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Sealdah is one of the major railway stations serving Kolkata (Calcutta) in India, the others being Howrah Station, Shalimar Station and Kolkata Railway Station. Sealdah is one of the busiest railway stations in India and an important suburban rail terminal.
There are three station terminals at Sealdah: Sealdah North, Sealdah Main and Sealdah South. The North section consists of Sealdah North and Sealdah Main buildings. It has 13 platforms numbering 1 to 4/4A (Sealdah North), and 5 to 9C, 9A & 9B (Sealdah Main). The South section consists of Sealdah South terminal, with 5 platforms (10-14). The north and south sections have separate set of emerging tracks. The north and south section is connected by two links, one is DumdumMajherhat link (popularly circular rail), and other is Bidhannagar-Parkcircus link (extension of circular rail). These two links were constructed to quickly travel between the two sections avoiding Sealdah. For the financial department, There are DRM's,Sr.DFM's and ADFM's to look over.Sealdah North acts as the suburban train terminal for 2 divisions: the main division and the Bongaon division. The main division of Sealdah north operates trains plying between Kolkata and Bandel, Kalyani, Simanta, Gede, Shantipur, Krishnanagar, Dankuni and others. A narrow gauge line earlier used to connect Shantipur and Krishnanagar but now it has been replaced
with broad gauge. This line continues to Nabadwip Ghat. These narrow gauge lines are served by DMU trains (all other lines run EMU trains). There is a plan to extend the suburban train service from Krishnanagar to Palashi, which is currently served by electric loco hauled trains. Dankuni line connects Eastern Railway's Howrah line at Bali and Dankuni. Bandel line connects Eastern Railway's Howrah line at Bandel. The Bongaon division handles trains for Kolkata Airport, Bangaon, Hasnabad and others. Bangaon and Ranaghat are also connected. Sealdah Main is the mail/express terminal for long distance trains to northern, north-western, north-eastern & eastern India, through Dankuni line and Bandel line. Krishnanagar line is also serving long distance intrastate trains. The South section, consisting of Sealdah South terminal, acts as the terminal for local trains plying between Kolkata and Diamond Harbour Budgebudge, Canning, and Namkhana. There is also an EMU carshed at Sealdah (Narkeldanga). Other EMU carsheds are at Barasat & Sonarpur. A diesel shunter loco shed is also situated at adjacent Beliaghata. A rail coach factory is set to come up at Kanchrapara. Before partition in 1947 of India, Gede line and Bangaon line were continued to present day Bangladesh.
Telephone Exchange
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS:
The various components of the exchange system shall be a) Exchange hardware b) Exchange software c) Man Machine Interaction Terminal PC with Printer d) Test and measuring instruments e) Power supply Arrangement consisting of Batteries, Changeover panel and stand-by system. f) Intermediate Distribution Frame g) Main Distribution Frame h) Protection arrangement i) Cable (underground and switch board)
Figure showing Cabinet of Coral Flexicom 5000 I Picture showing the Digital Telephone Exchange (FlexiCom 5000 ISBX) installed at Barasat Railway Station
Main Cabinet Structure and Card Slot Assignments for a 3 Shelf Cabinet
SAU: SAU (Software Authorization Unit) plugged on the MEX-IP card, for controlling software packages. Provide unique system identification numberfor each installation. The SAU must remain installed on the MEX-IP card for continuous system operation.
i) Internal or external music on hold and Coral Flex-Set background music ii) External voice paging interfaces (Public address) and Relay Contacts. iii) Auxiliary or Major/Minor Alarm relay contacts iv) UNA (Universal Night Answer) or central Bell relay contacts
2) 8DTR: 8 Circuit DTMF Receiver and Decoder Car The 8DTR card contains eight
dual tone multiple frequency (DTMF) receiver circuits. The card is generally used to allow the use of tone dial single -line telephone sets, DTMF signalling over E&M and Direct Inward Dial trunks and Digital Inward System Access (DISA) over central office trunks. 3) CNF: Dual 15 parties or 8 3-ways, lossless, digital Conference Bridge card. One card required for each mode (2 x 15 Party or 8 x 3-way). 4) 4VSN: The 4VSN card provides four parts used to deliver pre-recorded announcement messages. The 4VSN is typically used to announce call intercept and ACD overflow conditions.
