nYn-eXOn

dMeNIreqaHeTATisxaglic
nig

Ncink~gq~S 2000
[ saklg ]
karpayrbs'G~kniBn
rkasiT

eVHBumelIkTI 1 cMnYn 2, 000 cab'

tml'Tuktamelx 1162 cuHcTI 9 v^cika q~S1970
eVHenAkumhuneragBumExr

Bs 2514

Ks 1970

Garmkfa
v^PaKTand*v^essv^salEdlCnCatiExrm~ak'@

eTsrbs'xn

Gacpl'cMeJHmatub-

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sasCatixnenHg .

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vbFmExrGENttEstxg'xs' k~gBBknBnWtcHtcg'. GMeBIBwtikarN_

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enaHgCaekri_mrtktkat'tmVnEdleyIgTTYlGMBIdUntaeyIgmk .

KWGMeBI BwtikarN_TSgenHehIy EdlbegItnUvsmCJ:Exr. CnCati

Exrsm&yenH CalTplnGtItkal CalTplnsmCJ:ExrenHg .

BitEmnehIyEdlfak~gbvtisasnbeTseyIg eyIgVnqgkat'nUv

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enH

ekayBIVnsal'PaBrugerOgGs'ry:eBld*yUr

(BIstvtTI8

mk

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minVnrlaysUn

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semalsUnsugBIsmCJ:mnusCati

dUcmanGarFmkaled

GasIrI (Assyrie), kik (Grce), rU"m (Rome) .l.

(Chalde),

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x
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CMnHCaescelIrbbenaHrYceTAehIy .

mgenH eyIgnwgsal'CafmgeTot nUvBnWnesckIff~r nesckIkahan

nigesrIPaB. eyIgGs'bsKGImkrarSgk~gdMeNIreyIgeTAkan'karcab'kMeNIt
rs'eLIgv^j nbCaCatieyIgeTotehIy .

mYycMENkeTot, bCaCneyIgk~gsm&yenHmanrhUtdl' 8 lannak',

enaHebIeyIgminrab'ExrenAeyokNamxagtg nigenAfLg' EdlmancMnYnBI 3

eTA 4 laneTotpg . k~g 30 q~SeTot bCaCnenAk~gEdndIkmCasBfenH

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EdlFab'manGs'ry:Cag

K
karerobcMbCaCatiExr rdExreLIgv^j sbeTAtameKalkarnlTibCa

Fibety tampvneyaVy (Dmocratie Politique) nigtampvsgm (Dmocratie

sociale) KWCakarcSVc'CamUldan nbeTskmCasm&yf .

G~kniBnnesovePAd*tUcenHyl'fa drabNaKMnitbCaFibety esrI

PaB sitenAEtelIkdas minBmkayeTACakarBitCak'Esgk~gkickarbtibti

k~gCvPaBral'frbs'rasExrKb'rUb

enAtamPUmiCnbTeTenaH

drabenaH

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byuT esckIlg'exA karKanCMenOeTAelIxngenaHVneLIy .

eVHbg'p~t'KMnitcas'mYyEdlmanGayurab'

KanGIBiVkCagkarpas'br

stvtrYcmkehIyenaHeT. EtenaHk*minEmnkicmYyEdleKminGacsemcVn
enaHk*eTEdr . esckIkahan bUknigkarbuinbsb'rbs'G~kneyaVyExr k~g
kbxNnyuTv^FImYy EdltmvnwgcitKMnitExr sgmExrBitVkdCakarBiVkNas' EtCakarcSVc'CabzmedImIsMercnUvbd^vtn_Exr .
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GanxHGacecaTG~kniBnfa CaG~kmanKMnitTuTid^niym .l.

G~kniBnTMB&rTSgenH CaExrmYyrUbmankMeNItenAcmay 6 KILEm"tBI

Ggrvt VnTTYlkarGb'rMminqaybu"nanBIGgrvt Vnsal'ehIysLaj'Ggr

vtdUcCaTBsmtirbs'xnpal' VnFMeBjv&ycMeNammhaVgsila Ca
kMNb'nvbFm GarFm bvtisasExr suTswgCaekri_mtknPaBrugerOg
sm&yedImmhanKr . CakarFmta karsal'nigkarsLaj'bPBnGarFm

Exr nigbCaCatiExrenH Cmujcit[mankarnwkseNaHdl'GtItkal cg'

eXIjbCaCatiExrkayeTACaBiPBmYyrugerOgtcHtcg'dUcEdlExrFab'sal'
k~gGtItkalsm&y \mhanKr| dUec~aHEdr .

X
k~gKMnitenH G~kniBnKanbeyaCn_GI nwgkarJrtmKtiNaEdlpy

nwgbeyaCn_xg'xs'rbs'CatipgxnenaHeLIy .

KW BIeJHEtCakarmYyEdlTak'Tgdl'GnaKtCati dl'GnaKtBUCGmr

ExrenHehIy EdlG~kniBnGtbTenHminxacGInwglattdagnUvKMnit eyabl'rbs'xnEdlCalTplnkartiHriHsavCavrbs'xnsuTsaF CUndl'mti

saFarNCnCatiKan'CakarBicarNa. karBitsc:enaH escEtkarv^nic&y

yl'eXIjrbs'mtisaFarNCnCaticuH .

G~kniBnesovePAd*tUcenH manCenOy"agmSfa bsinebIkarGanesovePA

enH bNal[mankarBicarNa eFIkarv^nic&yEmnenaH enaHeKaledAbMNgG~k

niBnVnsMercehIy . eKaledAFMrbs'G~kniBn KWelIkykbJaGnaKtExr

ykmkecaTcMeJHsmCJ:Exr KWbegIt[manCabJaeLIgedImIKit kuM[ePc
xn k~gzan:xnCaExrrs'enAelIEdndIsuvNPUmienH .

sUmelakG~kGanemtaGP&yeTas bsinebIenAelITMB&rTSgenH mankar

GFibayedaymanlaytNaxH eJHeyIgminGacbMePc[sUnQwgnUvmena
seJtnarbs'eyIg cMeJHvasnaCatiVneLIy. KWCakarFmtaeT EdlebHdUg
mnusm~ak'sJb'seJn kalebIsemalnGtItkal EdlCasemaln

karQWcab'rbs'Catixn elceFamkk~gsmCJ:mnusenH bUkbJlCamYy

nwgPaBrnt'jab'j&renAcMeJH muxGnaKtkalxHTIedA .
cMeJHvasnaExrk~gGnaKt,

CamYypgEdrnUvesckIsgwm

G~kniBnesovePAd*tUcenHEtgEtEckrMElk

EdldUntaeyIgBIeBgnayrEmgVnciJwmTuk

k~gsnancitExr . esckIsgwmnigCenOenH sitk~gJkesak JkTMnay

mYyXa EdldUntaeyIgFab'VneJlt@K~amkfa \ sukExrminEdlsUn! |

( Le Pays Khmr ne prira jamais ! )

P~MeBj Ex F~ 1970

nX

"Qu'il soit du Nord ou du Sud, il n'est pas un

Vietnamien qui ne se sente solidaire du frre dont on l'a
arbitrairement
spar,
singulier
couronnement
de
l'indpendence recouvre alors que le colonialisme
franais avait poursuivi le rve d'hgmonie de l'empereur
Gia-Long et que tout son effort avait tendu vers la mise en
commun
de
richesses
ingalement
rparties
mais
complmentaires les unes des autres. Comment nourrir la
population du Nord-Vietnam sans les rserves alimentaires
du Sud et comment mettre en valeur les terrains du Sud sans
l'excdent de main d'uvre du Nord? Pour comprendre le
problme, imaginons, une ligne de dmarcation qui couperait
en France le grenier bl de la Beauce et les paturages
normands, des houillres du Nord et de la mtallurgie de
l'Est. Pour une superficie de rizires trois fois moindre,
le Tonkin a deux fois plus de bouches nourrir, mais il
dtient le charbon, le fer, les matires et les sources
d'nergie ncessaires la grande industrie.
Que l'on n'objecte pas les tendances particularistes
du Nord et du Sud, maintes fois releves au cours de
l'histoire. Ce serait oublier que l'Allemagne et l'Italie
ont connu les mmes dissensions intrieures et que leur
unification aux XIXe sicle a conditionn leur accession au
rang de grande puissance.
Le problme se
lavenir du Vietnam".

pose

dans

les

mmes

termes

pour

Andr MASSON
in Histoire du Vietnam
P.U.F, Paris, 1960

nYn-eXOn

dMeNIreqaHeTATisxaglic
nig
Ncink~gq~S 2000
ekItenAfTI 29 Exmkra q~S 1944 enAesomrab-Ggrvt, elak nYn eXOn Vn

bMeBjv^CamFmPUmienAv^Tal&ynTIrYmext

rYceTAbnkarsikaenAmhav^Tal&yKruekasl

nig enAmhav^Tal&yGkrsas nig mnussasnsaklv^Tal&ykugP~MeBjeTot .

VnbLgCab'CasissalaKruekaslCan'xs' ( Ecole Normale Suprieure ) CMnan'TI1
k~gq~S

1965

rYcCab'briJab&txagbvtisasenAq~S

1968

sBfCasasacar

bvtisas .
k~gBiPBelakmYyEdlxHesckIBit nigxHesrPaBCaGciny_pgenaH sanPaBPUmisasnbeTskmCa CabeTsmYytUcruMB&TCMuv^jedaybeTsC^txagFM @ manbNaCnecIn
elIslb'EbbenH KWBitCasanPaBmYybkbedayeKaHf~ak'Cak'Esg ehIyCakarKMramkMEhg
mYyd*sahaveTAelICv^tnbeTseyIgeTotpg . Gas&yehtuenH bJakarKg'vgCv^tnrd
Exrk~gPUmiPaKtemtaenH
rbs'xn .

tvEtCnCatiExrm~ak'@cab'GarmN_elIsGI@TSgGs'k~gqakCv^t

edayVneXIjcas'nUvmhnrayEdlXScSbl&yCv^tbCaCatiExr

elak

nYn

eXOn VnsresrGtbTenHk~gbMNgEtmYy KWpl'karriHrkeXIjCaKMnitpal'rbs'elakCUn

dl'smCJ:CatiExr edImIkarBicarNaelIvasnamatubeTsExrterogeTA .

- esckIepm etIbeTseyokNam nwgkayeTACabeTsGalWm"ajCb"unTI 2 k~gPUmi

PaKGasIuEb"kGeK~y_ k~gGnaKtenH?
k~gzan:xMCaCnCatiExrmYyrUb

ekItrs'sab'enAelImatuPUmiExr

nigk~g

zan:CaG~ksikabvtiv^Ta xMsUmTisGtbTenH dl'karPak'rknsmCJ:

nCnCatiExr nigdl'esckIcMerInlUtlas' nkareyaKyl'rvagCatinigCati
EdlCaktaEtmYyKt'
elak .

etICneyokNam

nkarrYmrs'edaysniPaBk~gPUmiPaKeyIgenHnBiPB

nwgkayeTACaCnCatiGalWm"gd_k~gPUmiPaKGasIuEb"k

GeK~y_ ehIyCaBiess cMeJHkmCaeyIg?

xMBuMGacnwgecaTnUvbJaenHeLIg

CJ:rbs'xMVneLIy .

edayxHkarQWcab'exacpak~gsm

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k~gzan:CabCaCatimYy

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kal

EdlBiVknwgbemIlemIledayBitVkdTukCamun

eTot bvtisasGacmankrNIelIkElgEdr .

ehIymYycMENk

EtebITukCay"agdUcemcmakI eyIgGactiHriHVncMeJHbJaenH edayGag

eTAelIFmPaBnbvtisasmnusCati P&stagbvtisas EdlkngrYcmk

ehIy

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bcbn~kalenH .l.

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karyl'rbs'eyIg eyIgtvecosvagnUv kareJledaymWugm"at' (le dogmatisme)

EteyIgtvEtCa G~kVkdniym . Tsnv^TUCaecInVnecaTsYrcMeJHemeronn

bvtisasenHfa

etIbvtisasmanemeronpl'mk[eyIgeT? k*bvtisasmanbeyaCn_eT? . ebI

esceTAtamelak EhEhl (Hegel) b"Ul vaeLrI (Paul Valry) bvtisasGac

manKanbeyaCn_GITal'EtesaH. cMeJHeyIg eyIgyl'fabvtisasman

beyaCn_pg ehIyKanbeyaCn_pg bvtisasEdlKanbeyaCn_ Edl

hanGHGagy"agenH KWedayehtufa KanVtuPUtBwtikarN_bvtisasNa
(Phnomnes

ou

vnements

historiques)

GacekIteLIgv^jBIrdg

ehIyman

lkN_dUcK~aeLIy (Les vnements historiques ne se rptent pas, ou tout du moins

de la mme faon) .

karBnl'enH Gas&yedayehtufa k~gsm&ymYy mansanPaB

lknik: (Conditions) sgmkicneyaVy vbFmesdkic EbkBIsm&y

mYyeTot . dUec~HehIy eyIgBuMGacrkBIsanPaBBIr [manlkN:dUcK~aVneT

ya"gNamij

eyIgk*BuMGacTajnUvemeronGImYy[VkdbCaGacykGICaKMrU

VneLIy .

KYreyIgykTahrN_mkBnl' :

sgamelakelIkTI1 TukNaCaTmak'karxustvd*Fn'eTAbeTsGalW-

m"ajkI k*mUlehtuEdlbNalenHsKsajNas' minEmnEtbeTsGalW-

m"ajm~ak'geT KWTIbGWrubenHgCaG~kTTYlxustv, edaybegIt[mannUvkar

bNSgbECg (Rivalits) xagpvesdkic sahkm JNiCkm, ehIycug

ekaybgs' karbNSgbECgpvneyaVyTUtnigeyaFa ehIyTSgGs'k*Ca

plv^VknkarlUtlas'v^vDn_ nrbbmUlFnGnrCatiEdr (dveloppement du
capitalisme

International)

dl'sgamelakelIkTIBIrpHeLIg

hak'dUcCayl'fa bvtisasfyekayv^jcMEdl (se rpter) .

beTsGalWma"jbgsgamelakeTotehIy

BiPBelak

EtebItamkarBiteTA,

sgamelakelIkTIBIrenH KWbNalmYyPaKd*FMGMBIkarqtlIla (la folie)

mnusm~ak' KW hIuEt (Hitler) enHg . rIsgmGalWm"gd_v^j BIsm&y hIeyam

TI2 (Guillaume II) mksm&y hIuEtr KWmankarEbbYlecInNas'eTAehIy.

cMENksankarN_GnrCatiEp~kesdkicneyaVy v^Tasask*dUec~aHEdr .

etITSgenH EdleKsn~idanfabvtisasKanbeyaCn_? enHKWCamti

CaniekbbT(Thse) mYyEdr. EtebIeyIgBicarNa[eCACHedayykFmPaKn

karv^vDn_enHCaTIGag, eyIgBuMGackat'pac'bvtisasCakg'duM@(Morceaux)ecj
BIK~aeLIy . bcbn~kaleyIgenHCalTplnGtItkalsm&yburaN.l.

ehIyeKfyeTAekayrhUteTAdl'kMeNItnBiPBelak . CakarBitNas'
vtk~gelakenH GI@k*edaymankarTak'TgK~ay"agC^ts~iT (Tout est li tout) .
y"agNamij

eyIgBuMGacpac'GtItkalf@

buraNnigbcbn~kal

nig

GnaKtkalVneLIy . dUec~H bvtisasVkdCaBnWbJSgmkelIbcbn~

kalnigGnaKtkal .

