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F/HD/06/3510041
INTRODUCTION
municipal and state laws regulating the construction of buildings and prescribing
minimum requirements for fire protection, sanitation, and safety. Such laws are
intended primarily to set standards for new construction but also to prevent the
confiscatory, these laws have been held by the courts to be within the police power
of the state.
The advent of building codes could be traced as far back as 1790 B.C. when the
code of HAMMURABI came into existence. The code stressed the point of that
the safety of the occupants should be put into consideration during the construction
of such building otherwise, heavy penalties awaits the builder of such a building if
The code of HAMMURABI states as follows: if a man builds for another and the
building collapse and kills the owner, the builder will be put to death. If the
building kills the son of the owner, the son of the builder will be put to death. If the
building destroys the property of the owner, the builder will replace the damaged
property.
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THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE IN NIGERIA
The National Building Code is a document that was signed into law in 2007 by the
Nigeria especially in Lagos. The government as at that time felt that there was need
to put a stop to the incessant collapse and also, to eventually to put Nigeria into a
more planned status. This reason gave bought about the advent of the National
building code.
GENERAL CONTENT
Part 1
Section 1 Citation
Section 2 Definitions
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Part 2
This part deals with the technicality in the building process in the following
sections
Section 11 Construction
Part 3
Part 4
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Section 14 Referenced standards
being well in body and mind and free from disease while Safety is described by the
same dictionary as a condition of being free from danger, harm or risk. Bokinni
building materials from quarries and methods by which the extraction is occurring,
processes.
Health and Safety in Building construction projects should be a major concern for
everybody in the construction industry but it is a pity that it in this part of the world
In the Civil and building construction works which involve excavation, and/or
equipment, use of hand tools and many other operations call for attention from
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relevant authorities, regulatory bodies, societies, scientists, professionals and
Health and Safety is an inevitable aspect of construction and this is so because the
only time an employee will perform his duties is when the employee is in good
health and is sure of a safety working condition. This boils to the fact that a worker
will perform his duties to the fullest only when he is sure that even when an
One of the most important things that an employer should provide to his employees
At sites where heavy machinery is being used; it is certain that the level is higher
because of the mechanical movement of parts of such machinery and therefore for
the employee that will be monitoring or operating such machinery will be exposed
to accidents. In a case like this, it should be known that the level of safety that will
be provided will be much more than that of a site where ordinary hand tools are
been used.
Based on the above, we now understand that the level of Safety and Health
construction industry and the accidents that may occur will definitely be more
fatal.
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Contemporary English). Encarta Dictionary also state that accidents are mishap
which are unplanned and unfortunate events that result into damage, injury or upset
of some kind.
Accidents can occur even when the job to be done is minimal and could be very
disastrous.
ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
with a view of preventing a reoccurrence, gather data for use in any criminal or
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• When did it occur
ACCIDENT REPORTING
progresses. On this note, it makes it important for an accident register book to exist
on site in which all types of minor injuries such as bruises, to major accidents like
should state the date and time of the occurrence, full name and occupation of the
injured person, the place of the occurrence and a brief description of the
circumstance.
Full Name:
Occupation:
Nature of injury/condition:
Place of occurrence:
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Date and time:
Action taken:
ACCIDENT CONTROL
When an accident occur , it only shows that something has gone wrong with one or
more process of the job or some elements of carelessness on the part of the workers
site supervisor should put in place all necessary prevention or control materials and
take control of contributory causes of the accident. The employer or site supervisor
should also know the physical and mental state of the workers to be sure of the
In ascertaining a reasonable safety control level, the site supervisor should put into
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2. Mental condition of worker
below:
1. All floors should be clean, not slippery and free from debris
2. Stairs, gangways and loading bays should be adequately guarded and maintained
Protective clothing
Provision of protective clothing and equipments are as well important. For safety
• safety helmets
• safety boots
• welding shields
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• vision goggles
• Industrial gloves.
• dust mask
diseases and injuries and the adverse effects of excessively long hours of work.
the operators, who in most cases do not have prior skills for operating such
machines or plants.
laid down to guide the employers the workers and their representatives on the
A worker should be assigned duties in relation to his physical and mental health
and skills.
