homosapiensi,

rogorc

momakvdinebeli virusi planetisaTvis

aleqsandra krauze

viRacam aRniSna rom adamiani aris udidesi, urTulesi, ulamazesi da

mravalferovani samyaros nawili; rom TviToeuli adamiani TavisTavad
warmoadgens calkeul, damoukidebel, aseve mravalferovan da lamaz samyaros.
Tu ar meSleba es cnobili poloneli mwerlis, ianuS viSnevskis erT-erTi personaJi
iyo, romelic TumcaRa cols Ralatobda, mainc sasiamovno, keTili da Wkviani
kacis STabeWdilebas tovebda mkiTxvelze. vfiqrob, samarTliani
gamonaTqvamia, dRevandelma adamianma xom evoluciis didi gza gamoiara: jer
cecxli moipova, borbali gamoigona, Semdeg damwerloba Seqmna, piramidebi
aago, atomuri birTvic ki gaxliCa da arc amaze SeCerda. misma fsiqikam
mniSvnelovani saxecvlileba ganicada, droTa ganmavlobaSi adamianis Sinagani
samyaro sul ufro da ufro rTuli da saintereso xdeba, mis inteleqts sul ufro maRali
simaRleebis dapyroba ZaluZs, magram miuxedavad am yvelafrisa adamianebs
xSirad aviwydebaT ramodenime Zalian martivi da ubralo WeSmariteba, rogoricaa
magaliTad ar moisaqmo iq sadac cxovrob, an ar CaafurTxo im WaSi, saidanac
yoveldRiurad wyals svav. Aai, aseTi ubralo raRaceebis ugulebelyofa SevZeliT
sakuTar Sinagan samyaroze fokusirebulma da ganviTarebulma adamianebma, ase
daviviwyeT garegani samyaro da amis damadasturebeli sabuTi dedamiwis
dRevandeli ekologiuri mdgomareobaa.
 UmiCneulia, rom omebma garemoze uaryofiTi zegavlenis moxdena
daiwyes XX saukuneSi, magram es ase ar aris. XX-XXI saukuneebSi kacobriobis
barbarosobis Sedegebi ubralod ufro savalalo da martivad SesamCnevi gaxda,
rogorc ki adamianma gamoigona nemsi da niCabi, anu samuSao iaraRebi, mis
arsenalSi aseve gaCnda najaxi da Subi – iaraRebi gamogonili ganadgurebisaTvis.
homosapiensi gamoeyo sxva, martiv cxovelebs da daiwyo sakuTari Tavis msgavsi
arsebebis xocva cxoveluri sisastikiT.
pirveli aseulobiT aTasi weliwadi adamianebi ar gamoirCeodnen
gansakuTrebuli originalurobiT dedamiwis sxva binadarTa fonze, magram
mogvianebiT maT aRmoaCines keTilSobili liTonebi da sul male gaCnda iseTi
mcnebebi, rogoricaa oqro da vercxli. am droidan moyolebuli dRemde, buneba
sul ufro zaraldeba adamianebis ganuwyveteli brZolebisagan. Yyvelaferi daiwyo
imiT rom “homosapiensebma” daiwyes umeteswilad oqros sabadoebis maxloblad
ganlagebuli sakuTari soflebisa Tu qalaqebis gamagreba, sangrebisa Txra, tyeebis
gaCexva da a. S. tyeebi gamoiyeneboda ara mxolod sacxovreblis asagebad,
aramed iaraRad, magaliTad erT-erTi umartivesi xerxi gaxldaT xeebis kronis
dazianeba da mtris jaris moaxlovebisas maTi waqceva mowinaaRmdegeze.
dReisaTvis aseTi martivi meTodebi ufro rTuliT Seicvala, samwuxaro mxolod is
aris, rom tyeTa binadarTaTvis dartyma ar Semsubuqebula, aramed piriqiT,
damZimda.
uZvelesi droidan mowinaaRmdegis damarcxebis kidev ramodenime utyuari
xerxi arsebobs, magaliTad, xanZris gaCena an sasmeli wylis mowamla. K
aseve, mniSvnelovan zegavlenas axdens garemoze adamianTa didi masis
gadaadgileba, maTTan erTad ki sabrZolo iaraRebisa da teqnikis. gansakuTrebuli
mniSvneloba am faqtorma miiRo XX saukuneSi, rodesac milionobiT jariskacis
fexma, borbalma da mZime teqnikis muxluxoebma daiwyes miwis Telva, xolo
maT mier gamoyofilma produqtebma garemos dabinZureba. XX saukunis
zaralma wina saukuneebis mier miyenebul zarals 100-jer da 1000-jer
gadaaWarba, Aamas ki rasakvirvelia axli teqnologiebi ganapirobebda.