TYPE OF INFORMATION HANDLED BY ISDN: ISDN handles all types of information voice, data, studio-quality sound, static and moving images. They are all digitized, and transmitted at high speed. It can handle many devices and many telephone numbers on the same line. Up to 8 separate telephones, fax machines or computers can be linked to a single BRIISDN connection. A single BRI connection can have different phone numbers assigned to each service. A basic rate ISDN lie can support up to two calls at the same time. Any combination of voice, fax, or PC connections can take place at thesame time, through the same ISDN line. From a digital ISDN telephone you can place a call to an analogue telephone on the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) and vice-versa. Both networks are interconnected by the network carrier in a way similar to the connection between the mobile phone network and the analogue phone network. For the user, it is completely transparent whether he is calling a GSM telephone, a conventional telephone or an ISDN digital telephone. a) Basic Rate: i) It is provided through a Basic Rate Interface. This kind of interface is also called as SO interface. ii) There are two channels that you can use. iii) The total data rate across this interface 144Kbps.
iv) This bit rate was chosen because the wiring already installed by the telephone companies under the streets can carry base band (digital) transmission at this speed. Normally, BRI would be for domestic use, or smallerremote offices. b) Primary Rate: i) It is provided through a Primary Rate Interface. ii) This kind of interface is also called an S2 Interface. There are either 30 channels or 23 channels (North America, Japan) that you can use. 1.i) The total data rate across this type of interface is 2.048 MBPS or 1.5 Mbps. 1.ii) This kind of access requires the installation of a high speed line to the customer premises. Primary Rate would typically be used for large remote access servers, fax servers or PBX s in medium sized or large offices.
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A typical cut out view of Optical fibre cable used in Indian Railways
An optical fiber guides light waves in distinct patterns called modes. Mode describes the distribution of light energy across the fiber. The precise patterns depend on the wavelength of light transmitted and on the variation in refractive index that shapes the core. In essence, the variations inrefractive index create boundary conditions that shape how light waves travel through the fiber, like the walls of a tunnel affect how sounds echo inside. We can take a look at large-core step-index fibers. Light rays enter the fiber at a range of angles, and rays at different angles can all stably travel down the length of the fiber as long as they hit the corecladding interface at an angle larger than critical angle. These rays are different modes. Fibers that carry more than one mode at a specific light wavelength are called multimode fibers. Some fibers have very small diameter core that they can carry only one mode which travels as a straight line at the center of the core. These fibers are single mode fibers. This is illustrated in the following picture.
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More information carrying capacity Free from Electromagnetic and Electrostatic interference Low attenuation : 0.25 db/km at 1550 nm Fibers not effected by power surges and corrosive chemicals. Safety and Signal Security No Cross-talk Less prone to theft Easy in System Up gradation High resistance to chemical effects and temperature variations.
System Architecture:
The flexiMUX is a compact unit based on the 19 inch mechanical construction measuring 10.5H *19W*18D. This 6U sub rack is a common mechanical housing with a bussed backplane which accepts all the modules with vertical mounting making a modular equipment concept possible. LEDs on front panel indicate the status of all the individual modules.The 2Mbps streams are accessed from the rear side either through coaxial connector for 75ohm interface or through wire wrap connectors post for 120ohm balanced connection.All the voice ,signaling and data
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information are accessed from wire wrap connectors mounted at the back.The NMS can be accessed through a 9 pin D-shell connector, mounted in the backplane or from RJ11 jack mounted in front of the Network interface module.
