9

SUMRIO

VOLUME I
29 31 37 42 45 47 55 76 79 87 91 Agradecimentos Apresentao da edio brasileira
Abel, Niels Henrik [1802-1829]

Matemtica | Oysten Ore

Agassiz, Louis [1807-1873]

Zoologia, geologia, paleontologia | Edward Lurie

Alberti, Leone Battista [1404-1472]

Matemtica, fsica, filosofia natural | Bertrand Gille

Alembert, D [1717-1783]

Fsica, matemtica | J. Morton Briggs

Alhazen [Ibn al-Haytham] [965-1040] ptica, astronomia, matemtica | A. I. Sabra Alpetrgio [al-Bitruji] [c. 1190]

Astronomia, filosofia natural | Julio Sams

Ampre, Andr-Marie [1775-1836] Matemtica, qumica, fsica | L. Pearce Williams Aquino, Santo Toms de [c. 1225-1274]

Filosofia | William A. Wallace

Aristteles [384-322 a.C.]

Filosofia, fsica, astronomia, biologia | G. E. L. Owen, D. M. Balme, Leonard G. Wilson, L. Minio-Paluello 125 143 149 151 161 168 175 177
Arquimedes [c. 287-212 a.C.] Matemtica, mecnica | Marshall Clagett Arrehnius, Svante [1859-1927] Qumica, fsica | H. A. M. Snelders Avempace [Ibn Bajja] [final do sc. XI -1138-1139]

Filosofia | Shlomo Pines

Averroes [Ibn Rushd] [1126-1198]

Astronomia, filosofia, medicina | Albert Izkandar

Avicena [Ibn Sina] [980-1037] Filosofia, medicina | G. C. Anawati, Albert Z. Iskandar Avogadro, Amedeo [1776-1856]

Fsica, qumica | M. P. Crosland

Babbage, Charles [1792-1871]

Matemtica, lgica | Norman T. Gridgeman

Bachelard, Gaston [1884-1962] Filosofia da cincia | F. Dagognet

10

179 183 191 193 194

Bacon, Francis [1561-1626]

Filosofia da cincia | Mary Hesse

Bacon, Roger [c. 1219-c. 1292]

Filosofia natural, ptica, astronomia | A. C. Crombie, J. D. North

Baghdadi, al- [Abu Mansur] [?-1037] Matemtica | A. S. Saidan Banach, Stefan [1892-1945]

Matemtica | Miroslav Kate tov

Banu Musa (Muhammad, Ahmad e al-Hasan) [incio do sc. IX - 873 (Muhammad)]

Matemtica, astronomia | J. al-Dabbagh 197 199 202 206 209 219 229 234 234 238 239 239 240 241 249 259
Bateson, William [1861-1926] Biologia, gentica | William Coleman Becquerel, Henri [1852-1908] Fsica | Alfred Romer Bergson, Henri [1859-1941] Filosofia | T. A. Goudge Berkeley, George [1685-1753] Filosofia da cincia | Gerd Buchdahl Bernard, Claude [1813-1878]

Biologia, fisiologia, medicina | M. D. Grmek

Bernoulli, Daniel [1700-1782]

Matemtica, fsica, medicina | Hans Straub

Bernoulli, Jakob I [1654-1705]

Matemtica, mecnica, astronomia | J. E. Hofmann

Bernoulli, Jakob II [1759-1789]

Matemtica | J. O. Fleckenstein
Bernoulli, Johann I [1667-1748] Matemtica | E. A Fellmann, J. O. Fleckenstein Bernoulli, Johann II [1710-1790]

Matemtica | J. O. Fleckenstein
Bernoulli, Johann III [1744-1807]

Matemtica, astronomia | J. O. Fleckenstein

Bernoulli, Nikolaus I [1687-1759]

Matemtica | J. O. Fleckenstein
Bernoulli, Nikolaus II [1695-1726]

Matemtica | J. O. Fleckenstein
Berthelot, Marcellin [1827-1907]

Qumica | M. P. Crosland
Berthollet, Claude [1748-1822]

Qumica | Satish C. Kapoor

Berzelius, Jns Jacob [1779-1848]

Qumica | Henry M. Leicester

11

266 276 283 290 306 314 316 322 327 333 334 340 356 361 362 364 367 368 373 375 381