KWk~gn&yenHehIy

EdleyIgKYrelIkykbJaedImrbs'eyIgmkedaHsay

KWbJankarKg'vg

Cv^tbCaCatieyIgk~gPUmiPaKenHnBiPBelak, bMPWdl'smCJ:eyIgral'K~a.
X
X

beTseyokNamnigeyIgk~gGtItkal
k~gbvtisasnmnusCati manclna eTsnrbevsn_ (Migration)
mYyEdlmanlkN:CaTUeTA

ehIyeKsegtmanmkehIy

k~gsm&yGtIt

kalbUraN nigf@enH KW \dMeNIreTATisxagtg| (La marche vers le sud) nCn

CatiTSgLay Edlrs'enAEp~kxageCIgnEpndI (Hmisphre Nord) .
dUcenH

enATIbGWrub

CnxageCIgdUc

n&rm"g'

(Normands)

Ehrma"nIk

(Germaniques) VnrujcancuHmkxagekam cab'tSgBIstvtTI5-6 rhUtmk

dl'stvtTI11-12 . enATIbNa CnCati Gayin (Aryens) smrs VncuH

mkBIEb"kxagtgnbeTsrusI mktSgenAxagtgnCYr P~MhimJn k~gTIval

n Tensin nig TenKga (Plaine indo gangetique)

ehIyrujcanCati Na edIm

smrexA (Les dravidiens) [cuHmkenAEp~kxagtg (Le Dekkan) .

enAxageCIg nigxaglicnbeTs kmCa CnCatiesom EdlmankMeNIt

enAk~gGaNaExt yUNan (Yunnan) nbeTscin, Vncab'epImsmukcuHmk
xagtg tSgBIstvtTI12 mkem"H edayVnmktSgenAk~gGaNaExtExrTSg
Lay

xaglicbeTs

kmCa sm&ybcbn~ ehIyrujcanrhUtdl'eTA

m"aLayU rYctSgTIenAelIext ma"LayU enHpg. k~gbTIb Ncin dEdlenH Cn

Cati eyokNam EdlmanedImkMeNIt enAPUmiPaK tugkwg (Tonkin) k*VneFIkar
smukcuHmkekamEdr mkdl'cugstvtTI14 CnCatieyokNam Vnvay
deNImehIytSgTIrbs'xnk~gGaNaextxageCIgTSgLay

nnKr

cam

(Champa) manext kagbj (Quang Binh) kagTI (Quang Try) ev" (Hu) ehIyrhUt
mkdl' TUr"an (Tourane) sBf . BIstvtTI15 mkdl'stvtTI17 nKr cam
TSgmUl

rhUtmkdl'

bIjfaj' (Binh Thuan) Eb"kxagtgbMput tvrlay

Vt'eQaHBIEpnTInBiPBelak (1696) .

5
karvatTItSgenAk~gnKr cm"a minTan'TSgcb'escVc'ehIypg, niKm
Cn \ yYn | k*cab'epImrulsMrukcuHmkekameTot edImImkdl'Tl'Edn kmCa

ekam Etmg . EdndId*manCCati smNeTAedayFnFanxagksikm man

sUv tI nigdMNSKb'Ebby"agenAEdndIsN (Delta)
CnCatiExrEdlmancMnYnticenAeLIy

nTenemKg nigbNa

(tamsitiEdlmannacugstvtTI

17

manCnCatiExrbEhl 40, 000 KYsar KWbEhl 200 000 nak' Et

bu"eNaH elIpdICag 60, 000 Km2)(1) ehtuTSgenHg VnTak'TajGarmN_

dl'GaNaniKmyYnCaxSg EdlCaecInstvtmkehIy VnXatkan'Etqay
eTAGMBIEdndIsNnTenkhm (Delta du Fleuve Rouge)

CaPUmiPaKkMeNItrbs'

xn bkbedayFnFanksikm dUcCaEdndIsNTenemKgEdr .
Gas&yehtuenHehIy

eKalbMNgykPUmiPaKxagtgnkmCa

tv

cat'CaKMeragkarEdltvGnuvtPam@ nCnCatievotNam cab'tSgBIstvtTI

17 mkem"H. enAedImstvtTI17 eKk*cab'epImcUlmktSgenAedayesmsat'

CaFmta k~gcMeNamGaNaextExr Eb"kxagekItnEdndI kmCaekam KWPUmiPaK

Vero (Baria) ebonha (Bien Hoa) , BnKr sBfenH. kartSgTIenH eFIeTAVnk*

edaysarEtkareFsbEhs nraCkarExreyIgk~gextTSgLayenaH, ehIy

Gas&ym"ageTot mkGMBIsgamk~gsukrvagK~ag k~gkarv^vaTdeNImbl&g
raCnktExr. k~gq~S 1651 CnCatiExrVneTAsUmCnYyGMBIesc egg evg

(Hien Vuong) edImITb'Tl'nwgktdeNImraCmYyGg . egg evg k*bjab'

bjal'bJnkgT&BmYyBlFMeTACYy ehIyeqt{kasenaH eFIkarbgMdeNIm

ykGaNaextVero nigebonhaEtmgeTA TukCasKuNnCnYyenaH. neya-

VyGnraKmn_pk~gnCnCatiyYn

ecHEtmanbneTAeTotsbtamclacl

Edlmanjy@ k~gbeTs kmCa . ehtuenHehIy k~gq~S 1696 GaNaextB

(1) eyageTAtamesovePArbs' (L Thnh Khi, Le Viet-Nam, Editions de Minuit, Paris, 1955.)

6
nKr k*tvFak'eTAk~gkNab'dCnCatiyYn ehIymkdl'edImstvtTI18 kar
vatTItSgenH Vnmkdl'TenemKgCaesc. naedImstvtTI18 edaysMGag
eTAelIkickarJrrbs'xnbqSgnwgesom eTAelIGaNaextExrEb"kxaglic n

kmCaekam ext Jm (Ha Tien) raCa (Rach Gia) sBfenH CnCatiyYnk*mkeFI

GnraKmn_feTot eTAelIextTSgenaH . q~S 1739 BHmhaktExrTg'VneFI
sgamykextJmmkv^j EtBuMVnsemcdUcbMNg . tBIenHeTA GaNaext
Eb"kkNalnkmCaekam manext ems (My Tho) v^jLg (Vinh Long) (1731)

parEdk (Sa Dec) nig mat'Ck (Chau Doc) (1757) k*rebHBImatuPUmiExrmgmYy@

Fak'eTAk~gkNab'dnCnCatiyYn, GaNaniKmBgIkTwkdI fIebImankartva" nig
tsUGMBIraCbl&gkugtgk*eday . naq~S 1765 EdndIkmCaekamTSgmUl
Fak'eTACaEdndIGaNaniKmyYn elIkElgEtextTSg (Soc Trang) nig eCay
TwkexA (Camau) EdlTal'EtC^tmYystvteTot KWq~S 1840 eTIbFak'eTAk~g
GMNacyYnCadac'esc .

BIeBlenaHmk bvtisasn kmCaekam dUcCabvtisasn nKrcma" Edr

k*rlaycUlCamYynwgbvtisasnbCaCatievotNamrhUtmkTl'fenH .
X
X

GaNaniKmniymTSg3 b"HTgicK~aenANcin
karEdleyIgykGtItkald*CUrct'enH

bMNgmYycas'las'Nas'

mkrMkk~gTIenHeqIynwgeKal

KWedImIbMPWdl'karv^vDn_nbvtisask~gPUmi

PaKnBiPBenHEtbu"eNaH Kan'CaBnWdl'smCJ: neyIgral'K~a. karv^nic&y

[tmdak'eTas

eTAelICnNam~ak'

bCaCatiNamYy

pyeTAv^j

kar

sresrkI karjSug[mankarsb'exIm rvagCatimYynigCatimYyeTot TSg

Gs'enHminEmnCaeKaledAnbvtiv^TUeT.

dUcenH

karrMkCakarcSVc'xagpv

bJa (Besoins de l'intelligence) edImIBnl'Etb"ueNaH .

tSgBIedImerogmk

GaNaniKmniymnigkarBgIkTwkdIniym

esom

ehIynig yYn CakarKMramkMEhgd*eKaHf~ak'bMput dl'GayuCv^tnbeTs kmCa

nig lav . munkarmkdl'nCnCatiEsksk~gPUmiPaKenH enAedImstvtTI 19

kmCa nig lav swgEtsal'nUvvasnaGP&Bn cm"a nigbeTsd*ecIneTotn

BiPBelakeTAehIy. EteBlenaH bvtisashak'dUcCaedIrelOn, sbeTA

tamelnnbvtisas nigbeckeTsnbcwmbeTs.

k~graCBHVT mij m"ag (Minh Mang) (1820-1841) beTskmCa

TSgmUltvEbgEckCaBIrPaK EdlmanTl'EdnenAtg'Exbnat'x&NExteJFi

sat'nigVt'dMbg ehIyExenHqgbwgTensabeLIgeTAdl'mB munnwgtmg'

eqaHeTAswgEtg eTAdl'BMbeTsExr-evotNamsBfenH. dUcenH dI1PaK3
nkmCaPaKxageCIgTensabkayeTACaGaNaExtesom. 2PaK3 nEpndI
Exr ekamExbnat'dEdlenaHkayeTACaGaNaExtyYn eQaH tan tay faj'
(Tran Tay Thanh) EdlmanemT&B eTOg mij y"ag (Truong Minh Giang) Caesc
taj'manFanIenA NSy"ag (P~MeBj) .

enHVkdCa dMeNIreqaHmkTisxaglic v^j edayehtu dMeNIrsMrukcuHmkekam

Vnsemcdl'eKaledA eJHeday TwkexA (Camau) CaEdndIxagtgbMputn

8
Ncin VntvFak'eTAk~gkNab'dyYnrYceTAehIy. EtGaNaExtf tan

tay faj' enHBuMmanGayuyWnyUreT eJHkarGnuvtn_neyaVytwgruwg bJl

Exr[eTACayYn (politique d'assimilation force) bNal[manbtikmy"agxSg
BIsMNak'mhaCnExr. karbHeVrbqSgbMVt'yYnC^HCan'dwknSeday BHGgdYg

edaymanCMnYyesompg VneFI[GMNacyYnmankarxUcxaty"agecIn ehIy

eTOg mij y"ag k*dkxnfyeTAenA Gan y"ag k~gq~S 1841 . neyaVyeFI Exr

[eTACa yYn k*tvTTYlbraC&yy"agCak'Esg . CamYyK~aenH karmkdl'n

BYkVrSgcab'BIq~S 1858 eTA, enAEdndIkUsSgsIunVnebIkyuKfmYyeTot k~g

bvtisasnNcin. GaNaniKmniymyYn k*tvQb'esHmYyGenIsin,
eJHbeTsyYnxng tvkayeTACaEdndIGaNaniKmVrSgmgv^j .

cMENkPUmiPaKesomn kmCa manVt'dMbg esomrab mB TenreBA

nigswgEtg esomtttarhUtdl'q~S 1907 eTIbbKl'mk[Exrv^j eday

sarkarsgt'sg^nxagpvTUtnigpveyaFanbeTsVrSgGaNaniKm Edlbr
EdndITSgenaHCamYynwgExttatnigcntabun CaGaNaExtesom Tl'muxnwg
ExtekaHkugbcbn~enH .

cMeJHlavv^j k*sankarN_minxusBIkmCaEdr . BITl'Edncinmkdl'

Exr beTslavtvEbgEckenAedImstvtTI19 eTACaGaNaextesom nig

yYn ehIyenAsl'EtraCaNacktUc n hgBHVg nig cMV"sak' EdlenArg'cS
karEbgEckbneTAeTotbu"eNaH . k*bu"EndUc kmCa Edr karmkdl'nGaNaniKm

niymVrSgVnesacsg' lav [putBImhnray .

enHCakarBit, GaNaniKmniymVrSg KWCahSgd*skisiTi Tb'GaNa

niKm BgIkTwkdIesomnigyYnenAstvtTI19 min[elbEdndIExrniglavteTA

eTotVn .

X
X

NaeKaHf~ak' ?
etIeKaHf~ak'eyIgenANa ? yYnesom ? etIbeTsesomCamhaeKaH

f~ak'dl'GnaKtn kmCa Emn ? beTsesomsm&ybcbn~enH CabCaCati

mYyFM ( Cag 30 lannak' ) EdlmanTItSgenAkNalnbTIbGasuIGeK~y_dI
eKak elIEdndImYyEdlmanTenemNam (= emTwk) hUrkat'CakNal ehIy

EdlbkbeTAedayCICati

ehIynigFnFanksikmy"agFMeFg

kNaly"agenH nbeTsesomelIvalTMnabsksm

TItSgenA

(au milieu d'une plaine

riche) Gacpl'[beTsesomnUvnaTImYyy"agFM k~gPUmiPaKenHnBiPBelak .

EtkarBit hak'dUcmindUec~HesaH . beTsesommanlkN:CaEdndI mYy

EdlmankarlatsnwgCaGtibrmaeTAehIy BIxageCg KWTl'Ednesom lavPUma

mkdl'xagtgTl'Ednesom-ma"LayU

KILE m"t

mancmaybEhl

ehIybeTsenHxHkPaBxagPUmisas

(absence

de

2000
l'unit

gographique) neyaVynigesdkicpg . PUmiPaKbkbedayFnFanKWdIsN

nTenemNam EdlmanbeNaybEhl 460 Km nigTTwg 200 Km .
dIenH KWCaCguksUvnbeTsesom, CaebHdUgesdkicCati .
PUmiPaKepgBIenH

CaPUmiPaKbnab'bnM

cMeJHCnCatiesomehIyG~k

Edlrs'enAenaH minEmnCaCnCatiesomsuTsaFpg- tMbn'xageCIg KWBBYkCn

CatiPaKtic kaern, cam, lav xageCIgeqogxagekIt KW lav nig Exr xagtgeqog

xagekIt KW Exr yYn nig cin xagtgmanCnCati ma"LayU kan'sasnasam .

