CHAPTER11:ANGULARMOMENTUM

CatDavidson

BACKGROUND Lastunitintroducedrotationalanalogsforposition,velocity,andotherconceptsof motion.Thisunitdealswiththerotationalversionofmomentumangularmomentum. RELEVANTDEVELOPMENTSFROMTHEPREVIOUSCHAPTER ImportantconceptsandrelationshipswereintroducedinChapter10.Theyarecritical forsolvingproblemsinchapter11.Asummaryoftheserelationships: Ihoop = MR 2 s = r"

v = r# a = r$

2 MR 2 5 " = r # F = rF sin $ I = mr 2 " = I% 1 1 K rot = I& 2 Icylinder = MR 2 2 2 Isphere =

KEYCONCEPTS 1. AngularmomentumLisequaltothecrossproductoftheradiusoftheobject ! ! fromapointanditslinearmomentum. L " r # p = rmv sin $ 2. Whendefinedintermsofw(angularvelocity,wherev=rw),angularmomentum alsoequalsthefollowing: ! L = Iw dp 3. NewtonsSecondLawsaysthat Fnet = .Therotationalanalogofthisis: dt

PRACTICEPROBLEMS

4. Similarlytotheconservationoflinearmomentum,ifnettorqueis0thenLis constantthisistheconservationofangularmomentum. ! " Li = " L f

" net =

dL dt

CHAPTER11:ANGULARMOMENTUM

CatDavidson

1.Adiscoballofmass10kgandradius50cmrevolvesaroundanaxisthroughitscenter withanangularspeedof8rad/s.Whatisthisspheresangularmomentum?

2.Achildwithamassof25kgstandsattheedgeofthisrotatingmerrygoround,which rotatesatanangularvelocityof1rad/s.Themerrygoroundisadiskwitharadiusof15 mandamassof600kg.Ifthechildwalksfromtheedgetoadistanceof1mawayfrom thecenter,whatisthenewangularvelocity?

3.A0.5mweightconsistingofarodwithmassM=1kgand2massesateitherendof m1=3kgandm2=2kgishungintheairandbeginstorotateduetogravityaboutthe rodsmidpoint.Finda)theweightsangularmomentumwhenitreachesaspeedof2 m/sandb)itsangularaccelerationusingtorqueconcepts.

CHAPTER11:ANGULARMOMENTUM SOLUTIONS axisofrotation

CatDavidson

m=10kg w=8rad/s

R=0.5m

1.Applythedefinitionofangularmomentum,recallthemomentofinertiaforasphere, andsubstituteinthegivenvalues. L = rmv = I" 2

2

L = ( (10)(0.5) )(10) 2 5 Isphere = MR 2 5 2 L = 10 kg " m / s 2 2 L = ( MR )" 5 ! m=25kg M=600kg w=1rad/s d=14m R=15m 2.Thisisaconservationofangularmomentumproblem.Determinethetotalinertia,set uptheconservationequation,rearrangeforw,thenpluginthegivenvaluestogetthe numericalanswer.
1 ( MR 2 + mR 2 )" i Itotal = Imerry" go" round + Ichild "f = 2 1 MR 2 + mr 2 1 2 2 I = MR + m r 2 2 1 ( (600)(15) 2 + (25)(15) 2 )(1) Li = L f " = 2 f 1 Ii# i = I f # f 2 2 (600)(15) + (25)(1) 2 1 1 ( MR 2 + mR 2 )# i = ( MR 2 + mr 2 )# f " f = 1.08 rad / s 2 2

CHAPTER11:ANGULARMOMENTUM

CatDavidson

M=1kg m1=2kg l=0.5m F=m1g F=m2g m2=3kg

3.a)Determinethetotalinertiaoftheweight,thenplugthatintotheangular momentumequationandsolve. Considerallobjectstofindinertia. I = Irod + Im1 + Im 2 NotethatIofarodis1/12ML2. 1 2 2 2 I = Ml + m1 ( l /2) + m2 ( l /2) 12 Factoroutl2/4forconvenience. l2 1 I = ( M + m1 + m2 ) 4 3 L = I" 2 0.5 1 L=( ( (1) + (2) + (3)))(2) = 10.67 kg # m 2 / s SubstituteinIexpression,plugin 4 3 values,andsolve. b)Usingtorqueandtheinertiadeterminedinparta,wecanfindtheobjectsangular acceleration. Usebothdefinitionsoftorqueand " net = I# setthemequaltoeachother. " =r$F 2 rinthiscaseishalftherodslength, l 1 rm2 g % rm1g = ( m1 + m2 + M )# duetothepositionofthemasses. 4 3 l l m2 g % m1g Solveforangularacceleration. 2 #= 22 l 1 ( m1 + m2 + M ) Cancelthel/2ontopandmultiply 4 3 theequationby2togetridofthe 2 g( m2 % m1 ) #= onthebottom. 1 l( m1 + m2 + M ) 3 Pluginvaluesandsolve. 2(9.80)(3 % 2) #= = 7.35 rad / s 1 0.5(2 + 3 + ) 3