Internal Systems e-Portfolio

Nikkatan Balakrishnan Mrs. Kaloshi SBI 3UE June 14th, 2013

Table of Contents: Concept Map.pg. 2 Artefact Picture...pg. 2 Artefact Reflection.pg. 3 Article Response -> Article 1pg. 4 & 5 -> Article 2pg. 6 & 7 Career Research -> Career 1...pg. 8 -> Career 2pg. 9 Canadian Scientist Reportpg.10 & 11 References...pg. 12

Unit Concept Map:

http://prezi.com/fbryvovulkyd/?utm_campaign=share&utm_medium=copy Colour BLUE RED YELLOW Topic Respiratory System Circulatory System Digestive System

Unit Artefact:

Unit Artefact:
This is a picture of the fetal pig dissection we recently did that happened over the span of two days. This picture shows me pinning down the left leg after the abdominal tissues were cut. I found this activity to be very exciting but partially disgusting. The first few minutes after we received the pig, I felt like throwing up, the small, the colour, and the knowledge of it still being a baby when it was killed. However after the abdominal was cut I found this activity more exciting than gross. The dissection process and locating the organs all were very exciting. This lab was to help us examine the organization of the organ systems that we studied in class this unit. Before the dissection we did station work on the respiratory system and the circulatory system; also we reviewed power points on the digestive systems to gain some knowledge of physical appearance so we dont go into the dissection clueless. This prior knowledge helped out as it was easier for us to locate items such as the heart and the gallbladder. I felt that this was probably the most important lab/activity we did in Biology. This unit was probably the hardest one to learn since it was taught within a span of a week and a half along with it occurring during final summative and exam times. This activity gave me a vivid insight on how our bodies work and an insight on how the systems look combined together. The dissection process also was significant because it gave me a hand on experience of some jobs that involve dissection. One of these jobs that I find interesting is Chief Medical Examiner. I found out about this job through shows like CSI and Hawaii Five-O, they are the people who examine the dead bodies and find out how the injuries occurred. They dissect the humans examine their vital organs and see what might have happened to the victim. Therefore this activity was very significant to me because for one helped me understand this very difficult unit better and also gave me an insight to a job I find interesting. I can partially apply this knowledge and experience to my real life. I dont see myself having to run a dissection on an animal or human anytime soon in the near future so therefore some of this knowledge and experience must be setback for a while however I do think the organization of the organs systems I learned about will come in handy. I now got an insight into how some of the organs are placed around the body even though there are differences between a pig and a human the location of the parts are somewhat similar. So if one of my body parts are aching I know what vital organs are near it. So when the doctor asks me where is it hurting I can sound smarter and give him a more better location which will again help me. Other than that some of the experience and knowledge that I gained from this activity cant be used in real life because these types of labs happen only in controlled areas, it is very unlikely for me to get a scenario with similar circumstances. As I said earlier I found this unit to be very hard to understand and learn. Most of the unit was self-taught and a lot of package work. I am not that kind of learner, I dont understand topics by reading packages and making notes, I like visuals and hands on activities. However; I know that this is how university will most likely be; a lot of self-teaching, textbook reading, and summarizing. Therefore, this activity helped me understand this unit better because it gave me a vivid picture of the organs systems, and how it was all connected.

Article (1) Response:

Summary: Just about a month ago the Human tissue Authority (HTA) realised a report that stated there were 104 socalled altruistic organ donations made in the year 2012, which is a staggering increase from 38 donations from the previous year. An altruistic organ donation is when someone donates their organ like the liver to someone else who they have never met or spoken to before. The HTA also stated that since this figure tripled from the previous year, altruistic donations mow make up one in every 12 living donations. If the total number of organ donations were to be totaled, including those given to friends and family members the number will rise from 1,217 to a staggering 1,243. However even with these tripled numbers there are currently still 10, 000 people still in need of organs transplants in the United Kingdom. And a recent figure released by the NHS blood and transport stated that 3 of those 10, 000 are dying daily. The HTA is now concerned with trying to get more donors and thinking of ways they can do so. Response: My views on this article can be totally viewed as hypocritical; because yes I think more people should be donating organs and how that can save numerous lives, however I did not make any donations nor do I plan to in the near future. I am under 18, so I cant decide to go and donate and organ; however if an adult authorizes my decisions then yes it can happen. This means I do have the resources to donate an organ but I have chosen not to. That is why I think my views will seem highly hypocritical because I think people should donate but I dont want to myself. When I got my G1 and the teller asked me if I want to make any organ donations when I am dead, I said Im not sure, and took the card but did not sign it. I guess what I am trying to emphasize is that yes I think more people should donate their organs because it can save lives all across the world, however if someone were to ask me to make an altruistic donation my answer will probably be no. Through the perspectives of a citizen and a student this affects me in similar ways. The disadvantage is that if I know someone who is in dire need of an organ transplant; he/she cant be treated until a suitable organ is found and transplanted. The advantage of this is it would push me to actually donate an organ or try to spread the word on donating organs. However, I also see it affecting the curriculum; anything major happening around the world that are cause death tolls and injuries is learned about or even talked about in school. So I do think teachers will start assigning students to find out about organs transplants and diseased that can affect them. Whether that is an advantage or disadvantage can only be determined through the eyes of the student himself. Through the perspectives of a professional in the field this is an advantage because there are an increase number of organs that are donated. This will help me treat my patients faster, potentially saving lives. The disadvantage is that there are still a large number of individuals that still need transplants and there are not as many available. 4

