Ch5:Voltage&Current

Transformers
Eng / Alaa Mohammed Hammadi Hammadi


.
) / ( .
/ .

100 110 KVARh , KV , KW ,

KWh
Load shedding Intrlock :
rated power
VA 300 MVA
.

) ( turns ratio voltage drop
VT
saturation .
Potential Transformer :
Capacitive Voltage Transformer

VT
VT :
.
Primary winding
.
Secondary Widing
.
Insulation

:
: Rated voltage 12 KV
: Level Voltage 12 28 75 100 110 KV
: Breakdown pulse Voltage
.
Turn Ratio .
: Accuracy Class .
.

0.1 0.2 0.5 1.0 3.0

P 3P 5P
. protection .

VT Phase
Neutral ) ( VA , VB , VC
12 VT Phases .

Phases phase
22 Resdual Connection
Unsymmetrical Faults Three Phases

. Unsymmetrical Faults
Symmetrical Faults
Residual
Voltage Zero Sequence Voltage
Vresidual Zero Sequence Voltage .
. Broken Delta
.

 Capacitive Voltage Transformer

*** :
.
Capacitive Voltage Transformer CVT
32 phases
Capacitor Divider
VT
.
CVT VT

.

************************************************* **********
current transformer
/
5
Turns Ratio 300 : 5 200 : 5 100 : 5 :
. 3000 : 1
.

) ( C.T :
.
)(line
Series Transformer
.

.

15 VA 0.5
30 VA 5p20 .
:


:
) ( Window type C.T or Ring type C.T or Through type C.T


) ( ) (L,K ) (

) ( ) (

BarType C.T
) (solid Bar
.

WoundType C.T

) (Dual Ratio
. ) (
) (100200/5 100/5
) ( 200/5 )(
.

 )(

Relay
42
CT 42
. Digital
Numbers . A/D Converter

/
.
:

N Turns Ratio
ZB
e.m.f Es
Is 62 / Vo/p
RCT RL

EK Knee point Voltage

)(12
F N .
ZB .

CT
. Excitation Current Ie
Ze
. / .

Magnetization Curve Excitation Curve Knee

point .
% 10 Es Ie 50
. % CT . Saturation
.



) (
saturation
) (
) ( d/dt
) (
DC Componenet
R X
R X . turns ratio
saturation Distortion
.

) ...(
) ( .
.
. ) ( . ) (
.

) ( . ) (

.
.

__________________________________________________________________
BURDEN
BURDEN .
BURDEN Volt Ampere
burden 12.5 VA 5A Burden
ZB = P/ I^2 = 12.5 / 25 = 0.5
Name Plate 15 VA 30 VA Accuracy
5P20 Cl 0.5
low burden
. Low Burden
) . (Electromagnetic or static relays
/
.






) (KNEE POINT
.

) (KNEE POINT .

* 5% 120% .
* .
* .
* Low Saturation Voltage

* .
* )
( .
*

.
*

High Saturation Voltage

:
Rated Burden
VA
(2.5 , 5 , 7.5 , 10 , 15 , 30 VA) :
: Continous Rated Current .
: Short circuit curre nt & duration time
.
: Rated 1 2 5 .
30 . 1A
: Turns ratio 3000/1 .
: Class .
Classes 10P , 5p Class X
. BS Class 5P Instantenous OC relays
Class 10P overcurrent IDMT
Class Class X
: Accuracy limit Factor ALF
.
200/1 ALF = 5
. 200*5 = 1000
ALF ) (22
CT : ALF

VK ) (12 ) (12
Bmax .

30 VA 5P10 100/1
) (100/1 Turns ratio
) (5P10 P 5 Accuracy
class P Accuracy limit Factor ALF
) (30 VA rated burden
CT ) ( 5% 10
1A .
: CT 10 A 1000 A
. 30 VA

: Turns ratio
: Polarity test 6 V CT

S1 .

 : ) S1 S2 ( P1 P2
. 122 .

: Saturation test
.

% %
.
:
Demagnetization
.
:
=

:

)(continuity

rated burden
S2 , S1 K , L

In
= ) (
rated burden

Open delta

Knee Point

Knee Point
Knee Point % %

: Knee Point
:
VA A , 5 P Is=5 C.T.R = 300/5
Volt = / * = Is / * = Knee Point
Vcallculated = ( ALF*Rated burden ) / In
where
In = nominal secondary current
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current transformer .c.t

c.t kv
voltage drop c.t
.
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