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tcef; ( 1 )
MICROSOFT WINDOWS' 98
yk(H 1)
Microsoft Windows'98 2
( i) Folder ESifh File rsm; wpfckxufydkía&G;cs,ful;,lvdkygu Ctrl Key udkESdyfvsuf
ul;,lvdkonfh Folder ESifh File rsm;udk Mouse jzifh Click vkyfí a½G;cs,fyg/
( p) ul;,lvdkonhf Folder ESifh File rsm; qufwdkufwpfqufwnf; wGJvsufjzpfygu
tpzdik u
f C
dk lick vkyNf y;D aemufShift KeyESyd v
f Qut
f qH;k zdik u
f kd Click vkyí
f a½G;cs,f
yg/ xkdtcg tpzdkifESihftqkH;zkdifMum;&Sd zkdiftm;vkH;udka&G;cs,fNyD;jzpfoGm;ygrnf/
(q) 4if;wdkYtm; Left Pane Window &Sd [C:] ay:odkY Drag and Dropvkyfyg/
yH(k 2)
3 Microsoft Windows'98
Hard Disk wpfckrS Folder ESifh File rsm;tm; tjcm; Hard Disk wpfckodkYul;,ljcif;
3/ Hard Disk wpfckrS Folder ESifh File rsm;tm; tjcm; Hard Disk wpfckodkY atmufyg
twdkif; ul;,lEdkifygonf-
(u) Windows Explorer udkzGifhyg/ Exploring Window ay:vmrnf/
( c) Left Pane Window wGif Hard Disk [C:] ukd Click vkyfyg/
( *) Right Pane Window wGif VOL_1 [C:] rS Folder ESihf File rsm; ay:vmrnf/
ul;,lvkdaom Folder ESifh File rsm;ukd a&G;cs,f&rnf/
(C) FolderESifh File wpfckukda&G;&ef 4if;FolderESifh Fileay:wGif Click vkyfyg/
( i) FolderESifhFile rsm; wpfckxufydkí a&G;cs,ful;,lvdkygu Ctrl Key udk ESdyfvsuf
ul;vdkonfh Folder ESifh File rsm;udk Click vkyfía½G;cs,fyg/
( p) ul;,lvo kd nhf Folder ESihf File rsm;wGv
J sujf zpfygu tpzdik u
f C
dk lick vkyNf y;D Shift
Key ESifhESdyfvQuftqHk;zdkifudk Click vkyfía½G;cs,fyg/
(q) 4if;Folder ESifh FilewdkYudk Left Pane Window &Sd Hard Disk [D:] ay:odkY
Drag and Drop vkyfyg/
rSwfcsuf/ Hard Disk ESpfckjzpfygu wpfckonf Drive[C:] jzpfNyD; usefwpfckonf
Drive[D:] jzpfrnf/ ul;,lrnfhFolder ESifhFile rsm;onf Drive[D:]\
Disk space ae&mvGwfwGif 0ifqefY&ygrnf/
yH(k 3)
5 Microsoft Windows'98
6/ Disk Cleanup vkyfjcif;jzifh Hard Disk &dStoHk;rvdkaom File rsm;? Temporary file
rsm;udk&SmNyD; List vkyfjyygrnf/ Check box rSma½G;cs,fí Disk Cleanup jyKvkyfEdkifygonf/
Disk Cleanup vkyfjcif;jzifh Free Space rnfrQtydkxGufvmEdkifaMumif; awGU&SdEdkifygonf/ Disk
Cleanup udkatmufygtqifhtwdkif; aqmif½GufvkyfaqmifEdkifygonf-
(u) Start Button → Program → Accessories → System Tools → Disk
Cleanup udk Select vkyfyg/ Select Drive dialog box ay:vmrnf/ yHk(4)
( c) Drive : List box wGif Disk Cleanup vkyfvkdaom Drive C: udka½G;cs,fí
OK udC k lick vkyfyg/ Disk Cleanup for (C:) dialog box ay:vmrnf/ yHk(5)
yH(k 4)
yH(k 5)
{
Windows'98 rS rvdktyfaom
zdik rf sm;udk y,fzsu&f ef 4if; Check
Box udk ü a&G;cs,fyg/
Microsoft Windows'98 6
( *) zsufvdkaom zdkifrsm;udk a½G;cs,fí OK udk Click vkyfyg/ Disk Cleanup for
C: dialog box ay:vmrnf/ yHk(6)
(C) trSefwu,fzsufvdkygu Yes udk Click vkyfyg/
yH(k 6)
yH(k 7)
7 Microsoft Windows'98
(C) 4if;rSS Add Printer icon udk double click vkyyf g/ Add Printer wizard dialog
box ay:vmrnf/ yHk(9)
yH(k 8)
( i) Install pwifvy
k af qmif&eftwGuf Next udk click vkyyf g/ atmufygtwdik ;f Add
Printer wizard dialog box xyfay:vmrnf/ yHk(10)
yH(k 9)
Microsoft Windows'98 8
( p) 4if;rS Network pepfwGifcsdwfquftoHk;jyKvdkygu Network printer udka&G;yg/
Network rokH;ygu Local Printer udka½G;cs,fNyD; Next udkESdyfyg/ atmufyg
twdkif; Add Printer wizard Dialog box xyfay:vmrnf/ yHk(11)
yH(k 10)
yH(k 11)
9 Microsoft Windows'98
( Z) 4if;rS wpfcuk adk &G;yg/ Oyrm-HP LaserJet 2000 udak ½G;cs,Nf y;D vQif Next udEk ydS yf g/
atmufyg Add Printer wizard dialog box xyfay:vmrnf/ yHk(12)
( Z) yHkrSeftm;jzifh LPT1wGif Select jzpfaernf/ 4if;rS Next udk ESdyfygu atmufyg
twdkif; Add printer wizard dialog box xyfay:vmrnf/ yHk(13)
yH(k 12)
yH(k 13)
Microsoft Windows'98 10
( ps) Default printer tjzpfxm;vdkygu Yes ? rxm;vdkygu No udk a½G;cs,fyg/
4if;aemuf Next udEk ydS yf gu atmufyg Add printer wizard dialog box xyfay:
vmrnf/ yHk(14)
yH(k 14)
yH(k 15)
yH(k 16)
rSwfcsuf / tcsdKU Printer rsm;onf Add Printer Wizard jzifh Install vkyfír&bJ
Installation CD jzifh oD;jcm; Install jyKvkyf&ygrnf/ 4if; CD onf
Auto Run ygu vdktyfovdk Click ESdyfí Setup jyKvkyf&ygrnf/ Auto
Run ryg0ifygu Start → Run → Browse jzifh Setup Program
&Sdaom Path udk a½G;cs,f&ygrnf/
yH(k 17)
yH(k 18)
yH(k 19)
(4) 4if; Windows rS Setup Icon ud&k mS í Double click vkyyf gu Setup
windows ay:vmrnf/ yHk(20) 4if;rS Next button udk click vkyfyg/
Microsoft Windows'98 14
yH(k 20)
(5) Software License Agreement dialog box ay:vmrnf/ yH(k 21) 4if;rS
Accept button udk Click vkyfyg/
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15 Microsoft Windows'98
yH(k 22)
yH(k 23)
Microsoft Windows'98 16
( 8) Adobe PageMaker 6.5 dialog box ay:vmrnf/ yH(k 24) yHr
k eS t
f m;jzifh
Adobe System 35K udktoifha½G;cs,fxm;NyD;jzpfrnf/ 4if;rS Next
button udk Click vkyfyg/
yH(k 24)
yH(k 25)
17 Microsoft Windows'98
(11) Adobe PageMaker 6.5 Setup dialog box ay:vmrnf/ yH(k 26) 4if;rS
Yes button udk Click vkyfyg/ xdktcg Page Maker 6.5 application
software rsm;tm; Installation jyKvkyfoGm;ygrnf/
yH(k 26)
(12) Page Maker 6.5 installation NyD;qHk;cgeD;wGif Post script font rsm;udk
toHk;jyKEdkifa&;twGuf Adobe Type Manager tm; ATM installer
rS Install jyKvkyfay;ygrnf/ yHk(27) Adobe Type Manager udk rxnfh
oGif;&ao;ygu Install button udk Click vkyfyg/ xnfhoGif;NyD;ygu
Cancel button udk Click vkyfyg/
yH(k 27)
Microsoft Windows'98 18
(13) 4if;aemufAdobe PageMaker 6.5 Setup dialog box jyefay:vmrnf/
yH(k 28) Finish button udk Click vkyí
f uGeyf sLwmtm; Restart jyefvyk yf g/
yH(k 28)
(C) z,f&mS ;vdak om Software Packages udk List box wGiaf ½G;cs,í
f Add/Remove
button udk Click vkyfyg/ yHk(29)?
