-JA kin( ... )mod' to eat (something) up,

    o n 1.s l A'W'I'l1l fl s 1 'J~Q'WVIJ.JA l L.J~ eH 1L.J ll'J 8::: kaan'::::


    dddnthaa:g'- khraawnfi' chan'modplya:g'-pajj8? 1 ~ I spent a lot (of money) on this trip.
    VI:J.JA 1 L.J mod'paj

    eat (something) all up.

    V to be used up, consumed, out

    563

    of stock.
    'VI:l.J(il

    'VI:l.J1fl'VI:l.J muadmuu' c
    'II

    group, category. N 1. com. doctor. 2. eleg.

    s 1 Fl1 mod'raakhaal v c 0 m. to become


    modn:eu'

    'VI:l.Je:J

    GJ

    Fl'W)

    m3o' (khon')

    worthless, valueless.
    'VI:l.Jf1b6~ ~

    slang
    :l.Jfl'VI:l.Je:J

    fellow, guy. --Syn. 1. ll'l'lm.J m6d'm3o' (khon')

    to be exhausted, lose all

    (Fl'W)

    N colloq.

    one's strength or energy.


    'VI:l.Jr1b6WJ modltew' that's all (there is), it's all

    doctor.
    1n'VI:We:J

    (1H,ll~~)
    (Fl'W)

    rooum:So 1 (roou 1,hu 1 ) N

    gone.
    'VI:l.J(il 61 iil1 mod'weelaal the time is up.

    hospital, clinic (usually a private one).


    'VI:l.JeJFl11:l.J

    m:Sokhwaam' (khon') N colloq.


    'VI:l.Je:JbleJU'VI:l.JeJFl11:l.J elab.

    'VI:l.J(il~~ mod'satl?l

    to lose consciousness.

    lawyer. -Also colloq.


    'VI:l.J eJ r1
    'II

    'VI:l.Jfl~ilu mbd'sam.[jl V to be out-of-date.


    --syn.

    -syn. TI'W1UF111:W. m:Soduu' (khon')


    N fortuneteller.

    iil1~ilu.
    V 1. to be exhausted, used up,

    ( Fl'W)

    'VI:Wfli'W mod'stn'

    'VI:W eJ lil1

    ( Fl'W)

    m3otaal (khonl) N com. eye doctor. m:Sotamjee' (khon') N colloq.


    ~~ ~

    spent. 2. to end, be over, finished.


    'VI:l.Jfl'VI'W'I11~

    'VI:l.Je:Jiilo1lbU

    (Fl'W)

    mod'honthaau'

    to have no way,

    midwife. -s y n. ..,
    'VI:l.J eJ bl eJ U'VI:l.J eJ Fl11 :l.J

    Fl SS Jl e 1 eg.
    m5oth~jl m:Sokhwaam'

    no means (to do something).


    'VI:Wfl'VI1
    ~

    ( Fl 'W )

    modwau'

    to be hopeless; to have no

    (khon')
    'VI:l.J eJ l ~e:J'W

    N elab. colloq. lawyer. -+Also

    hope.
    'VI:l.Jflel1U modl?aaj(J?I V to expire, terminate .

    'VI:l.J eJ Fl11 :l.J c 0 11 0 q. ( Fl'W)

    m3othyan' (khon')

    N quack, i.e.

    'VI:l.JfleJ16i'Uii11UeJU1n mbd'?aalajl-taajjaag'

    an unauthorized physician.
    'VI:l.J e:J'W 1 r1
    ( Fl'W) m3on0ad' (khon')

    e 1 a b. co 11 o q. to lose all hope, be in despair, be utterly discouraged.


    'VI:Wf11e:Jn1f'l modl?ookaad'

    N masseur,

    _..Also 'VI:l.J f1 eJ 1 iil U

    masseuse.
    'VI:l.J eJ'lJ ~::: n 1 F'i\lu,JIii~
    ( Fl'W)

    to have no more

    m:Solprakhsaniilja~d'

    opportunity.
    l 'VIl"Je:J'Wrl'W'VI:l.Jfl myan'kanmod' to be all alike, all

    N certified doctor, physician.

    ..,

    'VI:W eJ'lJ ~::: '(1'U 1'W 'VI:W eJ ~ 1 &1r1

    ( Fl'W) m:So'pracamMan' (khon')

    the same, altogether the same.


    'VI:W'W mon'
    I

    N family doctor.
    ( Fl'W)

    to be dull, gray.
    N 1. dull color, gray. V 2. to be

    m3o'phaatad' (khon')

    N com.

    ~'VI:l.J'W s!imon 1

    surgeon. --Syn.
    'II

    ~iiltllb'l'l'llU e 1 eg.
    ~

    dull-colored, gray.
    'VI:l.J'W'VI:l.Je:J~

    'VI:l.J eJ ~ 'lf1 U ( Fl'W, 'W 1 tJ) m3o'ph0uchaajl (khon', naajl)

    monm5ou'

    to be gloomy, sad, un-

    N com. (male} doctor. -Syn. 'W1Ull'l'lTitJ eleg.

    happy.
    'VI:l.J:l.J in 'VI:Wn'VI:W:l.J

    'VI:l.Je:J~'VI[U~
    'II

    (Fl'W)

    m3o'ph0ujl1J'(khonl) N com.
    ~

    magmom'

    1. to be left to accu-

    woman doctor. -+Syn. 'W1tlll'l'l'lltJ'VI[U~ eleg.


    'VI:l.J e:Jorl'W ( Fl'W)

    mulate (e.g. of garbage, of dirt and perspiration on the skin). 2. to allow (something) to accumulate.

    m5ofan' (khon') N com. dentist.

    -Syn. TI'Wiilll'l'lTIU eleg.


    'VI:l.Je:JU1 ( Fl'W)

    m3ojaa' (khon') N colloq. medical

    'Vim n ( 1'U) muag' (bajl) N hat, cap.


    6iJ f1 'VI:l.J 1 n pa;:ldmuag' V to remove one's hat as

    doctor, physician.
    'VI:l.JeJ~eJ'WA1~'W1

    (Fl'W) m3o's:Sonsaasamla' (khon')

    a sign of respect.

    N missionary. N sun bel'VI:l.J eJ ~lil1 'VI:l.J eJ lfl


    "'

    '0:l.Jdnn:::1~
    met.
    'VI;.Jd nb6nLJ 'VI:J..Id n'~ 1 ~ 'VIl.Jd n ~ 1'W

    (l'U) muagkaWo' (bajl)

    ( Fl'W) m3osad' (khon')

    N veterinarian.

    in 'lJ iil1 'VI:l.J 8 ( R 1 ) plaam5ol (tua') N climb-

    ( 1'U) muagktb' (bajl)

    N cap. [f. Eng.] N straw hat. N plaited hat, 'VI:l.J eJ

    ing fish (Anabus), a common fresh water fish.


    ( 1'U ) m~o' (bajl} ( 1'U, fln )
    'II

    (l 'U) muagfaau' (bajl)


    ( 1'U) muagsaan' (bajl)

    N cooking pot.

    'VI;8 l Fl ~ 8'U

    m~okhl?ab'

    (bajl, lOug') N

    woven hat.
    'VI:l.J 1 (i1 muad' c

    enamelled pot. section, group, category; platoon.


    'VI;8 A'W ( iil n , 1'U)
    'II

    m~odin'

    (lOugl, bajl} N earthen

    564

    pot.

    'Vi:Wel:W L'11

    ( eJ

    ~A)

    momdtaw' (?o:o') N 1. a prince

    "' "' "' 'Vi:W eJ'll1 ( 'Vi:W eJ, 1'U) m~::maam' (m~::>', bajl) N
    water pot; boiler; water heater; radiator (of a car).

    or princess who is in the grandchild generation of royal descent, or treated as such. T 2. Prince --, Princess --. --+Abbrev. :W. '1

    'Vi~el 1'\'l ('Vi~el) m~::>fajl (m~::>')


    battery.

    N 1. meter for

    'Vi~el:WQ'W

    momchan' eleg. def. w. sp. I, me (used


    I

    recording electrical consumption. 2. storage


    I

    in addr. royalty). -comp. ns:::'Vi:Wel:W). -Syn. See 'Vi:Wel:WS 1'11'.1 ~A t:J:W


    ll.

    'Vi:WeJn mo::>g' N fog, mist. jj'Vi:we:Jn miimo::>g' to be foggy. 'Vi:WE}n L'V'l~ ~ mo::>gphlddD' N nebula.

    momr~adchawou'

    N 1. great-

    grandchild of a king. T 2. title used before the first name of same. -Abbrev. :w. s. 'J.
    I

    'Vi:We:J~

    m:S::>:o' V to be sad, depressed.

    'Vi:We:J:W'Vif1'J

    m~mluau'

    N 1. great-great-grand-

    d7'J'Vi:We:J~ muam:S::>:o' V to be tainted, stained, tar-

    child of a king. T 2. title placed before the first name of same. -Abbrev. :W. Sl.
    ~

    nished. -Often used in respect to one's name. 'Vi:W'W'Vi:We:J


    ~

    monm:S::>:o'

    to be gloomy, sad, unhappy.

    'Vi:Wn mag'

    1. to leave (something) to ferment. 2.

    'Vi:We:J~b"l m:S::>:ocajl V 1. to feel sad, depressed. 2.

    to let (something) stand (e.g. clothes in soapy water). 3. colloq. to let (something) accumulate or pile up. ferment. L~eJ'VidTn chyamag' N yeast. 'VidJn L~el magchya' N 1. culture (mold, fungus, yeast, germ, bacteria, etc.). V 2. to ferment. n 1 s-- fermenting, (the process of) fermentation. VldTn lilel ~ magd::>::>:o' n 1 S-- leaving (something) to

    to be in dissension (with), in dispute (with), have a rift. 3. to be upset, be angry, brood (over a rift, dispute, etc.). 'Vi:W e:J ~ 'Vi:W 1 ~ m:S::>umaau' V 1. to be flawed, marred, blemished. 2. to be in dissension (with), in dispute (with), have a rift. 3. to be upset, be angry, brood (over a rift, dispute, etc.). 'Vi:We:J'W

    to preserve or pickle by

    (b'U,~el'W)

    m:S::>n' N 1. pillow (bajl). 2.


    (th~::>n').

    slow fermentation. VldTn'Vi:W:W magmom' V 1. to be left to accumulate (e.g. of garbage, of dirt and perspiration on the skin). 2. to allow (something) to accumulate.

    railroad tie, sleeper

    'll f1 e:J n 'Vi:W e:J'W ( lu, 'lJ f1 eJ n) plo::>gm:S::>n' (bajl, plo::>g')


    N pillowcase.

    1~VI:We:J'W maajm:S::>n' N railroad tie, ;:W'Vi:Wel'W'Wel'WL~el 16mm:S::>n'n::>::>nsyal


    of illness.

    sleeper. V elab.

    'Vi:Wiil VldTiil

    <9)

    (M'J) mad/ (tua')


    (

    N flea. N 1. fist. 2. punch.

    ll

    VldTiil) mact' (mad')

    colloq. to fall sick, be brought to bed because

    no1'Vid71il kammad' V 1. to clench one's fist. N 2. fist.

    'Vi~e:J'W

    monl* N white mulberry, the leaves of which

    'VidJiilL~Iil ('VidJiil) madded' (mad') N decisive


    punch, knockout blow. L'Vi'.ltH'Vi:Wiil wlaumad' V tothrowapunch . 'VidJ'W in b'iJ'lJ'VidJ'W
    JJ-

    are eaten by silkworms (Morus alba). 'Vi:W el'U mo::>b' V to crouch, prostrate oneself.

    ..,

    'Vi:We:J'US1'UA1'UUn'J

    mo::>br~ab'kMabktew'

    V elab.

    penmAn' to be sterile, useless,

    colloq. to give in, surrender, yield completely. 'Vi:W e:J'U f11'W mo::>b'laan'
    I

    fruitless, futile. 'Vi:W'W VI:W'W


    <9)

    to crouch with fear.


    '-'

    man' in

    v
    J-

    to be diligent, industrious.
    ..,

    VI:We:J:W m:Jmi*N 1. wifeofa 'Vi:Wel:WL"l1

    ora'V'lS:::e:J-HI

    ll

    'Vi:W'W 161 mans~jl V to be disgusted (with

    L6l1 . T 2. title used before the name of such a person. 3. title used before the first name of
    I 0

    someone), disapprove (of someone) (usually because of some unwarranted or unreasonable action or attitude) . 'Vi:W'W
    I

    a 'Vi:We:J:WS1'1J'J Hi

    or a 'Vi:We:J:W'Vif1 'J

    ~.

    P 4. you,

    ..,

    she, her (sp. to or about the wife of a 'Vi:Wel:W L'11 or a 'V'l :J::: eJ HI L'11)
    I

    !:;

    m~n'
    !:;

    V to be engaged, betrothed. (khon') N fiance, fiancee. (wo:o') N engagement


    !:;

    5. you; he, him (sp. to or


    I

    A'Vi:W'W
    'U

    khfium~n'

    abouta 'Vi:Wel:W:J1'1l'J~A

    ora 'Vi:WeJ:WVIf1'J~.

    bb'Vi'J'W'Vi:W'W ( 'J

    ~) weenm~nl

    565 ring.
    Vl:W'U mab' s v c
    v

    'YI:W eJ 'l 'YI:W 1'l


    0

    m3:lumaau' V 1. to be flawed, marred,

    ll 0 q. with a quick, sudden motion.

    blemished. 2. to be in dissension (with), in dispute (with), have a rift. 3. to be upset, be angry, brood (over a rift, dispute, etc.).

    A'd 1 Vl:W'U khwaa'mab' colloq. to snatch, grasp

    quickly and firmly.


    Vl:W1 (rl'd) maa' (tua')

    N com. dog.

    -syn. i.i'IJ'CJ q

    Vl:W 1 'l1 'i maaucajl

    1. to be in dissension (with),

    eleg.
    Vl:W 1 n ~ 1 'l bl'W'W ( rl d ) maa'klaauthanl>n' (tua') 1.

    have a rift. 2. to be upset (over a rift, dispute).


    VIJ..11A maad' V to be almost dry, half-dried. VIJ-.11 t.1
    ( 1 'U )

    stray dog. 2. slang


    Vl:W 1 ~ 'l 'i eJ n
    ..,

    ..,

    derelict (person) .

    m<lajl (bajl) V 1. to mean, indicate,

    l'l'1 )

    maactuc~;:,g' (tua') N com.

    fox; jackal. -Syn. Gi'IJ'CJ~'l'ie:Jn


    q

    ..,

    have meaning. 2. to mark. 3. to aim at. 4. to expect. N 5. warrant, writ, summons. A'd1:W-meaning, sense .
    ni]VIJ..J1t.J ( Q'\J''U)

    eleg.

    '1:W1'U1

    (rl'd) maaMa'(tua')

    ...

    N maddog,rabid

    dog.
    I

    -Syn. 6i'IJ'CJ'U1
    q

    eleg.
    N com. wolf.

    kodmaajl (chaoob') N law.


    V to expect, anticipate.

    'YI:W TU 1

    ( rl 'd ) maapaa' (tua') 6i'\J'CJJ1 eleg. q


    'II

    A1 AVIJ-.11 tJ
    d

    kh~adm<lajl
    v

    -syn.
    Vl:W1n
    <Q)

    lAs eJ 'l Vl:lJ1 t.1

    ( eJ'W)

    khryaumaajl (?an') N sign,


    v

    (1'U,~n.~H1,;'W,Ao1)

    maag' N 1. areca o

    mark, symbol, signal.


    d

    nut (bajl, Hlug', pMn'). 2. areca palm (tl)nl). 3. betel (kham') (essentially a combination of betel leaf, lime and areca nut for chewing). -Dist.
    'W~
    .

    lAs eJ -1 '1:lJ1 tJ n 1 n'U 1 '11

    ( eJ'W)

    khryaum<Iajlkaaka:::

    baad' N a cross, an "x" mark, a plus mark(+), i.e. any mark with crossing lines (including the fourth tonal marker
    +

    ).

    f\ 'W Vl:W 1 n
    'CJ'W'Vl:lJ1 n

    kinmaag 1 v

    to chew betel. N betel bowl

    lAs eJ -1 'YI:W 1 tJ A1 bl1 J..l khryaumaajlkhamtMam'

    '

    ( 1 'U) khanmaag' (bajl)

    the question mark. o


    lAs eJ 'l VIJ-.11 t.J A 1~ A khryaum<Iajlkhamphtlud'
    d
    0

    or tray for presentation to the bride's parents or guardians during a wedding ceremony.
    'tJ 1 d t.J 1 n Vl:W 1 n bb'W 'l kh~awj~aglmaagpheeu' e 1 a b.

    quotation marks. o
    lAs eJ ~ '1J..J1 tJ lil n 1 'i khryaumaajltogcajl the
    d

    famine or hard times to exist, food to be scarce.


    lb'i n Vl:W 1 n chgmaag' v

    exclamation point.
    "l AVIJ-.11 tJ

    s 1 a ng

    to punch (some-

    ( Q'\J''U) cbdmaajl (chabab')

    N letter

    one) in the mouth.


    lii'W Vl:W 1 n
    v

    (epistle). -Abbrev. "l ,J..I. N areca palm. o 'iAVIJ..J1tJl'Vllil q


    (Q'\J''U) cbdmaajheed' (chabab')

    ( lii'W) t6nmaag' (tl)n')

    'Wo1Vl:W 1 n nammaagl N betel saliva (i.e. chewed

    N written account, record (as of events), document.


    d
    I

    betel mixed with saliva, red in color).


    'W1'W'Vl:W1n
    <:
    ~

    v
    I

    (1'\J) phaanmaag' (bajl) N betel tray.

    'i AVIJ-.11 tJ q

    ( '11 ' bb VI 'l

    el'W 'i A ) cudmaajl(thtil, hD' q

    'YI:W 1 n l n'U maagkeb' N jackstones. Vl:W 1 n BJ ~ 'l


    k~bn')
    'II

    ?ant, cud')

    N destination, goal, aim, end.


    ( EJ'W, 'i A) q

    ( VleJ' EJ'W' n el'W) maaglfarau'

    (h~;,l, ?an',

    o "l AVIJ-.11 tJtl ~ 1 tJ '111 'l q (?ant, cud')


    'll'Vl:W 1 tJ
    d

    cudmaajlplaajthaau'

    N chewing gum.
    d

    N destination, final goal, aim.


    d

    Vl:W 1 n'W61 maagphluul N betel: "areca and betel." 'YI:!Jln tB in '1:W1nsn q

    ( ll'Vl-i , 'Y1)

    thtimaajl (hu'. thtil)


    I

    N 1.

    (Ro1i''U,nS~A1'W) maagrug'
    o
    v

    destination. 2. target (spot aimed at). 3. goal.


    'Y1'1:lJ1t.Jtl~1tJ'Y11'l
    d

    N chess (samnib' for sets; kradaan' for games).


    n s ~A 1'W'Vl:W 1 n; n ( n s:::: A 1'W, llW'W) kradaan'maag:::

    (ll'Vl'l, '11) thtimaajlplaajthaau'

    (hu 1 thtil)

    N destination.

    'WA'Vl:W1tJ nad'maajl V to make an appointment,

    rug' (kradaan', phn')

    N chess board.

    set a time or date.

    Vl:W 1 .:j maau' v to be in disagreement, be of oppo-

    :w eJ'U VIJ-.11 tJ
    v

    m~;:,bmaajl

    V to assign. V 1. to accept or

    site minds.
    'U 1 A'Vl:W 1 -i baadmaau' V to be in dissension (with),

    o S'U:WeJ'UVIJ..I1tJ

    rab'm~;:,bmaajl

    receive an assignment, responsibility, transaction. 2. to be in charge, have charge of.

    in dispute (with), have a rift.

    566
    JJ 1 WVIJJ 1 tJ ma.admaajl V to expect, anticipate,
    I

    temptuous of. Vl:iJ'I..I bVIJJ mlnmee' V to be precarious, perilous,

    intend.
    I

    q,

    ~U1tJVIJJ1tJ'IJ'Hl!

    mtluniaj/-maaj/khwan' V elab.

    risky. Vlil ( ~'J) miil (tua') N bear (animal).

    to intend harm, have bad intentions, bear ill-will (toward).


    I

    VIJJ mli' N 1. a type of thin rice noodles. 2. egg noodles. VI:J.Jfl S eJ'U
    d

    "'

    JJ~VIJJ1tJ
    9

    mtlumaaj/ V to have a definite purpose; Fl11 JJ-- purpose, aim, objective.


    ( ~1 , s(TIJ 'J'W) l@egmaaj/ (tua', cam:::

    to aim for. bfl 'IJVIJJ 1 tJ nuan')

    mlikr~ob'

    N crisp fried noodles (with

    N numeral, number.

    meat) (a Thai dish). "" VI:Wfl myg' N ink.

    VIJJ1tJ bnl;l!'fl., ( 1'U, QtJ'U) maajkeen' (bajl, chabab') N conscription notice. VIJJ 1 t.1 ;'1..1

    t!fl1VI~fl (~'J) plaamyg' (tua 1 ) N 1. cuttlefish


    (Sepia). 2. squid.

    ( 1 'U , Q't)'U)
    I

    maajkh6n' (baj/, chabab')


    d d

    IJ1flfl1VI~n.U:w (li11:J.J,el'W) paagkaa 1 mygsym'


    (da.am', ?an') N fountain pen. to be impertinent, insolent.

    N search warrant. VIJJ1tJFl'J1JJ('J1) (that).


    maajkhwaam'(wa.a~)

    V to mean

    Vl:l.J'W VI:J.J'W

    19!

    m)ryn' V s 1 a ng
    ..., d
    v

    .. VIJJ1tJFl'J1JJ6H

    l.l

    m)ryn' Nm 1. ten thousand. C 2. idem .

    maajkhwaam 1 thyu~

    1. to imply.

    o bbGi'l..l bfl1VIJJ1Hbt!lil'W'I..I sf:enl-ka.awm)ryn'-phd'phan'


    Nm 198,000. ( ~'J, el'W) mud' (tuat, ?an') small screw. b~:WVI:Wlil
    9

    2. to refer to. VIJJ 1 tJ eJ'U ( QtJ'U) maajcab' (chabab') of arrest.


    VIJJ1t.J1~ maajcajl V to have one's heart set on;

    N warrant

    Vl:l.Jiil
    9

    N tack, peg, very

    ( eJ'W, UU.J, ~'J) N pin.

    khemmud' (?an', l@m',

    to have a purpose; to intend. VIJJ1tJA1 maaj/taa' V to mark (something) with the eyes, take notice of. VIJJ 1 tJ ~ ~ maajthY1J~ to mean, have the meaning
    VI~'W

    tua')

    mun' V to turn, rotate, spin. N cyclone.


    9 "'9

    '1'1 1 t.1 VI:W'W phaaju? 'mlin'

    VIJJ'W ~ 'J munttw' V to spin fast. 9 VIJJ'W S eJ'U


    9

    of; to imply; to refer to. VIJJ1 tJIJ s::: fl1 A ( 1 'U , ~'!J'U) maajprakaad' (baj/, cha!Jabl) handbill. VI:J.J 1 tJ JJ'W'U'W:l.J eJ maajma.ntpa.nmyy' V e 1 a b. co 11 o q.
    J.,

    munr~ob'

    V to rotate, revolve, turn

    around. Vl:l.J'W b 1t.J't.J munwian' V to turn, rotate, circulate.


    9

    N written announcement, declaration,

    o
    "'
    v

    b1'WVI:l.J'W b 1t.J'W lJ8n'munwian 1 9

    N currency

    (money in actual use, in circulation). VI'JVIJ.J'W huamun' V to be confused, overwhelmed, 9 overcome (as by too much work, by excessive responsibilities, etc.). VI:J.J' U Vl:iJ'U See 9 VI:W
    '1J

    1. to resolve, have a strong determination (to

    do something). 2. to anticipate strongly.

    VIJJ1t.Jb~tJfl (~tJ'U) maajrtag' (chaoob')


    poena, summons. VIJJ1tJb6'1'1Jmaajl@eg' N number. VIJJ1tJGi ~
    J.,

    N sub-

    :l.I'U:iJ'U 9

    l.l.

    ( ~'J) muu' (tua') 2. slang s 1 an g

    N 1. com. pig, hog; pork.


    '1J

    ( b'U, Q'U'U) maajsau' (bajl, chabab')


    I '-'

    fool; short for Vi:WLfl~1cJ.

    V 3.

    writ, written decree or order. VI:J.J1t.J bVllil


    9

    to be very easy, simple.

    -..s y n.

    1.

    ( bbVI~, 'IJeJ) maajheed' (hu',

    kh~IJI)

    Gifl:l eleg.
    9

    note, footnote. VIJJ 1 t.1 See :J.J 1 tJ


    l.l

    'IJJ.JVI:J.J khommuu' V s 1 a ng
    '1J

    to browbeat a weaker

    or inferior person, to bully. A:J.JVI:J.J tl'lmmuu' V s 1 an g


    '1J

    Vl~'l..l

    mln' V 1. to insult. 2. to look down upon, despise.


    I

    to make a sucker out

    of someone, make a dupe of someone.

    lilVI~'I..I duumlni' V 1. to insult. 2. to look down


    '1J

    "' '1..11JJ'W'liiJ.J namman'mliu' N lard.


    "' 'IJ

    upon, despise.
    I

    -Syn. 1116lfl
    'UCU

    bi.JBVIJJ nyamuul N pork.


    "' '1J

    Vl~'l..ltJ ~::: JJ 1 '11 mln'pramaad' V to insult, be con-

    G'IJJ'U

    1VI~

    lom'Mamliu' N 1. whirlwind. 2. epilepsy;

    567 short for o


    d d

    vw n
    in which the stakes, consisting of pennies, small

    1 ~A- 'II
    'II

    L~A6l:W~1VI:W r~og'-lom'bAamuu' 'II


    N trapezoid.

    N epilepsy.

    cards, or marbles, are thrown or shot toward a hole or holes. ' Vlt.J el'W j:,::m', j~:m' V 1. to slacken, relax, loosen. 2. to lower (something). 3. to be lax. 4. to be inadequate, short, lacking (in). -+Cf. 4. tJ eJ:W <9J. ' "' raakhaa 1 -saambaad1 o nA181:W'U1'1'1VIt.JeJ'W8~~ F:m'salYIJ' the price is 3 bahts less a quarter (i.e. 2. 75 bahts).
    J
    I

    8 LVliiHJ:WA1 ~ VI:W

    ( ~LJ) slillam'khaaumuu 1 (r0ub 1 )

    VI:WL Fl n 'If
    'll

    ( ~1) muu'khooraad' (tual) N slang

    fool.
    Vl~bbliH
    Vl~"l

    mi:iudE:E:U' N Chinese-style barbecued pork. to be very easy, sim-

    muumuu' V slang

    ple.
    VI:W LVrl'\ biJ Al
    'II

    nmuuhed'pedkajl

    N colloq. meats

    t.11VIt.Jel'Wf111

    jtu'j~n'-kwaa:::;

    V todifferinsuperi-

    of various kinds.
    VI:W muu' C group.
    'II

    ority or inferiority (with respect to some quality, as size, beauty, diligence, etc.). -+See cross reference.
    ~A Vlt.J

    -+S y n. See 'W 1 n .

    A 11 VI:W daawmuu' N constellation. biJ'WVI~ LiJ'W bVI~ 1 penmuu'penlaw' e lab. in groups.


    'II

    'IJ

    el'W l6dj?:l:Jn' V to decrease, reduce, lower.

    biJ'WVI~"l penmuumuu' in groups.


    I

    VI~ eJ'W 1 "I j~:Jncajl


    recreation.

    V to relax, be at leisure, take

    'IJ

    VI:W Lf1 1::::


    'II

    ( VI:W, VI:W Ln 1:::: ) muuk?J? I (muu 1 , muuk?J? ')


    'II

    'II

    N a group of islands, archipelago. o VI:JH f1 1 :::::W::::~ 1t.J muuk?J?Imalaajuul pN the


    'II 'II

    VI~ el'W LVel n j~:Jnchyag'


    I
    ~

    V 1. to lower a rope, let

    a rope down (into). 2. to slacken a rope.


    VIEJel'W'Ulil~

    Malay Archipelago. o VI:Wbf11::::~'Wb~t.Jlil::::-f'Wlilf1 muuk?J?I-?indialtawan:::;


    'II

    j:,:Jnba.d' V to drop a ballot (into a

    ballot box).
    I

    tog' pN the West Indies.


    IJr'
    VI~'W

    VIEJ

    eJ'W~ ~

    j:):Jnllou

    1. to put down, lower. 2. to

    muunii' these days, nowadays, at present,

    slow down. 3. to slacken (e.g. a rope). 4. to decrease, diminish.


    ~

    during this time.


    VI:W'UTW
    'II

    (VI:W,bbVI1) muubAan' (muul,hf:u')


    'II

    VI [I eJ'WI1116l ~'W -1 f':l:Jntuallounau' to lower oneself

    <1.-

    village, group of houses.

    into a sitting position.


    I <r'

    Vl~l~ muumaajl 'II


    ( collectively). lW f1
    ,

    N 1. grove of trees. 2. plants

    VIEJ eJ'WeJ 1 s:l-JlJI

    j~:Jnl?aarom'

    V 1. to relax. 2. to

    be at leisure.
    VIEJAVIt.JeJ'W as in

    Vl'W-- jbgl, hlnjbg' N jade.

    Vlt.Jf1 11 in

    Vlt.if1"1 jbgjog' just now, just, recently.

    '

    l~VIEJAVI~eJ'W majjUdj~n'

    stopping, continually, incessantly.


    VIEJeJ:WblVIEJ:W j5mj~m'* colloq. to be

    '

    without

    VIU A jod' C 1. drop (as of water). V 2. to drip, drop.


    v

    VIEJeJ:W in

    sparse, scanty, thin. (WJiil) jodnaam' (jod') N drop of water.


    VIEJ el:W jom'* patch, cluster, clump.
    ~f1VIEJeJ:WVIbll1

    llt.Jmf1

    vW A tJ eJ tJ jbdj5:Jjl V to be superb, beautiful.

    thUgj:,mtjaa' idiom. everywhere,

    Vlt.Jelf1 j:,:Jg' V to kid, tease, play with.

    all over.
    VI [I eJ 8 <9J,

    l~VIt.J 8 n mijj~:Jg'
    Vlt.J eJ n[.1
    fj

    colloq. quite, really, very.

    '" eJ [I. VI [I

    See entries below.

    j:,:Jgl5:J' to kid, tease, play with.

    VIU eJ nVIU eJ [I j~gj3jl

    1. (hair) to be thin, sparse.

    "' elnlW "' eW j:)gj5jl V 1. {hair) to be thin, sparse. lHJ


    2. (hair) to be tightly curled, frizzy, kinky. 3. (foliage) to be thin, unhealthy.

    2. (hair) to be tightly curled, frizzy, kinky. 3. {foliage) to be thin, unhealthy.


    Vl~f1VIEJeJ[J jlgj:')jl V {hair) to be tightly curled,

    vm eJ A j:J:Jd' V to put some drops on, into.


    'U 1:W'Wllt.J eJ AlA HH
    ";;
    ~

    frizzy, kinky. lubriVlt.J eJ 8 li in VIEJ eJ 8 "1 j3jj5jl* sV nimbly, speedily

    namman'j~:Jdkh!Jau'

    eating oil, motor oil.


    Vlt.J eJA'W 1:W'W j:,:Jd'namman' V to oil, lubricate.
    W'JeJAVI~:W

    (of walking, running).


    VIEJ f1 ( W'Jf1) jagl (jag') V 1. to be curly, wavy. 2.

    ";;

    j:J:Jdlum' N a kind of gambling game

    to be toothed, serrated, notched, fluted, undulated

    568
    with pointed crests. N 3. tooth, point of a serration or of a wave-like design. rich and sweet, meltingly sweet (as of candied fruit, honeycomb, a woman's eyes). 2. (music) to be rich and sweet, gorgeous, mellifluous.

    ~ ~'WVltJn

    penjag' 1. to be fluted, undulated with


    2. bV'W ~n "] , bV'Wrr'W.

    pointedcrests. 2. to be toothed, serrated, notched. Vlll 1'U jaab' V 1. to be rough, coarse, crude (as of -Dis t. bV'WbbliW

    -s y n.

    surfaces, fabrics, substances). 2. to be rude, vulgar, crude, coarse (of action, speech).
    Flo1'VIll 1'U ( Flo1) khamjaab' (kham')

    VltJn l 'lJVltJn d-J1 jagpajljagmaa'


    ~

    1. to zigzag.

    2. to be zigzag, serrated, jagged.


    Vlll n ~ ~ jagran' V to be pulled high, hiked up,
    a,;

    N vulgar

    word(s), vulgar speech.

    gathered up (as of a skirt, trouser legs). NOTE. According to some speakers this expression implies that the lower edge of the garment is uneven, or has one portion pulled up higher than another.
    I V
    oV

    'W~"l1'VIli1'U1&1'W ph1ludcaa'jaabloon' tousevulgar


    'II

    or obscene language (often with humorous intent).

    vm 1'U Fl1 tJ

    jaabkhaajl V to be crude, coarse,

    vulgar, unmannerly (in speech or action).


    'VIll 1'U'li1 jaabchaa' V to be rude, vulgar (in speech,

    o 'W ~ ~ 1Vlll n s ~ n1lnph.1a'jagran' to wear (an item 9


    of) clothing pulled up high, hiked up, gathered up.
    VltJn An , VltJn 1 An jagsog', jags bog'

    behavior).
    'VIll 1'U'VIll 1:W jaabjaam' V to be rude and insulting

    (in speech, action).

    (hair) to be

    Vlll 1:W jaam' V 1. to despise, hold in contempt, look

    wavy.
    VltJn l~. See
    .L

    down upon. 2. to speak disparagingly or conVlll 1 n l~.

    temptuously of.
    'VIll 1'U'YW 1:W jaabjaam' V to be rude and insulting

    Vlll ~ jan' V to measure, fathom, sound (the depth)

    (of water; of feelings, thought) .

    (in speech, action).


    'VIll 1:WVl'W 1 jaamlnfta' V 1. to look down upon,

    vm ~1"1
    JI

    .L

    jancajl V to sound out one's thoughts and

    feelings.
    Vll1Hl1'11 jan'thftathiil V to sound out one's views
    "'

    despise. 2. to speak disparagingly or contemptuously of.


    'VIUn jlg' V 1. to pinch, nip (with fingernail or knuck-

    or attitudes.

    VltJ~ in ~'WVltJ~ jyyn'jad' V to stand firm, be


    steadfast, unyielding.
    V!tJ'W, b tJ tJ-- jan', j8djj1ln' V to mock, ridicule, jeer,

    les). 2. to be kinky, curly. -Dis t. 2.

    i eJ, &1 eJ'W.

    'VIUn'VIlleJll jlgj:Sjl V to be tightly curled, frizzy,

    kinky.
    'VIll n 'VIU n jugj lg' V 1. to fidget, wiggle; to be
    9

    laugh at.
    ',EJ'U"] jabjab' sV with an up and down motion (of

    fidgety, restless. 2. (handwriting) to be scribbled, scrawling, unsteady, shaky. 3. to be crooked, wiggly (as of a line).
    'VIlli jln' V to be haughty, vain, proud.
    b tJ eJ'VlU ~ j~djln'
    I

    the jaws).

    o b Fl tJ 'JVlli'U "] khfaw'jabjab' V to chew.


    I

    J/

    o 'W~VltJ'U"] ph1lud'jabjab' V to jabber away. 'II 2. to withdraw (something).


    V
    I

    Vlll 1 jaa' V 1. to divorce.

    V to be haughty, vain, proud.

    'Vlll ~ ~ tJ eJ i

    jln'phaj3::JD' V to be excessively proud,

    vleJ
    I

    nw 1
    v

    f:S::Jnjaa' V to sue for a divorce.

    arrogant, haughty.

    'VIll 1'W:W jaa'nom' V to wean.


    I

    'Vl~~ll161

    jln'jasoo' V to be arrogant, impudent.

    'VIll 1 s 1 ~ jaa'nian' V to divorce.

    'VlU'U jlb' V to pick up, take (up) (in the hand). 'VlU'UiJeJ jlbmyy' C small amount, pinch (e.g. of

    eJ~1An
    'VIll1n in

    jaa'syg' V to cease fire, cease hostilities.


    N cobweb.

    'VIll1nl~ jaagjftj' spelled 'VItJn l~.

    -Also

    salt).
    1 ..

    'VIll 1 ~

    ( b:w ~) jaad' (med') C 1. drop (as of water).

    ..

    'VlU'U lmH jlb'mftjthY1J' can't get it, can't pick it

    up (because it's beyond reach).


    'VIli'Ulln ( 'tJ'W) jlbj6g'(kh)Tn8)
    Q

    V 2. to drop, to drip.

    &'

    V 1. to bring up,

    "' 'VIll 1 ~ b! :W jaadj~dm' V

    1. to look honey- sweet,

    take up, single out. 2. to be brought up, taken

    569
    up, singled out.
    ~ d ' VI8'Ut.J'W j1bj~n'
    Vlt.J'UL~n'VW'U'W1t.J
    ~

    'J'WVIt.Jfil~1'W
    9

    wan'juduaan' N day of rest, day

    V to give, offer, hand over. jlbleg'jlbn:Jojl V elab.colloq.


    9

    off, holiday.
    Vl8fil'd::: .rn jud'chauag' V to come to a sudden

    ""

    to pilfer.
    'VI~:W. See entries below.

    standstill, stop short.


    Vlt.Jfil L~'W judd<3<3n' V 1. to stop in one's tracks.

    'VI~:W"l jlmjim' rM sparsely, finely; used with


    r.i'Wiiln "it's raining."

    2. to stop walking.
    ~

    Vlt.J fil'V'ln

    (A~~

    1;

    , VI'W) judpMg' (khrau'. Mn') v 1.

    o r-i'WiilnVI~:W"l fiSntog'jimjim' it's drizzling.

    to take a break, take time out to rest, stop to rest. N 2. time out, break, rest, recess . judpMg'klaauwan' 1. to take o Vl8filinml1~cJ'W 9 a midday break, a noon recess. 2. midday break, noon recess.
    Vl8 fil B~ judjiu' V to cease fire. 9

    'IW:W'Vl~:W jumjlm' sV 1. petty, fussy, trivial.

    V 2. to fuss about trifles. o


    VIU
    t9J

    d ~ L11~'Vl~:WVI8:W

    rJau'jumjim' triviality,trifle.

    jlil V (eyes, eyelids) to be narrowed, squinting, partly closed.

    lii1VIU taa'jii' V 1. to have narrow, slit eyes

    vW9 fill~~

    L S8'W jud'roourian' V to skip school,

    (as of Orientals).
    rhlii1VIU thamtaa'jlil to squint, squint one's eyes.
    9

    stayoutofschool. --comp.
    Vl8 filVI~ 1'W as in

    h~bS8'WVI~fil.

    1~VI89 filVI~ 1'W

    m.1jjudjon' without

    VI~

    L!:J.

    See entries below. N a type of tree which bears a sour


    9

    stopping, continually, incessantly.


    VI8'W in ~filVI8'W
    9
    9

    lii'WVIU tanjlil

    j~djun' V to be elastic.

    fruit.

    VllJ:WVI~:W jumjim' sV 1. petty, fussy, trivial. V 2.

    ~nVI8 ('V'l'H,~n,L~fil) lOugjli' N thefruitofthe 'U 'U


    above (phuau' for clusters; lOug' for individual fresh fruits; medl for the prepared fruit).
    lii'W-Vlt:HIVI8n (III'W) idem lii'WVIU.
    'U

    to fuss about trifles. o


    6 s 1 ~VI~:WVI8:W rJau'ji:imjim' triviality, trifle.
    d
    ~

    Vlll n juug' N medicine.

    --Chiefly in combination

    with 81.
    ll1VI~n, Vl~nll1

    jugjlg 1

    V 1. to fidget, wiggle; to be fidgety,

    jaajuug', juugjaa' N colloq .


    ~

    restless. 2. (handwriting) to be scribbled, scrawling, unsteady, shaky. 3. to be crooked, wiggly (as of a line).
    'VIt.J fil jud' V 1. to stop, cease, halt.
    9

    medicine.
    VI~~ hOoradii/ lit.,eleg. southwest. -..syn.
    Iii n L

    &l~Jt.!

    ~tJ ~ 1;

    com. ->The literary and the com-

    2. to pause, tak=

    mon terms for the eight chief points of the compass are listed under ~A.

    a break, take a vacation, be absent.

    LJ 18VIt.J fils Ll ( LJ 18, 66fJ'W) 9

    p~ajljudr6d'

    (p.iajl, phE:n')

    VI~ 1 in ~ mn- 1

    sygrjol V to wear out, be worn

    N 1. bus stop placard. 2. traffic stop sign.

    down, worn out.

    1~ ~ L S8'W'VItJ i1l
    9

    roourian'jud' school is closed, is

    "" 1 n ' VIs

    VIs 1 n rogl, rogl, roog', roogl Pt c

    m. parti-

    over, is out. -.com p. Vlt.J lill ~ ~ 6 St.J'W 9


    ~ 1 VI~ fil

    cle often used with statements of negation, contradiction, or those correcting a misapprehension. Usually makes a statement milder, less abrupt, or expresses reassurance. --Syn. filln writ. NOTE. VIS

    laajud' V to request or take leave of

    absence; to ask for take time off.


    cJ'WVI8fil 9
    9

    ( f'W) wanjud' (wan') (cJ'W)

    N holiday, day off.

    o cJ'WVItJfilS1cJn1S

    wanjud'r~adchakaan'

    vn

    may sometimes be rendered in

    (wan') official holiday.


    Vlt.JfilTln judkyg' V to stop suddenly, stop short. 9 Vl8filAfil judkhfd' V 1. to pause (in order) to think.
    9

    English by special stress or intonation somewhere in the sentence; see 1st example. o o

    2. to stop thinking.
    VI~ i1l ~ 1'W

    1~;HVI~1n m.1jt~u'rog~ That's not necessary. Q'W L1 ~VIS vn chan?eeu'rog~ It's just me.
    ~

    juduaan' V to stop working; to take a

    "" El :W b6 ViS "' :W , VI~ 1 :l-Jbb'Vl ~ :W r:Smrt:m' V to be scanty, VIS


    sparse.
    J.,

    vacation; to absent oneself from work; to go on strike.


    VI~~

    ( fl'W)

    ran'

    (khon')

    N Occidental. -.variant

    570

    of
    J.,

    ~
    +

    s~ .
    o 2.

    J.,

    -r;V- Has he gone home yet (or not)?


    d
    ~
    c:!4
    I

    liS~

    "11 ranc;Ial V to be very westernized.

    b:W8'd11Jt.!Flb1JJ.J1l!S8 b'\.Jlil1

    liS 1 r;la' sV 1. defiantly, boldly, flauntingly.

    maa'cyplaaw'L -r~- Did you come yesterday (or not)? o liS


    "'

    '

    m~awaan'nfi'

    khun:::

    gaily, in a lively manner.


    b ~1Jl!S1
    d~m'r;lal

    V to be conspicuously prom-

    ~ !:; 8:W91,~'W'W

    ryy'mfchanan' or else. -This is

    inent, flaunted conspicuously.

    used in formal contexts; a more common wording is


    'U

    b~1Jl!S1 daan'da' V to walk boldly, defiantly.

    liS 8 l-W -i -i'W

    "' l' ~

    !:;

    rym1jlja~man'.

    VIi~

    in

    b~!:Hlli-i'l

    b~tH)

    sian'rlnrln' (sian')

    o ~b81Yll!S8 duul-?awthii'cy'~ What is this? (rhetorical question). o


    b'iJ'Wl'\.JlrlliS8'W
    "-' "' d

    N a chirping sound (as of certain kinds of insects).

    pen'pajd~ajl-rynti'L -r~- Is

    li~JlblliltJ in b~8~li~JlblliltJ

    '

    Hariphunchai, ancient name of Lamphun.

    '

    myan'harfphunchajl pN
    0

    this possible? Can it be? (expressing surprise).


    ~'Wl!S8
    !:; "'

    nan'rY"'L -r~'-, -r~a 1 -.

    Is that so?

    liS rli' V 1. to dim, turn down (a light). 2. to

    Is that it? o l!S8Fl~ rykha'L r~a- w. sp. Is that so? -Also


    liS 8 Fl i''U
    VI~, ll~l!S

    squint (as from too much light). 3. (eyes) to be about to close.


    lil1l!S taa'rli' the eyes are about to close (as
    d

    m. s p.

    1 ri:iu', ri:iuraa' V to be sumptuous, luxu-

    when dozing off).


    S'Uli:J rfbrli' V to be dim, faint (of light). VIS lil1 rli'taa' V to squint (as from too much
    d
    ~

    rious, splendid, gorgeous.


    ll6l'lltJ harythaj' N lit. heart. lib] liS
    S~

    haryhan' V lit. to be joyful. 2. to forget.

    light).

    lllil-i lon' V 1. to get lost, go astray.

    VI~~ in 'W'Hll~~
    wreath.
    '1-1!8 (1)

    ('W'J~)

    phuanrlid 1 (phuan')

    N
    "-'

    3. to misunderstand. 4. to be infatuated, fascinated.


    "-'

    ryyl, ryl,

    r;V; (2)

    ryy', ry',

    r;V, r~a'; (3, 4)

    iilllil ~ ii~ :w khtilon'khtilyym'

    e 1 a b. co 11 o q.

    ~'L clal~ Cj 1. or. Pt 2. interrogative par-

    to be forgetful, absent- minded.


    lil:Wlllil

    ticle used in a yes-or-no question. 3. Is that so? (expressing surprise at what was said). 4. Well, well. Is that so-o. ? (mildly teasing response to a child's comment or request). -The usages given under 3 and 4 are short for -it.ll!S 8 They are normally employed only among intimates, the deferential (short) response being
    !:; "'

    '

    lO.mlon' V to be infatuated (with), madly

    in love (with), crazy (about). s Ianlon' the voice to be shrill, distorted

    b8tJ ~ lllil ~

    (as when highly excited or screaming). 2. the voice to be off tune, flat (as when singing).
    lllil -in lil
    "-'

    lonkon'

    to be deceived, beguiled.

    lllil Hl1 ~ lonthaa:u' V to lose one's way. lllil-i'Wo1111tJ

    l!S8Fl~, l!S8Fli''U.

    NOTE. The common and

    lou'namlaaj' V slang

    to be fas-

    colloquial pronunciation of this word as a conjunction is r;V; the pronunciation ential, and

    cinated by someone's words, believing them blindly.


    l!B~~rl lonphld'
    liB~~~
    'U

    ry'

    is defer-

    ryy'

    is limited to formal turns of


    liS
    "'

    toerr.

    phrase, such as

    .. liS 8 as a final particle, the common and collor~a'.

    ~ !:; e:JJJ!i/,~tJtJ

    (see below). For

    loufuun' V 1. to be in the wrong group.

    2. to stray from one's group.


    liB-iS n lou rag' V to be passionately in love,

    quial pronunciations are r8' and, with some exaggeration in connotation, The pronun-

    infatuated with, crazy over (someone).


    I
    o'

    ciation cy' is somewhat rhetorical here, and

    liB~

    b R'Wll lonsanee' V to fall for someone's

    ryy'

    is a formal spelling pronunciation. In


    liB

    charms.
    ~ ~lllil ~

    writing, r8' is sometimes rendered by b S 8 ~ , and r<'la' by o


    bliS 8. b'1.1 1l '\.J;11Jbb;'Jll! 8 t!~ khawpajMan 1 ltwcyjan 1 L

    lil1 lonhi:iu'lontaa' V e lab. colloq.

    to escape notice.
    lllil ~ Llllil lonlajl V to be crazy about.

    571
    Vl61'W lonl

    N 1. a kind of shrimp sauce served with


    J-

    vassal state.
    ti~Vlll'd ~ ch~uluan'

    raw vegetables. V 2. to prepare such a sauce.


    Vl61'W lonl

    C a unit of weight, equiv. to

    V to drop, fall (of leaves, flowers, fruit, --Syn.


    I

    600 grams.
    l1161nVl611~

    etc.).

    ~1--1.

    (Fl'W) talog'luau' (khon')

    N royal

    rtl ( ) Vll;'l'W tham( ... )lon'

    to make (something)

    comedian; court jester.


    bl'W'WVI61 'l ~ ( ~ 1 U)

    fall off; to drop (something) (unintentionally).


    Vl61'U lob'

    thani'm'li:iau' (saaj')

    N 1. public

    V 1. to duck in order to escape from dan-

    road, public highway. pN 2. Luang Road, a street in Bangkok.

    ger. 2. to slip or sneak away. 3. to hide. 4. to avoid.


    Vll;'l'U 111'1 lobtaal V to avoid (someone' s) eyes. Vl61'UJ.JJ.J lobmum' V to hide from, evade, avoid
    I

    "' 'YliJ~~'W1J.JVl611~ th:S:Jusanil.amluan' pN colloq.


    the Phra Men (Phra Meru) Grounds where official ceremonies are held.
    I

    -s y n.

    ~ ~ '1'1 ~:;; LJ.J;

    an unpleasant encounter or situation: "to duck into a (safe) corner."


    Vl61'UVl'W 1 lobn~a'

    'fl:;; L 61Vl61 1 ~

    ( '!1:;; L61, UVI~) thalee'li:iau' {thalee',

    hE.n')
    't11~Vl611~

    N a great sea.
    (~1U)

    V to avoid being seen, keep out

    thaauli:ian' (saaj') N highway.


    I

    of sight.
    Vl61'UVltJ lobnlil V to slip away, escape (stealthily).

    'WFl ~Vl61 1 ~

    ( 'Wfl ~, lbVl~) nakh:J:Jn'luau' (nakh:J:Jnl,

    hE.u')

    N eleg. capital{ofacountry).
    a'

    Vl61'UVJ~n loblligl V to avoid, evade.

    1'W Vl61 1 ~

    ( iJ Hl , '1'1 ~:;; eH fl ) najli:ian 1 (?ou 1 phni?on')


    a' a'

    VJ61J.JV161'Uilum~o1n1r-'1 (uvr~) lumlobphajlthaau~ q


    ?aaka.ad' (hE.u')
    Vl61J.J

    N co 11 o q. the king (short form). -See n'f}lil ~U.


    'U 1 '!1Vl61 1 ~ , '1'1 ~:;;- -

    N air- raid shelter. N mud, muddy place.

    ( iJ ~ Fl) baadluan'. phni? 'baad~

    ( bbVl~) lorn' (hE.n')

    luau' (?on')

    N 1. Roman Catholic priest or

    ~li1Vl61:W tldlom' V to get caught in the mud.

    monk. 2. any robed Christian clergyman. -Also spelled


    'U1filVl611~.

    Vl~m1n

    lomsag' pN Lomsak, a township in NE

    Thailand.
    Vl61 'd ~ luau'

    L:i'JUVI611~

    (Fl'W) mialuau'(khon')

    N lawfulwife,

    N 1. government. 2. (as n. mod.) royal.

    the first wife.

    T 3. next to the lowest conferred title for government officials, above 'iJ'W and below '1'1 ~:;; q 4. element used in combination with certain relationship terms to designate priests who are related to but older than the speaker; see examples below, and also the entry Vl61 1 ~ '1'1 iJ which

    L~iJ~Vl611~

    ( L~iJ~) myanli:iau 1 (myau 1 )

    N com.

    capital (of a country).


    u 1l111 S1 Vl61 1 ~

    "' --Syn. 51'W

    eleg.

    ( 'iJ'W 1'W) jaa'-tamraa'luau 1 (kha::::

    naanl)

    N drugs prepared by the Department

    of Public Health.

    ~ bl1 'WVI61 1 ~ r6dfajluan' N Royal State Railways.


    --+Abbrev.
    ~. 'W. 61.

    in addition has more general application. V 5. to be great (of restricted usage). o Vl61 1
    d ~'1'1
    a'

    LsHSU'WVl61'l~ (1Hd'u'W,bb~~)
    N 1. a priest (roourian', hE.u') school. -op p.
    1n b VJJ.J iJVl61 1
    I

    roourian 1 li:iau 1

    ( iJ ~ Fl) luanphtil (?on')

    N co 11 o q. government
    1 H L U'W S1 'el1

    who is one's older brother. P 2. you; he, him (sp. to or of such a priest). T 3. title placed before the name of such a priest.
    a'

    s
    --1

    ~--.

    -s y n.

    [J 'W
    (

    sj 'U 161

    Fl'W) m3:Jluau' (khon') N royal doctor.

    o Vl61 1 ~ 61 I

    ( iJ ~ Fl) luaulun' (?on') N 1. a priest

    Vl61 1 ~'1'1 iJ

    ( iJ ~ fl) li:ianph~:J' (?on')

    N 1. a venera-

    who is one's elder uncle. P 2. you; he, him (sp. to or of such a priest). T 3. title placed before the name of such a priest.
    'iJ1Vl611~

    ble priest (commanding respect by virtue of high office or great age). 2. a priest who is one's father. 3. the largest Buddha image in a temple. N P 4. you; he, him (sp. to or of a priest as defined above). T 5. title placed before the name of such a priest. nN 6. nickname for a person of high character, with a saintly disposition.

    (f1'W,'W1U) kMaluan' (khon 1 ,naajl)

    1. royal servant (esp. female), lady in waiting.

    2. governor (of a changwat). 3. commissioner.


    l 'l1Vl61 'l ~ ( iJ ~ Fl) c.awluau' (?on')

    N king of a

    572

    1mUViGJ '.l ~
    ViGl'.l:fWS:::'U1~

    jajluau' V to be tremendous, enormous,

    ViR el'W l~n/* P 1. writ. she, her. 2. you (royal

    major, grave, serious.


    v

    person sp. to a common woman).


    I

    luauphrlibaau' pN Luang Prabang,

    L'i 1Vi~ el'W ctlwl?:ln' P writ. she, her. ViR e:JJJ


    13::~m'

    a city in Laos.
    ViGl '.JJJ luam' V to be loose, too large, baggy.

    V to melt, fuse (metal).


    ( ~ ~) cud'l3::~mtua' (cud') N melting

    ~ ~VIGJ

    el:Wiil '.l

    "'

    "' luamtua/ V idiom. to have gotten so ViR'.JJ.Jiil'.l

    point.

    deeply involved (in something) that one is unable to back out.


    'j!jGJ '.l J.j hn n luamphrllog/

    "' nVI~ eJ :w legl3::~m' bVi~


    VIGJ::: in VIGJ::;VIGJ'.l:W

    N pig iron.

    la?luam' V 1. to be careless,

    to be very loose,
    "' VIRn

    negligent. sV 2. carelessly, negligently.


    (Vi~n)

    too large, very baggy (as of garments).


    ViR'.JW] luamluam' sV loose, loosely.
    Vi~::: ViGl

    lag'(lag')

    N 1. pole,pillar. 2. prin-

    ciple; basis. 3. (one's) footing.

    '.l JJ la?luam' V 1. to be careless, negligent.

    1TnV~6ln paglag' V 1. to drive a post or stake.


    2. c o 11 o q. to dig in, settle down.
    ;Vi6ln
    'IJ

    sV 2. carelessly, negligently.
    Vi~

    eJ. See entries below.

    ;1 VI~
    'IJ

    phOulag'phOujaV N e 1 a b. co 11 o q.

    ~'W'J!iGl eJ
    VI~

    ( ~)

    fanl3::~/

    (sti/) N a worn -down tooth.

