JpÀ-B³ ]mTw sI ]n kI-cn¿

A¯IvhoÀ
kqcysâ acWw
Wp-¶t - ]mse t\m¡n-¡m-Wp-hm³ Bsc-¦nepw CjvS-
s¸-Sp-¶p-sh-¦n ,äQƒc ¢ùª°ûdG GPG ,äô£ØfG Aɪ°ùdG GPGh
â≤°ûfG Aɪ°ùdG GPEGh F¶o kqd-¯p-IÄ HmXn-s¡m-Å-
s«. (XnÀanZn 3256)
]Z-hn-iI
- e
- \w
¢ùª°ûdG GPG kqcy-\m-Ip-t¼mÄ, äQƒc kt¦m-Nn-¨W - b
- p-
kqcy³ kt¦m-Nn-¨W - ªv t]mIp-t¼mÄ. \£- ¶Xv, ΩƒéædG GPEGh \£-{X-§-fm-Ip-t¼mÄ, äQ~µfG
{X-§Ä DXnÀ¶p-ho-gp-t¼mÄ. ]Àh-X§ - Ä k©- DXnÀ¶p-ho-gp-¶Xv, ∫ÉÑ÷G GPEGh ]Àh-X§ - f - m-Ip-t¼mÄ,
cn-¸n-¡s
- ¸-Sp-t¼mÄ. KÀ`w-Xn-Iª H«-I§ - Ä Dt]- äÒ°S k©-cn-¡s- ¸-Sp-t¼mÄ, QÉ°û©dG GPEGh KÀ`w XnIª
£n- ¡ - s ¸- S p- t ¼mÄ, Im«p- P - ´ p- ¡ Ä Hcn- S ¯v H«-I§ - f - m-Ip-t¼mÄ, â∏£Y Dt]-£n-¡s - ¸-Sp-t¼mÄ,
Hs¯m-cp-an-¡p-t¼mÄ. IS-ep-IÄ¡v Xo ]nSn-¡p- ¢TƒMƒdG GPEGh Im«p-P´ - m-Ip-t¼mÄ, äô°ûM Hs¯m-
- p-¡f
t¼mÄ, Bßm-¡Ä Ah-bpsS PU-§-fp-ambn cp-an-¡s- ¸-Sp-t¼mÄ, QÉëÑdG GPEGh IS-ep-I-fm-Ip-t¼mÄ,
CW-¡s - ¸-Sp-t¼mÄ (A-¯IvhoÀ 1þ7) äôé°S Xo ]nSn-¡-s¸-Sp-t¼mÄ, ¢SƒØædG GPEGh Bßm-
¡Ä BIp-t¼mÄ, âLhR CW-¡s - ¸-Sp-t¼mÄ.
BapJw 1. äQƒc F¶ ]Z-{]-tbm-Ks
- ¯-¸än X^vkodpÂ
a¡n-¿mb Cu A[ym-b¯ - n 29 kqà-§f - S - §
- p- Jmkn-\n ]d-bp-¶Xv C{]-Im-ca
- m-Wv.
¶p. Cu A[ymbw ]c-tem-Iw, {]hm-NI - Xzw F¶o
hnj-b-§Ä hni-I-e\w sN¿p-¶p. {]]-©-\m-i-
¯nsâ {]Y-a-L-«s¯ hnh-cn-¨p-sIm-v Bcw-`n-¡p-
¶p. kqcy³, \£-{X-§Ä, ]Àh-X§ - Ä F¶n-h¡ - p-
- m - I p¶ ]cn- W maw Nq- n - ¡ m- W n- ¡ p- ¶ p. X§Ät¡-
ähpw hne-]n-Sn-¸p-Åh P\-§Ä Dt]-£n-¡p-Ibpw ]c-
kv]cw ISn-¨p-Io-dp¶ Im«p-P´ - p-¡Ä hnlz-eX - b- m ""C_v\p Aºm-kv(-d) ]dªp: Ccp-- Xm-¡-s¸-«mÂ,
H¶n-¨p-Iq-Sp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. Pe kw`-Wn-bmb kap- AW-bp-t¼mÄ, F¶n-§s - \. asämcp A`n-{]mbw ]d-
{Z-§Ä I¯n-¸-S-cp-¶-Xn-s\bpw ]cm-aÀin-¡p-¶p. b-s¸-«Xv A{]-Xy-£am-Ip-t¼mÄ F¶m-Wv. Xe-¸mhv
kzi-co-c§ - f
- n Bßm-hvIq-Sn-t¨À¶v hnNm-cW - b - psS Npcp-«n-sh-¡p-¶X - p-t]mse s]mXn-bpI F¶pw ]d-b-
\mfn Hcp-an-¨p-Iq-Sp-¶X - nsâ Nn{Xw hc-¨p-Im-Wn-¡p- s¸-«n-«p--v. XIvhodnsâ ASn-Øm\ Bibw H¶v