yH(k 29)
yH(k 30)
yH(k 31)
( i) Dialog box twGif;rS Drives list box wGif Install vkyfrnfh Drive udk
a½G;cs,fyg/4if;aemuf Folders list box rS Install vkyfvdkaom Fonts &Sdonfh
Folder udk a½G;cs,fyg/ xdktcg List of fonts list box wGif Fonts list
rsm;udkawGU&rnf/ Install vkyfvdkaom Font rsm;udk a½G;cs,fí OKudk Click
vkyfyg/ (True Type Font wpfrsKd;twGuf *.TTF zdkifwpfckvdktyfygonf/)
Post Script Font Installation vk y f j cif ;
13/ Font rsm;tm; Install vkyfvdkygu atmufygtwdkif;vkyfaqmif&ef -
(u) Start button èProgram èAdobe èAdobe Type Manager udk Click
vkyfyg/ Adobe Type Manager Windows yGifhvmrnf/ yHk(32) Install jyKvkyf
rnfh Post Script Font wpfrsdK;pDtwGuf PostScript Outlines Fonts File
(*.pfb) ESifh PostScript Matrics Fonts File(*.pfm) (2)ckpD&Sd&ygrnf/
4if;wdkYyg0ifaom Diskette (odkYr[kwf) CD udkxnhfyg/
21 Microsoft Windows'98
yH(k 32)
( c) nmbuf&dS List Box wGif Floppy Disk Drive (odrYk [kw)f CD Drive twGi;f rS
font folder udak &G;cs,y
f gu font list rsm;ay:vmrnf/ Font rsm;xJrS rdrd Install
vkyfvdkonfh Font rsm;udka&G;cs,fEdkifNyD;? Add Button tm; Clickvkyfygu
b,fbuf List Box wGif Font topfrsm;ay:vmrnf/ yHk(33)
yH(k 33)
Microsoft Windows'98 22
Modem Install jyKvkyfjcif;
14/ Modem wpfcktm; Install jyKvkyf&ef atmufygtwkdif;tqifhqifhaqmif&Gufyg-
(u) Start Menu rS Setting è Control Panel ukd Click vkyfygu Control
Panel Window ay:vmrnf/ 4if;rS Add New Hardware ukd Click vkyf
ygu ykH(34)ygtwkdif; Add New Hardware Wizard ay:vmrnf/
ykH (34)
( c) ay:vmonfh yk(H 34) Add New Hardware Wizard rS Next Button ukd Click
vkyfygu ykH(35)ygtwkdif; awGU&ygrnf/
ykH (35)
23 Microsoft Windows'98
ykH (36)
ykH (37)
Microsoft Windows'98 24
( i) 4if; Hardware rsm;rS Modem ukda&T;cs,fí Next ukd Click vkyfygu
ykH(38)ygtwkdif; Install New Modem Window ay:vmrnf/
ykH (38)
ykH (39)
ykH (7)
25 Microsoft Windows'98
oufqkdif&m Modelrsm;ay:vmmrnfjzpfygonf/ 3 Com U.S Robotics 56k
Message Modem ukd Installation vkyfjcif;jzpfojzifh 3 Com ukd a&G;cs,f&ef
jzpfonf/ 3 Com \ Model rsm;wGif ,ckwyfqifrnfh 56k Message Modem
trsdK;tpm; ryg&Sdojzifh Have Disk a&G;cs,fNyD;í Driver Files (*.inf) ukd
a&G;cs,f&efjzpfygonf/
(q) ykH(39)rS Have Disk ukd Click ESdyfNyD;ygu (40-u) twkdif; Install From
Disk Window ay:vmrnf/ Modem Driver CD xnfhum Browse button
ukd ESyd yf gu ykH (40-c)ygtwkid ;f ay:vmrnf/ Modem Driver CD wGif oufqidk &f m
inf zkdif&Sdonfh vrf;aMumif;ukda&G;cs,fjcif;jzihf inf zkdif&Sdonfhvrf;aMumif;okdY
a&muf&SdoGm;rnf jzpfygonf/ ykH (40-c)wGif OKukd Click vkyfygu 3 Com
Modem rsm;\pm&if;rsm; xGufay:vmrnf/
ykH (40-u)
ykH (40-c)
Microsoft Windows'98 26
( Z) ykH (43)rS U.S Robotics 56k Message ukda&G;cs,fNyD; Next ukd Click vkyyf gu
ykH (43)yg twkdif; Modem wyfqifrnfh Port ukd a&G;cs,fEkdif&ef List box
ay:vmrnf/ 4if;rS Modem wyfqifxm;aom Port (Com2) ukda&G;cs,fyg/
(,ckwyfqif prf;oyfaom Computer wGif COM1ü Mouse tokH;jyKaeojzifh
Modem ukd Communications Port [COM2] wGif a&G;cs,x f m;jcif; jzpfygonf/
ykH (42)
ykH (43)
ykH (44)
(n) yk(H 44)rS Finish ukEd ySd Nf y;D aemuf Add New Hardware Wizard rS Wave Device
HardwaretwGuf Driver ukad wmif;qky d gvdrrhf nf/ þuJo h adYk wmif;qkjd cif;rSmvnf;
Modem onf Vioce Modem tjzpfpr G ;f aqmifEidk o
f jzifh toHqidk &f m ykvYd wT jf cif;
udpö&yfrsm;twGuf Driver Software Setup jyKvkyfay;&jcif;jzpfygonf/
ykH (45)
(ps) ykH (45)rS Next ukdEdSyfygu ykH(46)ygtwkdif; 56k Modem Installation Disk
twGif;rSyg&SdNyD;jzpfaom toHqkdif&m Device Driver rsm;ay:vmrnf jzpf onf/
4if;rSoufqkdif&mwpfckckukda&G;cs,fí OK ukd Click vkyfygu ykH(47) ay:vm
rnf/ Finish ukdClick vkyfjcif;jzifh vkH;0NyD;aprnfjzpfygonf/
Microsoft Windows'98 28
yk-H (46)
yk-H (47)
yHk (48)
( c) Control Panel windows yHk(48)rS Add new hardware icon udk Double
Click vkyfyg/Add new hardware wizard windows yHk(49)ay:vmrnf/
yH(k 49)
( *) Installing pwif&ef yHk(49) rS next udk click vkyfygu Plug & Play devices
rsm;udk&Sm&ef Add New Hardware Wizard windows yHk(50)ay:vmrnf/
Microsoft Windows'98 30
yHk (50)
(C) Plug & Play devices rsm;uk&d mS &eftwGuf next udk click vkyyf g/ Autodetect
jyKvkyf&ef atmufygtwdkif; window ay:vmrnf- yHk(51)
yH(k 51)
(1) Plug & Play devices rsm;twGuf tvdt k avQmuf Install jyKvyk Ef ikd &f ef
twGuf Yes (Recommand)udak &G;cs,jf y;D next udk click vkyyf g/topf
wyfqifxm;aomHardwares rsm;udk Windows OS rStvdktavQmuf
½SmazGjyD; Installing vkyfrnfh device twGuf setting ESifh driverrsm;udk
rSefuefatmif jyKvkyfay;rnfjzpfygonf/
(2) Install jyKvyk v
f o
kd nfY Hardware Type onf Plug & Play r[kwyf gu
(odkYr[kwf) Hardware list rSa&G;cs,fvdkygu No, I want to select the
hardware from list udka&G;cs,fjyD; click vkyfyg/yHk(52) ay:vmrnf/
31 Microsoft Windows'98
yH(k 52)
yH(k 53)
yH(k 54)
(5) yH(k 54) rS Sound driver &So d nfh CD (odrYk [kw)f Diskette udk oufqikd &f m
drive wGif xnfhum Sound driver &Sdonfh Path udk owfrSwfay;jyD;
OK ud k click vk y f y gu install jyKvk y f a y;oG m ;rnf j zpf y gonf /
Installation jy;D qH;k aMumif; windows ay:vmaomtcg Finish udk click
ESdyfyg/ yHk(55)
yH(k 55)
33 Microsoft Windows'98
yH(k 56)
yH(k 57)
35 Microsoft Windows'98
yH(k 58)
Microsoft Windows'98 36
yH(k 59)
yH(k 60)
( *) yHk(60) rS Settings Tab udk a½G;NyD; Advanced button udk ESdyfyg/ Advancced
Screen ay:vmrnf/ Adapter Tab udk Click vkyfyg/ Adapter screen ay:
vmrnf/ yHk(61)
yH(k 61)
yH(k 62)
yH(k 63)
yH(k 64)
( ps) Install disk udk Drive wGifxnfhí Browse jzifh Driver &Sdaom Path udk
a½G;cs,f&rnf/ (odkYr[kwf) Copy manufacture's files from text list box
wGif Path udx
k nfah y;yg/ OK udk Click vkyyf g/ Update Device Drive Wizard
dialog box ay:vmrnf/ yHk(65)
yH(k 65)
(n) Dialog box rS Diver name (odr Yk [kw)f Display trsKd ;tpm;udk az:jyay;ygrnf/
xdkYaemuf Finish udk Click vkyfyg/
( #) xdtk cguGeyf sLwmudk Restart jyKvyk &f ef System Settings Change dialog box
ay:vmrnf/ 4if;rS Yes udk Click vkyfyg/
( X) Driver name rSefuefygu Display properties dialog box yHk(60)wGif Color
list box wGif 16 bit color ESifh True color (24 bit) wdkYudk Setup jyKvkyfEdkifrnf
jzpfygonf/
Microsoft Windows'98 40
VCD Player toHk;jyKjcif;
21/ Windows 98 wGif toifhyg&Sdaom Windows Media Player jzifh VCD "gwfjym;
wpfcsyfudk tvG,fwulzGifhMunfhEdkifygonf-
(u) CD-ROM Drive xJodkY VCD "gwfjym;udkxnfhxm;yg/
( c) Satart→ Program→Accessory→ Entertainment → Windows Media
Player udk Click vkyfyg/
( *) Windows Media Player ay:vmrnf/ ykH(66)
yk(H 66)
yk(H 67)
VCD Applications
22/ (u) Power Player udktoHk;jyKjcif;/ 24
4 5 6 7 8 9 17 15 16 18
1
2
3
11 12 13 14 10 19 21 20 22 23
( 1) Eject = CD ukd xkwfjcif;^oGif;jcif;
( 2) Power = Power Player ukd ydwfjcif;
( 3) Minimized = Power Player Desk ukd Task bar ay:okdYykdYjcif;
( 4) Config = Power Player ukd Setting jyKvkyfjcif;
( 5) Repeat = xyfcgwpfvJvJzGifhjcif;
( 6) Restart = tprSjyefvnfpwifjcif;
( 7) About = Power Player taMumif;t&mrsm;ukdaz:jyjcif;
( 8) TV Out = TV okdY qufoG,fjyojcif;? uGefysLwm Screen wGif
Video Munfhjcif;
( 9) Open CD = CD ukd tvkdtavsmufzGifhjcif;
(10) Open File = MPEG Files (½kyf^oHzkdif)rsm;ukd zGifhjcif;
(11) Audio Channel = toHvkdif;rsm;a&G;cs,fjcif;
(12) Volume Decrease = toHukdwpfajz;ajz;wkd;apjcif;
(13) Mute = toHukdydwfxm;jcif;
Microsoft Windows'98 42
(14) Volume Increase = toHukdwpfajz;ajz;us,fapjcif;
(15) Play = Power Player ukdzGifhjcif;
(16) Stop = Power Player ukd&yfwefYjcif;
(17) FB = aemufokdYjyefoGm;jcif;
(18) FF = a&SUokdYoGm;jcif;
(19) Begin = tpokdYjyefoGm;jcif;
(20) End = aemufokdYoGm;jcif;
(21) Pause = acwå&yfwefYjcif;
(22) Capture = ½kyfykHukdzrf;jcif;
(23) Full = jrifuGif;ukd csJUjcif;
(24) Numbers = CD Track rsm;ukda&G;cs,fízGifhjcif;
(c) Xing Player
1 2 5 6 7 10 11
3
4 9
tcef; ( 2 )
Microsoft Word 2000
yHk( 1)
Work Area
Drawing yH(k 2)
Status Bar Tool Bar
yH(k 3)
yH(k 4)
File Menu
3/ File Menu wGif atmufygtwdkif; yg0ifygonf-
(u) Open a New File / zdkiftopf wpfckudk pwifzGihfvdkygu atmufygtwdkif;
aqmif&u
G Ef ikd yf gonf-