    (one's) superiors, elders. ---See

    ;1 VI~.
    'IJ

    "" e:JVI~ eJ LVi'l


    eJ
    1~::~'

    lyal3::~'

    V to be left, remaining.

    Gl~VIin1Tnnn loulag'pagrtlag' V elab. tolay


    the foundation (of a building).
    b gtJVIin siaiag' V to lose one's footing, foothold;

    V 1. to cast (in a mold). 2. co 11 o q. to

    be handsome (of males only). 3. com. to be immersed in, covered with, surrounded by a liquid (as a means of cooling or to protect against rust or insects).
    n1SVI~el~'W kaanl~:Jl~/
    I

    to lose one's balance.


    mi'nn1s (m1nn1s ,'Ue:J}

    lagkaan' (lagkaan',kh~b')

    N principle.
    VI~

    N lubrication.

    n L nbll.'fl ( 'U eJ) Iagkeen'

    ..

    "

    (kM::~')

    N rules.

    stlViR eJ rilubl~::~/ V co 11 o q. to be handsome


    'U

    Vlin'litJ Utgchaj/ N goal, destination.

    (of males only).


    q
    I

    Vlin~ 1'W IagtMan/ N 1. basis, foundation. 2.


    N cast iron. evidence, testimony, proof. 3. c o ll o q. wealth . o 1 'L11Yl61 'i'WViin ... ~ 1'W wfchaa' -phfsuud'lagtMan' 'IJ N criminalistics, dealing with the examination of physical evidence.

    LVIGJ n VIGJ eJ legl~::~'


    Vi~

    eJ n

    l~::~g/

    V 1. to trick, deceive, fool. 2. to scare.

    ..

    3. to show defiance, insubordination or ridicule (usually by making a face or defiant gesture).

    " bbR'Ufl'WViR e:Jn ltEblfn'-l~::~g' to stick one's tongue


    out (at).
    'j!jGj eJ n Gl '.l
    ~ l~:Jgluau'

    VI inTI i'Yw..

    ( eJ ~ 1 'I)
    v

    lagsab' (jaau')

    N property,

    possessions or holdings used as security.

    to dupe, deceive.
    l~::~gl3::~n', 13::ml~::~g'

    Vl6lntJ~'lJ~ ('Ue:J) lag'patibad'(kh~b')

    N 1. prin-

    VIGJ eJ n ViGl e:J'W, VIR e:J'WVIR eJ n

    ciples of conduct, of procedure. 2. practice (as opposed to theory). -+Op p. 2. Vi6ln 1'll1.
    ViintJs:::rl'W lag'prakan' N security, surety, col-

    to scare, spook, haunt.

    for certain tube-like objects, spools, etc.; for substances in tubes (as of toothpaste).
    A1tJVIfleJA (VIReJA) dtlajl~::~d'(l~::~d')

    lateral, guaranty.

    Vlin 1'll1 Lag'wichaa/ N theory (as opposed to


    practice). ---opp.

    N spoolof

    V~6lntJ~'lJ~.

    thread, thread (on a spool).

    VI in ~'U lagslb' N a r it h. tens; the position


    N spool occupied by numbers which are tens.
    Vi in 611i1 S lagsuud' N curriculum, course of study.

    " Vl~eJAA1tJ
    Vi~e:JAAA
    'U

    (ViReJA)

    l~::~ddliaj/ (l~::~d')

    (for thread).
    (ViReJA) l~:Jdduud' N (drinking) straw. (VIR eJ A) l~::~dfaj/ (I ~::~d') VIR eJ A1~

    ViinVi~'.ltJ
    I

    'IJ

    lagnuaV N arith. units; the position


    I

    N light bulb. N trachea.

    occupied by units.
    VlinuViGJ'! (bbVI'!)

    VIReJARJJ (VIReJA) l~:Jdlom' (l~::~d') VIR el'W


    13::~n'

    laglu/(hu') Ntheplace

    V to scare, spook, haunt.

    where one settles down to live.

    573

    o
    ~

    b'iJ'W'V!~fllb'Vl~

    penlagH:u' 1. permanent, fixed

    ~'W'Vli~
    ~

    ( ~'Wml~)

    s.lnlau' (sanlAu')

    N back

    (of a house, dwelling). 2. permanently, steadily.


    'Vl~nbb'Vl~d-1

    (body-part); spine; backbone.


    'Vl'W 1'Vl~ 1 n.alau' 1. the back page, the last page

    lagleem' V to be keen, sharp. N 1. back (body-part). 2.

    'Vl61 ~

    ( m1~) Lau' (Lau')

    (as of a newspaper). 2. the reverse side (of a sheet).


    ~

    (as n. mod) back, hind, rear. C 3. elf. for houses, mosquito-nets, tents, palanquins, etc.
    Pp 4. back of, behind, after. Fl'd 1J.J--

    'Vl'W'W'V![;l ~ nunlau/ v q

    to support, back up.

    the past;
    <iil.

    'V!~ ~ 1n ~ laukoou' V 1. to have a crooked back (as


    from a deformity). 2. to be round-shouldered, stooped over; to have one's shoulders slouched over.

    past deeds, past experience. --+Op p. 2, 4. 'Vl'W 1

    n~:::;'ln'Vl~~ ne~~'Vlsl~
    'IJ 1'Vl~ ~

    ('U1'W) kracog'Hiu' (baan')

    N rear-

    view mirror.

    (ne:J~) b~uLau' (b~u')


    ( 'IJ 1) khaalau' (khlla')

    N rear guard.

    o n'1V!i11 n ~ tham'laukoou' 1. to arch the back (as a cat). 2. to gather up the shoulders (as a tiger ready to spring). 3. to round one's shoulders, slouch.

    N hind legs.

    'IJ1~'V!R.:J kh.ulau' behind, (ilt) the rear, the back.

    Fl~ eltJ'V!Gl~ khl5~jllan' V 1. to pass by, move past,


    move out of sight. 2. to turn one's back.

    m1~F11 ('Vli~F11) laukhaa' (laukhaa') N roof.


    'V![;l~'l1n
    ~

    A~'Vl'W1A~'V!R~ khfdn.a'khidlllu' V elab. colloq.


    to think (it) through, think over carefully.

    lau'caag::::

    after.

    'V![;l ~!inn lauchaag' N 1. back stage, behind the

    cJnwt;1l~[i.:m~~
    "' "'
    ~

    cMg'n.a'-m.jthYtllau' V idiom.

    scenes. 2. the inside story or account, the real picture, the real underlying facts. NOTE. When used of people, this usually implies a shameful, hidden way of life which belies the public image.

    to be unable to make both ends meet.


    'il1~ b'l11'Vl~~ cMau'tMawlau'

    N 1. "the hind legs

    of the elephant," a figure used to describe one who is a follower.


    Iii ei'W'Vl~1 t~~nlAu'

    Vi'n'Vli~ haglau' V idiom. to betray, doublecross.


    b'Vl~fJ 'l'Vli1

    1. the later period; later on,


    lilel'Wiii'W.

    liawlau' V to look back.

    afterwards. 2. backpart. -+Ant. 1.


    2. Iii ei'W'Vl'W 1
    I
    ~

    b ei'W'Vli1 ?eenlau' V to lean back, recline (in

    order to go to sleep).
    J.,

    bblii'Vl'W'V!611 teehl'mllau' in the past.

    'V![;l ~ lau' V 1. to let flow, to pour, sprinkle, shed

    blelfJ'Vl~~ th;3jlau' V 1. to step back, back up. sV


    2. backward, backwards, back. o De:JfJ'Vl611
    b'IJ1Fl~e:J~ th:Sjlau'kh.wkhb~u'

    (as tears, blood). 2. to flow continuously.


    l'Vl[;l'V!~ ~ lajlau' V 1. to flow continuously. 2.
    J.,

    v
    J.,

    (a crowd) to stream along, move in a mass.


    J.,

    idiom. (a civilization) to regress, fall into backwardness. o '!TLJ Da fJ'V!Gl ~ nab"th:Sjlau' V to count backwards.

    'Vl~'W

    as in

    61~'Vl~'W

    l6dlan' V to be descending in

    regular order, to cascade.


    ~

    'V!G'l'U lab' V 1. to close (the eyes). 2. to sleep, fall

    rl'Vl~~ thiilau' next time, any time after this, later.


    4' ~ b'U a ~ 'Vlf:1 ~ b1aulau' behind, in the rear, in the past. 4' -+Ant. b'U a ~'Vl'W 1.

    asleep, be asleep. -+Opp. 1. 61J..I 1!:!, 2. lii'W.


    b F1 ~ e1 ~'V!Gl'U'Wei'W
    ,J
    I "-'

    "'

    ( elfJ 11, V'W) khr1au'labn;:,::m'

    (jaau', chin')

    N bedding.

    'll'l~'V!Gl~ puadlau' V to have a backache.


    b'iJ'W;1

    'Wa'Wiii1'Vl~'U n~~n'taalab' V idiom. to be free of


    worry; to be able to sleep without worry.
    'W a'W l~'Vl~'U

    bV'W'V!6l~

    penMa'penlau' V elab. colloq.

    to be crazy.
    Jl1 rm611 phaajlAu' afterwards.
    ~ ~

    n;:,;:,ntma.jlab' to be unable to sleep,

    to lie sleepless.
    'W ei'W 'Vli'U

    fl'U'Vlfl ~ lablau' behind the back of, in the absence

    n::J~nlab'

    V to sleep, be asleep ...... Ant. V idiom.

    ~'W.

    of.

    ..... A n t. Iii eJ 'Vl'W 1

    'Wa'W'Vli'Url'U~'Ylf n;:,;:,nl8.b'-tMb'sld'
    F111J..I--

    611'Vl~~ laalau' v to lag behind, be behind (in


    time or space), be backward. wardness. back-

    to be neglectful in exercising one's rights (as when failing to vote in an election).


    V!Gl'Uiil1 l8.btaa' V to close the eyes. -+Ant.

    ~J..IIil1.

    574 o V!tl'U[;J

    1~

    labtaa'pli/ to close the eyes tightly.

    V!iil1:W. See entries below.


    '1J 1 1 V!iil1 :W

    V!fl'U'IJn labn6g' V idiom. to fall asleep, doze

    ( n ~ :;'lJ eJ n ) kMawlclam', kh,qwlclam' N glutinous rice with coconut cream

    in a sitting position. V!tl'U1'W Utbnajl V idiom. to daydream.


    ~

    (krabo::>g')

    topping stuffed in a bamboo section and roasted. iil'WV!iil1:W 16nlclam' V to be overloaded, overflowing, overcrowded. V!iil1 tJ lclajl Nm many, several. -Normally followed

    V!~'UtJtJ q
    ~

    labpujl V to sleep soundly.

    V!tl'U~Ul1 lab'sanld' V to be sound asleep.


    V!~'U'"]t;J'W'"]

    lablab't)ryntyY:n' V to sleep off and on,

    sleep fitfully. eJl'lt;J 1'\!!tl'U.V'U[;J 1'\.leJ'W ?Qdltaalab'-khab'taan:xm' V e 1a b. co 11 o q. to deprive oneself of sleep (as when studying for exams). V!tl'l
    @.1 (

    by a elf. except for certain combinations, e.g. the following entry. l1 ~ V!iil1 tJ thaulclajl all, the whole (group).
    l1~tJ'J~.

    a::

    -cf.

    a::

    1 'U) lila' (bajl)

    N a large tall basket.

    U'W s V!iil1 tJ phr~d<lajl V to be widespread.

    V!tl'l t>J in

    V!tl'J'l lualua' dim(oflight);dimly.

    :w 1 n V!'W 1 V!iil1 tJ [;I 1 m,qagn,qa'lclajtaa/ V e 1 a b.


    co 11 o q. to be many (of people only).

    V!Gi 1 lela' C yard (linear measure).

    '\!!~ 1 l~a' N 1it. earth, ground. ~ ... "'


    ~ l'l'V!Gi
    q

    ...

    -s y n.

    A'W

    com.

    ;1 ;1~ L~ tJV!iil1 tJ
    'U

    ruu'wajl-m,qjs Iallclajl knowledge

    1'1'11 L'1J tJ 'l sudl~a'faak:hiaw' e 1 a b. co 11 o q.

    is no burden. V!iil1 tJ 'IJ'W 1l11 l<lajk:hanaad' (of) many sizes. V!iil1 tJ 1 "l lclajcajl V to have many loves (at the same time). V!iil1 tJ [;I eJ V!iil1 tJ l<lajlto::>l<lajl many many; a countless number of; so many. V!iil1tJVAiiln l<lajpii/-diildag' elab. colloq. many many years.

    very far away, beyond the horizon. V!Gi 1 n


    @.1

    laag' V 1it. to be many; to be abundant,

    profuse.

    -o c c.

    cpl. with

    V!Gi 1 tJ

    V!G11n~ Iaagsli' V tobemany-colored, variegated.

    '\!!~ 1tJV!~ 1n<J:::Ul11 lclajlaag'chanfd' of many different kinds.

    '\!!~'\!!~ 1 n lcljlaag' V to flow profusely, to over-

    V!iil1tJ~'U l<lajslb' many tens.


    V!fl1 tJ '1 l<lajl<lajl Nm several.

    flow.

    V!~1n t>J in

    V!Gi1n1"llaag'cajl V to wonder, be Fl 'J 1:1-J-- surprise,

    LV!~eJV!iil1tJ lyal<lajl sV 1. abundant,profuse;


    abundantly, profusely, extremely, very. V 2. to be abundant.

    surprised, astonished. astonishment.


    '\!!~

    1'\.l ( FI'W) lclan' (khon') nephew or niece.


    "(/'J~n<J'JV!~1'W
    'U

    N 1. grandchild. 2.

    V!iil1 'J
    Q

    ( el'W) l<law' (?an')

    N spear.

    V!iil:W lrm' V to be disproportionately small and tapering, small and pointed. V!iil 'J . See entries below. N descendants.
    [;11'\!!~'J taallw' V to be one-eyed; to have one
    '
    d

    J.,

    J.,

    chQaHiug'chQalclan' generation

    after generation.
    Gin'\!!~
    'U

    1'\.l ( FI'W) lQuglclan' (khonl)

    V!Gi TW L'1J tJ

    ( FI'W) lclankh~8jl (khon') N the husband o

    eye open. b'IJ1 b:WeJ~[;J1V!iil'J t;JeJ~V!~'Jt;JU1:W kMwmyau'~ taallw'- t~ullw'taataam'* idiom. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
    '
    ~

    .::!

    of one's niece or granddaughter.


    V!~1'W<J1tJ

    (f'I'W) lclanchaajl(khon') N l.grandson.

    2. nephew.

    V!Gi1'W~:::1;
    '\!!~ 1'\.l~

    (Fl'W) lclansapM.jl (khon') N the wife

    V!~'J[;J1 llwtaa' V 1. towink(at). 2. tosquintor


    look with one eye (the other being closed).

    of one's nephew or grandson. 1 'J ( Fl'W) lclans<law' (khon') N 1. grand-

    V!~n llig' V 1. to evade, avoid. 2. to get away from.


    3. to step aside, move aside, move out of the way, give way to (both lit. and fig.).

    daughter. 2. niece.
    '\!!~

    1'U Iaab' V 1. to have learned one's lesson. 2. to dread (to do something), to be afraid, esp. because of a previous bad experience.

    V!~n 'Yl1 'i lligthaau' V to step aside, move aside,


    give way to (both lit. and fig.).

    'Vl~n
    'Vl61n l61tH lliglta:n' V 1. to avoid.

    575
    d

    'Vl'HJ

    C9J

    2. to get away

    'Vl'.l ~ lb'Vl'W hua:nhen' V to reserve, guard, keep for

    from. 3. to be evasive.
    'Vli'ln'Vl1.l'1 llign~a' V colloq. to withdraw oneself.

    oneself, keep from falling to others. o 'IJ'Vl'.l 'Vl'H


    C9J (
    ~

    ~lb'Vl'W

    khtihuauhm' V to be possessive. hua:n' (?an', hua:n') N ring, hoop, -+Com p. 'U 'J
    ~

    'Vl~'U ( 'Vl~'U) l)ryb' (l)rybl)

    N a narrow space or

    el'W, 'Vl'.l ~)

    passage between cliffs, rocks, mountains, screens, etc.


    'Vlli1n'Vl~n lugllg' V 1. to behave in an unseemly man-

    loop, noose.
    'Vl'J ~ 1.!:!

    hua:n' V 1. to be worried, concerned about.

    '

    2. to think about, have one's mind occupied with.


    l ~'W~'J

    ner toward the opposite sex, distributing one's attentions restlessly and indiscriminately. 2. to behave in an unseemly, disorderly manner.

    penhua:n' V to feel concern for, be wor-

    ried, concerned about.

    ~'J ~1tJ
    'V

    hua:njajl V to be worried, anxious, conA'J '1 J.J- ~

    'Vl611il lud' V to slip loose, slip out, come loose,

    cerned.
    I

    concern, care .

    come off, come out, come unfastened, become detached.

    'Vl'J ~'Vl'W '1'Vl'J ~'Vlf1 ~ hua:nnAa'hua:nla:n' V to worry

    over two equally important things.


    'Vl'J ~ hOa:n' N 1. vastness, expanse, depth. C 2 .

    rh ( ... ) 'Vlf11il tham( ... )lud' to let (something)

    slip (e.g. out of one's hand).

    ..,

    part, portion .
    'Vl'J ~ 'W ~ n h0a:n'nar6g' N hell (implying vastness,

    'Vl~lil'l'ft.l('1'1n)

    lud'ph6n'-(caag::::) V 1. tobe

    released, be free (from). 2. to escape, get


    'V

    depth, dreadfulness).
    'V

    away (from).
    'Vlli11il1ieJ ludmyy' V to slip from the hand.

    'Vl'J ~'W0 1

    ( Lb'Vl~) Ma:nnaam' (he:n')

    N a wide expanse

    of water, the broad stretch of a river .


    'Vl 'J lil
    C9J (

    'VlWW in

    l "U'Vlli1'W '1

    see'lunlun' to stumble and trip,

    1 'U , f1 n ) huad' (bajl, lOug')


    '~~

    N an earthen-

    stagger (as when pushed forcibly and unexpectedly).


    'Vl~'U

    ware steamer (for steaming food).


    'Vl 'J lil ll 'Vl'J'W
    C9J

    hU.ad' V to whip, lash. hi:ianl V to go back, turn back.


    ~

    lub' V (the brim of a hat) to be turned down, droop, hang down.

    'Vl'J'Wnli1'U hi:ianklab' V to turn back, come back. 'Vl'J'WAiil hi:iankhfd' V to think back, recall. 'Vl'J'Wtin hUannyg' V to think back, recall.

    'Vl~ J.J

    ( 'Vl~ J.J) lum' (lum') N hole (as in the ground),

    pit.
    1 tJ'W 'Vlli1 J.J joonlum' N a kind of gambling game in

    which the stakes, consisting of pennies, small cards, or marbles, are thrown or shot toward a hole or holes.

    'Vl 'J 'W tJ el'W huanj:bn' V to go back, turn back . 'Vl'J'W ll

    in 1 'VltJ'Vl'J'W MojhUan' V to be eerie (of

    sound). o l~tJ~1'VltJ'Vl'J'W sla:n'hoojhi:ian' Nan eerie sound.


    'Vl'J'W hOan' V 1. to be short, brief, curt, laconic.

    'Vl~J.J~~f"''jij ('Vl~J.J) lum'fa:nsob' (lum') N grave,


    tomb.
    'Vl~:J.J'jlj:JI~ ('Vl~:J.J)

    sV 2. curtly, snappishly. lumphraa:n'(lum') N trap,


    ~lil'Vl'J'W'l

    phOud'hOanhOan' V to speak curtly.

    pitfall.
    ~

    'Vl'J tJ ( 'Vl~:J.J) li:im'lobphajl (li:im')

    ( 1 'U) Majl N 1. a gambling game in which

    'Vl~J.J'Vl61'UJltJ

    N air-

    players bet on letters or numbers. 2. co 11 o q. lottery; lottery ticket (bajl).


    'Vl'JtJl'Uel~
    "'

    raid shelter.
    f

    'Vlli1 in
    '~~

    li1'U'Vlfil 16bluu' V 1. to show disrespect, con'U

    (1'U) Majbdd' (bajl)


    li1eJ!illlileJ~
    d

    N colloq. lotcom. f;1f11nn'W


    A

    tempt, disdain, ungratefulness (toward parents, guardian, teacher, or other benefactor particularly deserving of respect).
    'Vl'.l ~ hua:n' V to refuse to share or give away; to

    tery ticket. -Syn.


    lb'U~

    eleg. to be no good, not satisfactory,

    'Vl'JtJ huajl V slang

    bad.
    'Vl'J tJ 'Vl'J eJ ( 611 tJ)
    C9J

    guard, keep back, care for zealously.


    'Vl'.l ~'Vl'1:W hua:nh~am' V 1. to restrict against or

    hOajl (saajl)

    N brook, stream, creek.

    w'5-:J' N i mit. co 11 o q. the wail of a siren.


    (Fl'W)

    forbid public use. sV 2. restricted, forbidden.

    HI'Vldel

    r6dw'5-:JI (khan')

    N colloq. ambu-

    576
    J., J.,

    'j!j'J 1'\J

    lance, fire engine, police car (i.e. any vehicle with a siren).
    'Jii'J eJ lB w~:r;,l V to be hollow, open, exposed, agape. 'Vl'd eJ ~ wood'

    6i'W'W'J!I'd'W l 'j!j'J sanan'wanwi1.V v to be very loud,

    jarring, rumbling, thundering.


    'j!j'J 1 ~'j!j'J'!J waadwan'
    ~ ~ ~
    I

    J.,

    v
    ~

    to be afraid. wtiar5?1, hi1ar5?'; wuar~o',


    ~

    N foam or bubbles formed by some

    'Vl'J 'd in 'Vl'J 'J b ~ 1:::, 'Vl'J 'J


    htiar~o'

    eJ

    species of fish.
    'Vl'deJ~

    V to laugh. -See 'Jii'J b ~ 1:::.


    'IJ

    l!:!

    in

    neJ'Vl'JeJ~

    koo'wood' V colloq. to

    'Vl'J1

    ('l'l'l~,'ife.J,~n)

    '

    waat N akindofdarkpurple for clusters; lilug' for indi( ~'W)

    start, cause.

    fruit (phuan' vidual fruits). such fruit.

    ch~o'

    'J!I'J~ ( 'J 1) wAn(w~a') V to hope (that), hope for.


    fi'J1:1-l-- hope, hopes.
    "'
    ~ d

    lil'W--

    the tree bearing

    o :l-Jfi'J1:1-l'Vl'JH!Gl::: miikhwaamwAn'thtica::; have hopes of (doing thus and so), be in hopes that (one) will (do thus and so).

    vn 1 'l

    waan' N interstice, interspace. -+Cf.


    '

    ~:::

    'Vl'J 1 'l

    ' 'Vl'J 1 'l 'lJ 1 waaukhaa' N space between the legs.


    esp. cultivatable depression between mountains.
    'Vl'J' 1 'l e.Jn waan?og' N the middle of the chest or

    fi1~'J!I'J~ khtladwAn' V to expect, anticipate.

    ~~'J!I'J'l phldwAn' V to be disappointed.


    :i'l'J!I'J'l miiwAn' V to have hopes, be hopeful.
    ~

    breast.
    'j!j'J 1 [il waad'

    'l 'Vl'l 'l milnwAn' V to anticipate, expect, intend.

    to be afraid, frightened, apprehensive.

    61:1-l'J!I'J~ somwan' V 1. to fulfil one's hopes. sV


    2. as desired.
    !'W'J!I'J'l stnwan' V to despair, give up hope.

    'j!j') 1~ni'J waadklua'

    to be scared, frightened.

    'j!j') 1 ~ bn ~ 'l waadkreen'

    v
    v

    to be afraid; to fear. tofeelathrilloffear,

    'J!I'J1~b~tJ'J waadslaw'
    J.,

    'Vl:l-l~'Vl-J'l mbdwan' V to be hopeless, past hope.


    'Vl-J'lA wandii'

    horror; to have chills sent down one's spine.


    'j!j'J 1 [il'j!j')'IJ waadwan'

    to have good wishes, intentions. ..., fl 'J 1:1-1- - good wishes; good intentions. ~- -

    to be afraid .

    'J!I~fil'Vl'J1~ wlidwaad' V to scream with fear.


    'J!I'J 1'\J waan' V 1. to be sweet (to the taste).

    well-wisher.
    'j!j'J ~
    ~

    2. to

    Ci)

    wad'

    to scribble, write hastily.

    be pleasing, melodious, charming. sweetness. -Dist. 'Vle.J:l-1,


    'lJ'W:J-J'Vl'J 1'\J
    L'l'l~1:::.

    fl'd1:1-J--

    L~tJ'W'J!I'Jfil khlanwad' V to scribble, write hastily. 'Vl-Jfil l!J wad' N common cold. l ;'Vl-Jfil khajwad' N fever due to a common cold.

    ( eJ tJ 1 'l ) khan6mwaan' (jaan')

    N heavily

    sweetened or candied food, e,g. confections, sweetmeats.


    'lJeJ'l'Vl'J1'W (e.Jt.J1'l) kh5onwaan 1 (jaan')

    l;'Vl-J~1 'Vl~

    kMjwadjajl N influenza.

    L'iJ'lJ'Vl-Jfil penwad' V to catch cold, have a cold.

    N com. eleg.

    fi'Vl-Jfil r6ogwad'

    N common cold.

    dessert, sweetstuff. -Syn.

    el1'Vl1~'J!I'J1'W

    'Vli~n'W wad'kin'
    have a cold.

    colloq. to catch a cold,

    Ae.J'Vl'J 1'\J khoowaan' V idiom. to have a sweet


    ...,

    tooth .

    'Vli~~ 'l fl eJ wad'lonkhoo' v to have a sore throat,


    a cold with phlegm.
    J.,

    'W"1'J!I'J 1'\.J mimwi1an' N 1. soft drink (sweetened),

    sweet drink. 2. flavored syrup.

    'j!j'J'!J wan' v
    J.,

    to fear, be afraid (of).

    tJ 1 n 'Vl 'J 1'\J paagwAan' V idiom. to speak nicely,


    throw bouquets (at someone). 2. to be suave, smooth-tongued; to be a sweet talker.
    b'U 1'J!I'J 1'\.J bawwaan' N diabetes. btJ ~ tJ 'J'Vl'J 1'\J prtawwaan' N sweet and sour dish.
    ~

    'Vl'J'W Ln ~ 'l wankreen' V to be afraid of, appre-

    hensive of.
    'J!I'J'W1~ wancajl V to be afraid, have an appreJ.,

    hension.
    ,/_, A

    'j!j'J'IJ'J~n

    wan'wftog' v to be worried, apprehen-

    t'l n n 1 fil'Vl'J 1'\J pha.gkaad'waan' N sugar beet.


    +

    sive.
    J.,

    'Jii'J 1'\.J Gl 8 tJ wAanc3jl colloq. to be extremely

    'j!j'J'!J1 wanwan' v
    J,

    to be somewhat afraid. to be afraid, o

    sweet, sugary, sentimental.

    'Jil'd'W'J!I'd 1~ wanwaad' v 'j!j'J'IJ1 'j!j'J wanwajl v


    J.,

    'Vl~1lil1'Vl'J1'WGl+e.JtJ naataa'waanc3V
    very sweet face, be sweet-looking.

    to have a

    to be moved, tremble, shake.

    Vl'd1'W Vl'd 1'W~rl wAanca.d/ to be very sweet . Vl'd 1'W b ~EJ'U waancfab/ to be very sweet. .;y Vl'd 1'W b "l eJEJ waanc~aj/ to be melodious, dulcet,

    577

    ...

    watchtower .
    VleJ ~ r11 1 ( VleJ , u VI~ )
    h~bduudaaw/

    (h3;:,/, hen/)

    mellifluous.
    Vl'd 1'Wl "l
    I

    N observatory. N sweetheart.
    VleJ'Yl~

    ( fi'W) waancaj/ (khon/)

    b'UEJ'W'Ylri'W

    "'

    dQ

    ( llVI~)

    h3::>thabian/thtidin/ (hen/)

    Vl'd 1'W~o1 waancha.m/ V 1. to be sweet and juicy

    N land registration office.

    (as a pineapple). 2. colloq. to be honeyed (of a person's eyes, speech).


    I

    VleJ'W1~n1 (VIeJ) h5::>naalikaa/ (h3::>/) N clock


    tower.

    Vl'd 1'W'tJ~ll6H.l"] waan/-paltm/paltm/ to be slightly

    sweet.
    eJeJ'WVI'd 1'W
    ?~::mwaan/

    ing house, dormitory, hostel. V 1. to be sweet, courteous,

    VleJ~~~~
    VleJI:i:J.Jri
    q V

    (VIeJ)
    I

    M::>rakhan/ (hO;:,/)
    h~bsamud/

    N bell tower. N library. N warehouse.

    polite, gentle and sweet. 2. to be insufficiently sweet.


    eJ1VI1~VI'd1'W

    ( UVI~)
    I

    (he:u/)

    VleJ~'Wfl1

    (llVI~)

    h~bsinkMa/ (hen/)

    ?aahaanwAan/ N eleg. dessert,


    "IJEJ~VI'd1'W

    VleJ

    h~;:,/

    N 1. package. C 2. elf. for packages, for

    sweetstuff. -syn.
    I

    com.

    things wrapped in packages. V 3. to wrap, package.


    I

    Vl'd 1'W waan/ v


    I

    to sow.

    'WriVI'd
    ou

    1'W~

    eJ:J.J phtlud/waanl5;:,m/ V to cajole some-

    VleJ'IJeJ~

    (VIeJ)

    (1)

    h~::>kh5;:,u/;

    (2)

    h~;:,/kh3::>:u/

    N 1.

    one into doing or accepting something.


    I

    package
    VleJVI:J.Jn

    (h~;:,/).

    V 2. to wrap, wrap things.


    N a Thai dish con-

    Vl'd 1:J.J waam/ V to thrill with fear, be stricken with

    ( VleJ)

    h~::>mog/ (h~;:,/)

    fear.
    Vl'd1:J.J"] wamwaam/*V idem.
    v v

    sisting of steamed fish or chicken in coconut cream and chili sauce. N rattan. Vlel'IJ:l-l
    I

    Wl1 EJ

    ( lii'W, b Gj'W) waaj / (tlln/, s@n/)

    h~;:,/hfim/

    V to wrap all around, cover,

    Vl~rl wld/ AA narrowly, barely, almost.


    Q

    envelope.
    J

    Vl~riVI'drl

    wudwld/ AA narrowly, almost, nearly.


    v

    VleJ bVIE! 'd

    h~::>hlaw/

    V to be dejected, depressed,

    Vl~'d wJw/ V to be dizzy, giddy, faint.


    L"lVI~'d

    down-hearted.
    VleJ ~

    cajwiw/ V to feel dizzy or faint, be giddy,

    h~;:,/ V 1. to gallop (of horses). 2. colloq.

    have a dizzy spell.


    Vl1 ( l ~:J.J, el'W)
    v

    to run fast; to drive fast.


    VleJ
    IJ

    wli/ V 1. to comb. N 2. comb

    in

    VleJ l ~ eJ rl h~::>l~ad/ V 1. to be bruised.

    (l@m/, ?an/). C 3. elf. for a hand of bananas.

    2. tech to have a hematoma. N 3. tech. hematoma.


    VleJn (ri1:W,el'W)

    V~1n~'dEJ

    (VI1)

    wiikl1laj/ (wii/)

    N a hand of

    bananas.
    Vl1f.J:J.J wlipMm/ V to comb the hair. Vl1rl

    h~::>g/(d~am/,?an/)
    ( l ~:J.J)

    Nspear.
    N

    VleJn'tJ~ 1EJ1l'W
    VleJ ~ in "l eJ ~ VleJ ~ VleJ ~ ( VleJ ~)

    h~;:,g/plaajpyyn/ (l@m/)

    wlid/ N the sound of a scream, of a whistle.


    ( el'W)

    bayonet. -Syn. ri1'U'tJ~ 1EJ1l'W. c::>:uM:u/* to be haughty, proud, vain.

    'W n Vl1 r1

    n6gwlid/ (?an/)

    N whistle.

    Vl11ilVI'd 1 rl

    wlidwaad/ V to scream with fear.

    h~n/* (h~n/) N room.


    (ri1'W)

    Vl'driVI~rl wudwld/ AA narrowly, almost, nearly.

    f.J'!J~VIeJ~

    phanA:u/h~:u/ (d~an/)

    N interior

    Vl~rl

    wuudl N steam whistle.


    ( VleJ)
    I

    wall, wall of a room (made of brick, stone, plaster, etc., but not one of wood).
    v v

    VIeJ

    h5;:,/ (h3;:,/) N building, structure (erected

    for a special purpose). -Chiefly in compounds.


    n ~ eJ:J.JVIeJ
    kl~mh3;:,/

    r-J 1VIeJ ~

    ( ri1'W, r-J 1)

    faah~n/

    (dftan/, faa/) N interior

    V to serenade bride and groom

    wall, wall of a room.


    :J.J:J.JVIeJ
    ~

    on the wedding night.


    b!eJ'WVIeJ (VIi~)

    ( :J.J:J.J)
    q

    mumh~:u/

    (mum/) N comer (of a

    ryanh5;:,/ (lau/)

    N bridal house,

    room).
    VleJ~fhJ'1J1'd h~:u/kinkh~aw/ N com. dining room.
    h~:u/kebkh5::>tJ/

    a house built for a newly wedded couple.


    VleJ n 1 ~ FJ1

    h3::>kaankhaa/ N chamber of commerce.

    "' VleJHn'U'IJeJ~

    N storeroom.

    578
    VlfH'tH h~nkhito' N cell, detention cell. Vlel HI 1 rJ fil 'J
    "' $,

    "'

    ..,

    fatigue.
    VleJ'U l!1
    h~::>b'

    h~n'kh.fajtua'

    N ticket booth, box

    V 1. to carry along, be carried along

    office.
    ;(eJHl'w1J
    d

    (as by the wind). 2. to carry an armful, to have

    h~n'khonchaj'

    N servant's room.
    VleJ:W

    one's arms loaded.

    "' Vlel ~ Fl i' 'J M:nkhrua' N kitchen.


    Vlel ~ l Fl S eJ ~ h~:nkhr9a:n' N engine room.
    v .., ...

    h5::>m' V 1. to be fragrant, odoriferous,

    sweet smelling. 2. co 11 o q. to kiss.


    n~'JrJVleJ:W (~n.1'U,r.J~)
    'U

    Vlel ~llbld

    (VI~~, Vlv ~)

    MntMw' N 1. a row of

    kltlajh3::>m'(ltlug',baj',

    identically-constructed rooms, apartments or shops shop


    (l~n').

    phon')
    l Fl s eJ 'lVlel:W
    d

    N banana (fragrant variety). khr9a:nho::>m' N perfumes, fragrant

    2. one such room, apartment or

    (h~n').

    articles. N hall; large, spacious room.


    J1VleJ:W

    ;(a~ 1bl'l h~:nthoo:n'


    VleJHil'l~eJ~

    (eJ~1~,'11~oWl'I,'IJ'Jl'I,Vlrll'l)

    namh3::>m' N

    Mn'th6db::>tJ' I\' laboratory.

    perfume, toilet water (jaan'. chanfdl for kinds; khuad' for bottles; jOd' for drops). -syn.
    v

    Vlel ~ 'W el'W h~nn::>::>n' N bedroom.


    J.,

    Vlel'l'W~

    b61'W

    Mn'n~nl~n'

    N lounge (as in a hotel

    'W"1eJ'U colloq. Vlel:W9W


    9

    or school).
    v
    q_.,

    ho::>mchi:J.j' 1. to have a strong and pleasant,

    v
    <Vo::~o

    Vlel ~'W"1 h~nnaam' N bathroom. Vlel ~'l.Jl)'U fil n 1 s h~n'-patiba.d'kaan' N e 1 e g.


    A

    lingeri._ng odor. 2. to be exceedingly pleasant, sweet (in odor).


    VleJ:WS~S'JrJ

    VleJ'l'lJ:J~'ti:w
    9

    ...

    laboratory .
    h~n'prachum'

    h3::>m'raruaj' eleg. to be faintly

    N assembly room,

    fragrant, delightfully fragrant.


    VleJ:W l!1 ( Vl'J) fil'W--

    VleJ~'lJ1~nb11

    ...

    meeting room, (assembly) auditorium . Mn'paatba.kathi!.a' N lectureroom

    h3::>m' (Ma')

    N onion (the bulb).


    .

    (fil'W)

    onion(theplant). -Ct.VleJ:W hllah3::>m' (Mal)


    ~

    Vlel ~in MnpMg' N 1. waiting room, lounge, (as

    ..,

    or auditorium .

    ~'JVleJ:W (Vl'J)
    ~

    N onion (the bulb).

    V1 eJ :w m

    in l mm eJ :w s eJ :w s'U

    kebh3::>m' r::>::>mr f b'

    in a train station). 2. room where one stays temporarily (e.g. a hotel room).
    V~aun~ (Vlv~ ,u1~) h~npMab' (h~n'.hen'l

    elab. colloq. to save up.


    VleJ:W in
    VleJ:W~

    eJ:W

    h~::>ml:S:Jml

    V to surround, gather

    N
    VleJrJ

    around.
    CQJ

    photography studio.
    Vlel ~ ;'Ubb 'tJ n Mn'rabkhf::eg' N living room.
    v ..,

    in FleJVlelrJ

    ( FleJVlelrJ)

    kh::>::>h3j'*(kh::>::>h3j')

    N co 11 o q. throat.
    Vlvrl l!1 ( lll'J)
    ... v

    Vlel 1 S'U'l.J S ~ 111'\J eJ 111 S

    h~n'-

    rabprilthaanl?aahiianl

    hoj'* (tua')
    v

    N shellfish (of all kinds).

    N eleg. dining room.


    Vlel ~ l SEI'W h~nrian' N classroom.

    l'iJFJ'WeJUVleJU'WeJU

    btan:S::>j'h0jn:5::>j' elab. colloq.

    poor, having little money. N art

    ;(eJ1~61'lJ (;(v'l,bb~'l)
    studio.

    Mnsln'(Mn 1.hf::n')

    ~ 1 11 rJ

    (Ill'J )

    linhOV (tua')

    N a small species

    of monkey.

    ' Vlv Hi:Wl'l ( Vlv 1, bb11) h~n 1 samud 1 (Mn'. hen') N


    9

    VleJrJn~~'l

    (lll'J)

    hojkapho:n' (tua')

    N a kind of

    1. study. 2. library.
    Vlel1Gi'J:W h~nstlam' N toilet.

    sea mussel (Modiola senhauseni).

    VleJrJL~~

    (lll'J) h:Sjkhoon'(tua')

    N akindofsnail

    ;(eJ'lVllT~~eJ

    Mn'nansyY-' N study, library (in

    (Pila ampullacea).
    VleJrJ bbFl S 1 ( lll'J)

    Vlv 1Vl'U h~n'hab' N colloq. room.

    ...

    a home) .

    hojkhrie:n' (tua')

    N cockle

    (Area granosa).
    V1elrJ'l11n ( lll'J) h3jtMag' (tua')

    Vlel1el1Vl1:l

    h~n'?aah~an'

    N eleg. dining room.

    N land snail,

    Vlel'W h5;:m' V to howl. l Vl1Vlel'W hawh:'bn' V to bark and howl; to howl. Vlel'U
    CQl

    garden snail.
    11 rJ'W 1 U :W ( 'J ) ' VleJrJ ll:W~ Ul ( lll'J)
    'U

    h5jnaanrom' (tua')

    N oyster. N

    h~::>b'

    V to pant.
    nyajh~::>b'

    hoj'maleenphtlu 1 (tua 1 )
    VleJrJU:W~~

    l Vl'WeJEIVleJ'U

    V to gasp for breath from

    iridescent sea mussel. -Syn.

    579
    colloq. thing) off, break (something) apart. 2. to subtract, deduct .
    eJnVfn

    ..,

    Vl1 ~ 61"' 'l '1.1


    C0

    &1'J ) h3jsii:u' (tua') N conch.


    V to hang, suspend, be suspended .

    Vl1~

    h~V*

    ..,

    ?oghag' V to be broken-hearted (over a

    ~~8J~VIJ~Iil1:l.l tlds5jlh~jtaam' V elab. colloq.

    love affair).

    to follow, accompany.

    Vl~

    had' N measles.
    ~

    VleJ~Vld h~jhua' V to hang head down, be suspended head down.

    biJ'IJVl!i1 penhad' V to have the measles. J anVI!i1 ?~oghad' to break out with the measles.

    ;el~LWIJ h~jh~on/
    Vl1~
    ~

    V to swing while suspended


    ......

    vr~

    1.:1

    had'

    to practice; to train.

    (esp. in gymnastics).

    "'

    1.:1

    in Vl'l'11~

    ""

    nn Vl!i1
    N firefly.
    'U..,

    fygha.d'

    to drill, practice; to train.

    ( lii'J) hl:uh~jl*(tua')

    Vl!i1'W~ badphilud' V to learn to speak (as a baby).


    Vl!i1l Vl, Vl!i1l VI~

    Vln hag' V 1. to break, break apart, break off, get

    had'Mj:::

    to train to (do something).

    broken off. 2. to bend, turn. 3. to subtract, deduct. -+Dist. 1.


    bllil m~'n thg'ba.g' a:; ~ o 'IJ'lHblilnVIn blliln.

    hadmajl V 1. to be a beginner, newly

    trained. 2. to train or practice once again.


    Vllililnn:l.l hadthakam' N eleg. handicrafts. -+Also n1s--.
    ~

    1. to be broken. 2. to be

    critical, decisive, resolute. sV 3. decisively.


    kh~n 1 thghag'

    the stage when the

    VI'IJ
    ~

    han' V to turn around.


    ~

    final issue is decided.

    VI'!Jn G'l'U
    ~

    hanklab' V to turn back, turn around. hankhwab' V to turn around suddenly.

    tf1 ( ) Vfn

    tham( ... )hag' to cause (something)

    VI'IJ'I.I'J'U

    ....

    to break, break off, break apart; to break (something).


    tJ;nVfn'0''l parag'hagpha:u' V elab. eleg. to be

    Vl'IJ ltJ hanpajl to turn to, turn toward (away from

    some point of reference).


    Vl'IJ:l.l1 hiinmaa/ to turn to, turn toward (toward

    ruined, dilapidated.
    Vfn n ~'U haglklab' V to turn back, bend back;

    some point of reference).


    Vl'IJ bVI hiinhee/ V to deviate, be deflected. VI'IJ i1
    J,

    to bend the other way.


    Vfn A::: bb'IJ'IJ hag'khaneen' V to reduce the score

    in n s::: 'tl'IJ Vl'IJ krathanhan' V to be sudden, abrupt.

    or grade, deduct from the score, take points off.

    VI'IJ han' V to cut (into pieces), slice. -+Dist. [i)~.


    I

    1:;

    J,

    1:1n-- to take a deduction in one's score


    'U

    J~1'l6i~'U'IJVI'!JblVIG'ln

    jaausaMn'-ban'H:eg' slang

    or grade, to lose points.

    a great deal, extremely, unsparingly.


    Vl'J
    ( Vl'J)

    Vfn1~ hagcajl V to restrain one's feelings, deny


    the demands of one's feelings (often in connection with separation from a loved one).
    Vfn1tJVfn:l.l1 bagpajlba.gmaa' V to turn this way

    Ma' (hU.a')

    N com. 1. head. 2. front,

    beginning. 3. bulb, tuber. C 4. elf. for heads (as of animals, cabbages); for bulbs, tubers, other root vegetables. -+S y n. 1.

    and that, be winding (as a road).


    Vfn ~ 1 'l
    I

    bA~s, bn;1
    '1.1

    roy. -+Ant. 2.
    d

    As 'tJ-::: ;1~.

    e 1 e g.,

    'l'W 'l hagraan'tMauphon' V e 1 a b.

    1 'J'W 1 ~VI'J
    ~an')

    IV

    ( V'IJ, b sa 'l)

    khaaw'pMadhua' (chln',

    co 11 o q. 1. to clear land. 2. to clear a path (e.g. through the jungle).


    ~~

    N headline news.

    '~VI'J

    khtihua' N 1. colloq. dandruff. 2. dirt


    ~

    Vln'l-l~'l hagla:u' V idiom. to double-cross,


    betray.

    from the head or hair (such as accumulates on a comb). -+S y n. 1. 'V H bbA ........ [i)~VI'J tadhua' V tobehead.
    ~nVl'JS:::bbVI'l

    ....

    com.

    Vfn~1:l.ll ~ hagh~amcajl

    V to restrain one's emo-

    tional feelings, to exert self-control.


    Vfn Vl:l.l haghOom' V to drive oneself, push (one's

    thughua'rahee:u' idiom. everywhere,

    every corner of the earth.


    'tl'IJVl'l (1) thuunhila'; (2, 3) thuun'hua' V 1. to place
    'U

    strength) to the limit, knock oneself out (doing something).


    Vfn ( ) aeJn hag( ... )?~og/

    on the head (in order to carry). 2. to adore,


    1. to break (some-

    idolize. 3. to be beloved, adored.

    --See cross

    580

    reference.
    L'U'W 'VI 'J beenhua' V 1. to turn one's head to one

    ~'J b~:W'IT!II (~'J, eJ'W) hiiakhemkba.d' (hiia', ?an')


    N buckle.
    'VI'J b'/J 1
    ~

    side. 2. (a vehicle) to change direction. 3. to head (a vehicle or mount) in a different direction.

    ""

    'VI'J
    ~

    . bb'll
    I

    ( 'll 1 'l) huakhaw' (kh~au')

    N knee.

    'l hi'iakhen' V to be obstinate, hard-headed. ( bb~'l) hiiakh6on' (hen')

    'VI'J A"1 huakh~m' N dusk, the early evening.

    tJ 'J 111~1 puadhua' V to have a headache.

    ~'J L;'l
    ~

    N curve (as in

    tJn~'J pagMa' V to dive, plunge head first.


    J.,
    ~

    a road).
    'VI'J L'11::.: hua:g5?' N 1. curly hair, kinky hair.

    tJ'W'VI'J panhua' V to work on someone to change

    2.

    his views or to incite him to action.


    ~

    Negrito mask.

    f.l ~n'VI'J phanog'hua' V to nod one's head (in

    ~'J bJ n ( eJ'W, bJ n) hiiacug' (?an', cug') N 1. topknot. q q


    2. certain things or parts resembling a topknot in form or in location, e.g. the tip of an onion bulb, the knob on a jar cover.

    assent).

    ~~~'J fan'Ma' V to be firmly entrenched in


    one's mind, in one's beliefs.

    vn::.:

    b "l1l~'VI'J

    "' ('WS::; eJ ~A,

    eJ ~A)

    phr<ic~wjuuhUa'

    ~'JL"l (~'JL"l,iii'J~) hiiacaV(hiiacaV,duan') N


    1. heart (the organ). 2. fig. heart, mind.

    (phni?on'. ?on')

    N king.

    'W1iii~'J~1'J

    pMad'hUakbaaw' V to give the heado

    -see 1"1.

    line news.

    1 ~ A~'J 1bJ
    ...

    r6og'hiiacaV N heart disease.

    L'WD~'J ph6oghua' V to wear a turban around


    one's head; to wrap a piece of cloth around one's head.

    ~1"1/n~1"1/'W hiiasug'huasun' V to rush, be in a q q


    rush. -+See also following example . o ~:W~'J"1/n~'J"1/'W 16m'-hi1ast1g'hi1asun' V to tumble q q headlong, head over heels.
    "" 4' 'VI'J!II1 hi1ad9Y' V to be bull-headed, stubborn,

    ~'W~'J mynhUa' V to be befuddled, dopey.

    LfJ'W~'J LfJ'W;eW
    ~

    joonhiia'joonk3V V to flip a coin. rQabhUa'rllabMan' V idiom.

    S 'J'U'VI'J :ld'U'VI1

    obstinate.

    1. to gather everything together, take the whole kit and caboodle. 2. to sum everything up, tie everything (e.g. facts, arguments, opinions)

    ~'J

    LA rn n ~::;

    d]tJ :w~'U Ma' diaw'- krathiam'ltib'

    V idiom. to have no friends or relatives, to

    be alone in the world.


    ~

    together.

    'VI'J bi'W'W

    ( bl'VI'l) huathan<Sn' (hen') N the beginning


    "-'

    L1tJ'W~'J wianhiia' V to feel giddy, dizzy.


    ~ ~

    ofastreet. -Ant.

    't11tJbi'W'W.

    'VIelfJ'VI'J h3jhua' V to be suspended head down.

    'VI'J bb bi'J hi':iathtw' N person at the head of a line.

    ~ 'J n::; TI huakathf?' N 1. concentrated coconut


    cream, obtained when the coconut meat is
    ~

    -+Ant. 'VI1'lbbbi'J, 't11fJbbbi'J.

    pressed the first time. 2. fig. the cream, i.e. the best part (of anything).
    ~

    'VI 'J 'W 1 n huan3::Jg' c

    ll 0 q. a person brought up

    -See

    'W"1n::; TI,

    "-'

    or educated abroad.

    'VI1~n::.:n.

    ~'J'WeJ'Wt!~1tJ~'W hi'ian::J::Jn'plaajtiin' N idiom. the


    background of a person (esp. as it bears upon his social status).

    ~'Jn::.:1'VI~n (~1) Makaloog' (Ma') N skull.


    ~'J bn 1 ( A'W) Makaw' V 1. to be conservative,
    traditional, old-fashioned. N 2. (a) conservative (khon').

    ~'JD'W1111 hiiabandaV N eleg. the head of the stairs,


    the top of a staircase.

    ~'J'/Jel (~'J'/Jel) Makh3::J' (Makh~b') N topic,


    subject (as of debate); heading; outline.
    cv

    ~'JtJ~ (~'J) hi1aplii' (hiia') N flower cluster of


    the banana tree.

    Q...'

    Q..l

    'VI 'J '/J 'J


    ~

    ( 1 'W , 'VI 'J 'll 'J ) hi1akh0a' (?an', huakhOa') N

    ~'JiJ hiiapii' N 1. the early part of the year. 2.


    (as n. mod) eldest, first-born. A'W--,
    .,_,

    the point where the stem is attached to a fruit.


    I .,}

    ~n-'U "-'

    'VI'J '/J 1 'J

    ( b ~ 1 ~) Makhaaw' (IJan')

    N news

    the first-born child. -Ant. 1. 't11tJiJ.

    2. 61111'111'1. q

    headline.

    ~1~nn1111 (~'J) hiiaphagH.ad' (hi1a') N turnip.

    581
    ~
    I

    Vl1 'Vl'l a a'W


    hua?~on'

    (9)

    VinJ:ieH

    (Vl'l 1.J:ie.H) huamyan' (hliamyan')

    N
    ~

    V to be tractable, obedient,
    VI 'l bb 'iH
    ~

    1. provincial town. 2. (as n. mod.) provincial.

    easy to teach. -Ant.


    Vl'l lB

    ""

    --comp.
    I

    'U1'W'tHJn. ( '1J 1 'I, tJ 'l) hliamtemyyl, nfw::::


    V

    hual V to laugh. -Used only in special constructions. The usual term is Vl'l b n ~
    ~

    Vl'l bbJ..JJ:iJ,

    tJ 'l--

    hua'mtemyy' (kh.1an'. nfw')

    N thumb.

    -s y n.

    'li'l'W'Vl'l

    ( b ~a 1) chuanhUa' (:r9an')

    N 1. humorous

    D'ltJ,D''ltJ~ ,D'lbb~tJ~
    rice).
    ~

    colloq.
    I

    story, anecdote, comedy. V 2. to be amusing, comical.


    ~

    Vl'lL tJ n hliaj6og' N digging stick (for planting


    ~
    ~

    b ~'WVI'l
    I

    l~nh~al

    V to laugh and play.


    ~

    Vl':J :l'Wbb s
    ~

    hua'runreen' N 1. radical mind, belief.

    Vl'l S J huar~ol V co 11 o q. to laugh.

    -See VIH

    ~.

    V 2. to have a radical mind.


    Vl'l b s t:J 'l VI 'l bb ~
    d
    ~

    Vi 'l b s 1 ~
    ..,
    ~

    huar5? I
    b:l1~

    V to laugh. huar:)? 'ktek~8/ to laugh in order

    huartaw'huareen' N e lab.

    o
    0

    bl'l'WVI'l

    kh{m'huar5?1 V to force a laugh.

    colloq. mainstay, principal force.


    Vl'l b J Marya' N bow, prow.
    ~

    'l b :11 ~ bb n bn J
    ~

    to cover up one's embarrassment. o Vl'l b ~


    ~

    Vl'l

    d b sa~

    ..,

    ( b sa 1, '1Jl) Ma:r9an' (r-9an'. kMo') N

    1~'/J'W

    &""

    huar:)?lkh~n'

    to burst into laughter.

    title, heading, caption.


    ~

    VI'Jbn~iaVI1t:J

    huar:)?tnoohilajl todoubleup

    VI'J bb ~
    ~

    huan:en' N mainstay, principal force. o

    with (violent) laughter. -Also Vl'l b S 1 ~ ~ eJ.

    VI 'l ~ 1 'W hualaan' V to be bald- headed. Vl'l b ~ t:J 'l


    J/
    ~

    Vl'lbn~~e.Jns~e/Jn
    ~

    hliar5?16okrasfg' elab.

    ;!(

    ( UVI~) Malfaw' (hen')


    .._..
    I

    N a curve or

    colloq. to giggle, laugh merrily. o Vl'l b s 1 ~ b t:J 1 ~ huar5?1j:)?l V to laugh at, rid-

    turn (in a road, path, etc.).


    G.J

    o 'lil'J b ~ tJ'".l VI 'llil J

    hualfaw'huat~o'

    N e lab.

    icule and laugh at. o Vl'l b S 1 ~ S 'l'W huar5? 'rOan' to laugh heartily. o 'Vl'l b S 1~~'W hi'iar:)?ll.1n' to roar with laughter. o Vl'l b S 1~~'1 Mar5?1hy?hy?l to chuckle, laugh.
    ~

    transition, turning point.


    Vl'l <;1~t:J1 VI~ Ma'samajmajl V to be modern

    J..

    minded.
    Vl'l <;11 huasuun' V to be proud, pretentious, have
    'll

    Vi'l ~"11 '\'11

    Malamphoon' pN Hualamphong, the cen-

    pretentious beyond one's financial or social status.


    Vl'll. ~t:J huasia' V colloq. to lose one's temper,

    tral railway station in Bangkok.


    Vl'lVt'W huahin' pN Huahin, a popular seaside resort

    inS Thailand.
    Vl1
    <9)

    lose one's head, be in a bad temper.

    ..,

    haa' V 1. to look for, search for, seek. 2 . to accuse. sV 3. to, toward, with a view to, directed toward.

    Vl'l'Vlnn'W'1J1lil hliahbg'k6nkhwld' sV colloq.

    gallivanting about, on the go.

    Vl'J'Vl~ an huan~ogl v
    headed.
    Vl'l'Vl'W 1

    to have gray hair, be gray-

    n ~ 1 'l Vl1 klaawhila' V to accuse, charge, allege.

    -See cross reference. N head, chief,


    QV11 kuu'hila' V to call out (in search of some-

    ( Fl'W) hlian.1a' (khon')

    leader.
    Vl'l'Vl:W'W huamun' V to be confused, overwhelmed,
    ~

    one).
    '1J eJ Vl1 ( '1J J , n ~ ~ 't11 ) kh!bMa' (kh~o', krathon')

    overcome (as by too much work, by excessive responsibilities, etc.).