¶p. XpSÀ¶v {]hm-NI - X - z-¯nsâ km[p-Xb - n-te¡v asäm-¶n-t\mSv Iq«n tNÀ¡pI F¶m-Wv. ]n¶o-SXv
hncÂNq--p-¶p. AÃmlp \evIp¶ k·mÀK-¯nsâ kt¦m-Nn-¡p-¶p. AtXm-Sp-IqSn AXnsâ {]Imiw
shfn¨w Dt]-£n¨p \mi-¯n-te¡v IpXn-¡p-¶X - nsâ \jvSs - ¸-Sp¶p.'' (Jmkn³ 6:225)
\ncÀY-IX t_m[yw-hc - p¯n Cu A[ymbw kam-
]n-¡p-¶p. Cu kqd-¯nsâ {]m[m\yw hyà-am- 2. Q~µfG F¶ ]Z-¯nsâ AÀYw C_v\p IkoÀ
¡p¶ Hcp lZokv C{]-Im-ca - m-Wv: (-d) C{]-Imcw tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p: äÌàfG …CG ""DXnÀ¶p-
ho-gp-t¼mÄ.'' (C_v\p-Ik - oÀ 8:329)

3. QÉ°û©dG F¶ ]Z-s¯-¸än Camw iu¡m-\n(-d)

tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p:

""\_n ]dªp: Jnbm-a-Xp-\m-fns\ I®p-sIm-p Im-

26
]pkvXIw 32 | e¡w 36 | 2009 G{]n 17
""KÀ`n-Wn-bmb H«-I§ - Ä F¶ÀYw. Cu hm¡nsâ Ahsb Dt]-£n-t¨m-Sp¶p a\p-jyÀ. ImSp-If - n ISn-
GI-hN - \w AGô°ûY F¶m-Wv. ]¯v amkw XnI-ª- ¨p-Iodn sIm¶pw Xn¶pw Pohn-¡p¶ Im«p-P´ - p-¡Ä
h-bm-Wh - . {]k-hw-hsc Cu t]cn-ed - n-bs- ¸-Sp-¶p. Ch ]cn-{`m-´c - mbn ]c-kv]cw H¯p-IqSn Hcn-S¯v AÔm-
{]tXyIw FSp-¯p-]d - ª- Xv Ad-_n-If - psS Gähpw fn-¨p-\n-ev¡p-¶p.
hne-¸n-Sn-¸pÅ [\-§f - n-sem-¶m-WnXv F¶-Xn-\m-em- XIn-Sw-ad - n-bp¶ Imem-hØ - b
- psS cq]m-´c - ¯
- mÂ
Wv.'' (^XvlpÂJZoÀ 7:426) IS-en-\p ap-If - n I\¯ sImSp-¦m-äp-IÄ \r¯-am-
Sp-¶p. Imänsâ I\¯ B{I-aW - ¯ - n Pe-Xp-Ån-
4. äôé°S F¶ {]tbm-Ks
- ¯-¸än Camw C_v\
- p-I- IÄ hnL-Sn-Xa - mbn XoPzm-eI - Ä ]S-cp-Ib - m-bn. ISÂ
koÀ(-d) ]d-bp¶p: I¯p¶ `oI-cm-\p-`-hw. CsXÃmw temIm-h-km-\-
¯nsâ AXn-`b - m-\I- a
- mb cwK-§f - psS hmKvabm-hn-
jvIm-c-§-fm-Wv. XpSÀ¶v ac-W-¯nsâ \n{Z-bnÂ
ab¡wsImÅp¶ ico-c§ - sf Ah-bpsS Bßm-hp-
""C_v\p Aºm-kv(d- ) ]dªp: AÃmlp kap-{Z-¯n\v IÄ hnfn-¨p-WÀ¯p-Ib - m-bn. Ah H¶m-bn-t¨À¶v
apI-fn ]Sn-ªm-d³ Imäns\ Agn-¨p-hn-Sp-¶p. Fgp-t¶-äp-hc - n-Ib - m-bn. hnNm-cW - b - psS Xncp-ap-ät - ¯-
At¸mÄ AXn\v Xo ]nSn-¡p-¶p. A§s\ AXv ¡v. alviÀ `qhn-te-¡v.