Biruni, al- [973-depois de 1050] Astronomia, matemtica, geografia | E. S. Kennedy Boas, Franz [1858-1942] Antropologia | Fred W. Voget Bocio [c. 480-524/525]

Lgica, matemtica, filosofia | Lorenzo Minio-Paluello

Bohr, Niels [1885-1962] Fsica, filosofia da cincia | Leon Rosenfeld Boltzmann, Ludwig [1844-1906] Fsica, matemtica, termodinmica | Stephen G. Brush Bolyai, Jnos [1802-1860]

Matemtica | D. J. Struik
Bolzano, Bernard [1781-1848] Filosofia, matemtica, lgica | B. van Rootselaar Boole, George [1815-1864]

Matemtica, lgica | T. A. A. Broadbent

Born, Max [1882-1970]

Fsica | Armin Hermann

Bourbaki, Nicolas [sculo XX]

Matemtica | R. P. Boas Jr.

Boyle, Robert [1627-1691]

Filosofia natural, fsica, qumica | Marie Boas Hall

Brahe, Tycho [1546-1601] Astronomia | C. Doris Hellman Breuer, Josef [1842-1925]

Medicina, fisiologia, psicologia | Paul F. Cranefield

Broca, Pierre Paul [1824-1880]

Medicina, antropologia | Edwin Clarke

Broglie, Maurice de [1875-1960] Fsica | Adrienne R. Weil-Brunschvicg, John L. Heilbron Brouwer, Luitzen [1881-1966] Matemtica | B. van Rootselaar Brunelleschi, Filippo [1377-1446]

Matemtica, arquitetura, engenharia | Bertrand Gille

Bruno, Giordano [1548-1600]

Filosofia | Frances A. Yates

Brunschvicg, Lon [1869-1944] Filosofia | Yvon Belaval Buffon, conde de [1707-1788]

Filosofia natural | Jacques Roger

Buridan, Jean [c. 1295-c. 1358]

Filosofia, lgica, fsica | Ernest A. Moody

12

387 389 395 402 405 414 420 422 440 444 448 456 458 459 459 470 479 487 492 493 502

Campanella, Tommaso [1568-1639] Filosofia natural | Charles B. Schmitt Cannon, Walter [1871-1945]

Biologia, fisiologia | Saul Benison, A. Clifford Barger

Cantor, Georg [1845-1918]

Matemtica | H. Meschkowski
Cardano, Girolamo [1501-1576]

Medicina, matemtica, fsica, filosofia | Mario Gliozzi

Carnot, Lazare [1753-1823]

Matemtica, engenharia, mecnica | Charles C. Gillispie

Carnot, Sadi [1796-1832]

Fsica, termodinmica | James F. Challey

Cartan, lie [1869-1951]

Matemtica | Jean Dieudonn

Cauchy, Augustin-Louis [1789-1857]

Matemtica, fsica, astronomia | Hans Freudenthal

Cavalieri, Bonaventura [c. 1598-1647]

Matemtica | Ettore Carruccio

Cavendish, Henry [1731-1810]

Filosofia natural | Russel McCormmach

Cayley, Arthur [1821-1895] Matemtica, astronomia | J. D. North Chagas, Carlos [1879-1934] Medicina | Carlos Chagas Filho Charcot, Jean-Martin [1825-1893]

Medicina | Andre Ttry

Chaucer, Geoffrey [1343/1344 - 1400]

Astronomia | Derek J. de Solla Price

Chebyshev, Pafnuty [1821-1894]

Matemtica | A. P. Youschkevitch
Chetverikov, Sergei [1880-1959] Biologia, gentica, evoluo, entomologia | Mark B. Adams Chin Chiu-shao [c. 1202-1261]

Matemtica | Ho Peng-Yoke
Chu Shih-chieh [c. 1280-1303]

Matemtica | Ho Peng Yoke

Clapeyron, mile [1799-1864] Engenharia, termodinmica | Milton Kerker Clausius, Rudolf [1822-1888] Fsica, termodinmica | Edward E. Daub Clifford, William [1845-1879]