aq pirvelad da yvelaze metad albaT amerikam ,,iyoCaRa”, rodesac daiwyo
omi vietnamSi. Mman aqcia vietnami axali sabrZolo taqtikis da axali masiuri
gandgurebis iaraRis gamoyenebis poligonad. Ffaqtiurad es iyo pirveli
msxvilmaStabiani qimiuri omi. Yyvelaze mZime da damangreveli Sedegi
Semdegma nabijebma iqonies: ganuwyveteli masiuri bombardireba, -Oomis
ganmavlobaSi vietnamSi daaxloebiT 21 000 000 aviabombi da 230 milionze meti
naRmi iyo gamoyenebuli. sxvadasxvagvari saxis mZime sabrZolo teqnikis
gamoyeneba da sxvadasxva qimikatebis gamoyeneba yanebisa da tyeebis
gasanadgureblad. aT weliwadSi gamoyenebuli iyo daaxloebiT 72 milioni litri.
omebi auRwerl zegavlenas axdens samyaroze da adamianebze. rac ufro
viTardeba adamianis goneba, miT ufro sastiki xdeba omi da saSineli misi
meTodebi da Sedegebi. Tavdapirvelad, bunebis danakargebi adamianis susti
SesaZleblobebis gamo ar iyo sagrZnobi, magram, rac ufro izrdeboda
“homosapiensis” SesaZleblobebi, miT ufro SesamCnevi xdeboda es danakargebi
da dReisaTvis katastrofuli gaxda. birTvuli iaraRis Seqmnis Semdeg planetis
mowamlam gansakuTrebiT intensiuri saxe miiRo.
1992 wlisaTvis msoflioSi 2000-ze meti atomuri afTqebaa ganxorcielebuli.
Aam saerTo ricxvidan 1000-ze meti aSS-s damsaxurebas warmoadgens; yofili
ssrk-s damsaxureba daaxloebiT 700-ia; 150-idan 200-amde safrangeTis sindiszea,
xolo 50-50-i britaneTisa da CineTis miRwevebs warmoadgens.
sainteresoa is faqti, rom Yyvela birTvuli teqnologiis mwarmoebelma
qveyanam ratomRac nagavsayrelad airCia okeane. safrangeTis (la-ate) da
britaneTis (sela-fildi) radioqimiuri qarxnebis toqsikuri narCenebi 1986 wlamde
irlandiis zRvaSi xvdeboda. Aanalizebma aCvenes rom 100 kilometris radiusSi im
adgilidan, sadac toqsinebi iyo moTavsebuli, SeiniSneba aqturi plutoniis SeRweva
zRvis fskeris gruntSi 20 santimetris siRrmeze. zogierTi eqspertis SefasebiT
irlandiuri zRvis dabinZurebis done msoflio okeanis dabinZurebis dones
aRemateba.
radioaqtiuli nivTierebebis zRvebisa da okeaneebis fskerze damarxva ufro
aqtiurad daiwyo, rodesac gemebze gaCnda atomuri reaqtorebi. ramdenime aTeuli
wlis win ruseTSi, kolskis yureSi meTevzeebi sxvadasxva jiSis Tevzs iWerdnen,
xolo amJamad wylis zedapiri dafarulia navTobisa da zeTis cximiani laqebiT,
romlebic talRebs gamoaqvT sanapiroze. am peizaJs amSvenebs moZvelebuli
gemebis sasaflao, romelic gadaSlilia sanapiros gaswvriv. A aq aseve moZraobs
ramodenime aseuli samoqalaqo gemi da wyalqveSa navebi, romlebic ruseTis
samxedro-sazRvao flotis sakuTrebas warmoadgens.
rac Seexeba wyalqveSa navebis birTvul sawvavs, magaliTad, ruseTSi mis
Sesanaxad iyo agebuli specialuri avzebi. Aam avzebSi aTavsebdnen
gadamuSavebul urans, imisaTvis rom radiaqtiulobas daewia maCveneblebamde,
romlebic mis transportirebis saSualebas iZleoda. am gziT inaxeba aTobiT aTasi
konteineri, da am danadgarebTan muSaobs specialurad momzadebuli personali,
rogorc wesi birTvul wyalqveSa navebSi namuSevari oficrebi. 1982 wels erT-
erTma aseTma sacavma gaJona. radioaqtiuli nivTierebebi moxvda gruntSi da
kolskis yureSi.