    Vl'l'Vla:W 'Vl'l
    ~

    N accusation, charge.
    b'1J 1VI1 kh.1wh&al V 1. to go see (someone about

    ( Vl'l) hliah::bm' (hlia') N onion (the bulb).

    something). 2. to give oneself up, turn oneself in. sV 3. to, toward.


    A'WVI1 kh6nh&a' V to search for, look for.

    "" bVllil huahed' V colloq. to be stubborn, headstrong, unyielding.


    (;11) Malajl (kMan')

    Vl'llVI~
    Vl'l an

    N colloq.

    Fl'UV11 ( rl'U)

    kh6bMa'(ka::::) V to associate (with).

    shoulder.
    ( Vl'l an) hlia?og' (hlia?og')

    A'.l1'WVI1 khwaan'hila' V torummagearound,

    N 1. chest,

    feel around in search of (something).


    9lilVI1 cadhaa' v

    breast. 2. colloq. heart.

    to secure, provide, (try to) find.

    'Vl1
    I

    (9)

    582
    'Vl1 t.J 1 n
    h~aj.1agl

    'Vl1 ll

    '11l'W'Vl1 s~::mh&al N hide-and-seek (children's

    V to be scarce, rare, hard to

    game).
    :il'J'Vl1 s)lyh&al V to buy.
    Iii eJ ~ 'Vl1 t~:uM.al V to be accused, charged. ~- -

    find.
    'Vl1 ~ J h~aryyl V to consult, confer. n 1 S--

    dis-

    cussion, consultation.
    d

    --.s y n. tl n~1 .

    defendant; the accused.


    l 'Wl'Vl1
    J-'
    nyah~al

    'VlH S J ~ haarJa:ul V co 11 o q. 1. to look for trou-

    '

    N 1. text. 2. gist, substance.

    ble, invite trouble. 2. to start trouble, dissension.


    'Vl1 b '1 tJ ~ Vyj
    ~ ~

    1'l.J:J.J1'Vl1~ 'IJ 1~'Vl1

    pajmaalhaasuul V elab. colloq.

    to visit, pay visits. fajhaal V to long for, seek for.

    h&allfa:uchiibl V to earn a living,

    seek a livelihood.
    'Vl1 b ~t.J ~ 111 'J

    S'W'Vl1 ronhaal V to look for, go out of one's way

    haallfa:utual V to earn one's living. to accuse of, charge that, claim

    to look for, place oneself in the way of (e.g. danger, trouble).


    bl~'l ~'Vl1 sawee:ulh~al

    'Vl1 'l1 haalw.1a::::

    that.
    V eleg. to search, look for.
    'Vl1l ~t.J ~ h~asia:ul V to campaign, seek votes. 'Vl1 b'Vllil ( rl'\J) Maheedl(ka::::) V to find fault (with).
    9

    'Vl1Tl'W haakinl V 1. to make a living, earn a living.

    2. to look for food.

    \Y~'Vl1J1'Vl1S

    hi1:uMal?aahaanl V elab. eleg.

    o 'Yf1:J.J1'Vl1Tl'W thammaalhaakinl V elab. colloq.


    to earn a living.

    to cook, prepare food.


    1;'Vl1 'Vl1 ll

    n 1 s--

    making a living, earn-

    Mjh~al

    V to call for, send for.

    ing a living; occupation, livelihood.

    haal AA adverb-auxiliary used in the following expressions.

    "' o BJ'VliU~'Vl1Tl'W 'IJ

    ( Fl'W) phQuji:uiMakinl (khonl)

    prostitute, street-walker.
    'Vl1Fl'J1:J.J(li) Makhwaam 1 (sajl) V to make an

    'Vl11~

    haalm.1jl 1 it. otherwise; had it been other-

    wise. NOTE. In certain combinations,


    'Vl1 1~ below.
    I

    'Vl11~

    allegation, accusation (against).


    'Vl1 A 1~i11;

    expresses negation, as in the following examples. Compare also


    I I
    ~

    haakhialb~mfd.1ajl

    1 it. to be inval-

    uable, priceless.
    'Vl1A1i11; Makh.1almfdiajl eleg. to be inval-

    o 1'1111 n'Vl11J.J cha..jlw.1al ... k~Malm.1jl it


    is not that (such and such is the case).

    uable. May be used by some speakers in the meaning "valueless:


    'Vl1Fl MakhOul V to seek a mate.
    'IJ

    o 'l'Wn ~ 1V1111 "l ::;VJ11~ conkwaal-chiiwfdl-cahaal::::


    m.1jl until death, until life shall not (be).
    '111 1~ haal ... ma.jl lit. not.

    'Vl1 b~'W Ma:u;:.ml V to earn money, earn a living.

    o 'Vl1 Fl 'J
    not.

    ~ 1~

    haakhuanlmijl lit. ought not, should

    o 'VlH ~'W'Vl1 'Yl eJ ~ Ma:uanlhaath:x:ru 1 e 1 a b. co 11 o q.


    idem.
    'Vl1 b6J1Tl'WA01 MacMawlkinkhiml V idiom.

    'Vl11;1~ 1~1;)

    Mad.1ajlm.1jl lit. cannot (equiv. to

    to live from hand to mouth.


    ~l"' 'Vl1'Ylb'l.JHJ'\J:J.J iJl Malthtiprlabl-mfdiajl eleg.
    d '"'

    o '1111;, 1~ Mald.1j:::: ... m.1jl lit. not, did not,

    has not, have not.


    o

    incomparable.
    'Vl1tl s::; l t.J cJ'W..- Maprajoodl V to seek profit, gain,

    'V1T~e:Jt.J 1~ h~an:J;:,jlm.1jl
    ~ ~ 1~

    lit. not little, not few.

    o 'V11l U'W'l
    '111 m

    Malpenci:u 1 -mijl (it's) not true.

    advantages.
    'Vl1"li611 h~aplaal V to fish. 'Vl1 ~ iJl Maphldl V to find fault with. 'Vl1 ( ) 'Vj'\J baa( ... )ph6bl

    !ha* E colloq. What! Huh! (indicating surprise, disbelief).

    '111

    haal C eleg.clf.foraheavyrainfall.

    1. to find, come upon.

    --.s y n.
    'Vl1 ll haa 1

    :!:;

    n c om.

    2. to be able to find.
    'Vl1 ( )J.J1 hila( ... )maal to find, procure. 'Vl1 ( ) l~yj'\J Mal( ... )m.1jph6bl to be unable

    N colloq. 1. a spirit believed to be

    responsible for cholera, plague, rinderpest, anthrax. 2. cholera; plague, rinderpest, anthrax.
    bliJl n 'Vl1 dhghaal V v u 1 g. to eat: "to eat the plague."

    to find.

    583
    .,_, I

    Vl1:W

    tlli1'Vl1 jad'M.a' idem.

    far away (from).


    'Vl1--1 'l1 n haau'caag:::

    1Hl'Vl1

    rilogha.a' N colloq. 1. cholera. 2. any

    to be far from.

    virulent disease which destroys large numbers of men or animals; hence also, plague, rinderpest, anthrax.
    'Vl1 h~a'
    d

    'Vl.1--1l ~'W, l ~'W'Vl1--1 haauM<m', ManMau' v 1. to

    stay away (as of a friend who no longer visits). 2. to become estranged as a result of being apart (as of husband and wife).
    I

    Nm five.
    ..,

    lb'W':J(ri)'Vl1

    ('\"l'Jn,A'W) neew(thti)Ma' N idiom.

    eJeJn'Vl1'1('l1n) ?:,~ghaau'(caag:::)
    v

    toturnaway

    1. fifth column, spy ring (phllag'). 2. fifth

    (from), stay away (from), break (relations) (with).


    'Vl1--1
    ~

    columnist, spy (khon').

    ( 'Vl1 --1) Man' (Mau')

    N 1. scaffold (for use

    ~'U~1

    slbMa' Nm fifteen.

    by a hunter). 2. temporary shed (as in an orchard or field).


    'Vl1--1
    l!:l ( 'Vl1--1, lb'Vl--1)

    'Vl1Lllil:W h~attem' V 1. idiom. to commit a faux

    pas, make a foolish or embarrassing mistake. N 2. faux pas, foolish or embarrassing mistake.

    Mau 1 (Mau 1 hu 1 ) N (business)

    firm, commercial establishment, store.


    V
    I

    ~1 ~'U

    Ma'slb' Nm fifty.

    'Vl.1--1

    s 1'\.J

    ( ll'Vl--1, 'Vl1--1,

    s 1'\.J)

    Mauraan' (hen'. Man'.

    'Vl1'V!n h~a'hog' five or six. 'Vl1n haag' V 1. to be separate, apart.

    raan') Cj 2. if, ments.


    'Vl1--1 rn

    N stores, firms, commercial establish-

    in case, provided that.


    lil1'Vl1n tahaag'.*
    I

    in

    1'1!~~1--1

    khwajh.1au' V 1. to have one's

    Colloq. var. of lil1--1'Vl1n

    below.

    legs crossed. sV 2. cross legged; with legs crossed.


    'Vl1b1J haan' V 1. to dare.

    lil1 ~'l-n n taauhaag', tauhaag'*

    1. apart, separately.

    2. on the contrary, contrary to what you think. -See cross reference.


    I

    2. to be brave; chiefly in

    compounds. --s y n. 1. n ~ 1 .
    n~

    bl1'Vl1n(':J1) tMahaag'(w.1a:::) if, supposing that,

    1'Vl16l) kl.1ahaan' V to be brave, bold, courageous.

    in the event that.


    I

    el1'l'Vl16l) ?aadhaan' V to be bold, brave, daring. 'Vl11i1 ( lb'Vl--1) haad' (btu')


    I

    'Vl1nbllil ( ':J 1) Mag'd::::(w~a'), -ta- * but, only. 'V!1n ':! 1 haagw~a' if, in the event that. 'Vl1--1 ('Vl1--1) Mau' (Mau')

    N beach.

    "J1 tl'Vl11i1

    ( '111 tl'Vl11i1, lb'Vl--1) chaajhaad' (chaajhaad',

    N tail.

    hu 1 )
    'Vl11i1m1tl 'Vl1'W

    N beach.
    (lb'Vl--1) haadsaajl(hu') Nsandybeach.

    li11 ':J'Vl1--1

    ( li1 ':! --1) daawhaau' (duau') N comet.

    n'U'11':ln'U'Vl1--1 r11abhUa'r1labhilau' V idiom.

    ( iil1) Man' (tua')

    N goose.

    1. to gather everything together, take the whole kit and caboodle. 2. to sum everything up, tie everything (e.g. facts, arguments, opinions) together.
    'Vl1--1 n:::: TI haaukathf?/ N dilute coconut cream

    '1--11'\.J ~ haab'

    V to carry (something) at both ends

    of a pole placed on one's shoulder.


    'Vl1'U l S ( l 'l1) haabr@e' N 1. peddler (c.1aw').

    V 2. to peddle, hawk.
    'Vl1'U
    L!:J

    haabl C unit of weight equiv. to 60 kilograms

    obtained after the coconut meat has been pressed .., repeatedly. -see 'W'1n:::: 'fi, '11'd n:::: 'fi.
    'Vl1-iltltJ ('Vl1--1) Maupia' (Mau')

    or about 132 pounds.


    'Vl1'U'Vl~'J--1

    haabluau' idem.

    N colloq.

    'Vl1:W haam' V (two or more people) to carry, bear. lbA :1 'Vl1 :W ( llA S ) khr~ehilam' (khr~e')

    queue, pigtail.

    N litter,

    '1--11-il~tl--1 haauslau' N colloq. the intonation


    at the end of an utterance, revealing or betraying the speaker's emotion.
    'Vl1--1l ~ eJ ( el'W) Mausya' (?an') N rudder, helm,

    palanquin.
    lb'Un'V!1:W bhgMam' V to bear, carry (on the

    shoulder).
    I I

    'Vl1:W:I--1'Vl1J.JF1'1 Mamr11u'haamkh.1m' colloq. q

    all

    tiller.
    I

    'Vl1--1 haau' V to be separate, far apart, distant.

    'Vl1:W ha.am' V 1. to be almost ripe (of fruits).

    day and all night; day and night. 2.

    ~1--1ln 61 ( 'l1 n)

    haauklajl(caag:::)

    to be far,

    to be a little off mentally, be a little abnormal.

    584

    " h~am' V 1. to forbid, prohibit, stop, restrain. V!1:J.J


    2. it is forbidden (to) .

    loss, the amount of the loss.

    ..,
    ..,

    ..,

    ~'l Ln ::::.~ eJV!1 rJ hi:\arj?tuoohAajl V to double up


    with (violent) laughter . V!11Jrl'U hAajlkan to be even with each other, clear with regard to each other (as in repaying a debt or obligation, retaliating against an offense).
    V! 1 rJ '1J 1 ~ haajkhaad' V to be completely cured,

    o V! 1 :J.J L'1J 1 Mamkh~w'} Do not enter. o V!1:J.J~'l.J'l.JV!~ Mam'suubburlil} No smoking.


    'i,.l

    q..

    cu

    'I

    fil eJ ~V!1:J.J t~t]h~am' V to be forbidden.

    V!'J

    ~V!1:J.J huauh~am'

    V 1. to restrict against or

    forbid public use. sV 2. restricted, forbidden.

    ~n;1:J.JL(;j

    ha.gMamcajl V to restrain one's emo-

    remedied.

    tional feelings, to exert self-control. V!1 :W'IJ ~ 1 :J.J Mampraaml V to prohibit, forbid.
    V!1:W~el h~amLSo'

    "' haajceb' V to recover, get well. V!11JL'l'l.J


    V! 1 rJ 1 (;j
    1::

    Majcajl V to breathe.

    n 1 S-- breathing,

    V 1. to brake, put on the brakes.


    d LFl S"

    respiration.

    N 2. brake (of vehicle, machinery). brakes.


    V!1:J.JL~el~

    eJ ~--

    o n~'UV!11JL"I kl~n'hAajcajl V to hold one's breath.


    o blel'UV!11Jl~ th:"ion'haajcajl V tosigh.

    "'

    MamlSad' V to stop the bleeding.

    o ~:J.JV!1t11~ lom'hAajcajl N breath.


    o VI 1 tJ 1 (;j L;1
    '.1.>

    V!1tl Majl V 1. to disappear, vanish; to be missing, be lost from sight. 2. to get well, recover, be healed, be cured.
    '1J ibli'Vf1 tJ khwanMajl V to be startled, frightened.

    hAajcajlkh~w'
    ..,

    V to inhale.

    o Vl1t11"l1:J.Jri'J'l'1el~ haajcajlm~jthaath:Sou' colloq.


    to breathe uneasily (as in a tense situation).
    0

    Vl1rJ1~ a an haajcajl?oog'
    ~

    to exhale.

    Fl'UV!1 tl son.

    ( Fl'U) khonMajl {khon')

    N missing per-

    Vl1 tJ Iii 'l hAajtua' V 1. to disappear. 2. to disappear by supernatural power.


    I

    L(;j'Vf1tll~Fl.j"1, 1~V!1tl cajhaajlcajkhw~ml,


    scared out of one's wits. o

    cajhaajl

    Vl1ti'li'Jti haajpuajl V to recover, get well. Vl18l'IJ haajlpajl V to disappear, vanish, be missing.

    V el a b. co 11 o q. to be stunned with fear, get

    ~11(;j'Vf1tl n~alcajMajl
    frightful, frightening.

    V to be shocking,

    o Vl1rJl'IJQ'l.J LVti'J Majlpajchfb'chiawl (He) disappeared completely!


    VI 18 -J''UVI 1 tl A'U haajwan'Majkhyyn' V e lab. co 11 o q.

    Q'l.JV!1 tJ chlbMajl, chfbhaajl, ! chfbhaajl V 1. to perish, be utterly ruined, destroyed. sV 2. m. s p. damned, darned (in the sense of very, extremely). E 3. m. s p. Damn! Darn! -Also 2,3. Q'l.J, -syn. 1. See

    to recover quickly {from sickness); to improve (in health) from day to day.

    V!18~iJ'l'1 hAajlsanld' V to be completely cured,


    healed; to recover completely.
    VI18~'Jtl Majsuajl
    v

    'JeJ~11ti,NOTE.

    In mngs. 2 and 3 used by men sp. to men who are intimates; otherwise insulting. See cross reference. llln'V!1tl toghaajl V to be missing, lost {through having been dropped).

    V to lose beauty.

    VI18VI'U 1VI1 rJ lil1 haajna'haajtaa' V e 1 a b. co 11 o q.


    1. to disappear. 2. to be away, out of sight, not
    'V

    seen by others.

    .... Also

    VI 18 VI'U 1 ,

    LVlel~VI1tl hyadhaajl V to disappear gradually.


    Vl1tJ'U::; hAajjami?l N disaster, calamity, destruction, --Also Fl'd1:J.J--,

    rh ( . , . ) V!1 rJ tham( ... )haajl V to lose, misplace (something).

    ruin.

    L~ti~V!1til'IJ ltauMajlpajl V to sneak away.


    A'hWV!1 rJ silunhaajl V to disappear, be lost.
    'II

    VI 1 ~ haan' V mat h. to divide.

    V!1

    ~~

    'J 8 haan'dOaj::; to divide by.


    ~

    dlrJV!1rJ siaMajl V 1. to lose (beyond recovery), sustain a loss of. 2. to be damaged. 3. to be harmful, detrimental. harm, detriment. o Fl 11 :J.J-- damage, loss,

    Vl1 S" ~~Iii 'd hAan'loutua' to be divisible (mathematic!:llly).

    V!1~el.
    VI 1 'd

    Seeunder

    Vl1

    haaw' V to yawn.

    A1L~ti'V!1El kh~asiaMajl

    N thedamages,the

    V!11'Uel'U hAawnoon' V to be sleepy.

    V11 d V11 'J

    L!J

    585

    ww
    9

    L!J

    in

    1Hl1 ~V11 'J klaanhaaw' under the skies,

    Vl'J r;J ~fi1'1 hiw'-tanld'tanld' to be slightly hungry.

    in the open air.

    "' hlwnaaml V to be thirsty. Vl'J'W"1


    Vl'J 1Vli:J hiwhOojl V to be hungry and weary.

    "' 'J V11

    h~aw'

    V 1. to be fully ripe, over-ripe (of coco-

    nuts only). 2. to be bold, impudent. 3. to be deep, low (of the voice). :IJ::;'\"l;1 'J;(1 'J bajl, ph~n') b ~tJ 1 ;(1 'J
    "' L

    "' Vl'J htw'

    V to hold, carry (something) (by its handle,

    so that it hangs down from one's hand). ns::;bJ1'J (1'U,61n) krapawhtw' (baji,Hlug') N
    'II

    ( 61n, 1'U, eH1) maphniawMaw' (lOug',


    'II

    N fully ripe coconut.


    V to have a deep voice.
    L

    carrying bag, carrying case; handbag, pocketbook (having handles).


    0

    sia:uh~aw'

    V11WW h~mh.?m' V to hack, cut to pieces. -See Vl'W -1


    .J
    Q..,r

    Yl:wl"l ~ fi1 n ~::; btJ 1 Vi 1 phimdlidlkrapawhtw' portable typewriter . 1 'U , ii1 n ) hlib' (bajl, lCug')
    'II

    a'

    "'

    ( J'W, el'W) ht:u' (cMnl, ?an') N shelf. -Syn. J'W.


    QJ

    wmew ( r;J 'J) hlnMV* (tua') Vlfil, 1~ Fl-- hld', r6oghld' N


    Vl'W ( n el'W) h~n' (k~:m')
    "' v

    firefly. scabies (in man only}.

    '}l'U

    N box. N ballot

    '}l'U lYIii s box. WU'U'VlS


    9
    Q,j

    ( 1 'U , ii''IIl n )
    ( 1 'U)
    IV"

    h Hbba.d' (ba jl, l1lug')

    N stone, rock.
    cJ

    n eJ'WVl'W ( n eJ'W) k~~nhln' (k~~n') any size). "' bi1'WVl'W ( n eJ'W) thaanhin' (k~~n') 61nVl'W ( ii'!n) l1lughin' (11lug')
    'll 'II

    N a rock (of

    hlib'burli' (bajl) N cigarette box.


    ~,

    Vl'U b'\"lii'l-i N coal.

    ( Vlii'l

    bF1 HH, el'W) hlibphlee:u' N 1.

    ......

    piano (la:u'). 2. organ (la:u'). 3. accordion (short for '}l'U b'\"lii'l 1 .Jn }(khryan'). 4. mouth organ, harmonica (short for ~'U b'\"lii'l-ilJ1n)(?an').
    <=>/
    C;J

    N (opaque) mar-

    ble(s). GjiJtJVl'W samajlhln' N Stone Age. Vl'W1 an hinn~~g' N stalagmite. Vl'W'Ii'W'J'W ( U~'W) hln'chanuan' (phen') Vl'WtJ::;n 1
    '11

    Vl'\JbGji:J1 graph. N slate.

    ( bFlHH) hlibsian' (khryan')

    N phono-

    ~'U

    L!J

    hlib' V to press, squeeze, crush, extract.

    ;1

    hln'-pakaa'ra:u' N coral rock.

    ~'1 in ~1 b S 1::;~'1 hi:iar:J?Ihy?hy?l to chuckle, laugh.


    Vl~

    Vl'Wtl'W hinpuun' N 1. limestone. 2. tartar calcuIus (i.e. incrustation on teeth).

    "'

    h'Y:u' V to be jealous (of husband and wife; of lovers).


    .1[.,

    Viw;n ( 61n) hinpMa' (lCug')


    'II

    N 1. cliff. 2.
    d

    'ti'V11 khtihyn' V to be jealous, given to jealousy (of husband and wife; of lovers). Vl:W hym' i mit. 1. a humming sound, roaring sound.

    rock, stone. Vl'Wt.lelt.l hlnj5~V N stalactite. Viwil'U iJ fi1 stone. Vl'W'Vlt.Jn hlnjog' N jade. Vl'W bVl~ n 1 i'l ( n eJ'W) hin'legfajl (k~~n') rock. ' Vl'W a eJ'W ( n eJ'W, bbe.J'W)
    ~

    n eJ'W) htn'labmtid' (k~~n')

    N whet-

    V 2. to make a humming sound, roaring sound.

    Vlfi1, 1S Fl-Vl~
    9 "-'

    h)ryd', r6ogh)ryd' N asthma.

    hiln' V to cook. f;Y 1 'iJ 1 'J hunkhttaw' V to cook rice, cook a meal. f;YU:W hi:i:ut6m' V to cook (in general).

    N flint

    hin?:J~n' (k~~n',

    phen')

    f;Y~V11el1V11S

    hu:uhaal?aahaan' V elab. eleg.

    marble (stone). Vl'Wt.l 1'W hlnnajaan' N Hinayana, the southern

    to cook, prepare food. f;Y'W hun' C a Chinese unit of weight used by jewellers, equal to 375 milligrams. [f. Chin.] Vl' W ( 111'J ) hun' (tua') 9 N model, puppet, mannequin,

    nontheistic form of Buddhism (prevailing in Ceylon, Burma and Thailand). -Dis t. Vf:W::; hima?l N snow. '\"l1lJVf:W::; phaaju?lhima?l N snowstorm.
    9

    :WV11 tJ 1'W.

    dressmaker's dummy. bVfil~'W ch~8dhun' V to make a puppet perform. 9 ' S'tJ'Vl'W rCubhun' N model, mannequin, dressmaker's 'II 9 dummy. Vl'WnS::;'\JeJn
    9

    Vl:W::; An hima?'tog' V 1. to snow. 2. it is snowing. Vl:W 1 GllJ himaa'lajl pN Himalaya. Vl1 Mw' V tobehungry. Fl'd1:W-- hunger.

    (1111)

    hunkrab:J~g' (tua') N marionette,

    puppet.
    a'

    Vl1'tl11 hiwkMaw' V to be hungry.

    Vl' WI:J'Wr;J 9

    s ( 1111)

    hunjon' (tua')

    N robot.

    'Vl'W
    9

    586
    (~'W)

    ~'W

    hfin/ (hfin/)

    N 1. share (of stock).

    2.

    hard to listen.
    ~el'W'Vl
    'U

    share (as in a business). [f. Chin.]


    L'iJ 1'Vl'W kMwhfin/ V to go into partnership, team
    9

    ('iJ1~)

    coonhilu/

    (kh~a:n/)

    1. sideburns.

    2. lock of hair growing from in front of a woman's ear, and worn tucked up behind it.

    up.
    'Vl'W~
    1
    9
    "' I

    'J'W hfinsuan/ N partnership (as in a business).

    1;~'Wfl'U'Vl d~jjinJ'kahilu/ 'U


    ears.

    to hear with one's own

    'Vl'W~'W hilnMn/ V to be quick-tempered, impetuous,

    rash.
    'Vl'U hub/ V 1. to shut, close. N 2. space, depres1

    ~ 1 ~'VI (A , el'W,;1 ~ ) 'U 'U


    N eleg. earring.
    'U

    taa:nhilu/ (khfiuJ', ?an/, --Syn.


    lilJ-J'YY com.
    9

    kh~a:n/)

    'U

    sion (esp. between mountains and hills).


    I

    ~ fil'Vr~ lillil1 tldhilu/tldtaaJ' V e lab. colloq. 1.


    to see in one's mind's eye. 2. to be vivid, striking. sV 3. vividly.
    r(1'Vl'fl'd'WSIJ-J thamhuuJ'thuanlomJ' idiom. to pre'~~

    'Vl'UL'iJ1
    1

    (U'Vl~)
    I

    hubkMwJ' (hf:nJ') N com. valley. hubpMaJ' (hf:n/) N eleg. valley.


    2. to

    'Vl'Ue.J1

    ....
    1

    (U'Vl~)

    'V!J-J hfim/ V 1. to cover, wrap around, coat.

    be covered, wrapped around, coated. .... ~ Q'V!J-J L n ~ 1::; ( A'W) r6dJ'Mmkro? J' (khan/)
    9

    tend not to hear .


    N 'U11il'Vl baadhuu/ V 1. to offend one's ears, be
    'U

    armored car.
    'VI ('VI, 'iJ 1 'l) hilu/ (hilu/, kh~a:n/)
    'll

    disagreeable to hear. 2. to hurt one's feelings


    N 1. ear (body-

    'IJ

    upon hearing.
    tiel ~'VI P~DJ'huuJ' V to put one's hand to one's ear
    'U

    part). 2. ear-like appendage or instrument.


    NOTE. ~ is often coupled with lil1
    (9)

    "eye"

    in order to hear better.


    L'iJ'W'V! L'iJ'Wiil 1 LL 'fi'W penhuuJ'pentaa/ -them/ idiom.,
    'U

    in semirepeated expressions, but the meaning of 'VI is not necessarily reflected in the meaning
    'U

    e lab. co 11 o q. to keep an eye on things, take


    charge of things (for someone).
    L'illil'VIL'illillil1 p88dhi1uJ'p88dtaa/ V
    'U

    of the resultant combination. See 'iJ~'U'Vl'iJth.Jiil1,


    'U

    dJfil'VlL'ilfillil1,~fil'Vl~fillil1, andothersbelow.
    'U 'U

    elab. colloq.

    un 'J'Vl
    .,_,'11
    'U

    k~ewhuuJ'
    ....

    N eardrum .

    to keep one's eyes and ears open in order to learn.


    I

    1 n 61 'Vl1 n Sllil1 kl~jhilu/kl~jtaa/ e lab. colloq.

    right under (someone's) nose, close to (and therefore subject to) the observation or supervision of (someone).
    'iJ~'U'Vl'iJ~'Uiil1 khajlb/hilu/-khajlbJ'taa/ V e lab.
    'U

    LL'li ~~'VI prf::n/huu/ V 1. to sound odd, different from


    'U

    usual, not quite right. 2. to sound unlikely, not quite believable.


    ~lil'Vl~lillil1 phldhUuJ'phldtaa/ elab. colloq. V
    'U

    co 11 o q. to wink, i.e. signal by a wink.


    'iJ 'd 1 ~'VI khwaanhuu/ V to offend the ears, be
    'U

    to look changed; to have changed markedly in appearance.


    ~liln
    'U

    offensive to listen to.


    ~lil'l-1 ~~-- khadhiluJ', fanJ'khadhuuJ' V to be dis'll'

    s eJn'V!( 'd 1)
    'U

    pMudJ'krooghUuJ'-(w~a/)

    1. to talk

    into a person's ear. 2. to drop a hint, or make a complaint which is intended for the ears of a particular person present .

    pleasing to the ear, not sound right, be jarring.


    'iJ'Vl khiihuuJ' N earwax.
    ._,'II

    J-'

    Fl'W'Vl khunhuu/ V to sound familiar, be familiar


    9 'U

    rr~ 1~~'W'fi'Vl fa:nJ'-m~jsanldJ'huuJ' 'U


    unlikely, not quite believable.

    to sound odd,

    to the ear. A'VI ( Fl'W) khfiuhiJ.u/ (khon/)


    'U'U

    different from usual, not quite right; to sound


    N 1. (an) intimate,

    '

    (one's) trusted companion. 2. (as n. mod.) intimate, trusted, faithful. o L'I'HJ'WFl'Vl ph9an/khfiuhuuJ' intimate friend,
    'U'U

    rr ~ vr1;'VI fa:nhUuJ'wajhUuJ'
    'U 'U 'U

    i d i 0 m. to take

    (things one hears) with a grain of salt.


    LEJ'W'Vl jen/hliu/ V to be pleasant to listen to.

    bosom companion.
    L FllJ'Vl kh88Vhilu/ V to sound familiar, be famil'11

    ~J-J'Vl~J-Jiil1 lyymhuu/lyymtaaJ' V e 1 a b. co 11 o q.
    'U

    to open one's eyes to, or become aware of what is going on around one.
    'Vl'W'dn\J' nl.iaghuuJ' V to be noisy, deafening (of

    iar to the ear. L~lJ'Vl'VH ntahilu/fan/ to cock the ears, i.e. try
    'U

    587
    sound). 'Vlll :J::; 1711 tJ
    'II

    b'f-1171

    fright).
    ( el'W, VI) hliukrataaj/ (?ant, hUul)
    'II

    1.

    bVl'i J J eJn

    uya?:,:lgl v

    to perspire.
    N 1. gum(ofteeth).

    bow tie. 2. bowknot.


    d VI~
    'II

    bVI~eJn

    ( bVI~eJn)

    uyag' (uyag')

    hiiuchli' co 11 o q. extreme, extremely: "ear-sizzling."

    2. gills.

    "' bVI~

    (Q)

    ~ J n)

    bed' (d:,:lg')

    N mushroom.

    o bb'\IH VI~ pheeu'huuchli' to be extremely expen'~~

    ~ eJn bVI~

    "'

    d:,~hed'

    N mushroom.

    sive.
    Vl'li1'i
    'II

    Vl'J bVr~ huahect'


    N windwing of

    V idiom. to be stubborn, head-

    ('U1'W) hliuchaau' (baan')

    strong, unyielding.

    an automobile: "elephant's ears."


    ' Vl1711 111 'i huutaatsawaau' V 1. to be wide-awake.
    'II

    bVr~

    lfl

    in

    VI:Wb~~bV~ln 'U

    muuhed'pectkaj/ N elab.

    "' co 11 o q. meats of various kinds. NOTE. b'f-1~


    has no independent meaning in this expression, but rather has a euphonic function, rhyming with b11~.
    bVl171
    9

    2. to be well-informed, wide-awake about what


    is going on.

    Vl~'l huutytJ' V tobehardofhearing. -Dist. 'II


    VIVI'W 1 n "deaf."

    ( bVl171 , IJ ~::; n 1 s , J tJ 1 'i ) heed' (heed', prakaanl,


    9

    '

    VILrl~~'W'Yl (el'W) hliu'thoorasabl(?an')


    '~~

    'II

    "'

    N tele-

    jaa.lJ')

    N 1. cause, reason. C 2. idem.

    phone receiver.
    VI b'U 1 hiiubawl V to be credulous.
    'II 'II

    ~~VI:J.J1f'JbVI171 (~'IJ'U) codmaajheedl (chabab') N 9


    written account, record (as of events), document.
    ~

    Vli.J 11711 b blJ'W huupaa'taathyan' V e 1 a b. co 11 o q.

    '

    1 tJ bVlfil'W dOajheed'nii' therefore, for this reason,


    9

    :!/

    to be ignorant of what is going on, of what is happening.


    Vll 1 hiiuwaj/ V to have keen ears, be quick in
    'II

    because of this.

    L~f'Jl~bVIfil doojch~jheed 1 9
    for no reason.
    fil 'W bVl171
    9

    eleg. unnecessarily,

    he a ring things.
    VIVI'W 1 n huunuag'
    'II

    ( IJ ~

    ::; n 1 ~ , J tJ 1 'i ) tl'lnheectl (prakaanl,

    '

    V to be deaf.

    "' 'i .....Dis t. Vl171


    'II

    jaa.lJ') N cause, origin.


    b1J'W bVI171L;
    9

    "hard of hearing."
    VI huu' V to be wrinkled, shrunken, shrivelled.
    'II

    penheed'h~j::::;

    to cause, be the cause of.


    N

    '

    :W61 bVl171
    'U
    9

    ( J

    u1 'i , el'W)

    muunheed' (jaau'. ?an')

    ' VI~VI hodhuu' V to be sad, depressed, dejected.


    o

    1 ~VI~ VI
    'U

    'U

    '

    caj/hodhuu' V to be downhearted,

    cause; original, basic cause. ' 11 bVl171 ( J ll1 'i 'IJ ~::; n 1 ~ ) saabeedl (jaau'. prakaanl)
    9
    ~

    despondent, depressed, heartsick.


    VI in
    'U

    N origin, caus:,.
    VI:J.Jl tJ bVlfil
    9

    -s y n.

    fil'W bVI~. N

    b 1711VI
    'U

    t~whQu/

    N bean cake, bean curd.

    ( bbVI 'i , '1J eJ ) maajheed' (heu'. kh:S:l')

    [f. Chin.]
    bVI bee' V to deviate, deflect, turn off the normal

    note, footnote.
    Vl1 bVl171 ( nu) Maheed'(ka::::;) V to find fault (with). 9 ' bVl171 n 1 Hii, ( J ll1 'i) heedkaan' (jaau') N 1. incident,

    course.

    Vl'W bVI h.anhee'


    bVl'i in 'IJ:W bVl'i

    V to deviate, be deflected.

    event. 2. circumstances, situation. o


    bVl171 n 1 ~;"'J J 'I
    9

    khomheeu' V to bully, browbeat,

    161 n

    heedkaan'kh:S:ltJll'log' N world

    abuse, mistreat, persecute.


    bVI 'i 1 uaw'

    events, world situation. o


    bVl171 n 1 Hl!I'I'U 'IJ'W heedkaan'khabkh<ln' an emer9

    V to be lonesome, lonely. 1'1 11 :W--

    loneliness.
    b ~f'J'U bVl'i 1 utabuaw'

    gency situation .
    .._,

    to be quiet and lonely,

    bVI171'1!~'1JeJ~ (bVI171) heed'khadkh~u'(heed') N 9 q


    obstacle, hindrance, interference, handicap.
    bVl171 ~n b Q'W heed'chugch~an' N emergency. q q
    bVl171l~'W heedchan<lj/ 1 it. why, for what reason.
    9

    quiet and lonesome.


    bVl'i 1VI'i lll uawu:SV V to be lonesome, sad and

    lonesome, lonesome and quiet or subdued.


    bVI 'i 1 See
    b

    b 'i 1 .

    bVI171L~ heeddaj/ eleg. why, (for) what reason,


    9

    Vii J .lJYa'

    N sweat, perspiration.

    whatever reason.
    bVll11'l1 heed'thti::::;
    9

    bVIi eJn 1'W .l]yakaan' N (a) cold sweat (as from

    the reason why, the reasons why.

    588
    V
    I

    '" b'J!l'W
    out regard to, without regard for.
    " I ._,

    b'Vlrlt:JSI
    9

    ( 'V!, lt:J 1 ~,

    'lJ ~ :::n 1 ~) heedpMn'

    (kh~;:,l,

    jaau', prakaan') reason (for doing something).


    b'Jill'~
    9

    o b'J!l'WLLn ltil hen'ked.iajl to be acquisitive, covetous. -Syn. L61J1.


    '<
    I~

    l:;

    heed raj! e leg. why, for what reason,


    o

    whatever reason. o b'Vj n::: b'Vll'll:; phr5?heed' raj! why, for what
    9

    b'Vl'Wbbn Iii 1 hen'khua' to think only of oneself,

    be selfish. A 1 'l :W-I

    selfishness.

    reason.

    bVJ'W bb n 'J!l'W 'l hen'ken..al to be partial, prejudiced.

    bVliiiG11i1161'u heed'-sud'wfsajl N unavoidable


    9 9

    " ( ) b'V 'l hen( ... )kh.iw' to catch sight of. L'Vl'W
    bVl'WA 1 S henkhuanl V to deem it proper to, see

    circumstances, circumstances beyond one's control.

    fit to.
    bVJ'W "l
    'U

    m.r~ b'Jill'~ ?ubad'tiheed' N e 1 e g. accident. 9 9


    mJ'I11 b'Vlfl ?upad'thawaheed' N eleg. accident.
    9 9

    r 'l

    henciu'

    to be convinced.

    o Sbl"l ~ bVl'W "l ~ nluc~eu'Mnciu' V e lab. co 11 o q. to perceive and understand clearly. o 1 ;b Vl'W'l

    " W hen/ V to see. bVl'

    n 'l S-- seeing, act of seeing.

    A11 :W-- (see below).


    fl 11 :w bVJ'W khwaamhenl N idea, opinion.

    r~

    Mjhen'ciu' convincingly. AA 1. seem, appear. 2. appar-

    -s y n.

    " 'l::: hen'ca::: b'J!l'W

    msfi'W:::,TIA'W::: eleg.

    ently, probably.
    fl 1 'lJJ--

    "!l'W fJ til b'J


    ~

    khfdhen' V to think, deem.

    bVl'W 1 'l hencajl V 1. to sympathize (with), be

    opinion, idea. o AblJ.Atilb'Vl'W8rJ'l~ls khun'-khfdhen'jaauraVl 9


    '" I

    sympathetic (toward). 2. to see someone 1 s true nature or feelings.


    bVJ'W'Ul'U ( rl'U)
    fl 11 :W- -

    sympathy.

    What do you think? What is your opinion?

    MncM;:,bl(ka:::) V to agree (with), -+Also


    bVl'WA bVl'W'tll'U.

    " duuhenl V to be able to see. til b'Vl'W


    'U

    approve, be in favor (of).

    & " 'Wn L'Vl'WJ11'Vj nyg'henpMabl V to picture, imagine,

    bVl'WV11il Mn'chiiwfdl V to have seen life, be

    visualize.
    L'Vj l b'Vl'W bb n ph)lahen'kh:::
    I

    experienced about life or living. for the sake of.

    '" "'1 tJ hendOajl to agree (with what has been said). b'Vl'Wtil " "" " L'Vl'Wiilb'Vl'Wn:W hendii/henuaam' Velab. colloq.
    to agree, approve. -Also

    :W! ~ l:w b'J!l'W m;:,;:,u'm~jhen' can't see (e.g. because

    of darkness, mental block, etc.).

    "' "" b'Vl'Wiil.


    V

    '"!l'W m::J::Jl)henl V 1. to see, catch sight of. :W l ~ b'J


    2. to conceive (of). 3. to be able to see.

    bVJ'W A bVr'W J l'U ( rl'U ) MndiilhencM;:,bl (ka:::)

    e 1 a b. co 11 o q. to agree (with), approve, be in favor (of). -+Also


    bVr'WA, bVr'W'tll'U.

    "' b'" :; J!l'W nluhenl V 1. to know, have experience.


    'U

    2. to see, witness. 3. to witness (e.g. wrongdoing) with acquiescence.


    ; bVl'W b'iJ'W 1 'l nluhen'pencajl e lab. to witness
    'U

    " ~ b'Vl'W bl'Wiil


    bVr'W'I11

    hen'thanad' V to see clearly.

    henth~a' V to get an indication of a situahentMalm..jdiil to sense a bad

    tion, sense a situation. o

    (i.e. have full knowledge of the facts) and to connive, be secretly accessory, be an accomplice. -See also
    b'iJ'W1 'l.

    bVJ'W~'l1~~
    situation.

    b'Vl'W'l.J s::: 'l n '(of henlpracag/ v

    '"

    "'

    to perceive clearly.

    " lou'khwaamhenl V to conclude, to Sl 'l fl 1 'l :W b'Vl'W


    come to a general conclusion, agreement.

    "-"d ~ b'Vl'W b1J'W b s l HJ'W hen'- penr)lau 'khan' thought it


    was a funny story.
    bVr'W~ li1 b'iJ'W'tll'U Mnphld'pencM;:,bl V to mistake

    " '! b'Vl'W " leu'hen' V to foresee. bSl

    '"!l'W leehenl V to see, catch sight of. LLSI b'J


    to be inquisitive, curious, meddling, nosy. _..Also G1 l til S
    ~

    wrong for right, bad for good.

    " ._, b'Vl'Wt:J li1 G1 ~


    ~

    bn M Mnphld'sankeed'

    to sense

    something unusual happening.


    bVJ'W'Vj ~ l:Wrl'W henphr5;:,mlkan:::

    "'

    'U

    V to agree unan-

    b'Vl'WLLn Mnlk:::

    to look out for, think (only) of. for the sake of.

    imously.
    "' b'J!l'W'VjJ~(Ii11tJ)

    o b'Vj l b'J!l'W Un
    ~

    ph)lah~m'kE::::

    "'

    henph:S;:,u'(dQajl) V toagree.

    o :w b'Vl'WLLn mfhenlk::: without thinking of, with-

    LVr'W 1 S '1 henlrajrajl to see vaguely, indistinctly

    "'i'W L'V
    in the distance.

    589

    "' ~ 1n 'We:Jn LVl'WeJ


    to be of the opinion that, think

    n~;,gnya/caag~

    moreover, over and

    "' W 'd 1 LVl'

    h~n/w~a~

    above, aside from (that}.

    that; to realize that; to see, perceive that.


    LVJ'W6id.JA 'd

    ITn ~ L'VItl eJ

    a'

    pagnya/ N c om. the north, the northern

    h~n/somkhuan/ to see fit to; to think

    part (of the country). d\1 A LVi'\J eJ pMagnya/ N e 1 e g. the north, the

    it appropriate.
    '" W eJ n L'V '"i'W 'lb 11 LVl'

    h~n?og/h~ncaj/

    V e 1 a b. co 11 o q.

    northern part (of the country}.

    to sympathize.

    "' eJ'U L'V '"i'W lyab/hen/ V to catch a glimpse of. LVl&1

    rays .

    1VIA 'd 'ld-1 LVl'W

    ..,

    '"

    h~j/khwaamh~n/ V to give an opinion.

    "' eJ ~ :W nyalam/ upwind, windward, on the windLVl'W


    ward side. -Ant. b;&1d.J.
    LVl'WeJ~

    co 11 o q. to be curious, inquisitive.
    <:

    nyaj/ V to be tired, weary, fatigued. A'd1d.J--+Syn. ~lil1s~ V to be tired. eleg.

    eJ eJ n A'd 1 :W L'Vi'W

    ?~;,g/khwaamh~n/

    to give an idea,

    tiredness, fatigue.
    "' li1 LVl'W d eJ ~ nednyaj ' ' / bVl'W
    d

    opinion.
    "' l'1 b'Vi'W
    <:

    in

    "' l'1 bVl'W

    d eJ ~ L'Vi'W

    nectnyaj/ V to be tired.

    LVl'W eJ ~ 1 "I nyajcaj/ V to feel tired and discouraged.


    LVl'WeJ~'Vi'W1~

    L'Vi'W'U neb/ V 1. to insert, stick in. N 2. numbness.

    nyajnaaV V to be tired (of).


    nyajh~;,b/

    L 1J'W LWW'U penneb/ V 1. to feel numb, be numb. 2. to go to sleep (as of a limb}.


    LVl'W'U'ti'l nebchaa/

    LVl'WeJ~VleJ'U

    V to gasp for breath from

    fatigue.
    LVJ'U
    t9J (

    1. to be numb. 2. to have

    !il'd )
    ~n

    heM (tua/)
    ~

    N tick, i.e. woodtick.

    beriberi. N 3. short for o

    1SA--

    beriberi.

    <:

    -Also

    lil 'd L'Vi'U.

    1sAL 'V!.iJ'U'ti1

    r6og/nebchaa/ N beriberi.

    "' l!l bVl'U


    '\.1

    in
    ci

    "' Lvru
    I

    lO.ugheb/ N hail.

    b'Vi'WeJ::::'Vi'W:::: n2J?na?/ V colloq. to be sticky. LVl'W 1:::; 1 n;,?n;J? /

    '" lil n ro.ugheb/tog/ to hail. o iil n Lwu


    L'Vid-1 in Vld.J'W L'Vid-1

    co 11 o q. easily, with ease.

    mlnmee/ V to be precarious,

    b'Vi'W~:W niam/ V to be shy. -+Syn. eJ1~.


    L'VitJ~ 'd niaw/ V 1. to be tough (as of fiber, mem-

    perilous, risky.
    LVll1'W m~n/ V 1. to smell bad, stink, be foul-smelling.

    'tJ 1 'd L'VitJ~ 'd kh~awniaw/ N glutinous rice.

    ..,

    brane}. 2. to be sticky, viscous.

    2. to smell foully of .
    L'Vid.J'W L'tJ~ 'd
    <: "'

    m~nkhlaw/

    V to smell- bad. According

    -Opp. 'tJ1'db'11.
    'tJ
    Jf
    L'Vi'W~'d

    to some speakers, to have an odor of crushed green leaves.


    L'Vid.J'WA'l 'd menkhaaw/ V to stink, smell foully of
    <:

    "'

    khtiniaw/ V colloq. to be stingy.


    lii~::::'Vi'W

    -Syn.

    eleg., 'tJlilli1 colloq.

    :1/~

    A'W L'VitJ~ 'd dinnlaw/ N clay.

    raw meat, blood, fish.

    LVi~~ 'd nlaw/ V 1. to pull. 2. to hold back.


    d Vl'W d ~ bVl'W~ d
    I

    "' LVld.J'W~~ menchuj/ V a bad odor to arise and be


    diffused suddenly.
    LVll1'WQ menchuu/ V to smell very bad, stink badly. LVll1'W

    nua:unlaw/

    to hold back, delay.

    LVl{l eJ nya/ sV com. 1. above. 2. north, northern, to the north, to the north of. V 3. to be supe-

    ..,

    1~

    'U

    menchoo/ to smell very bad, stink badly.

    riorto. -Opp. 1, 2. blil. 1 it., el eg.


    -~The

    -syn. 2.

    "' "' L'Vfd.J'W~ "' b'Vfd.J'Wlil, menty?/, mentu?/ to have a slightly


    unpleasant odor.

    literary and the common

    terms for the eight chief points of the compass are listed under
    1>'d L'Vi'"' 'tJ W eJ khO.anya/

    "' l'1 L'Vfd.J'W~


    food).

    m~nbuud/

    V to smell very bad (of spoiled

    TI A
    N 1. north pole (of a magnet}.

    '" L'Vf:W' W b'd U eJ menbya/ V colloq. to be fed up, bored

    2. geog. North Pole.


    'ti'l'd L'VItleJ (A'W) chaawnya/ (khan/}

    (with). N Northerner.
    b'Vid.J'W blJ S ~ 'd menprtaw/ V to smell unpleasantly
    <;

    Jf

    l\11 'db V!tleJ daawnya/ N the North Star.

    sour.

    rlA

    L'VItleJ thfdnya/ N north.

    "' W6i TU b'Vi:W'

    m~nsaab/

    V to smell, stink (as of some-

    o '111~rlA L'VitleJ thaa:uthfdnya/ to the north.

    one who needs a bath).

    b'\UJ'W b'Vl:J.J'Wfl'U men?ab" V to smell musty, stuffy.


    I
    ~ ~

    590

    --s y n. 2. See
    'U

    A~

    1 r.J

    bVI':J.Jfl ma<:l/
    I

    to be inattentive, have one's eyes

    Iii b'V!:lJ fl'W duumyan/ (it) looks as though, seems as

    and mind directed away from the subject at hand.


    b'Vl:J.J fl ~ fl r.J ma<:ll::l::Jj/ V to be vacant, wandering
    o

    though.
    '1'11'1'11 b'Vl:J.J fl'W thamthtta"myan/ to act like. b'lJ Sr.J'U b'Vi:lJeJ'W prlabmyan/ V to be like, comI "'

    aimlessly (of eyes and mind).


    bVI':J.J1 maw/ V 1. to contract for work.

    2. to buy

    parable to, analogous to.


    b Gi:J.Jfl b'V!:lJfl'W sami:}<:l/myan" V to be equal and

    or sell as a whole (rather than by the piece). 3. to deduce, assume without evidence.
    'IJ 1 r.J b'Vl:J.J 1 kh!1ajm.il:w/ V to sell in bulk, to sell

    comparable.
    b'Vlilfl'Wrl'W (1) myan"kan; (2, 3) myankan/ 1. to be

    wholesale (i.e. without allowing selection of individual or choice pieces).


    ;'U b'Vl:J.J 1 nibmaw" V to contract (for work), accept

    similar, alike, the same. 2. also, too, likewise. 3. either (with negative expressions). NOTE.
    b'V!:lJeJ'Wrl'W means "also, too" in the sense of

    a contract.
    b'VI:J.J 1 b 6i 'l maw sed/ to contract for everything

    "likewise, the same." Iii 'J r.J means "also, too" in the sense of "in addition." A similar distinction exists for the meaning "either" in negative expressions. "' b'Vl:J.Je:J'Wn'W "' ""' (1) dttaj/myankan"l; (2) dttaj/o 1lil myan"kan 1. That's all right too. That's possible too. 2. to get the same thing, have got the same thing. o
    b'Vi:lJeJ'Wn'Wn'U myan"kanka:::::

    altogether; to buy or sell everything as a whole. --Sometimes best translated simply "altogether."
    b'Vl:J.J 1'\!l:J.Jiil mawmod/ idem. b'Vl:J.J 1 b fJ 1 'J 1 m!1w/?awwtta" to deduce that. b'VI:J.J 1::::
    @

    m:J?/ V to be suitable, appropriate, fit, -+C omp.


    Gi:J.J.

    fitting; to fit.
    ~flb'VI:J.J1::::'1'Wb'l1::::

    ph::J::Jm:J?"ph::J::Jc:J?/ V elab.

    to be exactly the

    colloq. to be just right, fit exactly.


    ~'U

    same as. o

    b'Vl:J.J1:::: sobm~?/
    m~?/ka:::::

    to be opportune.

    "' ""' b'Vl:J.Jfl'Wn'W'Vl:J.Jiil myan"kanmod" to be all alike,


    all the same, altogether the same.
    "' "-' I

    b'Vl:J.J1::::Lbn

    to be suited to. V to fit perfectly, be just

    b'Vl:J.J1:::: b'l1::::

    m~?c?:,?/

    b'Vl:J.Jfl'Wn'U'J1 myan"kawtta" as if, as though.

    right.
    b'Vl:J.J1::::~:J.J m:J?s~m/

    "' ""'~ myan"dan::::: b'VI:J.Jfl'Wiil


    V to be suitable, appropriate,
    .J
    I

    as, like.

    b'V!:lJeJ'W'Vl'W~ 'J 1 myan"n5rtJwtta" as if, as though. b'Vlr.Jfl::::LL'Vlr.J:::: ja?j?" V to be mucky, gooey, slimy.
    .J

    proper.
    L'Vl:J.J1:::: lB in L'Vl:J.J1::::LL'Vl:J.J::::

    sV with a pattering

    b'Vlr.J 1 in 1 1 bvm 11

    wtn"jawjaw" to run slowly, trot

    sound.
    L'Vlilr.J 'J, b'Vlilr.J 'J 1 mlaw", mlawmlaw" i mit. 1. meow,

    along.
    b'Vlr.J 1 jttw" N home. b ! fl'W , as below.
    "-'

    -Chiefly in combinations with

    the sound made by a cat. 2. the sound used for calling a cat. --Cf. LL:J.J 'J
    b'Vl:J.Jfl~
    "'

    --Dis t.

    "'

    1 'J

    iJ b'Vlr.J 1il b! fl'W


    I "-"

    miijttw"miiryan" V e 1a b. co 11 o q.
    Q./

    (b'Vl:J.Jfl~,LL'Vl~)
    "' I

    myan"(myan",hn")

    N mine
    f)
    'U

    to be married, have a family (usually of a woman).


    r.J n'U b'Vlr.J 1 b e.J 1 n'U b s fl'W juu"kajttw"- fttw"karyan/
    V V
    Ql

    (of ore).
    b'Vl:J.Jfl~LL~
    "' I

    ( b'Vl:J.Jfl~) myanr~e" (myan") N ore'UflLL~.


    I

    "'

    V e lab. co 11 o q. to stay at home and look after things (considered a good quality for a woman).
    b'Vlr.J 1::::
    @

    mine. -Syn.
    "'

    o n 1 S 'Yh b'Vl:J.J fl ~ LL S kaantham"myanr~e/ N oremining.


    L'V!:lJ fl Iii in ~ 61'\J b'Vl:lJ fJ Iii

    j:J?/ V to add, put a bit of (something) on. j?:l?"-namplaa"n?:>jsfl Put

    o salob"myad/ V slang to -see


    ~ 611J.
    I

    b'Vlr.J1::::~1'lJ611'Vl~flr.JoV

    a little fish sauce on it.


    L'Vlr.J 1:::: lB See entries below.

    be unconscious.

    b'Vl~fl'W myan" V 1. to be the same as (in quality).

    1~ b'Vir! 1::::1

    wtn"j:'J?j:J?/ to run slowly, trot along.

    2. to be like, resemble. Cj. 3. like, the same as. Pp 4. like, the same as. -Dist. L'Yl1.

    b'IW1::::Lb'Vlr.J:::: j~?j?/ sV ne>ttakingcommitments

    or responsibilities seriously.

    591
    tJ ~ LVW ~ jOtJj~;:)D' V to be in great confuI A

    LVH.11

    sion, disorder.
    I

    '

    ware; anything made of iron or steel.


    c;

    L'VItit.Jiil

    0J

    jlad' V to stretch, stretch out full length.

    'tf1 ~ b'VIGJ n
    [il
    "'
    1

    ( A'\J}

    cMauleg' (khon') to forge iron.


    V

    N blacksmith.

    lHJ'lJ L'VItit.Jiil n;,~mjlad' V to lie stretched out, lie

    b'VIGJ n
    ~

    c;

    tiilegl v

    CJ;

    down at full length.


    tJ 1 'J L'VIti tJ li1 jaawjlad' V to be stretched long, be

    ~ 1'\J b'VIGJ n

    as in 'VIGJ
    v

    ~ ~ 1'\J b'VIGJ n

    lau'm.1anleg'

    behind the Iron Curtain.


    I

    c;

    long and stretching.


    L'VItit.Jiil lfl jlad' V 1. to revile.

    bL~b'VIGJn

    (eJ'lJ)

    m~deg'

    (?an') N magnet.

    2. to despise, hold

    Gi~tl b'VIGJn

    "'

    samajlleg' N Iron Age.