ià- a mb Aán kv ^ penw- K - § - f m- b n- ¯ o- c p- ¶ p. kqcy-s\-t¸m-epÅ \£-{X-§-fn \S-¡p-¶Xv
(C_v\p-Ik
- oÀ 8:331) t{]mt«m¬-þt - {]m-t«m¬ irwJem {]hÀ¯-\a - m-Wv.
kqcy\pw aäp \£-{X-§fpw ¹mkvam-hØ - b
- n-em-Wv.
5. âLhR F¶Xns\-¸än Camw iu¡m\n tcJ- Cu AXyp-¶X - a - mb Xm]m-hØ - b
- nepw aÀZ-¯nepw
s¸-Sp-¯n-bXv C{]-Im-ca
- m-Wv. \mev ssl{U-P³ AWp-tI-{µ-§Ä tNÀ¶v Hcp
loenbw AWp-tI{µw cq]w-sIm-Åp-¶p. Cu kµÀ`-
¯n \jvSs - ¸-Sp¶ {Zhyw DuÀP-cq-]¯ - n {]Xy-
£-s¸-Sp-¶p. kqcy-\n Hmtcm sk¡ânepw 45 e£w
S¬ ssl{U-P³ loen-b-am-bn-am-ä-s¸-«p-sIm--n-cn-¡p-
¶p. HSp-hn ssl{U-P³ I¯n Fcn-ªp-Xo-cpw.
kqcy-\nse ssl{U-P³ apgp-h³ I¯n Fcn-ªp-
""Bßm-hp-IÄ ico-c-§-fn-te¡v tNÀ¡-s¸-SpI Xo-cm³ Bbncw tImSn hÀjw thWw. CXmWv
F¶ÀYw. lk³(-d) ]d-ªp. Hmtcm hyànbpw kqcym-bp-Êv. CXnÂ\n¶v F¯n-t¨-cm-hp¶ \nK-a\w
Xsâ I£n-bn-te¡v tNÀ¡-s¸-SÂ. blq-Zn-IÄ kqcy³ 450 tImSn hÀjw {]mb-apÅ a[y-hb - k - vI-
blp-Zn-If - n-te-¡v, {InkvXym-\n-IÄ {InkvXym-\n-If- n- \m-sW¶pw _ln-cm-Imi temI¯v asäm¶pw kw`-
te-¡v, Aán-bm-cm-[-IÀ Aán-bm-cm-[-I-cn-te-¡v, hn-¨n-«n-sÃ-¦n AXv C\nbpw 550 tImSn hÀjw-IqSn
AÃmlp AÃm-¯h - sc Bcm-[n-¨h
- À Hmtcm-cp-¯cpw Pohn-¡p-sa-¶p-am-Wv. \£-{X-§Ä¡v P\-\hpw ac-
aäp-Nn-ec
- p-ambn tNÀ¡s¸-Sp¶p. I]-S· - mÀ I]-S·
- m- W-hp-ap-s-¶v hni-Zo-I-cn-¨Xv kp{_lvaWyw N{µ-
cn-te¡pw hnizm-kn-IÄ hnizm-kn-I-fn-te-¡pw.'' ti-JÀ Bbn-cp-¶p. \½psS kqcy³ I¯n-sb-cnªv
(^XvlpÂJZoÀ 7:427) Ah-km\w shÅ-¡p-ų (white Dwarf) Bbn-¯o-
cpw. {]ikvX `uXnI imkv{X-Ú-\mb tPmÀPv
Bibw Kmtamhv Xsâ The Birth and Death of the sun F¶
`qan-bnse Poh-kÔ - m-cW - ¯
- n-¶m-hi - y-amb DuÀP- IrXn-bn tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bX - nsâ kmcw C{]-Imcw
hpw shfn-¨hpw {]Zm\w sN¿p¶ A£b tPymXn- hmbn-¡mw. ""\nc-´-c-am-bn-lo-en-b-ambn amdn-s¡m--n-
ÊmWv kqcy³. kqcy³ AW-ªm PohnXw \ne- cn-¡p¶ ssl{U-Psâ Ie-hd - b- mWv kqcysâ AI-
¨p. {]Ir-Xn-LS - \ XInSw adn-bpw. kqcy-t\bpw \£- ¯fw. apgp-h³ ssl{U-P\pw I¯n-¯o-cp-t¼mÄ
{X-§-sfbpw knwlmk\-س \nb-{´-W-hn-t[-b- AXn-\I - ¯v \S-¡p¶ Xm] BWh {]{Inb Ah-
am¡n \nÀWnX ]Y-§-fn-eqsS k©-cn-¸n-¨p-sIm--n- km-\n-¡pw. AtXmsS AXv At§-bäw arX-{]m-b-
cn-¡p-¶p. Cu Ka-\¯ - n\v \nÝn-Xa - mb Hcp ka-b- ambn¯ocpw (t]Pv 140). 25 Znh-kw-sIm--v {`Whpw
ko-a-bp--v. kqcysâ ]cn-Wmaw AXv kt¦m-Nn-¡p- 26 tImSn -sImÃw sIm-v ]cn-{I-a-Whpw \S¯n ]c-
¶-Xnepw AW-ªp-t]m-Ip-¶X - nepw Iem-in-¡p-¶X - m- ¡w ]mªp-sIm--n-cn-¡p¶ Pohsâ DuÀP-hm-ln-
Wv. CtX-Xp-SÀ¶v Xmdp-am-dm-Ip¶ {]]-©L - S - \
- b- n \n-bmb kqcysâ Np¡n-¨p-fn-bepw AW-ªp-t]m-
\£-{X-§Ä {`a-W-]-Yw-hn«v NnX-dn-ho-gp-I-bm-bn. ¡p-a-S-§p¶ Zmcp-W-amb A´yw {]]© \mi-
`qanbnep-m-Ip¶ ]cn-Wm-a-¯n ama-e-IÄ s\t«m- ¯nsâ D{K-amb L«w Xs¶-bm-Wv.
«-tam-Sp-I-bm-bn. ]Àh-X-§-fpsS ]c¡w]m¨n-en tImSm-\p-tImSn KmeIvknI-fp-sS-ka - q-la - mWv {]]-
`qan¡v apI-fn-ep-Ås - XÃmw XIÀ¶p-Xc - n-¸W
- a- m-Ip-¶p. ©w. Hmtcm KmeIvknbnepw sNdpXpw hep-Xp-amb
`oI-ca - mb Cu L«-¯n `qan-bnÂ\n¶v kzÀW-Iq- tImSm-\p-tIm-Sn-\£ - {- X-§Ä. sam¯w 10,000 tImSn
¼m-c§- Ä DbÀ¶p-h¶ - mepw a\p-jy³ Ah Dt]-£n- Kme-Ivkn-I-sf-¦nepw Ds--¶m-Wv IW-¡m-¡-s¸-«n-
t¨m-Sp¶p. AXn-te¡v hnc Nq-p-¶-XmWv Ad- «p-ÅXv. tXtPm-a-b-§-fmb A\-´-tImSn \£-{X-
_n-If - psS a\-Ên Gähpw hne-s¸-«Xpw hne-]n-Sn- §Ä Ah-bpsS {`a-W-]-Y-§Ä hn«v sX¶n-amdn
¸p-ÅX - p-amb ]¯p-amkw KÀ`n-Wn-bmb H«-I§ - Ä. DXnÀ¶p-ho-gp¶ cwKw F´p-am{Xw `oI-ca - m-bn-cn-¡pw.
Ah¡v t\sc Xncn-ªp-t\m-¡p-It - ]mepw sN¿msX `qan AXnsâ \navt¶m-¶-Xn-IÄ sIm-mWv ka-
27
]pkvXIw 32 | e¡w 36 | 2009 G{]n 17
Xp-e\w \ne-\nÀ¯p-¶-Xv. `qKÀ` imkv{X-¯n ¯nsâ hnh-c-W-§-fpsS DÖz-eXbpw bpàn-`-{Z-
AXn\v Isostasy (k´p-enX-Xzw) F¶v ]d-bp-¶p. Xbpw Cu kqà-§f - nseÃmw \nd-ªp-\n-ev¡p-Ib - m-
`qanbpsS D]-cn-Xe - ¯- n ASn-ªp-IqSp¶ ]ZmÀY- Wv. AXn\v ]n¶mse a\p-jyÀ ho-pw ico-cm-ßm-
§- f psS aÀZwaqew `qan- b psS t¹äp- I - f n- e p- - m b hp-If
- psS H¯p-tN-ce- n-eqsS hnNm-cW
- b
- psS tImS-
k½ÀZ- a mWv \qäm- - p - I - f n- e qsS ]Àh- X - § sf Xn¡v ap¼n kwL-§f - mbn hs¶-¯p-¶p. AXn-
DbÀ¯n- s ¡m- - p - h - ¶ Xv . Bg- a pÅ InS- § p- I Ä \m Hmtcm Ime-Snbpw AXoh kq£vaX - t
- bmsS
asämcp `mK¯v cq]-s¸«p \nev¡p-¶p. Cu DbÀ¨bpw apt¼m«v sh¡p-I.
