Version 11.

Equipment Design

Training Manual

Equipment Design - Issue 18/10/04

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Contents

Contents
Session 1 ...................................................................... 1-1
The Principles of Building............................................................................1-1 Equipment ..................................................................................................1-1 Primitives ....................................................................................................1-1 Creating Equipment ....................................................................................1-2 Default Axes ...............................................................................................1-2 Equipment and Primitive Orientation ..........................................................1-2 Creating Primitives......................................................................................1-2 Setting Attributes ........................................................................................1-3 Size Attributes (Primitives)..........................................................................1-3 Positioning ..................................................................................................1-4 Positioning Using P-Points .........................................................................1-8 Orientation ..................................................................................................1-8 Orientate>Axes...........................................................................................1-9 Orientate>Rotate ......................................................................................1-10 Orientate>Primitive>Point.........................................................................1-10 LEVEL Attributes ......................................................................................1-11 Obstruction Attributes ...............................................................................1-11

Session 2 ...................................................................... 2-1

Building the Basic Structure........................................................................2-1 Exercise 1 (Create Pump P1501A).............................................................2-5 Exercise 2 (Copying Equipment) ................................................................2-8 Create Pumps P1502A & B ........................................................................2-9 Exercise 3 (Create Heat Exchangers) ......................................................2-10 Exercise 4 (Create/E1301) .......................................................................2-11 Creating Equipment from individual primitives ..........................................2-11 Exercise 5 (Create /C1101) ......................................................................2-14 Using Model Editor to Rotate a Nozzle typically N10................................2-15 Using Model Editor to Position Nozzle N12 ..............................................2-15 Exercise 6 (Create /D1201) ......................................................................2-18

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Equipment Design Issue 18/10/04

Session
The Principles of Building
Equipment

Equipment items consist of a collection of PDMS primitives, arranged in such a way that they physically model the real life object to some degree. When you build equipment, you need to decide how you want to model the object, just as you would if you were building a plastic model. The only difference in PDMS terms is that you model the object at full size rather than working to a scale.

Primitives
In order to build an equipment item, you first need to decide what types of primitives to use. As an example, the simple storage vessel shown below could be constructed from a cylinder for the main body, two dishes for the ends, two boxes for the support legs and a nozzle for the piping connection.

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The following topics are selected from the Design>Equipment bar menu, as shown below or from their submenus.

Creating Equipment
When you want to create new elements in the system, you can either use the Equipment application or commands at the command line. Creating elements using the equipment applications can be done in several ways. For equipment itself, you can either use the Create>Equipment menu to create an empty equipment element, or you can select one of the standard items by selecting the Create>Standard option on the bar menu. The Create>Equipment option presents you with a form for the name, position and certain other attributes while the Create>Standard option takes you through a series of steps, which allow you to build a parameterised equipment based on a specification of standard equipment types. During the course, you will use both the Create>Equipment and the Create>Standard options.

The Axis System

After you have decided how to represent an equipment item with the appropriate primitives, you need to consider both the orientation of the equipment itself and that of its primitives.

Default Axes
In PDMS, each element has a default orientation. If you refer to the primitives shown in Appendix A, you will see that they all lie in a particular orientation with respect to the axis system labelled X, Y and Z. These axes relate to the World co-ordinates as follows:
X = EAST Y = NORTH Z = UP -X = WEST -Y = SOUTH -Z = DOWN Z Y X

Equipment and Primitive Orientation

When you plan the layout of your equipment, you will need to make some decisions about orientation. The first major decision will be to fix equipment north, that is, where north is in relation to the equipment drawing. When you are considering this, it is usually best to try and build the equipment in such a way that it does not need to be orientated within the Zone. .

Creating Primitives
Create>Primitives menu. Simply selecting the correct option creates each of the primitives in this section. For example, if you select a box, the box creation form is shown on the screen and you are invited to enter the appropriate attributes. When you have filled in the form, selecting OK creates the new box.