aranakleb sainteresoa is faqtic, rom im droisTvis arsebobda molaparakeba
sabWoTa kavSirsa da norvegias Soris msgavsi incidentebis SemTxvevaSi
dauyovneblivi informaciis gacvlis Taobaze, magram miuxedavad amisa ase ar
moxda. Mmxolod mravali wlis Semdeg gazeTSi “izvestia” daibeWda masala
saxelwodebiT “ucnobi avaria CrdiloeT flotis radioaqtiuli narCenebis sacavSi”.
Ees publikacia mxolod imitom gaxda SesaZlebeli, rom norvegiulma ekologiurma
organizaciam, saxelwodebiT “beluna”, raRacnairad moipova CrdiloeT flotis
arqivis masalebi. gazeTma “aftenfostenma” ki gamoamzeura es sensaciuri
masala, ekologebis daskvnebi da rukebi, sadac miTiTebuli iyo flotis bazebis
sacavebis da sxva obieqtebis adgilmdebareoba.
Akidev erT, aseve Zalze saintereso meTods mimarTavdnen ruseTSi
radioaqtiuli nivTierebebis dasamarxad. iTvleba rom konteinerebi, sadac Sxami
inaxeba ar ganicdis zemoqmedebas wylisa da wnevis miuxedavad, rom isini
hermetiulia da rom maTi kontaqti garemosTan SeuZlebelia. Tumca praqtikam
sapirispiro aCvena. konteinerebi, romlebsac uSvebdnen wyalze zogjer ar
iZireboda... da jariskacebi maT ubralod cecxls uxsnidnen.
 verc imas vityviT rom am problemebze dRemde aravin dafiqrebula,
magram erTiani gamosavali am sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT ver gamoZebnes.
SeuZlebelia danamdvilebiT iTqvas Seicvala Tu ara bevri, an Tundac cota ram
1985 wlidan, rodesac londonSi Caatares konvencia swored aseT sakiTxebze
saTaTbirod, magram erTi raRac ueWvelia, evropelebi yvela sakiTxs safuZvlianad
udgebian xolme, bevrs fiqroben xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi, yvelafers awon-
dawonian da... gadawyveten, roca saSveli aRaravin rCeba. dReisaTvis verc erTi
eqsperti danamdvilebiT ver upasuxebs kiTxvas, Tu sad unda SevinaxoT
radioaqtiuli narCenebi, romlebic safrTxes warmoadgenen aTaswleulebis
manZilze. faqtiurad aravin icis sad aris usafrTxo gadamuSavebuli birTvuli
sawvavis Senaxva, anu jerac gaurkvevelia Tu ra vqnaT...
homosapiensi... xandaxan igi sastiki monstri ar aris, xandaxan ubralod
daudevrobiT gamoirCeva. Aaba ra, Cven adamianebi Secdomebsac vuSvebT,
raRacas vakeTebT, vaqturobT, vRelavT, vfarTxalebT, vfusfusebT, mere ki
romelime mniSvnelovan xelsawyoze yava gadagvesxmeva xolme, an
SemTxveviT xels gavkravT romelime mniSvnelovan Rilaks da bum! milionobiT
danaSaulebs Soris, romlebic kacobriobas Cveni planetis winaSe miuZRvis erT-
erTi yvelaze gaxmaurebuli da saSineli aris Cernobilis katastrofa. incidentamde
qalaqSi cxovrobda 12,5 aTasi adamiani, sanam 1986 wlis 26 aprils Cernobilis
atomuri eleqtrosadguris erT-erT reaqtorSi ar moxda avaria, romelic aRiarebulia
atomuri energetikis istoriaSi udides katastrifad. garemoSi gamoiyo didi
raodenobiT radioaqtiuli nivTierebebi, Mmecnierebi dRemde daoben misi
Sedegebis Sesaxeb, xolo statistikuri monacemebi, romlebic mravlad moipoveba,
yovelTvis gansxvavebul cifrebs iZleva. danamdvilebiT mxolod imis Tqma
SeiZleba, rom dabinZureba ar SemoisazRvra 30 kilometriani zoniT. Tu ki
dazaralebulebSi CavTvliT Cernobilis maxloblad mcxovreb adaminebs,
romlebmac Tavdapirvelad araferi icodnen katastrofis Sesaxeb da gamovidnen
pirveli maisis aRsaniSnav demonstraciaze, maSin am katastrofis Sedegebi
xirosimas dabombvis tolfasia.