CnCatibreTsTSgenHEdlrs'enACuMv^jTenemNam

mankarGak'Gn'citCaxSg

edayCnCatiesomTukBYkTSgenH Ca \Blrdbnab'bnM

(Citoyens de second

zone) | ehIykarlUtlas'xagesdkiceTotesat k*yWtyUrfyefakCaecIn

ebIebobeFobnwgPUmiPaKkugVgkk nigtamdTenemNam EdlCnCatiesom
nigcinrs'enAedaykkkuj . ehtukarN_TSgenaHbNal[manclnaG~kCati
niym (Mouvements Sparatistes)

enAtamEdndITSgenaH CaeKaHf~ak'mYyy"agFM

cMeJHkPaBxagneyaVynbeTs .

10
bJaFM

EdlecaTsBf

KWkarekInd*qab'rh&s

(une

dmographie

galopante) nCnCatiesom . EdndIsNnTenemNamnwgBuMGacTb'Tl'dl'

Tmn'd*kan'EtFn'eLIg@enHeT . dUec~H edImIedaHsaybJaenH eKtvBgIknUv
FnFanksikm dIEdlenACuMv^jEdndIsN CadIkTSgGs' . enHehIyEdl
eFI[CnCatiesomnwkKiteTAdl'TIvalTMnabnTenemKg nigTensabmanExt
Vt'dMbgExrCaedIm EdlsmreTAedayFnFanksikm GacciJwmmnusecIn

lannak' . fIebIsm&ybcbn~enH KemagEpnkarenHhak'dUcGnuvtminsemc

edayehtufa esommanbJapk~g k*bu"EneTAGnaKteT ebIesdkicesom
minVnlUtlas'[sbeTAtamkarekIny"agqab'rh&snbNaCneT karvay
deNImykEb"kxaglicnbeTskmCa GaceTACakarBitVn .

enHesceTAelIkarv^vDn_nbvtisas . k~gbcbn~enH esomenATn'

exayxagpk~g

BuMGaclatsnwgVneToteT

ebImindUec~aHeT

kPaBesom

cas'CatvTTYlkarKMramkMEhg BICnCatiPaKticy"agFn'FrminElgeLIy .
karlatsnwghYsmaD nwgnSmk[esomnUvPaBTn'exayv^jeT . Gas&y
ehtuenHehIy

ebItameyabl'rbs'eyIg

xaglic KWxagekItCaVkd .

eKaHf~ak'rbs'eyIgminEmnenATis

beTseyokNamrYbrYmK~a eKaHf~ak'dl'kmCa !
ebIbeTseyokNamxageCg nigxagtgrYbrYmK~av^j beTsenHnwgeTA

CabeTsCatiy"agFMnGasuIPaKGeK~y_ (40 lannak') .

ebIbsinNaCacMnYnbNaCnCaktamYybnab'bnM cMeJHmhiTiriTneya

Vy (la puissance politique) nrdnImYy@ KuNsmtinbCaras (les qualits

d'un peuple) nigkarv^vDn_nbNaCn (L'volution de la population) VkdCakta

EdlsMxan'CageKbMput

cMENkktaTSg3enH

CnCatievotNammanTSg

Gs' edaytbEkkVn -TI1 bNaCnecInGacelbNcineTAGnaKtVn,

TI2 karekInd*elOnrh&snbNaCnenH, nigTI3 sMxan'bMputKWKuNsmtiCa

BiessnbCarasevotNamenHg . cMeJHkrNIxagekayenH ebImanCn

CatiNa EdleKGacbdUcVnCamYynwgCnCatiyYn KWCnCatiCb"unnigGalW-

m"g'enHg . CnCatieyokNam CabCarasmYybkbedayVCafamBl

11
esckIkahannigBiessbMputcittsU .l. bvtisasnCnCatieyokNamenH Ca
bvtisasnsgamEdlbCaraseyokNamVneFIedaytsaksanCamYynwgbreTs

enACitxag man cin cm"a lav esom ExrnigrvagK~anigK~axageCIgTl'nwgxag

tg . karenHekItmaneLIgCaecInstvtmkehIy ehIyhak'dUcCaKansJa
NabJak'fa sgamenHnwgQb'esHehIy eTaHCaekaykarbJb'sgam
enAeyokNamsBfenHkI . vasnanbeTseyokNamCavasnanbCaCatimYyEdl

BgIkTwkdIedaysgam ehIyEdltveKeFIsgameTAGnaKteTot . sgamjwkjy

y"agenH VnsemceFI[CnCatieyokNammancritrwgbwug ecHGt'Ft'esckI

lMVk mankartsUedaysitsaj KWlkN:TSgenHg EdlCaPaBGnueKaH
dl'karbyuTe dayv^FIhiga . enHCaktaxagpvcitsas Edlsar:sMxan'

cMeJHkaryl'rbs'eyIg .

cUreyIgnwkKiteTAdl'bvtisas etICnbePTNaEdlmkvatTItSgenA

cm"a nigenA kmCaekam? KWCnGanafaklMVketaky"ak G~keTasEdleKedj

BIEb"kxagelI

[cuHmkrkTItSgdIfenAPUmiPaKxagekam

Tahanpg CaniKmCn (Colons) pg .

mundMbUgmktSgenAedayesmsat'

mas'dIdkxnecjBITIenaHeTA.

G~kTSgenHmkCa

rYcehIyk*tSgbgerOgehtuTal'Et

LvenHBwtikarN_enHcab'manCafeLIgv^j

ehIy sBfenHenAkmCaeyIg, y"agenHKYrEteyIgmanbuBehtunesckIBy

Vrmrbs'eyIg(1) .

(1)-GtbTenHsresrk~gq~S1969

fTI18mIna1970

KWmunGnraKmn_nkgT&BeyokNamxagtgk~gbeTskmCaekay

12

GaNaniKmniymBgIkTwkdI GaNaniKmniymesdkic
( Colonialisme territorial ou Colonialisme conomique ? )
karQanJnvaydeNImykTwkdI

edaykmSgT&Bk~gsm&ystvtTI

20 enH hak'dUcCahYssm&yniymeTAehIy . nabcbn~kalenH sab&nCa

ecInnmnusCati manGgkarshbCaCati, mtisaFarNCnGnrCati Ggkar

karJrsniPaB neyaVysmnmit .l. suTswgEtCakmSgxagpvcit Ca

bsKdl'karrMelaPdeNImykTwkdIedaysYl GMBIsMNak'CatimYy eTAelI
CatimYyeTot .

k*bu"EnGaNaniKmniymsm&yf

EdleyIgKYrVrm

KWGaNaniKmtam

ry:esdkic . eyokNamxageCg bkbedaysahkmd*xSgka nig eyok

NamxagtgsmrN_FnFanksikm GacbMeBjK~aeTAv^jeTAmk ehIykay

eTACaesdkicmYylUtlas'elOnnGasIuPaKGeK~y_ . PaBsmNeTAeday
vtFatuedImCatiEr" nigfamBl PaBcMerInlUtlas'nv^Tasas pard*FMeFg
KuNsmtirbs'ksikm .l. EdleKsegteXIjmanenAbeTseyokNam

sBfenH suTswgCaktankarrIkcMerInlUtlas'nsahkmCati nbeTs

enH . fIebIb"unanq~SenH beTseyokNamtvxUcxatexcxIswgEtTSgGs' nUv
sgarN:Kb'Ebby"agkI shrdGaemrikminGaccakecjBIeyokNamekay
Edlsgamcb'
eLIy

srGa

ehIyedayTuk[beTsenHsitk~gsanPaBdundabdUec~H
VkdCasabnaeyokNameLIgv^j

cMeJHbvtisasmnusCati

dUec~HehIy

edImIlublagxn

esdkice yokNammuxCaelb

esdkicnbeTsdT@ CitxagminElgeLIy . enHCaCMhaneTAkan'karVt'

bg'nUvkraCPaBneyIg .
KWeBlenHehIy

EdlbvtisasnwgEcgnUv

lic| nbCaraseyokNamCaBitVkd .
X
X

\dMeNIreqaHmkkan'Tisxag

13

neyaVy mhabeTseyokNam ?
La politique du Grand Vietnam?
eyIgBuMhansn~idanGITukCamun

[VkdbCa

nwgGacykCakntma

twmtv cMeJHGnaKtnvasnaCatieyIg enaHvaBitEmnehIy EteyIgtvEt

mankatBkiceBjeljk~gbJaenH edImITajnUvemeronxH@ Edlbvtisas

VnFab'sal' mankarBiesaFn_rYcmkehIy . TahrN_ EdlmanlkN:

CasarvnenaH minxHeTk~gbvtisas nBiPBelakeyIgnasm&yGtItkal

f@enH

eyIgenAcSy"agCak'Esg

k~gsartIeyIgm~ak'@

enAeLIyfa

k~g

sm&ymunsgamelakelIkTI2 beTsGalWma"j (Allemagne) Vnpl'cMeJH

mnusCatinUvemeronmYyCadMNM.

karGIEdleKsanfaBuMGacekItmaneLIgesaH

eLIgVnEdr

CYnkalk*GacekItman

ehIykarenHvaesceTAelIeTs:kal:nakalsm&ypg

esc

eTAelIqn:nG~kneyaVyCatienaHpg . beTsGalWm"aj VnGnuvtnUvTwsI

neyaVyrbs'G~kdwknSeQaHhIuEtr (Hitler) TamTar[bCaCatiGalWm"g man

siTirs'enAelIEdndImYyFM

(Thorie de l'Espace Vital) .

ehIyEdleKcat'EdndIenH

CaGayuCv^trbs'eK

clnankarTamTarBgkTwkdenH CnCatiGalWm"geKVneFIeLIg eday

GageTAelIKMnitxusmYyEdlEcgfa bCaCatiGalWm"g CabCaCatixSgBUEkxg'

xs'dac'eKg

eTAelICnCatidTeTot

manCnCatisav

(Latins) TSgLayEdlrs'enAk~gTIbGWr"ubEb"kxagekIt

(Slaves)

nigLatSg

nigGWr"ubEb"kxaglicCa

edmenH . ebIbsinCaCnCatiGalWm"g CaCatixSgBUEky"agenHehIy FmCati

tvEtbKl'eTA[bCaCatiGalWm"gnUvEdndmYyFMlm
edaysl

(Lebensraum)! .

Gac[bCaCatirs'

ktaCasarvnmYyeTot KWkarcMerInlUtlas'd*

Gsar nigmhiTiT nshkmnigesdkicTUeTA nbeTsGalWm"genHg

ehIyCamYynwgkmSgesdkicenH

kmSgeyaFaKYr[BWxacnbeTsenHeTot

pg EdlCruj[G~kdwknSneyaVyGalWm"gsm&yNasuIs GnuvtedayKan

14
xacrEGg nUvTwsI BgkTwkdniym d*cgGBmglenH . edmIsemcnUveKal
bMNgGP&BenH

G~kneyaVyGalWm"g

cUlmkk~gmhaKsarGalWm"g

cab'epmbkasTamTartmv[v^l

nUvEdndIbreTs

naGWr"ubEb"kkNalnigxag

ekItTSgLayNa EdlmanCnCatiPaKticGalWm"grs'enA ehIyEdlniyay

PasaGalWm"gpg . KWk~gKMnitd*exAggwtenHg EdlG~kneyaVyGalWm"g
bMbHbMeVrbgbegtCaclacl

KNbkGalWm"gNasIu

k~gcMeNamBBYk

GalWm"gTSgLay EdlenAbreTs KWk~gbeTsC^txagenHEtmg . kalebI

manCaGgkarTamTars&yt (Mouvements autonomistes) clnaTamTarkarpac'
ecj (Mouvements sparatistes) EdlmansJatiGalWm"g ehIyclnaTSgenH

EtgVnGMJvnav[matubeTsGalWm"aj

GnraKmn_pvswk neyaVyTUtCaedm .
KWeTs:kal:enHgehIy

nUvbMNgd*Gakk'nTwsIrbs'xn

CYyeCamECgGgkarxnedayeFI

Edlhuc{kasl[G~kdwknSGalWm"gsMerc
.

k~gn&yenH

beTsGUTIsTSgmUl

(l'Autriche) tvFak'eTAk~gkNab'dnBYkNasuIsniymk~gq~S 1936 . Ednd

Eb"kxaglicnbeTseqkUsva"KI KWtMbn'suyEdt (La rgion des Sudtes) Edl

manCnCatiGalWm"grs'enA BIcMnYnCag 3 lannak' tvkayeTACaGaNaExt
GalWm"g . ekaymk KWbeTseqkUsva"KITSgmUleTot k*tvkayeTACaEdnd
GaNaBaVlGalWm"geTot .l.
TahrN_enH

manlkN:Cak'EsgNas'ehIy.

etIeyIgGacsYrfa

etIBwtikarN_d*exAggwtenH EbbGacekIteLIgsafeTot k~gbvtisasn

mnusCati . CakarBitNas' CYnkalbvtisasv^lcuHv^leLIg tLb'mk

ekayv^jk*man . karEdleyIgKan'EtkeLkemIleTACnCatiGasIu Eb"k

kNal (Les Peuples de l'Asie Centrale)

EdlsBfenH sitenAekamkarKb'

KgTSgsugnkugmU"s (Moscou) b"ueNaHeyIgk*GacmanKMnitxHEdrehIy GMBI

ehtunkmSgesdkicneyaVynigeyaFa nmhabeTsmYyeTAelIbCaCati
tUctac .

cuHenAbTIbNcinv^j etITahrN_ \GalWm"g|GacmaneLIgsaCafeT enAk~g

tMbn'eyIgenH ? karenHesceTAelIbvtisasVb'eyIgk~gGnaKtcuH eyIg

15
Kan'EtsUmpl'nUv v^PaK nsankarN_neyaVynigesdkick~geCayNcin
Etb"ueNaH edImICakarBicarNateTA

bCaCati bCaraseyokNam CabCaCatimYyEdleKGaccat'Tuk

edayKanlak'elomfa man famBl

(dynamisme) manKuNsmtixagpvbJa

(les qualits Intellectuelles) Kb'Kan' .l. esdkicbeTsevotNamekaysgam Ca

esdkicEdlnwgmankmSgekvka

sbCamYynwgkMritxg'xs'xagkarGb'rMv^Ta

sas nigbeckeTsnCnCatienH . m"ageTot xagpveyaFa, beTseyokNamnwgmankgT&Bd*xSgBUEk k~gcMeNambCaCatiTSgLay enAeCayN

cinnigk~gGasuIPaKGeK~y_enH . k*bu"EnehtukarN_mYyeTot EdleyIgmankar

VrmBn'eBkenaH

KWCakarEdlmanGaNaniKmCnCatiyYn

(les

colonies

vietnamiennes) y"agsMxan' k~gbeTsC^txagTSgLay :

enAbeTskmCa - Cag 500 000 nak'

(1)

beTslav-Cag50 000nak' (ebIbUkrYmnwgTahaneyokNamxageCg)

beTsesom - Cag 50 000 nak' .

enAbeTskmCaeyIg Kan'EtcMnYnnCnbreTsyYnenH

karVrmenaHBn'eBkNas'eTAehIy
ecInbneTAeTot

eFI[eyIgman

ehIybsinebIkarlYccUlmkkan'Et

eKBiVknwgsn~idanNas'cMeJHplv^Vk

xagpvesdkick*

dUcCaxagpvneyaVyEdlbeTseyIgtvTTYlrgeKaH . CaBiessNas'
eTAeTot CnCatiyYnTSgenHBuMgaynwgrlaycUleTAk~gsgmCatinanaTSgenaH
eLIy eKenAEfrkabBNI TMenomTmab'yYn nwgbMNgxagpvcitneyaVy
CamYynwgmatubeTsedmkMeNIt . KWk~gKMnitenHehIy EdleKtvcat'TukCn
CatiyYnfaCa eKaHf~ak'y"agFM mYyxagEp~kneyaVy .
karEdlbeTsevtNam

nwgtvlUtlas'duHdalekaysm&y

sgamenHeTA nwgGaceFI[bMNgpvcitnigpvneyaVynCnCatiyYnTSgenH
rwtEtmanlkN:mSTSxSgeLIgCaBuMxan . cMeJHbJaCnCaticink~gbeTs
(1) ekayf18 mIna1970, CnCatiyYnCag 100 000 nak' tLb'eTA eyokNamxagtgv^j .