The next step for this article is to spread the word about organ donation. The NHS and the HTA organization should try to raise their awareness through social media websites. Our current society is very dependent on the internet. Not only teens, but majority adults using social media websites such as facebook, twitter, whatsapp, instagram, ect daily to find out about news among their friends and around the world. If the HTA can spread the word about organ donation through social media I am positive that there will be more people lined up to donated or at least help with the campaigning.

Article (2) Response:

Summary: It has been a well-known fact that Europeans Countries fare much better than North American when looking at the average health of the citizens. Europeans tend to eat multiple dishes with small servings that can span over 2 hours; whereas American tend to have 1-3 dishes with huge servings that can span only 30 minutes. However there have been some European Countries who are now crossing over to the unhealthy side. One of these countries is the United Kingdom. Health data for the last 20 years of 18 countries in Europe were compared and released in the Lancet. The UK has increased in death tolls in the categories of heart disease and stroke. Mr. Hunt who is responsible for the health policy in England said up to 30, 000 live could have been saved if England ate the way its European neighbours are. The five big avoidable killers for the UK is Heart disease, Cancer, Stroke, Lung disease, Liver disease. The England government has now made a new division called the Department of Health that came into act in April 2013 to find ways to reduce the death tolls from these causes. Response: This article relates to this unit because we are too learning about the human organ systems, their functions and how they are affected. This article talks about how heart disease and lung disease are killing UK citizens. An example of this is the Coronary heart disease, which occurs when the coronary arteries which carry blood to the heart muscles so they can work are blocked by plaque built up by fatty foods eaten. I totally agree with this article because I too think healthy foods can make our lives better. Since most of these diseases are avoidable I do think that small changes like food products available will help the fitness of the citizens and thus the death toll by these diseases will go down. This article also relates to my pervious article because if the fitness of an individual goes up the likely hood of their organs going bad will decrease. Through the perspective of a student I see an advantage and disadvantage. The disadvantage is that the future policies the Department of Health will set could eliminate food that I most likely enjoy. I also think that the foods that are high in calories will probably see an increase in price to make the average person stop eating them. The advantage of this is that the fitness of my body will go up due to the fact that unhealthy foods are unavailable or too expensive. Through the eyes of a citizen they share the common disadvantages and advantages of that of a student the unavailability of favourable quick, inexpensive foods. Through the perspectives of a professional I see this as just an advantage and no disadvantage. The Department of Health is most likely to set policies to make citizens come for regular checkups. This will increase my income due to the frequency of checkups. It will also make me feel better as a human because my patients are coming with better health. I dont have to subscribe new drugs and treatments; but rather just tell them to keep doing what they are doing.

Some of the policies I think the department of health should set are of course trying to limit the amount of unhealthy foods available. Another policy is to increase the price of unhealthy foods. One reason why people buy unhealthy foods is because it is cheaper. If the unhealthy foods price were to go up then people will think twice about buying them. I also think the department should limit the amount of cigarettes sold, or limit the areas when they can be lite. This can lower the chances of lung disease from first0hand smokers but most importantly second hand smokers. They should also make policies to make sure people come in for regular check-ups as that will tell them how their bodies are doing.

Career (1): Perfusionist

Description: Perfusionists assist surgeons during open-heart surgery by operating machines that function in place of the patients heart and lungs.

Core Tasks: Assemble the heart-lung machine in preparation for open-heart surgery Operate and adjust the machine during surgery Monitor patients vital signs Administer drugs, fluids, and blood products to patients as directed by doctors May assist surgeons during other types of operations, such as lung transplants

Workplace: Employed by hospitals Spend most of their time in operating rooms Usually work 40 hours a week, including some evenings and weekends The work can be stressful and mentally exhausting On their feet much of the time

Earnings: $26 to $45 an hour for most Earnings depend on employer, experience, and location

Education & Training: Post-secondary education in perfusion Must first become a respiratory therapist or registered nurse, or have a bachelors degree

Level of Education: Community College or Technical Training University

Attributes & Abilities: Able to concentrate for long periods of time Communication skills Work well as part of a team Able to remain calm under pressure Work well with your hands 8

Career (2): Respiratory Therapists

Description: Respiratory therapists help doctors diagnose and treat patients with breathing problems caused by lung diseases or medical emergencies.