2006 wels amerikulma arakomerciulma mecnierul-gamokvleviTma
organizaciam “bleqsmiTis instituti” gamoaqveyna dedamiwaze yvelaze
dabinZurebuli wertilebis sia, sadac Cernobili pirvel aTeulSi Sedioda. Ggrinfisi da
saerTaSoriso organizacia “eqimebi atomuri omis winaaRmdeg” amtkiceben, rom
avariis Sedegad mxolod likvidatorebs Soris aseulobiT aTasi adamiania daRupuli.
evropaSi dafiqsirebulia aTeulobiT aTasi defeqtis gamovlenis SemTxveva
axlSobilebSi, amdenive farisebri jirkvlis kibos SemTxveva da maTi
prognozebis Tanaxmad am faqtoris zegavleniT mosalodnelia kidev 50-amde
aTasi. organizacia “kavSiri Cernobilis” monacemebis mixedviT ki 600 000
likvidatoridan daiRupa 10%, xolo 165 000 gaxda invalidi. zogierTi
gamokvlevis Sedegebis Tanaxmad, rogorc likvidatorebs, aseve maxloblad
mcxovreb mosaxleobas Soris sagrZnoblad imata leikemiis da sxvadasxvagvari
kibos SemTxvevebma. Ggamocdilebidan gamomdinare, kerZod xirosimas da
nagasakis dabombvis Sedegad daSavebul mosaxleobaze dakvirvebebis Semdeg
damtkicda, rom wlebis ganmavlobaSi leikemiiT daavadebis riski klebulobs,
xolo sxva saxis kibos gaCenis SemTxvevebi ki sapirispirod - izrdeba.
cnobili
faqtia, rom
adamianis
arsebas uWirs
misTvis
gankuTvnil
CarCoebSi
moTavseba,
igi ver
isvenebs,
dardobs...
mokled
Zalian
mousvenari
ramaa es
homosapiensis goneba, da ai, siaxleebis da saidumloebebis ZiebaSi miaSura man
kosmosis ukidegano sivrces. Kkacobrioba ki, sadac midis aucileblad cdilobs kvali
datovos, zogi naklebad, zogic metad. viRaca xeze daniT Seyvarebulis saxels
amojijgnis, sxva sakuTar saxels... zogierTis egom ki iseT simaRleebs miaRwia
rom mzadaa sakuTari qveynis droSa sxva planetis zedapirze daarWos. dafrinaven
adamianebi, xan aqeT, xanac iqiT da uxariaT, Sedegic saxezea... aerokosmiuri
moRvaweobis sfero moicavs aviacias, kosmosur dargs, haernaosnobas,
kosmonavtikas da uWiravs didi roli uSiSroebisa da civilizaciis ganviTarebis
sakiTxebSi, magram amavdroulad aqtiurad moqmedebs planetis zedapirze,
dedamiwis atmosferoze da kosmosur sivrceze, rac Tavismxriv iwvevs
mniSvnelovan ekologiur Sedegebs, rogoricaa masiuri dabinZureba.
ekousafrTxoebis sakiTxebis mogvareba ki am sferoSi aSkarad moikoWlebs.
kosmosur dargSi moRvawe saxelmwifoebs: ruseTs, aSS-s da CineTs saerTod ara
aqvT raime saxis SeTanxmebuli strategiuli gegma am sferos ekologiuri kuTxis
ganxriT, faqtiurad es sfero saerTod auTsaideris rolSia ekousafrTxoebis
TvalsazrisiT.
saubedurod, an iqneb sabednierodac, iluzia imis Taobaze, rom dedamiwis
resursebi ulevia TandaTan qreba, da qreba katastrofiuli siswrafiT. samwuxarod
imaze swrafad, vidre homosapiensebis goneba amas acnobierebs. didi rvianis
nacionaluri mecnierebaTa akedemiebis da gaerTianebul erTa organizaciebis
saerTaSoriso eqspertebis jgufis saerTo daskvnaSi weria, rom temperaturam
dedamiwaze aiwia saSualod 0,7 °C, didi roli am cvlilebebSi adamianma iTamaSa.