16
eyIg

manlkN:epg

edaysarsanPaBPUmisasneyaVynbeTs

eyIg (La situation go-politique) nigedaysarCnCaticinTSgenaH yUrqab'Gac

CtCabrlaycUlnwgsgmCatieyIgbnicmg@

eyIgGacGHGagedayKanrEGgfa
eyIgk~gGnaKtxagmux

ehtudUec~HehIy

VnCa

mhaeKaHf~ak'dl'GayuCv^tbCaCatiExr

BIkarlUtlas'duHdalCasafeLIgv^j

nbCaCatieyok

NamenHg ( la renaissance nationale vietnamienne ) ehIyCabzm, k~gbcbn~

kal k*dUck~gGnaKtkalC^t@enH, snHnesdkic nigkareXasnapBpay

nmenaKmv^Cabd^vtenHEtmg .

X
X

17

etIeyIgtveFIdUcemc ?
karEdleyIgelIkykeKaHf~ak'd*FMeFgenH

mkBicarNaBnl'bMPWdl'sm-

CJ:neyIgral'K~ay"agdUec~H minEmnVnesckIfa eyIgcat'bCaCatieyokNam

CastvBIdUntaGs'mYyCv^tCatieyIgeLIy (Ennemi hriditaire) . eyIgv^j k*

dUec~aHEdr eyIgmin[bCarasyYndEdlenH cat'eyIgTukCastvGs'mYyCv^t

dUcK~aEdr . GtItkalKWGtItkal eyIgmintvcLMGtItkal CamYynwgbcbn~

kalGnaKtkalesaHeLIy . tmKtieyIg k*dUcCatmKtiCnCati manGar-

Fmnanak~gelakEdr eyIgedAeTArkkarksag GnaKtmYyEdlPWsag Edll

bB edayBwgEpkeTAelIkareyaKyl'K~aeTAv^jeTAmkrvagCatinigCati . kar
TSgenHnwgtvsemceLIgedayeyageTAtamemeronbvtisas EdleyIgmin
cg'[bvtisasenH vilfyekayesaHeLIy . eyIghak'dUcCaVnTTYlkar
kk'ekAecInNas'

GMBIsMNak'G~kneyaVybeTsyYnsm&yenH

edayeK

VnsnafanwgmineFI \GukLk| dl'beTseyIgeLIy(1) eKnwgeKarBTTYl

sal'GFibetyPaBnigbUrNPaBTwkdIeyIg . eyIgk*yl'EdrnUvsnancitn
G~kC^txageyIgenH

EtKYrKbIeyIgyl'faenHCa

bcbn~kal

cuHdl'

GnaKtkal yUreTA ? etIyuvCnbCarasyYnenH enAEtrkanUvesckIeKarB

nigkarTTYlsal'enHteTAeTot ? sm&ymYyxussm&ymYyeTot ehIykar

edaHsaybJak*sMerceTAelI karvivtn_ enHEdr . k*bu"EnCakarBitNas' Tuk

NaCaG~kdwknSyYnTSgLayenHmansnancitldUcemcmakI cMeJHeyIg k*G~kTSgenH

BuMGacrarSgXat'XSg min[eKaHf~ak'enHmancMeJHmatubeTseyIgVneLIy eJHenH

Cacab'FmCati CalTplnkarvivtn_GarFmBIr EdlmantmmindUcK~a

(Ce serait

l'aboutissement logique d'un long processus d'volution de deux civilisations voisines de

valeur ingale).
(1)- GtbTenHsresrmunf18mIna1970

18
ehtudUec~H bsinebIeKaHf~ak'enHmanPaBCak'Esg ehIyEdlGackay

eTAfakarKMramkMEhgd*kacsahavcMeJHvasnaCatieyIg

eyIgtvEtykbJa

enH mkcgcSp^tCab'k~gsartInigk~gsmCJ:nbCaCatieyIg . GavuFEdl

v^essv^salNa BuMGaceFI[eKalbMNgmnussemceCaKC&yVneLIy
ebImnusEdlkan'GavuFenHxH

smCJ:

Kb'Kan'

cMeJHeKaHf~ak'EdlGac

bl&yCv^txnnigcMeJH katBkic Casarvnrbs'xngy"agenH . dUec~HehIy

cMeJHbCaCatieyIg GavuFEdlskisiT bMputGacCYyeyIg[putBImhnrayVn

KW \ smCJ:Cati | enHgehIy (la conscience nationale) . mansmCJ:Cati

KW sal'tmd*v^essv^salnCatixagpvvbFmk*dUcCaxagpvsgm (la valeurs
socio-culturelles)
es~haCati

m"ageTot

(le patriotisme)

nationalisme) enHeTot .

mansmCJ:Cati

b"ueNaHeT

KWminKan'EtBgknUvkar

EfmTSgBgknUvlTi

Catiniym

(le

lTiCatiniymxagpvneyaVy nigpvesdkicCaGavuFnkarKg'vgCv^t

nbCaCatieyIg (le nationalisme politique et conomique constitue l'unique arme de

notre survie en tant que nation dans cette partie du monde)
lTi CatiniymCaTwsI neyaVy minEmnKan'EtVnesckIfa kars~haCati
EdlKan'EtCamenaseJtnamYy

k~gcMeNammenaseJtnaTSgLay

mnusm~ak'@eLIy . lTiCatiniym CalTiEdledAeTAelIkar elIktmxg'xs'n

lkNCati nmenaKmv^CaCati nigGI@TSgLayEdlTak'TgcMeJHbCaCati . TSg

Gs'enH KWeFI[semcnUv tmKtid*xg'xs'rbs'CatidUcCakar lUtlas' karrIk

duHdalnkmSgrbs'Cati xagpvneyaVydUcCaxagpvesdkiceyaFaEdr .

KWk~gtmKtienHehIy EdlkatBkicCabzmrbs'eyIg KW karBgwgn

lTiCatiniymrbs'eyIg (Renforcer notre nationalisme) eFI[lTienHmanKwHmSmYn

(Fondements solides) GackayeTACamenaKmv^CaCatibkbedaybsiTiPaBCak'
Esg . KWebIniyay[x KWeFI[Jk Catiniym man n&yeBjelj .
m"ageTot

lTienHGaclUtlas'elOneTAmuxVn

k*Gas&yeTAelIkarlUt

las' lTibCaFibety (la dmocratie) EdlGnuJat[bCarasGaccUlrYb

rYmBitVkd k~gkickarrd (la participation relle et profonde du peuple dans les

19
affaires de l'Etat ) ehIyGas&yeTAelIkarduHdalnyutiFmpvsgm ( la justice

sociale ) Cak'Esg . ebIktaCasarvnTSgBIrKaneT JkCatiniym sLaj'

CatiKan'EtCasrkMEbkEtbu"eNaH BuMGacykCaduMkMPYnGIVneLIy .
kta \mnus|

( le facteur humain ) CaktaFMbMputku~gkickarksagCatieTArk

esckIcMerIndl'kMritxg'xs'nGarFmCati .

kalebIktamnusmansPaBffaehIy karsabnaesdkicCati CakatBkic

cugekaybgs' . eFIbeTskmCa[kayeTACabeTslUtlas' mankmSg

esdkicKb'Kan'
CitxageyIg

GacQmmuxTb'Tl'nwgkmSgpBpaynesdkicbeTs

enHehIyEdlCaesckIVf~acugekaynbCaCatieyIg

eK

niyayfa esdkicdwknSneyaVy ( L'conomie dirige la politique ) . ehIyeK

niyayeTotfa ebIesdkiceyIgexay eyIgBuMGacnwgsemcVnnUv kraC
neyaVy VneLIy ( L'indpendance politique )

. VnesckIfa ebIesdkic

eyIgexay \ JkkraCneyaVy | enH KWKan'EtJkTeT Kansar:

sMxan'GIesaH . eyIgkuMniyayeLIydl'eTAcg'semc[man \ kraCesdkic
( L'indpendance conomique ) eBjelj
bu"eNaH

sm&yenHminEmnsm&y

BIeJHenHKan'EtJkesakEt

Edlrs'enABwgEpkeTAelIxngTSgsug

(L'autarcie) bMVt'karTak'TgxagpvesdkicCamYybreTs . manEtmha

GMNacmYy

BIrbu"eNaHk~gelakenHeT EdlGacsemcnUvkraCesdkic

enHVn edayGageTAelIePaKTBd*tKNna EdlFmCatielakVnbTan

mk[beTsTSgenH . cuHcMeJHbeTseyIg EdlKanFnFanBIFmCatiGIb"unan
ekAGMBI dIlb'TenemKg bkbeTAeday CICati nig Twkd*bribUN tKNna nig
kMedABHGaTit KWeyIgmanEt FnFanTSg 3 bu"eNaHesaH (dI Twk kMedA) . ehtu
y"agenHehIyVnCa mUldannesdkicCatieyIg KW ksikmenHg .

eyIgmanFnFan 3 ehIy xHEtmYyeTotbu"eNaH edImIsemcnUvkar

lUtlas'Vn

KWkarGb'rMksikreyIgeTAtambeckeTs

nigv^TasasTMenIb

(l'information technique des agriculteurs) bsinebIksikmeyIglUtlas'eBj

TMhwgehIy beTsnwgGackayeTACa kMBUl k~gPUmiPaKGasuIGeK~y_eyIg

enH ( le Cambodge serait "roi" de l' Asie du Sud-Est ) . etIVtuPUtTSgenH EdlCa

20
mUldand*v^essv^sal

TTg'nUvlTiCatiniymesdkicrbs'rdExreyIg

eyIgmanKb'Kan'ehIymUldanTSgenH eyIgenAxHEtqn: ebobVnnwgEdk

karebCacitTSgsugEtbu"eNaHeToteT

EdlesdkicksikmeyIgnwgtvcab'

epmedIreTAmux . 10 20 q~SeTot neyaVyenHVkdCa[plCak'EsgCa

BitVkd .

m"ageTot 30q~SeTot bNaCneyIgekIndl'eTA 15lannak' beTs

eyIgnwgkayeTACabeTsFMsmrsbaymYy CamhabeTsmYyk~gPUmiPaK
GasuIEb"kxagtgminElgeLIy .
eBlenaHehIy

EdlbCaCatieyIgQb'maneBob

eGanfyCageK

(Complexe d'infriorit) manmuxmat'CabeTsmYy EdlmanC&yCMnHeTAelIPaB

xt'exay VnerIbmHecjBInwmnbvitsas ekaysm&ymhanKr ( Ce

sera la libration dfinitive de notre peuple de tant de sicles de dcadence et
d'crasement physique et moral ) .
eFIy"agenH

KWVkdCaeyIgbKl'eTA[bCaCatieyIgv^jnUvesckIka

han famBl nigesckIff~rEdlVt'bg'Gs'ry:eBlCag 6 stvtrYc

mkehIy .

