Figura 1.

Grficos para clculos de uX e uy num dado ponto (x, y) da

Camada Limite Laminar

Figura 2. (a) Coeficiente de resistncia (CD) para esferas e cilindros

lisos em funo de Re
(b) Estruturas tpicas de escoamentos referentes aos pontos
indicados no grfico

Figura 3. Rugosidade relativa (/D) x dimetro interno do tubo (D)

Figura 4. Diagrama de Moody : f = f (Re, /D)

Figura 5. Comprimentos equivalentes (LA) para perdas de carga por

acidentes em funo do dimetro da tubulao (D)

Tabela 1. Valores de CD para vrios objetos tridimensionais

Tabela 2. Valores de CD tpicos para vrios corpos

Tabela 3.

Valores de CD para placas planas

Escoamento

Equao

Laminar

CD =

1,328
Re1L/ 2

(ReL < 5 x 105)

Transio

CD =

0,455
1700

2 , 58
Re L
(Log Re L )

(5 x 105 < ReL < 3 x 106)

Turbulento (placa lisa) (ReL > 3 x 106)
Turbulento (placa rugosa) (ReL > 3 x 106)

CD =

0,455
(Log Re L ) 2,58

C D = [1,89 1,62 Log( / L)]

2, 5

Tabela 4. Rugosidades de diferentes tubulaes

Tubo

Rugosidade equivalente ( em mm)

Ao rebitado

0,9 9,0

Concreto

0,3 - 3,0

Madeira aparelhada

0,18 0,90

Ferro fundido

0,26

Ferro galvanizado

0,15

Ao comercial ou estrudado

0,045

Tubo estirado

0,0015

Plstico, vidro

0,00 (liso)

Tabela 5. Propriedades de tubulaes de ao normalizadas

Dimetro
Nominal

Dimetro
Externo

Schedule
Number

Espessura
da Parede

Dimetro
Interno

(in)

(cm)

(cm)

(cm)

1/8

1,029

1/4

1,372

3/8

1,715

1/2

2,134

3/4

2,667

3,340

4,216

4,826

6,033

7,303

8,890

10,160

11,430

14,130

(N de
Lista)
10S
40ST, 40S
80XS, 80S
10S
40ST, 40S
80XS, 80S
10S
40ST, 40S
80XS, 80S
5S
10S
40ST, 40S
80XS, 80S
160
XX
5S
10S
40ST,40S
80XS, 80S
160
XX
5S
10S
40ST, 40S
80xs, 80S
160
XX
5S
10S
40ST, 40S
80XS, 80S
160
XX
5S
10S
40ST, 40S
80XS, 80S
160
XX
5S
10S
40ST, 40S
80ST, 80S
160
XX
5S
10S
40ST, 40S
80XS, 80S
160
XX
5S
10S
40ST, 40S
80XS, 80S
160
XX
5S
10S
40ST, 40S
80XS, 80S
5S
10S
40ST, 40S
80XS, 80S
120
160
XX
5S
10S
40ST, 40S
80XS, 80S
120
160
XX

0,124
0,173
0,241
0,165
0,224
0,302
0,165
0,231
0,320
0,165
0,211
0,277
0,373
0,478
0,747
0,165
0,211
0,287
0,391
0,556
0,782
0,165
0,277
0,338
0,455
0,635
0,909
0,165
0,277
0,356
0,485
0,635
0,970
0,165
0,277
0,368
0,508
0,714
1,016
0,165
0,277
0,391
0,554
0,874
1,107
0,211
0,305
0,516
0,701
0,953
1,402
0,211
0,305
0,549
0,762
1,113
1,524
0,211
0,305
0,574
0,808
0,211
0,305
0,602
0,856
1,113
1,349
1,712
0,277
0,340
0,655
0,953
1,270
1,588
1,905

0,780
0,683
0,546
1,041
0,925
0,767
1,384
1,252
1,074
1,803
1,712
1,580
1,387
1,179
0,640
2,337
2,245
2,093
1,885
1,554
1,102
3,010
2,786
2,664
2,431
2,070
1,521
3,886
3,663
3,505
3,246
2,946
2,276
4,496
4,272
4,089
3,810
3,399
2,794
5,702
5,479
5,250
4,925
4,285
3,818
6,881
6,693
6,271
5,900
5,398
4,498
8,468
8,280
7,793
7,366
6,665
5,842
9,738
9,550
9,012
8,545
11,008
10,820
10,226
9,718
9,205
8,733
8,006
13,576
13,449
12,819
12,225
11,590
10,955
10,320

rea da Seo
Transversal
Metal
(cm2)
0,355
0,465
0,600
0,626
0,807
1,013
0,807
1,077
1,400
1,019
1,271
1,613
2,065
2,484
3,252
1,297
1,626
2,149
2,794
3,691
4,633
1,645
2,665
3,187
4,123
5,394
6,942
2,103
3,426
4,310
5,684
7,142
9,897
2,420
3,962
5,162
6,897
9,220
12,162
3,045
5,007
6,936
9,530
14,162
17,137
4,697
6,704
10,994
14,543
19,001
25,989
5,749
8,220
14,375
19,459
27,182
35,267
6,587
9,439
17,291
23,730
7,433
10,652
20,453
28,453
36,002
42,712
52,261
12,065
14,775
27,744
39,422
51,293
62,584
73,166