Ppirvel rigSi atmosferoSi airebis amofrqveviT, iseTis rogoricaa naxSiroJangi
(CO2), meTani(CH4) da sxva. maT gamoiwvies saTburis efeqti. E
es niSnavs, rom XXI saukuneSi dedamiwis zedapiris saSualo temperaturam
SesaZlebelia aiwios 1,1 -dan 6,4 °C-mde. calkeul regionebSi ki SeiZleba piriqiT,
daiwios. Tu davujerebT prognozebs, 2010 wlisaTvis tempertura evropaSi
daiwevs erTi gradusiT, xolo Semdeg isev aiwevs. Aanu saukunis meore
naxevarSi evropaSi sagrZnoblad daTbeba. Ookeanis zrdis garda temperaturis
globaluri aweva imoqmedebs naleqebis raodenobaze, Sedegad gaxSirdeba
bunebrivi kataklizmebi, iseTebi rogoricaa wyaldidobebi, gvalvebi, grigalebi da a.
S. mravali biologiuri saxeoba gadaSendeba.
daaxloebiT sami meoTxedi mavne airebis amofrqveva ukanaskneli 20 wlis
manZilze gamowveulia navTobis, bunebrivi airis da naxSiris gamoyenebiT.
danarCeni nawili gamowveulia landSaftis cvlilebebiT, pirvel rigSi tyeebis
gaCexviT. daTboba da okeanis donis aweva gagrZeldeba aTaswleulebis manZilze
im SemTxvevaSic Tu ki atmosferoSi arasasurveli airebis done daregulirdeba.
erT-erTi procesi romelic amtkicebs globaluri daTbobis Teorias aris
myinvarebis dnoba. 2002 wels erT-erT myinvars, romelic mdebareobs antarqtidis
naxevarkunZulze, gamoeyo aisbergi. misi zoma daaxloebiT 2500 km. iyo, rac
faqtiurad niSnavs rom myinvari daiSala. es procesi mxolod 35 dRe
grZeldeboda, iqamde yinuli Tavis adgilze imyofeboda aTi aTasi wlis
ganmavlobaSi gamyinvarebis droidan.
zogierTi moazrovne, romelTac Rrmad da gulwrfelad sjeraT, rom xvalindeli
dRe usaTuod dadgeba, rasakvirvelia miaCniaT, rom daTboba klimatis bunebrivi
cvlilebebis CarCoebSi xvdeba da ar saWiroebs raime saxis gansakuTrebul axsnas.
isini Tvlian, - daTboba grZeldeba mokle xnis ganmavlbaSi da SeuZlebelia
danamdvilebiT vTqvaT, rom igi saerTod mimdinareobs.
arseboben ufro pesimisturad ganwyobili mkvlevarebic, magaliTad p. Svarcs
da d. rendels sxvagvarad miaCniaT. maTi prognozebiT XXI saukunis pirvel
meoTxedSi SesaZlebelia klimatis mkveTri naxtomi gauTvaliswinebeli
mimarTulebiT, Sedegad axali gamyinvarebis xanis dasawyisi, romlis periodic
aseulobiT wels gastans.
asea Tu ise, sanam mamakacebi omobanas TamaSoben, xolo qalbatonebi
SesaSxurebeli sunamoebiT ozonis Sres anadgureben da fiqroben TavianT patar-
patara problemebze da sazrunavebze, dedamiwa iRupeba. ra gasakviria, am
cocxal ujreds ukidegano kosmosis sivrceSi, Tavisive Svilebi axrCoben da
wamlaven aTaseulobiT wlebis manZilze. adamianis “moRvaweoba” Seexo
TiToeul cocxal arsebas, pirvel rigSi ki Tavad dedamiwas.
Cvens mravalferovan planetaze arsebobs mxolod erTi arseba, romelic
eqceva sxvebs, ise rogorc adamiani eqceva dedamiwas. Ees aris umciresi zomis
cocxali organizmi, romelic virusis saxelwodebiTaa cnobili. laTinuri sityva
“virusi” Sxams niSnavs, ase uwodes mas homosapiensebma. virusi amJRavnebs
cocxali organizmisTvis damaxasiaTebel Tvisebebs, maT Soris gamravlebas, roca
cocxal ujredSi xvdeba, igi iwvevs saSiS daavadebebs da sikvdils. homosapiensis
msgavsad igi anadgurebs im samyaros sadac gacocxlda.