Core Tasks: Use machines to assess patients breathing Take and analyze blood samples to measure the amount of oxygen in patients blood Use oxygen masks, tubes, and ventilators to treat patients who cant breathe on their own Record patient information and brief doctors Educate patients on how to deal with their respiratory problems

Workplace: Employed by hospitals, clinics, acute care facilities, sleep disorder labs, and home-care programs Usually work 35 to 40 hours a week May work evenings, nights, and weekends On their feet much of the time The work can be stressful

Earnings: $40,000 to $80,000 a year The average is between $60,000 and $70,000 a year Earnings depend on experience, education, employer, and location

Education & Training: A diploma or bachelors degree in respiratory therapy A licence to practise is required in many provinces

Level of Education: Community College or Technical Training University

Attributes & Abilities Patient Compassionate Physically fit Willing to continually upgrade skills 9

Canadian Scientist Dr. David M. Mutch- Assistant Professor

Email: dmutch@uoguelph.ca Office: ANNU 348 Ext: 53322 Lab: ANNU 308 Ext: 58015 Background: When he finished his undergraduate degree, he was offered an exciting opportunity to spend 6 months at the Nestl Research Centre in Switzerland. There he found out that Nestl does far more than just make good chocolate! Nestl introduced him to the exciting field of nutrigenomics, the study of diet-gene interactions and how nutrition can influence a persons health. This fascinating and rapidlyevolving field gave him the chance to integrate various scientific disciplines into his research, ranging from nutrition to molecular biology to functional genomics to bioinformatics. His initial 6 month position with Nestl ended up becoming a 6 year stay, which included doing his PhD in collaboration with the University of Lausanne. He then moved to a laboratory at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) in San Diego for a post-doctoral position. During his short time in San Diego, he discovered the power of metabolism and its utility for the study of obesity. He quickly recognized the potential of combining nutrigenomics and metabolomics for the study of human obesity. To obtain a greater understanding of this common metabolic disease, he moved to France for a second post-doctoral position with the Institut National de la Sant et de la Recherche Mdicale (INSERM). Here, he used gene expression and metabolite profiling to study the impact of both diet- and surgical-induced weight loss on adipose tissue function. A large component of his research was related to a European Project called DiOGenes, an acronym standing for Diet, Obesity and Genes. This multi-centre project reinforced to him that modern nutrition is a truly integrative science! In January 2009, he joined the Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences at the University of Guelph Education: B.Sc. Queens University (Canada) Ph.D. University of Lausanne ( Switzerland)

Research: Over the past thirty years the occurrence of both adult and childhood obesity has steadily increased to epidemic proportions. Lifestyle changes (i.e. caloric restriction and increased physical activity) remain the most common recommendation for controlling obesity; however, the rate of success is highly dependent on the individual.

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As such, alternate approaches must be considered and tested to fight obesity. Nutrigenomics is said to have a considerable impact on the prevention and treatment of obesity by recommending lifestyle modifications based on an individuals genetic information. Their research program is focused on understanding how dietary fats can affect adipose tissue function using several modern approaches such as: 1) Genetics - to determine whether mutations in genes are associated with obesity-related phenotypes, 2) Transcriptomics - to clarify how different dietary lipids affect gene expression and function 3) Metabolomics - to identify the effectiveness of dietary interventions in order to better personalize health management. These research topics will provide additional information to help understand why individuals respond differentially to dietary interventions.

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References:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Article (1) Canadian Scientist Career (1) Career (2) Article (2)

1. Briggs, Helen Briggs. "Altruistic organ donations rise in UK almost three-fold."BBC News Health. BBC news, 15 May 2013. Web. 14 June 2013. <www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-22544375 1>. 2. Mutch, David . "Dr. David M. Mutch | Faculty | Human Health & Nutritional Sciences | University of Guelph."University of Guelph. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 June 2013. <http://www.uoguelph.ca/hhns/people/faculty/mutch.shtml 3. Perfusionists. (n.d.). Career Cruising. Retrieved June 14th, 2013, from https://www2.careercruising.com/careers/profile-at-a-glance/581 4. Respiratory Therapists. (n.d.). Career Cruising. Retrieved June 14th, 2013, from https://www2.careercruising.com/careers/profile-at-a-glance/37 5. Roberts, Michelle Roberts. "UK 'fares badly in European health league table'."BBC News HEalth. BBC News, 5 May 2013. Web. 14 June 2013. www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-21654536

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