Technical data
1) Network access 2 MB port 2 nos.( port A &B) local access voice & data from internal 2MB bus through 64KB time slots port c 2) 2 Mbps E1 interface ITU-T recommendations G.703 G.704 G. G.711 G.732 G.823 Bit rate 2.048Mbps Number of bits per time slots 8 Number of time slots per frame 32 Number of time slots for VF & data 30 Number of frames/multiframe 16 Signalling time slot 16,CAS Synchronization internal clock , derived clock from receive E1 stream, external 2.048MHz clock
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Tributary Module
The tributary Module is the heart of the system which interfaces to the 2Mbps stream and realizes the add-drop function of the channel through the digital cross connect. The function of tributary module is to: Extract the master clock of the network from the incoming 2Mbps streams. The mode is made synchronized to the MCLK. Cross-connect 64 Kbps digital data along with signaling data. Perform PCM summing of conference channels along with logical summing of corresponding signaling data. Generate 2Mbps internal TDM bus for channel units. Report to NIM about the alarm status of the 2Mb stream and the module.
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an OC-3 (Sonet).
Block diagram showing Basic Hierarchy of Synchronous Digital Network using OFC and Multiplexing
NETWORKING
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Networking is basically consisting of two or more computers, that are linked in order to share resources, exchange files, or allow electronic communications. The computers on a network may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infra-red beams. Components A data communications system has five components a. Message: The message is the information (data) to be communicated. Popular forms of information include text, numbers, pictures, audio and video. b. Sender: The sender is a device that sends the data message. It can be computer, workstation, telephone handset, video camera and soon. c. Receiver: The receiver is the device that receives the message. it can be computer, workstation, telephone handset, television and so on. d. Transmission medium: The transmission medium is the physical path by which a message travels from sender to receiver. some examples of transmission media include twisted-pair wires, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable and radio waves. e. Protocol: A protocol is a set of rules that govern the data communication. It represents agreement between the communicating devices. Without a protocol, two devices may be connected but not communicating, just as a person speaking French cannot understood by a person who speaks only Japanese.
TOPOLOGY The network in which the terminals are interconnected with each other for inter communication within and outside the network is called as Topology. Basically the Topology is categorized in following four types of designs.
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Mesh topology Star Topology Bus Topology. Ring Topology Types of Topologies present in Networking
Mesh Topology
In mesh topology every device has a dedicated point to point to every other device. Every device must have (n-1) I/O ports. All WAN is mesh topology. Advantages are It is robust. Each link can carry its own data load. It has privacy or secrecy. Fault identification is easy Mesh disadvantages: are larger number of cables & I/O ports are required for each device. Also the bulk of the wires can be greater than the available space.
Star Topology
In star topology each device has a dedicated point to point link only to central controller called as HUB as shown. If one device wants to senddata to another device , it sends through the HUB. Advantages are It is easy to install and reconfigure. Each device needs only one link. Hence it is less expensive.
STAR TOPOLOGY
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Bus Topology
A BUS topology is multipoint. One long cable acts as a backbone to link all devices in a network. The advantage is the installation is easy. Disadvantages are Difficult in fault isolation and reconnection. Difficult to add device to an existing system. A fault or break in bus cable stops all transmission.
BUS TOPOLOGY
Ring Topology
In a ring topology, each has a dedicated point to point connection only with two devices on either side of it. A data is passed along the ring in one direction, from device to device until it reaches its destination. Each device in a ring incorporates a repeater. The advantages are It is easy to install & configure. To add or delete a device requires only changing two connections. The disadvantages are unidirectional traffic and abreak in the ring can disable entire network.
RING TOPOLOGY
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Categories of Networks
Networks are categorized in three different categories as : LAN (Local Area Network) MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) WAN (Wide Area Network.
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Location: Separate buildings distributed throughout a city. Examples of companies that use MANs are universities, colleges, grocery chains, gas stations, department stores and banks.
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country.