    ( ;eJ'lJ) hin'legfajl

    in contempt.
    L'VItim.J

    ~'\J L'VI~ n 1'W


    rock. below) ..

    (k~;,n')

    N a flint

    jlab' V 1. to step on, set foot on, tread on,

    "' trample. 2. to verge on (see L'VItimn eW


    1'UL'VWtJ'Utl1
    "' lo

    '" n n G11 legkl.1a' N steel. b'VIGJ


    b'VI~ n 1 'lJ ( el'\J) legnaj' (?an')

    (1'U) bajljlabj.1m' (bajl)

    N land

    N sting, stinger

    certificate (issued on the condition of use and improvement e.g. as to a homesteader).


    L'VItitJ'U ( ) fil1 tJ jlab( ... )taajl to trample to

    (of an insect).
    q ' b'VIGJ n '"' W li1 legph9Yd' N wrought iron.
    <;
    A

    b'V161 n 'J 6111i1 b'VIGJ'\J ( A'\J)

    leg'wH.1ad' N iron plated with tin. leen' (khon') N great-grandchild.

    death.
    "' tl'U Hl tJ jlabr:S;,jl to be as many as a hundred, L'VItl

    b'VIGJ 'J leew' V to be liquid. 'lJ eJ ~ b'VIGJ 'J

    close to a hundred. NOTE.

    L'VItitJ'U by itself is

    kh:J;,uleew' N liquid. -+Dis t. 'lJ eJ ~ 1 'VI~

    used in a similar sense only with the numerals


    i'lJ "thousand" and
    d
    ~

    61 ~ b'VISl 'J l6mU~ew' V to fail. b'VIGJ 'J bb'VIGJ n leewlhg'

    'VIn'\J "ten thousand."

    to be dissolute, good-

    L'VItl tJ 'J

    ( fil 'J )
    d

    j law' (tua')

    N hawk.

    for-nothing.
    b'VISl 11 'VISl leewlaj I

    o LJ1n L'VItltl'JLJ1nn1 paagjlaw'paagkaa' N idiom. danger, peril, hardship.


    LvW tJ 'J 'lJ 1 'J
    d

    V 1. to be nonsense, trivial.

    2. to be unreliable, undependable, dissolute. N s 1 a ng


    b'VISl eJ
    +

    ( A'\J) jlawkhaaw' (khon')

    1~;:)1

    V (the face) to look blank, silly.

    news reporter. [prob. tr. f. Eng. newshawk]


    L'VItl eJ jya' N 1. bait, decoy.
    9

    btJ eJ b'VISl eJ p~;:)l~;:)' V (the face) to look blank, silly.

    "'

    2. victim, prey.

    b'V1611

    0J

    law' V to sharpen (as a pencil); to whittle,

    LD'\J L'VI~ eJn S::; 61'\J penjya'krasi:in' V 1. to be cannon

    trim, smooth (as a stick).


    b'VI611 lfl
    ( LL'VI~)

    fodder. 2. to fall prey to a bullet.


    eJ eJ tJ L'VIt.l eJ L'VIU eJ n

    law' (hE:u')

    N a big Chinese res-

    "'

    ?~jljya'

    V to bait, lure with bait. N jar, jug, vessel.

    taurant. [f. Chin.]


    L'VIG11 law' C 1.

    ( 1 'U)

    jyag' (bajl)

    group. 2. milit. unit. -+Syn.

    L'VI S ~ See

    L'VI :1 ~ L'VI :1 ~
    'VI~ eJ.
    -see also
    0

    1. See 'W'J n.
    AQ! bD'lJSl n b;1 L'VI~ 11 fl:i khun'-penl0ugt.1w'::
    9 9J

    L'VI :I eJ r~;:)l. Colloq. variant of L ~ eJ::; b'VI;fll~n

    lawkhrajl Whose child are you?


    bD'\J'VI~ LD'\J L'VI~ 1 penmuu'penlaw' in groups.
    e.J
    I

    ( A'\J) heeranj fgl (khon') N e leg. treas-

    urer.
    b'VISt.lf\1 ( b'VISt.Jf\1, el'\J) rlanl (rianl, ?an')

    1 b'V1611 phaa'law' v

    "''

    idiom. 1. to be the black

    N 1. coin;

    sheep of the family. 2. to break with family tradition.


    b'VISJ1n eJ lawk;,;,l
    I I I

    medal; dollar. C 2. idem.


    L'VISt.lf\lfiln
    ,J

    (eJ'lJ, b'VISt.lf\1) riantraa 1 (?an 1,rian')


    ,J

    N descendants.

    N 1. medals, decorations. 2. coins.


    I

    b'V1611"J 1 ~
    :!:'
    J(

    ( L'V1611) lawcMau' (law') N engineer-

    b'VI~el

    in

    U'IJnb'VI~el

    (A'lJ,'fl1'\J)

    khE:eg'rya' (khon',

    ing corps (non-technical term).


    I

    th.1n')
    b'VIGJ in

    N co 11 o q. guest. taalee' V to be cross- eyed, squint-

    L'VIG11'\J'\J lawmin' those, that group.


    I

    fil1 b'VI61

    b'V1611'\J lawnfi' these, this group. L'VI~ 1iJ'tJ1 'VI~ ( L'VI~ 1) law'pyynjajl (law')

    eyed.

    "" leg' ' b'VIGJn

    N iron (the metal).

    artillery corps.

    L'Hii11
    I

    592

    L'Hii11

    "'

    t1 lawniajl N gangsters, hoodlums.

    b'Vi~ eJ lya' V 1. to be left over, remaining.

    2. to

    L'Hfl1 liiw' N com. liquor, intoxicating beverage.

    -Syn.
    ...

    61n eleg.
    kinliiw'mawjaa'

    ihn mn b:w 1 tJ 1
    .... .., bbn'l L'H611

    be surplus, in excess of what is needed.


    'IJe.H b'Vi~ eJ

    L; (~ ~ ,eJ U1 ~ , .ff'W)
    N surplus.

    kh:S::>tJ'lyacMjl (sltJ'

    e 1 a b. c

    ll 0 q.

    jaan', chfn')
    'tl 1 A L'Vi~ eJ

    to have intoxicating drinks, to drink (liquor).

    khaad'lya' V to be lacking (in), short

    ('l 'IJ) ktewliiw' (bajl)

    N glass for
    I

    (of).
    'lf'l tJ L'Hfl eJ chOajlya' V to help out, assist, give
    "'

    liquor.
    ,!\'

    A'W 'iJ L'H6'11 L:W 1 tJ 1

    ( A'W) khon'- khtilaw'mawjaa'

    help.
    d "' 'tl b'Hfl eJ thtilya' that which is left; that which

    (khon') F1 8 L'H6'11

    N e lab. co 11 o q. an alcoholic.
    ( A'W) kh::>::>law' (khon') N a person used

    remains; that which is in excess.


    'l.l s:::: 'H6'11 A b'Vi~ eJ pralaadllya' V to be extremely

    to drinking, a heavy drinker.


    ll'n b6'1 ~ b'H6'11 ( A'W) migleen'law' (khon')
    ~

    strange.
    b'Hfl eJn 16'1 ~
    "' 0

    colloq. aheavydrinker. -Syn. 'Wnl'l:w61~1 eleg.


    "' L:W 1 L'H611 mawlaw' V to be drunk.

    '

    lya'kamlatJ' V to be beyond the

    strength.
    b'Vi~ eJ b n'W lyak88n/, lyak88n' very, extremely,

    b'H;1tl1'l.l!i11tl~ (EJU1~)

    l1iwjaa 1 plaap1tJ' (jaan')

    exceedingly. o '111
    I

    N e lab. colloq. a collective term for liquor, cigarettes, and relishes.


    b

    ~ b'Hfl eJ b n'W

    "'

    chau'lyak88n' V 1. to be extraor-

    dinary, terrific. 2. to be awful, terrible. L'Vi~ eJ 'tl eJ lyakh:S::>' V to be refractory, impossible, unmanageable.
    b'Vi~ eJ AlJJ.'W 1 lya'khananaa' V 1 it. to be innumer-

    'Vi;1L ~ ~

    lawroon' N arrack.

    EJA L'H6'11 ?odliiw' V to abstain from liquor. b'H611:::; bl 'H6'1:::: 1:,?1?' V colloq. 1. to be nonsense

    (of speech). 2. to be unreliable, undependable, unsettled. L'Vi~~ l8~tJ' V 1. to forget oneself. 2. to be spoiled. 3. to carry too far beyond a proper limit (of behavior).
    d bVl6'1 ti:J..J d

    able, immeasurable, countless.


    b'Vi~ eJ Lf>l lya'cajl exceedingly, extremely, very.

    L'Vi~ eJ b~8 lyach?a' V to be unbelievable, incredible, fantastic.


    L'Vi~ EJ'tl'W lyathon', lya'thon' V to be unbearable,

    ( LVlfHI :W) llam' (llam')

    N edge, side (as

    intolerable.
    b'Vi~ 8'\J 1 n'J 1 bb s .:j lyabaa'kwaareetJ' e 1 a b. co 11 o q.

    of a triangle, rectangle).
    'U

    d ~'l.I611:WL'Hii'lti:W

    (SLJ) rtlub'saamllam' (rtlub')


    'U

    to be more than one can do, take on, shoulder.


    L'Vi~ eJ'l.l ~ :::;:J..J 1lJJ. lya'pramaan' exceedingly (beyond

    triangle.
    Ia'

    b6'1'HLV16'1ti:W

    (Elt/1~)

    H~ellam'

    (jaan')

    N trick,

    estimation).
    b VI~ eJ boW eJ lya'fya' V co 11 o q. 1. to be more than

    cunning angle or pitch (in sales).

    ~ L'H~ti:W
    LVI6'1ti:J..JA
    d

    slillam' quadrilateral. -see cross

    necessary, more than enough, plentiful. sV 2. more than enough, plentifully. -+Also 2. eJtl 1 ~--. "' "' bVI~eJ6'1'W'W'W'l.I~:::::J..J1bU lyal6n'-ph6n'pramaan' elab. co 11 o q. extremely, exceedingly, immeasurably.

    reference.
    'II

    (Elt/1~)

    llamkhuu' (jaan')

    N artifice,

    craftiness.
    LVifHI:W6'1n'IJ1An llamlfiugb.aad' cubic (e.g. cubic
    'U

    "'

    bVI~eJ~tl lya'wisajl V to be beyond one's ability,


    beyond one's power.

    meters).
    LVl~tl 'l liaw' V to turn (one's face).

    bVI~eJLb~'W lyasten' colloq. extremely, exceedingly, very.


    bVI~ eJVI6'1 eJ lyal~b' V co 11 o q. to be left, remaining. bVI~ eJVI6'11 tJ lyalaajl sV 1. abundan_t, profuse; abun-

    "" 'l'l11tibb61'iJ'l1 "' L'H61tl llawsaajlleekhwaa' V to turn


    (one's face) from side to side (as when searching for something), to look this way and that.
    b'Vi~ tJ 'l bbfl llawlee' V to pay attention to. b'Vi~ tJ 'l 'Hi~ liawlatJ' V to look back.

    dantly, profusely, extremely, very. V 2. to be abundant, profuse.

    593

    l'VI~eHJii1lya?od' V to be unable or scarcely able


    to control oneself (usually referring to anger); to lose control of one's temper. l VI~ eJ eJ tJ lya'jliu', lya'juu:::
    'U

    degree. 2. with all one's might. l 'VI 'J tJ ~ 'VI:W li1 w la:u mad'
    d d
    ~

    to throw a punch.

    l 'VI'J tJ ~ bb'VI wla:uhEe' V 1. to cast a (fishing) net. 2. slang to let go a blindly-thrown punch.

    to remain, be left.

    l VI~ eJfl lyag' V to roll the eyes up. l VI~ eH lya:u' V to be yellow.

    l VleJ ha<:J' V to be excessively proud (of something), show off (something new). possession). to be critil 'VI1 ( til'J ) haw' (tua') N louse. Fl'l1:W-- pride (of

    1;;l VI~ eJ ~

    kMjlya:u' N yellow fever.

    Fl1 'l l VI~ eJ ~ khaa:u'lya:u' V slang cally injured, near dead.

    l 'VI1 haw' V 1. (a dog) to bark. 2. (a snake) to hiss.

    '1.11~~1 l'VI~eJ~
    J..,
    ~

    (eJ1~) cMad'phlwlya:u' (cMadl)


    ...
    Q...l

    ~ l 'VI1 ( til'J) :uuuhaw' (tua') N cobra.


    'U
    I

    N the yellow race.

    l Vl1 'VIeJ'W hawh::bn' V to bark and howl; to howl. l 'VI1::; h:,?t V to fly through the air. -Not used of birds and insects. l! eJ l Vl1::; N brass. ( 61"1) ryah:,"> I (lam') N aircraft.

    m l VI~ eJ ~ ( l :w li1 ,t:J n ) thualya:u' N soybean (rued'


    for the seed; fag' for the pod). lil'W-soybean plant.
    '11 eJ
    v

    ( lil'W)

    ~ l VI~ eJ ~ thJJ:\)lya:u I

    l Vr'W h8<:Jn' V e leg. to fly, take to the air. l A'W l Vr'W d<:J<:Jnh~<:Jn' V co 11 o q. to walk. 'VI1 ~ l Vr'W, l Vr'W'VI1 ~ haatJM<:Jnl, M<:Jnhaa:u' V 1. to stay away (as of a friend who no longer visits). 2. to become estranged as a result of being apart (as of husband and wife). bVrd-J . See l ilu
    v v

    u"1l VI~ eJ ~ wimlya:u' N lymph.

    'WH'VI~eJ~'VI:Wl'VI~eJ~ na:ulya:u'homlya:u' V colloq. 9


    to be in the priesthood, wear the yellow robe of priesthood.

    ~ l VI~ eJ ~ slilya:u' N 1. yellow, the color yellow.


    V 2. to be yellow. l VI~ eJ ~ ~ eJtJ lya:uc:Sj' to be very yellow. l VI~ eJ ~ ~ 1 lya:ucaa' to be bright yellow. l 'VI~ eJ ~ eJ eJ tJ lya:u?:')jl to be very yellow. l VI~ eJ'lJ
    (
    +

    ~ n bVrd-J
    hta' (tua') N water monitor (regarded

    ( til'l)
    v

    as a creature of ill omen). eJ 1tJ l iltJ ?ajhta'l de rog. You ill-omened creature! l 'VItJ'W htan' V 1. to be cut down, cut off short, razed. sV 2. until cut down, cut off short. 3. colloq. completely, all up. b'VItld-J htam' V to be ruthless, pitiless. l 'VItJd-J l n ~ tld-J htamkriam' V to be unmerciful, unrelenting. l'VItld-JL'VIIi1 htamhood' V to be ruthless, brutal,
    Jf Jf "" Jf Jf

    til 'J ) lyab' (tua')

    N horsefly; gadfly.

    l VI~ eJ'U ~ lyab' V to glance, look sideways. l VI~ eJ:W in


    d
    'U

    ~ l VI~ eJ:W ( til'J) :uuulyaml (tua') N python.

    l VIS! eJ:W lyam' V to lap over, overlap, extend over and cover a part of. Fl 'J 1:1-J l VI~ eJm'l"1 khwaam'lyamlam' N inequality, disparity, difference.
    A 'J 1:1-J
    d ~ 1o l VI~ eJ:W~ 11i1161 ~
    'U

    khwaam'-lyamlam'tamsuu:u'
    d

    '

    cruel, heartless. l 'VItJ 'l hlaw' V 1. to be wilted, withered. 2. to wrinkle. 'VIeJ l 'Viti 'J hoJhlaw' V to be dejected, depressed,
    d

    N disparity, inequality. l 'VI'J ( lb'VI~, l 'VI'J) heew' (hc:u'. Mew') N gorge, chasm, abyss. b'VI'J in 'J 1l 'VI'J and lost. ;1 b'VI'J
    d

    waaweel

    v
    v

    to be lonesome, lonely

    downhearted.
    d "' l'VItJ'llb'VI~

    hlawMe:g' V 1. to be dry, wilted. 2.


    "'

    b'VI'll~
    ~

    waaweecaj'

    to be lonesome. o
    d

    to be cheerless, sad. l 'VIti 'J Ll'VI ~ 1 ~ hlawh~e:ucajl V to feel cheerless, mirthless. l'VIeJ hya' N colloq. sweat. -Syn. l'VHeJ
    d
    d

    wee:u' rM intens. used with b'U 1 "light." wla:u' V to throw, hurl, fling, cast (usually
    d

    l'VI'JtJ

    with a sidewise motion of the arm or arms). 'l'l eJ"rili1'l'l eJ b'VI'J tJ ~ phJJfad'phJJwla:u' e lab. co 1 ~ o q. to be about the same (in strength). 611i1 b'VI'J tJ ~ sudwla:u' c 0110 q. 1. to the utmost 9
    d
    ~

    com.

    L~eJeJeJfl

    hya?oJg' V colloq. to sweat.

    ' l '"' VIeJ li1 hyad' V to dry up, disappear, diminish.

    bVleJii1'VI1tl hyadMajl V to disappear gradually.

    594
    LVleJ~Ll'VH hyadMen' V to dry up. Ll 'VI ( '\J 1 n )

    "'

    66'\!!'l'W'V!'W 1 66'\!!'W
    Gil

    neenn~a/

    V to tum the face up.

    Me' (pl}ag')

    N cast net, fish net.

    nte' N duckweed.
    in 'V!'J 'l66'V!'W huanhten' V to reserve, guard,

    L6'V! hee' N 1. parade, procession. V 2. to parade,

    66'1'!'\J l!:l
    Jj

    walk in a procession.
    I

    keep for oneself, keep from falling to others. krabuanhee' (krabuan')


    ~'V!'J

    n~~'\J'J'Wll'V!

    (n~~'\J'J'W)

    'l 66'\!!'W khtihua:uhten' V to be possessive.

    N procession, parade.
    66'V!n heeg' V vulg. to open widely, break open,

    66'\!!'W'l nten' V to suspect, doubt, mistrust. nlJLb'V!'W'l kinnten'

    to be mistrustful, suspicious

    force open.
    66 vm ~ n heegkhug'
    I I

    (of).

    v to break out of jail.

    Lb'V!'W'\J

    ( el'W) nhb' (?an')

    N 1. tweezers. 2. leaf

    66'1<l'l in "n66'V!'l
    'II

    ( A'J) 10ugue' (tua') N buffalo calf.

    spring (the rear springs of a car). V 3. to pinch (with the fingers).

    66'\!!'l

    ( mh) hen'* (hen') N 1. place.


    d

    2. place,

    location .. Pp 3. of (esp. with places). -Dis t.


    1. 66'1'!" 'l.
    J"
    dl

    66'V!'W'\J~'\Jn~~~1~ (el'W) neeb'-cab'kradaad' (?an')


    N paper clamp (i.e. a clamp type paper clip or fastener).
    66'1'!'\J hhb' V to be hoarse, rasping, dry, parched

    -syn. 1. 11
    ......

    <9.>.

    2. 66'1'!" 'l.

    o 1'WL'\JeJ'l"nL6'V!'l'V!'J1q~eJ'lL~1 najb9anlyg 1 hen:::: huacaj/-kh5onkhaw' deep down in his heart.


    I

    rJn'V!'W11n66'V!'l thUgMnthUghen' elab. everywhere. q q


    I

    (of the voice). L~rl H6WU sianheeb' V to have a hoarse, rasping voice.
    bb 'V!'\J 6 F1 ~ eJ heebkhrya' V to be hoarse and trembly

    11n66'V!'l thUghEn' everywhere, every place.


    q
    I

    '\J 1H6'V!'l baanhen' (in) some places. 'VI" 1r!LL'V!~ laajhen' various points, places.
    66'1'!~

    Men' V to be dry, dried.

    (of the voice, esp. of the elderly or the sick). L6 'V!:W


    I

    Lnrl66'V!~

    "'

    kaajMen' V to run aground. kh3onhten' N dry foods, foods which can

    mte'
    ( Fl'W)

    E Say! Well! Oh my goodness! mem'* (khon') N 1. an occidental

    ~eJ~66'V!'l

    U'V!:W:W

    be stored without undue spoilage (e.g. dried,

    woman. T 2. title used for occidental women.


    [f. Eng .. "ma'am"]
    66'\!!tJ jte' V colloq. 1. to be cowardly. sV 2.

    pickled, bottled, and canned foods). -Also


    ~eJHf'1.

    -Opp. ~eJ'l~~.

    'llnL6;'l sagMen' V to be dry-cleaned.

    sheepishly.

    "' plaaMen' N dried fish. '\J" 1LL'V!'l


    t:JeJ:W66'V!'l ph3omhten' V to be gaunt, emaciated.

    "' fi:w66'V!tJ"] jim'jtejte' V to smile sheepishly,


    wryly.
    L6'V!tJ jee' V to poke, tease by poking, annoy, provoke. 66'\!!tJ:W. See
    66'\!!tJ~.

    "'

    1~ F1 t:J eJ :W 66;'l

    r6og'ph3omhten' N consumption,

    pulmonary tuberculosis. "' "' fi:wU'V!'l"] jim'MenMen' to smile dryly, mirthlessly.


    b'V!rl 'J 66'1'!~ hlawMen' V 1. to be dry, wilted.
    d "'

    'V!tJeJ:WL6'VWd..J.
    6'V!tJeJ~66'V!tJ~, L'V!tJ1~66'V!tJ~.

    See
    ~

    6b 'VI~ d..J , 66'1'! ~ d..J See

    'VI~

    eJ :W 66 'VI~ d..J , 'VIS eJ mm s :W

    2.

    66 'VI" See
    I

    1i1 a 66 vm

    to be cheerless, sad. o b'V!rl 'J 66'\!!'ll q hlawhtencaj/ V to feel cheerless, mirthless. l VleJ~66'V!'l hyadMen' V to dry up.
    d "'

    66'1'!"
    ~

    <9.>

    lee' sV much, many.

    11'lVm1tJ66'V!" tM:ulaaj'lh' all those, all of. 66'1'!61 l!J lh' Pt particle having emphatic or corrob-

    orative force, used at the end of a sentence or a poem. -Var. of 66"


    l!:l.

    u'VI 'l n n n Menkraag' v to be completely dry.


    u 'VI 'l t:J 1 n Menphaag' V to be extremely dry. U'V!HU.'H Menlten' V 1. to be dry, arid. 2. to be
    0

    q ~ :n bb'\!!61 ca:::: ... mf:::: ... lee' be on the

    verge, on the point of.

    dreary, empty of life and freshness.


    66'\!!'l'W

    n'16l'Jq~liJ1tJ:nli11tJ66'V!61 kamlancataaj/mftaajllee' to be on the verge of death .


    .._.. A. .....

    neenl

    V to tum the face up, look up.

    66'\!!'l'WFleJ nenkhoo' V to crane one's neck (to

    o q ~'V!61'\Jd..J'V!61'\J66'V!SI caHtb'milab'-lh' to be on the verge of falling asleep.

    look up).

    66Vliilll 66Vliilll lh;g 1 V to be pulverized, mashed, reduced

    595

    voice.
    bbVI':Jll whg 1 V to part, push aside, break through,

    to a pulp, broken into small pieces.


    J.,

    'li':JVl:W11l66Vliilll ch1lamaag'lhg' idiom. (within)

    wade through.
    bbVI':J 1l ':J 1 Ll
    I

    a short while (i.e. as long as it takes to chew betel to a pulp).


    6Vl61 ':J bb Vl611l leewlhg' V to be dissolute, good-

    whgw~ajl

    V to swim about.

    UVI'd 1

    weu 1 *
    I

    V to be chipped, nicked.

    'tl"1( ) bbVI':J 1 tham( ... )wen' V to chip, nick (smthg.).

    '

    for-nothing.
    I

    'tJ 111 L6 VI ':J 1 paagwen' V to have a harelip.


    b ':J 1Lb'VI':J 1 wawwen' V to be jagged, irregular,

    :!::;

    J.,

    eHJ116i :;'\J'IJVI'Wbb'VIiilll jaausaMn'- han'lh:g' s 1 a ng

    a great deal, extremely, unsparingly.


    I

    curving in and out (as of a coastline, a jaggedly torn hemline, a nibbled piece of bread).
    L6VI':J'W ( ':J 1) ween' (won')
    c~

    b6VIiil1

    ( bb'VIiil1) len'* (len') N 1. spot, location, (spe-

    cific) place. C 2. idem. --Dist. 1. 'tl r9J,bbVI1. --Syn. 1. 61 bl1'W


    1:G.-I

    N {finger) ring.

    e 1 eg. 2. bb'VI1.

    ':J 1 b6VI':J'W

    ( 'd 1) wouwenl (won') N ring, gasket,

    li11Vliilllbb'VIiil1 t~n'laglen' V 1. to settle down.

    .-

    washer.
    Lb'VI':J'W b'W'Ii~

    2. to be located.
    I

    ( ':J 1) weenpMdl (won') N diamond


    ( ':J ~) wenm~n' (won')

    li11:Wb6VIiil1'tl taamlen'thii=
    1 IV I I

    in places where.

    ring.
    :!::;

    bbVI6111l1 H11

    ( b6VIiil1, bbVI1) len 1 kaankhaa' (len'.


    I I

    b6VI':J'WVI:W'W

    N engagement
    +

    hen')

    N market place; business location.


    ( L6VIiil1, UVI1) len 1 kamn~8d' {len'

    ring.
    UVI':J ':J ww'* rM intens. used with U~ ':J 66VI':J:; we? I

    b6VIiil11l"1 LVlillil

    "bright."

    hen') N 1. place of birth. 2. source, origin.


    b6VI61'W 66VI61:W ( el'W) lm' (?an')

    V to cut open.

    N javelin.

    "' 66VI:;'l hf:?he?l imit. the sound of laughing. -.cf. Vl'l.

    ( bb'VI61:W) lem' V 1. to be sharp-pointed,

    L~

    hoo' V 1. co 11 o q. to boo. 2. to cheer, hail.

    pointed. 2. to be high-pitched (as of the voice). N 3. cape, peninsula (leem'). --Dis t.


    I

    u~1n'i~

    teeka.jhoo' idiom. at cockcrow, at early

    fi:W

    dawn, so early.

    "sharpedged." --Ant. '11.


    'U

    L~;l1 LVl1
    o

    hoor5:JtJ I

    V to cheer, hail, acclaim.

    b ~tJ'Ub6VI61:W chlablem' V to be keen, sharp,

    Mon' N ghost, spirit. -Chiefly in compounds.

    shrewd (of people).


    ~:WbbVI61:W
    I

    li11 Ll L Vl1 taajhOon' V to die a violent death.

    ( ~:W) mumlem' (mum') N acute angle.

    'l;li11tJLVIU1tJ~1oU

    MjtaajMon'taajha.a'-siil!

    61 lb6V161:W le,:Jlem' V to be risky, exposed to danger.


    I

    vulg. l'vfay the plague take me! (expression used to swear that one is telling the truth).
    L Vllil See entries below. bVltJ :W L Vllil htarnhood' V to be ruthless, brutal,

    ~l'liillbbVIiil:W

    (~1'1)

    jug'le,:Jleem' (jug')

    N crit-

    ical period.
    66VIiil:Wfi:W lem'khom' V 1. to be sharp andpointed.

    a-

    2. idiom. to be quick-witted, clever, smart.


    6b'VIiil:W'tll1 lemth:J::ltJ' N the Southeast Asian

    cruel, heartless.
    L Vllil;1 tl hoodraajl V to be cruel, atrocious. L VI'W hoon' V to hang, swing from by the hands. ; l tJ L VI'W

    Peninsula.
    6bV161:W b~tJ'U lempfab' to be very pointed. 66VI61:W:W611LJ leem'malaajuu' N the l'vfalay Peninsula.
    'U

    h~jMonl

    V to swing while suspended

    (esp. in gymnastics).
    LVI:W hoom 1

    b6VI61:Wi'WL1i1~'W lem'?indoociin' N the Indochinese


    Peninsula.
    66VIiil:; le?l Pt particle used to intensify. Often

    V to urge; to push (one's strength) to

    the limit, knock oneself out (doing something).

    ~ 1l LVl:W luglhc'Som' V to burn intensely.


    .rn L VI:W haghOom' V to drive oneself, push (one's

    rendered only by the exclamation point. o o


    b 'tl1'W'W 66 VIii!:; tMwnan'le? L -le?! That's all!
    r:.J
    I

    :!::;

    strength) to the limit, knock oneself out (doing something).


    L VI:W1 'W Mornfajl V to coax a fire (as by fanning,

    :W

    nbVI~ l'W rl'W66VI61:; pMm'k5myan'- kanle?!

    Me too! Same here!


    6lVI'd we' V colloq. to scold with a loud, angry

    adding fuel).

    596

    L~~ -l moO~)''
    1~tl
    in

    V to hit (a ball) with the head, bounce

    ~ eJ 1; 6;,/h~j::::::
    a handicap to.

    to give an advantage, a head start, -+See cross ref.

    (a ball) off one's head.

    1~tl'Vr'J'W

    hOojhiian" V to be eerie (of sound).

    bl~'ll'l11;~tl~
    q

    thalY!J'taa'-Mjjud' gave (them) a

    o L~tl'lL~tl~'J'W sian"Mojhiian" Nan eerie sound.

    stern look to make (them) stop.


    rJ"1;1tJ(

    1~~ (A'W)

    bOon" (khon") N com. astrologer.

    )1;~~1111tl

    thamraaji( ... )MjthY!Jtaajl

    t~n, -- L'V!n rllotJ",rllonreen" V 1. to be sparse,


    few, small in number. sV 2. in small numbers.

    to harm to the point of causing to die.


    r1"11; thamMj:::::: to cause to {do smthg.), make (do

    ~t~n L~n duu"rllonreen" to look bare, empty 'II


    (because of the small number, e.g. of people in a store, leaves on a tree). o

    smthg.). -+See Note 2 under '111.

    'Yh

    1;Lfi ~

    thamMjka8d' V to bring about, give

    rise to, produce, create, cause.


    ( I?I'W)

    1~~ ~w1

    Moraphaa/ N sweet basil. I?I'W--

    'Yl11;j;J:I.JI1JTI1~

    thamMjphOm'togcajl (it) frightens

    sweet basil (the plant).

    me, causes me to be scared.


    'll

    1'V! ~ 1 - See entries below. L'V! n ~ 1 ~ tl... ( fl'W ) hOoraacaan" {khon")


    a teacher.

    ;1; thin"wajMj::::::

    to leave (it) until (it) be-

    N e 1 e g.

    comes (e.g. hard).

    astrologer and teacher, an astrologer who is

    'lJ ~ eJ tJ 1; pl:,j!Mj:::::: to let, allow.


    LV'W L~UI q
    d

    L'V!nA 1~1?1 ~ Moraasaad" N astrology.

    ...

    1; penheed"Mj::::::
    "' ..,

    to cause, be the cause of.

    L'Wel~~( )1~1(;1 ph1aca( ... )h~jd~ajl in order


    to be able to.
    L'W11~ ph1ah~j::::::
    d "'

    1'V!~
    o

    lllo" C dozen. two dozen eggs. jar (usually of glass

    1'V!~

    l~~ eH 1~~ khajls3;,tJlllo" i>l ( 1'U) lllo" (bajl) N 1.


    hollow, sunken.

    1. to let, allow. 2. in order to,

    for.

    and with a wide mouth). V 2. (eyes) to be


    'tl 'J ~ 1'V!~

    ~'.11 ;~ ~
    -Also

    fatJ'MjsY1:J' to listen with deep feeling.

    ( 1 'U ) khuadloo" (bajl) N wide- mouthed

    :i:J:w~1'Vl miimatl?/h~j:::::: to resolve, pass a resolution, come to a decision that.

    ..,

    ~'l~'l.

    glass jar with glass stopper. Ul 11 ~iii taaloo" V to have sunken eyes (as of a sick person).

    1~1;

    (1)

    m~jMjl;

    (2, 3)

    m~jMj::::::

    1. not to give.

    2. not to let. 3. not to, without, so that not (followed by a verb). o

    1~~ loo"

    V co 11 o q. to be last, behind. to be hollowed out, to have holes,

    1~~ woo/ v
    cavities.

    1~1 ;~'Wbb~ 'l L;1 LV'W~ mBn tJ 1'W m~jMjciindn:n'"'


    kh~wpensamaachfg"juunoo"

    not to allow Red

    1~'J ~

    woon' rM intens. used with L'U 1 "light." V 1. to give. 2. to have, let (someone do o

    China to become a member of the U.N.

    1; MV

    1~1 ;:1.1 1 n Lfi'W l 'lJ m~jMjm~ag"k;:}8npajl


    much.
    I V I
    ~

    not too

    something). sV 3. to, so that. 4. for (such and such an object or person). -+Syn. 1. roy.,
    q...ov

    'th~'Yl1'W

    o A~'UeJnl:w1'Vl'l11eJtl1'l'W'W khruu"b:,:1g"-m~jMj:::::: 'II tham"jaannan"! The teacher said not to do (it) that way. o

    'W~~

    n'lf'Yl1'W
    IV~

    roy. V to cause, give rise to.

    rl eJ 1;Lfi ~ k:,;,/M.jk~;:}d"
    I

    'tl eJ 1 'V!~ l'l 1 eltl 1'l eJ'W'W'W kh3;,Mjduu" -tuajaannannan"!


    'II

    ~:w;l~1.;n ~ LiiW l ; l ~:w


    any mistakes?

    phim'-mAjMjphld'la8jl

    Let's look at that example.


    'tleJ1~L ~ 1 ~~ n L 1J'W L'Wel'WTI'W~TI 'J 1 kh~bM.jraw'-rdu::::::
    'II
    'l.l

    d~ajlmaj! Can (you) type (it) without making


    I

    'l.lov

    _"i

    &:::1

    cag"penph1an"-kandiikwaa'! Let us rather know each other as friends.


    'V eJ 'l 1; ( eJ ~ 1'l , .ff'W) kh3;,nMV (jaan". chfn')

    tJTI ( )

    1; (1, 2) j6g'( ... )Mjl, -Mj::::::; (3, 4) j6g'::::::

    Mjl, j6g"Mj::::::, j6gMjl 1. to give, offer (someN thing) (to). 2. to lift (e.g. something heavy) for (someone). 3. to excuse, exempt. 4. to recognize (that), accept as true (that). o

    gift, present.
    f1"11 ;n 1 ~ (;a, li1.1l'U, 'lJ ~:::: n 1 ~) kham"Mjkaan"

    (kh5;,', chaoob", prakaan") N testimony.

    tJnhr~1; j6gtMod'Mjl, -Mj::::::

    to forgive.

    597

    o 8 n '1 n 611 'J


    'II

    1; j6g'-lO.ugs.1aw'Mj.l, - Mj:::

    to give

    encourage (a man's) advances. 2. to play Cupid, encourage or arrange for a fellow and a girl to

    one's daughter in marriage.


    o

    ~Hl:WUn1 ;~ 1 j~~m'j6g'-h~jw~a:::
    grant, accept as true (that).

    to concede,

    get together.

    tJeJ:W1; j~~m'Mj::: to allow to (do). U!i\ LtltJ!i\1; jadjtad'MV to insist on giving


    thing) to.

    1;rl 1'W 1;;1tl


    (some-

    Mjthaanl V to give alms. MjtMaj.l V to back, support, take sides

    with (usually not openly).

    d'W ( ... )1; j?Yn'( ... )Mj:::, -MV


    submit (something) to.

    to hand over,

    1;Lrl''cl- MjtMod' V to do harm, be harmful. 1;'tl1 nFl'1 Mjpaag'kham' V to testify, give testimony, make a statement.

    L~tJn( . )1;m

    rtag'( ... )Mjmaa' tocall

    (someone) to come, call (someone) over.

    1;LoU'W rJ 1'W h~jpenthaan' to give as a charity. 1;f!Jfl MjpMn' V to benefit, yield benefits, give
    results.

    ~ ~ (... )1; sou'( ... )Mj:::


    to, send (something) to.

    to hand (something)

    1;'1'1 ~ h~jph~~n'
    1. to teach (to do
    'tl~:::n1~)
    "-',.

    V to bless, wish (someone)

    6i el'W 1;

    s:l~n'Mj:::, s:i~nh~V

    ..,

    happiness and good fortune. blessing.

    Fl'1--

    ( 'V eJ

    , !il'\J'U,

    something). 2. to teach (someone) . .., L~'Wel( ... )1~ (1) san~:::l'( ... )Mj:::; (2) san~:::ll:::
    h~j:::

    1. to propose, submit (something, some-

    1~tl :W Mjjyym' V to lend .., "' 1~fl::: L eJ tJ !i\ M.jla ?lad' in detail,
    1;~ :WO'U
    1;G1bUbU 1

    thoroughly.

    one) to. 2. to propose that (such and such be done, that someone do such and such).

    Mjsi'>m'ka::: in order to suit; so that it

    might suit, satisfy, make up for. Mjs11njaa' V to promise. Mjstn'chiiwfd' to terminate the life

    Vl!i\ 1; ba.d'Mj:::, ba.dMV


    Vl'W~5~1;
    Mnlau'Mj:::,

    1. to train (to do some-

    thing). 2. to train, teach (someone).

    1;i'Wi11~
    (of).

    --h~V

    to turn one's back

    to, keep away from.

    1;n 1 ~ h~jkaan' V to give testimony, testify. 1;( ... ) n'W Mj( ... )kin' fo feed, provide with
    food.

    1;( ... ) fl'Wel~

    'II

    Mj( ... )kin'juu' V to provide

    1;~1 Mjhaa' V to call for, send for. .., 1~ L'Vf'W Mjhen' clearly, evidently, apparently . .., "' "' o 1~ L~WO ~ MjMn'cin' convincingly. 1;eJJltl Mj?aphaj.l V to forgive, pardon. 1;eJJltJLrl"cl- Mj?aphaj.ljatMod' V eleg. to pardon,
    grant amnesty (to).

    (someone) with room and board.

    1;( ... ) QMj( ... )kO.u'


    someone) (at interest).

    V t,o loan, lend (to

    v'Wd.7~1; ?anumad'h~j:::
    q

    to grant (someone) per-

    mission to (do something).

    1;Lui Mjlka::: to, for. 1;( ... ) Lb~ Mj( ... )k:::,
    thing) to (someone).

    eJ ~ 1 ... 1;:w 1nl 'tl bfl t1


    -ka::: to give (some-

    jaa::: ... Mjm~ag'pajla:::lVl

    Don't (do this or that) so much! Do stop (doing this or that) so much!
    L!1 1;!~ ?aw'( ... )Mjjuu' colloq. toget
    'II

    1;Flbib h~jkhun' V to do good, be beneficial, useful. 1;b~h h~jch~w' V 1. to let, rent out. 2. to be
    ..,
    for rent.
    'II

    something, someone) under control, get control over, subdue, finish.


    L! 1 ( ) ! ! n1; ?aw( ...

    1~fin
    o

    h~jthuug' 1. correctly, so as to be correct.

    )?~~g'Mjl

    to take

    2. so as to hit (the target).

    (something) out for (someone).

    ~1;b1nLi'W 'II

    ctii-Mjthuug's@n' fig.,colloq.

    1~

    jaj.l V to be large, big, main, major. Fl'J1:W-magnitude, bigness. -Ant.

    to hit the right spot, touch the right chord (for successfully evoking the desired response).

    ~eltl.

    -Dis t.

    1~.

    1;b1n;v~ h~jthuug't~n' 'II


    correct.

    n;1 ~ 1~~
    sive.

    kw~aujaj.l

    V to be large, wide, exten-

    correctly, so as to be

    n eJ ~ '1'1 a1 ~~ ( neJ ~ , neJ ~ 'W a ) b~uphonjaj.l (b~u'.


    k~~uphon')

    1;~1

    MjtMa' V idiom. 1. (a woman) to

    N m i 1 it. division.

    598
    tJ'W 1 ~ 1 VY~ khanaad/ja.jl large- sized, of a large size. o

    LlJ'Wi'J'WLVY~

    pensuan/jaj/ 1. to be the larger

    part, a large part. 2. for the most part, mostly. khanaad/jajjaj/ larger-sized, (of the)

    tJ'W1~1VY~"l

    VY~11 VY~1 hl hl n~ajaj/cajtoo/

    V to be lavish, given

    larger sizes. tJ'W 1'W1 VY~ khamlan/jaj/ co 11 o q. on a grand scale, in a big way.

    to lavishness (e.g. in entertaining friends). 1 VY~ LA jajtoo/ V 1. to be big, large, immense, enormous, huge. 2. to be high (in position), great, important. sV 3. in a big way, on a large scale, immensely. sity; greatness. big shot. fl'J 1J.J-hugeness, immen-

    ;1VY"l'J-11VY~
    khon/) eral. 1;nn ~

    ('W1f:J,fl'W) kMahlau/jaj/ (naaj/,

    N high commissioner, governor gen-

    fl 'W- -

    an important person, a

    1~1 VY~ kh~jr.1agsaad/jaj/ N typhus. 1;wr~1 ~ kh~jwad/ja.jl N influenza.


    fl S1 VY~ ( fl'W) khruujaj/ (khon/)
    'II

    N headmaster,

    1VY~fi'W~ jaj/thanad/ V to be very big. 1 VY~VY"l 'J -1 jajli:iau/ V to be tremendous,


    major, grave, serious. o o

    enormous,

    headmistress, principal. fl ;1 VY~ khrQu/jaj/ (for) a long moment, a long


    'II

    while. l'!nhln1VYb11 tog/c~gjaj/ V colloq. (rain) to pour heavily. LA'U1 VYb1J t~ab/jaj/ V to grow up, be grown-up.
    " I

    iJf:JeJ'W1VY~VY"l'J-1 phaj/?anjajli:iau/ gravedanger. s::: L {) ~ 8 ~ 1 -11 'V!~VY61 'J -1 raooad/jaaujajlliau/ to


    explode violently.

    :!::

    1 VY~ maj/ V 1. to be new. sV 2. anew, again.


    &'
    I

    tJ'W1 VY:J.J kh1flmaj/ sV again, once more, anew. May often be rendered by the English prefix re-, as in "rebuild."

    --syn.

    Lm'Uh.

    .U'W1VY~

    (ns:::'U8n) pyynja.jl(kraboog/) N cannon;

    artillery piece; artillery. LlJ'Wn 1 S1 VY~ penkaanjaj/ 1. to be on a grand scale; to be a great thing; to be overwhelming, considerable. 2. on a grand scale, to a great extent, overwhelmingly, considerably. L lJ'W;81 VY~

    ~8 -11 VY~

    ( fl'W) n:Joumaj/ (khon/)

    N 1. newborn

    brother or sister. 2. freshman in a college or university. 3. new member. il1 'Vi~ piimaV New Year. o -11'W'i:J1 'Vi~ uaan/piimaj/ N New Year's festival.

    penkh~b/jaj/

    mainly, chiefly.

    llt:.~'W1 'Vi~

    phtenmaj/ N 1. new or modern plan,

    L lJ'W1 VY~ penjaj/ to have power and authority, be head of, be a big shot. fl 'J 1 d-J- being top man. ;1 VY~ ( fl'W) phOujaj/ (khon/) N 1. adult. 2.
    'II

    project or type. 2. (as n. mod.) modern, new, new-type, of the modern plan.

    being on top,

    ~sil1VY~
    "' I

    phoon/piimaj/ New Year's blessing(s).

    "' J.J81VYJ.J (J.J8,fl'W)

    myymaV

    (myy/,khon/)

    (one's) superior, (one's) elder. 3. the big fellow. -+Ant.l.


    ~
    I
    q.,

    L~n.

    ..

    idiom. beginner, a new hand (at some activity) . --opp. :l'l8Ln1.


    fJ A1 'Vi~ jugmaj/ N the new period; the latest period;
    9

    2,3.

    r:.J'W8f:J,
    'IJ

    o J''W r:.~1 VYb1J cMn/pht:lujaj/ senior, high ranking.


    CU I IV

    o r:.~1 VYb1J'U 1'W ( fl'W, 'W 1 fJ) phOujajMan/ (khon/,


    'II

    the modern age. s''W1 'Vi~ rt:lnmaj/ N 1. new period; new kind; new
    9

    naaj/) N elected head of a village, headman.


    llr:.I'W~'W1 VYb1J ( r:.I'W) phE:ndin/jaj/ (phyYn/) N mainI I "'

    batch. 2. (as n. mod.) new, modem, of the new or present generation.

    land. in 1 VY~ pMg/jaj/ for a long time.


    d
    I

    ~:Wf:J1 'Vi~

    sam<ljmaV N 1. modern times, the pres-

    '\'j1 VYb1J ( fl'W) phtijaj/ (khon/) or sister.

    N eldest brother

    ent time. 2. (as n. mod.) modern, up-to-date.

    VY~ 11 'Vi~

    niiamaj/ N 1. new face, newcomer, new

    JJ'n1VY~

    magjaj/ V to be ambitious.

    -+Ant.~n~8f:J.

    one. V 2. to be a newcomer, new one, stranger. 1711 'Vi~ badmaj/ V 1. to be a beginner, newly trained. 2. to train or practice once again. 1 'V!~hl+ 1 majcaa/ c
    0

    ~ -11 VY~ jtujaj/ V i 'J'W1 VY~ suanjaj/


    the majority.

    to be great, powerful, important. the larger part, the major part,

    ll 0 q. to be ultra-modern.

    599 whatsoever. real modern, ultra-modern. o 1'Vl'W"l ( ) n najnAjl( ... )k~::: now that, since. oo1'Vl"W"lJ7"Wnlb;"J1'\.Ju;"J

    1'Vl~biti\J

    majcfabl V colloq. to be ultra-

    B~ 1'W(i1 ~~J7"W8n bflt.J


    '11

    najnajl-

    modern.

    mank~ltewlpajltewl-

    jaaphOudlthY:tJmanl- ?lig:::

    1'jij~ mJ (i1;1 Jj

    ma.jltho::>dd.1am1 c

    ll 0 q. to be

    l<=J<=Jjl ~ Now that it's over, let's not talk about it any more.

    brand-new.

    1 'Jil~"l majmajl 1. new, brand-new. 2. just,


    shortly, recently.
    I

    1'Vl'W 1 'Jil:f-J

    l!:1
    <9l

    ni!.jl E Say! By the way. miljl N silk.

    1'Vl:!Helt.JJ-J maj?laml V colloq. to be brand-new. 1 'Jilfl in 'Jilfl ~ 1 'Jilfl l6:ulajl V to be crazy about. l 'Jil ( G1 n , 1 '\J ) hajl (lOugl, bajl) N earthen crock, 'II
    jar.

    i".l1 'Jild-J ( i".l) tuamAjl (tual) N silkworm. ; 1 tJ 1 'Jild-J ( bi"W, l Sl , 'Jilfl eJ (i1) d.1ajmi1jl N silk thread
    (s@nl for strands; cajl for skeins; l~::Jdl for

    spools).

    l mJ G11;1 ( 'IJ 1 ~ ) hajlplaanial (kh.1a:u I) N 1.


    the clavicle, collarbone. 2. the hollow just above the collarbone. o n S:::: (i1 n l 'Jil'\.J G11;1 kraduugl- Mjplaanial N the
    'II

    ; 11 'Jil:f-J pMamaj 1 N silk cloth. l Vi:f-J


    l!J

    majl v to fine.

    -usually in the following

    compound.

    '\.J S'\J l 'JilJ-J prabmajl V to fine.


    o A1'\.J S'\J 1 'VlJ-J kh.1alprabmajl N fine, penalty.

    clavicle, collarbone.

    l; h.1jl, h.1ajl
    ~v

    element occurring in compounds

    1'jij:f_J

    tn

    majl, majl, maj::: Pt part. used to convert

    expressive of the idea of weeping.

    a statement into a yes-or-no question. NOTE. In negative questions containing be used rather than l 'Jil:f-J

    ;eH 1; r5::>:t]h.1ajl
    v

    V to cry, weep.

    1~, 'Vl! B must

    o 'IJ :1 eJ ~ 1 'Jil khtir5::>:uh.1ajl V com. to be a crybaby.

    1An ::::'\J Bn l;l'Vlm' 1... khrajcab~::>gld.1ajmaj:::


    w.1al... o '\J eJ n V to sob.
    0

    :~''11;
    61:::: ~'W

    r.1mh.1jl V to weep and wail incessantly,

    is there anyone who can tell (me) ...

    lament repeatedly.

    1; sa?~IMjl

    bb;".ll 'Jil:f-J~::::

    b~::>gllEwmajl.1~

    I told you so.

    Didn't I tell you? See, I told you.

    1 'Jil'W

    <9l

    najl iA 1. which, any (interrog. ,indef. ).


    d

    ;1'VlJ-J,; 1 ruulmajwa.al do you know that (such


    'II

    Must be preceded by elf. 2. short for Til 'Jil'W where, anywhere, somewhere. -+Cf. lQ'W.

    and such is the case?).

    1 'Jil; m.1jl V 1. (fire) to burn. 2. to be burned,


    charred.

    FI'W l 'Jil'W khonnajl which one (ref. to a person). bbAl 'Jil'W kh~Enajl up to which point, how far, how
    much, to what extent.
    'l:::: lLJl'Vl'Wn61'1'\J1n

    n1s

    b t:J

    11 'Jil; kaanlphawma.jl N combustion.

    1 'W1 'Jil; fajm.1jl N 1. (a) fire, conflagration. V 2.


    to be on fire; to catch fire.

    capajnajlk~lamooagl it's hard

    to go anywhere (e.g. without a car).

    61 n1 'jij; h1gm.1jl v 1. to ignite, catch fire. 2. to 9


    be aflame, on fire.

    ~ ~ 1 'Jil'W thy:unajl up to where; to what extent.

    n 1 S-- combustion.
    <9l.

    Til 'Jil'W thtinaj I where, somewhere, anywhere. 1LJ1'Vl'W pajnajl~ Where are you going? 1i.Jl'Vl'WJ-J1 pajnajmaal~ Where have you been? l LJ1 'Jil'WJ-J 11 'Jil'W pajnajlmaanajl to get around, go
    hither and thither, travel about.

    1'Vl; :::raj!. Var. of 1'Vl61


    <9l

    1s

    lajl V (liquid)toflow,run.

    'I.JeJ~1ml kh~b:ulajl N fluid. -Dist. 'IJeJH'Vliil".l.

    V161 1 tJ 1 'Jilfl mimlaajllajl V to drool, salivate. V1'VlV1l'J11'Vl61 na.rnhuulnamtaal-lav 'II


    colloq. to cry, shed tears.

    elab.

    1 'Jil'W "1 najnajl anyhow, anything, any.


    o .. n-:;1( )

    b~'W1'Vl'W"l . kwaal( ... )pen:::

    s ".ll 'Vlfl

    '

    rOallajl V to leak out.

    najn.ijl far. .. -er (than ... ), far more ... (than ... ), more ... by far (than ... ). o

    b~eJ[ill'Jilfl l~adlajl V to bleed.

    b'Jilfl ".l1 'Jil61 leewlajl V 1. to be nonsense, trivial.


    2. to be unreliable, undependable, dissolute.

    '111 WW"l

    thtilnajnajl anywhere, anywhere

    600

    1vm rl 'J:l,J

    lajthCam' V to overflow, flow over.

    1Vf'J~'WS::; l bleJ:::: w.1ajphni?lthd?/~ phrase used by


    older people to acknowledge the respect paid by younger people.

    1vm'Wnn lajphr.1ag' V to stream forth (as tears).

    1vmm l 'tl:W 1

    lajmaaltheemaa'

    el a b. c 0 ll 0 q.

    to pour in, stream in, flow in continuously.


    1 'V!Iil ~'W lajrin' V to flow slowly, trickle, flow in

    a small gentle stream .


    l V!lil'V!iil 'I lajl~ru' V 1. to flow continuously. 2. (a
    .!,

    crowd) to stream along, move along in a mass.


    1vrlil'V!Iil1n lajlaag' V 1. to overflow. 2. to flow

    'W

    b;)l

    LOW consonant. Pronounced 1 initially, n

    finally. The sound 1 as an initial low consonant is most often written with lil The letter 'W is

    profusely.
    lvm if:J in 'l.Jiil1l'Vflil

    (lil'J) plaalajl (tua') N fresh-

    very rarely used. Examples of its noninitial occurrence are given below.

    water eel.

    l V!~

    (l

    V!~,;1 'I)

    lajl (la.jl, kMau')

    N tip of the
    I

    o n'W 1 kilaa' N athletic sports. o 'W 1'Wn 1 naalikaa' N clock, watch.

    shoulder. -Dis t. 'U 1.


    l Af'.H~ 1l A!'H 1 vr~ khiauooa'khiaulajl e 1 a b. 1.

    'W eJ FS. See lil iJ


    'W1 FS. See 611

    shoulder to shoulder. 2. on the same level.


    ti'n 1 V!~ jaglajl V to shrug the shoulders.

    1V!~ l 'IJ 1 ( u~'I )


    1 V!'J

    lajkhaw' (hu')

    N mountain

    slope, hillside. wajl V to move slightly, shake, vibrate,


    el ?;);)/ MIDDLE consonant. Pronounced ? initially;

    quiver, quake.
    lA61eJ'W1Vf'J khl)Tanwajl V to move, move about.
    d

    in other positions it is used as a vowel symbol, pronounced ;);) or sometimes ;). The sound ?

    n1 ~-- movement, activity, moving.


    b6f.J'W~'W 1 V!'J (As 1) phndin'wajl (khrau')
    earthquake.
    .!,
    I

    as an initial middle consonant is always written


    I I I

    iJ In four words ( eJ !J 1 , eJ !J 1 n , eJ !J 11 , eJ !J ) this


    'U

    Vf'J'W 1 V!'J wanwajl


    .!, .!,

    to be moved, tremble, shake.

    letter precedes

    !J ,

    a low consonant, with the

    ~'W'W'VI'J'W l V!'J sanan'wanwajl

    to be very loud,

    function of converting it into a middle consonant; in these words


    eJ

    jarring, rumbling, thundering.


    1'VI'J'W~'U wajphrfb' N 1. alertness, astuteness,

    is not pronounced.

    on (an) ?og' (?og') N com. chest, breast. -.syn.


    'Yl S 'J 'I e 1 e g.

    adroitness, ability to make quick judgements. V 2. to be alert, keen, astute.

    -.often coupled with

    1~

    in semi-

    repeated expressions or split expressions; see for example


    ~eJlileJn

    lwJ l~eJn

    wajlj)Tag' to be shaken, sway back and

    ~eln~1~

    and

    ~'Wi:Jn'U1'W1'1

    below.

    forth or up and down (as of tree branches in a strong wind).


    1'VI'J if:J wajl sV able to, capable of (physically), can.

    ko;)d?og' V tofoldone'sarmsacross

    one's chest.

    A'Ui:lnA'U1~ kMb?og'kMbcajl V elab. colloq.


    1. to feel distressed, uneasy, apprehensive.

    l~l 'VI'J

    (1) m.1jwajl; (2)

    m.1jwajl~

    sV 1. unable to,

    2.

    can't, cannot, incapable of (because of lack of physical strength or energy). E 2. How impossible! o ',; 1 !Jtl1M eJ 1 LJ1~1 V!'J w.1ajnaam'to;)pajl- m.1jwajl can't swim any further.

    to feel suppressed, under restraint.