(1) File Menu rS New tm; Click vkyfyg/ yHk(5)
(2) New Dialog Box ay:vmrnf/ yHk(6)
(3) New Dialog Box wGif General, Legal Pleadings, Letters &
Faxes, Memos, Other Documents, Publications, Reports, Web
Pages ponfjzifh Menu (8)ck &Sdygonf/ tajccHavhvmolrsm;taejzifh
General Menu xJrS Blank Document udak &G;yg/ Ny;D vQif Ok udk Click
vkyfyg/ pmpDpm½dkufvkyfEdkifaom pmrsufESmtoifhay:vmygrnf/ (Short
Cut - Ctrl + N)
Microsoft Word 2000 48
yH(k 5)
yH(k 6)
yH(k 7)
( *) zdkifodrf;qnf;jcif;
(1) Saving a new Document / ½du k x
f m;aompmrsm;udk odr;f vdyk gu File
Menu rS Save udk Click vkyy f g/ (Short Cut -Ctrl+ S) Save Dialog
Box ay:vmrnf/ yH(k 8) File Name Text Box wGif zdi k t
f rnf½u kd x
f nfí
h
Save udk Click vkyfyg/ (Save in:wGif My Documents ay:aernf/)
yHk (8)
Microsoft Word 2000 50
yH(k 9)
yH(k 10)
(1) Margin / Page Setup Dialog Box xJrS Margin Menu tm; a&G;yg/
Top, Botton, Left, Right, Gutter, Header, Footer wdu Yk kd vdt
k yfovdk
a&G;cs,fNyD;vQif Ok udk Click vkyfyg/
(2) Paper Size / Page Setup Dialog Box xJrS Paper Size Menu
tm; a&G;yg/ Paper Size wGif rdrad &G;cs,v
f o
kd nhf Size udak &G;yg/ pm&Guu f kd
a'gifvukd f Portrait ? tvsm;vdu
k f Landscape wdu Yk kd tvd&k odS vdk a&G;cs,f
owfrSwfNyD;vQif Ok udk Click vkyfyg/ yHk(11)
yH(k 11)
Microsoft Word 2000 52
( p) Print Preview / Text rsm;? Table rsm;? Object rsm;? Graphics rsm;udk pm&Guf
ay:wGif Print ½dkufrxkwfrD rnfonhftaetxm;&Sdrnfudk Munhfvdkaomtcg
toHk;jyKonf/ File Menu &Sd Print Preview tm; Click vkyfvdkufygu
wpfrsufESmvHk; csHKUxm;onfh yHkpHudk awGU&rnf/
(q) Print / Printer jzif½h u
kd x
f w
k v
f akd omtcg File Menu rS Print udk Click vkyyf g/
(Short Cut - Ctrl + P) Print Dialog Box ay:vmygrnf/ yHk(12) 4if;rS
atmufygwdkYudk tvdk&dSonfhtwdkif; a&G;cs,fNyD;qHk;ygu Ok Button tm; Click
vkyfyg/ Print Dialog Box wGif a&G;cs,frIrsm;NyD;qHk;ygu Ok udk Click vkyfyg-
yH(k 12)
yH(k 13)
yH(k 14)
Edit Menu
4/ Edit Menu wGifatmufygtwdkif;yg0ifygonf-
(u) Undo / jyKvkyfrIwpfckckudk y,fzsufvdkyguoHk;onf/ Edit Menu rS Undo tm;
Click vkyfyguaemufqHk;jyKvkyfrIudky,fzsufapygonf/ (Short Cut - Ctrl + Z)
( c) Repeat / jyKvkyfrIwpfckckudk xyfrHtoHk;jyKvdkygu oHk;onf/ Edit Menu rS
Repeat tm; Click vkyfyguxdkjyKvkyfrIudkxyfrHjyKvkyfEdkifygonf/ (Shout Cut -
Ctrl + Y)
( *) Cut / jyKvyk x
f m;aom Document rS toH;k rjyKvakd omtydik ;f udk z,fxwk v
f v
kd Qif
oHk;onf/ Cut vkyfrnfhtydkif;tm; Select vkyfí Edit Menu rS Cut tm;
Click vkyfyg/ (Short Cut - Ctrl+ X) Select vkyfxm;onfhae&mwGif aysmuf
oGm;onfudk awGY&ayrnf/
( C) Copy / jyKvkyfxm;aom Document rS tvdk&dSonfhtydkif;tm; ul;,lvdkygu
oHk;onf/ Copy vkyfrnfhtydkif;tm; Select vkyfí Edit Menu rS Copy tm;
Click vkyfyg/ (Short Cut - Ctrl +C )
( i) Paste / Copy (odrYk [kw)f Cut jyKvyk x f m; aomtydik ;f wduYk kd tvd&k &Sd m ae&mwGif
xnfo h iG ;f xm;&dv
S ykd gu ok;H onf/ Copy (odrYk [kw)f Cut vkyx f m;aom tydik ;f wdt Yk m;
Edit Menu rS Paste tm; Click vkyfyg/ (Short Cut - Ctrl+ V) Cursor
csxm;onfhae&mwGif ,cif Copy (odkY) Cut vkyfxm;onfrsm; ay:vmygrnf/
( p) Clear / a&G;cs,x f m;aom Text rsm;? Object rsm;? Graphics rsm;udk zsuv f ykd gu
oHk; onf/ Text rsm;? Object rsm;? Graphics rsm;udk Select vkyfyg/ Clear udk
Click vkyfyg/
55 Microsoft Word 2000
yH(k 15)
yHk (16)
Microsoft Word 2000 56
yHk (17)
(3) rlv&Sad eonfph um;vH;k (od)Yk pum;pktm; Find What: xJwiG f ½du k xf nhyf g/
(4) ajymif;vdok nfph um;vH;k (od)Yk pum;pktm;Replace With:xJwiG f ½duk xf nfyh g/
(5) 4if;pmvH;k udk wpfv;kH Ny;D wpfv;kH ajymif;vJvu
kd Replace tm; Click vkyyf g/
(6) tvdt k avsmuftm;vH;k ajymif;vJvu kd Replace All tm; Click vkyyf g/
(n) Go To / atmufygtwdkif; vkyfaqmifEdkifygonf-
(1) (vuf&SdpmrsufESmrS tjcm;pmrsufESmwpfckckodkYul;vkdygu) Edit Menu rS
Go To udk Click vkyfyg/ (Short Cut - Ctrl + G) Go To Dialog
Box ay:vmonfudk awGU&rnf/ yHk(18)
yH(k 18)
57 Microsoft Word 2000
View Menu
5/ View Menu wGifatmufygtwdkif;yg0ifygonf-
(u) Normal / rdrjd yKvyk rf nhf Document rsm;tm; Horizontal Ruler udk azmfjyNy;D ?
Vertical Ruler ryg&db S J az:jyxm;aom jrifuiG ;f tm; Munhv f akd omtcg oH;k onf/
View menu rS Normal udk Click vkyfyg/
( c) Print Layout / rdrdjyKvkyfrnhf Document rsm;tm; Horizontal Ruler ESifh
Vertical Ruler wdkYudk az:jyxm;aom jrifuGif;tm; MunhfvdkonhftcgoHk;onf/
pm½du
k &f mwGif toifah wmfq;kH jrifuiG ;f udak y;ojzifh trsm;qH;k toH;k jyKygonf/ View
Menu rS Print Layout udk Click vkyfyg/
( *) Toolbars / View Menu rS Toolbars udk Point vkyfygu Toolbars Sub
Menu ay:vmNy;D tvd& k adS om Toolbar tm; a&G;cs,af y;Edik yf gonf/ tvd&k aSd om
Toolbar tm; Click vkyfyg/ raz:jyvdkvQif jzpfatmif Click vkyfyg/
(odkYr[kwf) vkyfxm;cJhjcif;r&Sdygu rlvtwdkif;xm;cJhyg/ yHk(19)
yH(k 19)
Microsoft Word 2000 58
(C) Ruler / Horizonal Ruler ESifh Vertical Ruler rsm;udk ay:apvdkvQif odkYr[kwf
aysmufapvdkvQif oHk;onf/ View Menu rS Ruler tm; Click vkyfygu Ruler
rsm; ay:vmrnf/ (odkYr[kwf) View Menu rS Ruler tm; Click vkyfygu
Ruler rsm; aysmufoGm;ygonf/
( i) Header and Footer / pmrsuE f mS wdik ;f \xdyyf ikd ;f ESiahf tmufyikd ;f wGif Text rsm;?
pmrsuEf mS eHygwfrsm;? aeYp?JG &ufprJG sm; xnfo h iG ;f az:jyvdo k nht
f cg toH;k jyKygonf/
View Menu rS Header and Footer udk Click vkyfyg/ Header Text Frame
wpfckay:vmygutvdk&dS&mpmrsm;udk ½dkufxnfhí Align Left, Center, Align
Right owfrw S af y;Edik yf gonf/ yH(k 20) Header rS Footer odaYk jymif;vdyk gu Header
and Footer Toolbar &dS Switch Between Header and Footer udk Click
vkyyf g/ (odrYk [kw)f Vertical Scroll Bar (odrYk [kw)f PageDown jyKvyk af pjcif;jzifh
Footer udk jrifawGUapEdkifrnf/ yHk(21)
pmrsufESm tcsdef
&ufpGJ Switch Between Header
yH(k 20)
yHk (21)
59 Microsoft Word 2000
yH(k 22)
Microsoft Word 2000 60
Insert Menu
6/ Insert Menu wGif atmufygwdkY yg0ifygonf-
(u) Break / a&SUpmrsuEf mS odYk aemufpmrsuEf mS rS pmom;rsm; r0ifa&mufvmapvdv k Qif
oHk;onf/ Break jyKvkyfvdkaom Paragraph aemufwGif Cursor csí Insert
Menu rS Break udk Click vkyfyg/
( c) Page Numbers / pmrsuEf mS wdik ;f wGif pmrsuEf mS rsm; owfrw
S af y;vdyk gu oH;k onf/
Insert Menu rS Page Numbers udk Click vkyfyg/ Page Numbers Dialog
Box ay:vmrnf/ yH(k 23) Page Numbers Dialog Box rS Position wGif Down
Arrow udk Click vkyfNyD; Botton of page (Footer) odkYr[kwf Top of page
(Header) udk a&G;yg/ Alignment wGiv
f nf; ESpo
f uf&mudk a&G;cs,yf g/ Show
number on first page rSm yxrqHk;pmrsufESmwGif Page Number wyfvdkjcif;?
rwyfvjkd cif;tm; Click vkyí f a&G;cs,af y;yg/ a&G;cs,rf I rSe^f rrSef tm; Preview
wGif jrifawGYEdkifygonf/ a&G;cs,frIrsm;NyD;qHk;ygu Ok Button udk Click vkyfyg/
yH(k 23)
( *) Date and Time / Work Area (odkYr[kwf) Header and Footer wGif Date
and Time xnho f iG ;f az:jyvdv
k Qif oH;k onf/ xnhv f o
kd nfah e&mwGif Cursor csyg/
Insert Menu rS Date and Time udk Click vkyfyg/ Date and Time Dialog
Box ay:vmrnf/ yHk (24) Available formats rS rdrdtvdk&Sdaom Format tm;
Click vkyí
f a&G;yg/ a&G;cs,rf tI m;vH;k Ny;D qH;k ygu Ok Button tm; Click vkyyf g/
(C) Symbol / Paragraph twGi;f Symbol rsm; xnhv f akd omtcgoH;k onf/ Insert
Menu rS Symbol tm; Click vkyfyg/ Symbol Dialog Box ay:vmrnf/
61 Microsoft Word 2000
yHk(25) Symbol Tab udk Click vkyfyg/ Font wGif Down Arrow udk Click
vkyNf y;D ? rdrEd pS o
f ufaom Sample yHu
k kd Click vkyyf g/ a&G;cs,rf NI y;D qH;k ygu Insert
udk Click vkyyf g/ Work Area wGif Sample rsm;ay:vmNy;D ? xyfrrH jyKvyk v f ykd gu
Close Button tm; Click vkyfyg/
yH(k 24)
yH(k 25)
Microsoft Word 2000 62
yH(k 26)
yH(k 27)
yH(k 28)
yH(k 29)
yH(k 30)
yH(k 30-*)
yH(k 30-C)
jrm;yHkpHtrsKd;rsKd; y½dk*&rfrsm; twGuf
a&;qG&J ef Flow Chart a&;qGJ&ef
65 Microsoft Word 2000
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67 Microsoft Word 2000
yH(k 33)
yH(k 34)
Microsoft Word 2000 68
yH(k 35)
Insert Click
yH(k 40)
yH(k 39)
Microsoft Word 2000 70
Text Box
8/ av;axmifhuGufpmabmiftwGif; pm½dkuf&mwGifoHk;onf/ Insert Menu rS Text Box
tm; Click vkyfNyD; Word Area twGif; Mouse jzifh Drag vkyfygu Text Box ay:vmNyD;?