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allows for data to be transported between devices and still be understood. The presentation layer performs the following functions: Communication with the application layer above. Translation of data conforming to cross-platform system into formats understood by the local machine. Communication with the session layer below. 5. SESSION LAYER The session layer tracks connections, also called sessions. The session layer should keep track of multiple file downloads requested by a particular FTP application, or multiple telnet connections from a single terminal client, or Web page retrievals from a Web server. With TCP/IP this functionality is handled by application software addressing a connection to a remote machine and using a different local port number for each connection. The session layer performs the following functions: Communication with the Presentation layer above. Organize and manage one or more connections per application, between hosts. Communication with the Transport layer below. 4. TRANSPORT LAYER If networking software performs reliable data transfer functions, then the detection of errors, and retransmission of data to recover those errors or lost data will occur in software managing this layer. The transport layer may use a variety of techniques such as a Cyclic Redundancy Check, windowing and acknowledgments. If data is lost or damaged it is the transport layer's responsibility to recover from that error. The transport layer is concerned with the following primary functions: Communicate with the Session layer above. Reassemble transport Protocol Data Units into data streams Reliable protocols operating at this layer will Detect errors and lost data Recover lost data Manage retransmission of data. Segmentation of data streams into transport Protocol Data Units. Communicate with the Network layer below.
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3. NETWORK LAYER It is the network layer's job to figure out the network topology, handle routing and to prepare data for transmission. The network layer is concerned with the following primary functions: Communication with the Transport layer above. Encapsulation of Transport data into Network layer Protocol Data Units. Management of connectivity and routing between hosts or networks. Communication with the data link layer below. 2. DATA LINK LAYER The data link Layer is the second layer of the OSI model. The data link layer performs various functions depending upon the hardware protocol used, but has four primary functions: COMMUNICATION with the Network layer above. SEGMENTATION of upper layer data grams (also called packets) into frames in sizes that can be handled by the communications hardware. BIT ORDERING. The data link layer organizes the pattern of data bits into before transmission. The frame formatting issues such as stop and start bits, bit order, parity and other functions are handled here. Management of big- endian / little- endian issues are also managed at this layer. COMMUNICATION with the Physical layer below This layer provides reliable transit of data across a physical link. The data link layer is concerned with physical addressing, network topology, physical link management, error notification, ordered delivery of frames, andflow control. It should be noted that in most modern network interface adaptors, the Physical and Datalink functions are performed by the network interface adaptor.
1) PHYSICAL LAYER The physical layer provides for physical connectivity between networked devices. Transmission and receipt of data from the physical medium (copper wire, fiber, radio frequencies, barbed wire, string etc.) is managed at this layer. The
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physical layer receives data from the data link Layer, and transmits it to the wire. The physical layer controls the electrical and mechanical functions related to the transmission and receipt of a communications signal. It also manages the encoding and decoding of data contained within the modulated signal. Note that for two devices to communicate, they must be connected to the same type of physical medium (wiring). 802.3 Ethernet to 802.3 Ethernet, FDDI to FDDI, serial to serial etc. Two end stations using different protocols can only communicate through a multi -Protocol Bridge or a router. The physical layer is responsible for two jobs: Communication with the data link layer above it. Fragmentation of data into frames Reassembly of frames into data link Protocol Data Units. Transmission and receipt of data.
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Interactive Voice Response System (IVRS): Interactive Voice Response System, the technical system giving the information of Train Running, passenger PNR etc. on a PSTN / Mobile Network through a centralized data base, which is at present maintained at Divisions / HQ./ CRIS or through NTES servers. Prerecorded Announcement and Auto Announcement System: It is an IVRS System, generally provided as standalone system, to give the information to public on PSTN Telephone either for Train Running Information or to work as Announcement System in Platform with suitable interface to PA System.
BASIC BLOCK DIAGRAM OF CONNECTION OF VARIOUS AMPLIFIERS WITH MICROPHONES AND LOUDSPEAKERS
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mains end and output of power supply, so as to protect the electronic modules from damage. The arrangement may include GD tubes, MOVs and fuses etc. 1.8 The system should be designed to suit the 25 KV AC traction areas. Proper earthing arrangement should be provided for grounding the shield of the data cable to prevent the EMI & RFI interference. However earthing for 230 volt AC power supply should be made separate. 1.9 Electrical power supply for all advance indicators of one location will be provided from a centralized place, similarly for all platform indicators electrical power supply will be provided from a centralized place. Separate wiring of power cable from a centralized power point to individual display boards should be planned in separate conduits.
