Concept of Jinn (Ghost) and Jadu (Black magic) in Muslim psychiatric patients

Dr Aziz Ahmed Quadri

Professor of Psychiatry Director of Mental Health Center Padegaon, Aurangabad, M.S. India

E-mail: merajquadri@hotmail.com www.mentalhealthcenterindia.com

MENTAL HEALTH CENTER

Aurangabad, Maharashtra, INDIA.

Introduction
The past decade has seen a growing demand for health professionals to take better account of patients religious beliefs and establish links with faith based organizations as partners in health and welfare science. (Mental Health Foundation National Institute for mental health England,2003). However although psychiatry and religion share similar concerns their relationship has seldom been harmonious with, perhaps just cause for suspicion on both side. There is need for dialogue and mutual understanding.

In the U.S.A. analysis of the national co-morbidity surveys conducted in the

1990 revealed continuing use of the clergy alone and alongside professional and alternative practitioner for mental health problem (Wang et.al.2003).

It is clear that faith based organizations and their clergy are contacted by people with mental health problems often in preference to consulting psychiatric professionals. Broadly speaking

healing has been observed as a central function of most religions

and some people look to religion as a means of understanding suffering and as a beneficial way of coping with it.

Studies in the U.K. indicate that culturally mediated religious

beliefs influence differential access to and engagement and satisfaction with services (Mc cube and priebe.2004).

The clergy are popularly conceived of as knowledgeable and

trusted healers at local and personal level with respect to mental illness. Clergy in closed, less secularized community may play a pivotal part when people first present with psychological difficulties, there by strengthening or challenging religious health beliefs and in effect advocating spiritual or secular intervention (Little wood and Dien 1995). Many clergy provide pastoral care for emotionally distressed

people they may be reluctant to move further away from spiritual

guidance towards a more secular enterprise.

Aim
1. Study the concept of Jinn (Ghost) and Jadu

(Black Magic) in Muslim psychiatric patients.

2. To Compare different diagnostic categories of faith healers and ICD-10. 3. To study the different methods used by faith healers to treat psychiatric disorders. 4. To know whether these methods were approved and valid by Islam.

Setting
Mental Health Center Padegaon

Aurangabad (M.S)

Material & Method

In our study we interviewed total 100 patients
as follows.

TOTAL NUMBER OF MALE PATIENTS

: 54

TOTAL NUMBER OF FEMALE PATIENTS : 46 TOTAL : 100

To compare with psychiatry diagnosis we also took the history

as per our routine history taking

method.

Data Collection
1. Structured interview containing.
a. b. c. d. e. f. g. Demographic data. Religious knowledge. Basic knowledge of Islam. Whether follow rituals and prayers on regular basis. No. of Traditional Healers visited. Advices and diagnosis given by T.H Method of treatment by T.H.

Admissions during April 2006 to March 2007 at MHC Aurangabad.

No. Patients Muslim Hindu % Percentage

99
87 98 107 105 97 96 104 98 90 100 90 Total - 1171

32
29 57 48 41 42 35 54 48 41 42 52 Total - 521

67
58 41 59 64 55 61 50 50 49 58 38 Total - 650

Age wise distribution of patients with different Disorders

Disorder Dissociative Disorder Acute & Transient Psychotic Disorder Manic Depressive Disorder Schizophrenia Depressive Disorder
Total No. of pt.

Age 11 20
01

Age 21 30
01 04 04

Age 31 40

Age 41 50

Age 51 60

Age 61 - 70

(02) (09) 04 42 25 07 02 12 08 04 01

17 08

10 04

01 01

02 02 02

Addiction
Mental Retardation Epilepsy

02
02

02

01

02

01 01 03 06 02 01 01 01

Hypo Mania Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

02

1.

Study the concept of jinn (ghost) and Jadu (black magic) in Muslim psychiatric patients.

a. At our center about 40%patients are Muslims. b. I have essential knowledge about Islam. c. Psychiatrist are expected to have adequate knowledge

of major religions. (.CTP.p.no.602 to 622).