Escoamento
(cm2)
0,474
0,372
0,232
0,855
0,669
0,465
1,505
1,236
0,910
2,555
2,304
1,960
1,514
1,087
0,325
4,283
3,958
3,447
2,787
1,895
0,957
7,135
6,094
5,574
4,636
3,365
1,821
11,863
10,535
9,662
8,277
6,819
4,069
15,877
14,334
13,136
11,380
9,067
6,131
25,538
23,578
21,646
19,045
14,418
11,445
37,188
35,181
30,861
27,331
22,881
15,895
56,325
53,845
47,658
42,613
34,884
26,802
74,478
71,635
63,822
57,319
95,176
91,952
82,124
74,190
66,609
61,751
50,343
144,738
142,044
129,131
117,333
105,524
94,294
83,610

Circunferncia (cm)
ou Superfcie
(cm2/cm) de
comprimento
Externa
Interna
3,231
3,231
3,231
4,298
4,298
4,298
5,395
5,395
5,395
6,706
6,706
6,706
6,706
6,706
6,706
8,382
8,382
8,382
8,382
8,382
8,382
10,485
10,485
10,485
10,485
10,485
10,485
13,259
13,259
13,259
13,259
13,259
13,259
15,149
15,149
15,149
15,149
15,149
15,149
18,959
18,959
18,959
18,959
18,959
18,959
22,951
22,951
22,951
22,951
22,951
22,951
27,920
27,920
27,920
27,920
27,920
27,920
31,913
31,913
31,913
31,913
33,905
33,905
33,905
33,905
33,905
33,905
33,905
44,379
44,379
44,379
44,379
44,379
44,379
44,379

2,451
2,149
1,716
3,261
2,896
2,408
4,359
3,932
3,383
5,669
5,364
4,968
4,359
3,719
2,012
7,346
7,041
6,584
5,913
4,877
3,475
9,449
8,748
8,382
7,620
6,492
4,785
12,222
11,521
11,003
10,211
9,266
7,163
14,112
13,411
12,832
11,979
10,668
8,778
17,922
17,221
16,490
15,484
13,289
11,979
21,610
21,031
19,721
18,532
16,947
14,143
26,609
25,999
24,475
23,134
20,940
18,349
30,602
29,992
28,316
26,853
34,595
33,985
32,126
30,541
28,926
27,432
25,146
42,642
42,245
40,264
38,405
36,424
34,412
32,431

Vazo
correspondente
velocidade de 30,48
m/s (1 ft/s)
L/min
kg/h
(gua)
0,874
52,4
0,677
40,6
0,428
25,7
1,559
93,8
1,222
73,3
1,848
50,8
2,751
165,0
2,255
135,3
1,665
99,9
4,669
280,1
4,208
252,4
3,576
214,3
2,762
165,7
1,994
119,6
0,587
35,2
7,840
470,3
7,201
431,9
6,300
377,9
5,089
305,3
3,470
208,2
1,744
104,6
783,2
13,051
11,148
668,5
10,179
610,6
8,476
508,5
6,149
368,9
3,322
199,3
21,682
1300,7
19,261
1155,4
17,293
1037,4
15,098
905,7
12,449
746,8
7,454
477,2
29,023
1741,1
26,261
1573,1
23,991
1439,2
20,774
1246,2
16,574
994,3
11,201
671,9
46,695
2801,2
42,100
2585,5
39,543
2372,2
34,813
2088,4
26,374
1582,2
20,926
1255,3
67,998
4079,2
64,328
3859,0
56,457
3386,8
49,949
2996,4
41,889
2512,9
29,061
1743,4
102,963
6176,7
98,460
5906,5
87,032
5221,0
77,761
4664,9
63,798
3827,2
49,003
2939,7
136,148
8167,5
130,964
7856,5
116,547
6991,6
104,817
6287,9
174,064
10442,0
168,010
10078,8
149,846
8989,2
135,467
8126,6
121,845
7309,4
109,358
6560,3
91,951
5516,1
264,502
15867,3
259,582
15572,2
235,743
14142,1
218,337
13097,9
192,984
11577,0
10328,5
172,172
152,874
9170,8

Massa por
Comprimento
de Tubulao
(kg/m)
0,283
0,357
0,462
0,492
0,626
0,804
0,626
0,849
1,102
0,804
0,998
1,266
1,624
1,951
2,547
1,028
1,281
1,683
2,190
2,890
3,634
1,296
2,085
2,502
3,232
4,230
5,452
1,653
2,696
3,381
4,469
5,601
7,760
1,907
3,113
4,051
5,407
7,239
9,548
2,398
3,932
5,437
7,477
11,112
13,450
3,694
5,258
8,624
11,410
14,910
20,406
4,513
6,450
11,290
15,267
21,315
27,675
5,183
7,403
13,569
18,634
5,839
8,356
16,072
22,313
28,315
33,544
41,021
9,473
11,573
21,777
30,952
40,276
49,094
57,420