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Setting Attributes
All new elements may need to have some or all of their attributes changed from their defaults. The four main ones on a cylinder, for example, are: HEIGHT DIAMETER POSITION ORIENTATION A new cylinder has, by default, zero length and diameter, so its HEIGHT and DIAMETER attributes need to be set in order to give it size. After setting the size, you also need to set position and orientation attributes. There are other PDMS attributes that may be changed. We will now look at the different ways of setting or changing attributes.

Size Attributes (Primitives)

Sometimes, after you have created a primitive, you will want to change an attribute. This is achieved by using the Modify>Attributes menu, and re-specifying the attributes you want to change. Click on the attribute you want to change and this will display a form with the current setting, which can now be modified. OK to return the value back to the Attributes menu. Remember to OK the Attributes form. Alternatively, you can re-specify any attribute directly from the command line by entering the attribute type and its required setting. For example, the command HEIGHT 200 sets the HEIGHT attribute for the current element to 200mm.

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Positioning

There are three ways of setting the position attribute, Explicitly, Relatively or by using the Model Editor explained in the Basics & Functions manual. Selecting Position>Explicitly (AT) will display the following two forms. The first is the Positioning Control form. By default this appears at the top right on the main menu bar but can be dragged to any position on the screen. The Positioning Control Form (event-driven graphics) is shown automatically whenever you need to pick positions in event-driven graphics mode. It lets you specify how your cursor picks are to be interpreted as positions. The form has two option lists from which you can make the required selections: Option 1 Pick Type: Lets you control the types of items to which cursor picking will respond. As you move the cursor over the 3D View, only items of the specified type will be highlighted as the cursor passes over them. The identities of highlighted elements are shown in the prompt bar, immediately above the graphical view. The choices are: Any: Element: Aid: P-point: Screen: Graphics: You can pick any element, aid, P-line or P-point. Picking is restricted to elements. Picking is restricted to drawing aids. Picking is restricted to P-points. Lets you pick anywhere in the graphical view, which identifies two coordinates. The third co-ordinate is taken from the current Working Plane. Lets you pick any graphical element (including aids, construction pins, etc.) that is displayed in the view. Determines how the position will be derived from subsequent cursor picks. The currently selected mode is shown in the prompt bar. Note: Most of these options are mainly applicable to Steelwork

P-line: Picking is restricted to structural P-lines.

Option 2 Pick Method:

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The choices are:

Snap: Distance:

Selects the snap point nearest to the cursor pick point. Applies the offset value, which you enter in the adjacent text-box (e.g. 500 gives a point 500 mm from the nearest snap point, measured towards the cursor position; 500 gives a point 500 mm from the nearest snap point, measured away from the cursor position).

Mid-Point:

Derives the mid-point between two snap points along a linear item

Fraction:

Subdivides the distance between two snap points into a specified number of parts (as entered in the adjacent text-box). Then derives the fractional position closest to the cursor pick (e.g. 6 gives a point at the nearest sixth of the distance along the line joining the first snap point to the second snap point).

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Proportion:

Derives the point whose proportional position between two snap points has been entered in the adjacent text-box (e.g. 0.25 gives a point 25% along the line joining the first snap point to the second snap point).

Intersect: Cursor:

Lets you to pick two lines (any directional items) or three planes and then derives their intersection point. Places the derived point exactly where the cursor picks on the element. The second form that is displayed is the Position At as shown below.