X
X

21

esckIbJb'
enAk~gBiPBmYyEdlkmSgesdkic

EbkayeTACakmSgelIslb'k~g

karTTg'nUvkarKg'vgCv^t ( la survie ) Cati, ehIym"ageTot enAk~gPUmiPaKenH

EdlsPaBrMeBItrMeBInxHesrPaBCaGciny_ eFI[eyIgBiVkbemIlnUvGna-

Ktkal beTskmCasitenAk~gsanPaBPUmisasnigneyaVymYy Edl

manlkN:sKsaj rkGIbdUcminVneLIy . sanPaBenH BitCaeKaHf~ak'

mYyEdlKMramkMEhgbeTseyIgral'CMhan nkarv^vtn_nbeTs . edImInwg

karJrmatubeTsbqSgnwgeKaHf~ak'enH eyIgtvEtbmUlnUvkmSgcitkmSg

kay edImIsabnabeTskmCa[kayeTACa beTsmYylUtlas' mankmSg

esdkicKb'Kan'
Citxag

GacTb'Tl'nwgkarpBpaynkmSgesdkicrbs'beTs

EdlsuTswgEtCabeTsFM@

eyIgmankarBYyVrm .

mankmSgesdkicnigneyaVyKYr[

karKg'vgCv^tnbCaCatieyIg k~gsankarN_d*lMVkenH vaescTSg

sugeTAelImUldanEdlmanlkN:Vkdniym ehIymSTSrwgbuwgeTotpg .
mUldanenaH eyIgrMkmgehIymgeTotcuH KWKanGIekABIFnFanksikm eLIy.

ksikmeyIglUtlas' VnesckIfaesdkicCatieyIglUtlas' VnesckI

eTotfa eyIgmanGavuFKb'Kan' edImIbyuTbqSg niwg karsgt'sgin xag
pvesdkicGMBIsMNak'

nckBtiniym

sMNak'nG~kC^txageyIg .

nig

GaNaniKmsm&yf

eyIgsUmdksg'JkbNitenru ( Nehru ) edImIbJb'GtbTenH

nigGMBI

22

drabNaesdkiceyIgenATn'exay drabenaH eyIgrs'enA hak'bIdUcCaKan

neyaVyekAbeTseLIy

eJHeyIgminTan'tSgxnCaecAhayelIxneyIgVnenA

eLIy . \kraCneyaVy| enaHesateTot Kan'EtCatmKtienAeLIysmab'

lYgciteyIg kuM[eyIgxkcitEtb"ueNaH .

nYn eXOn
P~MeBj fTI 24 kJa 1969

dMeNIreq<a
(1)
eTATisxaglic

23

k~gelxekaybgs'nTsnavd (Etude Cambodgienne) EdlVneVHBum

eLIgedayksYgeXasnakarCati, elak sal Emeyor ( Charles Meyer ) k~g
TMB&rv^carNkfaVnsresrk~gkbx&N nkarTak'Tg Exr eyokNam Ca

GaTidUcteTAenH : vtmannCnCatiyYn eTAelITwkdIExrCaeKaHf~ak'xagpv

neyaVy ehIyplv^VknehtukarN_enHVnelceFa [eXIjrYcmkehIy
enAtamtMbn'xH@ . eKVnsegteXIjfaBBYkG~keFIkareXasnayYnmanskm
PaBy"agsMxan' enAtamPUmiCnbTExrnana ehIyEfmTSgVn ENnSnigdwknS

dl'BBYkbHeVrEdlbkan'menaKmv^CaEbbyYnenHeTotpg . qaymk
eTot G~kniBndEdlenH VnsresreTotfa lkN:d*Fn'FrmYyeTot n

bJa Exr-yYn KWkarmktSgenAedayesmsat'

nCnCatiyYnenAelITwkdIn

kmCa ( L'implantation pacifique des migrs Vietnamiens en territoire Khmer )

Ksarrab'ryK edaysarkarTmak'Kab'EbknynehaHGaemrikSg

bg[eKcakecallMenAkMeNItrbs'xn,

Vnmks~ak'Gas&yenAbeTs

kmCa . mYyPaKFMnG~kTSgLayenH VnxitxMvatTItSg enAekaykarbJb'

sgameTot ehIykarEdlKYrbhak'bEhlmYyeTot KWfanwgmanCnCatiyYn
xH

EdlFab'Vntvr"UvCamYynwgGaemrikSg

nigGaCaFrnkugBnKr

kal

sgamcb'ehIy nwgqgkat'BMEdnmkCkenAelIEdndIExreTot ehIykar

TSgenHnwgVkdCabegt[mannUvesckIByVrmmYyy"agFMeFg
bCarasExrenAtamBMbTl'Edn .

k~gbNa

esckIEtbu"eNH eyIgGacyl'VnesceTAehIyfa etIeKaHf~ak'Pam@

nigeTAGnaKtrdExreyIgKWtg'Na ? dUceyIgFab'VnykbJandMeNIreqaH
mkTisxaglic nCnCatiyYnenHmkecaTrYcmkehIy clnamkTisxaglic
enH mintwmEtmanlkN:neyVy nigmenaKmv^CaeT KWEfmTSgCalTpl

y"agCak'Esg nkarv^vdnbvtisasnEpndIGtItNcinVrSgess . mun

(1) GtbTenHVncuHpayk~gsarBtman nKrFM BIf 20 eTA 28 F~ 1969 - KW 5 ExmunsgamekIt

eLIgk~gbeTseyIg . nX

24
dMbUg

CnCatiyYnTSgenHVneFIdMeNIrmkBITisxagtgCahUrEh

tamCYrP~M

GNam ( Les Cordilires annamitiques ) ehIyk~gdMeNIrenH EdlmanGayuecIn

stvt VnelbVt'eTAehIy nKrcm"aBmTSgEdndIkmCaekameTotpg enA

edImstvtTI19 (k~grvagq~S1840) . ehtuy"agenHehIy VnCaeCayTwkexA

( Camau ) CadIxagtgbMputnNcin tvCnCatiyYnmkvatTItSgenA .

dUec~HebIfmux mankarvatTItSgeTot KWdMeNIreqaHeTATisxaglic ehIy

mkb"HnwgbeTskmCaeyIgEtmg . LvBwtikarN_enH edaysarmansgam

enAeyokNam

tSgBIq~S1945

rhUtmkdl'bcbn~kalenH

Caktay"agFM,

VnmanrYcmkehIy ehIyVkdCanwgmankan'EtFMeLIg@ eTAfmuxeTot ebI

v^FankarEdlnwgcat'BuMmanbsiTPaBKb'Kan'eTenaH .

lkN:Fn'FrmYyeTotnbJasKsajenH KWkarEdlbNaCnyYnenH

mankarbegncMnYnmYyy"agelOnKYr[beTsC^txag

mankarByVrmCacS

Vc' . ebIbsinCaeyIgyksiti EdleKVneFIeLIgedayv^FIv^Tasasmk

BinitkarN_enH rwtEtKYr[eyIgeXIjCak'EsgNas'eTAeTot PaKryn
kMeNIncMnYnbCaCnExreyIg mantwmEt 2,5 eTA 2,6 PaKryEtb"ueNaH ( le

taux d'accroissement dmographique ), cMENkyYn ebItamG~kCMnajkar PaKry

enHeLIgdl'eTA 3 PaKryelIseyIgeTAeTot . m"ageTotdl'ekaysgam

cb' PaKrynkarbegInenHbhak'bEhlCanwgeLIghYsBI 3 PaKryenHeTA

eTot . ehtukarN_enH Gacmanplv^VkCaFn'FrBn'eBk mkelIbeTseyIg

nigbeTsC^txag : m"ageTotk~gbeTsyYn karekInd*elOnnbNaCnenH

GacecaT[manCabJadIFI

( problmes agraires ) Edltv[manTMhMKb'Kan'

edImIGacciJwmmnuskan'EtecIneLIg@

Kan'EtsBfenH

cMnYnbCaCn

xageCIgnigxagtgbJlK~a Cag 40 lannak'eTAehIy ehIybJadIFImanecaT

xH@rYcmkehIy, cuHdl' 20 30 q~SeTot bCaCnenHtvKuNnwgBIr BI 70

eTA 80 lannak' ! etIbJaenHnwgmanTMhMFMdl'NaeTA ? elIkElgEtGnaKt

esdkicyYn kayeTAeTACaesdkicsahkmy"aglUtlas'xSgNas' eTIb

GacedaHsaybJaenHVn

ebIminy"agenHeT

CnCatiyYnTSgenHnwgtvcak

ecjBIbeTsxnmkenAelIdITSgLayEdlenATMenr ehIydIEdlenATMenrTSgenaH

25
KWEdndIExreyIgEtmg

cMENkEdndIbeTslavCadIP~M

ehIyebItambvti

saseTot CnCatieyokNamenH CamnusEdlcUlcitrs'enAelIvalTMnab

( l'homme de la plaine ) KWEdndIsNnTenemKgEtmg ( le Delta ou la valle du
Mkong ) . m"agv^jeTot cUreyIgkuMePcfa ebIdl'q~S 2000 bCaCnExreyIgekIn

dl'eTA15 lannak' enHebItamkarsantamkmv^FIv^Tasas, beTseyok

Nam nwgekIndl'BI70eTA80lannak'eTAehIy . m"ageTot ebIkarsaybJabCa

CnenHBMuVnsleT

enaHeyIgVrmxacEkgEtnwgmankarbegtk~gcMeNam

bJavnyYnEdlmanKMnitCatiniymhYsehtu ( l'ultra-nationalisme ) nUvTwsI

BgIkTwkdIniym edImI[bCaraseKGacrs'enAVn ( une nouvelle thorie de

l'Espace Vital ) . ehIyebITwsIenHekIteLIgEmnenaH, plv^VknwgmanlkN:

Fn'FrkElg mkelIGnaKtbeTskmCaeyIg .

m"agv^jeTot k~gbeTseyIg CnCatiyYnEdlrs'k~gsukExr eyIg

k*ekIneLIgmindac'Edr .

sBfenH GaNikCnCatiyYnTSgenaH mancMnYnBI 450,000 eTA 500,000 nak'

eTAehIy(1) KWCiteTA 7 PaKrynbNaCnExreyIgTSgmUl . ehIyPaKryn

karekIncMnYnbCaCnyYnenAk~gsukeyIgeTot

k*elIsPaKrynkMeNItbCa

CneyIgEdr dUec~HehIy karekInenHtvEtelOneTAmuxCadrab edaybUkbJlCa

mYypgnUvkarlblYccUlmkenA elIdIExreyIg edaytcab'Tmab'enaHeTot. eyIg

VnsegteXIjCaTUeTAfa CnCatiyYnEdlenAsukExreyIg PaKecInCaG~kkI

k ehIyPaBkIkenH GacbegteLIgnUvbJaxagpvsgmy"agFn'Fr manecar
km Xatkm PaBtkareFI ElgsIusg karlk'smsxnedImIrs' .l.
ehIyedayehtufaExrnigyYnrs'enAC^t@K~a
eTAmkpgk*man

plv^VkenH

CYnkalmankarTak'TgK~aeTAv^j

nwgtvFak'mkelIsgmExreyIgtebIbEkk

VneLIy. enHCabJaxagsgmv^Ta ( un problme sociologique ) KbIEteyIg

cab'GarmN_edImI[sgmExrrkanUvPaBsatsMPaBbrisuT .

BwtikarN_mYyeTot EdleyIgKYrcab'GarmN_CaBiess karbegncMnYn

kan'EtecIn

nGaNikCnbreTsyYnelIEpndIeyIg

(1) mun 18mIna 1970 .

ehIyebIeyIgbUkbJl

26
TSgGaNikCnbreTscinmkeTotpg

nwgGacmanplv^VkmYyeTotFn'Frk

Elg k~gGnaKtkal. Kan'EtsBfenH CnbreTsTSgLayenH mancMnYn

C^t CagmYylannak'eTAehIy k~gcMnYnbNaCneyIgTSgGs'Cag8lannak' . ebIeyIg
niyay[Vncas'eTAeTot KWk~gExrTSgGs' 7 nak' manbreTscin-yYn 1

nak' . ehtukarN_enH GacnwgbNal[maneLIgCa bJasasn_ ( un problme

racial

ehIyEdlnwgmanlkN:CabJapvsgmeTotpg

enAbeTs

ma"LayUf @ enH manpHerOgsasn_enH bNal[mankarvwkvr xUcxatnUvesr

PaBxagpvneyaVy
ehIyEdr

ehIysBfenHkI

GaNikCnbreTsCatiyYn

bJaenHk*minTan'cb'sBKb'eTA

enAsukeyIgsBfenH

BuMEmnenA

esmsat'bu"naneLIy eKmanGgkarsmat'Kb'Ebby"ag xagpvsasna k*dUc

CaxagpvneyaVy . erOgGs'enHnrNak*dwgKb'@ K~aehIyEdr .

sBfenH eKeXIjBYkeK enAhak'dUcCaesmsat' BIeJHeBlenH yYn

kMBugCab'eFIsgam enAbeTsevtNam ehIyCa beyaCn_rbs'eKFMNas' EdltmUv

[eKmankarTak'Tgy"agbB CamYyGaCaFrExreyIg . cuHdl'eKcb'sgameTA

beTseKrYbrYmK~av^jeT ?

ebIminrYbrYmxagpvneyaVyk*xagpvesdkic vbFmEdr ehIybeTs

eKnwgkayeTACamhaGMNacGasIumYy

EdlBiPBelakVnTayrYcmkehIy

enaH CnCatievtNamenAsukExr cas'CanwgmansmCJ: cMeJHkmSgrbs'

xnminElgeLIy ( La prise de conscience de leur force en tant que minorit
ethniquement et politiquement dominante )
pvsgm pvneyaVyminElgeLIy .

ehIynigmankarTamTarGIepg@ xag

enHCaeKaHf~ak'mYyFMGenk BIeJHnwgGacbNal[karlk' k~gkarTak'

TgExr-yYn eTAGnaKtkalminecHcb' minecHehIy. VnCaeyIghanGHGag

y"agenH minEmnedayeyIgmanKMnitsb'CnCatiyYnBIdUnta ( une haine hrdi-

taire ) enaHmkeT KWmkGMBIkarEdleyIgeFIv^PaKk~gbJaExr-yYnenHEtmg. enH

Cakarv^vtimYy EdlmanlkN:CakarcSVc' eJHbvtisasmnusCati Vn

bTHbJaEbbenHecInNas'mkehIy k~gstvtTI 20 enHEtmg .