    ~'WeJn~'W1 ~

    ch)Tyn?og'ch)Tyncajl V e lab. 1. to

    please, delight. 2. to be pleasant, charming, refreshing. 3. to be happy, pleased, delighted. 4. elab. colloq. to kiss, hug (one's child, lover, in order to refresh, satisfy oneself).
    fi'W 1 '1 c o m. , c o 11 o q.
    d

    1VI; w.1aV

    V to salute by placing the hands palm to

    -.Also

    palm and raising them toward the face (the customary Thai salute of greeting or leavetaking).

    ~'Weln'U1'W1'1

    ch)Tyn?og'baancajl V elab.tobe

    eJn

    601
    happy, pleased, delighted.
    Iii eJn li1
    "' '"'1
    b "l

    eJ'lA,.,n1sn~n1ui.Je/JYlA

    ?olJkaan'-katikaa'peesfflg'

    dii?og'diicajl V e 1 a b. co 11 o q. to be

    nN the Pacific Treaty Organization.

    happy, glad.
    't1 ~ 1 ~ eJ n SUalJ?bg' N chest, breast.

    o EJ~An1SS~'U161 ?olJkaan'radthabaan' N agovernment organization.


    v

    dh.teJn ( tHH) as in

    611b r.J eJ b~'WeJn ( 'IJeJ i) At:M'U 'H supposing

    eJ i A"'n 1 s An13-1

    th~aphya'-pen?og'(kh~~lJ)khunb~alJ'

    '

    ~'tltl 1r'l161 Iii S~bGJ:;; rlilJ'Wo s Hlbb~~ 61Vl


    nN

    i.Js::::'t11V1~ ?olJkaan'sygslla' wfdthajaasaad'


    lewad'thanatham'-helJ'saha?prachaach~ad'

    it was you (instead of me).


    v

    'W'Weln ph6n?og' V to be rid of (e.g. one's worry),

    the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) .


    0

    freed from; to have (something) off one's chest.

    1~ ~ eJn

    HlolJ/?og' V to feel relieved, free, at ease.


    ( iil1) sta'phaa?og' (tua')
    v

    eJ ~An 1 s 61mJs ::::'t11V1 ~ ?olJkaan'saha?prachaa::::


    ch~ad'

    .-

    dfv~1EJn
    V!'W 1 iJ n

    N an upper

    nN the Cnited Nations Organization

    garment which opens down the front.


    ( Vl'W 1 eJ n )
    n~a ?og' (n~a ?og')

    (UN,UNO). -Also
    .-

    ~L'W.

    N chest, private organization . .-

    bust (body-part term).

    ~1e1n
    !:0

    (~1eJn) hua?og'(hi:ia?og')
    d

    N 1. chest,

    8 'l Ai.J S:;; n eJ'U element.

    ?olJ'prak~~b'

    N constituent part,

    breast. 2. co 11 o q. heart.
    eJnlil"' in
    !:0 1-!lelnlil~
    w!lJ/?ogt~lJ'

    -See ~11 "l V colloq. to

    run fast (i.e. to run like a soldier on orders).


    8 n61 1 :w r'l 8 n ?(>g/ saams~~g'

    el"'AIJS:;;V:J.J ?olJ'prachum' N quorum. '" ' ' eJ 'l A:W'Wiil S ( 't11'W) ?olJ'khamontriil (tMn')

    N Privy

    1. (a man) to be

    Councillor.
    eJ ~ASn 13- ( A'W) ?olJkharag' (khan')

    broad-chested. 2. to be a masculine type, a he- man.

    N 1. aide-deboy friend.

    camp; body-guard. 2. slang

    eJn~n ?oghag' V to be broken-hearted (over a


    love affair).
    8n Mb\!bU ?agkatan'juu' V to be ungrateful.
    <U

    eJ 'l r'l1 ?olJsaa' C degree (of temperature; of angular

    measure).
    eJ i 'W
    '

    ' ( 61 n , '\11 'J i , Vel) ?alJun' (l11ug', phualJ' eM~')


    'U

    8 n r'l61 ?akuson' N 1. vice, evil. 2. (as n. mod.) bad

    '

    grape (lQug' for individual fruits; phualJ', ch::b' for clusters, bunches).
    eJt:M ?anuu' N 1. molecule. 2. (as n.mod.) molecular.
    'U

    and false (usually ref. to news).


    0

    eJA!il eJ
    ~

    (iJt11i) c,akhatl?/ (jaalJ')

    N prejudice.

    in eJ ~ eJ 1 "l

    ?olJ?aad' V 1. to be brave, valiant.

    eJ Iii ?od' V 1. to starve, be starved. 2. to refrain

    2. to be dignified, stately.
    eJ i A ( eJ
    ~A)

    from. AA 3. colloq. not get (to do something), lose out on, miss (getting something one expected). -Syn. 3. V11ii.
    v v

    ?olJ' (?olJ') N 1. body (esp. of royalty,

    supernatural beings, etc.). C 2. elf. for royal personages, e.g. kings, queens, princes, princesses; for supernatural beings, e.g. fairies, angels; for sacred objects, e.g. Buddha images.
    '\11 ~:;; eJ 'I A phnl?olJ' P 1. he, him, his (sp. of high-

    'Wo1ellii'Wo1'tl'W nam?od'namthon' N elab. colloq.

    patience, fortitude, endurance.

    bV!~eJ81ii lya?od' V to be unable to, or scarcely


    able to control oneself (usually ref. to anger); to lose control of one's temper.
    iJ !ill "l ?odcajl V to restrain oneself.

    ranking royalty, of divine beings, of the Buddha). C 2. elf. fora king, for high-ranking royalty, divine beings, the Buddha. o '\11:J::::eliAb"l1
    c~w::::

    eJ lillil1 V!G1''U 'il'U lii1'W 8'W ?od'taalab'- khab'taan~~n' V

    (el"'A) phni?olJ 1 c~aw 1, phra?olJ'::::

    e lab. co 11 o q. to go without sleep (as when studying for examinations).


    eJ li1 'tl'W ?odthon' V to be enduring, patient. A1 1 :W--

    (?olJ')

    N 1. roy. prince, son of the king

    born by a lesser concubine. T 2. Prince --.

    -see
    eJ"'An1J

    (bbV!i,IJS"::::bJl'tl,8~An1n

    b"'1~1. '

    patience, perseverance, toughness, endurance.


    v ..,

    ?olJkaan' (helJ'

    eJ!iliJEJn'Wt!eJ ?odmyy'kinmyY-' V colloq. to have

    praph@ed', ?olJkaan')

    N organization.

    something to eat at times and be starving at

    602

    other times (because of poverty).


    vA ( ) l~l; ?Qdl( )mAjd.aj' cannot refrain

    'W S::; 'YI'W ~ a1.J'W ti!61 :W 1 A :W

    d J.,

    phnithtinA:u'?anan'tasamaa::::

    khom' N the Throne Hall. -+Shortened form is


    v

    (from).
    vA61 ?Qdsl:iu' V eleg. to feel ashamed. Fl'd1:W-'U

    a'W'Wrl ?anan' tech. absolute. a'W1AM

    shame--.
    eJ A a rJ 1 f1 ?odjl\agl V to be starved, famished.

    ?anaa'kh6d' N eleg. the future.

    -Opp.

    o F1 'J 1:W aAa !1 111 khwaaml?odjaag' N starvation, famine. -Syn.


    'Yl'W1ill'VJlrl eleg.

    a'W 1 Fllilll1 Gl

    ?anaa'kh6dtakaan' N 1. e leg. the

    aAvv:W

    future. 2. gram. future tense .


    a'W 1 'l1 S ?anaalcaan' N 1. immorality, immoral con-

    ?()d?oom' V to be economical, frugal.

    o vAvv:Wt:l'Wa:WJ1l'l ?()d?oom'-than5omlmimcajl V e lab. to deny oneself in order to defer to, humor, placate another.
    vAv1~1S

    duct. 2. (as n.mod.) lewd, obscene, immoral.


    I

    a'W 1 t:l in

    'W 1 a'W 1 bl n.al?anaad'

    1. to be a pity;

    to be pitiful. 2. What a pity!


    a'W 1 t:l1 a'W1'tlS

    ?Qdl?aahaanl V 1. to starve, be
    I

    ?anaathi1a' poor, without means. in


    a'W1'tlS ;v'Wb'l ?anaathoon'-r5on;cajl

    starved. 2. to diet. 3. to fast.


    a&iLsn in 'l1'Wa~Lsn (vrl1'l)

    :uaanl?adireeg'*
    v

    V to worry about, fret about.


    a'W 1:Wrl

    (jl\a:u') N hobby.

    ?anaamajl N 1. health. 2. sanitation.

    a~lll ?adlid' N el eg. 1. the past. 2. (as n.mod.)


    former, past. -Opp. a'W1Alll.

    n s::: l'l1'cl-a'W 1:W8 kradaadl?anaamaj' N el eg.

    toilet paper. -See note under ns:::l'l1'cl-LVA;'W,


    v

    v~lllll1Gl ?adlid'takaan' N 1. eleg. the past.


    2. gram. past tense.

    'V 1 'J eJ'W 1:Wrl


    d

    kh.awl?anaamaj' N unpolished or
    G..'

    imperfectly polished rice.


    q_,

    a 6 S S :w

    ?atham' V to be evil, unrighteous.

    L 'l1~'W 1'tlv'W 1:W8 c.wn.athti'?anaamaj' N health

    asll61Sll'W ?athflkasurathinl N the extra day in

    officer .
    v'W 1 s 8 'ti'W ?anaa'rajachon' N barbarians, primitive

    a leap year (February 29).


    a Sll1 s See entries below.
    Q

    or uncivilized people. N
    atJ'l ~~

    -+Ant.

    a 1 s t:JcJ'W.

    LL:Wa6ll1S

    (A'W) m~el?athikaan' (khon')

    ?anidcau' N 1. transitoriness, evanescence,

    Mother Superior (among Catholic nuns).


    a Sll1 HJ ~ ( 1'11..1) ?athikaan'bodiil (khon')

    uncertainty. 2. (as n. mod.) transient, transitory, N ephemeral, evanescent, uncertain.


    atJ'l'l1 ?anidcaa'l E lit. Alas! (excl. of sorrow,

    the president of a university .


    a sn1 s -fA a S'U ~

    .(a~ A) ?athikaan'wad' (?o:u') N abbot.

    pity, concern).
    a1J'W'tl~8 ?anin'siil tech. inorganic. -Ant. eJ'W'tlHJ.
    Q ""

    ( A'W, 'W 1 rJ) ?athfbodiil (khon', naaj')

    <Y

    director-general, head of a department.

    a1J'W'tl~rl LAiJ ?anin'sii'kheemii' N inorganic


    chemistry.
    v'W ~ ?anY:tJ' Cj lit. furthermore, for another thing. v'W-. Bound form meaning "lesser, minor," as in
    ,J

    vS'U 1 rJ

    ?athfbaaj' V to explain.

    A" 1- -

    explanation.

    as'lJllllr! ?athfpataj' N eleg. sovereignty. a"1'W 1 'l a s'lJllll rJ ?amn.ad'?athipataj' N e leg.

    sovereign power.
    a S'cl-1 1'W ?athidtMan', ?athftMan' V to pray; to
    I

    the following derivatives.


    a'Wn S S:Wll1 S ( A'W, 't/171)

    makeawish.

    1'11--

    ('U'YI,a81~)

    ?anukammakaan' (khon',

    prayer;

    chud')

    N subcommittee. N Junior Red Cross . N young people,

    ..,
    v'W (
    a1.J~A

    wish. -Dis t. 61 'J A:W'WM

    a'Wn1't11A ?anu?lkaach.ad 1

    lll'J)
    in
    v

    ?6n' (tua')
    a'W~A'W1~

    N bamboo rat. N

    a'W 'ti'W

    ( A'W) ?~muchon' (khon')

    (A'W) ?ano:u'naau' (khon')

    the youth (in a collective sense).


    v'W'lJSbllb\11 ?anu?'-parin'jaa' N university certifi-

    1 it. a beautiful girl.


    v .-

    v'W'Wlil' v1.J'Wlil- ?anan', ?anan'ta::::

    el eg. 1. endless,

    cate (lower than a degree).


    v'WJl S S rJ 1 ( A'W) ?fmu? 'phanrajaa' (khon')
    ..,

    infinite, vast. 2. numerous, countless. 3. math.infinity. -comp. 2.


    Lv'Wll.

    eleg. minorwife. -Syn.

    LilrJ'WeW

    com.

    El'Wq S'WJ11Fl ?anuph~ag' N tech. particle. q

    603
    1 S ~ El'U tJ 1 (1 S~ )

    roou'?objaa' (roou') N tobacco

    v'W~61J61!1 9

    ( Q'\J'U)

    ?anu?lsanjaa' (chaoob')

    curing house.
    e:J'U S J.J ?obrom' V to bring up (with precepts); to
    .J.,

    convention (i.e. an international agreement on a specific matter).


    8~ b Fl

    instruct, train. N e leg. 1. aid, assistance. idem .


    il'Uil'l61 in

    n1 s- -

    training.

    --s y n.

    1;1 ~

    Gi il'W.

    S1 ~ H ?anukhr5? I
    .-

    lll~'US'Ue:J'l~

    talobl?(>b?uan' V to be

    V 2. to help, assist. A 'J 1J.J-q

    diffused, wafted, pervading.


    il'U eJ 1 'l
    9

    b~'WEl'WbAS1::;Vl u;::ml?anukhr5?1 N subsidy.

    ?(>b?~aw'

    V to be close, stuffy, hot, sultry.

    El'W61)11ll ?1muj~ad' V to permit, allow. q bll El'W61J u


    9 9

    El'U El'W ?(>b?un' V 1. to be warm (of climate, weather).

    ('l 'U)

    bajl?anuj~ad' (baj')

    N permit.

    2. to be warm, good-natured (in character, manner). o


    bAs eJ ~ 'fl1Fl 'l1J.Jil'U il'W q
    I

    El'W'U 161 ?anubaan' V lit. to rear, take care of,

    look after.
    l:JH;tJ'WS'W'U161 q

    (lAs il ~)

    kh!Jau'-tham::::

    (bb~~, 1:JH;tJ'W)

    roouriant?anu:::: o ll !;l'U e:J'U e:J' W ( bb !;l'U) theeb'?ob?un' (th'teb') q geog. temperate zone.
    il'U b 'titJ ?obchddV N cinnamon. lll'W-( lll'W)

    baan' (heu', roourian') nursery school.

    N 1. kindergarten. 2.

    v'WdJ~ ?anumad', ?anumad' N 1. approval. 2. permis-

    '

    the

    sion. V 3. to approve. 4. to grant permission.

    cinnamon tree.
    e:J'U1tJ~'IJ

    ~u lv'Wl7~ kh:')::JI?anumad' V to seek approval, q


    permission, approbation. official correspondence. --Used chiefly in

    ?abaaj'jamug' N lit. all vices, allurements

    which lead to ruin.

    e:Ji.Jnlil ?a?'pakatl?l V lit. to be abnormal. --Ant.


    LJn~.
    e:J'iJGioUltJtJ ?abisinia', ?abf- pN Abyssinia. [f. Eng.] eJ'WtJ'W ?obphaj6b' V 1. to emigrate.

    v'Wl7~1; ?~mumad'h~j::::
    9

    to grant (someone) per-

    mission to (do something).


    El~J.J1'W

    ?ftnumaan', ?anumaan' V lit. to guess,

    2. to evacuate.

    estimate, conclude.
    El'WlJ.J'fl'W1 ?anumoo'thanaa' V 1. to express grati9

    e:JoW1 S ?aphith6o'! E excl. expressing surprise over


    something simple one had overlooked. -+Com p.

    tude.
    9

    2. to rejoice with, rejoice for (someone).

    'W1fi.
    e:JJltJ ?aphajl V el eg. to forgive, pardon. 'IJe:JEJJltJ kh~b?aphajl V eleg. to apologize, to beg

    v'W161J.J ?anuloom' V lit. 1. to compromise, yield

    to expediency. 2. to follow suit. sV 3. in order, in sequence. -+Ant. 3.


    9

    LJij 161 J.J

    1 it.

    pardon.
    1 ;eJJltJ Mj?aphajl V el eg. to forgive, pardon,

    S'W51Hlb ?~mus5::Jn' N eleg. reminder, remembrance,

    memorial.
    b~'WS'W51
    9

    excuse.
    1. to be a token (of),
    EJJltJlrl't:f ?aphajltMod', ?aphajjatMod' V eleg.

    :l~ penl?anus5::Jn'

    a reminder (of). 2. in memory (of), as a memorial (to).


    ~ I

    to forgive, pardon, excus~ . ..., ilJl1T'W'fl'W1flU as in lil'ltJeJJl1T'Wrl'W1fl1~'11fl dfiajl:::: ?aphfnan'thanaakaan'-caag:::: lit. with the compliments of.

    8'WE11 1 HI
    9

    ( LLvH) ?anusaa'warii' (h'E:u')

    N monu-

    ment, memorial.
    El'WE11 'l ~[I
    9

    "'

    cJ[j 1 d.J :l JliJ


    ~

    ?anusaa'warii'-chaj'sam:'b::::

    e:JJlcWVl1 S ?aphinfMan' N supernatural power. JJl'U1Gl ?aphibaan' V lit. to protect. eJJltls 1tJ ?aphipraajl V el eg. to discuss.

    raphuum' pN Monument of Victory (in Bangkok). 8 b'W fl . See l 8 'W n ,


    8'U ?ob' V 1. to bake; to roast, broil (in an oven).

    n1 s--

    discussion.
    ilJlSJ.JtJ ?aphirom' V 1. eleg. to be merry, happy,

    2. to scent, perfume (by placing in a closed container).


    b lll1 8'U ( b lll1 ) taw?ob' (taw')

    delighted. 2. to rest, repose .


    .-

    N 1. oven. 2. kiln.

    'W18JlSml n.al?aphirom' V eleg. to be delightful,

    tf1v'U nam?ob'

    N perfume; toilet water. --Syn.

    enjoyable, pleasing.

    eJJi61n~lll1~tJ ?aphflag'khldtasamajl N lit. the time

    604 of a ceremony as prescribed by custom. o

    8~11'\J L~8!Tn
    I

    Lfiltl jaapajch9a/naglaaVl Don't

    e:di L~n ?aphiseeg/ 'W6ail L~n (oWS)


    ail~'ll( ?aphfsld/
    "' el:!.l:!.lel "' L171n
    stage).

    V roy. to appoint ceremoniously.

    (you) ever believe (in it)!


    '4.1 .;

    phfthii/?aphfseeg/ (phfthii/)

    o 8 tJ 1 n
    'IJ

    'j 'U

    ~ 1 'IJ jaaruuceb/ruukh~V l May you 'IJ

    N roy. wedding ceremony. N special privilege, prerogative.

    never suffer any sickness] o 8 ~ 1 1 ;J.J 1 n 1 tJ Llilt! jaa::: ... Mjm~ag/pajlaajl Don't (do this or that) so much! Do stop {doing N infant, this or that) so much! ' 8tl1 L'WeJ (1) jaaph~a:::; (2) jaaph:Ja/l 1. AA don't
    '

    el:!.l ?om/ V to keep in the mouth. ( A'W) deg/?ommyy/ (khon/)

    small child (i.e. one still in the thumb-sucking

    (do such and such) yet. 2. Wait!


    8t.J1n jaag/ V 1. to want, desire. AA 2. want to,

    o '11"'1t'iJ'WL~neJJ.JlJeJ tham/-pendeg/?ommyy/ to
    be childish, behave like a child.
    '11'\J'Vi'l '1'\JeJ:!.l'iJJ.Jn ~'W thon/ -waan?om/khomklyyn/

    wish to. A 'l1 :!.l--

    desire, yearning, craving.

    NOTE. This word is used as a verb with noun object in only two or three fixed expressions, the most common being "want water."
    l!ne:Jt.J1n nygjaag/ AA feel like (doing something);
    8 tJ 1 n'W. 1 to be thirsty:

    idiom. to take the bitter along with the sweet.


    el:!.JA'l1J.J ?om/khwaam/ V to keep something to

    ...

    oneself.
    eJJ.J'W:::'lJ1 ?omphanam/ V to keep quiet, keep

    something to oneself, hold one's tongue.


    eld.J~:!.l ?omjfm/ V to smile knowingly, or in

    ...

    feel like it .

    o l!n 8 tJ 1 n L~'lJ L'1'\J nygjaag/daanl~n/ to feel like


    taking a walk.

    mildly amused and patronizing manner (without parting the lips).


    eJJ.J1 ~A ?om/r6og/ V to be sick, unhealthy.

    1~l!n 8t.J 1n m~jnygjaag/l (I) don't feel like it. 1~ 8 tJ 1 n m~jjaag/ AA not to want to, not to wish
    o
    o

    to.

    eJJ.JL~8lil8J.J~1171 ?oml9ad/?omfaad/ V elab.


    co 11 o q. (the face) to have a good color, a clear, healthy complexion .
    8J.J'lJ~tJ q
    ..-

    1~8t.J 1n 1 ; m~jjaagd~aV
    not to want.

    not to wish to have,

    s1J.J8t.J 1n somjaag/ V to fulfill one's craving. i'W81it.Jll11t.J8t.J1n stn/-?aalaj/taajjaag/ V elab.

    (lll'l,lll'W,8~A) ?a?/mam1d/ (tua/,ton/,?ou/)

    N lit. supernatural being.

    ...

    co 11 o q. to lose all hope, be in despair, be utterly discouraged.


    8lil 8 t/1 n ? odjaag/ 8 tJ 1 n 'il::: jaagca:::

    8J.Jb]lll in 'W"18J.Jb]Jil

    naam/?ammarid/ N 1. divine liquor.

    drink, nectar of the gods. 2. slang


    8 LJ.J~rl'W

    to starve' be famished.

    (A'W) ?ameerikan/ (khon/) Nan American.

    AA want to, wish to. AA not to want to,

    A'lJ ~- idem. [f. Eng.] '111 'l 8 L:!.l~rl'W ( A'W) chaaw/?ameerikan/ (khon/)

    1~8t.J1n'il::: m~jjaagca:::
    not to wish to.

    N an American.
    &f1'\Jn'iJ 1 'l s11 ~ 8 L:!.l~rl'W samnag/ -khaawsaan/?amee:::
    I

    8t.J1n1;

    jaagd~aV

    to desire, wish to have. l'l'l1J.J--

    want, desire (to get, have something) .

    ...

    rikan/ U. S. Information Service.


    8 LJ.J~n 1 ?ameerikaa/ N America. [f. Eng.] s1 Vitl 1 ff sj 8 LJ.J ~ n 1 saba? /paaliirad/-? ameerikaa/

    8tl1n'W1 jaagnaam/ V to be thirsty.

    8 tJ 1 n1~
    8tl1n
    ~

    jaag/m~j:::

    to want not to.

    jaagruu/ to be curious, want to know, be


    <:

    N United States of America.


    8 LJ.JSn 11;

    anxious to know.
    8 t/1 n ~ 8 tJ 1 n LVi'W
    'IJ

    ?ameerikaa/t~aV

    N South America.

    jaagruu/jaagh~n/

    to be curious,

    8t.J1 (1) jaa/, jaa:::; (2) jaa/l 1. AA do not, don't

    inquisitive.
    8t11
    ~

    l'l 'l1 J.J- -

    curiosity.

    (prohibitive). 2. Don't!
    I I

    jaau/, jan::: C 1. kind, sort, variety (hence elf. for articles, utensils, sports, etc.). 2. like, -ly,

    o elti1'U'W jaabon/l Don't complain.


    I -"\

    o 8t.J1 L1J'W8'W'iJ1171 jaa:::.. -pen?ankhaad/l

    Do

    in . . . a manner.
    Jt/1~n'l'W'l

    -s y n.

    1.

    titJ til
    .

    not (do such and such) under any circumstances. (You) are absolutely not to {do such and such).

    ...

    jaaukuankuan/ in an annoying manner.


    jaaukw~aukhwaau/

    elt/1

    ~n

    'l1 'l'iJ'l1 'l

    extensively.

    eHJ 1 ~

    605

    NOTE ( 1)

    eJ rJ 1 ~ is often best translated as

    mately, sketchily.
    Eli'J 1 1 LA I'J jaa:gkhaaj' as usual. EJI'J 1 ~ 1 't.! Ftau:gan', jaunan' like that.
    li'J1~'t.!'t.!,
    ~ ~ ~
    ~

    "like, the way, in the manner of," e.g.

    eJ~ 11.ff
    writ.

    "like this," i.e. "of this kind, sort; in this way:' In this sense, it is synonymous with See also

    - v a r. of

    LliW
    ~'W,
    "'

    V1

    -Alsowritten I'J-l-l't.!, q.v. what, how, in what way. -Var. -Also written 6'1 1

    .t:, a variant form. eJtJ 1


    ~'W'W,
    !;

    (2) In ordinary
    eJrJ 1
    eJ[J 1 ~

    speech the expressions

    L~'W, eJ~111~

    (see below) are usually contracted

    El~1-:J1-i jan:gajl of eJ ~ 1-i 1 L


    eJ I'J 1 ~

    ~,

    q.v.

    to jannan', jannfi', jann6on', jan raj', or to jan::: nan', jannfi', etc., or even to nan', nfi', etc. These contractions are sometimes reflected in the spelling (e.g.
    [J ~'W'W, rJ ~ ~'W, 1'\J,
    !; !; !;

    ~ ~ r~ jaancincan' really, seriously, truth-

    fully.
    eJ ~ 1 ~ 1 "I jaaucajl according to one's wishes.

    etc.) but

    often the full uncontracted spellings are--used.

    ~11~1;e1~1~1~ D;eJ~1; tMam~jd~ajljaancajl


    -k~r:S::~uh~aVi If he doesn't have his way, he'll

    in one thing while losing in another.


    (V

    cry.
    ~ ~

    .,__,

    .._,

    111 'l EJ tJ 1 ~

    ( EJ't.! , 111 'l EJ tJ 1 ~ ) tuajaau' (?an', tuajaau')

    Eli'J 1 ~ !il.'U'Wiil't.! jaa:gcha.b'phlan' instantly, promptly,

    N 1. example. 2. sample. o un!ii'JEJLI1~ j6gltuajaau' togiveanexample, bring up an example.


    1111 :J. J 1 tJ 1 ~ taamjaau' V to imitate, follow (some-

    at once, abruptly.
    81'J 1 ~ b ~I'J'U'tJ 1 ~ jaa:gchlab'khaad' absolutely,

    strictly.
    Eli'J 1 ~

    ~ jaandii' 1. good, of good quality. 2. well.


    I

    one's) example.
    'YJn EJLI 1 ~ thugjaau'
    9

    o 't'f181'J 1-i ~ tham'jaaudii' to do (it) well.


    1. everything. 2. in every way,

    <>

    b'1J't.!Eli'J1-i~

    _"\

    ""

    penjaandii' 1. quite well. 2. wil-

    in every respect, of every kind.


    I

    lingly, gladly. o I'J 1 Eli'J 1 -i ~ jaa I jaandiil tobacco of good quality, a good tobacco.
    81'J 1 ~ wmi ~ jaaudii'thtisud' 1. the best, of the 9
    I ..

    'U 1 ~ Eli'J 1 ~ baaujaau' 1. something; of some kind(s),

    of a certain kind. 2. some, certain (ones). -Also


    Ll'U'U EJI'J 1 ~ 'U 1 ~

    ~~

    . N

    ( U'U'U, el't.!) bhbjaau' (bhb', ?an')

    best kind. 2. best, in the best way. 3. at best.


    EJI'J 1 -i b fi1 fi1 v 1 fi1 jaauctedkhaad' definitely, absolutely,
    I

    c;

    example, pattern.
    L'iJ't.! 1 ~ 1 ~ 1 penjaaujaau' one by one, individually

    decidedly, unquestionably.
    I
    ~

    (ref. to kinds, varieties of things); by kinds, varieties; according to kinds, varieties.


    :J..JEII'J1H1~1 miijaau'r"Y!
    <>
    I ""

    81'J 1 -i b fi1 :J. J jaaudaam' as before, as previously;

    as usual.
    81'J1-i

    How come? What is

    b~I'J'l jaandiaw' sole, solely, alone.


    "'
    ~

    this? (expressing indignation, reproachfulness, disappointment).


    li'J I'J ~ Eli'J 1 1 jtaujaau' N established example,
    d

    81'J1-i Lfili'J'Jn't.! jaaudiaw'kan Eli'J1-i

    of the same kind.

    L~I'J'lrl'U jaaudiaw'ka::::: 1. the same as. 2.

    in the same way as.

    manner, pattern.
    l Vl:J..JEJ't.!Elt.l 1-i myanjaau:::::
    "' I

    like, as.

    El~1-l1fil jaaudajl inanyway. o ll~1~1-il~ thjaaudajl 1. (not)


    whatsoever.
    I I

    at all. 2. (none)

    EJI'J 11 n ~::; ~ 1 n 1 jaaukradaag'kradaag' bashfully.

    Eli'J1~rl't.!b1~ jaaukan?eeu' informally, ina


    friendly, intimate manner.
    Eli'J 1 ~ n'U jaauka:::::, jauka:::::

    81'J 1 -i 1 ~ 81'J 1 .!1 Vl't.! ~ jaaudaV jaaunY!l' any kind, any

    way (of several alternative ways); either thing, either way.


    I

    like, as if. -s y n.

    lit.,eleg.
    I I

    Eli'J 1 -i S ~ ~ :J. J fi11 jaanthammadaa' 1. as usual; in the

    Eli'J 1 .:J'(J 'l1't.!W 1"111 n jaaukhwilan'pha.as~agl idiom.

    ordinary way. 2. of the ordinary kind.


    Eli'J 1 ~ 't.! 81'J jaaun:bjl at least.
    I

    outspokenly, unreservedly (of speech).


    Eli'J 1-:JLV~H~J't.! jaaukheukhiln' wholeheartedly, dili~

    81'J 1-i't.!'t.! jaaunan", jaunan', ja~:man' like that, that

    gently, with all (one's) strength.


    Eli'J 1-i A~ 1 'l 1 jaa:gkhr~awkhr~aw'

    way, of that sort. -+Also I'J ~'t.!'t.!, I'J ~ 'l't.!. Note 2 under main entry above.

    -See

    roughly, approxi-

    606
    o n1!:11-!l'W'WU'Vl~:::, ne:J!J1'l'W'W~Lb'Vl~::: k~jannan 1 1f:?L
    k~jannan 1 jannan'le?l
    <:
    I

    1::

    <:

    1::

    1. It's so-so, fair, not

    in an impoverished manner.
    eJ !J 1 'l :J.J 1 n
    jaaum~ag'

    too good and not too bad, indifferent. 2. It's partly true, more or less true.
    o 'W'WeJ!J1'l'W'W"U n~nl jannanlsiil colloq. There,
    ,L
    I

    1. at most, at the maximum.

    2. very, much, highly. 3. big, great, maximum.


    o b'iJ'W eJ ~ 1 ~ :J.J 1 n penjaau'm1iag' 1. at most, at

    l;:_:'j

    that's it. That's the point. There you are.


    "' I

    the very most. 2. very much.


    I

    o 'W"TIU HlW !J 1 'l'W'W naam'phanjannan' that sort of liquid.


    I

    1::

    eJ ll1 ~ :J.J s:;; l 'U !J'U jaaumiil rablab' in good order,

    c>

    c>

    in an orderly manner.
    ..

    o eJ!J1'l'W'WVlSeJ jannan'ra;:,' colloq.


    1::

    1::

    Oh, really?

    !~ 1 ~ 1~ihJbli'Vl1

    jaaum1ijmiilpanMa' without ques-

    Is that right! (expressing surprise, disbelief). o 1!:11-!l'W'W'] jannan'jannan' colloq. 1. like that and that and that; this, that, and the other. 2. to be so- so, indifferent.
    I I
    ~

    tion, unquestionably; no doubt, doubtless.

    1~1~1~~171~:;;

    jaau'-m1ijl6dla?t unrelentingly,

    relentlessly, without slackening, unceasingly, without letup, without giving in. -Also eJll1 ~

    e:J!J 1 ~'W 1'Wfl 'l 'l jaann~a'phfdsawi'>n' el eg. amaz-

    1~~:;;~171.
    d elll1~ll~

    ing! y, astonishing! y.
    e:J!J1'l'W jaannfi', jannfi', jannfi' 1. like this, this
    J-'

    jaaujtu' extremely, exceedingly.

    way, of this sort. 2. This is it! This is the way! -Also !J ~'W, !J 'l ~. main entry above.
    o e.J:J.J1!:11-'l'W pMm'jannfi' colloq. 1. I myself.
    J-'
    .......

    o Ll71ll l ~'W 1:;; eJ ~ 1 ~


    lV'W eJ ~ 1 ~ ~

    ~~

    doojchaph:J? 'jaauj!u' in

    .......

    -See Note 2 under o

    particular, especially.

    penjaaujtu' in the extreme, to

    the utmost.
    elli1~;'W66S~

    2. as for me.
    "' I

    jaaurunreeu' violently, with force;

    o SeJ!J'H'W ruuljanniil colloq. had (I) known it


    'II

    J-'

    strong, violent (e.g. desires).

    {before).

    !~ 1 ~ 1 s

    jaaurajl, jaurajl, jauuaV 1. how? what?

    !~ 1 'lL ~'W

    jaann6on', jann6on', jannoon' like that,

    in what way? 2. how, what, in what way, in any way. 3. odd, strange, not quite right, unacceptable. -Also

    that way, of that sort. -Also El'lL ~'W, rl'lL ;'W. -see Note 2 under main entry above. -Chiefly used in combinations with eJ !J 1 'l 'W as in the following examples.
    o 1!:11 'lL'W'W'U 1'l e:J!J 1 'l'W'U 1 'l jann6on 1 Mu-ja~miV:::
    I 'V 'V I
    ~'-'

    8 ~ 1 S , 8~ 1 ~ .

    -See Note 2 under

    J-'

    main entry above.


    o

    FlDJ.'l:::11eJ~1~1s
    '
    wish to say?

    khun 1 -caw1ia'jauuaVl What

    have you got to say for yourself? What do you

    Mn a bit of this and a bit of that; unclearly, making little sense; hedgingly, in a roundabout manner.
    oo rl1 e:J !J 1 'lL 'W'W'U 1 'l e:J !J 1 'l 'W'U 1 'l low e:J ~ 1 l 1 ~ 1 tham:::
    1

    o 'l nheJ~ 1 ~ 1 S catham'jauuaV 1. what's to be done, what one should do; what shall (one) do?

    'l.l

    ~V

    2. no matter what (one) does.


    o 'l:::

    janu6on1 bllu-jauuH'Mu ph1akMa 1 weelaa 1 to do a little of this and a little of that just to kill time.

    61J'WeJ~1~1s

    capen'jauuaV what will happen;

    what will happen to, what will become of. o

    171eJ~1'11S']eJ~
    'IJ

    oo'Wl'l1~1 'lL~'W;1-1 !~ 1 'l~; 1 ~


    'IJ

    'IJ

    duu 1 jauuajljauuajl-juu colloq.

    pMudjauu6on 1 Muo
    o

    to look odd, strange, not quite right, unacceptable.

    jauuii'Mu to speak in a roundabout way (showing reluctance to come to the point).


    o

    1 eJ ll1 ~ H
    I

    ~'I eJ ~ 1 ~ 1 S
    <;Cq

    thY1JjauuaV however; anyhow.


    4

    171, bl ~--

    jauuajlk~diil,

    thY1Jjaaurajl:::

    eJ~1'lL~'WeJ~1'1~ jauu6on 1 jaunii 1


    2. idiom. to complain, fuss.
    I

    1. this and

    k~diil

    even so, however, nevertheless, at any


    <:

    that; like this and like that, this way and that.
    cl

    rate. o eJ ll1 ~ 1 S n lil1 :J.J jauuajlk~taam' however; at any rate. o


    I

    eJ !J 1 ~ l 'U 1 'Yl (;1l'! jaanbaw'th!isud' most lightly, in

    ' the lightest

    manner.

    e:J~ 1 ~ 1 s ~

    jauuajljauuaV co 11 o q. at any rate;

    607

    no matter what.
    I I

    2. room and board (as an expense item), the cost of room and board. o 1 ;n'W 1 ~
    .}' I 'IJ 'IJ

    1 tJ 1 >1 '.l 1 jaauw~a-' as stated, as said; as it is said

    (e.g. in a proverb).

    h~jkinjuu-'
    .}'
    I

    to provide room and board.

    1~1-1 b~ul~l; jaausia-'m~jd~ajl


    someone's pleading).
    I

    against one's

    '/J'W 1 tJ

    kh9J1-'juu-' to be growing, is growing.


    .,1
    V

    will, against one's better judgment (giving in to


    .J

    o :J.J!lVllii 1'U'/J'W1US 1:J.JiiHl'W q 'IJ

    mii-'kulaab-'kh9J1-'~juu::::::

    saam-'sli-'t6n-'! There are three or four rose bushes growing {there).


    .}' 1

    1 tJ 1 'l Vl'W 'l jaau-'nYD

    ... eJU 1 >1Vl'W'l

    &

    "'

    1!1 1U 1 'lVl'W 'l...

    for one thing. &

    .,\

    jaau-'nYD!

    '/J'WeJU ( n'U, un, '11)


    'IJ

    kh9J1-'juu(ka, kh, thti):::::: to

    ?ligjaau-'nyt].......

    . .. for one thing; for another


    I

    depend (on), be governed (by), conditioned (by).


    I

    thing, ... (expression used when listing reasons, examples, etc.).


    1U 1 'lVl'W'l eJU 1 >11~ jaaunyu-'jaaudajl anything, any
    I

    Fl1 1 tJ

    'IJ

    kh~ajuu-'

    N lodging (as an expense item),

    the cost of lodging.


    A I .,\

    .J

    "l :l 'l 1 tJ ( '11)


    'IJ

    ciujuu-'{thti::::::) it's true (that); actually,

    kind, any way (of a given number of alternatives); either thing, either kind, either way.
    1 ~ 1 '11 Vl'W jaaunaj-' which kind. 1 n 1 tJ 1 ~ Vl'W 'l ?ligjaau-'nYD

    in fact.

    ~ "l:::: n ~:::: l ~ 1 ~ 'IJ 'IJ

    duu-'cakraraj-'juu-' 1. to seem

    strange, peculiar. 2. (That) looks rather odd.


    111!1 1~1 'W~1 tog-'juunajmyy-' to fall into the hands of. ~ "l 111 ~ 1 u t~u-' juu-' to be situated, located.
    'IJ
    I

    &

    one more thing, (and

    for) another thing, also, furthermore.


    b 11 1 u 1 'l ?awjaau-' to follow the example of,

    111 ~ 1 tJ tld-'juu-' to be attached.


    'IJ
    I

    imitate.
    1 u m 6 n :J.J ?ajud-'titham-' V 1. to be unjust, unfair.
    q

    '111'W 1 tJ
    .J
    I I

    'IJ

    thaan-' ... juu-' to be resistant to. thtijuu-' (h'E:u-') N 1. living quarters,

    '111U

    'IJ

    ( LLVl'l)

    N 2. injustice. Fl'.l1:J.J--

    injustice.
    A

    residence (e.g. mailing address).


    'W11U
    'IJ

    1 ~ 6 tJ 1 ?ajudthajaa-' pN Ayuthaya (Ayuthia), former

    n~ajuu-'
    I

    V to be cozy, liveable.

    .,\

    capital of Thailand located up the river from Bangkok. -+Also ll ~ 'l b n 1


    1 tJ juu-', juu
    'IJ

    'U'W b '11U 'J 1 tJ


    'IJ

    com.

    biJ'W 1 ~ penjuu-' V to be, exist, live.

    'IJ

    binthtaw-'juu-' to be flying around.


    A11 :J.J-- way

    V 1. to be (in such and such a location).

    of living; existence.
    I~

    2. to live, stay, dwell. 3. to be nailed, i.e. caught, seized, trapped, hit (as by a bullet), killed; to be in the bag. sV 4. (is) in the state of (doing).

    ~~::::

    b"l11UVl1
    'IJ

    (l'lA,~~::::l'lA)

    phnk~wjuuhila-'

    (?ou-', phra?ou-') N 1. king. T 2. King --.


    il 1U mii-'( ... )juu::::::
    <u

    has, have; is, are in pos-

    n 1 :l-- (act of) living, dwelling.

    session of; is, are in existence; is, are to be found; there is, are. o

    --+S y n. 1. 2. tJ :l:::: TI'U expressions, 1 tJ


    'IJ

    roy. NOTE. In some

    is pronounced juu (unstressed,

    :W1J1~ 'IJ
    ."')A I

    miichajljuu to be in force, in use; is

    mid tone) by some speakers when it is at the end of the utterance. o lf1A :i'.l 1~ thamkhrua-'juu (she) is cooking.

    being used. o :J.J't111111U miichiiwfd-'juu-' V to be alive, to 'IJ live, exist. o ileJu & A'W mii-'-juuh~a-'khon-' there are five
    'IJ

    !11~'1 1U as in 'IJ
    ~

    'IJ

    !11~'1 1U1 'WA 'J 1:1-JtJU:J.J kamlanjuu-''IJ .,_,

    najkhwaam-'nfjom-' is (at present) popular.


    I

    people.

    !11&1 'l 1 u kamlau:::::: ... juu-' to be in the process


    'IJ

    l~ 1 ~ 'IJ
    "-'

    as in the following entries.


    I I

    of (doing such and such). o llo1R-:rtf11:::: 1 :l 1~ kamlautham?araj-'juu-' What


    'IJ

    o lll~'l61Al:J.J1U t~u-'satl?-'-m~jjuu-' cannot concen<u

    trate. o

    are you doing?


    d 0
    rv
    I

    I~

    ~ 'll~1~ jiu-'m~jjuu-' 'll


    mal) (by shooting).
    I

    cannot drop (e.g. an ani-

    '/JlJ!,::::'I1!lo1!il 'l11'W1U'W'W khana?-'-thiikamlau?aan-'::::::


    'IJ
    ~

    juumin-' while he was (in the midst of) reading.


    A I

    tJ 'l ( ) 1 u jau( ... )juu-' to still be in (a place,


    'IJ

    !l'W1U kinjuu-' V to room and board (with).

    o Fl1 n'W 1 U kh~akinjuu-' N 1. living expenses. 'IJ

    I'IJ

    a state of), still be there, still be around, still be {thus and so), still be (doing such and such).

    608

    o IJ o

    b ~ n eJ IJ
    <: '

    "'

    IJ~

    jaudeg~'juu/

    is still a child.

    (e.g. an animal trapped or shot in hunting).


    eJ 1 Fl!'J eJ ~
    'IJ

    bflneJIJ jauleg~'juu~' is still small.


    ~

    o i'~rt1n 1 HHl'tH1 'J'WeJIJ jauthamkaan~'soobsilan~'~

    '

    ?aas~:Vjuu'

    1. to live, dwell (regularly),

    inhabit. 2. to be dependent (on) (for one's living).


    leJ1n1SeJ~

    juu/ is still being investigated. o ~~~iii 'J eJ IJ jaumiitua~'juu/ is still living.


    ~

    ?awkaanl'juu' colloq. 1. tobequite

    a thing; that's quite a thing. 2. mighty, pretty, quite, rather.


    leJ1(

    ov

    <V'

    I ~

    :wnGl:::IJ~eJIJ'Yl'W

    J .J

    mag/cajaujuul'-thtinti/ might

    still be here, might still stay here.

    )1;eJ~

    ?aw'( ... )Mjjuu' colloq. to

    "' eJ eJ IJ lya'juul' to remain, be left. bV!fl


    I~

    ,j

    get (something, someone) under control, get control over, subdue, finish.
    eJ S 'i/s

    eJ IJ n'l.J'tl juukathti' 1. to be fixed in place, stay in


    ~

    place. 2. firmly, rooted to the ground.


    0

    ?oorachoon', ?oonchoon' V to be beautiful.


    F(1eJSHl kham?ad' N code,jargon,lingo,

    fl n s eJ n 'ii'W~ eJ IJ n'l.J '11 ltlugr~ogl' -chanidl'juukathtil'


    ~ ~

    Q./

    eJSHl in

    a fixed pulley.
    ~
    I.....,
    ~

    secret vocabulary of a special group.


    eJ s s [lfl ~ ?ad'thakhadii/ N law case. eJ s s m

    o IJ'Wel!'Jn'U'Yl jyynl'juukathti/ 1. to stand pat, stand firm. 2. to stand in one place.


    I
    ~
    Cl.l

    fi'll 11J

    ?adtMa~'thfbaajl' N explanation, elucida-

    q.o

    q.,

    ov

    eJ IJ n'l.J bV!IJ 1 b r.J 1 n"U b S eJ'W juul'kaj.1wl' -ffiw'karyan'

    tion.
    eJ; eJ !'J

    -ct.

    eJ S'U 1 !'J

    e 1 a b. co 11 o q. to stay at home and look after things (considered a good quality for a woman).
    lA
    ~

    ?arojl'* V 1. com. to be delicious, tasty (as food). 2. slang


    d
    IV .:;;;> I

    to be fun.

    "" -+Also 1. beJSlileJSeJ!'J


    eleg.

    <V'

    eJ!'Jn'W~'JIJn'W

    juukin'dtlajkan' to live together,


    0

    colloq. -+Syn. 1. LeJ'ii1S6i


    b'Yl!'J 'Jn'W b Gi!'J eJ

    cohabit (man and woman, husband and wife).


    eJ !'J ~ 11J
    ~

    sew

    thtaw'kansfa?arojl' 1. to

    n'IJ ~ 11J

    juuufiajl'kinufiajl' co 11 o q. to be

    have a great time, have fun in going out. 2. to go out a lot.


    eJ S 1:W ?araam' V to be bright, lustrous.
    eJ~

    easy to please (with regard to food and accommodations).


    lc:.IA
    ~

    c:.l

    eJ!'J~n'W~

    juudii/kindii/ to live and eat well, have

    ?arl?l' N eleg. enemy, foe.

    a fair standard of living.


    eJ !'J til 'J juutua' V to be stable, maintain (its) form.
    'l{d

    b'iJ'WeJ~ pen?arl?l' 1. to be enemies. 2. as an


    enemy, as enemies.
    eJ HM ?arunl' N e leg. morning; daybreak, dawn. q

    eJIJ'Yl
    ~

    juu~'thti=

    1. to depend on; (something) to be

    up to (someone). 2. to be at, live at. -+See also


    .,'

    --s y n.

    com .

    'IJ'Wel!'J
    I
    ~

    above.

    s ~ eJ HM
    q q

    '

    rtliJI'? a run' e l e g. dawn; at dawn, in the

    "<

    eJ!'J1'W:WeJ juunajmyy' 1. to be in the hands (of),

    early morning.
    eJ fl'J !'J See elfl b 'J
    ~

    under the control (of). 2. to be at hand, on hand, in stock.

    eJ ::: fl :W eJ WW
    9

    ?onlaweeu' V to be tumultuous, chaotic. -Also occasionally

    '"' eJ !'J'U 1'\J juuMan' to be home, at home.


    eJ !'J b'iJ'W b'W eJ'W juupenph~anl' to keep (someone)
    ~

    eJ 'J n ?t)agl' V com. to vomit. eJ'Jn.

    .J

    --+Syn. eJ1L~t.J'W,Gio1SeJn eleg., nn

    company.
    eJ ~l '\'1 juufajl' to lie by a fireplace after childbirth
    ~

    vulg.

    el'Jn 1A
    eJ 'J
    ~

    ?awakaad' N tech. space, outer space.

    (a Thai custom).
    cl eJ!'J:W1'J'WV!'W~
    I

    ?lJ.ad' V to show, show off, display, exhibit.

    juumaa'wan'nYD

    (and) then one day,

    eJ 'J ~ Ln ~ ?uadkeu' V to act as though one is able

    one day later on.


    eJ !'J :W eJ juumyy' V to be under control, in hand.
    ~
    I

    .,.

    to do something without trying; hence, to think oneself smart, to talk big, to brag.
    eJ 'J lil ~ ?U.addii' V 1. to be impudent, bold, insolent,

    eJ~!'J
    I
    ~

    1;!..J juujaam' V to be on guard (at a place).


    "'

    eJIJ b!'J'W b1J'W6i'IJ juujen'pensug' V elab. to live q

    -'i

    impertinent. 2. to be saucy, put on airs. 3. to dare, i.e. have the nerve (to do such and such). --+Syn. 3. rleJ~.
    1

    in happiness, in peace and contentment. ' " eJ !'J bbGJ 'J juuleew' already.
    ''II

    eJUbl;'J1 juuleew'-juuleew'l
    'IJ

    We got it, we got it!

    eJ 1 lil !il'J ?uadtua' V to boast, brag (about oneself).

    609
    J 'J ~ s ?uadruu' V to think one knows it all, knows
    'II

    ,.,

    J J
    +

    1:11

    See

    J J Ll J

    .,

    better.

    -+Often used chidingly.

    -+Syn. 61 S.
    '11'11

    J J

    ?3::~'

    E Oh (I see; I get it) .


    ?;)::~g';

    1JJ'J~ ?6o?uad' V toboast,brag.


    J 'J 'W ( ~'W , t.J 1 n ) ?uan' (phyYfi', paag') J 'J 'W ?O.an' V to be fat, stout. N seine.

    JJn (1, 2, 3)

    (4)

    ?~g

    V 1. to leave. 2. to put

    forth, issue; to break out (as a rash). sV 3. out. 4. colloq. very (see ex.). -+Ant. 1, 3. o 61'JtJJJn
    V1JJn
    b;11 Fl
    si:iaj'?~g

    Fl 'J 1 :1-J- -

    fatness,

    bV1.

    obesity .
    ._, v
    I

    verypretty.

    J 'J'WGl.'l:W.1 ?O.an'dtmm~m' to be chubby (used esp.

    khaa?:,::~g'

    on the way out, outgoing. c 011 0 q.

    of children and babies).


    J 'J'W~ ?O.anchu?.f V to be fat and flabby, over-

    s J J n 1 Fl s kh~wkhraj'?;)::~g'khraj'

    to be partial, to favor one and not another.


    0

    weight.
    J'J'W~

    l~ b;11 Fl s J J n 1 Fl s m~jkh~wkhraj'- ?;)::~g'khraj'


    to be neutral, impartial.

    ?O.ant(i?.f to be fat, obese {of adults), chubby

    (of children).
    J'J'W't1'J'W ?O.anthuan' 1. to be fat, plump, chubby,
    ..,

    in and out. sV 2. in and out . Fl ~ J J n out .


    khad?o::~g'

    heavy, solid. 2. to be in good health, look healthy.


    ., J.,

    to weed out, eliminate by sorting

    1::
    ?O.an'm~gkh~g'

    J'J'W:Wnvn

    to be very fat.

    Qn ( ) JJn chlig( ... )?o::~g' 1. to tear (some-

    J 'J 'U ?uab' V to be stout, plump, well- rounded, well

    thing) open, tear (something) out. 2. to get torn open, torn out.

    filled out.
    J 'J tJ
    @

    J'JtJ"dtJ1vrws ?uajchaj'Mjph::~~m' V elab. to wish

    ..,

    ?uaj' V to give, bestow.

    .,

    -+Chiefly in cpds.

    'II

    J J n

    duu?o::~g'

    to ascertain, be able to tell just

    by looking.
    li1:: 1'W J J n
    'll

    (someone) happiness and good fortune.


    J 'J tl'W S
    ?uajph::~::~n'

    tawan'?o::~g' N com. east.

    -s y n.

    V to bless, bestow a blessing;

    'US'V'I1 lit., eleg.

    -+The literary and the com-

    to wish (someone) well.


    o

    Fl1--

    a blessing.

    mon terms for the eight chief points of the compass are listed under
    LlfiiJJ'WLllillln

    ~ :1-J J 'J tJ '1'1 s dyym.f?uajph::~::~n'


    a drink), to drink a toast.
    ?~~?uaj'

    V to toast (with

    llA.
    elab. colloq.

    '"'

    tf:E?!:I::~n't?o::~g'

    b J J J 'HJ

    V co 11 o q. to agree, allow,

    from birth.
    't11'llJn ('t11'l)
    thaa:g.f?o::~g'(thaa:g')

    concede, go along with.


    J 'J tJ l!:i ( 1'U ) ?uaj' {baj') N a type of metal cooking

    N wayout,

    exit, outlet.
    un J J n nyg?;)::~gl to recall, remember.
    0

    pot (usually enameled), having a bail handle.


    J'Jfl in lilfl'UJ'Ul'J61

    talob'?ob?uan' V to be diffused,

    un l~JJn

    nyg'm~j?o::~g'

    can't recall, can't

    wafted, pervading.
    J 'J 61 1'W ?awasaan' N 1 it. 1. end. V 2. to end .
    ._, I I

    think of it.

    Ll~'llln LiJ'W be:n'?o::~gpen::::;


    N

    to be divided up into. to peel (skin, etc.)

    J 'J tJ 'J::

    ( 61 'J'W, J tJ 1 'l ) ?awajjawa?' (suan', jaau')

    t.J J n ( ) J J n
    off.

    po::~g( ... )?o::~g'

    body part, organ {of the body).


    J 61 s'fl~

    ( lll'J )
    .,

    ?as3::~raphfd' (tua') N poisonous

    LL'V'I'llln phee:g.f?;)g to be very expensive. rr ~ ( ) J J n fau( ... )?~::~g' to make {it) out, be

    snake .
    161~ as in

    'W.1J61~ naamnasucl?' N semen,

    ...

    able to understand (something spoken).


    0

    spermatic fluid.

    -+Syn. 'W1n 1:1-J.


    N cholera. 1 S Fl--

    rr'lJl1~1JJn fau'phaasi1a'-?o::~g' to be able to


    understand a language {when spoken).

    J~'J 1, J~'J 1 Iii"' ?ahiwaa'


    JJ JJ
    ?::~::~'
    @

    idem.

    J~'J 1 Iii n 1 s Fl ?ahiwaa'takar6og' N cholera.

    l~JJn

    as in

    fi~l~JJn khfd'm~j?;)::~g'
    )?o::~g'

    can't

    V to congest, crowd, gather in crowds.


    lil'Wll ( fii'W)
    t6n?~b'

    solve it, can't figure it out.


    fl'U ( ) JJn l6b{ ...

    in

    (t6n') N giant reed.

    1. to subtract. 2. to

    J J l!:i ?!b' E Oh! Oh, yes! (as when one suddenly

    erase, wipe out.


    ~

    understands or remembers).

    1 J J n laa? :,::~g' to resign.

    eJ rJn L~ eJ lil eJ eJ n l~ad?o~g" V to bleed.

    610
    O"U

    eJeJA

    J J n 1 tl J J n ~ fl

    ?o~g! paVl Get out of here!


    ?o~gphi'>n/

    1~ eJ e:Jn Htj?o~gt
    I

    to dismiss, discharge, fire.

    to produce fruit, bear fruit. V to be out of Lent

    ~~

    ( ) eJ eJ n sou( ... )?o~g/ 1. to send (some-

    JJn'VUS~1

    ?o~phanslia-'

    thing) out. 2. to export (something).


    LL~ A-!1 eJ eJ n

    (the Buddhist Lent). -op p. L 'l./1'\"l SS~1.


    JJn:J.J1 (1) ?o~g-'maa-', ?o~g-'maa:::::; (2) ?o~gmaa-',
    ?o~maa:::::

    "'

    in n 1 s LL~ A~ eJ eJ n

    kaansadeeu-'?o~g"

    N expression (act of expressing).

    V 1. to come out. sV 2. out, forth.


    j~/?o~gmaa-'

    ~n ( ) eJeJn hag( ... )?o~g" 1. to break (something) off, break (something) apart. 2. to subtract, deduct.
    eJ eJ n n gJ 'VUJ 1 tJ ? :J~g-'kodmaaV V to promulgate a

    o tJ'W J Jn:J.J1 protrude.


