Methods to extract expert

knowledge to build computer

models
Long standing controversy as to whether or not highly
experienced experts are capable of articulating
knowledge that control their actions in complex Expert systems (AI and
situations cognitive science)
Skill acquisition theories (automation),
pattern recognition, and direct access of
actions
Representative tasks
Qualitatively different Standardised and controlled
representation and organisation of Reliably superior performance measurement
knowledge
on representative tasks in a Measurement of gradual
domain increases in performance
accumulated amount of deliberate
Deliberate action and practice is proportionate to level of
continuous refinementof performance
performance
can impact mediating mechanisms

Generalisable aspects of expertise Expertise as extrapolation of of

Expertise as contextually-based, intuitive (theoretical frameworks) everyday skill to extended
action that is difficult or impossible to experience
verbalise (tacit knowledge)

Elite achievement as a result

Expert performance is domain-specific, of superior learning Early instruction and support
with limited transfer outside environment Focus on objective achievement
domain
Systematic differences between
experts/novices almost always refelct Indvidual differences in
attributes acquired during training (innate) mental capacities
Measures of basic mental
capacities are not valid predictors
of expertise