27

NakaredaHsay ?
karedaHsayEdlbB minEmnkarebI FmekA enaHeT eJHfaebI
ebIFmekA nwgbNal[manbtikmlkN:Ca FmekA tbmkv^j mincb'
minehIy

nigeFI[eCaHrvag

ExrnigyYn

kan'EtmanTMhMFMeLIg@

Gs'man

esrPaBneyaVy k~gNcinCaVkd . eyIgniyay FmekA enH KWcg'

niyaydl'karbgM[GaNikCnyYnTSgenH v^ltLb'eTAsukkMeNItv^j (le

rapatriement forc) . . v^FankarenH bNal[manplv^VkGakk'eTAelIesdkic

Cati eyIgnwgVt'bg'nUvkbxNesdkic nigbeckeTsecIn, EfmTSgpar
k~gbeTseyIgy"agsMxan'eTot EdlCakarcSVc'cMeJHGnaKt karlUtlas'
sahkmnigesdkicbeTskmCaeyIg . ehIyeTaHbIkarbgM[v^leTAsuk

kMeNItv^j GaceFIeTAekItvanwgbNal[manbJad*FM EdlnwghYssmtPaB

rbs'eyIgeTotpg. dUec~H v^FankarEdleyIgGacGnuvteTAVn edayminbegt

CabJaFn'FreBkeT

KWkarttta[Vnditdl'

dl'skmPaBKb'Ebby"ag

xagpv sasna kI xag pvsgm neyaVy kI EdlGaNikCnCatiyYnTSgGs'

mank~gbeTseyIg edImIGac[eyIgrMgab'Tan' ( neutraliser ) nUvKb'bMNg

Gakk'TSgLay EdlnwgGaccab'pcepmeLIg .

ehIysMxan'CagenHeTAeTot KWkarbiTTl'Edn[Vnrwgbwug KYr[mankar

Tukcit Qb'[mankarlYcnScUlbreTsmktamv^FIJNiCkm edaykarsu

KlMxHsmCJ: . eyIgKYryl'fa ebImankarlblYccUlmkmgmYykal

(Temporaire) enaHminEmnCaeKaHf~ak'xSgkabu"naneT eKaHf~ak'EdlFM KWkarmk

tSgTIlMenACanickal ( Implantations permanentes ) edaymankarsg'pHsEmg

cab'bkbksikm muxrbrGIepg@eTot eJHCnbePTenH Edlman s

Cab'nwgdIeyIgehIy nwgmankUnecA mitPki mingaytLb'eTAv^jg@ eLIy.

ehIyebIy"agenHeTA

Tl'EdneyIgnwgtvbreTsyYnmktSgenAkkkuj

ehIyk*bNal[manCemaH

rkerOgehtuCamYynigbgbnExreyIg

rYc

begt[

mankarBiVkrs'enA ExreyIgCaCatisttg' minCaG~krkerOgehtueK k*tv

28
eVHbg'ecalTIenaH rt'mkenAqay@eTot .l. enHVkdCakardeNImTwkdI
edayv^FIesmsat' EdleyIgKYrcab'GarmN_[VnCak'cas' .

dUceyIgVneFIkarEvkEjkrYcmkehIy esckIsgwmeyIgTSgsugsit

enAelIrdaPiVlesacsg' Cati EdlnwgmansmCJ:cas'las' cMeJHeKaHf~ak'd*

FMeFgenH dl'matubeTskmCarbs'eyIg . ebIbJaTSgenHminVnTTYlkaredaHsay KYrCa

TIkk'ekAeT GnaKtrbs'eyIgnwgmanBBkexAggwtmkVMgminxaneLIy k~gkbxNnkarv^vti

neyaVyTUeTA k~gPUmiPaKNcind*rMeCIbrMCYlenH .

s m"anI
P~MeBj fTI23 F~ 1969

29

}Ncin
kgqaM2000

30
KMnit TwsIEdlEcgfa bNaCn ( la population ) nigkarv^vtn_nbNaCn

enHman naTId*sMxan' mYyenAk~gCvPaB neyaVyCati nigGnrCatienHminEmn

CaKMnit TwsIefagfeT . CakarBitEmnehIy EdleKeJlfa mnus
CamUldansarvnnKb'rbbKb'KgneyaVynbCaCati sgmmnusTSg

Lay . ehtudUec~HVnCacMnYnmnuseJlKWbNaCnk~gbeTsnimYy@ k~g

tMbn'PUmiPaKnimYy@, tvEtmanTiBlCakarcSVc'eTAelIsanPaB kicdwknS

neyaVy k~gbeTsk~gPUmiPaKEdlbmUlpbeTsTSgenaH . dUec~H ebI

eyaleTAtamTwsIenH cMnYnbNaCnnigkardwknSneyaVy BuMGactveKGar

kat'pac'ecjBIK~aVneLIy .

bNaCnecInhYsmaD
La surpopulation

edayeyageTAtamTwsIxagelIenH bvtiv^TUnigsgmv^TU ( Sociologue )

PaKecInVnBnl'GMBIbuBehtunsgamrvagCatinigCati ( Causes des guerres )

nig clnabd^vtn_ (mouvements rvolutionnaires) EdlVncab'kMeNIteLIgk~g

beTsPUmiPaKnimYy@ nBiPBelak edayBwgEpkeTAelIsanPaBnigclna
nkarv^vtn_nbNaCnenHEtmg . bvtisasrbs'mnusCati hak'dUcCaVn
kt'sMKal'nUvBwtikarN_ CaKMrUxHrYcmkehIy EdlGac[eyIgykmkbJak'

bksayBnl'nUvTwsIxagelIenH k~grvagq~S 1930, beTsGalWm"aj

sm&yhuIEtr enATIbGWru"b, nigbeTsCb"unsm&yeyaFaniymenATIbGasuI, Vn
eFIneyaVyeyaFaniymd*eXareXA

bgbegIt[mansgamk~gBiPBelak

BmTSgVnpBpaynUvesckIekomkM nigkarexacpaGs'ry:CaecInq~S mk

elImnusCati .

beTsTSgBIrenH k~gsm&yenaH suTswgCabeTsEdlmanbNaCn

ecInhYsmaDhYssmtPaBnkaredaHsaysamJnbeTsTSgBIr

31
neyaVyBgIkTwkdIniym nigsgamQanJneTAelIbCaCatiCitxag Edl

beTsTSgenHVnbgbegteLIg
y"agcas'las'

KWBitCaenAk~geKalbMNgneyaVymYy

KWvaydeNImykTwkdIbreTsmkeFICarbs'xn

edImICa

meFaVyGac[beTsxnmanEdndIKb'Kan' ( Espace vital ) sMrab'ciJwm

bNaCnrbs'beTseK Edlkan'EtekIncMnYnecIneLIg@CalMdab'erogral'q~S@

KWk~geKalbMNgenHehIy EdldMbUgeLIgbeTs Cbu"n VncSgvaydeNIm

ykEdndI kUer" ( Core ) nig m"g'CUrI ( Mandchourie ) nabeTscinEb"kxageCIg,

BmTSgKMramkMEhgdl'GaNaextxHnshPaBsUevotpg

ehIybNal[

ekItmansgamy"agyUr BIq~S 1936 eTATl'nwgq~S 1945 rvagcinnigCb"un .

beTsGalWm"ajv^j

k*VnGnuvtneyaVyQanJnTwkdItSgBIq~S

1938 mkdl'q~S 1945 edayVnvaydeNImykbeTs GUTIs, b"ULj

nig1PaKFMnmhabeTs rusI .l. CaBiesseTAeTot eKVnkt'sMKal'fa
mankMeNIncMnYnbNaCneTk~g TIbGWru"bBIq~S 1814 mkdl'q~S 1914 ehIysab'EtenA

edImstvtr_TI20enHEtmg

TIbGWru"bVnqgkat'nUvsm&ymYyd*rMeCIbrMCYl

ehIy

bTHnUvmhasgamdl'eTABIrelIk Kan'Etk~gry:Jk'kNaln stvtr_TI20

Etb"ueNaH .

CaTIbMputeKsegteXIjm"ageTotfa k~gsm&ybcbn~enH Kb'beTs

xt'exayTSgLaynttiyelak ( les pays sous dvelopps ) EdleTIbnwg

Vnsal'nUvkMeNIncMnYnbNaCn

d*elOnhak'bIdUcCasnHBj

kMBugEtCYb

bTHnUv clnabd^vtn_ mYyEdlkMBugEtraldalpBpayKb'TisTI edayman

Ggkar kumynisniymGnrCati CYyeCamECgpg . ehIyclnarMeBItrMeBInTSg
enH tvVneKerobcMeLIgk~geKalbMNgnwgrMlMrbb neyaVyesdkic sgm

cas'TamTar[manrbbf bkbedaylkN:bdivtn_ EdleKyl'fanwgGac

edaHsaybJasgmmnusVnedaybsiTPaB Biess bJaEdlTak'Tg

eTAnwgkMeNInd*elOnhYsbmaN nbNaCnenHg . KWk~gkbxNnTwsI
enHgeTot EdlmanG~kVCxHmanelak kassgbUFul ( Gaston Bouthoul )
Casgmv^TUnigbvtiv^TUCatiVrSg Vncat'Tuk sgam CaVtuPUtmYyd*sMxan'

32
mannaTICaG~keFI[sMerceLIgnUvsmta ( l'quilibre ) k~gsgmmnusTSgLay
nBiPBelak .

enANcin bNaCnExrGacTb'

nwgbNaCnyYnnigesomVneT ?

edImIyl'[Vncas'las' nUvTMhMneKaHf~ak'CaGciny_ EdlKMram

kMEhgbeTskmCa k~gGnaKtkalxagmuxenH KbIeyIgrMkdl'sankarN_

bvtisasCak'Esg

(Situation de fait ) xHTukCaeKaledACabzm . k~gkar

v^vtn_CahUrEhmkehIy

k~gbvtisasnbeTsTSgbI

Exr

esom

yYn

TMnas'Exr esom, rYcTMnas'Exr-yYn ehIycugekaybMput KWTMnas'esom-yYn

CaBwtikarN_mYymanlkN:CaGciny_ ( Une permanence historique ) k~g

bvtisasnbCaCatiNcin Gs'kalecInstvtr_rYcmkehIy . beTs

esomCabCaCatimYybkbedayyuvPaB ( beTsesomcab'kMeNIteLIgna
stvtr_TI 14 ) ekayBIVnvatTItSgelIEdndIExr mYyPaKy"agFMenAEb"kxag

eCIg nigxaglicbeTskmCabcbn~ rYcehIyk*VnxitxMeFIneyaVybTak'

bTajbeTsExr

[cUleTAk~gkarKb'KgpvneyaVyrbs'esom

beTsExr[eTACaGaNaBaVlesomEtmg

KWeFI

( Faire du Cambodge un

protectorat Siamois ) edImITukEdndIenHCaTnab'Tb'Tl' nwgkarvatTItSgrbs'

stvfmYynxn KWyYnenHg . dUec~HTMnas'esom-Exr manlkN:CaCemaH

rvagbCaCatiekg nigbCaCatiburaNmYy ehIyCakarFmtaGarFmEdlman

yuvPaBEtgEtmanfamBl ebobeTAelIGarFmmYyeTotEdlmanv&ycas' .

ehtuenHehIyVnCaeyIgVt'bg'Gs'GaNaextCaecIn . pyeTAv^j CnCati

yYnk~gdMeNIrrbs'xncuHmkTisxagtgtambeNayeq~rsmuTcam nigkmCa
ekam maneKalbMNgnwgvatTItSgykEdndItg'@Etmg KWminEmnKan'Etcg'

33
ykGaNackExr eFICaEdndIGaNaextyYneT EtmanbMNgbMVt'sasn_Exr
GarFmExr, eJlKWeFIbeTsExr[kayeTACaEdndIfrbs'yYnenHEtmg .
enHehIyCaehtukarN_

EdlGacBnl'eyIg[yl'nUvneyaVyyYn

EdlVnbBwtimkelICnCatiExr enAstvtr_TI 18-19 nigenAstvtr_TI 20

k~gEdndIkmCaekamsBfenH . buBehtuCaCemA nneyaVyBgIkTwkdI

yYn enAEdndINcin KWkMeNIncMnYnbNaCnyYn ehIynigkgHxatEdndIEdl

manCICatismab'ciJwmbNaCnEdlrIkcMerIny"agqab'rh&s. KYr[kt'sMKal'

pgEdrfa k~gkar EhkdIExrEckK~a enHehIyEdlesomnigyYnb"HTgicK~a

karb"HTgicK~aenHk*manCahUrEhmkehIyEdrelIEdndIlav. CnCatiesomk*kan'
EtmankarminTukcitxSgeLIgcMeJHKUstvf KWyYnenHg . k~gkrNIenH k~g
GnaKtkal ebIesomnigyYnmanCemaHK~a KWenAelITwkdIExr lavenHEtmg .

X
X

34

15000000 nak'dl' Ks 2000 !

eyIgVnniyayCats@rYcmkehIy GMBIEdndIPUmiPaKxHk~gBiPBelak

eyIgenH

EdlVnsal'nUvkMeNInbNaCnCaGtibrma

BmTSgplv^Vkn

BwtikarN_enHeTotpg. eyIgk*GacBicarNadl'plv^VkEbbenHEdlnwgGac
ekItmaneLIg enAelIPUmiPaKNcin ebIbsinCakarv^vtn_bNaCnenAelIEdndI
enHmanlkNCaFmta ( un volution normale ) KWfaebIKansgamGsnisux
BwtikarN_dTeTot mkeFI[sankaBnkarv^vtn_enHpas'breT .

EdleyIgrMkdl'bJaenH minEmneyIgyl'sbienaHeT, KWeyIgniyay

k~gzan:Camnus

EdlmansmCJ:Kb'Kan'Camnus

Fmta

Edl

BicarNarkehtupl .

eyIgGacKn'KrU eFIelxrkcMnYnbNaCnExreyIg k~grvagq~S 2000 Vn

edayykGtankMeNInbNaCn ( le taux d'accroissement dmographique ) 2,5

2,6 PaKry(1) mkeFImUldan. ehtudUec~HeyIgGacsantamv^FIv^Tasas

fa rvagq~S 2000 bNaCneyIgnwgeLIgeTAdl' 14 15 lannak'ehIy enH
bsinebIKansgamelak GsnisuxNamYymkrMxankarv^vtn_enHeTenaH.

cMnYnbNaCneyIgnwgeLIgeTAdl'80nak'k~g 1 Km eTKuN . ebIy"agenHEmn

eyIgGacsn~idanVnfa k~g30q~SeTotEdndIeyIgmincegtcgl'enAeLIyeT.
m"ageTotEdndIeyIgCavalTMnab smreTAedayClFa manTenemKgCaedIm,
eyIgnwgGaceFIrebobGaCvkmksikm( mthodes d'exploitation agricole ) rwtEt
besIreLIg edayeFI[semcnUvkarVcTwkbJlEs ( l'irrigation )

dMNSeyIgenAesssl'ecIn . sBfenH dIdSdMNSeyIgmanEt 18%

dIdS
np

(1) eyageTAtamsitiq~S 1962, GtaenHman 2,3% Etb"ueNaH EtebItamG~kCnajkar GtaEdltwm

tvCag KW 2,5% 2,6% enHg sUmemIl ( Les facteurs de croissance dmographique au Cambodge thse de
doctorat de 3e cycle, Sorbonne Paris 1967.)

35
kLaTSgGs'Etb"ueNaH .
ecIneLIg@ .

eyIgnwgGacbegneTAeTot ebIbNaCneyIgekIn

ehtudUec~HeyIgsgwmfa EdndIeyIgminTan'cegtcgl'eT k~g 30 q~S

50 q~SxagmuxenH, eyIgnwgGacBgIkplitplksikmEfmeTot . eJHfa k~g

GnaKtkal meFaVybeckeTseyIgk*kan'EtmanlkN:besIreLIgCahUr

EhEdr . eyIgnwgminrnt'cMeJHGnaKteyIg eJHbeTseyIgnwgGacciJwm

edayKb'Kan'nUvbNaCnrbs'eyIgVnCaVkd

beTseyIgmincSVc'

nwgGnuvtn_ neyaVyBgIkTwkdIniymeTAelIbeTsC^txageLIy .

EtkarEdleyIgKYrP&yVrm KWeyIgecaTsYrxneyIgfa : etIG~kC^txag

eyIg, xagekIteyIgkI xagliceyIgkI, nwgTuk[eyIgsal'sniPaBCaerogdrab

? ebI 30 50 q~SeTot EdndIrbs'eKnwgeBjeBob, ebobhak'dUcCaTwk

EdleBjlageTAehIy @ hUrehorecjmkekA tmg'eTArkTITMnabdTeTot.

etIeyIgKYrcat'Tukfa TITMnabEdlminTan'dk'TwkTSgenH man valTMnabTenemKg

nigTensab ( la valle du Mkong ) eJlKWbeTskmCaeyIg GaceCosputBI
eKaHf~ak'enH ?

X
X

36

37

eKaHf~ak'rbs'eyIgenATisxagekIt
Cag 80000000 nak'rs'enAelIEpndImYyy"agcegtcgl'
enATisxagekItnigxagtgbeTskmCaeyIg CnCatiyYnVncuHsmuk

mkBITisxageCg

tameq~rsmuTGtItnKrcm"a

ehIyVneFIkarTnanluk

luydeNImdIFIBIdUntaeyIg tSgBIcugstvtr_TI 17 mkem"H Kan'Etk~gry:

150 q~SVyEtb"ueNaH yYnVnmkvatTItSg BmTSgkayxneTACamas'TwkdI

kmCaekam eBjTICaesc (k~g Ks 1840). KYrEteyIgrMkEdrfa CnCati
yYnTSgenHEdlVnelbsIuTwkdIeyIgmYyPaKy"agFM manTMhM 64000 Km

eTKuNKWesInwgbeTslga (Ceylan) TSgmUlenHVn k*edaysarsm&yenaH

bNaCneyIgenAkmCaekam mancMnYnticBn'eBkNas' fIebIEdndItMENldUn
taeyIgenH

CaEdndImYyEdlbkbeTAedayCICatid*v^essv^sal

mkbdUcBuMVneLIyk*eday .

rkdINa

cMENkkarEdlyYnsmukcuHmkxagtgenaH bNalmkBIbuBehtufa

bNaCnekItecIneBk

yYnBuMGacmandIlKb'Kan'smab'ciJwmK~aeKVn

eLIy . ehtuenHehIyVnCayYnVneFIneyaVyBgIkTwkdIniym mkelI

raCaNackExrtQb'Qr rhUtdl'sm&ybcbn~kalenHeTot k*yYnBuMBm
bJb'GMeBIlYccUlmktSgenAelIdIEdlTMenrrbs'eyIgeLIy .

sBfenH beTsevotNammanpkLabEhl 330000 Km2 KWFM

CagbeTseyIgcMnYnC^t2dg. KWCabeTsmYyEdlmanbeNayd*EvgcMgay

BIxageCIgmktgC^tEt 2000 Km . naq~S 1970 bNaCnTSgGs'nb

eTsenH mancMnYnC^teTA 40000000 nak' KW 20 lan Eb"kxageCIg nig 18

lan Eb"kxagtg . beTsevotNam CaEdndImYysmreTAedayBBwka

nigP~M. BnigP~MenHKbdNb'elIpdI 80% npkLaTSgGs' KWesInwgp
kLa 260000 Km eTKuN . ehtudUec~HehIyVnCa, mnusTSg 38 lan

nak'enHrs'enAelIpdIEt 20% Etb"ueNaH KWesInwgpkLa 60000 Km

38
eTKuN . k~gkrNIekayenH dg'suIet ( densit ) eLIgeTAdl' 600 nak' k~g 1

Km2 . dUceyIgeXIjsab' sBfenH dIbeTseyokNamenHcegtcgl'

Nas'eTAehIy. cMENkplitplsvGgr k*swgEtminKb'Kan'pg . Cguk
svd*FMnbeTsenHKWEdndIsN ( le Delta ) nTenemKg nigdIsNTen
sugk ( le Delta du Fleuve Rouge ) . EdndIsNTenemKgGacpl'svGgrCa
mFm 6 lanetank~gmYyq~S ehIydIsNTensugkpl'[ 4 lanetanCa
mFmEdr . bUkeTAVntwmEt 10 lanb"ueNaH, dUec~HeTA fmuxsvGgrenH

VkdCaminGacbMeBjesckItvkarrbs'bNaCnyYn
y"agelOnesaHeLIy .

k~gcMeNambeTsGasIuTSgLay

EdlkMBugekIncMnYn

yYnmanGtankMeNInbCaCn

(taux d'accroisement dmographique) xs'CageKg(1) KWmanrhUtdl'eTACag3% .

ebIeyageTAtamPaKryenH k~gq~S 1970 bNaCnyYnrYmTSgxageCgnigxag

tg nwgeLIgdl'eTA 40000000 nak' .
k~glkN:enH

bsinebIkarv^vtn_rbs'bCaCnenH

manelneTAmux

eTotedayKanBwtikarN_FMduMGImkrMxaneT bNaCnbeTseyokNamnwgeLIg
rhUteTA Cag 80000000 nak' k~g 30 q~SeTot . kmCaeyIg dl'q~S

2000 mantwmEt 15 lannak'b"ueNaH .

X
X

(1)-eyageTAtamesovePA :-
ebItamelak B. Fall,

Les Deux Viet-Nam, Bernard Fall, Payot Paris, 1967.

GtankMeNInenH eLIgdl'eTA 3,5% ebItamsitipl'BIkarCMerOnbCaCnq~S1960

enAbeTseyokNamxageCIg. cMeJHeyokNamxagtg elak B. Fall

b"ueNaH .

niyaytwmEt 3 PaKryEt

39

etInwgmanplviVkFn'FrGIxH
-

eyIgKYrecaTsYredayql'fa etIdI 20 PaKrynpkLaTSgGs'

330009 Km2 k*dItwmEt 60000 Km2 b"ueNaH Gacpl'GaharKb'

Kan'[dl'mnusCag 80 lannak'VneT ?

eqIyv^jPamfa twmEtsBf 40 lannak'b"ueNaH BiVknwgciJwm [

Vnrs'k~gPaBKb'Kan'eTAehIy cuHdl'eTA 80000000 etInwgekItCabJa

FMy"agNaeTA ?

etIbeTseyokNamnwgkayeTACa Cb"un TI2 k~gTIbGasIu GalWm"ajTIbGasIu ?

eqIy

TI 1 mYyk*beTseyokNam nwgBgIkkmSgsahkmnigesd-

kicCaGtibrma ebobbdUcVneTAnwgCb"unTI 2 k~gGasIuPaKGeK~y_ . KMnitenH

tvVnG~ksegtkarN_GnrCatinana ykmkKitrYcCamuneTAehIy KWmunkal

bJb'sgameyokNamenHeTAeTot . CaBitVkdEmnehIy enHKWv^Fankar

bBNas' . beTseyokNamsmreTAedayFnFanEr" elahFatu Efm

TSgkbxNv^Tasas nigbeckeTs ( techniciens, ingnieurs, chercheurs...)

bkbedaycMnYnecInKb'Kan'

ehIymanfamBleTotpg

bUkrYmnwgpark~g

GnaKtd*FMeFg (Cag 80 lannak'), nwgGackayeTABitVkd CamhaGMNac

sahkmy"agsMxan'k~gBiPBelakeyIgxagmuxenH

kalebIeyokNam

kayeTACasahkmehIy beTsenHGaclk'ecjeTAbreTs nUvplitpl

sahkm edImIGacTijcUlmkv^jnUvplitplksikm edImIkartvkarxag

cMNIGaharenAk~gbeTs . KWTal'EteFIy"agh~wg eTIbbNaCnbeTsenHGac

rs'enAVn

edayecos[putGMBIbJasgm

lkN:sKsajeLIg .

nigneyaVyEdlnwgritEtman

40
cUreyIgnwkKitdl'beTsCb"un

Edlk~gbcbn~kalenH

manpkLa

bhak'bEhlnigeyokNamEdr ( 370000Km2 ) ehIymanmnusrs'enA

cMnYnCag 100 lannak'eTAehIy . sanPaBnbeTsenH BMuxusBIbeTs
eyokNamb"unaneLIy k~gdI 370000Km2 dItwmEt 16 PaKryb"ueNaH

EdleKGacdSdMNS ehIyrs'enAVn . ekABIenH KWsuTswgEtP~MeCaHClg

kMfBuMGac[mnusrs'VneLIy . kalBIrvagq~S 1930 Cb"unVnsal'nUv
kMeNInbCaCnmYyy"agelOn ehIyedImInwgedaHsaybJaxHdIFIenH Cb"un
VnGnuvtnUvneyaVyBgIkTwkdIniym

eyaFaniymQanJnvaydeNIm

EdndIBIbeTscin, beTskUer" .l. b"uEnneyaVyenHVntvTTYlbraC&y

ekaysgamelakelIkTI 2 CaescrYceTAehIy . ehtuenHehIy VnCa

Cb"untmg'neyaVyrbs'xnmkv^j rhUtdl'kayeTACamhaGMNacesdkic
TI 3 k~gBiPBelak ( 3

me

(sUevot) .

puissance conomique modiale ) ekay sss

dUceyIgeXIjsab'ehIy lkN:TwkdI nigPUmisaseyokNam nig

Cb"unmansPaBbhak'bEhlK~a . dUec~HbEhlCaKankmSgGIGacmkrarSg

min[beTseyokNamkayeTACamhabeTsesdkicVneLIy, ehIypar
d*sMxan'nesdkicsahkmenH KWEdndIGasuIEb"kGeK~y_Etmg .l.
ebIbsiny"agenHEmnenaH

dMNM

nwgminGaceKcputVneLIg

beTskmCaeyIgnwgtvTTYlrgeKaHCa

GMBIkmSgeyokNamenH

eJHkarv^vtn_va

tvEty"agdUec~aH ! cMeJHeyIg ebIesdkicenAEteGanfy eyIgnwgkayeTACa

paresdkicyYnEtmg. enHehIyCaTidPaBfmYyeTotnlTiGaNaniKmniym

sm&yf EdlmanPaBsahav minxusBIGaNaniKmniymneyaVy TwkdI

enaHesaHeLIy.

enHk*rebobm"agEdlnwgnSbeTseyIg[eFIdMeNIreqaHeTA

rkkarVt'bg'kraCpgEdr .

Etk~gry:evlasBfenHk*edaycuH

k*KYrEteyIgBYyVrmTuk[ehIy

eJHKan'EteyokNamxagtgb"ueNaH eKbJnnisiteKeTAbreTsk~g mYy

q~Srab'Jn'

(1)

nak' [eTAsikatmv^CaenAGWr"ubGaemrik. eyokNamxageCIg

(1) eyageTAtamesovePAelak B. Fall, <Les deux Vietnam>, Payot, 1967, Paris, TMB&r ( 361 )

41
v^j nisitbeckeTs v^skrrab'Jn'nak'tvbJneTAeronenAshPaBsUevt

GWru"bEb"kxagekItnigenAbeTscin .l. TSgkum@ Etmg. luHdl'sgamcb'

Pam

beTskumynisTSgLay

ksikm

beTsenHeLIgv^j

rgcSEtCYyksagesdkic,

sahkm,

karCYyenHCakatBkicsMxan'Nas'

eJH

beTskumynisTSgLay rEmgEtgmanesckIsamKIK~ay"agC^tsi~Tk~gKMnit
GnrCatiniymbCaBlkr ( dans l'intrt de l'internationalisme proltarien ) .
m"ageTot

sgamenAeyokNamxagtg

minTan'cb'escVc'pg

sab'EtmUlFnbreTs manCb"unedImeK rYcmkhugkug Gaemrik swgburI cUl

mkeFIv^nieyaK ( investissements )
TMrSsgamcb'eTA

y"agKKwkKeKgk~gbeTsenHeTAehIy cuH

etImUlFnbreTsnwghUrcUlmky"agNaeToteTA

cuH

cMENkGaemrikSgv^j VkdCaminEmncakecjBIbeTseyokNam edayTuk

[beTsenHVk'EbkexcxIy"agdUec~HeT, ebIBuMenaHesat srGa enHnwgtv

Gamasmuxy"agGaeNacGaFm cMeJHmtisaFarNCnBiPBelak . Gaemrik
tvEtlublagkitiysrbs'xn

k~gq~S

1969

kngeTAehIyenHsPa

GaemrikSgVnTSgeKagfv^kacMnYn 2000000000 dular ( KWtvCaVk'

erolCag 100 ekadi ) sMrab'sabnabeTseyokNameLIgv^j .

ehtudUcxagelIenHehIy VnCamtiG~ksegtkarNGnrCatixHVnTay

fa karrYbrYmK~aeLIgv^jnbeTseyokNam CamhnraytGIbdUcVn cMeJHP&B

vasnanmatubeTskmCaeyIg .
ebIbsinCay"agenHEmn

etIeyIgnwgGacmanGIGacTb'Tl'rMgab'kmSg

esdkicyYn kuM[vacUlmkelbesdkiceyIgVneT ? ebIminVneTenaH, etI

rvag 30 q~SeTot eyIgnwgKg'vgCv^tbneTAeTotVneT ?

cMeJHkmCaeyIg

maKamanEtmYyKt' smab'karedaHsay[VnKg'

vgCv^t . maKaenaH KWkarBgIkkmSgesdkiceyIg[VnelOnqab'rh&sTan'kal

sm&y EkgGacrMgab'VnxHnUvkmSgesdkicyYnenH . karbgg'[yWtya"vteTAeTot

KWCaGMeBIGtXatkm

KWCakMhusFMNas'cMeJHbvtisas

rbs'matuPUmiCaTIes~han

eyIgral'K~a . bvtisasmanEP~k . bvtisasnwgdak'eTasmkelIeyIgral'K~aEdl

eFsbEhsk~gbJaenH .

42
TI 2 - mYyk*beTseyokNam nwgGnuvtneyaVybnycMnYnekgkuM

[ekItecIneBk ( limiter les naissances ) karenHGacnwgsemcVn k*esceTA

elIkaryl'eXIjnG~kneyaVyyYnk~gGnaKtEtb"ueNaH

ebITukNaCa

neyaVyCayfaehtuEbbenH GnuvteTAbkbedayeCaKC&ykI, k*cMnYnbNa

CnenAecInCadrab. beTseyokNamenAEtBgIkkmSgesdkic sahkm
dEdl eJHenHCakatBkicxanBuMVn . ehtudUec~aH eKaHf~ak'enAEtmanlkN:

Fn'FrdEdl mkelIvasnankmCaeyIgeTAGnaKt .

