KIM TRA BI C

Gi tn cc axit sau theo tn thay th

H-COOH
CH3-COOH CH3-CH2-COOH CH3-CH-COOH CH3 CH2=CH-COOH axit metanoic axit etanoic axit propanoic axit 2-metyl propanoic

axit propenoic

....oOo.

Tnh cht ha hc
Tnh axit v nh hng ca nhm th

iu ch

Gim n

Phn ng to thnh dn xut axit

Phn ng gc hidrocacbon

ng dng

I. TNH CHT HA HC
1. Tnh axit v nh hng ca nhm th O + R-C O .. H

*Nhn xt

- Nhm cacboxyl (-COOH) l s kt hp gia nhm

cacbonyl (-C- v hidroxyl (-OH). S tng tc gia 2 O) nhm ny lm cho nguyn t H ca axit linh ng hn. - Nguyn t H nhm OH ca axit linh ng hn nhm OH ca ancol v phenol.

Phng trnh in li: R-COOH + H2O

R-COO- + H3O+

Ka =

[H3O+][RCOO-]
[RCOOH]

- Ka : l hng s cn bng phn li ca axit trong nc, l mc o tnh axit - Ka: Cng ln tnh axit cng mnh, v ngc li - Ka: Ph thuc vo cu to ca gc R

Trong cc axit no n chc, nhm ankyl c mch cacbon cng di tnh axit cng gim
VD: Sp xp cc hp cht sau theo tnh axit gim dn?

Axit cacboxylic H-COOH (1) CH3- COOH (2) CH3CH2- COOH (3) CH3[CH2]2- COOH (4)

Ka(25oC) 17,72.10-5 1,75.10-5 1,33.10-5 1,29.10-5

(1) > (2) > (3) > (4)

(Do gc ankyl cng ln y electron v pha COOH cng tng -OH t phn cc tnh axit gim)

Cc nguyn t c m in ln gc R ht electron ca nhm cacboxyl tnh axit tng.

VD: Sp xp cc hp cht sau theo tnh axit tng dn?

Axit cacboxylic
CH3- COOH Cl- CH2- COOH F- CH2- COOH (1) (2) (3)

Ka(25oC)
1,75.10-5 13,5.10-5 26,9.10-5

(1) < (2) < (3)

(Do khi thay H bng nguyn t c m in ln gc R ht electron ca nhm -COOH tng s phn cc nhm -OH lc axit tng dn)

Axit cacboxylic l axit yu

Qu tm

Ha

Axit Cacboxylic

Kim loi Hy nu cc tnh Mui + Hiro cht ha hc chung Mui + Nc Baz ca axit ?

Oxit baz
Mui

Mui + Nc

Mui mi + Axit mi

Xem on video nhn xt hin tng v vit phng trnh minh ha?

Th nghim
1.Qu tm

Hin tng v phng trnh phn ng

Qu tm chuyn sang hng Si bt kh v km tan dn

2. Zn

2CH3COOH + Zn (CH3COO)2Zn + H2

3. CaCO3

Si bt CH3COOH+CaCO3(CH3COO)2Ca + 2H2O+CO2

4. CuO

Dung dch c mu xanh 2CH3COOH + CuO (CH3COO)2Cu + H2O

2.Phn ng to thnh dn xut axit

a. Phn ng vi ancol

- Sn phm to thnh l cht lng, khng Quan st th nghim sau: tan trong nc nn 2 lp Nhn xttch hin thnh tng?
Sn phm tol thnh - Sn phm to thnh este l g?