Matemtica | John D. North

13

503 506 510 516 522 525 531 541 549 551 557 563 574 587 593 598

Colombo, Cristvo [1451-1506] Geografia | Os Editores Comenius, John Amos [1592-1670] Filosofia | Hans Aarsleff Compton, Arthur [1892-1962] Fsica | Robert S. Shankland Comte, Auguste [1798-1857]

Filosofia, sociologia | Laurens Laudan

Condamine, La [1701-1774]

Matemtica, filosofia natural | Yves Laissus

Condorcet, marqus de [1743-1794]

Matemtica | Gilles Granger

Coprnico, Nicolau [1473-1543] Astronomia | Edward Rosen Coulomb, Charles [1736-1806] Fsica, mecnica | C. Stewart Gillmor Cruz, Oswaldo [1872-1917]

Medicina | Nancy Stepan

Curie, Marie [1867-1934]

Fsica | Adrienne R. Weill

Curie, Pierre [1859-1906] Fsica | Jean Wyart Dalton, John [1766-1844] Fsica, qumica | Arnold Thackray Darwin, Charles [1809-1882]

Biologia, evoluo, geologia | Gavin de Beer

Davy, Humphry [1778-1829]

Qumica | David M. Knight

Dedekind, Richard [1831-1916] Matemtica | Kurt-R. Biermann Descartes, Ren [1596-1650]

Filosofia, matemtica, fsica, fisiologia | Alistar C. Crombie, Michael S. Mahoney, Theodore M. Brown 613 619 631 641 645
Diderot, Denis [1713-1784] Filosofia | Charles Coulston Gillispie Diofanto de Alexandria [c. 250 d.C.] Matemtica | Kurt Vogel, Jacques Sesiano Dirac, Paul [1902-1984]

Fsica, cosmologia | Olivier Darrigol

Dirichlet, Gustav [1805-1859]

Matemtica | Oystein Ore

Dobzhansky, Theodosius [1900-1975]

Biologia, gentica, evoluo | Francisco J. Ayala

14

653 663 669 672 681 704 706 751 768 773 778 782 795 799 810 817 819 829 833 835 838

Duhem, Pierre [1861-1916]

Fsica, qumica, filosofia da cincia | Donald G. Miller

Dumas, Jean-Baptiste [1800-1884]

Qumica | Satish C. Kapoor

Drer, Albrecht [1471-1528]

Matemtica | Max Steck

Ehrlich, Paul [1854-1915] Biologia, imunologia | Claude E. Dolman Einstein, Albert [1879-1955] Fsica, cosmologia | Martin J. Klein, Nandor L. Balazs Empdocles de Agrigento [c. 492-c. 432 a.C.]

Filosofia | Alexander P. D. Maurelatos

Euclides [c. 295 a.C.] Matemtica | Ivor Bulmer-Thomas, John Murdoch Euler, Leonhard [1707-1783]

Matemtica, mecnica, astronomia, fsica | A. P. Youschkevitch

Ewing, Maurice [1906-1974] Geofsica | Henry Frankel Fabrizio, Geronimo [c. 1533-1619]

Medicina, anatomia, fisiologia | Bruno Zanobio

Farabi, al- [c. 870-950] Filosofia | Muhsin Mahdi, O. Wright Faraday, Michael [1791-1867] Qumica, fsica | L. Pearce Williams Farghani, al- [?-depois de 861]

Astronomia | A. I. Sabra
Fermat, Pierre de [1601-1665]

Matemtica | Michael S. Mahoney

Fermi, Enrico [1901-1954]

Fsica | Emilio Segr

Ferro, Scipione [1465-1526] Matemtica | Arnaldo Masotti Fibonacci, Leonardo [c. 1170-depois de 1240]

Matemtica | Kurt Vogel

Fisher, Ronald [1890-1962]

Biologia, gentica, estatstica | Norman T. Gridgeman

Fleming, Alexander [1881-1955] Medicina | Claude E. Dolman Fludd, Robert [1574-1637] Alquimia, medicina | Allen G. Debus Fourier, Jean Baptiste [1768-1830]

Matemtica, fsica | Jerome R. Ravetz, I. Grattan-Guinness

15

844 855 857 860 866 877 879

Franklin, Benjamin [1706-1790]

Fsica | I. Bernard Cohen

Frazer, James [1854-1941]

Antropologia | Diana M. Simpkins

Frege, Gottlob [1848-1925]

Lgica, matemtica | B. van Rootselaar

Fresnel, Augustin [1788-1827] Fsica, ptica | Robert H. Silliman Freud, Sigmund [1856-1939] Psicologia | Peter Amacher Friedmann, Aleksandr [1888-1925]

Matemtica, fsica, cosmologia | A. T. Grigorian

Frisch, Karl von [1886-1982] Zoologia, etologia | Richard W. Burkhardt Jr.