Text Box twGif; ay:aeaom Cursor rS pwifí pm½dkufEdkifygonf/
Chart
9/ Z,m;wGif xnho f iG ;f xm;aom wefb;kd rsm;twdik ;f *&yfypkH rH sm;jzifh Munhv f o
kd nhtf cg Chart
udk toHk;jyKonf/ Insert Menu rS Picture udk Point vkyfyg/ 4if;rS Sub Menu &dS Chart udk
Click vkyfyg/ xdktcg Chart ESifh Table Setting ay:vmrnf/ (yHk-44) Datasheet wGif
vdck siaf omwefb;kd rsm;udk ½du
k xf nhyf g/ (yH-k 45) Chart wGif wefb;kd tvdu k f ajymif;vJomG ;rnf/ Chart
Menu rS Chart Type udk Click vkyfyg/ Chart Type Dialog Box ay:vmygrnf/ (yHk-46)
Standard Types Tab rS Chart Type wGif BudKufESpfoufaom Chart tm; a&G;yg/ 4if;\
Chart Type tm; Click vkyfyg/ Press and Hold to view sample tm; Left click ESdyfygu
a&G;xm;aom Sample tm; awGYEdkifygonf/ Custom Types Tab udka&G;NyD; Chart Type tm;
Click vkyNf y;D Sample rsm;udk a&G;Edi k yf gonf/a&G;cs,rf NI y;D qH;k ygu Ok Button tm; Click vkyyf g/
yH(k 44)
73 Microsoft Word 2000
yH(k 45)
yH(k 46)
Microsoft Word 2000 74
Insert Object
10/ Insert Menu rS xnfhoGif;vdkaom Object tm; Click vkyfyg/ Object Dialog Box
ay:vmrnf/ ESpof uf&mObject udak &G;cs,í f tvd&k aSd om Document xJoYkd xnfo h iG ;f Edik yf gonf-
(u) Microsoft Equation 3.0 / ocsmq F ikd &f moauFwrsm; jyKvyk &f mwGif oH;k onf/
Object Dialog Box rS Create New Equation 3.0 tm; Click vkyy f g/ yH(k 47)
a&G;cs,frINyD;qHk;ygu Ok udk Click vkyfyg/ Equation Box ay:vmrnf/ yHk(48)
Text twGi;f ½du k v
f akd om ude;f *Pef;ESio
fh auFwrsm;udk ½du
k yf g/ 4if;wdu Yk kd Select
vkyfNyD; ay:vmaom Sub Equation rsm;rS a&G;cs,ftoHk;jyKEdkifygonf/
yH(k 47)
yH(k 48)
75 Microsoft Word 2000
yH(k 49)
Format Menu
11/ Format Menu wGif atmufygtwdkif;yg0ifygonf-
(u) Selecting Font,Size and Font Color / Format Menu rS Font udk
Click vkyfygu Font Dialog Box ay:vmrnf-
(1) Font Dialog Box xJwGif Font, Character Spacing,Text Effects
[lí Menu (3)ckyg&Sdonf/
(2) Font, Font Size, Font Color wdkYudk ajymif;vJvdkvQif Menu &Sd Font
udk Click vkyfyg/ yHk(50) rdrdajymif;vdkonfh Font, Font Style, Font
Size,Font Color wdkYudk a&G;cs,fNyD;ygu Ok udk Click vkyfyg/
Microsoft Word 2000 76
yH(k 50)
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yH(k 55)
81 Microsoft Word 2000
(2) Word2000 wGif Left Aligned Tab Stop, Center tab Stop, Right
Aligned Tab, Decimal Tab Stop [lí(4)rsKd;&dSygonf/
(3) pmydk'frsm;\ Indent udkjyif&eftwGuf Text rsm;udk Select vkyfyg/
(4) pmydk'f\ yxrpmaMumif;\ Indent udkajymif;&ef? First Line Indent
Marker udk vdkcsifonfhae&mudk a&GUyg/
(5) pmyd'k \ f yxrqH;k pmaMumif;rSty usepf maMumif;rsm;\ Indent udk jyifvkd
vQif Hanging Indent Marker udk tvdk&dSonfhae&modkYa&TUyg/
(6) pmaMumif;\b,fbuf Indent jyifvv kd QiL
f eft Indent Marker udak &TUyg/
(7) pmaMumif;\nmbuf Indentjyifvv kd QiRf ight Indent Marker udak &TUyg/
(8) 'ór*Pef;udkjyifvdkvQif Decimal Tab udka&TUyg/
(q) Drop Cap / Paragraph wpfck\xdyfqHk;pmvHk;tm; pmvHk;t&G,ftpm; BuD;ap
vdkaomtcg oHk;onf/ Drop Cap jyKvkyfrnfh Paragraph a&SUqHk;pmvHk;\ ta&SU
(odkYr[kwf) yxrqHk;pmvHk;\aemufwGif Cursor udkcsyg/ NyD;vQif Format Menu
rS Drop Cap tm; Click vkyfyg/ Drop Cap Dialog Box ay:vmrnf/
yH(k 56)ay:vm aom Drop Cap Dialog Box rS Position rSEpS o f ufaom Setting
tm;a&G;yg/ Font wGifvnf; Down Arrow jzifha&G;cs,fyg/ a&G;cs,fNyD;ygu Ok
Button tm; Click vkyfyg/
rSwfcsuf/ Drop Cap udkjrefrmpmwGif vkyfaqmifítqifrajyyg/
yH(k 56)
Microsoft Word 2000 82
yH(k 57)
School bus
school bus
SCHOOL BUS
School Bus
sCHOOL bUS
yH(k 58)
83 Microsoft Word 2000
Tools Menu
12/ Tools Menu wGif atmufygwdkY yg0ifygonf-
(u) Spelling and Grammer / Document wpfct
k m; Spelling And Grammer
ppfaq;vdkygu atmufygtwdkif;vkyfaqmifEdkifygonf-
(1) Document \ yxrpmydk'f tpae&mwGif Cursor csyg/ (odkUr[kwf)
pmydk'f rsm;udk Select vkyfyg/
(2) Tools Menu rS Spelling and Grammer udk Click vkyfyg/yHk(59)
yH(k 59)
yH(k 60)
Microsoft Word 2000 84
(4) Spelling and Grammer Dialog box xJ&Sd Not in Dictionary: Box
wGif yxrqHk; trSm;pmvHk;udk teDa&mifjzifhawGY&rnf/ 4if;pmvHk;udk
rjyifvdku Ignore Button tm; Click vkyfyg/
(5) jyifvykd gu Suggestion: Box wGif az:jyxm;aom pmvH;k rsm;rS rSeaf om
pmvHk;udk Click vkyfyg (odkYr[kwf) trSefpmvHk;udk ½dkufxnhfyg/ NyD;vQif
Change Button udk Click vkyfyg/
(6) aemufxyfaz:jyaom trSm;pmvHk;rsm;udkvnf; txufygenf;twdkif;
qufvuf jyifqifoGm; &efjzpfygonf/
(7) Paragraph wpfcv k ;kH tm; Spelling and Grammer ppfaq;Ny;D aomtcg
NyD;pD; aMumif;atmufyg Dialog Box ay:vmrnf/ yHk(61)
(8) OK tm; Click vkyfyg/
rSwfcsuf/ Check Spelling and Grammer onf jref r mpmwG i f
vkyfaqmifí r&ao;yg/
yH(k 61)
(c) Language / Tools Menu rS Language udk Point vkyfyg/ ay:vmaom Sub
Menu rS tvdk&Sdaom Command tm;a&G;cs,fí atmufygtwdkif; toHk;jyK
Edkifygonf- yHk(62)
yH(k 62)
85 Microsoft Word 2000
yH(k 63)
yH(k 64)
yH(k 65)
87 Microsoft Word 2000
Table Menu
13/ Table Menu wGifatmufygtwdkif;yg0ifygonf-
(u) Draw Table / rdrq
d v
JG akd omyHpk u
H kd tvG,w
f ulqEJG ikd &f ef toH;k jyKygonf/ Table
Menu rS Draw Table tm; Click vkyfyg/Table and Borders Dialog Box
ay:vmrnf/ yHk(66) 4if;wGif atmufygwdkY yg0ifygonf-
yH(k 66)
yH(k 67)
yH(k 68)
yH(k 69)
Microsoft Word 2000 90
( *) Delete
(1) Delete Cells / jzKwfvdkaom Cell tm; Select vkyfí Table Menu
atmuf&Sd Delete udk Point vkyfyg/ Delete Sub Menu ay:vmrnf/
yHk(70) Cell udk Click vkyfyg/ Cell aysmufoGm;rnf/
yH(k 70)
yH(k 71)
yH(k 72)
yHk (73)
( p) Table Auto Format / toifjh yKvy k Nf y;D aom Table Sample rsm;tm; a&G;cs,f
oH;k Edik yf gonf/ Table Menu rS Table Auto Format tm; Click vkyyf g/ Table
Auto Format Dialog Box ay:vmrnf/ yHk (74) Formats rS ESpfouf aom
Setting rsm;udk a&G;cs,frItm; Preview wGif MunfhEdkifyg onf/ a&G;cs,frI
tm;vHk;NyD;qHk;ygu Ok tm; Click vkyfyg/
Microsoft Word 2000 92
yHk (74)
(q) Formula / Table wGif;&Sd Cells rsm;tm; Formula toHk;jyKí aygif;? Ekwf?