2.Comparison between traditional healers diagnosis and ICD-10

Sr. No ICD-10 Faithhealers Diagno Black Magic Jinn No Diagnosis by Faith Healer

1 2

F : 44.5 Dissociative Conversion F : 23 Acute Psychotic Episode

Effect of Jinn, Black Magic Effect of Jinn, Black Magic, In 3 patients made no diagnosis

01 01

01 04

00 04

F : 31 Manic Depressive Disorder

Effect of Jinn, effects of Black Magic

02

02

00

F : 20 Schizophrenia

Effect of Jinn, effects of Black Magic

12

24

06

F : 32 Depressive Disorder

Effect of Jinn, effects of Black Magic in 7 Patients Made No Diagnosis

07

13

07

F : 10 Addiction

Effect of Jin & Black Magic,

03

01

03

F : 70 Mental Retardation

Effect of Jin & Black Magic,

01

01

00

F : 44 Epilepsy

Effect of Jinn,

00

01

00

F : 30 Hypomania

Effect of Jinn, Effect of Black Magic Effect of Jinn

02

03

01

10

F : 42 Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

00

02

00

Sr. No 1

ICD-10
F : 44.5 Dissociative Conversion
F : 23 Acute Psychotic Episode F : 31 Manic Depressive Disorder F : 20 Schizophrenia F : 32 Depressive Disorder

Traditional healers diagnosis

Effect of Jinn, Black Magic F: 01 F: 05

Sex
M: 01 M: 04

Effect of Jinn, Black Magic, In 3 patients made no diagnosis

Effect of Jinn, effects of Black Magic

F: 03

M: 01

Effect of Jinn, effects of Black Magic

F: 18 F: 12

M: 24 M: 13

Effect of Jinn, effects of Black Magic in 7 Patients Made No Diagnosis

6 7

F : 10 Addiction F : 70 Mental Retardation F : 44 Dissociative Disorder F : 30 Hypomania F : 42 Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Effect of Jin & Black Magic, Effect of Jin & Black Magic,

F: 00 F: 01 F: 01 F: 05 F: 00

M: 07 M: 01 M: 00 M: 01 M: 02

Effect of Jinn,

9 10

Effect of Jinn, Effect of Black Magic Effect of Jinn

Comparison of ICD 10 Diagnosis with

Diagnosis given by Traditional Healer

Sr. No ICD-10 Diagnosis As per ICD10 Number of Pts Diagnosis by Traditional healer Black Magic Jinn No Diagnosis

1
2 3 4

F : 44.5 Dissociative Conversion

F : 23 Acute Psychotic Episode F : 31 Manic Depressive Disorder F : 20 Schizophrenia

02
09 04 42

01
01 02 12

01
04 02 24

00
04 00 06

5
6 7 8

F : 32 Depressive Disorder
F : 10 Addiction F : 70 Mental Retardation F : 44 Epilepsy

25
07 02 01

07
03 01 00

13
01 01 01

05
03 00 00

9
10

F : 30 Hypomania
OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder) Total

08
02 100

02
00 29

05
02 52

01
00 19

Explanation by traditional healers.

Jinn effect Black Magic effect No diagnosis

56%

17%

27%

To study the different methods used by traditional healers to treat psychiatric disorders.
1. In our study we found that traditional healers used some common methods for treatment of different psychological disorders.

Material given by Traditional Healers to Patients for protection from Jinn (Ghost) & Effect of Jadu (Black Magic)
Sr. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Taweez Water of prayer Lemons Eye drops of Lemon juice Rose water Sarsoon Oil Eggs Abdominal organs of dead girl Black cloth Contains

10
11 12

Sugar
Camphor Taweez made up of silver plate

To study the different methods used by traditional healers to treat psychiatric disorders
a. Commonly traditional healers (T.H) give taweez to wear in neck or tie around waist or to burn and take smoke of it or drink water in which Taweez is dissolved. b. Lemon juice to use as eye drops,to throw in a particular area, cut selected numbers of lemon over the head, to keep in rooms, under pillows, c. Using white cock, black crow, abdominal organs like liver, kidney, to treat these patients.

d.
e.

Water on which they read something.

A material called anjan as eye ointment.

Sr. No.

ICD10

Faith healers Diagnosis

Different Method used by faith healers to treat Psychiatric Disorders Advised Taveez for wearing, Advised Taveez for wearing, Advised Taveez for wearing,
Given Glass of water on which faith healer red something, puts lemon juice in eyes,

No. of Pts

Sex M-F 1-1

Age
Average

Qualification Average

F : 44.5 Dissociative Disorders

F : 23 Acute and transient psychotic disorder

Effect of Jinn, Black Magic

Effect of Jinn in 4 pts, Black Magic in 1 Pts Made no diagnosis in 4 Patients

25 years

Literate Illiterate
Tenth

45

20 years

asked take bath from water of different wells, mixing rose water
Advised Taveez for wearing, to keep Taveez below pillow, cutting lemon all over the patients body, used oil of

F : 31 Manic Depressive Disorder

F : 20 Schizophrenia

Effect of Jinn in 2 pts, Effect of black magic in 2 pts

24 pts effect of Jinn, 12 pts Effect of Black Magic, 6 pts made no diagnosis

31

22 years

Ninth

sersoon Advised Taveez for wearing, given water for drinking, advised to take smoke of Taveez, cutting lemon all over the patients body, given boiled egg Used Taveez to drink in milk, advised to bring Kidney of dead girl, owl, black sindoor

42

24 18

25 years

Tenth

F : 32 Depressive Disorder

13 pts effect of Jinn, 5 pts effects of Black Magic, 7 pts made no diagnosis

Advised Taveez for wearing to tie on waist To take smoke of Taveez, to drink a glass of water on which he read something, lemon to eat, eggs, black cloth, sugar for eating, bath 4 Fridays regularly

25

13 12

30 years

Tenth

F : 10 Addiction

3 pts effect of black magic, 3 pts made no diagnosis, 1 pts effect of Jinn

Taveez to wear, to burn, to take smoke, water for drinking, using cloths, candles

70

25 years

Tenth

F : 70 Mental Retardation

1 pts effect of Jinn, 1 pts effect of Black Magic

Taveez for wear, Taveez made of silver plate, written Arabic words, advised to bring goat, cock, eggs,

11

20 years

Literate

F : 44 Epilepsy

Effect of Jinn

Taveez for wear,

01

35 years

Seventh

F : 30 Hypo Mania

3 pts effect of Jinn, 2 pts effect of Black Magic, 1 pts made no diagnosis

Taveez for wear, Taveez used in drinking water, cutting lemon all over the body, rubs ash on body, tie Taveez on waist,

15

25 years

Eighth

10

F : 42 Obsessive compulsive disorder

Effect of Jinn In both cases

Burn Taveez, to take smoke of Taveez during night, using candle

20

15 years

Tenth

Taweez

Taweez

Taweez

Taweez

Taweez

Taweez

Taweez

Taweez

Metal ring and threads

Metal ring

Taweez

Types of Magic described by Amilin (T.H)

Sahar.. Sahar.. Sahar.. Sahar.. Sahar.. Sahar.. Sahar.. Sahar.. Tafriq Mohabat Takhayul Junun Khamul Havathif Amraz Istahaza

Taweez

Taweez

Taweez

Taweez

Metal plates with written Arabic words

Contents of Taweez
Most of the Taweez
contain numbers, Arabic words, names of angels, soil, grass, plain scented papers.

Result :
Among psychiatric patients 100% patients and there relatives have faith on Jinn (Ghost) and Jadu (Black magic) as a cause of mental

illness. All patients had faith on Allah, prayers and healing power
of prayers. A vast majority of patients did prayers and rituals on regular basis. In our study all patients(100%) went to traditional healers.

 Among these 100 patients who are suffering from different psychiatric disorders as per ICD-10,traditional healers diagnosed 52 patients as Jinn effect, 29 patients under the influence of black magic and for 19 patients no diagnosis was made.

 These results shows that there is deep rooted faith and belief in Ghost and Black magic as a cause of mental illness in Muslim patients, it is because in holy Quran there are number of verses about existence of Jinn, but after reviewing (Quran) it is not proved that a Jinn can cause symptoms describe by faith healers in their

diagnosis, and one can get control over Jinn or use Jinn
for his desired work.

 Along with this there is a lot of literature available in Urdu

which talks about Jinn (Ghost) and Jadu (Black magic),

even in the dramas of Shakespeare there is a character of inhuman power, most of the stories of children contain Jinn character this is fixed in minds since childhood and become a firm belief about Jinn and black magic.

Considering this fact I have written book in Urdu, titled

Jinn Jadu, Ya Nafsyati Amraz ?

Jinn Jadu ya Nafsyati Amraz ?

1st Edition

2nd Edition

Written by Dr. A.A.Quadri

 Black magic was done in the period of Solomon (PBUH) and Moses (PBUH) but no definite

methodology has been described and mentioned in

holy book the Quran.

In Quran and Hadith (sayings of prophet Mohammed PBUH) there is no method to diagnose the effect of Jinn (Ghost) and Jadu (Black magic). Only different prayers have been recommended by prophet if someone feels that he or his relative is under influence of black magic. There is no place for the methods used by traditional healers which we saw in our study to treat black magic or to remove Jinn effect. In my view it is very important to consider the socio-cultural background and religious concepts of the patients for the

treatment by means of psychological methods.

Religion and Spirituality

In 1995, instruction in religious and spiritual issue was made mandatory for accredited psychiatric residency programs in the United States.

Religion
1. The three great monotheistic religions Judaism, Christianity and Islam

believe in a single omnipotent God and in a book, Torah, the Bible or

the Quran, that reveals Gods plan for believers. 2. Buddhism, a religion prevalent in China, Japan, Korea, Sri Lanka and South Asia has differing traditions. 3. Theravada Buddhism emphasizes a spiritual quest for wisdom, where as Mahayana Buddhism stresses compassion, the divine power of the savior Buddhism and spiritual rituals.

4.

Hinduism prevalent on the Indian subcontinent, emphasizes the many

manifestations of God, reincarnation a divine power that sustains life a dazzling array of religious symbols, yoga and meditation.

Al-Quran
Al-Quran is a compilation of poetical verses divided into 114
chapters, it is the sacred text of Islam. Muslims believe that in 610 AD the angel Gabriel (A.S.) confronted Mohammed

(P.B.U.H.) in a cave top mountain near Mecca, proclaimed

him the messenger of the one true God, Allah, and ordered him to read the verses from written Scriptures that existed in heaven.

Al Jinn
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Adam and Ibliss Curse on Ibliss Shaitans Biography Animosity of Shaitan to Man Creation of Shaitan Activities of Shaitan Promises of Shaitan Companion of Shaitan Tribe of Ibliss Party of Shaitan Army of Shaitan Stealing of Information Worshipping of Shaitan Forgetting Allah Orders of Shaitan Jinns and Magic

Urdu Literature on Jinn & Jadu available in market

Protection from Shaitan (Satan)

Fear, Loneliness and Insomnia Seeing a Nightmare Anger and Wrath Hearing Donkeys Voice Hearing Barking of Dogs Matrimonial Relationship Entering Washroom Entering the House

Going out of the house

Traveling More protection from Shaitan

Exorcism
Demanding Jinn to get out

Cursing Jinn to get out

Beating the Possessed Person

At Time of anger
Writing of Taweez

Mesopotamian religion
Assyrians Babylonians Labartu Sedu Succubus (Lilitu) Etimmu -

Lamassu Lilitu * Source (S.G.F. Brandom, gen. ed. A Dictionary of comparative religion, London : Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2nd ed., 1971) p.232)

Mountains, Marshland ambivalent evil & guardian Beautiful nude female Ghosts, who died by Mischance Ambivalent

Indian
Non human spirits

Asuras
Danavas Daityas

Rakshas
Human spirits Ghost Bhuta

Source (Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, (Edition burgh: T, and T. clark, 4th ed, 1959))

Activities of Shaitan (Satan)

1) He gives order to people, and the later to listen , and follow as close as possible. 2) he gives false promises, and people should take these promises seriously. 3) He scares people if they dont follow him. As long as they dont obey Allah, it is easy for shaitan to scare them. 4) He invites people to follow him and to commit all types of activities. he knows no Halal or Haram. Everything is Halal.