887 893

ndice onomstico ndice de disciplinas

17

VOLUME II
925 927 933 937 948 961 967 972 974 976 982 999 1010 1012 1019 1024 1034 1039 1047 1049 1054 Agradecimentos Apresentao da edio brasileira
Gabor, Dennis [1900-1979] Fsica, engenharia | S. T. Keith Galeno [129/130 d.C.-199/200 d.C.]

Medicina | Fridolf Kudlien, Leonard G. Wilson

Galileu [1564-1642]

Fsica, astronomia | Stillman Drake

Gall, Franz Joseph [1758-1828] Medicina, psicologia | Robert M. Young Galois, Evariste [1811-1832]

Matemtica | Ren Taton

Galton, Francis [1822-1911]

Estatstica, psicologia | Norman T. Gridgeman

Galvani, Luigi [1737-1798] Fisiologia, fsica | Theodore M. Brown Gassendi, Pierre [1592-1655] Filosofia, astronomia | Bernard Rochot Gauss, Carl Friedrich [1777-1855]

Matemtica | Kenneth O. May

Gay-Lussac [1778-1850]

Qumica, fsica | M. P. Crosland

Germain, Sophie [1776-1831]

Matemtica | Edna E. Kramer

Gibbs, Josiah Willard [1839-1903] Fsica | Martin J. Klein Gilbert, William [1544-1603] Filosofia natural | Suzanne Kelly Gdel, Kurt [1906-1978]

Lgica, matemtica | Gregory H. Moore

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von [1749-1832] Filosofia natural, geologia, ptica | George A. Wells Habash al-Hasib [?-864/874]

Matemtica, astronomia | S. Tekeli

Hadamard, Jacques [1865-1963] Matemtica | S. Mandelbrojt Haeckel, Ernst [1834-1919]

Zoologia | Georg Uschmann

Hahnemann, Samuel [1755-1843]

Medicina | Daniel P. Jones

18

1055 1058 1064 1073 1086 1094 1107 1109 1119 1127 1142 1143 1155 1162 1164 1169 1175 1181 1198 1207 1223

Haldane, John [1892-1964]

Biologia, gentica | Ronald W. Clark

Halley, Edmond [1656?-1743]

Astronomia, geofsica | Colin A. Ronan

Hamilton, William Rowan [1805-1865]

Matemtica, ptica, mecnica | Thomas L. Hankins

Harvey, William [1578-1657] Medicina | Jerome J. Bylebyl Heisenberg, Werner [1901-1976] Fsica | David C. Cassidy Helmholtz, Hermann von [1821-1894]

Fisiologia, fsica, ptica, filosofia da cincia | R. Steven Turner

Herclito de feso [c. 500 a.C.] Filosofia | David J. Furley Hertz, Heinrich [1857-1894] Fsica | Russel McCormmach Hilbert, David [1862-1943] Matemtica | Hans Freudenthal Hiparco [primeiro quarto do sculo II a.C.-depois de 127 a.C.]

Astronomia, matemtica, geografia | G. J. Toomer

Hiptia [c. 370-415]

Matemtica, filosofia | Edna E. Kramer

Hipcrates de Cs [460 a.C.-c. 370 a.C.]