ajrmuf? pm; jyKvkyfEdkifygonf/ Table Menu rS Formula tm; Click vkyfyg/
Formula Dialog Box ay:vmrnf/ yHk(75) Formula wGif toHk;jyKrnfh
yHak oenf;udk ½du
k x
f nhyf g/ Number format rS tvd&k adS om Format tm; a&G;cs,f
yg/ Paste function wG i f v nf ; toH k ; jyKrnf h Function tm; a&G ; cs,f
toHk;jyKEdkifygonf/ a&G;cs,frItm;vHk;NyD;qHk;ygu Ok Button tm; Click vkyfyg/
yH(k 75)
93 Microsoft Word 2000
Window Menu
14/ Window Menu wGif atmufygtwdkif;yg0ifygonf-
(u) New Windows / Window topfwpfczk iG v hf vkd Qif Windows Menu &Sd New
Windows udk Click vkyfyg/ aemufxyf Windows topfay:vmygrnf/
( c) Arrange All / Document wpfckxufydkNyD; zGifhxm;ygcJhygu? 4if; Document
rsm;tm; Screen wGif;tm;vHk;ay:apvdkvQifoHk;onf/ Windows Menu rS
Arrange All tm; Click vkyfí a&G;cs,fEdkifygonf/
( *) Split / pmrsufESmrsm;udk tay:^atmuf cGJjcm;vdkygu Windows Menu rS
Split udk Click vkyy
f g/ pmrsuEf mS (2)ydik ;f uGo
J mG ;onfukd awG&Y ygrnf/ cGx
J m;onfh
pmrsufESmudk jyefaygif;vdkvQif Windows Menu &Sd Remove Split udk Click
vkyfyg/ rl&if;pmrsufESmtwdkif; jyefjzpfoGm;onfudk awGU&ygrnf/ yHk(76)
yH(k 76)
Microsoft PowerPoint 2000 94
tcef; ( 3 )
Microsoft PowerPoint 2000
yk(H 1)
yk(H 2)
PowerPoint dialog box
2/ PowerPoint Dialog box rS AutoContent Wizard a½G;ygu wpfqifhNyD;wpfqifh
ay:vmaom AutoContent Wizard box rsm;rS rdrdvkdtyfovkda½G;cs,fNyD; Next ukd Click vkyf
oGm;yg/ Ny;D vQif Finish ukd Click vkyyf gu tvkt
d avsmuf toifzh efw;D xm;aom Presentation
file wpfck jzpfvmrnf/
95 Microsoft PowerPoint 2000
3/ Design Template ukd a½G;ygu New Presentation Dialog box ay:vmrnf/ ¤if;
Dialog Box rS Design Templates ukda½G;yg/ NyD;vQif ESpfoufaom Background Design ukd
a½G;yg/ OK button ukd Click vkyfyg/
4/ Blank Presentation ukd a½G;ygu ay:vmaom New slide Dialog box rS ESpfouf&m
Autolayout wpfckukd a½G;cs,fNyD; OK button ukd Click vkyfygu Blank Presentation file
topfwpfck jzpfvmrnf/
5/ txufygtwkid ;f ra½G;cs,v
f ydk gu Cancel ukd a½G;yg/ (okrYd [kw)f PowerPoint okYd pwif
0ifa&mufpOf ,if; PowerPoint dialog box atmufajc&Sd Don't show the dialog box again
pmwef;ab;&Sd Check box tm; Click vkyfNyD; OK button ukd Click vkyfyg/
PowerPoint \azmfjyrItoGiftjyif
6/ PowerPoint \azmfjyrItoGiftjyiftm; yHkjzifh&Sif;vif;xm;ygonf/ ykH(3)
Standard Formatting
Title bar Menu bar Toolbar Toolbar Minimize Miximize Close
My Child
yk(H 3)
Scroll
bar
Drawing Toolbar
Microsoft PowerPoint 2000 96
yk(H 4)
yk(H 5)
yk(H 6)
( i) Next buttonukdClickvkyy
f g/ 'kw,
d tqifh Dialog boxwpfck xyfay:vmrnf/
yk(H 7)
yk(H 7)
Microsoft PowerPoint 2000 98
( p) Oyrm- Business Plan ESiyhf wfoufí Presentation file wpfcjk yKvyk &f ef "All"
button ukd Click vkyfNyD; nmbuf&Sd Type of Presentation rsm;teufrS
Business Plan ukd a½G;yg/
(q) Next button ukd Click vkyfyg/
( Z) wwd,tqifh Dialog box wpfckxyfay:vmrnf/ykH(8)
yk(H 8)
( ps) ¤if;wGif Output Type ukd on-screen presentation ukad ½G;cs,Nf y;D Next button
ukd Click vkyfyg/ pwkw¬tqifh Dialog box xyfay:vmrnf/ ykH(9)
yk(H 9)
99 Microsoft PowerPoint 2000
(n) ¤if;rS Presentation Title Box wGif Title Name wpfckck (Oyrm-Business
Plan) ukd ½kdufxnfhNyD; Next button ukd Click vkyfyg/
( #) xyfay:vmaom Dialog box ykH(10)wGif Finish button ukd Click vkyfygu
toifhzefwD;xm;aom Business Plan Presentation file ukd &&Sdrnf/
yk(H 10)
Presentation tvGwfwpfckwnfaqmufjcif;
8/ Blank Presentation File topfwpfck wnfaqmuffvkdygu-
(u) File Menu rS New ukd Click vkyfyg/ ykH(4)
( c) New Presentation Dialog box ay:vmrnf/ykH(11)
yk(H 11)
Microsoft PowerPoint 2000 100
(*) ,if;rS General Tab wGif Blank Presentation ukad ½G;í OK button ukd Click
vkyfyg/ New Slide Dialog box ay:vmrnf/ ykH(12)
yk(H 12)
yk(H 14)
yk(H 13)
101 Microsoft PowerPoint 2000
( *) Slide Show oD;jcm;jy&ef jzpfygu Slide Sized for: wGif On-screen show
ukd a½G;yg/
(C ) Output xkwf,lvkdu slides sized for: nmbuf&Sd Down Arrow ukd Click
vkyfNyD; ay:vmaom List rS A4, Letter, Legal ponfjzifha½G;í Click vkyfyg/
( i) Custom Size jyKvy k v
f v
dk Qif Width ESihf Height wkw
Yd iG f tvk&d adS om twkid ;f twm
ukd ½kdufxnfhEkdifonf/
( p) Orientation rS SlideswGif Portrait a'gifvkdufESifh Landscape tvsm;vkduf
wpfckckukd a½G;í Click vkyfyg/
(q) a½G;cs,fp&mrsm;NyD;vQif OK button ukd Click vkyfyg/
yk(H 15)
yk(H 16)
(*) File name Text box wGif file name ukd ½kdufxnfhyg/ NyD;vQif save button ukd
Click vkyfyg/ (4if;zkdifudk ykHrSeftm;jzifh My documents Folder wGif odrf;rnf)
Microsoft PowerPoint 2000 102
yk(H 16)
zdkiftm; zGifhjcif;
12/ odrf;xm;aom File tm;zGifhvkdygu-
(u) File Menu rS Open ukd Click vkyfyg/ykH(17)
( c) Open Dialog box ay:vmrnf/ ykH(18)
yk(H 17)
yk(H 18)
( *) ykHrSeftm;jzifh Look in box wGif My documents ay:aernf/
(C) My documents atmuf&Sd file list rSzGifhvkdaom File ukda½G;í Click vkyfyg/
( i) Open ukd Click vkyfyg/
( p) tu,fí zGiv hf o
dk nfh file onf My documents atmufwiG f rawGU&Syd gu Look
in Box \nmbuf&Sd Down Arrow ukd Click vkyfí &SmazGyg/
103 Microsoft PowerPoint 2000
View
14/ omreftm;jzifh jrifuGif;(4)rsdK;jzifh az:jyEkdifygonf -
(u) Normal / View Menu rS Normal ukd
Click vkyfyg/ ykH(20) b,fbufjcrf;onf
pmrsuEf mS toD;oD;rS Content rsm;ukd az:jyNy;D
nmbufjcrf;wGif slide page wpfckukd az:jy
rnf/ ,if;wGif pmrsm;? ykHrsm; xnhfoGif;EkdifNyD;
jyKjyifvkduvnf; jyKjyifEkdifonf/ ykH(21)
ykH (20)
ykH (21)
Microsoft PowerPoint 2000 104
ykH (22)
Outline View
yk(H 23)
105 Microsoft PowerPoint 2000
(C) Slide Sorter / View Menu rS Slide Sorter ukd Click vkyfyg/ ykH (24)
ykH (24)
ykH (25)
(2) Sorting vkyv f v dk Qif a&TUajymif;vkad om Page ukd Click and drag vkyí
f
qJ,
G Nl y;D tvk&d adS ompmrsuEf mS Mum;wGif Pointer a&muf&aSd omtcg Mouse
button ukdvTwfygu tvdktavQmuf Sorting vkyfoGm;ygonf/
(3) þenf;twkdif; Page rsm;ukd tvkd&dSovkd Sorting vkyfekdifygonf/
(4) Screen \ atmufajcb,fbufaxmifh&Sd Icon ykHrsm;ukd Click vkyfí
a½G;cs,fjcif;jzifhView ykHpHwdkYukd ajymif;vJMunhfEkdifonf/
Microsoft PowerPoint 2000 106
17/ 4if;wGif pmom;½kdufxnfh&eftwGuf Normal View Icon ukd Click vkyfyg/ NyD;vQif
Drawing Toolbar rS Text box ukd Click vkyfNyD; Slide pmrsufESmay:&Sd pm½kdufvkdonfh
ae&mwGif Click and Drag vkyfyg/ Cursor rSdwfwkwfrdSwfwkwf ay:aeNyD; pm½kduf&ef toifh
jzpfaernf/ tvkd&dSaompmrsm;ukd ½kduf&efjzpfonf/ ykH(26)
ykH (26)
107 Microsoft PowerPoint 2000
Formatting Text
18/ pmom;rsm;tm; ykHpH? Size? Style? Color owfrSwfjcif;tm; Formatting Text [kac:yg
onf/ ajymif;vkad om pmom;rsm;ukd select vkyyf g/ Text selection vkyjf cif;rSm atmufygtwkid ;f
jzpfonf/
Character - Click and drag
Word - Double Click
All word - Ctrl+A (Or) Drag and Click
Text Frame - Click on the text frame
19/ Select vkyfNyD;ygu Format Menu rS Font ukd Click vkyfyg/ Font Dialog box
ay:vmrnf/ ykH(27)
ykH (27)
ykH (31)
ykH (30)
109 Microsoft PowerPoint 2000
(C) Bulleted Tab ukd a½G;NyD; ESpfouf&m Setting ukd Click vkyfía½G;yg/
( i) Bullets t&G,ftpm;ajymif;vkdygu Size wGif vkdovkd jznhfpGufyg/
( p) Color ajymif;vkdygu Color &Sd Down Arrow ukdESdyfNyD; ay:vmaom Color
Box rS ESpfouf&mta&mifukda&G;yg/
(q) NyD;vQif OK button ukd Click vkyfygu Bullets rsm;ykHpHajymif;oGm;rnf/ ykH(32)
ykH (32)
ykH (33)
Microsoft PowerPoint 2000 110
22/ Character Bullets xnfhvkdygu-
(u) Character buttonukd Click vkyfyg/ Bullet Dialog Boxay:vmrnf/ ykH(34)
ykH (34)
( c) ¤if; Box rS Bullets From wGif ESpfouf&m Font a½G;&ef Down Arrow ukd
ESdyfí ay:vmaom List rS a½G;yg/
( *) OK button ukd Click vkyfyg/
23/ pmykd'feHygwfxnfhvkdygu Formatting Toolbars rS Numbering Tool ukd Click
vkyfyg/ (okdYr[kwf) Bullets and Numbering Box rS Numbered Tab ukda&G;yg/ ay:vmaom
ykHrS ESpfouf&m Number ukda½G;í OK button ukd Click vkyfyg/ ykH(35)
ykH (35)
111 Microsoft PowerPoint 2000
pmom;rsm;tm; taetxm;n§djcif;
24/ n§dvkdaompmom;rsm;ukd Select vkyfNyD;vQif Formatting Toolbar rS tvkd&Sdaom Align
Icon ukd Click vkyfyg/
Left Align - b,fn&d§ ef
Right Align - nmn§&d ef
Center Align - tv,fn&d§ ef
Justify - b,fnmn§&d ef
yk(H 37)
Microsoft PowerPoint 2000 112
( *) ,if; Box rS ESpfouf&m ykHwpfckukd Click vkyfía½G;yg/
(C) xyfay:vmaom Picture rsm;rS ESpfoufaomykHukd Click vkyfyg/
( i) ay:vmaom Box rS Insert Clip ukd Click vkyfyg/ ykH(38)
yk(H 38)
Insert Clip
( p) ,if; box ukd jyefydwf&ef Close button ukd Click vkyfyg/ Slide page ay:wGif
ykHwpfckay:vmrnf/
Slide topfxnfhoGif;jcif;
26/ Slide Page topfwpfck xyfxnfhvkdygu-
(u) Insert Menu rS New slide ukd Click vkyfyg/ykH(39)
( c) New slide dialog box ay:vmrnf/ ykH(40) yk(H 39)
yk(H 40)
113 Microsoft PowerPoint 2000
Slide yHkwlyGm;jcif;
27/ Slide Page wpfckyHkwlyGm;vkdygu-
(u) Duplicate vkyfvkdaom Slide Page ukd Select vkyfyg/
( c) Insert Menu rS Duplicate Slide ukd Click vkyfyg/ykH(41)
( *) a&mufaeaom Slide \aemufwGif ,if; Slide ESihfykHwl Slide Pagewpfck xyf
ay:vmrnf/
yk(H 41)
Drawing Toolbars
28/ Drawing Toolbars onf ykrH eS t
f m;jzifh PowerPoint ScreenatmufajcwGiaf y:aernf/
Drawing Toolbars ray:ygu View Menu rS Toolbars ay:wGif Point vkyfyg/ ay:vmaom
submenu rS Drawing ukd Click vkyfyg- ykH(42)
yk(H 42)
Microsoft PowerPoint 2000 114
AutoShapes Tools
29/ Drawing Toolbars rS AutoShapes ukd Click vkyyf g/ ay:vmaom Menu rS atmufyg
Shapes trsdK;rsdK;ukd a½G;cs,ftokH;jyKEkdifonf ykH(43)ESihfykH(44) -
115 Microsoft PowerPoint 2000
Connectors
Line
Block Arrows
Basic Shapes