BLOCK DIAGRAM SHOWING PLACEMENT OF PLATFORM DISPLAY AND COACH GUIDANCE SYSTEM
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IP EXCHANGE
IP exchange or (IPX) is a telecommunications interconnection model for the exchange of IP based traffic between customers of separate mobile and fixed operators as well as other types of service provider (such as ISP), via IP basedNetwork-to-Network Interface. IPX is developed by GSM Association. IPX is not intended to replace or compete with the Internet but it does offer an alternative option for service providers. The intent of IPX is to provide interoperability of IP-based services between all service provider types within a commercial framework that enables all parties in the value chain to receive a commercial return. The commercial relationships are underpinned with service level agreements which guarantee performance, quality and security. It may not be evident to end-users whether their service provider utilises the IPX model or not, however, the ability for service providers to differentiate services using the flexibility provided by the IPX model, ultimately provides for end-user choice.
BACKGROUND:
Traditionally, voice traffic interconnection between different operators has utilized the international SS7/TDM networks. However, lately the all-IP paradigm with VoIP is being rapidly introduced by different operators in various forms, such as IMS. In order to minimize the number of conversions between packetswitched voice and circuit-switched voice there is a clear need to deploy an IP based NNI (Network-to-Network Interface) and therefore an IP based interconnection network. It is also evident that a large number of IP based services (such as Presence or IM) simply cannot be interconnected using a SS7/TDM network, further increasing the need for evolution into an IP based interconnection network. Since the year 2000 GSM operators have been using GRX (GPRS Roaming Exchange) network for routing the IP based commercial roaming traffic between visited and home operators. Mainly2.5G and 3G data roaming has been using GRX. GRX is a private IP network (separated from internet) consisting of multiple different GRX carriers that are connected to each other via peering points. However, GRX is limited only to GSM operator community and not all GRX's are capable of meeting the demands of real-time services. Even though the GRX environment is not entirely suitable as a common IP network for interconnection and roaming, it offers a good starting point for the development of IPX. IPX development has been done in various GSM Association projects and working groups since 2004.
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ARCHITECTURE:
IPX architecture consists of different IPX Providers connecting together via an IPX peering point for traffic exchange. Both signaling (such as SIP) and media (such as RTP) is transported end-to-end in accordance with IPX specifications. IPX offers both bilateral and multilateral interconnection. Bilateral means the traditional model of two operators bilaterally writing an interconnection contract prior to setting up a connection to each other themselves. Multilateral on the other hand means that the IPX provider to some extent takes care of both handling the contract and connectivity set-up on behalf of the operators. Setting up bilateral interconnection contracts & connections with tens/hundreds of other operators can be a major burden. Therefore the multilateral option, which allows an operator to open multiple connections by making a single contract and single technical connection with the IPX provider, makes interconnection deployment easier and faster.