Medicina | Robert Joly

Hobbes, Thomas [1588-1679]

Filosofia, ptica | Samuel I. Mintz

Hopf, Heinz [1894-1971]

Matemtica | Hans Freudenthal

Hubble, Edwin [1889-1953]

Astronomia, cosmologia | G. J. Whitrow

Humboldt, Alexander von [1769-1859]

Geografia, filosofia natural | Kurt-R. Biermann

Hume, David [1711-1776]

Filosofia | John Passmore

Hunayn ibn Ishaq [808-873]

Medicina, filosofia | G. C. Anawati, Albert Z. Iskandar

Huxley, Thomas [1825-1895]

Zoologia, evoluo, paleontologia | Wesley C. Williams

Huygens, Christiaan [1629-1695] Matemtica, fsica, ptica, astronomia | H. J. M. Bos Ikhwan al-Safa

Filosofia | Yves Marquet

19

1225 1229 1235 1238 1240 1246 1248 1253 1260 1262 1274 1280 1285 1292 1297 1310 1334 1337

Jabir ibn Hayyan [final do sculo VIII e incio do sculo IX]

Alquimia | M. Plessner
Jacobi, Carl Gustav [1804-1851] Matemtica | Christoph J. Scriba Jefferson, Thomas [1743-1826]

Botnica, paleontologia | Silvio A. Bedini

Jenner, Edward [1749-1823] Medicina | Leonard G. Wilson Jordan, Pascual [1902-1980]

Fsica | Karl von Meyenn

Joule, James [1818-1889]

Fsica | L. Rosenfeld
Jung, Carl Gustav [1875-1961]

Psicologia | Michael Fordham

Kamal al-Din [?-1320]

ptica, matemtica | Roshdi Rashed

Kamerlingh Onnes, Heike [1853-1926]

Fsica | J. van den Handel

Kant, Immanuel [1724-1804]

Filosofia | James W. Ellington

Karaji, al- [final do sculo X e incio do sculo XI]

Matemtica | Roshdi Rashed

Karpinsky, Alexandr [1847-1936]

Geofsica | Irina V. Batyushkova

Kashi, al- [?-1429]

Astronomia, matemtica | A. P. Youschkevitch, B. A. Rosenfeld

Kekul [1829-1896]

Qumica | Jean Gillis

Kelvin, lorde [William Thomson] [1824-1907]

Fsica | Jed Z. Buchwald

Kepler, Johannes [1571-1630] Astronomia | Owen Gingerich Keynes, John Maynard [1883-1946] Economia | Roy Forbes Harrod Khayyami, al- [Omar Khayyam] [1048?-1131?]

Matemtica, astronomia, filosofia | A. P. Youschkevitch, B. A. Rosenfeld 1347 1363 1369

Khazini, al- [c. 1115-c. 1130]

Astronomia, mecnica | Robert E. Hall

Kindi, al- [c. 801-c. 866]

Filosofia | Jean Jolivet, Roshdi Rashed

Klein, Felix [1849-1925]

Matemtica | Werner Burau, Bruno Schoeneberg

20

1373 1388 1396 1405 1420 1431 1557 1583 1585 1594

Koch, Robert [1843-1910]

Medicina | Claude E. Dolman

Koyr, Alexandre [1892-1964] Filosofia da cincia | Charles C. Gillispie Krebs, Hans Adolf [1900-1981]

Biologia, bioqumica | Frederic L. Holmes

Lagrange, Joseph Louis [1736-1813]

Matemtica, astronomia, mecnica | Jean Itard

Lamarck, Jean Baptiste [1744-1829]

Evoluo, botnica, zoologia | Leslie J. Burlingame

Laplace, Pierre-Simon [1749-1827] Astronomia, matemtica, fsica | Charles Coulston Gillispie Lavoisier [1743-1794] Qumica | Henry Guerlac Lebesgue, Henri Lon [1875-1941]

Matemtica | Thomas Hawkins

Legendre, Adrien-Marie [1752-1833]

Matemtica | Jean Itard

Leibniz [1646-1716]

Matemtica, lgica, filosofia | Frederick Kreiling, Jrgen Mittelstrass, Eric J. Aiton, Joseph E. Hofmann 1615
Leonardo da Vinci [1452-1519]

Anatomia, mecnica, matemtica, geologia | Charles C. Gillispie, Kenneth D. Keele, Ladislao Reti, Marshall Clagett, Augusto Marinoni, Cecil J. Schneer 1667 1674 1680 1684 1706 1713 1719 1725 1732
Li Chih [1192-1279]

Matemtica | Ho Peng-Yoke
Li Shih-Chen [1518-1593] Medicina | N. Sivin Lie, Sophus [1842-1899]

Matemtica | Hans Freudenthal

Liebig, Justus von [1803-1873]

Qumica | Frederic L. Holmes

Linnaeus, Carl [1707-1778]