Flowchart
Action Buttons
More Autoshapes
ykH (44)
ykH (45)
117 Microsoft PowerPoint 2000
yk(H 46)
yk(H 48)
Microsoft PowerPoint 2000 118
Objects rsm;udkzsufjcif;
33/ Object rsm; zsufvkdygu zsufvkdaom Object rsm;ukd Select vkyfyg/ NyD;vQif Delete
Key ukd ESdyfygu a&G;cs,fxm;aom Object rsm; ysufoGm;ygrnf/
zsufvkdaom
Slide Page
Outline Pane
yk(H 49)
119 Microsoft PowerPoint 2000
ykw
H iG f Slide page 3ukad &G;xm;onf/ Ny;D vQif Delete Key ukd ESyd yf gu Warning Box ay:vmrnf/
,if; Box rS OK ukd Click vkyfyg/ ykH(50) ,if; Slide ysufoGm;ygvdrfhrnf/
yk(H 50)
aemufcHta&mifajymif;jcif;
37/ Slide Color Scheme jzihf Background Color ajymif;vkdygu-
(u) Format Menu rS Slide Color Scheme ukd Click vkyfyg/ykH(51)
yk(H 51)
yk(H 52)
Microsoft PowerPoint 2000 120
yk(H 53)
yk(H 54)
121 Microsoft PowerPoint 2000
yk(H 55)
yk(H 56)
yk(H 57)
Color a&G;&ef
(2) Color rS Two Color ukd a½G;NyD; Color1 ESihf Color2 wGif tvdk&dS&m
ta&mifrsm; a&G;yg/ykH(59)
yk(H 59)
yk(H 60)
Microsoft PowerPoint 2000 124
yk(H 61)
yk(H 62)
yk(H 63)
Microsoft PowerPoint 2000 126
yk(H 64)
(3) File name Text box wGif Picture File name ukd ½kdufxnfhyg/
(4) Picture File name ukd rodygu Look in &Sd Down Arrow ukdESdyfyg/
ay:vmaom Drives and Folder list rS File &Sdrnfh Folder ukd&SmNyD;
Click vkyfygu File List Box wGif File rsm;ay:vmrnf/
(5) ay:vmaom File rsm;rS wpfckukda½G;yg/ (Oyrm-Windows rS Clouds
Picture File ukda½G;yg)
(6) Insert button uk d Click vk y f y gu Fill Effects Dialog Box
jyefay:vmrnf/
(7) OK button uk d Click vk y f y gu Background Dialog Box
jyefay:vmrnf/
(8) Current Slide Page twGuf Apply button ukd Click vkyfyg/ Slide
Page tm;vkH;twGufrl Apply to All button tm; Click vkyfyg/
(q) Background xnfhxm;aom Slide Page rS Background ukd jyefjzKwfvkdygu-
(1) jzKwfvkdaom Slide Page ukd a½G;yg/
127 Microsoft PowerPoint 2000
yk(H 65)
(3) ¤if; Box rS Color &Sd Down Arrow ukd Click vkyfyg/ykH(66)
yk(H 66)
yk(H 67)
yk(H 68)
( *) ¤if; Box rS tvk&d adS om Design wpfcu
k adk ½G;Ny;D Apply button ukd Click vkyyf g/
129 Microsoft PowerPoint 2000
yk(H 69)
yk(H 70)
Microsoft PowerPoint 2000 130
(C) ,if; Box rS File name Text box wGif Movie File name ukd½kdufxnfhyg/
( i) Movie File name rodygu &Sm&ef Look in &Sd Down ArrowukdESdyfyg/
ay:vmaom Drives and Folder list rS File &Sdrnfh Folder ukd &SmNyD; Click
vkyfygu File List Box wGif File rsm;ay:vmrnf/
( p) ay:vmaom File rsm;rS wpfckukda½G;yg/
(q) OK button ukd Click vkyfyg/ Dialog Box wpfckxyfay:vmrnf/ ykH(71)
yk(H 71)
( Z) Insert vkyfvkdufaom Movie File tm; Slide Show jycsdefwGif tvkdtavsmuf
jyapvkdu Yes Button ukd Click vkyfyg (okdYr[kwf) rjyvdkygu No button ukd
Click vkyfyg/
toHzdkifrsm;xnfhoGif;jcif;
42/ Slide Page wpfckwGif toHygaom Sound File rsm; xnfhvkdygu-
(u) Insert Menu rS Movies and Sounds ukd Point vkyfyg/ ykH(72)
yk(H 72)
131 Microsoft PowerPoint 2000
yk(H 73)
(C) ,if; Box rS File name Text box wGif Sound File name ukd½kdufxnfhyg/
( i) Sound File name rodygu &Sm&ef Look in &Sd Down ArrowukE d ydS yf g/ ay:vm
aom Drives and Folder list rS File &Sdrnfh Folder ukd &SmNyD; Click vkyfyg/
File List Box wGif File rsm;ay:vmrnf/
( p) ay:vmaom File rsm;rS wpfckukda½G;yg/
(q) OK button ukd Click vkyfygu Dialog Box wpfckxyfay:vmrnf/ykH(74)
yk(H 74)
yk(H 75)
yk(H 76)
133 Microsoft PowerPoint 2000
( *) Chart Title wGif rdrd Chart \acgif;pOfudk Cursor csí ½ku d yf g/ tvm;wl Chart
twGif;&Sd Label rsm;ukdvnf; rdrd Label rsm;jzifh tpm;xkd;½kdufyg/ Label Block
rsm; xyfw;dk vkyd g Toolbars rS wk;d vkad om Label Tools ukd Click vkyyf g/ Ny;D vQif
Chart &Sd Label ay:wGif Click vkyfyg/ þenf;jzifh Label rsm;ukd tqifhqifh
yGm;Ekdifonf/ rvkdaom Label ukd zsufvkdygu ¤if; Label ukd Click vkyfyg/
NyD;vQif Edit Menu rS Clear ukd Click vkyfyg/
yk(H 77)
yk(H 78)
Microsoft PowerPoint 2000 134
yk(H 79)
(C) rlv Slide Page ukd jyefoGm;&ef File Menu rS Exit and Return to Presenta-
tion ukd Click vkyfyg/ ykH(60)
yk(H 60)
WordArt xnfhoGif;jcif;
45/ Slide Page rsm;wGif 'DZkdif;pmvkH;rsm;ukd xnfhoGif;vkdygu WordArt ('DZkdif;pmvkH;rsm;)ukd
tokH;jyKEkdifonf-
(u) Insert MenurS Pictureukd Point
vkyfyg/ ay:vmaom SubmenurS
WordArt ukd Click vkyfyg/ ykH(61)
yk(H 61)
135 Microsoft PowerPoint 2000
yk(H 62)
( *) ESpo
f uf&m Style wpfcu
k dk a½G;í OK button ukd Click vkyyf gu Edit WordArt
Text Dialog Box ay:vmrnf/ ykH(63)
yk(H 63)
(C) ¤if; Box wGif Font ESifh Size ukd a½G;cs,fyg/ NyD;vQif ]]COMPUTER}} ukd ½kduf
xnfhyg/ NyD;vQif OK button ukd Click vkyfyg/ WordArt yef;pmvkH; wpfck
jzpfvmrnf/ ykH(64)
yk(H 64)
Microsoft PowerPoint 2000 136
yk(H 65)
Z,m;rsm;xnfhoGif;jcif;
46/ Slide Page wGif Z,m;xnfhoGif;vkdygu-
(u) Insert Menu rS Table ukd Click vkyfyg/ykH(66)
yk(H 66)
yH(k 67)
yk(H 68)
yk(H 69)
Microsoft PowerPoint 2000 138
yk(H 70)
yk(H 71)
yk(H 72)
yk(H 73)
yk(H 74)
yk(H 75)
( i) ¤if; Box wGif Standard Type Tab ESifh Custom Types Tab wkdYrS ESpfouf&m
Chart wpfckukd a&G;NyD; OK button tm; Click vkyfyg/
( p) Chart Menu rS Chart Option ukd a½G;yg/ ykH(76)
Microsoft PowerPoint 2000 140
yk(H 76)
yk(H 77)
( Z) ¤if; Box \ Title Tab wGif Chart Title, X axis, Y axis wkw Yd iG f oifah wmfaom
Text rsm; ½kdufxnfhyg/
( ps) Axes Tab wGif X Value, Y Value wefz;kd rsm; azsmufxm;Ekid o f nf/ ay:apvkyd gu
ay:apEkdifygonf/
(n) Gridlines Tab wGif Gridlines rsm;ukd azsmufxm;Eki
d o
f uJoh Ydk ay:apvku d ay:ap
Ekid yf gonf/
( #) Legend Tab wGif Value ESifh Label ukd jyvkdygu jyEkdifonf/ rjyvkdu jzKwfxm;
ekid o
f nf/
( X) Setting rsm;ukd a½G;cs,fNyD;ygu OK button tm; Click vkyfyg/
( !) Datasheet tjyifbufwGif Click vkyfyg/
141 Microsoft PowerPoint 2000
yk(H 78)
yk(H 79)
yk(H 80)
(C) 4if;rS File &Sd Text Box wGif Filename (Oyrm- C:\exam\Book1.xls) ukd
½kdufxnfhNyD; OK button ukd Click vkyfyg/
Microsoft PowerPoint 2000 142
yk(H 81)
yk(H 82)
yk(H 83)
yk(H 84)
( *) ¤if; Box wGif Create from file Option ukd a½G;yg/ ykH(85) Objects Type ukd
a½G;í OK button ukd Click vkyfyg/
yk(H 85)
Microsoft PowerPoint 2000 144
(C) 4if;rSFile Text Box wGif Filename (Oyrm- C:\My Documents\ myfile.doc)
ukd ½kdufxnfhNyD; OK button ukd Click vkyfyg/
( i) Slide Page wGif Microsoft Word Document y:vmrnf/ykH(86)
yk(H 86)
yk(H 87)
yk(H 86)
yk(H 87)
Microsoft PowerPoint 2000 146
( *) Effect &Sd Down Arrow button ukd Click vkyfí ay:vmaom List rS Effect
wpfckckukd a½G;yg/ rxnfhvkdygu ¤if; List rS No Transition ukd a½G;yg/ ykH(88)-
(1) Cover Left ukd a½G;ygu Slide Page onf b,fbufrS 0ifvmrnf/
(2) vIy&f mS ;rItaES;tjrefuv dk u
dk í
f Slow, Medium, Fast wpfcck u k dk a½G;yg/
(3) xkdkokdYa½G;cs,fygu Slide Page \vIyf&Sm;rIerlemudk awGU&rnf/
yk(H 88)
(C ) Advance wGif -
(1) On mouse Click ukda½G;ygu Slide Page onf Mouse ukd Click
vkyfrSom ay:vmrnf/
(2) Automatically After ukd a½G;cs,fygu tcsdefxnfhay;&rnf/ (Oyrm -
00;10 xnhfygu 10-puúefY Mumrnf) ykH(89)
yk(H 89)
147 Microsoft PowerPoint 2000
yk(H 90)
(1) 4if; List rS Vertical Scroll ukd tokH;csí &SmazGNyD; Sound wpfckckukd
a½G;cs,fyg/ Oyrm- vufckyfwD;oH(Clapping)ukd a½G;ygu Slide Page
ay:csdefwGif vufckyfwD;oH Mum;&ygrnf/
(2) rxnfhvkdu ¤if; List rS No Sound ukd a½G;&ygrnf/
(3) Sound List rS Loop until next sound ukd a½G;cs,y f gu vufcyk w
f ;D oH
onf Next Sound rwkdifrDtxd Mum;ae&rnf/ ykH(91)
Microsoft PowerPoint 2000 148
yk(H 91)
vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;zefwD;jcif;
55/ Animation Effect ukd Slide Page &Sd Text frame rsm;? Graphic ykHrsm;ESifh Drawing
ykHrsm;wGif wpfckcsif; oD;jcm;pD (okdYr[kwf) Group vkdufxnfhoGif;Ekdifonf-
(u) Using Preset Animation
(1) Slide Page wGi&f adS om Element rsm;xJrS wpfcu k dk Select vkyyf g/ Oyrm
Text Frame (okdYr[kwf) Object wpfckukd Select vkyfyg/
(2) Slide Show Menu rS Preset Animation ukd Point vkyfygu
Animation List ay:vmrnf/ ykH(92)
149 Microsoft PowerPoint 2000
yk(H 92)
yk(H 93)
yk(H 94)
yk(H 95)
yk(H 96)
yk(H 97)
153 Microsoft PowerPoint 2000
yk(H 98)
yk(H 99)
Microsoft PowerPoint 2000 154
yk(H 100)
yk(H 101)
yk(H 102)
( *) ¤if; Box &Sd Show Type wGif Presented by a speaker (full screen) ukd
a½G;yg/
(C) Animation Effects rsm; rxnfhvkdygu Show without animation ukd Click
vkyyf g/
Microsoft PowerPoint 2000 156
yk(H 103)
yk(H 104)
yk(H 105)
Microsoft PowerPoint 2000 158
yk(H 106)
yk(H 108)
(n) ¤if; Box rS Start Menu Programs Tab rS Add button ukd Click vkyfyg/
( #) Create Shortcut Dialog Box ay:vmrnf/ ykH(109)
yk(H 109)
Microsoft PowerPoint 2000 160
( X) ¤if; Box rS Command line wGif jyvkdaom PowerPoint name ukd ½kdufxnfh
&rnf/ ykH(110)
yk(H 110)
( !) zkid t
f rnfrawG&Y ySd gu Browse button ukEd ydS í
f jyovkad om zdik t
f rnfu&dk mS azGNy;D
Click vkyfyg/
( ¡) NyD;vQif Next button ukd Click vkyfygu Select Folder Program Dialog
Box ay:vmrnf/ ykH(111)
yk(H 111)
161 Microsoft PowerPoint 2000
ykH(112 )
59/ xko
d v
Ydk yk af qmifNy;D ygu uGeyf sLwmrD; pzGicfh sed w
f iG f 4if; Presentation file onf Windows
98 Screen ESihf wpfqufwnf; ay:vmrnf/
PC Hardware, Maintenance & Upgrading 162
tcef; ( 4 )
PC Hardware Maintenance and Upgrading
Typical ATX Motherboard & Real Panel Connectors
1/ PII/PIII ATX Motherboard wpfck\ Layout Diagram ESifh Built-in Connector
rsm;tm; atmufaz:jyyg ykH(1)ESifhyHk(2)wdkYtwkdif; Type trsKd;rsKd;awGY½SdEkdifygonf-
Floppy Disk Connector
ATX Power Supply Hard Disk
..........