XmgvNbpw IqSn `qan-bpsS k´p-e\w \ne-\nÀ¯p-
¶p. ]Àh-X§ - f - psS \ne-\nev]v `qKp-cp-Xzm-IÀjWw
kqcysâ ]cnW
- maw
JpÀ-B³ kqcy³ \nÝn-Xa - mb Hcp koa-bn-te¡v
hyXym-ks - ¸-SmsX \nev¡p-¶X - n\v klm-bn-¡p-¶p.
k©-cn-¡p-I-bm-sW¶v Nq-n-¡m-Wn-¡p¶p: ""kqcy-
]Àh-X§Ä k©-cn-¡m³ XpS-§n-bm `qan-bpsS
³ AXn\v Ønc-am-bpÅ Hcp Øm\-t¯¡v k©-
apI-fn-epÅ h³InS sI«n-S§ - fpw aäpw XIÀ¶p-X- cn-¡p-¶p. {]Xm-]nbpw kÀh-Ú\ - p-amb AÃm-lp
cn-¸W - a - m-Ip¶ AXn-`b - m-\I- a- mb cwKw cq]-s¸-Spw.
IW-¡m¡nbXm-Wv. (bm-ko³ 38)
X§Ät¡-ähpw {]nb-s¸-«h Dt]-£n-t¨m-Sp¶
a\p-jyÀ. ]c-kv]cw im{Xhw ]peÀ¯p¶ h\y-Po- \£{Xw DXnÀ¶phogp-t¼mÄ
hn-IÄ t]Sn-¨-c-v \nÝ-e-cmbn Hcp-an-¨p-Iq-Sp-¶p. \£-{X-¯nsâ DXnÀ¶p hog JpÀ-B³ asäm-cp-
BtKm-fX - m-]\ - ¯- nsâ A\-´c - ^
- e
- a
- mbn {[ph- S¯v hnh-cn-¡p-¶p:
{]-tZ-i-§-fnse sFkv ]mfn-Ifpw lnam-\n-Ifpw
]qÀW-ambn DcpIn shÅ-ambn amdp-t¼mÄ BtKmf ""\£-{X-§Ä sImgnªp hogp-t¼mÄ.'' (C³^n-
Pehn-Xm\w C¶p-ÅX - n-t\-¡mÄ 80 aoä-dn-e[ - nIw Db- XzmÀ 2)
cm-hp-¶X - mWv. Imem-hØ XInSw adnªv sImSp-
¦m-äp-IÄ Bcw-`n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw. IS-ep-IÄ DbÀ¶v ]Àh-X§
- f- psS k©mcw
Ic-Ih - n-sªm-gpIn hnhn[ kap-{Z-§Ä H¶m-bn-t¨- ]Àh-X§
- s
- f k©-cn-¸n¨v `qan \nc-¸m-¡p¶ {]{In-
cp¶ Ah-Øbpw h¶ptN-cpw. kap-{Z-§Ä Ic-Ih - n- bsb kw_-Ôn¨v JpÀ-B³ hni-Zo-Ic - n-¡p-¶p:
sªm-gp-Ip¶Xns\-¸än kqd C³^nXzm-dn ]d-ªn-
«p--v. 1977 Â B{Ôm-Xo-c¯v Bª-Sn¨ sImSp-¦m-
äns\ XpSÀ¶p IS-en cq]-s¸« Aán-\m-f§ - Ä IS- "]Àh-X§
- s
- f \mw k©-cn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sXfnªv \nc-
ensâ Xo]n-Sn-¡e - n-\pÅ km£y-]{- X-am-Wv. ¸mb \ne- b n `qan \n\¡v ImWp- a m- d p- I bpw
tLmchpw `oXn-Z-hp-amb temIm-h-km\ L«- sN¿p¶ Znhkw' (AÂIlv^v 47) l

28
]pkvXIw 32 | e¡w 36 | 2009 G{]n 17