Botnica, zoologia, geologia | Sten Lindroth

Liouville, Joseph [1809-1882] Matemtica | Ren Taton Liu Hui [c. 250 d.C.] Matemtica | Ho Peng-Yoke Lobachevsky, Nikolai [1792-1856]

Matemtica | B. A. Rosenfeld
Locke, John [1632-1704]

Filosofia | Maurice Cranston

21

1736 1749 1753

Lorentz, Hendrik [1853-1928] Fsica | Russell McCormmach Lyapunov, Aleksandr [1857-1918] Matemtica, mecnica | A. T. Grigorian Lyell, Charles [1797-1875]

Geologia, biologia | Leonard G. Wilson 1769 1775 ndice onomstico ndice de disciplinas

23

VOLUME III
1807 1809 1815 1827 1832 1839 1843 1848 1849 1855 1856 1860 1893 1901 1910 1917 1919 1925 1928 1941 1954 Agradecimentos Apresentao da edio brasileira
Mach, Ernst [1838-1916] Fsica, fisiologia, psicologia | Erwin N. Hiebert Maimnides [1135/1138-1204]

Medicina, filosofia | Shlomo Pines

Malebranche, Nicolas [1638-1715]

Filosofia | Pierre Costabel

Malpighi, Marcello [1628-1694]

Medicina, anatomia | Luigi Belloni

Malthus, Thomas [1766-1834]

Economia, demografia | Diana M. Simpkins

Marconi, Guglielmo [1874-1937]

Engenharia, fsica | Robert A. Chipman

Markov, Andrei Andreevich [1856-1922]

Matemtica | Alexander A. Youschkevitch

Martius, Von [1794-1868]

Botnica, zoologia | A. P. M. Sanders

Maupertuis [1698-1759]

Matemtica, biologia, fsica | Bentley Glass

Maxwell, James Clerk [1831-1879]

Fsica | C. W. F. Everitt
Mendel, Gregor [1822-1884]

Gentica | V. Kruta, V. Orel

Mendeleev, Dmitry [1834-1907] Qumica | B. M. Kedrov Mersenne, Marin [1588-1648]

Filosofia natural, mecnica, ptica | A. C. Crombie

Mesmer, Franz Anton [1734-1815]

Medicina | Robert Darnton

Meyer, Lothar [1830-1895]

Qumica | Otto Theodor Benfey

Minkowski, Hermann [1864-1909]

Matemtica | J. Dieudonn
Monod, Jacques [1910-1976] Biologia, bioqumica | Bernardino Fantini Morgan, Thomas [1866-1945]

Biologia, gentica | Garland E. Allen

Napier, John [1550-1617]

Matemtica | Margaret E. Baron

24

1958 1979 1983

Nernst, Walther [1864-1941] Qumica, fsica, termodinmica | Erwin N. Hiebert Neumann, Johann von [1903-1957]

Matemtica, fsica | J. Dieudonn

Newton, Isaac [1642-1727] Matemtica, fsica, astronomia, ptica, filosofia natural | I. Bernard Cohen Nicolau de Cusa [c. 1401-1464]

2044 2048 2050 2052 2056 2064 2069 2074

Filosofia, matemtica | J. E. Hoffmann

Noether, Emmy [1882-1935] Matemtica | Edna E. Kramer Nostradamus, Michael [1503-1566]

Medicina | Edward Rosen

Oersted, Hans Christian [1777-1851]

Fsica | L. Pearce Williams

Ohm, Georg [1789-1854] Fsica | Kenneth L. Caneva Oparin, Aleksandr [1894-1980]

Biologia, qumica | Mark B. Adams

Oppenheimer, Robert [1904-1967]

Fsica | Rudolf Peierls

Ostwald, Wilhelm [1853-1932] Fsica, qumica, filosofia da cincia | Erwin N. Hiebert, Hans-Gnther Krber Pappus de Alexandria [entre 300 e 350 d.C.] Matemtica, astronomia, geografia | Ivor Bulmer-Thomas Paracelso [1493/1494-1541]

2088 2098 2107 2119 2190 2194 2199 2203 2229 2236

Medicina, filosofia natural, alquimia | Walter Pagel

Pascal, Blaise [1623-1662] Matemtica, fsica, filosofia | Ren Taton Pasteur, Louis [1822-1895] Biologia, qumica | Gerald L. Geison Pauli, Wolfgang [1900-1958]