    J J n s ~

    "'

    to stick out, project,

    ?o~gr6d-'

    1. to be tasty. 2. to be enjoy-

    able, zestful (as of a conversation).


    J J n S 1'\J
    ?:J~graan-'

    law; to pass a bill.

    V to set up a temporary stall

    eJeJnn"16i'~ ?o~g-'kamlau-' V 1. to exercise, take


    exercise. 2. to exert strength, put forth physical effort.

    or shop (esp. in a fair).


    J J n L! J'W ?:J~gryan-' V (a woman) to have left

    (her parents') home (i.e. to have married and set up a home of her own).
    JJnfln
    'IJ

    eJJnn"1i~n1tJ ?o~g-'kamlaTikaaV V to exercise


    (one's body).
    l l n 1 ~

    ?o~glOug-'

    V com. to bear a child, give eleg.

    ?o~gkhaV v com. to lay eggs. -s y n. mn'l'leJ~ lit.,eleg., 'l1-i1~,mn1~ eleg.


    c;

    birth. -syn.

    flflJA~n

    JJn L~tJ-i ?o~gslaTI-' V 1. to voice, give voice to.

    JJnfl'l1:1HVI'W

    ?o~g-'khwaamhen-'

    V to express

    2. to pronounce, utter. 3. to pronounce, articulate. 4. to vote. sV 5. aloud.

    an opinion.
    )

    Jn fl1~ ~ ?:J~g-'khamsau-' V to issue an

    .!-

    order,

    \J'm s J eJn L ~tJ -i ( 1'U) bad/?:J~gslau-' (baj/)


    ballot.

    give a command.
    JJn9:: ?o;,gca:::::

    AA be rather, be likely to, tend

    J J n

    mr~ ~ eJ'W:w; ? o~g-'naus)Typhim/


    ?:J~gn~a/?:J~gtaa-'

    to publish

    to be. o JJn9:;1ll1tJ
    ?:J~gcataaV

    a newspaper. colloq. extremely,


    JJnVI!.J1JJnl111

    elab. colloq.

    very much, a lot.


    eJ J n AeJ n
    ?o;,gdo~g-'

    openly. -Also JtJ 1-i--. V 1. to blossom, flourish, to break out with a

    JJn~A ?o~ghad-' V to break out with measles.


    I

    blossom out. 2. s 1 a ng

    JJn'V!1~(91n)

    ?o~gMau-'(caag:::::)

    V totumaway

    rash (from venereal disease).


    eJ eJ n L~'W ?o~gd88n-' V to start out, set out (to

    (from), stay away (from), break (relations) (with).


    l l n l 1 n 1 f'l
    ?:J~g-'?aakaad-'

    to broadcast; to be

    walk somewhere).
    eJJn L~'W'Yl1-i ?o~g-'d88nthaau" V to start out, set

    on the air.
    81'\J J J n L~ rm1;

    ?aan?o~g-'khland~aV v
    )?o~g-'

    to be

    out on a journey.
    ~

    able to read and write, be literate. to put up excuses. openly, visibly, noLJ 1 ( . . . ) eJ J n ?aw( ...
    1:;

    J J n Ill d ? o;,gtua-'

    1. to take (some-

    " eJJn'!WnVI'W 1
    ticeably.
    eJ J n LL'U'U

    ?:J~g-'n~~gn~a-'

    thing) out, get (something) out. 2. out. o fl'WLl1( )JJn khan-'-?aw( ...
    )?o~g"

    to

    ?o~gbeb-'

    V to design.
    ""

    squeeze (e.g. the juice) out.


    J J n eU L9 'W ?:Sgsicen-'* N oxygen. [f. Eng.]

    eJ eJ mJ 1 n ?o~gpaag-' V co 11 o q. to utter, speak

    up; to mention, say, speak of. o JJntl1n'iJJ something).


    JJn 1ti (1) ?o~g-'paj/, ?o~g-'paj:::::; (2) ?:J~gpaj/,
    ?o~gpaj:::::

    ~J~
    J J A

    in

    J'W~J-i

    chan?:Su-'* slang

    top, of the best

    ?o~gpaag-'kh:'b-'

    V to ask (for

    quality, outstanding.
    ?o~d"

    V to implore, beseech continously.


    ?:J~d?hd-'

    J J lil LL J A

    V 1. to be sickly, delicate in

    V 1. to leave, go out. sV 2. out,

    health. sV 2. repeatedly, unceasingly (of complaining). 3. i mit. a squeaking sound (as of a

    away (from, to), aside.

    611
    I

    door). 4. a complaining, whining sound.


    ~ j;1 Elel j;1 ?ld?:J;,d-' V to demonstrate unwillingness

    l l'W bll ~ tJ 'J

    ?:J;,n prtaw-' V to be not sour enough.

    l eJ'W b'W~tJ ?:Jonphlia-' V to be weak, weakened. 88'WLtJ'W ?o;,njoon-' V to be gentle, tender.

    or half-heartedness.
    eJ l'W ?:J;,n-' V 1. to be soft, tender.

    2. to be young.
    I

    JeJ'Wbb~.:j
    I

    ?oonrccu-' V to weaken, get tired. ?:J;,n-'lou V to become weak, to become

    3. to be pale, light (of colors). 4. to be poor, weak (in a subject of study).


    .I 'W:W,~:W.
    <:

    8 8'WI;11

    --Comp. 'W'J:W,

    milder, less intense, softer.


    8l'Wiil:::::W'W ?:Jon-'lamun-' V to be gentle, soft,
    q

    --Ant.

    LL'tH,n~::::j;l1-:j,

    ln'8eJ'W

    (Fl'W) kaj?o::m-' (khon-')

    N idiom. a
    I

    smooth, graceful.
    l8'W'VI1 1'W ?:J;,nw~an-'

    naive, inexperienced person, a greenhorn.


    I

    V 1. to be not sweet enough.

    'tJ'W l l'W khlln?o;,n-' N 1. down (soft under feathers).

    2. to be gentle, sweet (in manner), suave.


    88'WEJn88'Wl'1 ?:Jon?og-'?o;,ncaV V elab. colloq.

    2. fuzz (body hair).


    ~ I

    'tJ'Jbl)fleJ'W khw~n?:J;,n-' V 1. tobetimorous, easily

    to become weary and discouraged; to get tired (of), lose patience (with).
    I

    frightened. N 2. an easily frightened person; used esp. of children, women; usually Fl'W--

    eJ 8'W 66 l ?:J;,n? cc-' V to be weak, frail, feeble. Fl 'J 1:W-- weakness. l l'W ?~on-' V to cry, whine, whimper.
    ~...,

    ~ j;]8 el'W ( el'W, ~A) cud?:J::m-' (?an-', cud-') N weak


    q '

    point.

    1~8v'W
    <:

    caj?:J;,n-' V to be yielding, soft-hearted,

    '/J8l'W khti?~;,n-' V to be given to crying. 8 8'W 'J l'W


    ?~;,nwo;,n-'

    easily influenced, easily touched.


    6 j;1 n eJ 8'W ( Fl'W) deg?o;,n-' (khon-')
    r11~n

    V to plead, implore, beseech.

    N infant, babe.

    ll'W'I.i ?on-', ?o;,n-' C ounce. [f. Eur.] ll'W66l'W ?~n?tn-'* V 1. to be slender, willowy. sV

    -syn.
    lil'Wel fl'W

    eleg. N seedling, young

    ( lil'W) t6n?:J;,n-' (t6n-')

    2. with slender gracefulness.


    eJ EJ'W~F'l ( eJ el'W~F'l) ?:)fffs-', ?:)fffd-'"'(?:)ffis-', ?:)ffid-')

    plant.
    ~
    I

    lil 'J 8 8'W

    ( lil 'J ) tua ?:J;,n-' (tua-')

    N larva.

    N office. [f. Eng.]


    8 8:W ?;,;,m-' V to save, reserve, put away. l EJ:W ~'W ?o;,msln-' V to save money.

    :W::::'W;1'J8l'W

    (l'U,I;'ln,~:JI;'l)
    'U

    maphraaw?o;,n-' (baj/,

    lOug-', phOn-')
    I

    N young coconut. N 1. baby, infant,

    l;'lnll'W
    'U

    (Fl'W,M'J) lOug?o;,n-'

    o Afi'HeJ:J.J8'W ( LL~~) khlau-'?oomsln-' (heu-') N (Thai) government savings bank.


    8 8:J.J ?~;,m-'

    very young child (khon-'). 2. very young animal (tua-').

    V 1. to go by a roundabout way, to detour.

    ~88'W (~)

    sii?o;,n-' (sii/)

    N pale, light color;

    2. to wrap around.
    '111 ~ 88 :J.J ( '111 ~ ) thaau?~;,m-' (thaau-')

    pastel color.
    'VI'W 1 8 l'W n~a ?o;,n-' V to be young-looking.

    N 1. an

    indirect, circuitous way; detour. 2. indirectly, by indirect means. -Opp.


    i:J 1 l EJ:W
    '111~fil~~,

    vh l l'W
    I

    hua?oon-'
    'V I

    v
    I

    to be tractable, easy to teach.


    ...,

    ~'Wl El'W ( n eJ'W, LL~:J'W 'IJi'Jj;]) hln?oon-' (k~bn-', phen-',

    ( ~'W)
    '-'

    pMa?~om-' (ph)lyn-') N diaper.


    N

    chanfd-')
    8 l'W n"1i1
    I-

    N marble (the stone).


    -1;1

    EJEJ:J.JnEJA

    (EJEJ:J.Jn8j;]) ?~omko;,d-' (?~omk:Jod-')

    ~ ?oon-'kamlau"~

    ?oon-'kamlau" -lou

    embrace.
    8 EJ:J.JFl EJ:J.J ?~;,mkh5om-' V to be indirect, roundabout.

    V to be weakened, get softened up, become less intense.


    I

    o 'Wj;188:J.JF1l:J.J
    'U

    phfiud/?~omkh5om-'

    V to beat around

    <:

    l l'W 6Fl :W ?:Jonkhem-' V to be not salty enough.

    the bush, to speak evasively.


    8 8:Wbll:J.J ?~m?tm-'* V 1. to mumble. sV 2. mumblingly,

    8l'W 1 '1 ( Tl'U, lw)

    ?:Joncaj/ (ka::::, naj::::)

    V to feel

    weary (of}, discouraged (about). ,_, 88'W'W8:W(lill) ?oonn5om-'(too::::) V 1. to submit (e.g. to someone 1 S authority). 2. to be respectful (toward), mindful (of) (e.g. one's elders).
    I I

    indistinctly.
    l l tJ
    0J,

    l l tJ 1 ?oj/, ?oj?oj/*

    1. (speech) to be soft

    and slow. sV 2. slowly and easily (of speech; of gait).


    l8tJ 1-'J in
    d

    8 8'W~:W ?oonnfim-' V to be soft and spongy, tender.

    l:HW b'VItJEJ ?ojjya-'* to bait, lure with bait.

    612
    a eW
    "

    ?~V*

    N sugar cane. lil'\.J-"

    " ( lil'\.J)

    the sugar

    what there is; there is something. 2. what (do you, does he) have?; what you have, what he has;

    cane plant. a8tJFI'd'\.J ('eJ8)


    +

    ?~jkhw~n'

    (kM;:,') N sugarcane

    to have something. -See examples.


    <>

    peeled and cut into short pieces (ready to eat). 88tJ


    +

    o :W8::: 1s-8tJ1'\.J'U'\.J mii?arajljuunajnan' 1. what is 'II (there) inside it? 2. there is something inside it. 3. to have something inside it.
    o

    1:!

    ?:SV* rM intens. usedwith b'Vl~8.:j "yellow."

    8 8 tJ 11 ?:Sj"* E excl. expressing pain, discomfort.


    0

    Fl
    d

    .:j a a tJ khraan I?

    :sv

    to moan "? :Sj ."

    1~iJ 8::::1 s- m~jmiil?arajl


    2. to have nothing. b'Yi81il'd1:W8:::: S" bnlil'eJ'\.J
    'll

    1. there is nothing.

    aatJ8.:j

    "

    ?~j?lu'*

    V 1. to linger, delay, prolong the


    o

    time (e.g. before acting, making a decision). 2. to be lingering, hanging in the air (as the threat of war). a 8 G1 bli1 s- b~ tJ ?~d'satreelial, ?:J;:,sltreelia'* N Australia. [f. Eng.] 88Gibl'IStJ ?:S;:,strial* Austria. [f.Eng.]

    ""

    ph~aduu 1 w~a'-mii?arajl

    k~<}dkh~'

    in order to see what (there) was going

    on. o LS1il8::::lsn'\.J;1.:j rawmii?arajlkinMan' what do we have to eat? what have we got to eat? o b'eJ1il8::::1sn'\.J kMwmii'?arajlkan whatisgoing on? what are they up to? o

    .,

    8 8 bl8

    ?~:J?~e:'

    V 1. (a baby) to coo. 2. (speech) to

    be unclear, indistinct (e.g. because of drunk-

    b'eJ1FJ.:jil8::::1sn'Ub'iJmL~ khawkhoumiil-?arajkan'~
    penn~e'

    enness). sV 3. indistinctly (of speech). a::; 1

    they must have something between them

    ?a raj/ iP 1. what? 2. what, anything, some,

    (e.g. a secret, a love affair, a disagreement). 8::; 1

    thing. ---Cf. 1 S"

    1-:j .

    Sill; ?arajlk~~ajl l
    1

    Anything will do. Anything

    o rha:::: 1s-i:j::; thaml?arajlcal What are you doing? o rha:::: 1

    "'

    whatever. 8:::: 1sn'\.J ?arajkan'l What's up? Something's up. o bS8.:j8:::: sn'\.J ryaul?arajkan'l What'sthematter? What's up? What for? o 8::::1 S"n'\.J'\.J'\.J:::: ?arajkanntiln~? ~ What is this? What's up? 8::::1 s ~ 8 ( :tJ) 8::::1 s- ?arajlto;:,?arajl,
    ... d.

    s-1~1; thaml?arajlm~jd~ajl

    cannot do

    anything. o 'Vl:W 8'U 8 n ~ 11~;1 tJ u n 8:::1 s-

    mo:> 1 b:,:>gw~a 1-

    m~jraajn:eul?araV! The doctor says it isn't

    anything serious. o b'eJ1'U8nFJ11:W~'U8:::1s'U1.:j'VlS8L~~1A:::: khaw~ b:,:>g'- khwaamlabl?arajMu' ryyplaaw'kMl Did she tell you any secrets?
    6 s:::: a:::: 1
    q
    QJ

    ?arajlto;:,m~

    ?arajl various other things, (and) so on, (and) what not; all kinds of things, lots of things. 8::::1 S" '1 ?arajl?arajl anything whatever; everything; something. o 'eJ 8 .:j 8::::1 s '1 kh5;:,n'- ?arajl?arajl various things, anything whatsover. 8::::1 s- J' n ?arajl?ligl What else? Anything else? 8::::1 S" b eltJ

    s- ( ~::::) thura?l?araj(ca~) what for; what

    business is it (e.g. of his, to do such and such)? bU'\.J 8::::1 s . See entries below.
    0

    bU'\.J8::::1~1~ (1) pen?arajlpajl, pennarajpajl;

    (2) penl?arajpajl 1. to have something happen to one, have something the matter with one; what is the matter (with you, him, etc.)? 2. It doesn't matter! oo b'eJ 1 Fl .:j bU'\.J 8::::1 ~ 1 ~ khawkhoupen'?arajpajl! Something must have happened to him. o

    ?araj?~<}jl-+ What is it? (used in intro-

    ducing a riddle). "' 8:::: 1s- ?a!rajl, !?arajl What! (expressing reproach and dissatisfaction).
    8::::~:W8~1tJ, 8::::~:w-

    ?aluml?aluajl, ?aHlm'- V to

    1~ bU'\.J 8::; 1 S" m~jpen?araj I


    is the matter.

    to have nothing
    'II

    compromise.

    wrong with one; there's nothing wrong, nothing

    8::::~:tJ!J:w ?aluu'minam' N aluminum. [f.Am. Eng.]


    ns::::lil1~8:::~:tJ!J:w (:W'd'\.J,Ue.J'\.J) krad~adl?aluulmi~
    'II

    :il1;8:::: 1 s (1)

    mf~j?arajl;

    (2)

    mfd~ajl?arajl

    1.
    'II

    nam' (muan', phn')

    N aluminum foil.

    is useless. 2. (one) will not gain anything. il8:::: 1s mii?arajl, miil?arajl 1. what is there?;

    8::::~ihiJtJ:w?aluulminiam' N aluminum. [f.Brit.

    Eng. aluminium] -Also 8 1~iJL UtJ:W.


    'II

    613
    eJ ::; 'Vl ~ tJ , eJ :d 'VH'I in b Fl S eJ ~ eJ ::; 'Vl ~ tJ
    .!I

    .!-

    d "'v ( b Fl S eJ ~ , -lJ'W , eJ 'W )

    HIGH consonants are: 'lJ 9J

    bl

    [;J

    A ~ 61 'Vl.

    khr1a:u/?aUtjl (khr1a:u'. chin', ?an') N spare parts, replacement part.

    5n b 61'U ?agseeb' V 1. (a wound) to be infected,

    inflamed. N 2. inflammation.
    eJFlA in BFlAJltJ

    5n~s

    ( !il'J) ?~tgs3::m' (tua') N character, letter

    ?agkhiilphajl N eleg. disaster

    (of the alphabet).

    caused by fire.

    !il'J5n~s (!il'J) tua?ags3::m' (tua') N eleg.


    v

    5Fl S -

    Bound form meaning "preeminent," as in the

    character, letter (of the alphabet).

    -syn. Ill 'J

    following entries.

    Vl'W~ ~el com.


    'YIS ~'WS::; eJn~s so:u'phni?ags3::m' V roy. to write.

    SA s:w bVI~

    eJ ~Fl.-)

    ?agkhamahee'slil (?o:u') N

    supreme queen, queen of the highest rank.


    BFl s ;~ '1'1111 in LeJn e1m- ;~ 'Yllll
    'U 'U

    ( Fl'W)

    ?eeg'-?agkha:::;

    writing, script.
    e1n~sn~1~

    nid'thathOud' (khon') N ambassador (from a country which is not a monarchy). -Cf. b eJ n


    eJA s n"i.I'Yllll.
    'U

    ?ags3:mklaa:u' N a MIDDLE conso~

    nant. The MIDDLB consonants are: n


    l1l
    eJn~S
    v

    i)

    :lJ

    Ill 'U
    'U

    Ll eJ
    "paired consonants,"

    BFl S S 1 "i.I'Yllll
    'U

    ?agkharttadchathOud' N minister, esp.


    ( LL~~)

    Fl ?ags3:mkh0u' N

    one who is the head of a legation.


    o 61 bi1'WelFl s s 1-d'Yllll
    'U

    i.e. 1. any paired group of consonant symbols consisting of one or more HIGH consonants paired with one or more corresponding LOW consonants. There are seven such groups: 'tJ paired with Fl
    '11 ~ '11 li ,
    ~
    ~,

    sath!lan'?agkhar~ad:::;
    ?eegnagkha:::;

    chathOud' (hf::u') N legation. -Also 61 biTW'Yllil. 'U

    o beJneJAsn"i.I'Yllll 'U
    r~adchathOud'

    (A'W,'W1tJ,~1'W)

    (khon', naajl, thAn') N ambassador


    'U

    !il

    with <d 01 ,
    [;J

    bl with

    (from a monarchy). -Cf. b eJ n eJFl s i'~ 'Yllil

    with 'W Jl ,

    with 'W ,

    ~ 61

    el'lnbl~ ?a:ukrld' N 1. England. 2. English, Englishman, English person. [f. Eur.]


    v v

    with "l1,

    and 'Vl with

    eJ. 2. the whole set of

    HIGH consonants paired with the whole set of corresponding LOW consonants. 3. any one of
    v

    ~nSJl'WeJ'lnb]~

    cagkaph6bl?a:ukrld' N theBritish

    Empire.
    LIS::: L'YIAeJ'lnbl~ (LIS::: b'YIA)

    the above consonants. -Opp.


    eJn~s
    v

    eJn~s

    b l'ltJ 'J.

    pratMed'?a:ukrld'

    bl'ltJ 'J

    ?ags5::>~dlaw'

    N "unpaired conso-

    (pratMed') N England.
    v

    nants," i.e. 1. any consonant symbol which has no counterpart in another tonal class; namely, any MIDDLE consonant ( n ~ i) :lJ li1 Ill 'U Ll
    eJ ) or any LOW consonant which represents a

    Jl1~1

    eJ 'l nb]~ ( Jl1~1) phaasll.al?a:ukrld' (phaasaa')

    N English, the English language. .5'l Fl1li in ~'W'Yl S el'l Fl1li can?a:uk:hAad' N lunar eclipse.
    v

    eJ ~ Fl1 S

    See entries below.

    sonorant (

    blJ

    'W :W tJ

    S ~

    'J ) .

    The sono-

    li11 'J'W s::; eJ ~ Fl1 S ( li1 'J ~) daaw'phra?a:ukhaan' (duan')


    N (the planet) l\1ars. -The names of the major

    rants are converted from LOW to HIGH by means of a preposed 'Vl, and rarely to MIDDLE
    2. the whole set of

    planets are listed under li11'J.

    -+Also L~n'WS:::

    by means of a preposed eJ
    v

    el~fi1S, hnli11'J'WS::;eJ~fi1S.
    1'WeJ'lf11S (i'W) wan?a:ukhaan' (wan')
    v

    consonant symbols as described above. -Opp.


    eJn~sA.

    N Tuesday.

    eJn~s ~0 1
    '11

    'U

    -Also

    eJ 'l Fl1 S
    v

    -The days of the week are

    ?ags3::>ntam' N a LOW consonant. The


    Fl ~ <d "l1 ~ blJ 'Yl lill ~
    ~
    X:; d

    listed under 'J'W.


    el.!lF11S 11 ?a:ukhaan' N ashes. eJ ~ tJ
    ?~:ujti'

    LOW consonants are:


    li 'W 'W 'W Jl
    .-

    :w tJ s

    'J ~ eJ.

    N Chinese secret society (an under-

    eJn~SA161111S ?ags3::>nsaad' N liberal arts.


    0

    world organization). [f. Chin.]


    eJ ~ Lii'l
    l; 'l
    I

    e1n~s A161 Ill s'IJ~.yj Ill ?ags3::>nsaad'bandld" N 1.


    holder of a Bachelor of Arts degree. 2. the Bachelor of Arts degree.

    ( el'W) ?A:uWo' (?an')

    N co 11 o q. a portable

    earthenware brazier for cooking. [f. Chin.] -syn.


    b1111.

    an~s61 'l ?ags3::>nsuu:u' N a HIGH consonant. The


    'U

    el~!il~tJ- as in

    eJ~!il~tJJl1'W ?ad'charijapMab' N

    614
    unusual or marvellous quality, extraordinary ability.

    "' a 171 J 171 ?yd?ad' V to feel constricted, hemmed in,


    ~.

    stifled, oppressed, harassed, uncomfortable, ill at ease (e.g. because of tight clothes, overeating, insufficient space, a stuffy room, an awkward situation, trying circumstances, etc.).
    bbelel171 ?ee?iid' V to be congested, crowded (with

    5von Fli:J

    ?adchaa'sajl N character; disposition; -Cf.

    wish; taste.

    5S IJ 1 Fli:J .

    5~ b v~ ?ancha;:ml

    e leg. to invite respectfully

    or reverently, invoke the presence of (e.g. the sacred virtues, a divine being, a Buddha image when moving it from one place to another).

    people).
    el!ilrl[il ?adtakhad' V to be poor, needy, in want. el!ilrl[i]'/J[il(;11.J
    ~

    -ct.

    bv~.

    ?iidtakhad'khiids~n' V to be hard up

    5~ ?ad' N 1. colloq. money. C 2. an obsolete


    unit of Thai currency.

    (for), short (of), hard-pressed for.


    el!il!iiJlTW ?iidtapMab' N lit. the self.

    53

    ?adthl? I
    a'

    N e leg. 1. bones. 2. bone fragments


    a'
    I

    el!ill'W~~, el!il!ill'W~~ ?adtanoo'mad' (as n. mod.) automatic.


    el!il S 1
    I

    (after cremation).

    L171tJ--

    of its own accord, automatically. N rate.

    5m~~'Wm ( elml~'Wm, bb'VH) ?adthacan' (?adthacan',


    htu') N semicircular grandstand, amphitheater.
    ~

    ( el!il S 1) ?iidtraa' (?adtraa')


    9

    el!i1S1FI1'U'1n ?iidtraa'kh~abamruu' N 1. subscrip-

    tion rate. 2. membership fees.


    w

    eJblJ,'fl::; in fineJblJ,'fl::;
    'U
    I

    (fin)
    'U

    lt1ug?antM?I (lfiug')
    'IJ

    elliiS1Jl1~
    ~

    "'

    ?adtraa'phaasiil N tax rate.

    eleg. testicles. -syn. finns::;hJn vulg., l'IJ colloq.,euphem.

    com.,

    aIii S 1 b S ~ ?iidtraa'rE!u' N acceleration.


    eJ!iiS1bS'J ?adtraa'rew' N velocity. eJIii S 1 bbfi n b ~'W ?iidtraa'lteguan' N rate of (mone~

    ""

    8171 ?ad' V to press, condense, compress. FI'J1:W--

    compression.
    n ~ ::;1711~el171!;r1 b'W1

    b Fl S J

    ~--

    press; compressor.
    ~

    tary) exchange.
    a Iii S1 blfi n L'\Jfi tJ'W ?adtraa'ltegpllan' N rate of
    d

    ( bb~'W) kradaad'-?ad'samnaw'

    (phf:n')

    N carbon paper, (mimeograph) stencil


    ~

    exchange.
    I .

    paper, any duplicating paper.


    d ~ ' bFISeJ~J171(;11b'W1 d (bASel~)

    eJ!iiS1(;1'J'W ?adtraa'suan' N ratio.

    khrya:g?ad 1 samnaw'

    5's tJ 1 rftJ
    v

    ?adthajaasajl N disposition; character.

    (khrJau') N duplicator, mimeograph.


    J1eJIJI6'Jd.j ('IJ'J171,bb;'J) naaml?adlom' (khuad',

    -cf. eJ'Jon F1tJ

    el'W ?an' C 1. a elf. used in the following ways:

    ktew')

    N carbonated drink. N plywood, lami-

    (a) for small, long objects, such as toothpicks

    l~elfl

    ( bb~'W) maj?ad' (phf:n')

    (1~~J.J.W'W)

    , erasers

    ( tJ 1H1'U) , hooks ( 'IJ J) ,

    nated wood.
    elf\ ~l >l ?adcaj' V 1. to be depressed (in spirit).

    even though the last two, and others, also have alternate clfs. (b) loosely as a substitute for
    "-'

    2. to hold one's breath.


    w
    9

    almost any other elf. (see e.g.

    1:wn 'J 1171, n S el'U,

    J171'UVIS ?ad'burli' V to inhale (when smoking),

    VH ) .
    NOTE.

    "-'

    rP 2. writ. which, that.


    ~

    draw deeply on one's cigarette (cigar, etc.).


    v
    ~

    el'W is also used as an invariable elf.

    J 171 bl'U Iii b Iii as ?ad'btdtaarii 1


    I

    to charge a battery.

    in a number of common fixed phrases, e.g.


    LV'W el'W 'IJ 1171 , LV'W el'W lil n 61

    cJ

    J171llf.I'Wb(;11J1

    ?ad 1

    phnslau' V to make a recording

    ~ , L~'W el'W:wl n , and others

    (on a phonograph record).


    elf\ ~tJ ?adrfiub' V to print (a photograph).
    'II

    below. o

    1'W L'J fi 1 el'W S 'J 171 L~ 'J


    a very short time.

    najweelaal?anrt1adrew' in

    el171L S b'i:ltJ 'J ?ad'rooniaw' V to duplicate by means

    of a Roneo machine (a process similar to mimeographing).


    el171lm1'Wb"l

    Jl1 s::; eJ'W'InJn phaara?l?anniig' a heavy burden,

    a burden which is heavy. V elab. colloq. to

    ?ad?~n'tancaj'

    LVIJ:5'Wl~'WeJ'W

    penchfn'pen?an' V elab. colloq.

    feel stifled, utterly helpless, depressed and heavy at heart.

    to be a good, solid piece; to be well organized, well constructed. JIJ 11-well, solidly.

    615 boU'WeJ\J'(J 11il pen?ankha.adl definitely, decidedly, positively, absolutely. -Used in negative conendangered. 'l'lo1el'Wiil S 1 tJ thaml?antaraajl V to hurt, harm, injure; to do harm. 'W 1el'W lil n tJ nttal?antaraajl harmful. b'iJ'W el'Wiil n tJ pen?antaraajl 1. to be harmful, dangerous. 2. to be harmed, endangered. el'U
    C9J (

    structions only; see under '() 11il . boU'Wel'W~ pen?andii' 1. well, very well. 2. willingly, gladly. boU'WeJ'W!?Jn lil ~ pen?anltoglo-g' it's agreed! btl'W el'W:l.J1 n pen?anm~agl very much; in great quantity, in great numbers. btl'WeJ'W ~ 1 pen?anwtl.al this means that (such and such a result ensues, such and such a course of action is settled on).
    _';' (1.1

    to be dangerous,

    'l 'U , el'W)

    ?ab' (bajl, ?an')

    N 1. a small flat

    container with a cover, e.g. for face powder, medicated wax, dentifrice in cake or powdered form, etc. C 2. elf. for specific kinds of such containers. 3. elf. for things in such containers; hence, container of (powder, etc.). o el'U61J~L'U ?ab's:So-gbajl two containers. o

    b1J'W J'W'Yl'W ~ eJ'W blil tJ 'd n 'W pen?annY"U'- ?andiaw'kan to be one and the same, to be united, unified; to concur.

    cv

    <=>I

    Q...l

    iJ el'W"l :dl'W

    mii?ancakin' to be well-off, well-to-do.

    eJ'Ubb~ ~

    ( a'U , 'l 'U)

    ?abpte-u' (?ab', bajl)

    1~ btl'W el'W1l'Wel'W'WJ'W m~jpen?ankinl?anno::m'


    colloq. to be restless, unable to eat or sleep.

    powder box (cosmetic); compact. o U'l.H 61 eJ ~ el'U pte-g's:So-g?ab' two containers of powder.
    v

    ~ ~ lil::; el'W'W ~ HlW ::;~JtJ

    sl-g'la?an'-phan'lan5ojl
    <~~

    co 11 o q. a few things of each kind; a little of every kind, a little of everything. el'WLiil ?andajl what, whatever. J'W'l'l'l S ~ ?anthtici:u' in fact, as a matter of fact.
    ~

    J'U ifJ ?ab' V to be stuffy, unventilated. 'l'IJ'U ( bb'Yl~) thti?ab' (h-g') N a stuffy place, an

    unventilated place. b'YJ:lJ'WeJ'U men?ab' V to smell stuffy, have a stuffy odor (as a closed room).
    ~

    .J

    ""

    J(

    J'W'W ?anniil this, this one. J'W ?ttn' V 1. to hold (e.g. one's breath), suppress (one's emotion), keep (something) to oneself. 2. to be dumbfounded.
    ..!
    ~
    ~

    J'U m See entries below.


    lil n el'U tog?abl V (a person) to fall, sink into pov-

    --Syn. 2.

    J-'

    J~

    C9J

    erty, reach the depth of one's downfall; to be fallen. el'U bb61 ~ ?absee-g' V 1. to become less bright; to lack brightness. 2. tech. to be opaque. 3. idiom. to be in one's downfall, in one's decline; to lose one's glory. el'U J 1 tJ ?ab?aajl V to be ashamed. o

    'W ~ J'W nt:u?ttn' V to remain silent (as when suppressing one's anger).
    ~

    1:w J'W

    mtl.j?tl.n' colloq. 1. not to hold back, not


    I

    to stint. 2. without holding back, without stint, without hesitation.


    'l Jiill'Wiil'W b~
    v

    _.Also 2. J tJ 1 ~ .

    ?ad?tl.n'tancajl V elab. colloq. to

    feel stifled, utterly helpless, depressed and heavy at heart. el'Wiil'U ?andab' N 1. series, order. 2. rank, grade, level. -+Syn. 1. 61"1rl'U. 2. J'W.

    ~ 1 el'U J 1 tJ

    ntl.al?ab?aajl V to be shameful.

    elth.l 1 ~ ?abpaa-gl V (boat, ship) to be wrecked. el'lJ:WHIIil ?ablpamo-gkhon' N eleg. 1. illomen. 2. inauspiciousness. 3. (as n. mod.) inauspicious; defamatory, injurious (to someone's reputation). el'\.J tJ A ?abpaj6d' V e leg. 1. to be disgraceful. 2. to be disgraced. -+Chiefly in compounds.

    " o el'Wrl'U'l-11 ?andab'htta' the fifth in order; the


    fifth in rank. el'Wlil ~ S 1'W ?anltarathaanl V e leg. to disappear, vanish. el'Wiil S 1 tJ ( J tJ 1 ~) ?antaraajl (jaa-g') N 1. danger,

    eJ'\'Jsn'W ?a.ffrikanl* N (as n. mod.) African. [f. Eng.] el'\'J rn 1 ?a.ffrikaa'* N 1. Africa. 2. African. [f. Eng.] -+Also J1'\'Jsn 1. idem. N public

    harm, injury. V 2. to be dangerous, harmful. --Syn.JltJ. --SeealsoJltJ'WiilntJ,JltJel'WiilntJ.

    elJ.J'W11il ?ammapba.ad' N paralysis. hA-eltJ n 1 s' eltJ tJ n 1 s

    1;S'U el'Wiil s 1 tJ dtl.ajnibl?antaraajl

    to be harmed,

    ( A'W)

    ?ajjakaanl (khon')

    616
    prosecutor.
    ~

    eJ'J ?ua' P slang

    I, me.

    _.Paired with li1 eJ "you."

    J"'

    N milit. airforce. _.Abbrev. 't1J.


    n 1 s s ::::'U 1 tJ a 1 n 1 A kaanrabaajl?aaka.ad' N ven-

    -+Often used among men who are intimates.


    [f. Chin.]

    tilation.
    I

    eJA ~ s HJ ?adlsacan' V e 1 e g. 1. to marvel at. sV


    2. marvellous, wonderful, miraculous.

    1 a 1 n 1 A caal?aakaad' N designation for the

    noncommissioned ranks in the air force.


    I

    """' elt'l b ~ s tJ ?adsacee'rii' N e 1 eg., tech. the exclamation point. Used with exclamatives and exclama tory sentences.

    V1~eJ1n1A

    (f'l'\J) cMau?aakaad' (khon')

    N air-

    plane mechanic.
    : 1'\Jrl'Vi J 1 n 1 A ( lb~ ~) tManth::ibl?aaka.ad' (hen')

    -s y n.

    Lf'l s eJ ~ Vi:W 1 tJ fj] n 1 ~

    elA 1'W

    ?ad'sawin'* N 1. knight. 2. courageous police

    N air base.
    ~'\J'W 1 a 1 n 1 A dinfaal?aakaad' N climate.

    officer.

    "

    el~ ~H f'l fj],

    el'IYiJ ~ f'l fj]

    ?ad' sado:okh6d' V 1. e 1 e g. (the

    L~'\J a 1 n 1 A d<;)<=Jnl?aakaad' V to go by air. -+Chiefly in compounds.


    0

    sun) to set. N 2. the West.


    eJ 1 ( f'l'\J) ?aa' (khon')

    N younger paternal uncle

    'tJ

    r.;r'tl L~'\J eJ 1 n1 A

    b:>:>risad'-d<;)<;)nl?aakaad' N

    or aunt, i.e. the younger brother or sister of one 1 sfather. _.Alsowritten el1'J.
    'W1. eJ 1
    ?~a'

    airlines, airline company.


    fj]

    "'

    _.Opp.

    1 n a 1 n 1 A taagnaaka.ad'

    to take an airing,

    _.Dist.

    '\.J1,1i1~.
    q

    get out in the open (as when vacationing in the country or at the seashore).
    't1Vi1SeJ1n1A (f'l'\J) thah<lanl?aakftad'(khon')

    V to open (e.g. the mouth).


    ?~akheen'
    ,&'

    eJ1bb'iJ'\J
    "'

    V to open one's arms.

    J 1'\.J 1 n '1J'\J ?~apaag'kh1n' to open up the mouth. eJ 1 n s ?aak:>:>n' N tax, revenue.

    airman, member of the air force.


    '111 ~ l 1 n 1 A thaau?aaka.ad' by air.

    _.Abbrev. 't1J.

    -s y n. Jl1<ij

    lB.

    Jl1<ijeJ1ns phaasHI?aak:J:>n' N revenue, i.e. all

    o n"1i~ '111 ~a 1n 1A kamlan'thaau?aakaad' mil it. air power. o JltJ't11~eJ1n1A phajlthaau?aakaad' N danger

    taxes, duties, fees collected by the government.

    an official revenue stamp affixed to documents to indicate legality. [ bb~[j]:W'\.J f. Eng.]


    I

    from air attacks.


    '\J 1 'J 1 eJ 1 n 1 A naawaal?aakaad' N designation for

    eJ 1 n 1 s

    ( eJ tJ 1 ~ )

    ?aakaan' (jaau ')

    N 1. condition

    the commissioned ranks of air force officers in command of squadrons, wings, groups.

    (as of one's health). 2. symptom. 3. air, manner, outward expression. 4. pose, attitude, position (of the body). 5. act, action, behavior.

    'lJ HliJ1tJ.-el1 n 1 A prajsanii'?aakaad' N air mail.

    'VitJ 1 n Hl/,el 1 n1 A phajaak:>:>nl?aakaad'

    1. to give

    ii a1 n 1 s'lJ 'Hl ~'J

    mii? aakaan' puadhi:ia I

    to be in the

    a weather forecast. N 2. weather forecast. _.Also 2.


    n1s--.

    condition of having a headache.


    bb ~ ~H J 1 n 1 s sadeeu I? aakaan' V to show symp-

    'Vi 1i1 eJ 1 n 1 A phonl?aakaad' N designation for the

    toms.
    eJ 1n 1 siHr~ 1 ?aakaan'klrijaa' N manner. eJ 1 n 1 s '11 eJ ~ ~ n ?aakaan'th5:>:ophuug' N constipa'U

    highest commissioned ranks of the air force.


    .W'\J ~~ 1 a 1 n 1 A phancaa'?aakaad:::

    N designation for

    the warrant officer ranks of the air force. L! eJ eJ 1 n 1 A ryal?aakaad' designation for the lowest commissioned ranks of the air force.
    '1 :w'W 1 a 1 n 1 A lomfaal?aakaad' weather.

    tion, constipated condition.


    eJ 1 n 1 S L fitJ't.J ?aakaan'phiab' N serious condition

    (of illness).
    eJ 1 n 1 S 1i1
    ~

    "'

    b1i1 ?aakaan'la:olee'

    N hesitation, hes-

    611tJEJ1n1A

    (611tJ)

    saajl?aakaad' (saajl)

    itating manner.
    eJ1n1smJ'n ?aakaan'nag' N serious, grave,

    antenna, aerial.
    aana1n1A
    ?~;,gl?aakaad'

    to broadcast; to be

    critical condition.
    eJ 1 n 1 A ?aakaad' N weather, air, climate.

    on the air.
    J 1 n 1 A~ ?aakaad'dii' the weather to be good.

    617

    ...,
    e.! 1 n 1 Au bl'U l ~;i'WA'\HJ 6i li1 ~ ?aak~ad 1 -thebs~n'suun:::
    'IJ 'IJ

    eJ 1 'l

    @J

    ?~a:o'

    V 1. to say, assert, claim. 2. to cite,

    suud' N equatorial climate.


    e.J1n1A'YJ::;l~

    refer to.
    'tl eJ fl 1 'l ( 'tl eJ)
    kh~::>?Aa:o' {kh~::>')

    ?aakaad'thalee' N seaair.

    N 1. justification.

    e.! 1 n 1 A1'Ll nri\ltJ..

    ?aa~ad'prajsanii'
    .J
    0

    N air mail.

    2. supporting statement, citation, reference (to


    an authority).

    e.11n 1A:W'1 ?aak~ad'mua' the weather to be murky. eJ 1 n 1 AtJ 1'W ( l A~ eJ ~ '~ 1) ?aakaasajaan' (khrJau 1,

    el1 nsr~n~ 1'W


    eJ 1 'l LVllil e.J ~

    "

    lam')

    N aircraft, airplane. the air to be

    e.J1n1A6iA~'W ?aak~ad'sbdchSyn'
    fresh.

    .,

    eJ 1 'IV 'l eJ 1 'I


    l;J

    ?~a:o'lagtMan' V to cite {the) evidence.


    ?~a:o'heedph6n'

    V to adduce reasons.

    ?Aa:o?i:o' V to cite, refer to (an authority).


    ?~a:owaa:o'

    in eJ 1 '111 'l

    V to feel lonely,

    e.J1Al'Wtl ?aakhaneel lit.,eleg. southeast. fil::;.J'We.Je.Jn

    -syn.
    eJ 1 'I

    lonesome, empty, desolate.


    <9J

    l~tJ~1;

    com. -The literary and

    ?aad' AA 1. might, may. 2. is supposed to.


    ~"~

    the common terms for the eight chief points of the compass are listed under

    o eJ 1 'I LLJ'Wiil '111 ?aad'penda:ow~a' (it) might be

    J,

    llA .

    as (they) say.

    Jl1 AeJ 1l iJtJ eJ 1 A L'Wtl"' phAag'- ?aasial?aakhanee' N

    1~ eJ 1 'I m~j?aad:::
    eJ 1 !j
    !j::;

    AA is not supposed to.

    Southeast Asia.
    e.J1A'Wli1n::;

    ?aadca::; AA might, may.

    (Fl'W,e.J) ?aakhan'tu~?/ {khon',pMu')


    'IJ

    eJ 1 "11~ eJ 1 'I
    l;J

    ?aad'm~j:::

    AA might not, may not.

    N lit.,eleg. guest. -Syn. bl'tln


    eJ 1 FlU ( 'VHl 'I) ?aakhaan' (lau')

    com.

    ?aad' V to dare (to). -Chiefly in compounds. ba:o?aad' V to dare to, to have the audacity,

    N e 1 e g. building,

    IT'! eJ 1 'I

    dwelling, establishment.
    o eJ 1 Fl1 ~ ';;) ?aakhaan'hog' building no. 6. ..., "' ~ eJ 1 fo11 ~'U 1'W l ~ e.J'W ( 'VHH) ?aakhaan 1 Manryan' N

    have the nerve to (commit a daring deed, exceed propriety, etc.) .


    eJ ~ eJ 1 'I ?o:o?aad' V 1. to be brave, valiant. 2. to

    houses and buildings.


    eJ 1 ';l.l 1111
    ?aakh~ad'

    be dignified, stately.
    eJ 1 'I Vl1bll ?aadhaan' V to be brave, bold. eJ 1 !j l eJ e.JJ.J ?aad?Sam' V to dare to do something
    &-'

    V 1. to seek revenge, seek to

    take revenge. 2. to be vengeful, vindictive, spiteful. Fl11 :JJ- revenge, vengeance; venge'I eJ 'I L1 ~.

    beyond one's social status.


    eJ n eJ 1 'l ?tJg?aad' V 1. to be bold, audacious. 2.

    fulness. -Syn. 1, 2.

    2. 'VW 1'U 1'11.

    A11 J.J eJ 1 :JJ 1li1'VW 1'U 1 '11 khwaam'- ?aakh~ad'phajaa:::

    to dare (to), have the audacity (to).


    I

    road' N revenge, vengefulness, vengeance.


    eJ 1 'l
    C9J (

    e.J1"11~tl

    (Fl'W,'l11'W)

    ?aacaan' (khon',thdn') N 1.

    1'U; e'H ) ?~au'


    ( 1 'U)

    {baj',

    ?~au')

    N bowl, basin. N large bowl.

    teacher {who has a degree); professor. T 2. title used with the first name of a teacher or professor. P 3. you, he, him, she, her, Teacher (sp. to or about a teacher). -Dis t. Fl ~
    'IJ

    '11 1 :JJ e1 'l

    chaam?~a:o'

    {baj')

    eJ 1 'l '11 eJ 'l ?aa:oth::>::>U' pN Angthqng, a township in

    C Thailand.
    e1

    teacher
    ..

    -H~'1 H'l~1
    ~

    ( bLJ)

    ?~a:ol<ia:on~a'

    {baj')

    N wash
    'IJ

    with or without a degree.


    'IJ

    -ct.

    A161111 ~ 1 'l1 ~ tJ

    basin, wash bowl, sink.


    I

    Fl ~ eJ 1 'l1 ~ tJ , Fl ~ '\J 1 eJ 1 'l1 ~ tJ khruu I? aacaan', khruu:::

    e.J1'll6W'l'Ll6l1

    (1'U) ?aa:olfa:oplaa' {baj')

    baal?aacaan' N teachers in general.


    eJ 1 'l1 ~ tJ.-1 Vl~ ?aacaanjaj' N principal (of a school).

    fish-bowl.

    ~1 'lA6l1

    ?aa:osilaa' pN Ang Sila, a seaside resort

    eJ1~U!,eJ1~U!U!,eJ1~'Wlil ?aacin' sV regularly, habitually, constantly.


    eJ 1l ~ tl'W ?aacianl V e 1 e g. to vomit, throw up.

    on the eastern shoreline of the Gulf of Thailand, not far from Bangkok . ..., e.J 1 'l eJ 1'U'W'1 ( 1 '\J) ?aa:o?aabnaam' {baj') tub.
    e.J1'l
    1.;]

    N bath-

    -syn. See eJ 1n com.


    e.J1'1ib]l1 ?aadjaa', ?aadchajaa/ N law. 1. penalty,

    in

    ~Ae.J1'l
    d

    tld?aau',
    ~

    L~'We1'l

    pen?aa:o'

    punishment. 2. (as n. mod.) criminal. -co mp.


    eJ 1b]l1.

    to stammer, stutter, be stammering, stuttering.


    eJ 1 'l
    l;J

    -+Opp. 2.

    U'I'H.

    in

    eJ 'I .J 1 'I

    ( li11) ?}'u?aa:o' (tua') N bullfrog.

    n:D VlJ.J1 tJ in ~rn::; e.J 1 'lib\11

    ( J.J 1111 n

    , '\J '11, 'tl eJ) kOdmaaj'-

    618

    eJ1'W

    l.igsana?l?,?tadjaa' criminal law.


    eJ1Vbjj1n~

    (m~adtraa',

    bod', kh~b')

    o S1VeJ1b\!1~n~ dadcha?aanaacag' N kingdom. o ~'Vfn'deJ1b\!1sln~ sahar~ad'cha?aanaacag' N the United Kingdom.


    11b\!1'WA:W ( U'Vf'l)

    (A'W) ?aadjaak::J::m' (khon') N criminal.

    o eJ 1Vbjj1n ~~~A~ 1:W ?aadjaab::m'so:ukhraam' N war criminal.


    eJ1Vbjj1nn:w 01t.J) ?aadjaakam' (raaj') N crime.

    ?aanaa'nfkhom' (he:u')

    colony. o 6l'Y!6eJ1b\!1oLJA:W (6l'YI6) (ladthf? ') ladthf?/?aanaa'nfkhom'

    eJ1Vbjj11'Yit.J1 ?aadjaa'widthajaal N criminology. eJ 1 V'V'I ?aachiib' N livelihood, living, occupation,

    N colonialism.

    eJ 1bll1'U S b ':lbll ?aanaalb;,;,riween' N area, territory. eJ 1 fi1 See eJ1171:W1

    profession. -+Comp. eJ1V'J:::;.

    ~ fi1 eJ 1 fi1

    LJ s:::; n eJ'U eJ 1 V'V'I prak:,;,bl?aachtib' V to earn a


    living.
    b-iJ'W eJ 1 V'V'I pen?aachtibl 1. for a living, as an

    ?aadtamaa' P sacer. I, me.

    eJ 1 'YI ~ ?aath;,;,nl N interest, concern, hospitality. eJ 1 ii See entries below. b-iJ'WeJ 1-ti pen?aathf?l for example, as notable

    occupation, as a profession. 2. co 11 o q. habitually, constantly.


    iieJ1V'V'I mii?aachtib' V to make a living, have

    examples. NOTE. This expression follows a list, usually of names, with examples cited in descending order of importance.
    ~

    a living.

    1n

    b ~t.I'W1 1V'V'I roo:urianl?aachtibl N vocational

    eJ1'YI bV'W ?aathf?lch@n' notably (such and such per-

    school, trade school.


    eJ1V':lAn\<:11 ?aachiiwa?'sygs<la' N vocational educa-

    sons). NOTE. This expression precedes a list, usually of names, with examples cited in descending order of importance.
    eJ1iilllt.J ?aathfd' N 1. sun (chiefly in compounds).

    tion.
    11V'J:::; ?aachiiwa?l N occupation, profession, live-

    lihood, living. -comp. eJ1V'V'I,


    fl1boUt.l ?aasia' N Asia.

    2. short for [f. Eng.]


    !:C
    ~

    i'W-- .

    C 3. week. -+The days of


    ~

    -Also

    b eJ boUt.!.

    the week are listed under ':l'W. o 'YI 'l eJ 1 'YIIII tJ tha:u'?aathid' all week. o eJ 1-rilllt.J'Vf'W 1 ?aathfdln~a' next week.
    A':l'leJ1TI171t.l (A':l'l) dua:u?aathid' (dua:u')

    eJ1boUt.ll~eJt.J

    ?aasialn5;,jl N AsiaMinor. 2. (as n.

    eJ16jj1 ?aajaal N 1. penalty, punishment.

    mod.) criminal; used in legal terms. -co mp.


    eJ 1 Vbli 1 .

    N the

    -+Opp. 2. U'\'1 'l.

    sun.

    A~1 16jj1 (A~) khadiil?aajaa' (khadiil) N criminal case.


    eJ

    '!'1~:::;eJ1TIIIIt.l ( A':l 'l) phra?aathid' (dua:u') N com.


    the sun. -Syn. lil:::i'W eleg.

    16jj1~'Yif ?aajaasld'
    authority.

    N absolute power, absolute

    i'WeJ1TIIilt.l

    i'W)

    wan?aathid' (wan')

    N Sunday.
    ~

    -The days of the week are listed under ':l'W.


    eJ 1'W ( eJ 1'W) ?aan' (?aan 1 )
    'IJ

    eJ 1bi~ ?aanad' N order, mandate.

    N saddle. reader (person).

    ~'Wbbfi1'WL 'WeJ 1Li~ dindeen'naj?aanad' mandated


    territory.
    eJ 1ti~ Gfblibli 1bll ?aanadl sanjaan' N signal (as an

    eJ 1'W ?aan' V to read. W--

    Afi111'W khid?aan' V to think, plan, use one's head

    (esp. in matters of bettering one's situation).


    I

    air- raid signal).


    eJ 1 b\!1- Bound form used in compounds such as the

    'W 1 eJ 1'W

    n~a?aan', n~a'?aan 1

    V to be interesting

    to

    read~

    be worth reading.

    following.
    r o

    SeJ1'W rf?l?aan' V to plan; to try, attempt, ini( eJ1b\!1 b'1JIII,~':l'W) ?aanaakheed 1


    .J

    eJ1b\!1 L'1JIII,- L'1JIIIIII

    tiate (as a new venture) .


    b s eJ i eJ 1'W b ~'W ( b ~ eJ i) rJa:u'?aanl@n' (!Ja:u')
    I I

    (?aanaakheed 1 , suan') N 1. territory. 2. boundary, border, frontier.

    .J

    something which is read for pleasure, light reading (often used instead of the more specific terms
    q, '1

    eJ1b\!1~ns

    (eJ1b\!1~ns,bb'ln) ?aanaacag' (?aanaa=:


    N domain, dominion, realm; king-

    cagl, he:u') dom.

    ~PI 1 tJ " nove l ," ""o'Wu


    (

    r\!:C " s h ort story," etc .. ) b.J S eJ 'l61"W.

    'Vf~i~fl~1'Wb~'W

    b~:W) na:nsyyrl?aanl~n' (l~m')

    EJ 1'i.l

    619

    EJ'HJ q

    N a book for light reading.


    I

    names of men, esp. of criminals, but also for purposes of insult; formerly used with names of male slaves. 2. term freely used with refer-

    a 1'i.l ( ) 'U 1:W"l ?aan'( ... )kMamkMam' to skim,

    read (it) by skimming.

    B 1'i.l;1-11; ?aankhaan'waj
    I I '-'

    to have left the read-

    ence to objects or persons (regardless of sex), esp. in conjunction with a demonstrative word, and without special connotation. 3. bound element in the names of a few creatures, esp. the cricket. -+Also spelled -Opp. 1.
    v

    ing unfinished, to leave off reading.


    EJ 1'i.l rJ EJ'Vl'i.l1
    OO

    ?aant:,;:,tn~ar:S::>j I

    continued on

    page 100; continue reading on page 100.

    B1'Wl~J an ?aan'm~p:,;:,gl

    1. can't read (it)

    1;.

    -+Also 2.

    8.

    (because of illegibility, etc.). 2. fig. can't make (it) out, can't figure (it) out.
    B1'i.l'V!'iJ'l ~ EJ ?aan'naus)7' V to read. B 1'i.l a an L~ rm1;

    8,

    used with names of w.

    rl'\J EJ 1 EJ

    ka?~j:::: expression used to indicate the

    paltriness, insignificance, worthlessness of an V to be object from the speaker's point of view, as in the fol. example.
    I

    ?aan?:J;:,g'khiand~ajl

    able to read and write, be literate.


    EJ1'i.l1:W in EJ1EJEJ1'W1:W ?aaju?l?aanaaml N colloq.
    q

    -+Also rl'U8.
    V

    o L'U 11:waEJ 1n 1lil'Vls- ann'\Ja 1EJ'UEJ 'l~'ln'IJ'i.l khawm~j::::


    jaag'd~ajlrog- ka?~jkh::bn'phtlagnan'l He

    q.~

    'V

    !:;,

    age.
    EJ1'i.ldl11~ ?aamlph~ab'
    q

    N eleg. power, might.


    v

    doesn't care for that kind of thing.


    .!..

    a 1'\.J ?aab' V to bathe, bask .

    ...

    81tH 'I
    d

    ?~jti~D'~ derog. epithet

    (You) fool!

    'W"1 a 1'\.J naam?aab' N bath water. J 1'\.J bblillil ?aabdh:d' V to take a sunbath, bask in

    EJ18'W ?~jntil this one (ref. to a thing or to a

    person of either sex).

    the sunshine .

    ...

    ;1EJ~EJ8 ?~jth:,jl~

    derog. epithet (You) riffraff!

    a 1'\J'W"1 ?aabnaam' V to take a bath, to bathe.

    ...

    ...

    Scum!

    ...

    o "'.llil a 1'\.J'W"1 ( "'.llil) chlidl?aabnaam' (chlid') q q bathing suit .

    EJ1EJ'\.J1 ;18

    ?~jMa'~ derog. epithet

    Crazy guy!

    ...

    L~el ?~jsya'

    N 1. derog. bandit, outlaw.

    o 6is-:::EJ1'\.J'W"1 (6is-:::) sa?l?aabmiam' (sa?l) swimming pool. o 'V!EJ 'I a 1'\.J'i.l"1 ( 'V!EJ "'~) h~u'?aabmiam' (h~n')

    T 2. derog. title used with the first name of a bandit.

    ...

    ...

    ...

    EJ 18'Vl~
    v

    ?~jnuu'
    .!..

    sonny boy. thatguy. N akindofcricket

    1. bathroom (generally for bathing only). 2.

    EJ18'Vl:WEJ'i.l'W EJ18LLE!lil

    ?~jm:S;:,In~n

    bathhouse (outdoor structure, separate from the dwelling).


    V
    I

    Ol'J) ?~j?ectl* (tua')

    often kept by children for fighting purposes.

    o a 1'\J'W"1a 1'\J'I11 ?aabnaaml?aabth~a' co 11 o q. to take a bath, to bathe.

    e lab.

    EJ1EJ [.;]
    ~

    ?~ajl

    Nm 1. restricted one. nN 2.

    nickname for the first- born child. -+Cf. 1.


    'Vl'W'l,LE!n,bvlil . L ~ El'W EJ 18 El 1 8 rn See

    EJ 1'\J b ~ EJ li1 ?aabl1ad' V to be soaked with blood,

    "'

    bathed in blood.
    a 1'Wsn 1 ?aafrikaa'* N 1. Africa. 2. African.

    dyan?~ajl N the first lunar month.


    EJ EJ EJ 1 8 q

    -Also eJ'<Wsn 1, LLeJ'Wsn 1. [f. Eng.]


    EJ1JlHV, ?aaph::>;:,nl N lit. ornament.

    EJ 1 ~ ?aaju?l N 1. age (in years). 2. life, life span.

    -+Syn. ~s-:::"'J'i.l:W~SS"'ij-1 o
    I

    roy.

    a 1i1~
    Jj

    ?aaphab' V to be unlucky, unfortunate.

    El1~'Vl1'U'J'\J

    ?aaju?IMakhuab' (he) is five years

    EJ 1 EJ ?aajl V to be shy, bashful, retiring. 'U EJ 1 EJ khti?aajl V to be shy, bashful. el'\J EJ 1 EJ ?ab?aajl V to be ashamed. EJ 1 () 1 q 'EJ 1 rmn'1 q ?aajcajl, ?aajlkeecajl

    old.
    "'J'J 'l EJ 1 ~ chtlau 1 ?aaju?l N 1. generation. 2. life span.
    I

    r!E!EJ1EJ !:J;:,I?aaju?l V 1. to renew, i.e. extend the q

    to

    time (as of a passport). 2. to lengthen one's life.

    be ashamed of oneself.

    ~118 miil?aaju?l colloq. 1. to be (so and so q


    many years) old. 2. to be elderly, up in years.
    v

    ...

    EJ 1 EJ b'Vl'i1m.J ?aajnlaml V to be shy, bashful.


    ?~j::::*

    EJ1tl

    T 1. derog. title used with first

    ~--

    an elderly person.

    !1t.J

    620

    !1'.l

    o i1a1t.1 q

    @)~ il

    mii/?aaju?/-slbphd/pii/ (he) is

    civilized. -Gf.

    ~n~.J.

    eighteen years old.


    i'kl!1t.J sin/?aaju?/ V 1. to expire. 2. to die. q
    ~
    'IJ

    EJ1S~ dJt.J ?aarabia/ N Arabia. [f. Eng.]


    D1 sn '1J 1 ?aaragkhl1a/ N 1. care, charge; protection.

    i!1t.l suuu/?aaju?/
    q

    Vl:J..Jlil ! 1 t.J mod/?aaju?/ q

    v to be old, aged. v to expire, be terminated.


    ~

    V 2. to guard, protect.
    f.J-'IJ'

    A'J ';l:J..J--

    protection.

    protector, guardian.
    ('Ull)

    D1 tJ n f11-Hl'kl ?aaju?/klaaukhon/ N 1. middle age q

    EJ1S:J..JJl'U'Il

    ?aaram/phabQd/ {bOd/)

    N 1. intro-

    {of people); among the Thai approx. 35-50years of age. 2. middle-aged. -comp.
    D1t.i'llt.i ?aaju?khiij/ N life span. q
    D1~A'.l1:J..J

    duction. V 2. introduce, give an introduction, give a preamble.


    D 1 s 1 a\!1
    ?aar~ad/thanaa/

    'l.in.
    limitation,

    V sac e r. to beg, request,

    ?aaju?/khwaam/ N law

    invite.
    eJ 1 S 1:J.J
    @!

    the stipulated period of time after which the prosecution of a crime can no longer be initiated.

    ?aaraam/ N temple buildings. wadwaa/?aaraam/ {wad/,

    flil 'J 1 D 1 S 1:J.J ( f~, LLVl.:j)

    D1t.l~'kl\!1'kl ?aaju?/jyynnaan/ V to be long-lived, q


    to live long.
    D1t.J61'ryry1 ?aaju?/sanjaa/ N the term of a conq

    he:g/)
    eJ 1 s 1:l.J
    J'
    l:1

    N elab. colloq. wats and temples. ?aaraam/ N condition, state (usually an


    v .,) v

    intense emotional state).


    o '1J'k!1'\.J'U'kl Hllil 'J[J eJ 1 S 1:J..Jiil'kl Ll11'kl

    tract.
    D1t.ID1'kl1:J..J ?aaju?/?aanaam/ N colloq. age.
    .. q

    kh~paj/bonr6d/-

    d0aj?aaraam/-t)ryn/t~n/~ {She) got into the car

    . .. !1S:J..J11! (D1S:J..JD!,Dt.J1.:j)
    L"I 1 D 1 S :Wl:U

    J1S. ?aa/ the English letter "R." [f. Eng.]

    with excitement (excitedly, in a state of excitement).


    "'
    ~

    ?aarom/ (?aarom/,jaau/) N
    ~:J..J.

    disposition, humor, mood, spirits. -Syn.


    c~w?aarom/

    o D1S1:J..JS'U

    L'1J1V'k!Lliln~:J.J

    ?aaraam/riib/-+ khaw:::

    V to be temperamental,

    chon/ -deg/16m/ ~ Being in a desperate hurry, he knocked a child down.


    D1

    given to changes of mood.


    LlJ'WD1S:W; pen?aarom/ sV seriously.

    S ?aarii/

    V to be kind, generous, thoughtful,


    A'J1:J.J-- kindness, generosity.

    ~D LU'k!D 1 ~:W; thf)'/pen?aarom/


    seriously.

    to take (things)

    hospitable.

    1, D1 S
    to take
    v

    caj/?aarii/ V to be kind, generous.


    "'

    o LD1:W1

    LlJ'k!D1~:W; ?aw/maapen?aarom/

    LD'UEJEJ:J..JD1S ?oob?~om/?aarii/ V elab. to be

    (things) too hard; to worry too much, to take (things) too seriously.
    ~.:j'\JJ1~:J..Jl:U

    kind, generous, thoughtful, hospitable.


    eJ 1 f1::; 'J 1 A
    ?aalaw~ad/

    . sa:gob/?aarom/

    V to be on the rampage; to

    V to calm down,

    act wild and uncontrolled; to go around picking fights, causing trouble, etc .
    EJ 1 in ~rn
    .-

    calm oneself.
    I

    Vlt.JJ'W!1~:J..Jl:U

    j:Jon/?aarom/ V 1. to relax. 2. to

    ( A'kl)

    ?aalag/ (khon/)

    a scribe

    of the

    be at leisure.
    eJ 1 S:J..Jl:U'1J'W ?aarom/lchan/ N humor, sense of
    "'~

    royal court, the royal secretary.


    eJ 1GJ[J ?aalaV V to long for, think about, miss.
    TIDAEJ1~t.l th~od/?aalaV

    . eJ 1 S:J..JD!~ ?aarom/dii/
    humor. below.

    V to lose hope, lose

    V 1. to be in a good humor,

    interest; to despair.
    1 ;EJ 1Glt.l waj/?aarav (a ceremony, act, speech)

    agreeable, good-humored. N 2. good humor.


    eJ 1 S t.J- Bound form meaning "civilized." See entries

    to be in memory (of).
    i'kleJ1it.Jiil1t.IEJtJ1n

    -ct. ~n~.J.

    sin/-?aalaj/taajjaag/ V elab.

    eJ 1 S [J V'kl ?aa/rajachon/ N civilized people.

    co 11 o q. to lose all hope, be in despair, be utterly discouraged.

    -Opp. D'kl1St.IV'kl.
    eJ 1 ~ [J aSS :J. J ?aa/rajatham/ N civilization. eJ 1 :l [J'\.J S ~ Lllfl ?aa/rajaprath@ed/ N civilized
    'IJ

    D1~l'J b'iJtJ:J.J ?aaluu/miniam/, ?aaluu/miniam/ N


    aluminum. [f.Brit.Eng,] -Also EJ~~l'JdJtJ:J.J,
    'IJ

    country.

    D1 'J.

    See
    ( eJ 1 'J)

    D1.

    eJ 1 s t.J::; ?aa/rajci?/ N 1. civilization. 2. (as n. mod.) eJ 1 'J

    ?aaw/ (?aaw/)

    N bay, gulf.

    J1'J

    621
    ?aawthajl pN Gulf of Thailand. ( eJ 1 'J ) ?aawleg" (?aaw") N inlet, cove.
    I

    J1'VIU

    ~ 1 'J 1 'YHJ
    eJ 1 'J l 1.111 J 1 'J
    t9.>
    '"

    abode, habitation.
    B1f'ftJ1J61eJtJ ?aasaj/chajs5ojl V 1. to utilize, use.

    ?aw" V to be sultry (of weather).

    2. to use (something belonging to another through his courtesy). 3. to depend on (someone to do errands, etc.).

    1'\J J 1 'J ?()b?daw" V to be close, stuffy, hot, sultry. eJ 1 'J ~'W ?awfon/ V (the atmosphere) to be sultry

    (showing definite signs of rain by high humidity and a sudden increase in temperature).
    J 1 'J
    l;J

    eJ1f'ftJl~ 'U
    ......

    ?aasajljuu" 1. to live, dwell (regularly),


    fV

    inhabit. 2. to be dependent (on)(for one's living).


    I
    q.,

    ?aw/ sV quickly, hastily. to run fast. to flee, run away

    o :J.J'W eJ 1 AtJ J tJ 1 'Wlil eJ'W 1lil man"- ?aasaj/juunajtoontdaj/


    'U

    Lll tJ;1 'J kooj/?aw/ s 1 a ng U,'JJ1'J ceew/?aw" slang

    it inhabits the southern part. o L'1.11 LiJ'W Fl'W eJ 1 f'ftJ J ~ 1 'W;1'W kMwpenkhon"- ?aa:::
    'U

    quickly.
    J1'J m ?aw"~ E Oh! (excl.ofsurprise,disrnay). eJ 1 'J HI! ?aaw:xm" V to long for, yearn for, miss.
    I

    sajljuunajMan" he lives as a dependent in the household.


    eJ161'W,eJ161'W ?aadsana?.r, ?aad" N sacer.,roy.

    eJ 1 'J 161

    ( lb'VI ~) ?aawtlad" (h'Eu")

    N Buddhist monas-

    seat. o S 1 'tiel 161'W rtladcha ?aad" N seat for a king;

    tery.
    l, 1 eJ 1 'J 161
    I

    ( J ~ Fl) cdaw/?aawdad" (?ou") N

    throne.
    J 161bl) ?aasan" V 1 it. to die. eJ 1611 ?aasaa" V to volunteer. '11'VI1SeJ1611 (Fl'W)

    abbot of a Buddhist monastery.


    eJ1'J6

    ~ ~ J 1 'J6 L'h tld" -?aawud"rya" V to arm a ship,

    (eJtJ1~)

    ?aawud" (jaau")

    N weapon, arms .

    thaMan/?aasaa" (khon") N

    outfit a ship with weapons.


    'l.lfl~eJ1'J6

    soldiers or units sent into action on a voluntary basis (esp. with reference to Thailand's participation in World War I).
    i''U J 1611 rab/?aasaa/

    eJ 1 'J 6lJ 'J LFl ~ tJ ?aawud"niwkhlia" N nuclear weap-

    plod"?aawud" V to disarm .

    ons. [ lJ'J LFl~tl f. Eng.]


    J 1 'J 6ll'W ( eJtJ 1 'l) ?aawud"pyyn" (jaau")

    to volunteer.

    N fire-

    eJ 1'VI:J.J ?aahorn" N a Thai tribe, the Ahorn of Assam.


    ~

    arms.
    ~

    eJ 1'VIS'\J ?aarab/ N 1. Arabia. 2. Arab; Arabian. ( eJ tJ 1 'l ) ? aawud" judthaphan" (jaau") 'l.i1 'J eJ 1'VIi''U ( Fl'W)

    eJ 1 'J 6 tJ '116 Jl1Ji.'Yl

    N arms and military equipment.


    J 1 'J 161

    chaaw/?aarab" (khon")

    N Arab,

    Arabian person.
    'lJ S:::: L'11A eJ 1'VIi''U pratMed/?aarab" N Arabia. eJ 1'VIi''U S1lil ~ ?aarab"raatrii/ N Arabian Nights. I J' ~ J 1'VI1 s ( eJtJ 1 'l, :J.JeJ, 'l.i::::'W~) ?aaMan" (jaau". mf)r",
    ~

    ?aawusoo" V 1. to be aged, senior; to have

    seniority. N 2. seniority.
    eJ 1 AS:J.J ?aasorn" N 1. hermitage. 2. cloister,

    convent.
    J 1 f'ftJ ?aasaj/ V 1. to live, dwell. 2. to depend on,

    chanfd") N food, meal. -syn. Jllillii1'VI1S sac e r.


    n'WeJ1'VI1S kin/?aah~an/ V corn. to eat. Used of

    be dependent upon; to be aided by. Fl'W-- ,

    ~-

    inhabitant, tenant; dependent (one who lives in someone else's household, receiving part or all of his support there) .
    ..,
    ~

    eating in general, including both snacks and

    ..,

    regular meals. -cornp. n'W'I.I1'J.


    i''U'lJS::::'YI1'WeJ1'VI1S eleg.

    -syn.

    'J tJ J 1 AtJ '11 dOaj?aasaj "thii:::

    by depending upon

    '1.11'J'lJS11eJ1'VI1S khdawplaa/?aaMan/ N elab.

    (the fact) that.

    colloq. food.
    l,Sbl)eJ1'VI1S car88n/?aahaan/ V eleg. 1. tohave

    L~tl eJ 11'ftJ dooj/?aasaj/ with the aid of, by means


    of.
    v
    .:::I

    a great appetite. 2. (an appetizer, aperitif, etc.)


    v ............

    fleJtJ'I1fleJtleJ1Atlll'W tMj/thii"-th~j/?aasaj/kan

    to stimulate the appetite.


    'lJ n eJ 1'VI1 s pruu/?aah~an" V e 1 e g. 1. to cook.

    to be mutually dependent, be interdependent; to reciprocate.


    d ......
    I

    2. to season food. N habitat,

    -s y n. 1. rh rl'\J '1.11 'J corn.

    fl'WeJ1AtJ

    (ll'VI~)

    thln"?aasaj/ (h'Eu")

    i''U'l.l S:::: '111'W ei 1'Vl1 S rabprathaan/?aaMan/ V e 1 e g.

    8 TVI1

    622
    bln ~ e('l thUugphii"?am" V to have a nightmare

    to eat. -+Syn. Tl'W81'Vl1~ com. o


    'VI8n'U'\.J~::;'Yl1'W81'Vl1~

    ...

    ('VleJ~)

    ..,

    'II

    h~u"-nibpra::::

    (marked by a feeling of pressure or weight on the chest, and an inability to cry out).
    81F1'J1J.J ?amkhwaam/ V to conceal, suppress the

    thaan t? aahaan /
    ~1'W81'Vl1~

    (h~u')

    N e 1 e g. dining room. nian/?aaMan/ (raan/,


    ~

    (n'W,bb'VI'I)

    hf:u/)

    N restaurant, food stall (selling readyJllillii1F11~

    facts.
    81'W ~ 1 ~ ?amphraau/ V to conceal, suppress,

    to-eat food). -+Comp.


    n

    eleg.

    ll~8 81'VI1 ~

    ( 8~ 1 ~,

    bb~'W, 1 'U)

    raajch9)r'?aaMan'

    ...

    keep secret.
    818 ~ ?~m?9tJ/ V to remain silent (when

    ..,

    (jaau/, phf:n/, baj/) N menu.


    b A'l181'VI1 ~ seedJ'?aaM.an/ N 1. food particles.

    81 in

    confused, perplexed, etc.).


    81'W'Jtl

    2. food scraps.

    ?amnuaj/

    eleg. to bestow, afford.

    81'W'Jtln1S

    ?amnuajkaan/ V to direct things, condirection, managedirector, adminis-

    room.
    +
    I

    duct (the) affairs. F1 'J 1J.J-+

    81'V11~n~::;'\.J8'l

    (8ll1~,n~::;'\.J8~)

    ?aaMan/kra::::

    ment, administration. fJ-'11

    p3u' (jaau/, krap3u') N canned food. ~ .t ' 81 'VI1 ~ n fl1 ~ 'J 'W ( J.J 8) ?aaMan/klaauwan/ (myy/) N e leg. lunch, luncheon.
    81'VIU n 1 ~ Tl'W ?aahaanJ'kaankin/ N nutriment,

    trator. o Mn81'W'Jtln1~ (tyg/, lau/)

    (Mn,'Vli~) rygnamnuajkaan/

    N administration building.

    81'\J 'J tJ F1 'J 1 :w E;1::; 171 'J n ?amnuaj/khwaamsaduag/

    food.
    I

    to accommodate.
    ( 8ll1 'l, ~ 1'W) ?aaMankhaawJ' (jaau/, 81'W 1 ~
    ?amn~ad/

    81'VI'i :1 F11 'J

    N power, influence, authority.

    caan/) N eleg. food of the main course (usually prepared of meat or fish).

    171fl t1Jl1'Wbb'Vl.:J 81'W 1"' dunjapMab/hf:u?amn~ad.t bal-

    ance of power. N eleg.

    81'VI1~~0 1
    81'VI1 ~ b'1.11

    (~8) ?aaMankh~m/

    (m:YY')

    1'UJ.J8'U81'W1~

    (1'U,~::;'ll'U) baj/m~ob?amn~ad/

    dinner, the evening meal.


    J' ( J.JeJ) ?aaMancMaw/ (m:YY/)

    (baj/, chabab/) N 1. proxy. 2. power of attorney. N e leg.


    J.J'Vl1 8 'l'W 1"' ( 'lJ ~::; L'Yl A ) maMa/? amn~ad/ (pratMed')

    breakfast.
    d 81'VI1~ b'Ylll~

    N the Great Powers.


    (J.J8) ?aaManthiau/ (m:YY/) N eleg.

    .t

    bJ.J 181'W 1 ~

    mawJ'?amn~ad/

    V co 11 o q. to be

    lunch, luncheon (midday meal).


    I

    drunk with power.


    b ~ 8 ~ 8 'l'W 1 ~
    "' 0

    81 'VI1 ~'\.J ~::; ~ 1


    0
    ~

    ( 8ll1 ~) ?aaManJ'pracam/ (jaau/)

    ryau/?amn~ad/

    V to be very powerful,

    N e l e g. staple food.
    I

    to flourish, be at the height of one's power or ?aahaan/-pracam/wan/ glory.


    1 ;81'W 1 ~

    81'VI1S'\.JS::;~"1TW

    (8ll1~)

    (jaau/) N el eg. daily fare, everyday food.


    "' J' 81'Vl1:l bli'W (J.J8) ?aaManjen/ (m:YY')

    N eleg.

    h~j?amn~ad/ V to authorize, empower. 8~ 1 ~ l ;81'W 1"' jaauwaj/?amn~ad/ overbearingly,


    arrogantly, domineeringly; with an authoritarian air.
    81'W 1 ~ lil 1.11 n 1 ~ ?amn~ad/ -tulaa/kaan/ N judicial

    dinner, supper.
    81'VI1 s 'J 1 ~
    I
    ~

    ( 8ll1 'l, 'IJ::;1J171) ?aaManw~au' (jaau'.

    chanfd/) N eleg. snack, food taken between meals.


    81'Vl1 Hf1 L~ ~

    power. ( 8 ~ 1 ~ , '1Jdl171) ?aaManJ'samred/


    8 1'W 1 "''l'l1
    0

    n 1 ~ bJ.J 8 ~
    "'

    ?amn~ad/thaaukaanmyau/

    (jaau/, chanfd') N prepared food, ready-toeat food.


    81'VI1 :l'VI'J 1'W ( 8tl 1 ~, 'IJ::;tJ171) ?aaManwaan/ (jaau/,
    I

    N political power.
    8"1'W 1 ~il~'llblJtU~ ?amn~ad/nftlbanjad.t N legislative

    power.
    81'W 1 ~'U !'Vl1 ~ ?amn~ad'- boriMan/ administrative

    chanfd') N dessert.

    81'VI1~U'VI~ (8~1~,'1J::;U171)
    chanfd/) N dried food.
    8"1. See entries below.

    ?aaManMeu/ (jaau'.

    power, executive power.


    8"1t.! 1 ~ 8 s'\.Jllil t1 ?amn~adl?athfpataj/

    N sovereign

    power.

    623
    el"TW'\.J ?amphan/ N amber. el"1 bJHJ ?amphdd/ N amphoe, a subdivision of
    ~ ~

    ~!il1 b~tJ'W

    (At!)

    ?ldtaalian/, ?ltaalian/ N 1. (as n.

    mod.) Italian. 2. an Italian (khon/). [f. Eng.]


    a'l'JS ?ldthf?/ N power, influence, supernatural power.

    a changwat.
    n:r:wn1HhbJ1l
    phdd/

    -+See
    (AbU.~

    '

    'lfli1,Fl'\.J)

    N 1. the administrative staff of an am-

    "l 'l Vl 'H1

    krommakaan/?am::

    -+Chiefly in compounds.
    a'l'JS'Wfl ?ldthfphon/ N power, influence.

    phoe (khami?/, chud/). 2. a district official who is a member of this staff (khon/),
    'U 1 tJ 11 bJ1 1

    ~'l1Sb] 'l1 S ?ldthirfd/ N (supernatural) power, force

    (esp. of a violent, destructive nature) .


    o G11bbli11 ~'l1SbJ'l1S samdeeu/?ldthirid/

    ( Fl'\.J, '\.J 1 tJ) naaj?amphdd/ (khon/, naaj/)

    t. to

    N head official of an amphoe.


    11bJ1l'WS~'\.JFlS ?amphdd/phninakh::~::~n/

    manifest violent supernatural power. 2. to have


    pN an

    a violent tantrum.
    ~'\.J b ~tJ ?india/ N 1. India. 2. (as n. mod.) Indian.
    bb 'IJ n ~'W b ~ tJ ( Fl'W)

    amphoe in Bangkok.
    11bJ1l l.!J as in !i11:Wlo1bJ1ll~ taam/-?amphdd/caj/

    kheeg/?india/ (khon/) N an

    according to one's own will or wish; arbitrarily, in a self-willed or high-handed manner.


    11:W~!il ?ammahld/ V to be cruel, wicked, savage,

    Indian.

    LJ S::: b 'YJA ~'W b ~tJ pratMed/?india/ N India.


    :W'Vl1 G1 :W 'Yl S ~'W b ~ tJ mahil.asamud/?india/ N Indian

    inhuman.
    11:W 1 Iii tJ ( Fl'\.J) ?ammaad/* (khon/) N government
    'IJ

    Ocean .
    Vl:W b n 1::; ~'W b ~ tJ Iii::;

    i'W Iii n

    muuk?:>? /- ?india/tawantog/

    official, royal attendant, courtier, councillor.


    11fl1 ? amlaa/ V e leg. to take leave, say good- bye.

    N the West Indies.


    at! b ~ tJ'W as in

    ~'W b ~ tJ'W bbli11 ( Fl'\.J) ?indiandeeu/


    N American Indian. [at! b ~tJ'W
    f. Eng.]

    5'l

    ?iD/ V 1. to lean. 2. to rest against, lean against.


    tJtJ 1tJa nJ s-::: i~A 1G1 !il s
    ..

    (khon/)

    ( b s 1 'l)

    .,j

    nijaaj/-?iu/pra::

    ~'\.JLii1~'W ?indoociin/ N 1. Indochina. 2. (as n. mod.)

    wadsaad/ (rJau/) N a story based on history,

    Indochinese.

    11 'I~ 'l ?~au?iu/ V to cite, refer to (an authority).

    ..,

    a historical romance.
    I

    Fl1'UG1:wmat!Lii1~'W kh~ab/samud/?indoociin/ N

    the Indochinese Peninsula.

    ~ 'l , See 1 1 tJ ~ ~
    ~"l Q 1 ?ldchil.a/ V 1. to envy. 2. to be jealous,

    !il118t!h~'W (At!} laaw/?indoociin/ (khon/) N


    the Indochinese Laos.
    eJ'W L li1 ~ '\.J ~ s 1 b A~ ?indoociin/farauseed/ N French
    0

    envious. Fl'J 1:W--

    envy, jealousy.

    'l

    "'

    J.,

    ~Q'\.J ?icMn/* P illit. w. sp. I, me.


    de f. w. s p.
    ~j
    (bbe.J'W,fle:J'W) ?ld/ (phen/,k~on/)
    I

    -ct.

    AQ'W

    Indochina, a former Fr. colonial federation.

    ~'W Lli1tJ boUtJ ?indoo/nisia/ N Indonesia. [f. Eng.]


    N brick. N a (broken)

    ~'\.J 'l'l'W'W in

    li1 eJ tJ at! 'l'l'W'W d::~::~j/?in/thanon/ pN Mt.

    "' f.l'W~j n

    ( n e:J'\.J) k~on?ld/ (k~on/)

    "'

    Inthanon, the highest peak in Thailand, located in the north.

    piece of brick.
    ~8~ sii?ld/ N brick color.
    ~ i>l See the following entries.

    at!TIW~:W,5'UTIW1~:W (e.Jfl,l'U,fln) ?in/tMphalam/,


    'IJ

    ?in/tMpMalam/ (pMn/, lt1ug/, baj/)

    ~ li1 L S tJ ?ldrooj/ V to be weary, fatigued, tired,


    exhausted.
    ~ li1Vl'W 1 S::: 111 "l ?ldnaa/- ra?aa/caj/ V to be tired

    ..,

    N date

    (the fruit).

    !ii'W--

    ( !ii'\.J}

    the date palm.

    ~'W'l'lS. See entries below.


    'W S::: a'W Y1 S phra?in/ N Indra. 5t!'l1 H '\.J
    'IJ

    (of), wearied (with), sick (of).


    ~ li1 1 eJ li1 ?ld??:>;,d/ V to demonstrate unwillingness

    ( G11 tJ} ?in/thanuu/ (saaj/)

    N epaulet. N eagle.

    ~'WYIS in 'Wfl ~'WYIS ( rl'J}

    n6g?insW (tua/)

    or half-heartedness.
    "' ' ? 9an / elli1 b J-' ele:J'W ?1d

    a'\.JYJStJ ?insii/ N tech. 1. (as n. mod.) organic. 2.

    V to demonstrate unwillingness

    organism (in certain cpds. only). -+Ant. eltJ'WYIStJ.


    "l !il 5'W Yl S tJ

    or half-heartedness.

    ..

    a!il~ ?ldthii/ N lit. woman.

    -Syn. W'VliU1
    'IJ

    com.

    ( rl1 ) cun/la ?insii/ (tua/)

    N microor-

    ganism (tr. f. Eng.).

    ~ !il1 ~ ? l dtaalii/, ? ltaalii/ N Italy. [f. Eng.]

    G11 StJ S::: n e:J'U 8'\.J Y1 S6" saanprak?:>ob/? insii/ N organic

    624

    compound.
    61 U at.!l1 SE1 s~an/?insii/ N organic substance.
    "' "' EJ LFl:W "' ?insii/kheemii/ N organic chemistry. eJ'Wll S
    r
    r

    entries.
    1l1EJ561fl1:J.J thaj/?lsalaam/ N the Islamic Thai. A161'W1561fl1:W saasanaa/?lsalaam/ N Islam,

    5ul1SEJ611 S ?insii/saan/ N organic substance.

    Mohammedanism.
    56161SJl1'1'j, See a61SJl1'1'j.

    51T~

    in

    1~51T~~~'iJeJ'\.J m~j?ina.n/kMnkh~ob/

    elab.

    co ll o q. to not pay attention (to), not care (about) .


    .,!

    5 611'W, 5 6111JJ. ?isaan/ 1. lit., e 1 e g. northeast. N 2.

    com. the northeast (of Thailand). -sometimes also written

    l:W ?}m/ V 1. to be full (from eating), satiated.

    a611'W.
    TIA .

    -+S y n. 1. lil::; f'WeJ eJ n L~EI ~

    2. to be saturated (with).
    IJ

    L'V!{J eJ com. -+The literary and the common

    U'lieJ:W cMe?lm/ V (fruit) to be candied.

    terms for the eight chief points of the compass are listed under
    'li1 'J 5 611'W ( Fl'W)

    ~:w1~
    d
    ~

    ?lmcaj/ V to feel satisfied, deeply

    pleased, gratified.
    eJ:Wiil'J ?lmtua/ V tech. to be saturated. eJ:WiileJ
    d J'
    ?lmt~/

    chaaw?isaan/ (khon/)

    N north-

    eastern Thai, people of NE Thailand.


    Jl1 Fl5 611'W pMag?isaan/ N the northeast, the

    to be stuffed, extremely full (from

    eating).

    northeastern part (of Thailand).

    ~:w'if
    I

    ?lmpii/ to be extremely full.


    V

    51-vru 5LV!U
    "' I

    ?inoo/?inee/ See

    51 V!U aLV!U .
    N an

    5:WLL'l.i S ?lmprte/ to be extremely full. eJ:W'V!:W'l'UJ'W ?lmmii/phiiman/ V e 1 a b. co 11 o q.


    ~ """'~(I.;

    l'V!S 1'W ?iraan/ N Iran. 'li1 'J eJ'r!S 1'\.l ( Fl'W)


    "' I

    chaaw?iraan/ (khan/)

    to be stuffed, extremely full (from eating).


    a:w La'\.J ?}m?~<3b/ V to be satisfied, pleased,
    I

    Iranian; the Iranian people.


    "' eJ.

    ?ii/ the English letter "E." [f. Eng.] T 1. de r o g. title used with first names of

    contented.
    5 s::; 'J fi1 in
    r=J

    a ?ii/
    A
    ,::,l

    U:W'W 18 S::; 'J fi1 mtenaam/?irawadii/ pN


    IV "'

    I~

    women, esp. women criminals but also for purposes of insult; formerly used with names of women slaves. 2. co 11 o q. term freely used with reference to objects or to persons (regardless of sex), esp. in conjunction with a demonstrative word, and without special connotation. 3. bound element in names of birds and animals. A few such names are considered to be colloquial; their common counterparts have 'W 1 ~ of in place
    l1EI

    the Irrawaddy River. -Also U:J.J'tl1 LeJ S 1 'J fi1


    5i'Fl ?inig/ N Iraq. aSEJ1'\.J bl ?lrijaabbd/ N 1. movement, action. 2.

    position (as of the body). -Sometimes also spelled 5 SEI1'\.J l1


    61"1 n :w 5 U 1'\.J b1 s~mruam/?l rijaabQd/ V to be

    respectfully still, quiet and respectful.


    "' '" ' eJL61nliiSeJ'W ?ileg/troon/ N electron. [f.Eng.]

    561 S Jl1'1'j ?lsarapMab/ N freedom, independence.

    a (see note 2 under 'W1~ ). -Also 2.


    l1EI
    ,

    "'

    -Also

    Fl 'J 1 :J.J- - rl'\.J

    -Opp. 1.

    used with names of men.

    futl s :::n 1A 561 s Jl1'1'j wanprakaad/?lsarapMab/ N

    a ka ?ii:=:

    expression used to indicate the pal-

    Independence Day.
    5 61 s Jl1'1'jlun 1 s dleJ ~ ?lsarapMab/najkaan/myau/

    triness, insignificance, worthlessness of an object from the speaker's point of view, as in the examplebelow.
    a./

    N political freedom.
    561s::; ?lsara?/ N 1. freedom. 2. (as n. mod.) free. n-HJ61S::; kyg/?lsara?/ semi-autonomous. L'UUa61s::; pen/?lsara?/ to be free. Fl'J 1:W-d "'

    -Also
    .ql

    TI'\.JeJ1EI.

    "'

    o n'\.J eJ L~ 'W Ll11'W n 'iJ L'V!'W El 'J [JJ 'J u ka ?iitJ<3n/tMwnfi/-..


    k~khtinlaw/dQaj!

    Q/

    AI

    c:;cl'

    Even with this little bit of

    money he is stingy.
    an1 (!1l'J)

    freedom.

    ?iikaa/ (tua/)

    N com. crow. -Also

    B61 s : ; Jl n .

    See

    5 61 s Jl1 'l'j

    n 1 w r it. com.

    561S:::L61S ?lsara?/seerii/ N freedom, liberty. 561 S 1 Llfl ?ld/saraa/?en/* N Israel. 561fl1:W ?}salaam/ N "Islam," as in the following

    aLn ~

    ( !1l'J) ?iik~en/ (tua/)

    N com. barking

    deer. -+Also Ln ~ writ. com.


    a [JJ eJ n ?iid~og/. Short for

    a eJ n l1 l ~
    [JJ

    625
    "' o eJ!ileJn'tHJ ~ ?iid~::>g'th:xro'l Prostitute! Bag!

    example below.
    0

    (term of abuse).
    51i11 ?iitaal colloq. guy, fellow, mister.
    v

    u~:n~altJiln jaomiit~::>'paj?lig'
    ..}' Q ......

    1. to be continued.

    2. there is still more to come (as of a story).


    ; ~ 'tJ 'W eJ n 'J 'W 'Vl'W ~ rfi:okh)>n'-? ligwan' ny:o
    d

    o 51il1A'Wil ?iitaakhonnfi' colloq. this guy,


    this fellow.
    811'1, 5'W 11 ?iina:o'. ?iinaau:;

    the next

    day, the following day.


    T de rog. title

    i'WL6~ 1 i'Wiln wanlew'wan?lig' day after day.


    eJ::: l S ~ eJ eJ::: l

    for a woman .
    eJ'Wfl'W ?iiphag'nii' co 11 o q. around this time,
    .::.1 ......

    s 5 n ?arajlt~::>?arajl- ?lig

    and so on;

    Jt

    several other things more.


    eJ:::lsiln ?arajl?ligl Whatelse? Anythingelse?

    at present, at the moment.

    5:1 :1-J

    in

    'Vi El tJ

    5S :1-J (liT 'J)

    h5j?iirom'

    (tua')

    "' d EJ n A'W'Vl'W ~

    ?ligkhon'ny:u

    1. the other one (person).

    colloq. oyster. -+Syn. -+See also


    iJ66S ~

    'VleJtJ'W1~S:W

    com.
    "'
    "'

    2. another person, one more person.


    an As
    I

    5J 1 ... 5s :w

    as separate main entry.


    N com. vulture.

    10

    ~'Vf'W ~

    ?ligkhrao'ny:o once more, once again. c


    0

    ( iil1) ?iireo' (tua') 66 s ~ w r it. com.


    ?iih~n'

    eJ n Ill eJ'Vi'W ~ ?ligt~::>'ny:u

    ll 0 q. in turn (as when

    -s y n.
    "' 6'V '"f'W eJ
    ~

    passing something on).


    N com. palm civet. eJn'neJ!il'Vf'W'l
    10 ~ eJ n'Y1 ~ tJ 1 "'
    "' d

    ( lil 'J )

    (tua')

    ?ligth!bd'ny:o colloq. in turn.

    Probably not used without iJ.


    iJ66eJ'W in 'Wfl 566eJ'W ( iil1)

    ?lig'tha:oja:o:; furthermore, moreover.

    n6g?ii?n'

    (tua')

    5nn
    "' "'

    ?ligthii' once more, again. one more time, again.


    d

    colloq. swallow (bird). com.


    eJ. See eJ ! ? iii
    ot
    (9)

    -+Syn. 'Wfl'W1HbeJ'W

    d eJ n 'Yl'Vi'W ~ ?ligthiilny:u

    eJ fl'WtJ'Vi'W 1 ?lignaVnY:o' in other words; in another

    "'

    :tf

    sense, another way. E exclamation expressing dislike, repulsion,


    eJ n tJ s::: n 1 s 'Vi'W ~ ?ligprakaan'ny:o
    "' d

    :J

    furthermore,

    aversion.
    eJ ?Iii idem. 6 'tJ tJ 'J "green."
    "' ot

    (and for) another thing.


    8n:w1n ?ligm~ag' many more, plenty more.

    eJ lB ? I i ' rM intensifier used with

    5n l~J1 ?ligm~jcMa'
    iln l~'W 1'W
    "'

    soon, before long. soon, before long.

    5n ?lig' qM more, in addition, again; another, the

    ?ligm~jnaan'
    v

    other. o fl;'JtJ5n'Vfnlu klQajl-?lighog'bajl another six bananas; six more bananas. o 5n


    (9)0

    iln 6b~ 'J ?liglew' again.

    o
    "'

    6 eJ 1 eJfl U~ 1 ?aw?liglewl What, again? Again!


    d

    eJ n 1 1 s::: 'Vi'W ~ ?ligwaara?lny:u e 1 e g. once more,

    'W1efl'l::: o;t L:W~

    ?ligslb 1 naathii' ca:;


    ~

    once again.
    eJ n 61 n n 'Vf'W n lil ?ligsagklihOn'k~d~ajl l as many
    .... d
    ~l v

    ped'mooo' colloq. it's ten minutes to eight: "another ten minutes (and) it'll be eight."
    ~

    more times as (one) wants.


    eJ n 61 n 'Vf'W eJ tJ ?ligsagn~::>jl 1. a little later on. 2.
    "'

    6'W:W'tJ'WeJfl

    &"

    ph~dm 1 kh)>n?lig'

    in addition, more.

    l~ ... 5n
    v

    6 6HJ m.1j:; ... ?ligL'ldjl never again (do

    a little bit more.


    iJ n 'Vf'W eJ tJ ?lign~::>jl 1. in a little while, a little

    such and such).

    ll "' tJ ~ :1-J eJfl


    o

    ja:om.1j:; ... ?lig' "still not, not even


    "'

    while longer. 2. a little more.


    eJ n 'Vf'W ~ ?lig:; ... ny:o
    d

    yet," as in the following examples.

    1. the other one. 2.


    "' d

    66~~!il'Ju~l~u1~'l5n'VfseJ totua 1 -jaom~jsed 1 :;


    ?ligr<)l Isn't she even dressed yet? Aren't you (isn't she) ready yet?
    "'

    another ... ; one ... more. See eJ fl Fl'W'Vi'W ~ and others among the subentries of iln.
    eJfl'VieJ~'Vi'W1
    d

    ?ligh~:o'ny:u

    the other one (room), the

    u~l~'WeJ5n'VlseJ jaom~jph::>::>l?ligr<)l
    enough yet? Is that still not enough?

    Isn't that

    other room; another room.


    iln 6'Vf~eJ'Vi611tJ ?liglya'laajl many more. eJ n eJ tJ 1 1 'Vi'W ~ ?ligjaa:o'ny:o
    "' d

    U1l~ 6~'W~ 1;1 ~'W eJ 5n 'ViS eJ ja:om~jpenkMac~a:o':;


    ph::>::>'-?ligr8l Is that not yet sufficient pay? jau:; ... ?lig' "still more," as in the

    one more thing, (and

    for) another thing, also, furthermore.

    Ul ... 5n

    5'l (l 'U)
    'U

    ?iicfiu' (bajl) N a kind of fish trap.

    626

    ill

    8mJ:::;
    0'

    ( el'W) ?iipf:? / (?an') N a small Chinese coin


    of low value.

    '1 o '1,/1 'l "' J ~ b ~ ch11a ?ydcaj/ for a brief moment, for

    just a few seconds. o 61 n J ~


    m~jfa:g/?iinia/~ "'
    '1 d b ~ W\H

    ifh.Jr~ ?iijlb'* N Egypt. [f. Eng.]


    1 n
    .:::.1 q.,

    sag?ydcaj/ny:g

    (for) just a brief

    ... 1 ~ :J.J

    Col

    in l:J.Jrl ~ 1 n fl1 1 HI

    '~?f'

    q..

    ..:.i

    moment.

    kh~al?iirom'

    V co 11 o q. to pay no attention

    5~ el~

    ?yd?ad' V to feel constricted, hemmed in,

    to what others say, be unmindful of what others say. --+Dist. a~:w under

    stifled, oppressed, harassed, uncomfortable, ill at ease (e.g. because of tight clothes, overeating, insufficient space, a stuffy room, an awkward situation, trying circumstances, etc.).

    a.

    aGJ~III~U~ ?iilu:g'tu:gna:g' colloq. to be tangled up.

    -+Also

    au~-

    "' JL6llliii~J'W
    .,;.

    ?iih~gltr;,::m'

    . an-. .
    '
    v

    N electron. [f.Eng.]

    a611'W.
    ,

    See

    ~611'W.

    8~ ?Y.Yd' V to be swollen, distended. 8~ J 1 ~ ?yyd? aad/ v to be slow' inert; to


    person).

    be slow-

    " "''1 161llJb61 ?iisug/?iisaV N colloq. chickenpox.

    moving, to move with difficulty (as a very fat


    .J

    ....:sy n.
    e::J

    l'IJ 61n161
    ~ V~
    'II

    e 1 eg.
    I c.! I

    I &>I

    ahrwaLvt'W in lma1vruaLvt'W nee/

    mdjruu'-?iinoo'?ii::::

    J'W ?Y.Yn' N other; others. people), other people .


    .J .J

    t:l-- others (ref. to


    'II

    c 011 0 q. to know absolutely nothing

    about (it).

    n l'WJ'W ko;,n?Y"Yn' first of all, before anything else. L'1J 1 l'W khaw?Y.Yn' others, other people.

    ~ll ?yg' C a gulp, a swallow (liquid).


    ~nlin ?ygkathyg' V to be noisy. ~nan ?yg?ag' v 1. to be in turmoil, in conflict
    within oneself, confused. 2. to be unable to speak; to stammer (because of uneasiness, embarrassment, reluctance, confusion).

    1fl ~ ~'W

    khraj?yYn/ anybody else, somebody else.

    L'iJu~'lJ pen?Y"Yn' 1. to be estranged, alienated, unfaithful. 2. to be otherwise, different, something else. o


    Fl~
    Q

    L1J'WJ'W khfd/pen?Y.Yn' colloq. to think other-

    5i

    .J

    ~ne1n1~ ?yg?ag'caj/ V to be unable to make a


    decision, to feel confused, uncertain.

    wise, have one's own opinion, take (it) to mean something else.
    .J

    "' a~

    ?y:gl

    V to be loud, noisy.

    au1~ ?yyn'daj/ any other.


    ' ' ?yyn?yyn' N other, other ones, others.
    d

    ~ ~fl~~ ?y:g/khany:g' V to be noisy, tumultuous.

    d J'U"l

    "' 1 ~ 1 6l
    d

    ?y:g?on' V to be loud, noisy.


    ?Y":gl

    o U6l:::; l'W "1 le??Y.Yn?Y"Yn' and so on, and so forth.

    1 ~

    (Ill ':1)

    (tua/) N a kind of frog.

    8J
    &-' 11

    ?yy/ E excl. expressing mild astonishment, interest, approval.


    ?(jyl

    d LbFl'Vf1~1~

    khte'Ma:g?Y":g/ idiom. nothing, not


    ~

    much, very little: "as much as a frog's tail."


    d a~
    I

    V 1. to be loud, noisy, tumultous. 2. (the

    1 1 ~

    ( 111 'l) ?Y":g?aa:g' (tua')

    N bullfrog.
    &-'
    1:;
    'II

    ears) to be ringing, buzzing. vra J


    &-'
    hiJ.u?~y/

    J'

    J 'l
    ..!

    ??:g/ V to be speechless (as with perplexity, emotion), nonplussed, struck dumb. --+Syn. l'W.
    J'

    1. to be nearly deaf. 2. to have

    a buzzing in the ears . J J lil. 1 ':1 ?(jych&aw/ V 1. to be talked of a lot, to be spread far and wide. sV 2. a lot, widely, far and

    'lJ 'l J 'l nt:g??:gl to be silent, speechless, struck dumb.


    v

    a1a 'l
    J'

    J'

    ?~m??:gl

    V to remain silent (with per~

    wide.
    &-' "'

    plexity, confusion, etc.).


    1 ~ 13
    ??:gl

    J J J -'.1 ?(jy?y:g' V to be uproarious, noisy, boisterous. ?Y'f/ rM modifier used with indicate a deep shade.
    biJ tJ ':1

    rM intensifier used with

    vrun "heavy."

    5J
    ~n.

    "green" to

    "' 1~ ?yd' V to hold, suppress. -+Chiefly in compounds . 'lJ 'l J ~ ntn?yd' V to remain silent (suppressing some kind of feeling).
    ..! "'

    See the following entries. khadii'?ugchakan' a serious offense,

    Fl A J nlil.ll ~ ~ ~ q

    a serious case. J n a 1 'l

    5~1~ ?ydcaj' C a brief moment (i.e. as long as


    one can hold one's breath).

    ?ug?aad' V 1. to be bold, audacious.

    2.

    to dare (to), have the audacity (to).

    on n'l'\.J1lil

    627

    ohr~
    eJ i

    eJ n n 1'U 1lil ?ugkaa.tba.ad" N meteor.

    college education . o Llil ~EJ:W8171:WAn"ee1 triam"?udom"sygslla" N pre-

    as in

    ~'W 1 :W eJ 1 ~"ee miinaam/?ukMod" e 1 e g.

    to be widely known, renowned.

    paratory education {for college).


    8171S ?ud:J:Jn" 1. lit.,eleg. north. pN 2. com.

    ( eJ i)

    ?!ltJ.f (?O.u")

    N the center of the palm or

    sole.
    8 S1 S11
    ~::::

    Udqn, a township in NE Thailand. -Syn. 1.


    1. el eg. fecal

    ( n 8'W) ?lidcaara?.t (k!:bn")

    LWW eJ com. -The literary and the common terms for the eight chief points of the compass are listed under

    matter, feces, excrement. V 2. to defecate.

    n 1 ~ ~ 1 EJ- - evacuation of fecal matter; bowel


    movement. -+Also 2.
    ~

    -nA.

    D1 EJ ~ S1 S11 S::::.
    LJ

    -+Syn.

    8 lillil S ~ 111 ~ ?lid"taradld/ pN Utaradit, a township in

    "'

    'iJ

    <9J

    com.,vulg.,

    ~i

    colloq.,euphem.

    '
    '

    N Thailand.

    D1EJ~~~1~::::

    thaaj/?udcaara?/ eleg. to evacuate

    ellil~ ?lidtarl?/ V to be out of the ordinary, different,

    fecal matter, have a bowel movement, defecate. -Syn.


    ~

    unusual.
    I

    'IJ

    <9J

    com.,vulg.,

    ~i

    LJ

    colloq.,

    8llH11~

    euphem.
    8 ~ 1171 ?ucaad" V to be obscene, disgusting, shame-

    '

    ?usaa" V to try, try hard, make a special

    effort.

    ful, lewd.
    Flo11~1171iil1:Wn

    ?udsAa"hakam" (jaau". chanid", praph@ed") N


    (Flo1) kham"-?ucaad"laam6g/

    industry (as opposed to agriculture).


    ~

    n 1 s-industrialist.

    (kham")
    ornvw:i:J
    'II

    N obscene word; an obscenity. N eleg.

    industry; industrial affairs. 'Wn--

    (1H'i1) ?unhaphuum" (?ousaa")

    fi ~ n 1 ~ 8 11161 1 ~n ~ ~ :w

    temperature (in degrees).


    8rn11iil:W ( O'W) ?unaa"loom" (?an")

    kldcakaan/?usaa"hakam" N

    industrialization. N insignia

    LFl~Olil611~nss:w kheemii"?usaa"hakam" N industrial chemistry.


    L.n61'd11i161 1~n s s:w pheesad/?usAa"hakam" N the

    (worn on a cap).
    ~

    '

    171

    <9J

    ?lid" V 1. to stop up, plug. 2. to fill (a hole).


    'II

    8171~

    ?udhuu" V to plug the ears, stop up one's

    pharmaceutical industry.

    ears.
    8171 1 ?ud?O.u" V 1. to be stuffy. 2. to be close,
    'II

    dlo~Olil611~nn:w ( d18-!l) myau.t?usaa"hakam"


    (myau")
    1

    N industrial city or town.


    ( 1 ~ .!l,

    small, narrow.
    8171 LJ in 1 fi1 ~'W'W

    ~ ~ ~ 1'W111161 1'VIn ~ ~:w


    n

    LL~.!l)

    roouuaan.t?u:::

    ?udnun" V to support, assist

    saa"hakam" (roou". he:g")


    8 11161 1 ~n

    N industrial plant.

    (financially); to patronize.

    6~'Weli71WW'W (~ 0 1'W'l'W,n8'W) uan.t?udnun" (cam:::

    nuan", ke.::m")
    ~fil:W
    <9J

    "'

    :W LFl ~ ?uslla"hakam"kheemii/ N 1. the

    '

    chemical industry. 2. industrial chemistry.


    11il61 1'VI:::: ?usaa"ha?.t, ?udsaa"ha?.t

    N subsidy.

    to be diligent, diligence,

    ?udom" V 1. to be abundant, plentiful. 2.

    industrious, persevering. Fl 'l1 :W-industry, perseverance.

    to be prolific, productive, fertile.


    :w 1 n , 'tJ ~ 'tJ s rn , 61 :W'U s rn .
    d"' d
    .v
    qJ

    -s y n.

    1.

    "'

    "'

    8lililEJ:w ?uru?/nfjom" N meteorology. -Chieflyin

    cu

    o 'W'W'l1el'W8171:W phyY'nthti/?an?udom" fertile land.


    8171:W1ti171'JEJ ?udom"pajdO.aj:::

    ... '

    compounds.

    'Wn--

    meteorologist.

    '

    to have plenty of,

    n S:W81ililEJ:w krom"-?utu?/nijom" N Weather

    to be fertile with, to be rich in. "excellent, supreme," as in the

    8 171:W LJ ?udom"

    '

    1lililtJ:w1'11EJ 1 ?utu?/nfjom"-wfdthajaa" N meteorol-

    '

    following compounds.
    ~ 171 :wn

    Bureau; Department of Meteorology.

    ogy.

    1 s , ~ 171 :wn 1 ~rn ( 'IJ 8) ?udom"kaan" (khe.::~")


    "' I

    "'

    "

    eJ'YinilEJ ?uth6g"kaphaV N flood, disaster caused by

    N ideal, principle, philosophy.


    8171:WFllil

    '

    flood.
    8'116 srn ?uth:J:Jn"
    v

    (8EJ1i ,'tJ8) ?udom"khatl?/ (jaau".kh~:J")

    v
    I

    1a w

    to appeal.
    N appel-

    N ideal.
    8171:WAn"e11 ?udom"sygsaa" N higher education,

    A1iileJrl6~rn

    late court .

    (LL'VI.!l) saan"?uth:J:Jn" {heu")

    628
    eJ'IltJ 61'W ?uthajlthaanii/ pN Uthaithani, a township q eJL'tH1bl f'W-q '
    <"
    I

    ?uboo'sod', wanl-?uboo'sbd' N eleg.


    ,J
    1

    in C Thailand.
    J'tl1'W ?uthaan' V 1. to exclaim, cry out. N 2. q

    a Buddhist holy day.


    eJi.Jn Hl.l ( eJ tJ 1 ~ q bAs eJ 'l ) ?ubpab:Jn 1 (jaau'. khr9au')
    ,J

    gram. interjection. tion.


    1 Jf1 J'tl1'W q
    "' ,J
    ?~:Jgl?uthaan'

    rh-- gram. interjecV to exclaim, utter an

    N eleg. equipment, implements, material; accessories; assistance. -Also bAS 1 'l--


    Ji.Jf11S:::; ?ubpakaalnJ.?I V tosponsor,patronize,
    9
    ~

    exclamation.
    J'tl1'HHl.l ( LHH) ?U.thaa'h::bn' (r9au') q

    N eleg.

    ~ "' 'II eJi.J bl:l-JJl ?ubpath&m'


    9

    support.

    ~--

    patron, supporter.
    V to support, assist, help.

    example.
    eJrlA ?uthfd/ V 1. to make an offering. 2. to dedi-

    eJi.J'tll11
    9

    'II

    ( A'W, 'W 1 tJ) ?U.bpathO.ud' {khan/, naajl)

    '

    charge d'affaires.
    eJi.JLJlA as in q
    ph~og'

    cate, consecrate. 3. to donate on behalf of or in memory of.


    eJTIAiil'W ?uthfd'ton' V to dedicate oneself (to), q

    bA~1-'leJi.JLJlA (ltJ1~)
    q

    kh:c1au?ubpa::::

    (jaau')

    N e leg. useful articles, things

    to use. --Syn.
    9
    I

    '1JeJ~1oJ

    com.

    sacrifice oneself (for).


    eJ' W ?lin/ V 1. to be warm, lukewarm. 2. to warm q

    eJi.J S 1 Fl1 ?ubparaa'khaa' N eclipse. eJi.J 6i s sA q ( eJ tJ 1 'l , t.J s:::; n 1 s ) ?U.bpasag' (jaau'. prakaan')
    I

    (something) up, heat slowly.


    1'\.J~'W

    N obstacle, difficulties.
    eJtJM b'Hl11 9 q (

    ?(>b?un' V 1. to be warm (of climate,

    s 1 tJ, eJtJ 1 'I)


    I

    ?upad'tiheed' (raajl, jaau')

    weather). 2. to be warm, good-natured (in character; in manner).


    'J' eJ'W'IJ'W ?unkh~n' to be getting warmer.

    N accident.
    eJtJ'tl 'J L'Hiil q q

    -Also eJtJM b'Hl11 q q

    ( s 1 tJ, 1 tJ 1-'l) ?upad 1 thawaheed' (raajl,

    ,
    I

    jaau')
    9

    N accident.

    eJ'WL, ?U.ncajl V to feel secure, at ease. q


    J.,

    eJi.J 1 'tl1'W ?tJ.paa'thaan' N 1. conviction, firm belief.

    J'W'H'W1~1A'I
    9

    ?unn.1la'-faa'kMu' V idiom. to be

    2. preconception. 3. colloq. misconception, illusion, imagination.


    eJ:IJ ?fim' V to hold, carry (a child, an animal) in
    9

    abundantly provided (with).


    1'\.Jfl ?U.bon' pN Ubon (Ubol), a township in NE
    9

    Thailand. The full name is 1' \.J fl S1 'I] 6 TW 9 bon' r~adchathaa' nii'.
    1'\.J:::; ?u!hF E excl. expressing anger, displeasure.
    9
    9

    one's arms.
    1 :IJ 'tl 1 'l ?fimth5:JU I
    V 1. to be carrying a child

    .., ..,
    q

    (i.e. to be pregnant).
    ..,

    --ct. :iJ 'tl 1 'l

    eJtJM ?uood', ?uood'ti::::


    9

    V to happen, occur.

    J:W'W"1 ?tlmnaam' V (the soil) to hold water.

    ~Q

    eJ'U Iii L'Hiil


    9

    (As~

    :!:::

    As 1 1 1 s 1 tJ ) ?uood 1 tiheed' (khniu'.

    11'\.J eJ:IJ
    q

    ?oob?fim/ V 1. to carry embracing with

    khraaw', raajl) N accident. -+Also eJtJM L'Hiil. 9 9


    J'U1'tl'J ?uooad' N 1. misery, misfortune, evil. 2.
    9

    both arms. 2. to cherish, foster; to help, support.


    eJ:W'lA..,eJL:W~A"'
    q
    9

    (as n. mod.) calamitous, disastrous, bad.


    ~

    {U~'l)

    ?umou'. ?umoou' (heu 1 )

    ~'U 1 tJ

    ( eJ tJ 1 'I , eJ'W) ?ubaajl (jaau'. ?an')

    N trick,

    (underground) cave, cavity; tunnel.


    1 tJ ?ujl V to be soft. Chiefly in compounds. q 'IJ'W 1 tJ kh6n?ujl N down (first soft feathering).
    q

    device, plot.
    'J 11 1'\.J 1 tJ waaul?ubaajl V to set up a trap, pre-

    pare a stratagem.
    1'\.J 1
    9

    '

    ~tJ

    in

    ~tJ11tJ ?fij?~ajl

    V to be ponderous and slow-

    mr'I 'H'W 1

    ( el'W' 1 tJ 1 'I) ?ubaajl- bau~n~a/ (?an/, eJtJ


    9

    moving (as a hippopotamus, a very fat person). !?ujl E 1. Ouch! Oh! (excl. of pain). 2. Oh! (excl. used by women to lend emphasis to an utterance; see examples).

    jaau') N pretext.
    eJ'U1tJAn
    9

    (el'W,1~1-!l)

    ?U.baajlsyg' (?an1 ,jaau 1 )

    N stratagem.
    1'\.J 161 f1
    9

    ( A'W) ?ubaa' sogl (khan')

    N a man who is

    ~tJ~1Sf1~-'l !?ujln~arag'cau'~
    q

    Oh, how absolutely

    a devout Buddhist.
    1'\.J 1 ~n 1 ( A'W) ?ubaa'sikaa' (khan')
    9

    lovely! How perfectly adorable! Oh, how cute! N a woman o JtJ11!1tJ ?ujtaaVL !?ujtaajl* E excl. expressing q surprise, dismay, etc. --Sometimes written

    who is a devout Buddhist.

    629
    ~ J
    9 9

    ! !il1 !:J !

    and pronounced !?ujltaajl L

    LeJ in

    !il'dLeJ

    Ol'd) tua?~e' (tua/)

    N colloq. the

    eJ ~::; , eJ ~ 1 ?uni? /, ?uraa' N 1. lit. chest, breast.

    main one (person), the responsible party, the leader, the one to blame (used esp. when scolding children).
    68n ?eeg', ?eeg'ka:::

    2. colloq. heart.
    ~

    'J::; ?uwa/ E excl. expressing anger, displeasure,

    dissatisfaction.
    I I

    Nm restricted

    1. one.
    'VIh!-i ,
    d

    eJ

    'll

    ( eJ, 6l'VH) ?uu' (?uu/, hf::g/)


    'll

    N 1. place where

    2. first, prime, highest, leading. 81!1 I.!:J,


    Lel~

    -ct.

    something is harbored, cradled, stored. Chiefly in compounds. 2. short for such compounds, hence dry dock, garage for repairs, etc.
    I

    "'

    h!1!:J~El6

    eJn

    (h!1!:J, Flh!) naajphon?eeg/ (naajl,

    khon') -Also

    N 1. (full) general. T 2. General--.


    ~El

    ~~::;eJ
    I ""'

    phni?uu' N roy. cradle. --Syn.


    I 'V I

    L'IJEJ com.

    6 eJn.

    -For most other ranks in

    CU

    eJ'/J1'JeJ'!h
    'll 'll
    I I

    (66'VH) ?uukMaw'?uunaam/ (hf::g/)


    I

    LeJn, see under h!1J. "l1 LeJn caa?eeg' N 1. first petty officer. T 2.

    N fertile area.
    t:S

    eJ !il eJ 6:; eJ
    'll
    I

    .,'ll

    ( eJ) ?uu't:,orya/ (?uu/)


    ?uu'baa:gk~ogd5g/

    N shipyard. pN Bangkok

    title placed before first name of same.


    Jh! L eJ n chan?eeg/ the first (highest) rank in civil

    8'\J 1 ~ n eJ n ~ eJ n
    'll

    Dock.
    eJ HI ( eJ, 66'VI ~) ?uur6d' (?uu', h:g') N 1. garage
    'll 'll

    service.
    lll'J LeJn ( lll'J)

    tua?eeg/ (tua')

    N 1. the principal

    (for repairing motor vehicles). 2. an auto dealer's.


    eJ 6 eJ
    'll

    one (person). 2. principal character in a play, picture, etc.

    ( eJ , u'VI~ ) ?uurya/ (?uu/, h:g')


    'll

    N dry dock,

    h!1-i 6 eJn

    ( lll'd) naa:g?eeg' (tua')

    N 1. leading lady,

    boathouse, shipyard. -Dist. '1116 Sel.


    eJ

    'll

    heroine (as of a play). 2. wife.

    ?Qu/ sV aloud, loudly; loud.


    'U

    'IJ ~bl!b\1 1 6eJ n ( 'IJ ~bl!b\1 1) parin'jaa?eeg' (parin'jaa')


    N doctor's degree.
    ~ ~::;

    Fl ~ 1 ~ eJ khraa:g?Qul to moan loudly.


    'll

    '1JeJ eJ
    I

    'll

    ( Ahl) soo?Qu/ (khan')

    N an alto stringed

    68 n

    ( lil 'J) phra?eeg/ (tua/) N 1. the hero


    ( Flh!) phajaanl?eeg/ (khon/)

    instrument.
    'U

    (as in a play). 2. husband. 1. to mutter aloud, complain aloud.


    ~::;

    'Uh! ~ boni?Qu/

    J 1h! LeJn

    N prime

    2. to complain a lot.
    'll

    witness. 2. to be

    eJ I.!:J in

    eJ ~ eJ ?ud?Qul V 1. to be stuffy.
    9

    'll

    ~ eJ LeJ n ( ~ eJ , Flh!) myy?eeg' (myy', khon') N an


    expert, a person with top skill and experience (in a given field).

    close, narrow, small.


    'll

    eJ 6 Fl ~hl ?uukhreen/ N Ukraine. [f. Eng.]

    'll"' 'll

    el~

    (lll'd) ?uud/ (tua/)

    N camel.

    "" ~ LeJn L:W8

    "" ~) mya:g?eeg' (mya:g') ( L:WeJ

    N princi-

    eJ:W ?uum' V (the cheeks) to be full, fleshy. -Ant. !ilel'U I.!:J. eJ!:J ?uujl E Ouch! (excl. expressing pain). 't~ eJ eJ ?Qu?1:if sV 1. indistinct(ly). 2. nasal(ly).
    'll
    I

    pal city, province, town (esp. from the viewpoint of strategic importance).

    l~ LeJn

    ( elh!)

    maj?eegl (?an') N the first tonal ) of the Thai writing system. NOTE.

    "-'~

    marker (

    o 'UhleJel bbni?Qu?ti' to grumble, complain indis'll

    l~ L8 n

    should be distinguished from L~ !:J -i L8 n

    tinctly.
    "-'~

    The former term refers to the written symbol, which may represent either a falling tone (when it accompanies a low class consonant), or a low tone (elsewhere). The term L~J ~ LeJn, has

    ~~~

    eJ phOudi?Qu?ti' to speak indistinctly or


    "-'~

    nasally. o
    6~l:Hel8 sta:gi?Qu?ti/ N 1. an indistinct voice.
    'll

    2. a nasal sound, a nasal twang. V 3. to have an indistinct voice. 4. to have a nasal sound, a nasal twang.
    6 eJ. ?eel the English letter "A." [f. Eng.]

    reference to the spoken language, and can only mean the low tone.

    6~!:J~LeJn sia:g?eeg' N gram. thelowtone.


    -see note under

    l~L eJn

    above.

    LeJ ?eel E excl. expressing surprise, discontent.

    LeJn ~h!'l1 ?eeg'kacMn' N 1. unanimity. 2. (as n.

    630

    mod.) unanimous. o LV'W L 8n Q'W; pen?eeg~'kachanl' 1. to be unanimous. 2. unanimously.


    L 8n'II'W ?eegl'kachonl' N 1. an individual, a pri-

    L8 ~ ?eeu~" 1. oneself, myself, himself (see examples of use after nominals below). 2. oneself, myself, itself (refer. to the subject, expressed or unexpressed, as in 1st and 2nd examples of use after verbs below); by oneself, of one's own accord, on one's own account. 3. very, downright, just, right, etc. (see the remaining examples below).
    EXAMPLES OF USE AFTER NOMINALS
    !;

    vate individual. 2. (as n. mod.) individual, private. o 'U ~~'YlL 8 n'II'W ( 'U ~~'1'1) boorisadl'- ?eeg~'kachonl' (boorisadl') N a private enterprise. L8n L'!1f\
    ?eeg~'katMedl'

    N 1. an individual part.

    2. (as n. mod.) individual, separate, single.


    LliW-- separately, individually.
    L8n'W'l'W ?eeg~'kaph6dl' N gram. singular num-

    o m.J i 0 HI'W ph6m?eeu 1 n<in' as for me. o ~ iil~'W i eJ 1 phOukhranl?eeu' the writer himself. o

    ~l'Woll;1'1H;H<l1

    suantua'kh1iaphac1tw'-?eeu'

    personally; as for myself; for my part.

    ber.
    L8nJl1'W ?eeg~'kapMabl' N unity.
    o

    EXAMPLES OF USE AFTER VERBS

    ti11; i 81
    own use.

    thamch<ijl?eeu' to make for one's

    LJn

    n'II

    ?eeg~'kar~adl'

    N 1. independence. 2.
    o

    (as n. mod.) independent. o tJs:::;L'f1f\L8nn'II


    kar~adl'

    iim1~bFW'fi11.1~1JJ1l<l1
    itself.

    mccw' m1tjkhaaV:=

    (tJ~:::;L'f1A)

    pratMedl'-?eeg~":::
    o

    hi!.aplaalmaa?eeu 1 A cat never catches fish

    (prath@edl') N independent country.

    ~ 1 '1'1 i ~'lJ8~ i 81

    L'iJ'W L8n ~ 1'1I pen?eeg~'kar~adl' to be independent.


    N
    o

    cyu 1 -campen 1 juu?eeu' there-

    fore it becomes downright necessary, all the more necessary.

    L Jn 611 s ( !Q:::;1J'lJ) ?eeg~'kasaan~" (chabab~")

    l~'WSnJJ~1<l~i81

    penthammadaa'juu?eeg'

    document. L8n ~nf ?eeg~'kasldl' N special privilege, sole privilege.


    L 8n elF! s ;~ m1 ~

    it is only very natural.

    EXAMPLES OF USE AFTER DEMONSTRATIVES.


    o

    ( FI'W) ?eeg~"- ?agkhanid~"thathD.ud~"

    UA~ i 8 1 kh~cnfil?eeu'.
    '
    ~

    khtc'nfi?eeg' only

    thus far, only as far as this, only this much . o 8~1n~ 'I 'Wi 81 juukl1tjk11tjlnti?eeg' It's right near here.
    .J

    (khonl') N ambassador (from a country which is not a monarchy).


    ~ I

    .L 8 n 8 Fl ~ S1 'lfml
    ~

    ( Fl'W , 'W 1 rJ , '111'W) ? eegl'?agkhar~ad:::


    th~nl')

    n'W L 8 ~ <9J kan?eeul' I myself; me myself.

    -See

    chathOudl' (khonl', naajl', (from a monarchy).

    N ambassador
    n'W L 8 ~
    lJ

    kan?eeu~"

    N 1. an intimate, an equal.
    FI'W--

    o 61 bi1'W L 8n elF!~ s 1'1f'11fil ( LL'Vi~) satMan~'-?eeg~':::


    ~

    2. intimate, familiar, informal. quaintance, an intimate, an equal.

    an acin-

    ?agkhar~adchathnudl' (hu~")

    N embassy.

    eW 1 ~-as in

    o L8nelFJsn'II'l1fil1m:JtJ~:::;:;(161'Vli~8 L:w~n1 ?eeg~"~

    formally; in a friendly, intimate manner. -see


    rl'W m.
    I
    ~

    ?agkhar~adchathO.ud~'thaj I'

    pracaml'- sahanid~':::::

    -+Dis t. the sequence rl'W b 81

    ?ameerikaal' the Thai Ambassador to the United States.


    fl" 6"U "'

    'II'l Un'W l 8 ~ rl'W <9J).

    "to help each other" (see under

    ,.

    L8n'V. , L8n"1!., L8n"1!. ?eg~", ?egs~"* the English

    fii'W L 8 ~ ton?eeu~"

    oneself, one's own self.

    -More

    L8n'11LSrJ,LJn61L~rJ ?eg~'saree~'*N 1. x-ray.

    letter "X!' [f. Eng.] "' "' "'

    emphatic than fii'W alone. V2. o


    n1s'LinFIS81fii'WL8~ kaan~'-pogkhroou~"ton?eeu~"

    to x-ray, take an x-ray. 3. to have an x-ray taken, be x-rayed. [f. Eng.]

    N self- government. o (il 'J U fii'W b eH


    dO.ajl'ton?eeu~"

    in person; by oneself,

    ~fl"'m~n61LHJ.- (LL~'W) fiiml'-?eg~'sareel' (phen~')


    N x-ray plate.
    L ~n.U L(il'W;, L ;n ~ L(il'Wfil.. ?egsidenl'* N accident. [f.

    as oneself, personally. o fii1:W1'lfii'WleH taamcajl'ton?eeul' todoasone likes, follow one's own wishes.
    lil 'J L'IJ 1 b eJ 1
    tua~'khaw?eeu~"

    Eng.] -Also u;neUL(il'W;,LL;n.UL(il'Wfil...

    himself, herself.

    631
    ~ ~

    ill 1 96'W LeJ ~ tua'chan?ee:g' myself.


    ~

    b l'W'V!~

    ?eenla:g' V to lean back, recline, lie

    Ill')

    bel~

    tua?ee:g 1

    oneself, one's own self. -+More

    emphatic than ill') alone. o

    down. "" lJ ~ ?een?ia:g' b CJ'W ba

    to incline toward, tend to, partiality,

    bel1bL~1~iil'l bel~

    ?awtcccajltua?ee:g' to con-

    have a tendency toward. FJ'j 1:W-inclination.

    sider only one's own interests or wishes; be self-willed, self-centered.


    J.,

    1el'W b el'W ?oon?een' V to be swaying, vacillating,

    'W'W Lel

    n.1n?ee:g' "just, simply; the same, the

    same as," in various idiomatic uses; see example.


    'V

    "' W b l'

    unsteady . .., ( b Gi'W) ?en' (s~n')

    N tendon, sinew, gut.

    bel'Wn ?aneeg' N 1. eleg. (as n.mod.) numerous,


    J.,

    ... LU'WJ.J1A1'W'WLel-l ... penmaa'diidii'-nan::::: ?ee:u'! (What you saw there) is just an ordinary horse, just a good old horse.

    innumerable.

    Nm 2. numerous, innumerable.
    ~

    -Chiefly as in the following entries. -Also written el b'Wn. -comp. el'W'Will.

    ..

    'W'W o

    bel~

    nanl?ee:g' that very, that very same. najlwannanl?ee:g' on that very

    b CJ'Wn'Li s ::::n 1 s ?aneeg'prakaan' numerous or innumerable kinds, ways.


    0

    "l ~ ~ b'W 'J'W'W'W bel~

    day, on that very same day. b~'W bel~ pen?ee:g' naturally {of itself, of one's own accord). J.J1 b eJ
    ~

    i!FJbll,b~'W b el'Wn'Li s::::n 1 s miilkhun'-pen?aneeg':::::


    q .

    prakaan' to have innumerable virtues, graces. b l'Wn elU'Will ?aneegl?anan' numerous, innumerable. b5'Wiil ?enduu' V to be tender toward, have compas'11

    maa?ee:g' 1. to come by oneself (unac-

    companied). 2. to come of one's accord. 3. to come oneself (in person).

    sion and affection for.

    FJ'j 1:W-- tenderness,

    affection (particularly as shown to a child or to a pet). 'W 1 b "' el'Wiil n.1a?enduu' V to be cute, lovely (as a 'II child, pet). b l'Vl. , b"' el'Vl.
    ?efl

    "' bel~

    ?e:g' P vulg.,sp. to inf. or int. you. -+Paired with 'tJ 1


    lB

    "I, me."

    b CJ'IJ., b 1J'IJ. ?ech'* the English letter "H." [f. Eng.] b el bVll ' ba beUlJ ?eechia', ?eesia' N 1. Asia. 2. Asiatic. [f. Eng.] -Also el1 LeUlJ.

    the English letter "F." [f. Eng.]

    "' b CJ:W. , b CJJ.J. ?em' the English letter "M." [f. Eng.]
    b JJ.J 1 eJ'IJ ?eem?ood' V to be delicious, savory. b Ell! ?;:};:}j' Pt 1 it. 1. particle used after a term of address at the end of an utterance, serving to suggest endearment, intimacy, affection. 2. particle used to set off individual examples of words or phrases when these are being listed. 3. particle used at the end of a verse for metric reasons and without special connotation. -co mp.
    +
    'V

    "' be:Jiil

    C9J

    ?ed' Nm restricted

    one. -used after


    d

    tens, hundreds,etc.

    -comp.'Yi'W~,l1ll

    tB,be:Jn.

    "' r5:Jj?ed' Nm 1. one hundred and one. Sell! Lllil


    pN 2. Rqi-et, a township in NE Thailand. ;eJU b ~lil b qlilvf'l

    dJ1~

    r:S:Jj?ed 1

    -ced 1 hUamya:g'

    idiom. countless provinces, all over the country.


    d:z "'

    -Dist.

    SeJlJbb'LIIil, whichisnotusedwith

    places.

    u SI'U b llil jtislb?ed' Nm twenty one.


    ~'\J b8lil slb?ed' Nm eleven.
    b 8lil tB ?ed' V 1. to scold. 2. to be noisy, loud. 61
    ~

    LeJ lJ lo:g?;:};:}j' V co 11 o q. to end up, conclude, be settled.

    d-1LJ~b81i15~ (b~ll~)sia:g?ed?y:g'(sra:g') N
    din, loud noise. b8 lil ill:::; 1 ~ ?edtaroo' V 1. to scold loudly; to shout at. 2. to make a clamor, a lot of noise.

    bEll!

    ?~;:}V

    V colloq. 1. to mention. 2. to utter,

    say something; to begin to speak. Pt 3. interrogative particle used in the introduction to a riddle.

    "' b eJ'W., b l'W.

    ?en' the English letter "N." [f. Eng.]

    1Fl s beJlJ khraj?~dVriddle). El::; l S LeJlJ riddle).

    Who is it? (introducing a

    b el'W ?een' V to lean. b el'WSI ?een'lOu' V to bend, incline (as with the
    'II

    ?araj?~;:)jl-+

    What is it? (introducing a

    wind).

    632
    l,l'

    b eJ 1

    b eltJ'lJ'W ?88j'kh9n to speak up, start speaking;

    "oh!" etc. 2. excl. similar to "oh," "say," "oh, by the way." -In both meanings used among intimates, otherwise impolite.
    b

    to say.
    b eltJ t"H ?88j'thYtl' to speak of, refer to.
    b 0 tJ'\J 1 n ?88jpaagl V 1. to open the mouth to talk.
    I

    "'

    a aih::::

    ?88'siiwa! Of course. (Said in ill humor.).


    ?88n~a/

    2. to begin to talk.
    b tJ

    beJeJ'W1

    I know. OK. Yes, yes. (Used reas-

    ?a8j', ?ajl E excl. indicating self- corI ""

    suringly).
    b eJ 0 eJ 'HJ ?88?uajl V co 11 o q. to agree, go along

    rection, in the sense of "no, I mean ... "


    belt! 11 in U:WbeltJ
    m~e!?a8j'

    Pt particleusedby

    with, approve.
    baa eJ eJ'Vlei'Vl:Wn
    '
    ?88?::>::>'h~::>mog'

    a woman peddler at the end of her cry in which she names her wares.
    +

    V e 1 a b. co 11 o q.

    -+Cf. b a tJ

    to agree, approve, go along with.


    b a eJ ?88'

    b eW ?~8j', ?a8jl*, !?a8j' Pt 1. particle used after

    V (w<;J.ter) to be on the verge of overflowing;

    a term of address at the beginning of an utterance serving to soften the effect and contributing an element of endearment, intimacy, affection.

    (tears) to well up.


    b a J ?~8/

    E excl. used to express weariness, dejec-

    tion.
    b a J
    ~::::

    2. lit. particle used after the first word of a


    verse for purposes of meter. -co mp. b au.

    bVltJ

    ?~8rah~8j'

    V 1. to dally, waste time,

    sV 2. without any cares, at leisure, idly, wasting time.


    b vel b eJeJ ?~8h88' b a:::: in

    1~bitJ,'W'I11~bitJ

    E What a pity! Too bad! It's a shame. (e.g. on learning about a mishap).
    I
    0"

    '

    tMol!?a8jl, phOtMo'!?a8jl

    E excl. expressing amazement.

    b J:::: 1 'l ?e?lcaV V co 11 o q. to get suspi-

    fr

    b a btJ'Wl'l

    ( b a bfJ'Wl'l, bb'Vl~, ~ 1fJ) ?eej@n 1 *(?eej@n 1, hen',

    cious, to sense that something is wrong.


    bel::::1:::: ?e?a?l V 1. tobenoisy, loud. 2. colloq.

    raajl) N 1. agent(i.e.afirmwhichactsasan agent for another firm). 2. agency. [f. Eng.]


    b1JHleJ:leltJ
    C:
    I

    to fuss, make a scene, object loudly, scold.


    A11:J.JL0::::J::::n1Vl61
    khwaam?e?a?lkaah~n'

    ?aredl?ar::>jl * V
    " '

    colloq. to be delicious, -+Also


    1"-'

    N con-

    delectable, very tasty.


    b J s 1 d lil in bb:W'W 1 b a~ 1 d lil
    .c.l

    eJ S eJ fJ com.

    fusion, commotion, melee, disturbance, tumult .

    """

    m~enaaml?eeraalwadiil

    N Irrawaddy River.

    -+Also bb:W'Wo1~ :l:::: 1 ~.

    idem.
    bel::::eJ:::::W:::: b'tH
    o1
    ?e?a?tma?th~8D'

    "' ?ell the English letter ''L." [f. Eng.] b eHl., b 061.
    ---Also bb a 61
    b 8 1 ( b a1) ?ewl* (?ew') N waist (of the body; of

    V elab. colloq.

    1. to make a loud noise. 2. to fuss loudly.


    b eJ:::: !?el E excl. expressing surprise, wonder.
    b a 1 ?awl V to take. Frequently used as the first

    garments).
    'U'W b a 'J
    :B

    ( 'U'W b a 1) Mn?ew 1 (Mn?ew')

    :B

    N waist

    primary vb. in transitive expressions (1st example). Often used at the head of a phrase which functions as a secondary verb; in this use
    it is generally not specifically rendered in Eng-

    (of the body).

    "'

    tJ'W b'111 b a 1 jyyn'thaaw?ew' to stand arms akimbo.


    bJ'd'U1~

    ..,

    ?ewbaan' V to have a small waist, a

    slim waistline.
    belb'JelbH1l'l in tJellilbeJb'delb~~l'l
    j~::>dl?eew88reed',

    lish (examples 3-6).


    o beJ1n;'dtJff:wJ1l1116l ?awklQajl-ctm'namtaan'!

    -res! N Mount Everest. [f. Eng.]

    Dip the banana into the sugar: "Take the banana (and) dip into sugar." o
    b fl'U b eJ 1l

    "' bel~., bv1.


    Eng.]

    ?es' the English letter "S." [f. Eng.]

    ba~n't:w {Fl'W) ?eskimoo'*(khon')


    b ei'Vl~ ~ ?@emY!JI N Amoy.
    b eJ eJ ?88/

    N Eskimo.

    [f.

    kebl?awwajl to store up, put up,

    keep. -+Also
    bfl eH-- . [f. Chin.]

    o A'Wb01'W1eleJn:W1

    :B

    ";;

    khan'-?awnaamt?~::>gmaa'

    to

    E 1. excl. expressing agreement, assent,


    o

    squeeze the water (or juice) out.

    concurrence, approval. May be variously rendered in English, e.g. "fine!" "great!" "say!"

    tJiilbv1n~'Ub;11tJ jad 1 -?awklab'kh~wpajl


    stuff (it) back in.

    to

    l eJ 1

    633

    lel1

    o ~ 171 l eJ 11 'lJ jyd/?awpajl to take away {by force).

    to manage to live; to make something of one's life.

    o 'll!illeJ11il'J~eJI71 nli-?awtua/r~;:,d/ tofleeto


    safety.

    o '\I!'W LeJ 11!1 'd ~ eJ 171 nlil- ?awtua/r~;:,d/ to flee to


    safety, flee saving one's own skin.

    ""

    !w l eJ 1
    l '1'W l eJ 1

    thyy/?aw::= to regard, take (it) to be.


    l~n/?aw::=

    colloq. to make, cause to.

    lel1ll~1~rl'd Lel~

    ?aw/-tcajltua?eeu' to consider

    L~elfl Lel1 (1) l?ag/?aw::=; {2) I?ag/?aw~ 1. to


    choose, select. 2. Take your choice.
    LeJ1Tl1~(eJrJ)
    'II

    only one's own interests or wishes; to be selfwilled, self-centered.


    I
    V

    '

    ?awkaan/(juu/) V colloq. 1. to

    LeJ 1LLI!l61:::: 171 'd Tl L'1.11 'd 1 ?aw/ -tsaduag/kh~ww~a'

    be quite a thing; that's quite a thing. sV 2. mighty, pretty, quite, rather.


    LeJ1fl1neJ1~1'W

    colloq. to think only in terms of one's own convenience.


    l eJ Hl1'W ?awtba.an/ V idiom. to be serious,

    ?awkaan/?aw:gaan/ V elab. to

    take one's work seriously, be in earnest about one's work.


    Lel1Llfl'd as in bl1:J.Jlel1Ll;'d

    earnest, industrious, to take things with due seriousness.

    LeJ11:J.J1'WeJ::::1~

    tMam/-

    L'eJ1 L bleJ:::: {1) ?awtha?/; (2) ?aw/tha?/! 1. Okay, ...

    ?awktw/?awwimaan/-?arajl~

    idiom. Why

    (e.g. I'll help you). All right. So be it. Let's agree on that. 2. Get it! Take it! NOTE. The spelling L bl eJ:::: is used to render the usual pro-

    in the world (do you, should I, etc.) ask?


    Lel1A'W ?awkhyyn/ V to take back; to win back. LeJ 11 ~

    nL eJ 1

    ?aw:gajlk~?aw~ colloq. 1. to take


    2. no matter what, regardless

    nunciation, which is tha?. A more formal spelA

    it as it comes.

    ling is

    l bll71

    of what others think, whatever others might say.


    ~

    l eJ1 L~171 {1) ?awtha?/; (2) ?awthaad' 1. All right.

    So be it. Let's agree on that. N 2. a kind of tag ?awci:g/ V to be se'rious, earnest; to (children's game). above.
    LeJ1L'iJ'WtJrJ:J.JtJrJ1rJ ?aw/-pennijom/nijaajl totake

    l eJ 1 ~

    ~ ~

    -see Note under the entry

    take things seriously.


    l eJ

    1-1 bl

    ?awcajl V to please, humor.

    LeJ11~Tl'11~eJeJTl ?aw/cajklaau/-?;);:,g/ to remove

    (it) seriously; to consider (it); to count on (it).


    L eJ 1 L'lJ ~[J'U ?awprlab/ V to take advantage of.

    the central part of something, e.g. to core (an apple).


    L eJ 11 ~

    leJ1( )1'1J ?aw( ... )pajl 1. totakeaway,take

    ~'d [J

    ?awcajlchQajl V to give moral sup-

    (something) away (somewhere). 2. away.

    port (to), root {for).


    l eJ 11 ~ 1 ~ ?awcajsaj /

    o L eJ 1 ~ 171'\l!:l.Jl [J 1'lJ 61 ~ '!11 'lJ HHJW ?awc0dmi1ajl -paj::=


    V 1. to pay attention. 2. so:g'thtiprajsaniil to take the mail to the post office. o Q'drJleJ11'1J chuajl?awpajl tosnatchaway. dQajkhwaam/?awcajsajl
    LeJ 1

    .J

    .::::.1

    V'

    to take an interest {in), put one's heart {into).


    fl 'd 1 :l.J- - attention.

    ;'dt.Jfl'd1:J..JLeJ11"11~
    attentively.

    f . ) :J..J 1 ?aw( ... )maa/ 1. to bring. 2. hither,

    along, up.

    LeJ 11 ~ eJ eJ Tl ~1

    ~ ?awcajl?~;:,ghaau /

    V to betray,

    o QI71LeJ1FJ'biHb:J..J:l.J11il'drJ chud'-?awkhunmt/maadQaj! q 9
    Bring your mother along!
    I v A

    break one's faith, break away (from).


    l eJ 1'1.f'W::; ?aw/chana?/ V to strive to win or win

    leJ1:J..J161Tl'Wfl'W ?awmaasuu/kankin/ to bring


    'II

    out, strive to overcome.


    l eJ 1tl11!1 ?aw/chiiwfd/ V to take a life, kill. l eJ 1 o/111!1 ~ eJ 171 ?aw/ -chiiwfdlr~bd/ V to save one's o

    (food) and share {it) together.


    LeJ 1:l.J 1l 'iJ'W eJ 1 ~ :J..Jt.J.- ?aw'maapen?aarom' V to

    take {things) too hard, too seriously; to worry too much. o


    Q

    life.
    \,eJ1eU !?awst/! Yes. All right. Go ahead. LeJ1rl'dSeJI71 ?awtua/r~bd/ V 1. tosaveoneself,

    'd rJ L eJ 1 :J.J 1 chuajl?awmaa/ to snatch up, snatch


    d

    to oneself.
    L eJ 1 L S eJ 1 ?awr?au/ V 1. to be strict, severe,

    get oneself to safE!ty, save one's own skin. 2.

    L!1

    634

    stern. 2. to cause trouble; to make an issue (of something). sV 3. colloq. mighty, quite, quite a bit.
    LeJ1a:::; ?aw~'la?L ?awla?l'!

    There it is again! Another one! (as when watching contestants striking each other in a fight; also expressing impatience with one's constantly re-

    All right. Okay.

    Ready.
    LJ 1 ( ) 1; (1) ?aw( ... )wajl', -waj:::; (2, 3) ?aw:::

    LfJn ?~8gl' i mit. the sound of laughter. LfJn Ln sn

    ..,

    curring mistakes, as when typing) .

    ?~8g~'kar~8g~'

    V 1. to be clamorous, up-

    wajl', -waj:::

    1. to take (and keep), keep. put

    roarious, hilarious. 2. to be bruited about, noised abroad .


    LfJ'U in
    .:

    aside, put away. 2. to put off, postpone. 3. up, away (as in "store up, put away."); in this sense
    cf.

    JJ..J LeJ'U

    ?lm?~8bl'

    V to be satisfied, pleased,

    1;.
    kebl'?awwajl' to store up, put up,
    q..q..d v

    contented.
    L5f'J .:J ?ian-' V to bend, slant, incline; to be inclined,

    o n 1 LJ 11; kaa-'?awwajl' V to mark, mark off (as with an x, check mark, etc.).

    tilted, slanting.
    ao1 L5tJ 1 lam?ianl' V to be inclined toward some-

    " LeJ 111 "' o Ln'U


    keep.
    q,'LI

    one; to be partial. o A11J..JlJ..Jao1LJf'J.:j khwaam~'m~jlam?ianl' N impartiality.


    L5f'J.:jJ1f'J ?ian?aajl' V to be shy, bashful. -Also
    "' eJ1tJLJtJ.:j,
    I "'

    o 11H!J..JJl..l1LeJ1111~AtJVIJ..JLLnn~:::;~1f'J waan~":::
    m~~naam~'-?awwajl' h~jkhondyYm~'-k~e~'kra:::

    MaV! (They) put out a jar of water for travellers to quench their thirst.

    o LeJ11;&J'ltJ"l.ftJ

    ?awwajcuancuan~'wanl'

    todelay

    LeJtJ b fJtJ ~

    ?een?ian~" V to incline toward, tend to,

    or put (it) off until almost the day.


    o

    have a tendency toward. toget


    ci"

    the tiger under control.

    LeJ1L~eJ1;a~l'JeJ ?awsya~'-wajjuu~'myyl' "


    ..,
    ?awn~al'

    b fJtJ .:j~ ?ianhuul'

    " order to

    V to turn the ear (toward) (in

    listen).
    ~

    LJ 1~t.! 1

    V to do (something) in order

    LJ tJ .:j in

    tJ n b J tJ .:j

    ( 111 1 ) n6g? tan~"


    tJn~tJYleJ

    fV

    (tua~')

    N singing

    to win compliments, approval, glory.


    L!1(

    myna. -+Resembles
    b 5f'JJ..J ?laml'

    i.

    to get (something, someone) under control, get control over, subdue, finish.
    LJ1eJnLeJ1l&JTltJ ?aw?ogl'?awcajl'-kanl' V to

    )l;eJ~ ?aw~'( ... )Mjjuul' "

    V colloq.

    rM intens. used with

    1~~

    "new."

    "' L8f'JJ..J (!il'J)

    ?fam~'(tual') N 1. anapron-likegarment

    used to keep the chest and abdomen of a baby warm. 2. colloq. dickey (for women). [f. Chin.]
    b eJtJ 1 ?taw~' V to turn, twist (esp. the body); to
    J-'

    attend to and please each other.


    I

    LJ 1 eJ f'J 1 ~ ?awjaan-' to follow the example of; to

    swerve.
    b eJ J ?tyal' V to be obliging. J-' "' LJ J LV1 J ?tyaf-yal' V 1. to be obliging, generous.
    J-'

    imitate.
    LJ 1 ( ) eJ eJ n ?aw( ... )? :J~gl' 1. to take (some-

    thing) out, get (something) out. 2. out.


    1;

    2. to help, support (with kindness); to be charito table to.


    A11J..J-- generosity, obligingness. L J miicajl'?tyafyal' V to be obliging,

    o At.!L!1( )e:Je:Jn

    kMn~"-?aw( .. )?:J~gl'

    squeeze (e.g. the juice) out . .., o LJ1eJeJnl'lJ ?awi'?:J~g!paV! Get it out of here! o L J 1 ( ) eJ J n

    ~1 &J b~J

    generous. o
    J-'
    J-' v J I b eJ J LV1 J b f.J J bbf.J

    1; ?aw( ... )?o~gi'Mjl'

    to take

    ?tyatyal'phyaphel' V e lab. to

    (something) out for (someone).


    L J 1 lmLa 1 ?awl'?ligltew-'! What, again? Again!
    L J 1 ?g_wl' E excl. used in expressions such as

    be generous, liberal.
    b eJ J n ?tyagl' i mit. 1. the sound of swallowing saliva

    "'

    those below. o LJ 1 t.!'IJ J .:J Arll


    "' d

    or water (in big gulps). C 2. gulp, swallow. "' "' LJ J .:j in b A f'J 1 b~ J 1 kh faw?t;au I' V to chew the cud,
    J-'

    ?g_wl'-+ ntil'kh~bnkhun~"!

    Here,
    J-'

    ruminate .
    LJ eJtJ m
    .

    this is yours. o L;1


    L!1 L;11'l.J

    8VI b~"'eJtJ

    ?ld?tyanl' V to demonstrate un-

    ?~wl'-+ ?awl'kh~wpajl'!

    Again!

    willingness or half-heartedness.

    635
    lVeJ:W ?yam' V to be tired of, fed up with, sick of.

    (in ambush, out of sight). 2. to sneak (through, in, out). 3. to do secretly. -+Syn. 2, 3.
    'U

    lVeJ:J.J~::::el1 ?yamlra?aa' V to be tired, wearied,


    fed up.
    J' l eJ ei:J.J ?~am' V to reach for, stretch one's hand out

    ~J'U.

    bbei'Uiil ?E:ebduu' V to watch from a hiding place;

    to peep (at), peek (at).


    bbJ'U l;~'W ?bld,qjjinl V to overhear (uninten-

    (to get).
    'J' lbA l elei:W khte?~am' V to be near, within reach. J' ~Iii l eJ eJ :J.J sud?~am' V to be out of reach, beyond
    9

    tionally).

    llei'U~'l ?ebfa:u' V to eavesdrop, listen secretly.


    llJ'U l Vl'W ?bhen' V to happen to see (uninten-

    reach.
    J' eJ 19 l J J :J.J ?aad?9am' V to dare to do something

    tionally).

    beyond one's social status.


    "" l J' JJ:J.J:J.JJ ?~ammyy' V to reach out (for), stretch

    ll;i.JlD~ (L'U,~n.~~) ?bp~n', ?bp~l*(baji,Hlug', 'U .., ..,


    pMn')
    [f. Eng.)

    N apple. 111'W--

    ( lii'W)

    apple tree.

    out one's hand (in order to reach something).


    4' ~ l J J:J.J l:J.J r;n
    d d

    ?~am'm.1jthY1J' can't reach, can't

    lbJ~Sn 1 ?flfrikaal* N Africa. [f. Eng.] -Also

    be reached.
    l eJ J tJ, l J J tJ 'l ?yajl, ?yaj?yajl sV slowly, unhurlbJ:J.J

    ef~sn1,e11~sn1.
    0;

    ?tmi*V slang

    to get, obtain, take.

    riedly, in a leisurely manner; gently, softly (as of a wind blowing).


    bbJ
    0;

    bbei:J.J 1-'1. See

    Jei:J.Jbbel:l.J.

    bbJ:J.J1:J.JbtJt.J ?emmoonia'*N ammonia. [f.Eng.]


    bbel~.

    in

    JJ'WblJ ?~:m?ee' V to be weak, frail,

    ?11* the English letter "L." [f. Eng.) -+Also


    bJ~.

    feeble.
    v

    bbJ 1-'1 in

    bbJ Jiil ?ee?ad' V to be congested, crowded

    bbeJ6ln J

    elJ~

    ?11koohoo'* N alcohol. [f. Eng.] the English letter "0." [f. Eng.]
    ?ool

    (with people).
    bbJeJiiliJiil bfJlJiil ?ee?ad 1 jadjtad'

    to be over-

    1eJ. 1J

    ?ool
    0; (

    1'U , 6l n )
    "'

    (bajl, lCug')

    N a woven bowl-

    crowded, congested.
    bb J . See J eJ bb J bbJn ( el'W) ?g' (?an')

    shaped vessel (usually lacquered, and used for drinking water). N yoke.

    u;neUllii'W; u;neUllil'Wiil'" ?gsiden 1 * N accident. [f.

    Eng.] -+Also b;neUllii'W;, L;neUllil'Wl't.


    I

    '

    1eJ Lei
    1~

    1-'1
    bl1

    ?oo' E Oh! (excl. of surprise, dismay). in


    i:J.J1v

    (6ln,1'U,~~) 'U v
    lii'W--

    s6m?oo'(1Cug',bajl,
    v

    pht>n')

    N pomelo.

    (lii'W) pomelotree.

    llJ ~
    I

    ( bbJ 'l) ?u 1 * (?tu 1 )

    N depression (in the

    ?oo' V to boast.

    -+Chiefly in compounds.

    ground), basin.
    V

    bbJ-l'Wo1

    (bbJ'l) ?unaam' (?u')

    N water hole,

    -ff1~ khii?oo' V 1~ 1rn ?ootht>ou'


    luxurious.

    tobeadandy. V to be splendid, magnificent,

    pond, puddle.
    blellil. See
    v
    <U

    J ellilblellil under
    v
    Q..l

    eJ eJ(i),

    llellil in el1t.Jbbellil

    ( WJ)

    ?!ij?tct'*(tua')

    N a kind of

    1~ J'J fi1 ?oo?uad' 1~ ~ 1 ?(>o?aa' V


    ness, splendor.

    V to brag, boast.
    1. to be splendid, luxurious,

    cricket kept by children for fighting purposes.


    bbellilbb6l'W~n ?edleentlg' N 1. the Atlantic (Ocean).

    grand. 2. to be ostentatious.

    Fl 'd 1 :J.J--

    gorgeous-

    2. (as n. mod.) Atlantic. [f. Eng.)


    bb iJ'W
    0;

    ?n1* V

    1. to curve, bend out, curve out.

    1; 1;
    N

    0;

    ?6ol

    E Oh! (excl. of sorrow). sV loudly, openly. co 11 o q. to brag loudly, openly.

    1-'1 ?(jol
    9 v

    (esp. of a person's chest). 2. to push out (e.g. the chest).


    lliJ'W
    L!:J

    FllJ

    1; khujl?elo'

    1J eJ 'd Iii
    ( iil'J) n6gnaau?nl*(tua')

    ?(jo?uad' V to boast, brag. E 1. com. excl. expressing solace, esp.

    in

    'Wn'W 11 Uei'W

    1~

    ?ool

    com. swallow (the bird). colloq.


    .., v

    -Syn.

    'Wn~UiJ'W

    to small children. V 2. co 11 o q. to console, comfort. 3. to indulge, pamper, humor.

    bbiJ'W. See elei'Wbbei'W. LLO'U ?eb' V 1. to lie in wait, lie in hiding; to hide

    1;n ?6og' N oak. lii'W-- (lii'W) oaktree. 1; ton 1 ~ ( VI'W, Fl n) ?ookaad' (Mn', khrau')

    [f.Eng.) N,C op-

    636 portunity, chance, occasion. -sometimes also spelled

    1eJ n 1 A
    ~

    1a'W~a'W ?oon?~::m" V to comply, acquiesce. o 1eJ'W~eJ'W~eJ'Wlil1J..J ?oon?~::m"ph~:Jntaami' V elab.


    co 11 o q. to yield to; to be compliant; to comply with, acquiesce. 1 a'W b eJ'W ?oon?eeni' V to be swaying, vacillating, unsteady.

    ~ 'HJ 1 an 1 G1 chUa.j'?ookaad" V to seize the opportunity. e-1--, 'Wn-" 'II

    opportunist.

    1l'lhn 1 G1 d.j?ookaad" V to have a chance, get a chance.

    !w 1 an 1 G1 1'W 1 an 1 G1

    thyY-?ookaadi'

    to take the opportunity.

    La'WL8tJ~ ?oon?ian" V to be inclined.


    1 eJ'U ?(>obi' V 1. to put an arm around, to embrace. 2. to encircle, surround.

    naj?ookaad" on the occasion of.

    'U1~1e:Jn1G1 baatJi'?ookaad" on some occasions.


    LilAhn 1i1 p~::1di'?ookaad~' V to give an opportunity. J..J 1 an 1 r;1 A~~ 1i1 eJ A~~ mii?ookaadi'- khr9D~'t~::>khr9D"
    I

    ~1a'U~i~;1An
    1a'Uilnn 1;EJJ..J

    tiii'-?oobl<ln"kh!iasyg" V to out-

    flank the enemy and attack from behind.


    .J .J

    "'

    ?oob"-pligkaa~'l:J::lmi'

    V to flank

    V to have a 50-50 chance.

    and encircle. to lose an oppor-

    ~J..Jt'11an1G1 modi'?ooka.ad"
    1 ~ .:J

    1a'U1~~

    ?ooblaji' V to put one's arm around the

    tunity; to have no more opportunity. ( 1'U) ?oon" (baj') N big jar for water.
    V slang

    shoulders (of).

    "' "' ?oob?~bmi'?aariii' V to be generous, 1eJ'UeJeJJ..JeJ1S


    hospitable, thoughtful, kind. 1 eJ'U ;J..J ?oob?Qmi' V 1. to carry embracing with q (IM:::: both arms. 2. to cherish, foster; to help, support. LeJJl1 in LeJJl1'tJS1AftJ ?oophaai'praasaj' V elab.

    1B~~a'il1 ?oon"t~:Jkhiia"

    tobevery

    fat (of people): "jar with legs."

    1a.:Jn1~ ?oonkaan" asin 'WS::::'USJ..JS1'111a~n1s

    1T'U) phrcib:Jrommara.ad"cha?oon"kaan" (cha:::: babi') N roy. royal command, royal decree. 1 eJ 'If in ba J..J 1 a 'If savory. 1a'd:::: ,11'111 ?oocM?i', ?oochaa" V eleg. to be delicious. -s y n. eJ sa tJ com. ? eem? oodi'

    to be delicious'

    eleg. to greet cordially, converse cordially. leltl ,1;tJ ?ooVL 1;tJii11U may.

    !?6oji'~ !?6ojtaaji'~ E

    E Ouch! Oh! (excl. of pain). excl. expressing fear, dis-

    1a'lf1~r;1 ?oochaar6di' V eleg. to be delicious.


    1 eJ fil ?oodi' V to cry, lament, complain in a pathetic manner. 1al'IAS'Jbl! ?oodkhruani' V 1. to lament, moan, cry. 2. slang to squawk, complain.

    1;tJ1~ !?6ojjC!o"~
    fear . LeJSG1 1a

    E excl. expressing surprise,

    (eHA) ?oor6di' (?on") ?oolian" N slang


    0 "'

    ..

    N roy. son. black iced coffee. colloq.

    Lltl~

    [f.Chin.] -Syn. t'I1L8'W

    1e:~ L~tl'W ?oodtan"* nN Odeon, name of a movie


    house in Bangkok. 1a'W
    <9J

    1e:J'J1'11 ?oow!iadi' N eleg. teaching, instruction, admonition, advice (esp. dealing with moral conduct).

    ?ooni' V to transfer (ownership, control,

    etc.). 1a'Wn s SJ..J~Tiif ?oon"kammasld" V to transfer ownership. 1 eJ'WV1 ~ ?oonch.adi' V to become naturalized, to change one's citizenship. 1 a'W'Y!:::: btJ tl'W S bl ?ooni'thabianr6di' V to transfer the. registered ownership of a car. La'W bV'W'il eJ ~ '111 ~ ?oon~'penkh:J::>ncMad" to nationalize. 1 a'W [;] ?oon" V to bend, incline. -Chiefly in compounds.

    1~\ eJ 'J 1 '11


    <u

    h!iji'?oow!iadi' V e 1 e g. to admonish,

    to deliver an admonitory speech. eJ ~1 'W 1 eJ 'J 1 '11 juu"naj?oow!iadi' e leg. to be obedient. LeJ"cl-,{ in 'W S:::: LeJ"cl-{phra?oodi' N roy. mouth, lips,

    -Syn. 't11n com. 1e:Jr;1bl ('il'W1'W) ?oosbdi' (khaniiani') cine, drug. LeJ[;1flf'!1Gl1 N eleg. medi-

    (Ll~~) ?oosbd"saalaa~'(hen")

    o b s o 1 e s c. 1. pharmacy. 2. medical station.

    1e:~Vi~ ?oohan" V to be arrogant, haughty, disdainful,

    637
    proud, daring.

    el'U

    and words of the northern dialect of Thai which has


    I

    Lel'W 1 :i

    ?oolaan/ V e leg. to be great, spacious.


    ?()o?@el

    for Bangkok S
    L E!f1LIIIf1;:W hectogram.

    1;L;

    V to linger, delay, waste time.

    f1. Abbrev. for

    ~1 L; b;

    mual?()o?@e/ to linger, loiter, waste

    1 ~ n ~

    h~tJko:u/* N

    Hong Kong. [f. Chin.]

    time unnecessarily.
    L;L ?()ohoo/-.. E Gosh! Oh! (excl. expressing

    eleli'Wii11 h;,;,landaa/ N Holland. [f. Eur.]


    ~

    <9J

    (1) M?/; (2} M'


    ~

    Pt 1. def. m. sp. Variant of


    Fl~,

    surprise, excitement).
    1el. ?aj/ the English letter "I." [f. Eng.] 1el
    <9J

    FIS'U, q.v.

    Pt 2. def. w. sp. Variant of

    q.v.
    ~ LeJ

    ?aj/ N vapor, steam.

    ! ha / E excl. expressing contempt, irritation. i mit. the sound of a laugh.

    fH11 t'J L

    'ilw1 el

    klaaj/pen?aj/ to become steam,

    ~ "'] Mh~V
    J-

    vaporize, evaporate.

    Eif1"'] h,qgh,qg/ imit. the sound of sobbing.

    f1~'W1el
    I

    klln?aj/ N 1. smell, odor. 2. idiom.


    <>

    i~n1 S ha:ukaarii/ N Hungary. [f. Eng.]


    'W Mn/ N Hun. [f. Eng.]
    J-

    atmosphere.
    Tiel lel L Git'J (Tiel) tM;,/?ajsia' (tM;,/)

    N exhaust

    i61L'VI61 hanloo/, haloo/

    Hello! [f. Eng.]

    pipe.
    lelM'J ?ajtua/ N body warmth. lmt1 ?ajmiam/ N steam, vapor.

    1 haa/ i mit. 1. the sound of laughter. V 2. to laugh loudly. 3. to express approval (with the voice, by clapping, etc.).
    L ~ fJ ~ 1 s Iauhaa/ N laughter, the sound of laughter.
    I

    L FJ

    s el ~ ~~n :i l
    ?ajph()n/

    el'W 1 ( L Fl s el ~) khryaucag/?ajnaam'

    (khryau/)

    N steam engine. N jet (as of heated gases). Used


    d

    EJ 1'l.J 1

    haapaa' (a group of people) to laugh and hoot,

    lel~'W
    o

    give a roar of laughter (i.e. to give a loud "ha," indicating either amusement, or derision).

    in compounds such as the following.

    1 LAS el ~ 'U'W el'Vi't.l


    d
    A I

    ( L 1'1 :i el ~ , 611) khryaubin/?aj::::


    ,j

    1 "'] haahaa/ i mit. the sound of laughing. 1 "'] h,qah,qat i mit. the sound of laughing.

    phfln/ (khryau/,lam/) N jet plane. o


    L1'1 :i el ~ 1 J'Ifj'\.J
    ,j
    I

    ( LFl :i 1 ~ ) khryau/?ajphfln/

    1'\.Jelt'J haan;,;,j/ N Hanoi. [f. Viet.]


    1 'J

    (khryau')
    d
    'V

    N jet engine.

    1 t'J haawaaj/ N 1. Hawaii. 2. Hawaiian.

    1e:J'W"d- ?ajphid/ N poisonous gas.

    LA :i el nJ1 ~n'W el'lfj"d- (LAs 1 ~, 1'\.J) khryau/P~:ukan/?ajphid/

    <V

    ~'W~1 hinduu/ N Hindu. [f. Hind.] qJ

    ~ hy', !hy/ E Hm! Huh! (excl. expressing surprise,


    displeasure, bemused contempt).

    (khrya:u/, ?an') N gas mask.

    1 1 LeJ ?aj/ V l ; . See el 1 fJ

    to cough.

    ~n LV!:w hygMdm/ V to be bold, daring.

    ~lil ilil hydMd/ V to grunt or expel the breath with


    exasperation, fury.

    le:J~:W ?ajtim/ N colloq. ice cream. [f.Eng.]

    --See also 116if1~:W.

    51
    1

    <9J,

    5el "']

    hyy/, hyyhyy' i mit. a crying or groan-

    1;~1 ?ajj~a/-..
    [f. Chin.]

    E excl. expressing fright, dismay.


    LeJ

    ing sound. hyy/ V i mit. 1. to burst suddenly into flame, flare up all at once (of a fire). 2. to act all at once, suddenly and all together (as of a mob).
    61 n5 el lughyy/ V 1. to flare up all at once (of a

    lel6if1 S:W ?ajsakriim' N ice cream. [f. Eng.] ->-See

    also le:J~:W.

    1 1 Lv A 'W

    ? a j? oodiin/ N iodine. [f. Eng.]

    fire). 2. to rise up all at once, suddenly and all together (as of a mob).
    d

    1 A spelling used to indicate an utterance pro-

    nounced variously hW/ (with nasalized vowel)

    h;,;,/ LOW consonant. Pronounced h and used only initially. This consonant is rare, and is found especially in onomatopoetic words, loanwords,

    hfum/, hfin/, hflu/ and signifying "yes."


    'U hub/ V 1. (a fish) to strike, snatch at, snap up.

    2. fig. to snap up, swallow up.

    'II

    em

    638

    1 ~Liil n 'l'W, 1 ~Liil n f.J'W


    b1 hya' N boat. -+Northern dialect form for b 1.

    'II

    ~n in

    tJn ~n ( &f'J) n6gh0ug' (tua') N owl.


    'II

    b ~ bee' i mit. 1. the hubbub of a crowd. V 2. (a

    L~ 1 n h1ag' i mit. 1. the sound of sighing. 2. the sound of a gasp. C 3. an occurrence of any such sound. sV 4. suddenly, with a gasp.

    crowd) to make a hubbub. 3. to flock (together, in large numbers).


    L ~1~ heeloo' V 1. to throng, go in large numbers.

    blel'Wl'l b ~1n1 '1-Ybl/ th5oncajl-h1ag'j~jl to heave a


    "' I

    E. 2. excl. used by a group of people dragging a heavy load; similar to "heave ho" but not restricted to nautical usage.
    L ~ ~ 1 heehaa' i mit. 1. the sound of hearty
    U~:J..I
    U~~

    big sigh.
    ...

    61 ~ lil ~ b eHJ n sadOu'h1ag' V to start suddenly, q


    start with a gasp, be startled. hm' N ham. [f.Eng.] ht' Pt particle used with the force of an excla-

    laughter. V 2. laugh heartily, uproariously.


    L ~ bee' E Say! Hey! (used to call attention, some-

    times indicating displeasure, irritation).


    L ~n h!n

    mative, often expressing an element of surprise . ..., o 61'Jf.J'lS~U~~i'WiJ suaj'ciuht'-wannfi/f Gee, you sure are prettied up today!

    s:w

    Mg'tookram' C hectogram. [f. Eur.]


    ~n.

    -+Abbrev.
    b elf.J

    1~
    Lei

    @J ,

    1~ 1

    boo', booboo' i mit. the sound of weep-

    MV* E exclamative. Often used to express


    reluctance about going along with what has been said.
    I.!:J

    ing, crying. in L;Lel ?(lohoo' E Wow! Oh! (excl. expressing surprise, excitement).

    b ~[)

    MV* E vulg. Hey! (used to call attention;


    used when sp. to inferior, also among men and sometimes among women who are intimates, otherwise considered impolite).

    L~ n ~ 1 n , n ~ ~ L'lin - -

    MogMag', kracMog'helogMag'

    V 1. to be harsh, rough, crude, brusque (in manner, esp. of speaking). sV 2. harshly, brusquely.

    L ~ 1 M<'l I
    ~

    E 1. excl. expressing relief. 2. excl.

    hL~~ (bb~~)
    Eur.]

    hooten 1 , hootel' (hE:u')

    N hotel. [f.

    expressing strong dissatisfaction, boredom.


    L~f.J'J

    hfaw' V colloq. 1. to bully. 2. to be uncooperative, recalcitrant, contrary.

    1eJLiil~ b'l'W,1eJLiil~ bf.J'W hajdrooc@n 1 *, hajdrooj@n'* N

    hydrogen. [f. Eng. ]

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