5) He incites animosity among people. He enjoys seeing them enemies to one another. 6) He incites hatred so that people start fighting one another. He enjoys seeing them unhappy with one another. 7) He makes people to forget Allah by keeping them busy in the affairs of this world. The more they are preoccupied

with this world, the more they forget Allah.

Activities of Shaitan (Satan)

8) He pretends to be a good friend to people; otherwise, they will not

listen to him. He also pretends that he is the best advisor to them.

9) He whispers regularly to them in a sneaking way. he has no courage to come to them face to face.

10) He makes sure that he does not revel his identity, otherwise people
may shy away from him or even run away. His name scares many people. Hence it is better not to identify himself as Shaitan, jinn, ghost, spirit, etc. 11) He acts as a sneaker. He waits for the moment when people forget Allah, to jump forward, and sneaking acts as an Advisor.

12) He remains neck-to-neck around people otherwise he loses his job, or

he will be denounced by his supervisors. 13) He leads people astray from Allah, so that they will go with him to hell, instead of him being alone. 14) He is revengeful and vindictive; when he strikes he hurts and may abuse other physically. 15) He lets people down, because he has nothing under his property to offer except false hopes and illusions. 16) He makes sure that the people should follow by using every possible and logical approach to convince them.

17) He makes sure that people are to worship him. following Shaitan,
means that the person has already submitted himself to his order and come became a slave to him.

18) He tries to control the density of people. Their future hopes and aspirations are re-laid on his instructions, orders and false hopes. 19) He makes sure that he does not revel his name as a ghost, but as a hidden friend wishing them the best.

20) He is a source of distraction for them from worshipping God, and obeying Him. Even during Salat he makes sure to distract them.
21) He creates commotion otherwise his life is miserable. He enjoys seeing people fighting one another. 22) He teaches magic. People have to pledge allegiance to him before teaching any type of magic. The knowledge of magic is to do harm to other people, and especially to husbands and wives.

23) He tries to steal information from outside the orbit. While trying to do so, Allah sends meteorites to burn him and to get rid of him.
24) He pushes people to commit all typea of Haram, immorality and Vulgarity.

Hexing: The Evil Eye

Sleepiness or fitful sleep

Exhaustion
Depression Hypochondriacs Spirit possession

Impotence
Failure to thrive Anorexia Listlessness

Diarrhea
Vomiting Disrupted social relationship Sudden death

Hexing: The Evil Eye

Jews in Germany were forbidden to look at crops for fear that their glance (Judenblick) would be damaging. Persons who are thought most likely to possess the evil eye are those with a physical

deformity (especially a hunchback), stranger, jealous kin or

neighbors, marginal members of society, barren women, the poor and hungry, person dissatisfied with their lot in life, children who

return to their mothers breast after weaning (seen among Slovak

Americans)

Hexing: The Evil Eye

Evil eye can strike anyone, but most susceptible are wealthy, handsome and weak persons, children and women especially when pregnant.

Activities of Shaitan (Satan)

25) He makes sure that people should not be shy, timid, or having any type of Hayaa. They should be bold and strong to do all types of vices without feeling ashamed of themselves. It is on the contrary; those who commit immorality, should accuse and blame those who dont get involved in vices. The letter activities are to be publicized as noble acts of life it self. They would have enough supporters from within the human being side. Any person who is shy and timid should go to a psychiatrist to be examined and to be treated. The main rule of Shaitan is to create dissension between husband and wives. In so doing, he will make sure that they hate one another. Accordingly ,they end up into divorce. Hence, the fight will start for the custody of the children. Therefore, a problem is created in the family.

When parents choose their love and their family ties. the cornerstone

for the foundation of the society is destroyed.

When separation or divorce takes place, children will not be raised properly with one single parent. They will be unstable in their

personality. Shaitan finds it easier to enter the hearts and minds of the
children. He will lead them to wrong places. Hence, he makes them criminals in the society.

Thank You