Fsica | M. Fierz
Pavlov, Ivan [1849-1936]

Fisiologia, psicologia | N. A. Grigorian

Peano, Giuseppe [1858-1932]

Matemtica, lgica | Hubert C. Kennedy

Pearson, Karl [1857-1936] Matemtica, estatstica | Churchill Eisenhart Peirce, Charles [1839-1914]

Lgica, matemtica, filosofia | Carolyn Eisele

Peregrinus, Peter [c. 1269] Filosofia natural | Edward Grant

25

2243 2244 2247 2253 2263 2272 2282 2292 2299 2308 2314 2334 2340 2341 2343 2344 2350 2358 2368 2371 2373

Perrin, Jean Baptiste [1870-1942] Fsica, qumica | Roger H. Stuewer Pinel, Philippe [1745-1826]

Medicina | Pierre Chabbert

Pitgoras [c. 560 a.C.-c. 480 a.C.]

Matemtica, astronomia | Kurt von Fritz

Planck, Max [1858-1947]

Fsica | Hans Kangro

Plato [427 a.C.-348/347 a.C.]

Filosofia | D. J. Allan
Poincar, Henri [1854-1912]

Matemtica, fsica, astronomia | Jean Dieudonn

Poisson, Simon-Denis [1781-1840]

Fsica, matemtica | Pierre Costabel

Pope, William [1870-1939] Qumica | Frederick George Mann Priestley, Joseph [1733-1804] Qumica, fsica, filosofia natural | Robert E. Schofield Proust, Joseph Louis [1754-1826]

Qumica | Seymour Mauskopf

Ptolomeu [c. 100 d.C.-c. 170 d.C.] Matemtica, astronomia | G. J. Toomer Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi [1236-1311] ptica, astronomia, medicina, filosofia | Seyyed Hossein Nasr Rabelais, Franois [1494?-1553?]

Medicina | Pierre Huard, Marie-Jos Imbault-Huart

Ramanujan, Srinivasa Aaiyangar [1887-1920]

Matemtica | Oysten Ore

Rayleigh, quarto baro [Robert John Strutt] [1875-1947] Fsica | Thadeus J. Trenn Rayleigh, terceiro baro [John William Strutt] [1842-1919] Fsica | R. B. Lindsay Raumur, Ren-Antoine [1683-1757]

Filosofia natural, biologia, fsica | J. B. Gough

Riemann, Bernhard [1826-1866]

Matemtica | Hans Freudenthal

Rntgen, Wilhelm [1845-1923] Fsica | G. LE Turner Rumford, conde [Benjamin Thompson] [1753-1814] Fsica | Sanborn C. Brown Russell, Bertrand [1872-1970]

Matemtica, lgica, filosofia da cincia | T. A. A. Broadbent

26

2382 2393 2395 2398 2400 2403 2407 2410 2416 2422 2428 2451 2458 2460 2467 2472 2474 2477 2480 2483 2486

Rutherford, Ernest [1871-1937]

Fsica, qumica | Lawrence Badash

Saccheri, Giovanni Girolamo [1667-1733] Matemtica | D. J. Struik Saint-Hilaire, tienne Geoffroy [1772-1844]

Zoologia | Franck Bourdier

Saint-Hilaire, Isidore Geoffroy [1805-1861]

Zoologia | Franck Bourdier

Samawal, al- [?-c. 1180]

Matemtica, medicina | Adel Anbouba

Schelling, Frederick [1775-1854]

Filosofia | Edith Selow

Schliemann, Heinrich [1822-1890]

Arqueologia | Glyn Daniel

Schrdinger, Erwin [1887-1961]

Fsica, cosmologia | Armin Hermann

Schwarzschild, Karl [1873-1916]

Astronomia | Sally H. Dieke

Shatir, Ibn al- [c. 1305-c. 1375]

Astronomia | David A. King

Shen Kua [1031-1095]

Astronomia | N. Sivin
Sommerfeld, Arnold [1868-1951] Fsica, matemtica | Paul Forman, Armin Hermann Spencer, Herbert [1820-1903]

Filosofia, sociologia | J. D. Y. Peel

Stahl, Georg Ernst [1659/1660-1734]

Medicina, qumica | Lester S. King

Stokes, George [1819-1903] Fsica, matemtica | E. M. Parkinson Sufi, al- [903-986] Astronomia | Paul Kunitzsch Tales de Mileto [625 a.C.?-547 a.C.?]