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This form lets you position an element either by typing in co-ordinates or by reference to the position of another design item. Use of the Datum option allows identification of the specific point on the element to which the position is to apply, or to a Designate Position. If you choose the latter, you will be prompted to pick the position on the element using any of the facilities provided by the Positioning Control form. To define a position explicitly, enter the required co-ordinates in the East/West, North/South and Up/Down boxes, using the option buttons to set the appropriate direction in each case. If necessary, use the, WRT (with respect to) box to identify the element whose co-ordinate system is to be used for the Position data. To define a position by reference to existing design items, use the Positioning Control form and the cursor to identify the required positions by picking them in a graphical view. If required, use the Lock buttons to fix the current co-ordinate along any axis. To position another element, use the Select menu options to change the focus of the form. Use the CE or Owner option if you have already navigated to the required item, or use the Pick or Pick Owner option and then pick the required item when prompted. The form will display the current position and you can then change any part of this by entering new values. The position you give will be relative to the Datum, which may be the Origin or a selected ID Design point. Selecting Position>Relatively (BY)... will display the following menu, as well as the Position control menu described earlier.

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The values you give will position the item by that amount relative to its origin.

Positioning Using P-Points

All the PDMS primitives have a number of predefined points on their surfaces known as p points. For example, a cylinder has three ppoints, P0 (the origin), P1 and P2 at either end. P0 is normally used for general positioning whereas P1 and P2 are used for connecting or positioning relatively.

P1
z z P0 z
Z Y X

Origin of the element

P2

You can connect a ppoint on the current element to any other ppoint in the design. The act of connecting both positions and orientates the current element such that the two connected points are at the same position and facing each other.

Orientation
Like positioning, orientating items can be done in a number of ways. The Basics & Functions manual explains how to rotate items using Model Editor as this is the preferred way to orientate. However, for completeness, the next 2 pages explain the orientation available using the application menus. They split orientation into different categories for safety

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reasons, so that you do not inadvertently orient the equipment when you expected to orient a primitive. The menus are split as follows: Orientate>Axes Orientate>Rotate Orientate>Primitive>Point

Orientate>Axes
This option is used for orientating Equipment and Primitives. Some elements such as SCTNs cannot be orientated using this form, and the system will signal an error and ignore the command.

The default orientation for any element is Y is North and Z is Up. With this orientation, the X axis can only be East. If we apply an orientation of Y is North 45 East, the Z axis is allowed to take its default value, so in effect we have done a single axis orientation.

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Orientate>Rotate
This option enables you to specify an angle of rotation about a given axis.

Orientate>Primitive>Point
This option allows you to orientate any of the ppoints of your current element.

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LEVEL Attributes
The LEVEL attribute defines the range of detailing levels at which the primitive is visible. For example, if you build an equipment item, you can display the primitives in layers 1-3, the base in layers 5-7 and the nozzles in layer 8-10. An example of how this works in Steelwork is that you might draw the centreline representation between, say, levels 0 and 5, and the full section between levels 6 and 10. The levels visible in DESIGN determine the picture you see. The current visible, levels are given by the Settings>Graphics>Representation menu.

Obstruction Attributes
All primitives in PDMS have an OBSTRUCTION attribute which can be set to 0, 1 or 2. This is used by the clash-checking utility, to determine the types of clash that the element could be involved in. The three values have the following meanings: OBST = 0 OBST = 1 OBST = 2 Any clashes with this object will be ignored. The object is considered to be a soft obstruction. The object is a hard obstruction, that is, it is solid.

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Session
Building the Basic Structure

This module includes all the fundamentals of Equipment building using practical exercises. Project 2000 started in this module is used in subsequent modules for other disciplines and principles. Basic input checking is also introduced here. The practical way of building the data structure is to place similar element types in individual zones so that they can be accessed in logical groups. For your design, the hierarchy should be something like; SITE /STABILIZER ZONE /EQUI.ZONE ZONE /PIPE.ZONE ZONE /STRU.ZONE ZONE /CIVIL.ZONE Containing all equipment items Containing all pipes Containing all structural items Containing the site base

When you select the Create>Site

or Create>Zone options you will be shown a form on the screen. Enter the name of the site or zone you want to create. Select and appropriate zone purpose for each zone and select the OK gadget on the form. Although SITES and ZONES could be positioned, we recommend that at this stage, you leave them at the default position of North 0 East 0 Up 0. REMEMBER: To create any element, you need to be positioned at the correct level

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in the hierarchy - so before you can create a zone, you must have a site. Once you have built the basic hierarchical structure, you need to start building actual physical objects to make up your design. The first of these is a simple box to form a site base upon which all of the rest of your design will be positioned. In practice, the site base would probably be much more complicated than the simple slab that we are proposing, but for now, this will form the Civils for our project.