KEY FEATURES:
Open - open to any fixed operator, mobile operator or other service provider (such as ISP or cable operator) willing to adopt the necessary common IPX technical and commercial principlesand sign in Quality - support for QoS ensured by usage of combination of technical features in the network and an enforceable contract model among all the players involved (end-to-end Service Level Agreements) Cascading payments the cascading responsibility in IPX means each party is responsible for the performance of the next party in the transit chain. Because all participants make this commitment, the financial benefits of providing the service are cascaded through the value chain, enabling all involved to receive a commercial return for their participation
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Efficient connectivity - operator connecting to IPX can choose a multilateral interconnection mode where one interconnection contract opens multiple interconnection partners All IP supporting natively IP based protocols (such as SIP, RTP, GTP, SMTP, SIGTRAN etc.) Secure - completely separated from the public internet, both logically and physically. IPX is not addressable nor visible from the internet Global - not restricted to a certain geographical area Backwards compatible - IPX specifications are compliant with the existing specifications and recommendations. There is no need to upgrade for example, a 3GPP compliant IMS core system with the implementation of a IPX compliant Network-to-Network Interface (NNI) NNI only - IPX requirements address NNI only. The User-to-Network Interface (UNI) is out of scope Common technical specifications used end-to-end Interconnection and roaming IPX covers both interconnection and roaming scenarios Competitive environment - IPX services are provided by a number of competing international IP carriers all connected to each other via dedicated IPX peering points
STATUS:
Principles of IPX have been successively tested and validated by GSMA. From 2004 onwards, GSMA SIP Trials tested IP-based NNI with numerous IMS based services. IPX Pre-commercial Implementation trials have been ongoing since April 2007 focusing especially on packet switched voice service. GSMA press release in February 2008 explains that IPX trials have been completed successfully. A number of international carriers are preparing to roll out IPX services, such as IPX Voice, Belgacom International Carrier Services, BT, CITIC 1616, Deutsche Telekom ICSS, iBasis, Reach, SAP Mobile Services, Syniverse, Tata Communications, Telecom Italia Sparkle, Telecom New Zealand International, Telefnica International Wholesale Services, Telekom Austria, Telenor Global Services, TeliaSonera International Carrier. These companies will function as IPX Providers towards fixed and mobile operators and other service provider types. GSMA is open to support further trials on demand.
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IP- Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM) A digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM), often pronounced deeslam) is a network device, often located in the telephone exchanges of the telecommunications operators. It connects multiple customer digital subscriber line (DSL) interfaces to a high-speed digital communications channel using multiplexing techniques.
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Handover distribution frame (HDF): a distribution frame that connects the last mile provider with the service provider's DSLAM DSLAM: a device for DSL service. The DSLAM port where the subscriber local loop is connected converts analog electrical signals to data traffic (upstream traffic for data upload) and data traffic to analog electrical signals (downstream for data download).
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This compensation capability also takes advantage of the better performance of "balanced line" DSL connections, providing capabilities for LAN segments longer than physically similar unshielded twisted pair (UTP) Ethernet connections, since the balanced line type is generally required for its hardware to function correctly. This is due to the nominal line impedance (measured in Ohms but comprising both resistance and inductance) of balanced lines being somewhat lower than that of UTP, thus supporting 'weaker' signals (however the solid-state electronics required to construct such digital interfaces is more costly).
25 Mbit/s at 1,000 feet (~300 m) 24 Mbit/s at 2,000 feet (~600 m) 23 Mbit/s at 3,000 feet (~900 m) 22 Mbit/s at 4,000 feet (~1.2 km) 21 Mbit/s at 5,000 feet (~1.5 km) 19 Mbit/s at 6,000 feet (~1.8 km) 16 Mbit/s at 7,000 feet (~2.1 km) 8 Mbit/s at 10,000 feet (~3 km) 1.5 Mbit/s at 15,000 feet (4.5 km) 800 kbit/s at 17,000 feet (~5.2 km)
Hardware details :
Customers connect to the DSLAM through ADSL modems or DSL routers, which are connected to the PSTN network via typical unshielded twisted pair telephone lines. Each DSLAM has multiple aggregation cards, and each such card can have multiple ports to which the customers lines are connected. Typically a single DSLAM aggregation card has 24 ports, but this number can vary with each manufacturer. The most common DSLAMs are housed in a telco-grade chassis, which are supplied with (nominal) 48 volts DC. Hence a typical DSLAM setup may contain power converters, DSLAM chassis, aggregation cards, cabling, and upstream links. The most common upstream links in these DSLAMs use Gigabit Ethernet or multigigabit fiber optic links.
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IP-DSLAM
IP-DSLAM stands for Internet Protocol Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer. User traffic is mostly IP based. Traditional 20th century DSLAMs used Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) technology to connect to upstream ATM routers/switches. These devices then extract the IP traffic and pass it on to an IP router in an IP network. This division of work was thought to be sensible because DSL itself is based on ATM, and could theoretically carry data other than IP in that ATM stream. In contrast, an IP-DSLAM extracts the IP traffic in the DSLAM itself and passes it on to an IP router. The advantages of IP-DSLAM over a traditional ATM DSLAM are that the merged equipment is less expensive to make and operate and can offer a richer set of features.
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RAJDHANI EXPRESS
Rajdhani Express is a passenger train service in India connecting New Delhi with other important destinations, especially state capitals. Rajdhani means "The Capital" in Hindi.
Rajdhani Express was introduced in 1969,[1] for providing fast connections (up to 140 km/h or 87 mph, speed variation depending upon the particular track section) from New Delhito the capital cities of various states in India.[2] The first Rajdhani Express left New Delhi station for Howrah station to cover a distance of 1,445 km in 17 hours 20 mins.
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This system provides the passengers information such as train location, running position such as whether it is running on time or late and by how much, location with respect to the next stop in terms of kilometers etc. Railways has installed GPS device in all locomotives and station to receive dynamic data on train movement through satellite. Name of the incoming train, speed, time duration and all relevant information required by passengers will be made available automatically once the system
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becomes operational for all trains. Digital mapping of 8,177 stations of Indian Railways have so far been done. AL our control offices are now computerized. The system will be utilized for tracking freight trains as well the official said.
MAGNET TELEPHONE:
Magneto telephone is used for several purposes in the Rajdhani Train:For communication between the guard and driver of the train. Used to inform the pantry car about the need of the customer For the communication between two guard section of the same train
Working Principle: There is a dedicated telephone line for the communication the telephone. Each coach has the wiring supporting this bogy wiring is connected to the other bogy through the coupler. When one has to communication through the telephone first one has to rotate the knob of the telephone as there is point connection so a ring goes to the other end automatically. Engine is isolated from the coaches, so engine is joined to the bogy for communication purpose through the wiring done externally. Audio equipment are used for automatic and manual announcements to passengers travelling in the train. It is integrated with centralized traffic controller station through radio links/GSM for emergency messages.
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This system generally comprises of: Driver interface unit. Public address system. Automatic voice announcement unit. Passenger to driver interface unit. Fist/Gooseneck microphone. Power amplifier unit featuring automatic gain adjustment according to ambient noise condition.
Is possible due to self running generator. There are 17 coaches and in every coaches 11 speakers. Where announcement and songs can be played through amplifier. One sided telephoned which is point to point communication between guard and driver. There are 7 one soded telephones present in the both train. One in the driver coach. Two in the engines and other two in the panty car.
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CONCLUSION
Role of Signal And Telecommunication department:
Safely in train operation. Administrative voice and data circuits. Passengers reservation system (Data circuit on Railway network). Unreserved ticketing system (Data circuit on Railway network). Freight operation information system (Data circuit on railway network). Crew Management system (Data circuit on railway network). Coaching information system (Data circuit on railway network).
TELECOMMUNICATIONS:
Providing basic telecommunication facilities for the Railways vast transport system is responsibility of the Signal & Telecom department. The telecommunication facilities provided on the railways are broadly categorized in the three areas applications. Telecommunication for train operation: Telecommunication system gives controller for efficient train control and monitoring. Omnibus circuit exist for control operation connected with central control
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at SEADAH.
OFC Communication:
Optical Fiber communication system is the Backbone of telecommunication network. The short ?haul STM-1 equipments of 155 mbps capacity is provided at 52 stations along with fibers network. The short? Haul STM-1 network is protected by long ?haul STM-1 self healing ring network provided in section of control. The fiber network carries VOICE, DATA & MULTIMEDIA services for various applications.
MICROWAVE Communication:
Division is having 18 GHz digital Microwave system provided at 24 stations in SEALDAH SOUTH. The OFC & MW communication system meets the entire need of voice and data communication circuits of the Division and Zonal headquarters.
TELEPHONE EXCHANGE:
Provides telephone Exchange for railway internal communication requirements. In sealdah division we have 11 electronic Exchange provided at different location, connected with 1MB link.
DATA Communications:
Data communication circuits for Computerize Passengers Reservation System (PRS). Unreserved Ticketing system (UTS), Freight operation and Information system (FOIS) Crew Management System (CMS).
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