Filosofia | James Longrigg

Tartaglia, Niccol [1499/1500-1557] Matemtica, mecnica | Arnaldo Masotti Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre [1881-1955] Paleontologia, geologia, filosofia | Thomas F. Glick Telesio, Bernardino [1509-1588] Filosofia natural | Neal W. Gilbert Thabit ibn Qurra [836-901]

Matemtica, astronomia, medicina, filosofia | B. A. Rosenfeld, A. T. Grigorian

27

2492 2499 2502 2503 2508 2514 2522 2525 2533 2541 2545 2552 2565 2568 2570 2579 2587 2596 2599 2601 2607

Torricelli, Evangelista [1608-1647] Matemtica, fsica | Mario Gliozzi Turgot [1727-1781]

Economia, filosofia | Rhoda Rappaport

Turing, Alan [1912-1954]

Matemtica, lgica | B. van Rootselaar

Tusi, al- [Nasir al-Din] [1201-1274] Astronomia, matemtica, filosofia | Seyyed Hossein Nasr Vant Hoff, Jacobus [1852-1911]

Fsica, qumica | H. A. M. Snelders

Vavilov, Nikolay [1887-1943]

Botnica, gentica | Mark B. Adams

Vernadsky, Vladimir [1863-1945]

Mineralogia, biogeoqumica | I. A. Fedoseyev

Veslio, Andr [1514-1564]

Medicina | C. D. OMalley
Vite, Franois [1540-1603] Matemtica | H. L. L. Busard Virchow, Rudolf [1821-1902]

Antropologia, medicina | Guenter B. Risse

Vitrvio [incio do sc. I a.C.-c. 25 a.C.] Arquitetura | John Ward-Perkins, Derek de Sola Price, G. J. Toomer Volta, Alessandro [1745-1827]

Fsica | J. L. Heilbron
Voltaire [1694-1778]

Filosofia | Charles C. Gillispie

Volterra, Vito [1860-1940]

Matemtica, filosofia natural | E. Volterra

Vries, Hugo de [1848-1935] Biologia, gentica, botnica | Peter W. van der Pas Wallace, Alfred Russel [1823-1913]

Biologia, evoluo, filosofia | H. Lewis McKinney

Wang Hsi-shan [1628-1682]

Astronomia | Nathan Sivin

Watt, James [1736-1819] Engenharia, qumica | Harold Dorn Wegener, Alfred Lothar [1880-1930]

Geofsica | K. E. Bullen
Weierstrass, Karl [1815-1897] Matemtica | Kurt-R. Biermann Weismann, August [1834-1914]

Zoologia | Gloria Robinson

28

2613 2617

Weyl, Hermann [1885-1955] Matemtica, fsica | J. Dieudonn Whitehead, Alfred North [1861-1947] Matemtica, lgica, fsica, filosofia | William A. Barker, Karel L. de Bouvre, SCJ, James W. Felt, SJ Wien, Carl [1864-1928]

2625 2630 2634 2638 2652 2654 2656 2663 2673 2680 2685

Fsica, filosofia da cincia | Hans Kangro

Wiener, Norbert [1894-1964]

Matemtica | Hans Freudenthal

William de Ockham [c. 1285-1349] Filosofia | Ernest A. Moody Wilson, Edmund [1856-1939] Biologia | Garland E. Allen Wittgenstein, Ludwig [1889-1951]

Filosofia, lgica | Max Black

Wren, Christopher [1632-1723]

Matemtica, arquitetura | J. F. Scott

Yang Hui [c. 1261/1275] Matemtica | Ho Peng-Yoke Young, Thomas [1773-1829] Filosofia natural, ptica | Edgar W. Morse Yukawa, Hideki [1907-1981]

Fsica | Laurie M. Brown

Yunus, Ibn [?-1009]

Astronomia, matemtica | David A. King

Zermelo [1871-1953] Matemtica | B. van Rootselaar

2689 2695

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