..........
Connector }
Connector South
Bridge
Backup
DIMM Battery
} Memory
Bank AGP Slot
North
ISA Slots
ISA Slots
Bridge
PCI Slots
PCI Slots
PCI Slots
PCI Slots
Slot 1(CPU)
A C
F H
B D E G I J K
A PS2/ mouse E Serial Port A I Audio Line Out (optional)
B PS2/ keyboard F Parallel Port J Audio Line in (optional)
C USB Port 1 G Serial Port B K Audio Mic in (optional)
D USB Port 2 H MIDI/Game Port (optional)
Slot Type PII/PIII ATX Motherboard
yHk (1)
163 PC Hardware, Maintenance & Upgrading
Z,m; (2)
Pentium MMX 1.5-4.5x 1.8-2.8v 32-bit 64-bit 4GB 2x16KB WB - Bus Yes MMX 4.5M Jan'97
165
Pentium Pro 2-3x 3.3v 32-bit 64-bit 64GB 2x8KB WB 256KB Core Yes - 5.5M Nov'95
512KB
1MB
Pentium II 3.5-4.5x 1.8-2.8v 32-bit 64-bit 64GB 2x16KB WB 512KB 1/2Core Yes MMX 7.5M May'97
Pentium II PE 3.5-6x 1.6v 32-bit 64-bit 64GB 2x16KB WB 256KB Core3 Yes MMX 27.4M Jan'99
Celeron 3.5-4.5x 1.8-2.8v 32-bit 64-bit 64GB 2x16KB WB 0KB - Yes MMX 7.5M Apr'98
Celeron A 3.5-8x 1.5-2v 32-bit 64-bit 64GB 2x16KB WB 128KB Core3 Yes MMX 19M Aug'98
Celeron III 4.5-9x 1.3-1.6v 32-bit 64-bit 64GB 2x16KB WB 128KB Core3 Yes SSE 28.1M Feb'2000
Pentium III 4-6x 1.8-2v 32-bit 64-bit 64GB 2x16KB WB 256KB 1/2Core Yes SSE 9.5M Feb'99
Pentium III E 4-9x 1.3-1.7v 32-bit 64-bit 64GB 2x16KB WB 512KB Core3 Yes SSE 28.1M Oct'99
1MB
2MB
Pentium II Xeon 4-4.5x 1.8-2.8v 32-bit 64-bit 64GB 2x16KB WB 512KB Core Yes MMX 7.5M Apr'98
1MB
2MB
Pentium III Xeon 5-6x 1.8-2.8v 32-bit 64-bit 64GB 2x16KB WB 512KB Core Yes SSE 9.5M Mar'99
1MB
2MB
Pentium III E Xeon 4.5-6.5x 1.65v 32-bit 64-bit 64GB 2x16KB WB 256KB Core3 Yes SSE 28.1M Oct'99
1MB 84M May2000
2MB 140M
PC Hardware, Maintenance & Upgrading
Intel Compatible Processors
Internal Data L1 L2
Processor CPU Register Bus Max L1 Cache L2 Cache Integral Multimedia No. of Date
Introduced Clock Voltage Size Width Memory Cache Type Cache Speed FPU Instructions Tsransistors
AMD K5 1.5-1.75x 3.5v 32-bit 64-bit 4GB 16+8KB WB - Bus Yes - 4.3M Mar'96
AMD K6 2.5-4.5x 2.2-3.2v 32-bit 64-bit 4GB 2x32KB WB - Bus Yes MMX 8.8M Apr'97
AMD-K6-2 3.5-5x 2.2-2.4v 32-bit 64-bit 4GB 2x32KB WB - Bus Yes 3DNow 9.3M May'98
AMD-K6-3 4.5x 2.2-2.4v 32-bit 64-bit 4GB 2x32KB WB 256KB Core Yes 3DNow 21.3M Feb'99
AMD-Athlon 5-10x 1.6-1.8v 32-bit 64-bit 8TB 2x64KB WB 512KB 1/2-1/3CoreYes Ench.3DNow 22M Jun'99
3
AMD-Duron 5-10x 1.5-1.8v 32-bit 64-bit 8TB 2x64KB WB 64KB Core Yes Ench.3DNow 25M Jun'2000
AMD-Athlon 4 5-10x 2.5-3.5v 32-bit 64-bit 8TB 2x64KB WB 256KB Core3 Yes Ench.3DNow 37M Jun'2000
Cyrix 6x86 2x 2.5-3.5v 32-bit 64-bit 4GB 16KB WB - Bus Yes - 3M Feb'96
Cyrix 6x86MX/MII 2.3-5x 2.9v 32-bit 64-bit 4GB 64KB WB - Bus Yes MMX 6.5M May'97
Cyrix III 2.5-7x 2.2v 32-bit 64-bit 4GB 64KB WB 256KB Core3 Yes 3DNow 22M Feb'2000
166
165
Nexgen Nx586 2x 4v 32-bit 64-bit 4GB 2x16KB WB - Bus Yes - 3.5M Mar'94
IDT Winchip 3.4x 3.3-3.5v 32-bit 64-bit 4GB 2x32KB WB - Bus Yes MMX 5.4M Oct'97
Z,m; (3)
IDT Winchip2/2a 2.33-4x 3.3-3.5v 32-bit 64-bit 4GB 2x32KB WB - Core3 Yes 3DNow 5.9M Sep'98
Rise mP6 2-3.5x 2.8v 32-bit 64-bit 4GB 2x8KB WB - Bus Yes MMX 3.6M Oct'98
= 128 KB functional L2 cache (265 KB total, 128 KB disabled), use same die as Pentium 333 E.
167 PC Hardware, Maintenance & Upgrading
Chipset
4/ Motherboard wpfck\pGrf;aqmifEkdifrIukd t"ducsKyfukdifaom Chip rSm Chipset jzpfyg
onf/ Chipset rsm;ukd CPU, Main Memory, AGP (Accelerated Graphic Port) ESifh Slot
rsm;tm;xdef;csKyfonfh North Bridge ESifh Hard Disk Controller, USB wkdYukdxdef;csKyfonfh
South Bridge [lí½Sdygonf/ Intel Chipset, SIS Chipset, ALi Chipset, UMC Chipset,
VIA Chipset ponfjzifhawGU&SdEdkifygonf/ Intel Chipset rsm;\ pGrf;aqmifekdifrIESifh pufrIqkdif&m
t&nftaoG;rsm;ukd Z,m;rsm;jzifh EIdif;,SOfavhvmEkdifygonf/
Z,m; (4)
169 PC Hardware, Maintenance & Upgrading
Z,m; (5)
Mother Board Upgrading
6/ Chipset ay:rlwnfí Mother Board Speed ? Memory Bus Speed uGmjcm;onfh
twGuf Mother Board wGif wyfqif&rnfh t"durSwOf mPf (Main Memory) \tjrefEeI ;f rsm;
onfvnf; Mother Board Speed ?Memory Bus Speed ESihf uduk n
f &D efvt
kd yfygonf/ odjYk zpfí
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Memory trsKd;tpm;(FPM / EDO / SDRAM / RDRAM) ESifh Memory Speed (PC 66
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PGA = Pin Grid Array SPGA = Staggered Pin Grid Array VRM = Voltage Regulator Module
Z,m; (6)
CPU Speed CPU Clock Mainboard CPU Speed CPU Clock Mainboard
CPU Type (MHz) Multiplier Speed (MHz) CPU Type (MHz) Multiplier Speed (MHz)
Z,m; (7)
171 PC Hardware, Maintenance & Upgrading
Backside
1 CPU \System I/O Bus bus
speed tm; 66 MHz rS
100 ~133~200 MHz xd
CPU
I/O BUS
Private
CPU CPU
backside bus
I/O bus I/O bus
(64 bits wide)
(64 bits wide) (64 bits wide)
PCI device PCI device PCI device PCI device PCI device PCI device
PCI rS Data yk d Y v T w f
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uk d raqmif & G u f Ek d i f o jzif h AGP Chipset ygaom Motherboard rsm;jzif h Upgrade
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PC Hardware, Maintenance & Upgrading 174
How Accelerated Graphics Port Works
13/ AGP \pGrf;aqmifEdkifrIudk atmufygyHkjzifh awGUjrifedkifygonf-
AGP onf tjcm; Bus rsm;ESifh rQa0okH;pGJ
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ojzifh Memoryvkt d yfrI enf;onf/ tjrefEIef; (Band width) ukd ESpfq
jrifhwufaponf/ yHk (6)
14/ okdYjzpfí Main Memory ESifhqufoG,f&mü AGP onf PCI Bus xuf 4qykdrkdjrefqef
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Presentation rsm;ESifh Editing vkyfaqmifjcif;rsm;wGif AGP 2x, 4x Graphic Card wkdYukd
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PCI ESifh AGP Graphic Card wkdY\ tjrefEIef;EdIif;,SOfcsuf
(AGP 2x onf PCI xuf av;qjrefjyD;? AGP 4x onf PCI xuf ½Spfqjrefonf)
PCI AGP 2x
Bits per transfer 32 32
Transfer per clock cycle One Two
Clock cycles per second 33.3Million 66.6 Million
Band Width 133 MByte/Sec 533 MByte/Sec
175 PC Hardware, Maintenance & Upgrading
yHk (7)
177 PC Hardware, Maintenance & Upgrading
19/ txufygyHtk & Iron Oxide jzifh Coating vkyx f m;aom puf0ikd ;f yHk tvlreD ,
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Fly Head Principle jzifh Platter \rsufESmjyifESifh 1 vufr\ tyHk 1 oef;yHkvQif 3 yHkcefY
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20/ ,if;odkY Head rSzwfaepOf (Hard Disk tvkyfvkyfaepOf? Hard Disk LED vif;aepOf)
User rS Proper Shut Down rjyKvkyfojzifhvnf;aumif;? rD;ysufjcif; rD;tm;avsmhusjcif; ponfh
Electrical Power Problem jzpfojzifhvnf;aumif;? vnfywfrI½kwfw&uf&yfwefYjcif;aMumifh
yifhtm;&aeaom Head rSm yifhtm;r&awmhbJ Platter \rsufESmjyifESifhxdcdkufrdojzifh Head
Crack jzpfum Data rsm;aysmufqHk;Edkifonfhtjyif Hard Disk rSmvnf; ysufpD;Edkifygonf/
21/ rD;tm;jyóemrsm;aMumifhvnf;aumif;? oHk;pGJol\toHk;rjyKwwfrIaMumifhvnf;aumif;
Head Crack jzpfEi kd o
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umuG,fwm;qD;&ef vdktyfojzifY trsdK;tpm;aumif;rGefaom UPS ESifY Surge Protector rsm;udk
tokH;jyK&ef vdktyfygonf/ owfrSwfcsufESifhudkufnDaom Ground System &dS&efESifh oHk;pGJolrS
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22/ Hard Disk onf atmufaz:jyygyHkrsm;twdkif; puf0dkif;yHkvrf;aMumif; Tracks rsm;jzifh
tcsuftvufrsm;udk Magnetic Sport rsm;tjzpfzefwD;í " 1, 0 " rsm;tjzpf odrf;qnf;ygonf/
Platter rsufESmjyifwdkif;wGif Track rsm;wnf&Sdav&m rsufESmjyifrsm;&Sd eHygwfwlnDaom Track
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123
123
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123 Head Arm Platter
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123
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yHk (8)
123
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PC Hardware, Maintenance & Upgrading 178
23/ Hard Disk wpfvHk;\tcsuftvuf odkavSmifEdkifrIyrmPudk Cylinder ta&twGuf?