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Further, employers should have complete control over their employees and
The company must comply with all provisions of safety and health regulations that
Safety program on a project is set by the prime contractor’s project manager who
maps out a program of safety measures commensurate with the size of the project
• Adequate first aid facilities and trained personnel and Safety committee
doctor.
is a qualified personnel.
• Crew leaders who hold brief meetings with workers under their supervisor at
least once a week to discuss the safety operation of their crew and workers,
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• Special mass safety meetings called by the project engineer (all workers
• Safety devices designed to prevent injury and accidents during building and
• Management and supervisors visit the workers and inspect the works and
follows
• To secure the health, safety and welfare of all those who work or visit the
work site.
• To protect persons other than persons listed above against risk to health and
safety arising out of, or in connection with the activities of persons working
on the site.
substance.
This a legislative instrument put in place to ensure that at all times , the safest and
international standard.
It also states the responsibilities at the top management to the general to the
general workforce.
• The management will make known all the risk and health hazard as far as
• The construction manager / safety manager will identify the main hazards on
• In the case of accidents, the procedure laid down for accident reporting will
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This is a committee that ensures a reduced level of risks to health and safety on site
In order to promote safety awareness on maintenance site, the operators of the site
at all levels should be trained for the safety and health on site. This training
for all site operators. The issues to be treated are listed below;
• Causes of accidents
• Cost of accidents
• Accident preventions
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• Emergency procedures
Section 7.43.1 states that “The provisions of this section are intended to maintain
or increase the degree of public safety, health, and general welfare in existing
where compliance with other provisions of this code is specifically required in this
chapter.
Section 7.43.2.2 state that “Where the code enforcement officer determines that an
unsafe condition exists, as provided for in section 2.5, such unsafe condition shall
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Section 7.45.1 states that “The evaluation of the building for fire safety purposes
shall be assessed as follows (a) fire safety (b) means of egress and (c) general
Section 7.46.3.1 states that “It shall be unlawful to load any structure, temporary
Section 7.46.3.2 states that “Whenever any doubt arises as to the structural quality
shall be replaced, or the code enforcement officer shall require a strength test to
four times the superimposed live load to which the material or structural member is
to be subjected. The member shall sustain the test load without failure.
Section 7.46.4.1 states that “When inspection of any construction operation reveals
that any unsafe or irregular conditions exists, code enforcement officer shall notify
the owner and direct the owner to take necessary remedial measures to remove the
hazard or violation.
Sections 7.46.4.2 states that “Unless the owner so notified proceeds to comply with
the orders of the code enforcement officer within 7 days, the code enforcement
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officer shall have full power to correct the usage condition as provided in sections
2.3.6.2 and 2.6. All expenses incurred in the correction of such unsafe condition
Section 7.46.4.3 states that “When the strength and adequacy of any scaffolding or
enforcement officer shall inspect the equipment and shall prohibit its use until
Section 13.5.1 states that “All building or structures regulated by this code and
other related technical codes which are structurally inadequate or have inadequate
life and property are, for the purpose of this section, unsafe.
Section 13.5.2 states that “(g) building service equipment or installations regulated
section, unsafe.
(h) any use of buildings, structures unable to sustain the design loads specified in
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(i) all such unsafe buildings, structures or appendages and building services
equipment and installations are hereby declared to be public nuisances and shall
These and many more sections in the code have spelt out the minimum level of risk
a worker should be exposed to and it has also stated the minimum requirement for
The National Building Code has been of a reasonable advantage to the construction
industry in Nigeria especially in the aspect of health and safety of workers on site.
The provisions of the Code with respect to health and safety has been of
Originally the average Nigerian worker does not know his right as pertain to health
and safety and will see the provision of the same as a favour or privilege instead of
a right. But the code has shown that it is one of the primary duties of the employer
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CONCLUSION
In conclusion the National Building Code addressed the issue of health and safety
in the construction industry amongst other issues addressed. The emergence of the
National Building Code will also make construction work to be carried out in the
The National Building Code, if properly followed and implemented, will prune the
construction industry of all forms of unsafe acts, unsafe working condition, and
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REFERENCE
Publishers , Lagos
Bokinni. S. K (1999) Give the art of safety awareness, accident prevention a new
www.hse.com
Governance. www.uottawwa.ca
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