Vit pt minh ha? H SO c

2 4

CH3COOH + C2H5OH

to

CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
Etyl axetat

Tng qut

R-COOH + R/-OH

H+, to

RCOOR/+ H2O

- Phn ng gia axit cacboxylic vi ancol l phn ng thun nghch. - Chiu thun gi l phn ng este ha, chiu nghch l phn ng thy phn este

b. Phn ng tch nc lin phn t

- Khi dng P2O5 lm xc tc, hai phn t axit tch i mt phn t nc to thnh phn t anhiric axit. CH3-C-O-H O
( Axit axetic )
+

H-O-C-CH3 -H O CH3-C- O-C-CH3

2

P2O5

( anhiric axetic )

3.Phn ng gc hidrocacbon
a. Phn ng th gc no
- Khi dng P lm xc tc, Cl ch th cho H cacbon bn cnh nhm -COOH CH3CH2CH2COOH + Cl2
P

CH3CH2CHCOOH + HCl Cl

b. Phn ng th gc thm
O 2N COOH + HNO3
H2SO4

C O O H + H2O

Axit benzoic

Axit m-nitrobenzoic

c. Phn ng cng vo gc khng no

- Axit cacboxylic khng no, tham gia phn ng cng H2, Br2, Cl2.nh hidrocacbon khng no V d: CH3[CH2]7CH=CH[CH2]7COOH + H2
Ni, to

CH3[CH2]7CH2CH2[CH2]7COOH

CH3CH=CHCOOH + Br2

CH3CHBr-CHBrCOOH

II. IU CH V NG DNG
1.iu ch:
a. Trong phng th nghim:

Oxi ha hidrocacbon, ancol,.

C6H5-CH3
KMnO4 H2 O,to

C6H5COOK

H 3 O+

C6H5-COOH

i t dn xut halogen
R-X
KCN

R-C

H 3 O+ , t O

R-COOH

b. Trong cng nghip

Ln men gim:

CH3CH2OH + O2

Men gim

CH3COOH + H2O

Oxi ha andehit axetic:

2CH3CHO+ O2
i t metanol:
Gim n

Xt, to

2CH3COOH

CH3OH + CO

Xt, to

CH3COOH

2.ng dng
a. Axit axetic

Mi cc bn xem on video

Dc phm T nhn to Hng liu

Axit cacboxylic

Bt git Cht do

Thuc dit cn trng

CNG C KIN THC

TNH CHT HA HC AXIT CACBOXYLIC
Phn ng to thnh dn xut axit
Vi ancol

Tnh axit v nh hng ca nhm th

Phn ng gc hidrocacbon
P th gc thm

Tch nc lin pt

P th gc no

P cng gc khng no

BI TP VN DNG
Cu 1: Sp xp cc axit trong cc dy sau theo th
t tng dn lc axit: a, CH3COOH, Cl3CCOOH, Cl2CHCOOH, ClCH2COOH (1) (2) (3) (4)

(1) < (4) < (3) < (2)

b, (1) ClCH2CH2CH2COOH, (2) CH3CH(Cl)CH2COOH, (3) CH3CH2CH(Cl)COOH, (4)CH3CH2CH2COOH

(4) < (1) < (2) < (3)

Cu 2: Cho 90g axit axetic tc dng vi 69g ancol etylic ( H2SO4 c lm xc tc). Khi phn ng t n cn bng th 66% lng axit chuyn ha thnh este. Hy tnh khi lng este sinh ra Bi gii Ta c: nCH3COOH = 90 : 60 = 1,5 (mol) nC2H5OH = 69 : 46 = 1,5 (mol) nCH3COOH = nC2H5OH CH3COOH + C2H5OH
1,5 mol 1,5 mol
H+,to

CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

meste = 1,5.88.66% = 87,12g

Cu 3: Cho 3g mt axit cacboxylic no n chc

tc dng ht vi 100ml dd NaOH 0,5M. Tm CTCT ca axit cacboxylic trn? Bi gii: Gi cng thc tng qut ca axit l: RCOOH Ta c: nNaOH = 0,1.0,5 = 0,05 mol

RCOOH + NaOH
0,05 mol 0,05 mol
MRCOOH = 3 : 0.05 = 60 Suy ra MR = 15 (CH3 -)

RCOONa + H2O

Axit cn tm l CH3COOH

Ngi thc hin: