Blood Urea Nitrogen

NH3 -build-up is toxic in the body - can pass through the blood brain barrier Urea -toxic product but safer compare to urea NPN -Non Protein Nitrogen -contain nitrogen other than protein Azothemia -increase level of urea in blood a. Pre renal kidney in NORMAL, blood flow is LOW in volume or pressure therefore urea cannot be clear. b. Renal blood flow NORMAL, kidney NOT CAPABLE of clearing c. Post Renal kidney is NORMAL, blood flow NORMAL, excretion is BLOCKED due to the presence of stones or infections. Procedure:

Measurement according to: a. Product formed b. Disappearance of reactant c. Formation of co enzyme d. Disappearance of co enzyme

Measured at 340 nm wavelength - Ultraviolet - No color TEST STANDARD BLANK

1mL rgt.

1 mL rgt.

H20 (water blank)

Prewarm - enzyme reacts best at 37C - set at 3 minutes 10L serum 10L std. 1st incubation 30 seconds Abs 1 2nd incubation 1 minute Abs 2 Computation:

Creatinine

- By product of protein and amino acids

Arginine, Glycine, Methionine

- Process transamidation
Jaffes Reaction - Creatinine + Picric acid Creatinine picrate - Creatinine picrate: measured @ 510 nm (yellow colr) Procedure: Working reagent (WR) - 1:1 picric acid and base reagent - Stability 8 hours TEST STANDARD BLANK 1.5 ml WR 1.5 ml WR 1.5 ml (Reagent Blank) +50 m serum +50 m standard +50 m water Incubate in 37C for 15 mins covered with nescofilm Read @ 510 nm

Computation:

URIC ACID

Use as renal markers Use to determine rick of Gouty Arthritis

Purine Catabolism - seeds have high purine content Gouty Arthritis - Uric acid is deposited in joints

Xanthine Oxidase Uric Acid Uriase Trinder -chromagen is being measured

TEST STANDARD 1mL reagent 1mL reagent Prewarm for 3 mins 25L serum 25L standard Incubate for 10 mins Read @ 520 nm (pink color) Computation:

BLANK 1mL reagent 25L H2O