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Tracks per Inch ( TPI ) Tracks per Inch ( TPI )
Bits Bits
per per
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Lower Higher
Bits
Areal Areal
Density Density
yHk (9)
24/ Hard Disk \ Platter Surface wGiaf tmufaz:jyyg yH(k 10)twdik ;f puf0ikd ;f yHv
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yHk (10)
179 PC Hardware, Maintenance & Upgrading
Middle Track
yHk (11)
Inner Track
MiddleCylinder
Inner Cylinder
yHk (12)
PC Hardware, Maintenance & Upgrading 180
Hard Disk Features
26/ Hard Disk wpfvHk;tm;a½G;cs,f&mü-
(u) Reliability (,HkMunfpdwfcs&rI)
( c) Capacity (odkavSmifEdkifrIyrmP)
( *) Interface Type (csdwfqufEdkifonfhpepf)
(C) SMART (Self Monitoring And Reporting Technique)
( i) Head Technology (Head wnfaqmufxm;onfh enf;ynm)
( p) MTBF (oufwrf;umv)
( q) Shock Mounting (vIyf&Sm;rI'PfcHEdkif&ef txdef;rsm;)
( Z ) Speed (tjrefEIef;)
( ps) Cost (wefzdk;aiG) wdkYudkMunfhí a½G;cs,foifhygonf/
27/ Hard Disk wpfvHk;\oufwrf;udk MTBF (Mean Time Between Failure) jzifh
wdkif;wm onf/ MTBF rSm 20000 rS 50000 em&D txufwGif&SdEdkifygonf/ (Oyrm/ MTBF
t& em&D (5)aomif; &Sdaom Hard Disk wpfvHk;udk (1) &ufvQif (8) em&DMumtoHk;jyKygu
(17)ESpfMumtoHk;jyKEdkifNyD; (24)em&DtjynfhtoHk;jyKrnfqdkygu (6)ESpfcefY toHk;jyKEdkifaMumif;
wGucf sucf efrY eS ;f Edik yf gonf/) 4if;onf oDt&kd t
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28/ Hard Disk udktoHk;jyKaepOf owdxm;&rnfhtcsufrsm;ESifhxdef;odrf;rIrsm;
(u) uGeyf sLwmtm; rD;zGijhf cif;? rD;ydwjf cif;wdu Yk kd owfrw S cf suEf iS thf nD vkyaf qmif&rnf/
( c) Hard Disk rD;vif;aepOf (odkY) tvkyfvkyfaepOf rydwf&? rvIyf&Sm;&yg/
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oHk;oifhygonf/ (Data rsm;udktjcm; Media wpfckckwGif Backup jyKvkyfNyD;rSom
oHk;pGJoifhygonf/)
(C) CMOS Setup &S d Hard Disk ES i f h y wf o uf a om tcsuf t vuf r sm;ud k
jyKjyifajymif; vJrIjyKvkyf&mwGif owdjyKyg/
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Defragment jyKvy k jf cif;rsm;jzifh yHrk eS x
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(Norton Utility jzpfygu Norton Disk Doctor jyKvkyfay;jcif;? Speed Disk
jyKvkyfjcif;rsm;jzifh yHkrSefxdef;odrf;rI aqmif½Gufoifhygonf/)
181 PC Hardware, Maintenance & Upgrading
yHk (13)
PC Hardware, Maintenance & Upgrading 182
Floppy Disk
31/ Floppy Disk wpfcsy\
f puf0ikd ;f yHv
k rf;aMumif;ESihf Sector rsm; pdyyf ikd ;f xm;yHu
k kd atmufyg
twdkif; awGU&dS&rnfjzpfygonf- Track 0, Sector 1 Track 0, Sector 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
Track 1, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
Sector 1 Track 1, Sector 9
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
12345678901234567890123456789012123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
12345678901234567890123456789012123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
12345678901234567890123456789012123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
12345678901234567890123456789012123
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
12345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123
12345678901234567890123456789012
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
123
123
123
123
Head Arm ó Platter Track 0, Sector 2123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
12345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
12345678901234567890123456789012
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
12345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123
12345678901234567890123456789012
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
12345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
12345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123
12345678901234567890123456789012
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
12345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
12345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123
12345678901234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
1234567890123456789012345
123
123
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
12345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123
1234567890123456789012
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
12345678901234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789
1234567890123456789012345
12345678901234567890123456789012123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
12345678901234567890123456789012123
1234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789012
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
12345678901234567890123456789
1234567890123456789012345
123 12345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
12345678901234567890123456789012123
12345678901234567890123456789012
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
12345678901234567890123456789
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789
123
123
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
12345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123
1234567890123456789012
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
12345678901234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789
123456789012345
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
12345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123
1234567890123456789012
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
12345678901234567890123456789
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789
123 123456789012345
12345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
12345678901234567890123456789012123
12345678901234567890123456789012
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
12345678901234567890123456789
1234567890123456789
1234567890123456789012345
123 12345678901234567890123456789012123456
123456789012345
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
1234567890123456789012
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12345678901234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789
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1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789
123
123
123456789012345
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
12345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789012123
12345678901234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
1234567890123456789
1234567890123456789012345
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
123
Head 123456789012345
12345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123
1234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789012
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
12345678901234567890123456789
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
123
123456789012345
12345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789012123
12345678901234567890123456789012
12345
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
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1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789
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123
12345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012
123456789012345
12345678901234567890123456789012123
12345678901234567890123456789012
12345
12345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
12345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123
12345678901234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
123
123456789012345
1234567890123456789012
12345
1234567890123456789
1234567890123456789012345
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
12345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123
1234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789012
12345
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
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12345
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Floppy Disk ESifh Head vIyf&Sm;rI 12345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012
123456789012345
12345678901234567890123456789012123
12345678901234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
12345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123
12345678901234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
123456789012345
1234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789
1234567890123456789012345
123456789012345
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
12345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123
1234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789012
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
12345678901234567890123456789
1234567890123456789
1234567890123456789012345
123456789012345
12345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
12345678901234567890123456789012123
12345678901234567890123456789012
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
12345678901234567890123456789
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
12345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012
123456789012345
12345678901234567890123456789012123
12345678901234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789
yHk (14) 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
12345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789012123
12345678901234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
1234567890123456789
1234567890123456789012345
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
12345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123
1234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789012
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
12345678901234567890123456789
1234567890123456789
1234567890123456789012345
12345678901234567890123456789012123456
1234567890123456789012
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
12345678901234567890123456789012123
12345678901234567890123456789012
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
12345678901234567890123456789
1234567890123456789012345
12345678901234567890123456789012123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
12345678901234567890123456789012123
12345678901234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
1234567890123456789012345
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
12345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123
12345678901234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
1234567890123456789012345
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
12345678901234567890123456789012123456
12345678901234567890123456789012123
12345678901234567890123456789012
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
12345678901234567890123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
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12345678901234567890123456789012
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
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12345678901234567890123456789012123
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
yHk (15)
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
Floppy Disk \puf0dkif;yHkvrf;aMumif;ESifhSector
rsm;
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5¼" Diskette
yHk (16)
3½" Diskette yHk (17)
yHk (19)
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185 PC Hardware, Maintenance & Upgrading
yHk (21)
187 PC Hardware, Maintenance & Upgrading
}
24x 3,686,400 3,600 90
32x 4,915,200 4,800
36x 5,529,600 5,400
40x 6,114,000 6,000
48x 7,372,800 7,200 85~75 or less
52x 7,987,200 7,500
100x 15,360,000 15,000
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PC Hardware, Maintenance & Upgrading 188
CD-ROM Format
Format Used For Notes
Red Book Digital audio CDs This standard, a.k.a. CDDA (Compact Disc Digital
Audio), was codeveloped by Philips and Sony
Yellow Book Computer CDs Specifies physical arrangement of sector. ISO Mode
1:9660
Level 1: PC, Apple, UNIX, DVI
Level 2: CDTV
ISO 9660, HFS, and HFS-ISO are used with Yellow
Book to define file and directory structures. See also
Mode 1, Mode 2, and CD-ROM/XA, which define
sector formats.
White Book VideoCD Stores MPEG 1, MPEG 2, and similar video sources.
Has replaced VHS video in southeast Asia for flim
distribution
Orange Book Writable CDs Port I-Magneto-Optical Drives
including CD-R, Port II-CD-R
magneto-optical, single and
multisession recording and
packet writing
Green Book Combination of Red Book and CD-ROM/XA can be played on either CD-I or
Yellow Book - for CD-I CD-ROM drives; CD-I has been used for interactive
(Interactive CD) sales presentations and kiosks
CD+(Enhance CD) Combines music and computer Used by musical artists to incoporate video and
data on single CD interviews on music CDs
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189 PC Hardware, Maintenance & Upgrading
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PC Hardware, Maintenance & Upgrading 190
Jaz Specifications
DAT 2GB/4GB 114MB/in 1869 195 ft./ Helical Scan DDS* SCSI
(Digital AudioTape) 300 ft. DataDAT
Video
Tape 14GB n/a n/a 120m Helical Scan
SparQ Specifications
Transfer rate:
Maximum 6.9MB/sec
Minimum 3.7MB/sec
Burst (PIO mode 4) 16.6MB/sec
Substained transfer rate: parallel version 1.25MB/sec
Average seek time 12ms
Disk rotational speed 5,400rpm
Burst (PIO mode 4) 16.6MB/sec
Substained transfer rate: parallel version 1.25MB/sec
Average seek time 12ms
Disk rotational speed 5,400rpm
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PC Hardware, Maintenance & Upgrading 192
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193 PC Hardware, Maintenance & Upgrading
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