The actual box, which will represent the site base, needs to be owned by an equipment element, which in turn belongs to a ZONE. For our purpose, we suggest that you create an equipment belonging to your civils zone. To do this, you will need to be using the Equipment application so that you can build an equipment item.

Create > Equipment You will need to calculate the POSITION of the Equipment Origin

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Create Primitive - BOX

You will obviously need to calculate the length, width and position of the box. Checking the Slab Position You will need to know how to check that it is correct when you have built it. The method of checking is as follows. From the above diagram, you can see that each of the box edges is labelled with a single co-ordinate. You can check this co-ordinate by checking the position of the appropriate ppoint, which is associated with each of the edges. The PPOINTS for all elements are given in appendix A. Those for a box are reproduced as follows for convenience.

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The PPOINTS are in the centre of each face apart from the origin of the box, P0, which is in the centre of the box. The way of checking the box PPOINTS is to use the Query>General menu and select the PPOINTS option to check each of the individual points in turn. By default, all querying will be done relative to the equipment, but you can select world, site or zone options as well. For this exercise, you should query the PPOINTS in World co-ordinates, to make sure that they are correctly positioned. Any mistakes made during this exercise need to be corrected. The errors you are likely to have made will only be in the areas of position, size or orientation, so you should try to use the appropriate menus to make corrections.

Savework
If you have just completed the exercise above, you will probably be keen to make sure that you save the results, so that you dont have to do it again. Any work that you do during a design session is automatically saved when you leave DESIGN The Savework option allows you to save the results of your efforts without having to leave DESIGN. Whenever you complete a significant amount of work, we recommend that you use Savework. Select Design>SaveWork from the main bar menu.

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Exercise 1 (Create Pump P1501A)

This exercise is designed to familiarise you with the Standard Equipment Application by building and positioning the set of four pumps: /P1501A, /P1501B and /P1502A, /P1502B. First, you will build the two pumps /P1501A and /P1501B using the following procedure: In DESIGN with the Equipment Application selected Make the Equipment Zone your Current Element (/EQUI.ZONE) Select Create> Standard from the bar menus Enter the name of the pump on the equipment creation form P1501A. From the CADC Standard Equip specification, select Standard Pumps Centrifugal Pumps Centreline Mounted Centreline mounted tangential outlet (PUMP005)

Click the Properties button and enter the required values into the equipment properties form.

For this first exercise, (the purpose of which is to get used to the Equipment application), it is not necessary to work out the dimensions from the drawing, these are as follows: A=1390, B=510, C=154, D=155, E=340, F=180, G=545, H=70, J=135 When you have completed the dimensions, press OK to accept the values.

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Select the Apply button to accept the choice and to position the equipment using the EDG.

On the Positioning Control form that appears in the top right of the screen, select the button and enter the position. positioning explicit W 312660 N 303300 U 100645 and press Apply to instruct the event (EDG) to position the equipment. When entering the (W) coordinate it will be (-E) in the positioning form.

Kill the Explicit Position Form using X, the Create Standard Equipment Form can be Dismissed using Dismiss. Having positioned the pump, the orientation of the pump needs rotating 180 degrees. Use Model Editor to do this. Select Model Editor mode either by clicking the button on the Model Editor Toolbar or by using the menu Edit>Model Editor.

Select the pump to display the Locator Handle and using the Y Rotation Handle turn the equipment 180 degrees. Alternatively, select Edit>Rotate Selection>About enter a value of 180 and select OK. Use the Modify>Attributes form and fill in the Equipment description and the attributes below and press the Apply button. FUNCTION PAINT SPEC (PTSPEC) INSCHEDULE REFLUX PUMP N/A N/A

The equipment attributes will be used later when you learn about database reporting. If you cannot think of an appropriate set of titles for these, we suggest the above. When you are satisfied, press the Apply and Dismiss the form. Note: Modify > Properties can be used at any time to change the sizes of the Equipment.

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We now need to name the nozzles and set the nozzle specification. With the Equipment Application Form set to Element probe the nozzles in turn to change their names and specification To set the nozzle name use the Modify>Name from the menu bar

To modify the nozzle size and rating, use Modify>Nozzle Specification to set the required Bore size and specification.

The nozzles are SUCTION DELIVERY P1501A-N1 P1501A-N2 100NB 50NB #300 RAISED FACE #300 RAISED FACE

Check that the PPOINTS for the Nozzles on the Pumps correspond with the Equipment Arrangement drawing. Remember this is done using Query > General, check the position of /P1501A-N1 P1.

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Exercise 2 (Copying Equipment)

Rather than repeat the previous exercise, we can use the copy facilities in the equipment application to create pump /P1501B. The copy facilities can be accessed from the Create> Copy>Offset menu. (Providing of course that your current element is still /P1501A.) The following form will be displayed.

By selecting the Offset menu you can choose that the offset is any of the following: from Element > to Element from Design Point > to Design Point from Pline > to Pline From Edge > to Edge or a mixture of each. The Object to copy can be CE, List or Pick. The to option can be CE or Rel. which means relative (the same position in the hierarchy as the copied item). Input the distance between the equipment origins. -1830mm in the OFFset X box, then hit Apply and Dismiss. Use Modify>Name to change the name of the pump to P1501B, and the nozzles to P1501B-N1 and P1501B-N2 Check that the PPOINT for the Suction Nozzle corresponds with the Equipment Arrangement drawing.

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Create Pumps P1502A & B

Now create the other two pumps /P1502A and /P1502B. This time you will need to calculate the positions and dimensions from the drawing. Use the pump type - Centreline mounted with vertical offset nozzles (PUMP 006) Check that the PPOINTS for the Nozzles on the Pumps correspond with the Equipment Arrangement drawing.

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Exercise 3 (Create Heat Exchangers)

After creating the Pumps, create the two stacked exchangers, /E1302A and /E1302B. These can be built using the standard equipment items with box supports. The standard option of heat exchangers, Dished and flanged with nozzles (EXCH 005) should be selected.

Remember to set the Exchanger Support before selecting Apply on the properties form. You should have no problems in building these two following the detail drawings provided. The standard supports should be used to construct the basic equipment. Build one exchanger and then use copy for the other. The Nozzles should be rotated and the sizes checked. The support Sub Equipment should be copied to form the double height saddle on the lower exchanger E1302A. Check that the PPOINTS for the Nozzles on the Exchanger correspond with the Equipment Arrangement drawing.

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Exercise 4 (Create/E1301) Creating Equipment from individual primitives

The next building exercise is to build Reboiler /E1301 and stabilizer /C1101 using the primitives bar menu to create and set the primitive attributes.

When you build any equipment item in PDMS you need to make three decisions before you begin. Firstly, you need to define an origin point about which all of the primitives will be placed Secondly, you need to decide on the direction or orientation of the equipment Thirdly, you need to decide on the number and types of primitive to use. Find your drawing of /E1301. When you start designing this you would probably choose one of two origin points. Your first choice may well be the base of one of the support legs, so that you can position the exchanger on top of a steelwork member. Your second choice may well be along the centreline of the cylinders in line with nozzles N1 and N2. This second choice may not appear as logical as the first, except for the fact that this is the point dimensioned to on the plant layout drawing. This means you do not need to do any further calculations to find the equipment position.

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As for the orientation, there is little point in building the piece of equipment in one axis and then reorienting it after it is complete. You might as well build it in the correct orientation in the first place. Therefore, looking at the arrangement drawing, you will see that /E1301 lies with its flanged end to the south, and its dished end to the north. This is the orientation we will use for the primitives. The next task is to decide on how you would represent the exchanger in the PDMS model. If you refer to the drawing of /E1301 you will see that you could use quite a number of primitives to represent it. In fact, taking all of the individual cones, cylinders and boxes, we could use up to 31 primitives to represent this equipment. However by combining some of the primitives and not being so detailed, we can reduce this number to 13 or 14. Whenever you are looking at how to build a piece of equipment, you should always look at creating the minimum number of primitives, while still enclosing the overall obstruction. Another way of looking at this would be to imagine the sort of model that a plastic model maker would build for the same piece of equipment. The drawing below should give you an idea of how /E1301 should look.
3 13 4 12 2 9 1 14

Origin Point

6 5 8 11 7 10

Sequence of building To begin building the reboiler, first select Create>Equipment . . . from the Main menu. This will display a form, which allows you to input a name and position for the equipment. Give the name as E1301 and the position as N296950 W319150 U101470

Now select the Create>Primitives . . . form, as shown below, to build up your equipment.

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From the Create option you may choose Solid or Negative, which means a primitive may represent a hole in a solid object. Select the other option button (displayed here as Nozzle) to select the type of primitive you wish to create.

Build the equipment to the dimensions shown on the drawings. Check that the PPOINTS correspond with the Equipment Arrangement drawing. Tip: Use the Model Editor to make any fine adjustments to complete the reboiler.

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Exercise 5 (Create /C1101)

Now it is time to build /C1101. This is a similar exercise to the previous one, except you will be left on your own to complete it. Most of the nozzles can be positioned and orientated using the create nozzle form. Also, make use of the copy and rotate form. There is just one complication in this exercise, which is the orientation and position of the nozzle on top of the tower nozzle N12. There are 2 examples below. The first is showing how to rotate nozzles with Model Editor and the second is positioning NOZZ N12.

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Using Model Editor to Rotate a Nozzle typically N10

Typical sequence of events would be as follows: Set the view direction to be Plan North. Create a copy of a nozzle and name it C1101-N10. Select Model Editor mode either by clicking the button on the Model Editor Toolbar or by using the menu Edit>Model Editor. Click C1101 and select Edit Equipment from the shortcut menu. Select Nozzle N10. With Feature Snapping On move the pointer over any primitive in the centre of the tower and right click and select Move Handle Here. This will allow the nozzle to be rotated about the centre of the tower.

With the Rotation Handle now over the centre of the tower the Nozzle can be rotated either by dragging the Z Rotation Handle to the desired orientation or by right click and entering the required value. Position the

Using Model Editor to Position Nozzle N12

Typical sequence of events would be as follows: After positioning N5 at the top of the tower, create a copy, move it up by 100 (to allow it to be easily selected) and name it N12. Select a Plan view North and in Model Editor mode select Edit>Equipment and pick the new nozzle N12.

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With the pointer on the Z Rotation Handle right click and select Align With

Enter a value of E45S and select OK. Use the Preview button first to check your selection and press OK when you are happy it is correct.

With the pointer on the Z Linear Direction handle right click and select Enter Value

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Enter a value of 250 and select OK. Use the Preview button first to check your selection and press OK when you are happy it is correct. This will move the nozzle 250mm in a direction of E45S giving the correct W and N position.

To complete the positioning of the nozzle it will be required to be moved down. From the origin position of the EQUI the elevation of the nozzle is calculated as U22611 by adding the values on the drg. The elevation of N5 is U22687. So the difference is 76 mm plus the 100mm that was added during the copy. With the pointer on the X Linear Direction handle right click and select Enter Value Enter 176 and OK. Exit Equipment Editor. To complete the nozzle modify the nozzle spec and select bore size of 50mm

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Exercise 6 (Create /D1201)

If time, create the last equipment in a similar manner to the two previous items. Otherwise, a macro to build the items can be read in using !!traRunMacro(d1201.pmlmac)

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