TI 3 - EtbsinCapyeTAv^j kmSgesdkicrdeyokNamBuMVnlUtlas'[

Kb'Kan'eTenaH ehIyneyaVybnykMeNItkUnekg k*BuMtvVnGnuvteTot

enHmhnrayrwtEtmanTMhMKuNBIrdg db'dg .l. xSgNas'eTAeTot mk

elIGnaKtbeTskmCaeyIg .

ehtudUcemcVnCakarenHvaeTACay"agdUec~aHv^j ?

sgam nwg Gac pHeLIgrvagExrnigyYn BiVknwgecosvagVn

eJHbNaCnyYnkan'EtekIneLIgCalMdab'lMeday 50 60 70 80 90 lan

nak'k~g30q~SeTot. FnFanxagesdkic nigxagksikmenAdEdllUtlas'

yWteBk CaehtuBuMGacnwgGnuJat[ciJwmmnusVnk~gPaBKb'Kan'eLIy .

karenHnwgbegIt[manv^btipvsgm rYcv^btipvneyaVy bgbegteLIg

edayesckIminsbaycit PaBkevTnarbs'CnCatiyYnenaHg. eBlenaH

ehIy

nwgmanG~kneyaVyyYnxH

Vietnamiens Ultra-nationalistes )

EdlCaG~kCatiniymhYsehtu

Les

bgbegt[manTwsIBgkTwkdIniym tam

rebobGalWm"ajCnan' hIuEtr ( Hitler ) TamTarnUvTwkdImYyEdleKnwgsntfa

Kb'Kan' smab'karrs'enArbs'bCaCneK ( une nouvelle thorie de l'Espace

Vital ) . ehIyEdndIEdleKtvkarenaH KWmanEtkmCa-lav esom(?) Et
b"ueNaH . edImInwgsemcnUvKemagkarenHVn neyaVyQanJnbgerOg
ehtu [ekIteTACasgamNcin TI 3(?) eKBuMgaynwgecosvagVneLIy.
ggwt

ebIy"agenHEmn

enAeCIgemXnGnaKtEdndINcinnwgmanBBkexA

mkbiTVMgesckIsgwmrbs'eyIgrlt'esaHsUn

eNacGaFmkeBk.

KYr[seNaHGa

43
bsinebIneyaVyBgIkTwkdIniym edImIrs'enHtvGnuvtEmnenaH Edn

dIeyIg

bNaCneyIgnwgtveKelbbnicmg@

ehIyTIbMputnwgrlayrUbVt'

eQaHecjBIEpnTInBiPBelak dUcbvtisasnraCaNackcm"a EdndI

kmCaekamtebIbEkkVneLIy .

KWeBlenHgehIy EdlbvtisasnwgEcgGMBI dMeNIreqaHeTATisxag

lic nbCaCatieyokNam ekamsnHnkMeNItCaGtibrmanbNaCnmYy

EdlXScS{kasbl&yCv^teyIg Gs'ry:kalecInstvtmkehIy .

rYmesckI EdndINcinCaEdndImYyEdl xHesrPaBCanirnr_ . enAelI

EdndIenH beTskmCaeyIgk~gGnaKtkalxagmuxenH nwgtvqgkat'nUveKaH

f~ak'd*FMeFgecInEbby"ag dUcCakarKMramkMEhgdl'karKg'vgCv^t ( la survie )

nbCaCatieyIgeTotpg . ebITukCakarv^vtn_enAbeTseyokNameTACay"ag
Nak*eday, mhnrayKb'EbbenAcSXSCv^teyIgKb'Chan . eBlevlaedIr
elOneTAmuxqayeTA@ mhnrayk*elcrUbragkan'EtFMcas'eLIg@ CalMdab' .
KWmanEtneyaVy

BgIkkmSgesdkicCati[Vnqab'rh&sb"ueNaHeT

EdlGac[eyIgmanmeFaVyTb'Tl'nwgyfaehtuKb'Ebby"agVn

Et

enHKWKan'EtCaniekbbT ( des thses ) CaTwsImti ( l'opinion ) rbs'mnusm~ak'

Etb"ueNaH dUec~HBuMTan'cat'TukCatwmtvVnkareBjeljenAeLIyeT . kar

BitsitenAelIbvtisask~gGnaKtkalenaHv^jeT EdlGacv^nic&yVn.

k*bu"En eyIgminEmnmanEt yYn eTEdlXScSbl&y enATisxag

lic esom k*cSEt{kaslnwg kejc EdndIeyIgdUcK~aEdr .

X
X

44

beTsesomnwgmanbNaCn 70 lannak'
enABIxageCIg nig xaglicbeTskmCaeyIg bNaCnbeTsmYyeTotnwgGac
kayeTACaTmn'd*Fn'mYyfeTotsgt'mkelIEdndIeyIg .
kalebIeyIgVnelIkbJayYnmkBicarNa

CatieyIgrYcehIy

Bnl'bMPWdl'smCJ:

eyIgBuMGacbMePcVnesaHeLIyfa

yayImatubeTsExreyIg

eKaHf~ak'EdlnwgGac

minEmnFab'manEtmkGMBITisxagekItnigxagtg

b"ueNaHeLIy, enHKW stv cugekayrbs'eyIg EdlVnelbrYcmkehIy

nUvEdndIeyIg EdlmanpkLaCag 60000 Km2 esInwgkLapbeTs

GuIsaEGlbIdg. eyIgenAmanG~kC^txagrbs'eyIgmYyeTot EdlCastv
cas'BIbrmbUraN

ehIyEdlVntVk'elbCaecInstvtr_mkehIy

nUv

GaNaExtrbs'eyIgy"agecInGenk stv enH, EdleyIgminTan'Gac

bMePcVnfa munq~S 1907 VnmkvatTItSgenAelI 1/3 nEdndIeyIgsBf
enH ehIyEdlkalBIq~S 1941 dl' 1945 VnmkcSgdeNImtamv^FIkmSg

VynUvExtesomrab, kMBg'FM, Vt'dMbgCasafIeTot KWbeTsesom fLg

enHg .

ebIenAk~gBgavtaExreyIg CnCatiyYn CaCnCatibkbedayeKaHf~ak'

y"agCak'EsgcMeJHeyIgy"agNa

CnCatiesomk*CaG~kC^txagbkbeday

eKaHf~ak'EdlmansPaBsahavmincaj'K~ay"agenaHEdr .

dUec~HehIy, karEdleyIgcab'GarmNe_ TAelIeKaHf~ak'TSgBIrenHBmK~a

CameFaVyEtmYy

Gac[eyIgbugebobeCIgkarN_TukCamun[ehIy

enH

VkdCa tmKtid*besIr v^essv^salkElgNas'eTAehIy bvtisas

BIGtItkalf@ enHCaemeronsab', karEdl cS[TwkeLIgdl'cmuH sim

bevrbvarkTICmk

nwgkayeTACaesckIepmnkarliclg'

Gs'sgwmminxaneLIy .
X
X

TIbMputnPaB

45

etIbNaCnesomGacnwgmanTiBl
GIeTAelIGnaKtnEdndIrbs'eyIg

cemIyk~gPaBtwmtvmYyryPaKry tbeTAsMNYrenHv^j, KanCnNa

mYyGaceFIVneLIy EteKGaceFIesckIsn~idank~gPaBbhak'bEhl man

EbbEpnCaniekbbT ( des thses ) VnxH@ .

tamksarsresredayelak LalUEbr ( La Loubre ) k~grvagq~S

1693 bNaCnesommantwmEt 1900000 nak'Etb"ueNaH . CagmYyst-

vtr_kngmkeTot KWk~gKs1841, bNaCnenHekIndl'eTA 5200000nak'

(enAry:eBlbEhlK~aenaH ExreyIgmanbEhl 800000 nak'). rYcehIy
bNaCnenHk*ekIncMnYneTACa 8200000 nak'naq~S 1910, rYc 14500000

nak'naq~S 1937, rYc 22800000 nak'naq~S 1956 . Kan'Etk~gq~S 1965

Etb"ueNaH bNaCnenHekIndl'eTA 30 lannak'esceTAehIy . tamkarKn'

KUrtamrebobv^Tasas dl'q~S 1975 xagmuxenHnwgeLIgdl'40lannak'

(1)

dUcCaeyIgVneXIjenHsab' bNaCnesomekInelOnrh&sCaBn'eBk

ehIyCaBiesseTAeTot KWcab'tSgBIekaysgamelakelIkTIBIrmk .
kMeNInd*elOnenH

k~gmYyq~S@

bNalmkGMBIkarcuHfyCaecInncMnYnmnussab'

ehIypyeTAv^j cMnYnmnusekItkan'EtmansnHelneTAmux

tQb'QresaH . munq~S 1950 eKVncat'TukbeTsfLgenH CabCaCati

Edlsmrsbayrs'k~gesckI

sb'sat'

KanbJaecaTesaHeLIy

LvenH, Gs'ehIyPaBsmrsbay Gs'ehIyPaB sb'sat' bJad*

ecInEsnkMBugEtecaTeLIg

qab'nbNaCnesomenHg

KWbuBehtunbJaenH

KWbNalmkGMBIkMeNInd*

BmTSgkarv^vtn_nsanPaBneyaVyGnrCati

k~gPUmiPaKGasIuEb"GeK~y_enHmkbUkbEnmeTot .

(1) eyageTAtamesovePA <l'Evolution de la Thailande contemporaine> Cahier de la Fondation Nationale des

Sciences, Politiques, P. Fisti, Paris, 1967, et " la Thailande", Q.S.J., P.U.F., Paris, 1963.

46

beTsfLg 70000000 dl'q~S 2000 !

ebItamsitiEdltvVneKsemceLIg

GtankMeNInbNaCnesomeLIgdl'eTA

2,6% Etb"ueNaH .

ehtudUec~HehIy

tamEbbbTv^Tasas

3,00%(1)

kMrit

ExreyIgmantwmEt

ebIbsinCaKanBwtikarN_NamkrMxandl'karv^vtn_

enHeT beTsesomnwgGacmanmnusdl'C^teTA 70 lannak' naedImstvt

TI 21 xagmuxenH ( kMeNInbNaCnExreyIgnwgeLIgdl' 15 lannak'Et
b"ueNaH ) .

ehtuEdlbNaCnesomenH ekInk~g 30 q~SxagmuxenHdl'eTA 70 lan

nak'enH minEmnCakarmYyKYr[eyIgenAesmBegykenIyesaHeLIy. EdndI

Ncin

nwgkayeTACaEdndIEdlmanbNaCnecInhYsmaD

Une

rgion

surpeuple ) . Kan'EtesomnigyYnbUkbJlK~aekIndl'eTACag 150 lannak'

eyIgEdlmantwmEt 15 lan KW 1 bqSgnwg 10 nwgmanmeFaVyKb'Kan'
GacttSgnwg ( stv ) eyIgVneT, ebIeKrYmK~aCaFgmYyehIyGnuvtnUvbMNg

Gakk'mkelIbeTseyIg . beTseyIgKWCaEdndImYyEdlman sanPaBPUmi

sasneyaVy ( Une position go-politique centrale ) enAkNaleK, ehIyEdl
eK ( bsinebIeKtvr"UvK~a ) ekobsgt'BIKb'TisTIVnedaygay . ebIeyIgnwg
erIsykTahrN_k~gelakenHmkBnl'Vn

KWsanPaBPUmisasbeTs

b"ULj enHEtmg . cUreyIgemIlcuH beTsb"ULjenH, CYnkaltvVt'bg'Edn

dI, Vt'eQaHBIEpnTInBiPBelak, CYnkaleTot beTsGalWm"ajBIxaglic

nigbeTsrusIBIxagekItsuHsYlK~a EhkEdndIEckK~a dUckalBIsm&y

sgamelakelIkTI 2 enHsab' .l.

dUec~HehIy, k~gGnaKtkalenH bJaFMEdlecaTmkelINcin KWbJacegtcgl'

nEdndI EdlbNalmkBIbNaCnecInhYsmaDenHgCaVkd .

(1) eyageTAtamesovePA : <L'Evolution de la Thailande Contemporaine> dEdlnig <L'Economie de l'Asie du

Sud Est> L Thanh Khoi, P.U.F. Paris, 1964.

47

plviVk bNalmkGMBIkMeNIn
bNaCnk~gbeTsesom

etIrdaPiVlesomnwgedaHsayEbbNa

CnenH ?

cMeJHbJakMeNIncMnYnbNa

Kan'Etk~gsBfenH EdlbNaCnminTan'TSgekIndl' 40 lannak'pg

enaH VnbegIn[mankarByVrmmYyy"agFMeFgk~gcMeNamG~kdwknSesom.

naq~S 1957-58, tamesckIsuMBIrdaPiVlesom ebskkmmYyn FnaKar

BiPBelak ( la B.I.R.D. ) VnmkeFIkarsikanigesckIraykarN_mYy GMBI

sanPaBesdkicesom . eyabl'rYmnesckIraykarN_enH Vnbgaj[

eXIjnUvkgHxat nig PaBxt'exayCaecIncMeJHGnaKtesdkicesom .
pyeTAv^j,

karBgkFnFanesdkic

KWbegnplitplksikmnig

sahkmCakarcSVc' edImIedaHsaybJakMeNInbNaCnenH, edImIrkakuM

[kMritCvPaBnbCarasFak'cuHCalMdab' rhUtdl'PaBevTnakxt' xHcMNI
GaharbriePaK .

sm&ybcbn~enH FnFanesdkicxH@ EdlBImunGactveKnSecjeTA

breTsVn

k*kan'EtmancMnYneGanfyCalMdab'

maneQIm"sak',

V"hSg, ekAsU, ehIyBiesseTAeTot KWGgrenHEtmg .

ehtudUec~HehIy

VnCakarBgIkesdkic[VnelOnqab'rh&s

kayeTACaGaTiPaBTImYy nneyaVyesom .
KWk~gKMnitenHehIy

EdlrdaPiVlesomsBfenH

sMN,
Vn

kMBugEtsabna

KemagkarN_FM@ CaecIn mansMNg'TMnb'ClaKIsnI EdlGac[semcCa

mYypg nUvkarVcTwkbJlEs

( l'irrigation ) nwgGagGacBgIknUvpdIdS

dMNSf@eTot . rIxagv^s&yshkmv^j mUlFnbreTs (les capitaux

trangers) CaecInVntveKebIVs'k~gbeTs edImIsemc[mannUvkarcMerIn

lUtlas'. k~gcMeNammUlFnbeTsEdleKVneFIv^nieyaKk~gbeTsenH KW

manmUlFnCb"unecInCageK, bnab'mkmUlFncintay-va"n' ehIyTI3 KWmUl

48
FnGaemrikSg . k~gneyaVyesdkicenH rdaPiVlVneFIkarsml[Ca

Gtibrma dl'karnScUlmknmUlFnbreTsTSgenH .

k*b"uEn bJaEdlsMxan'CageK KWbJasUvGgrenHg . valTMnabn

TenemNam CamhaCguksUvnbeTsesom . k~gkalsBfenH pkLa

dIdSdMNS mancMnYnEt 1/4 Etb"ueNaH nvalTMnabTenemNam EdlsmN
eTAedayClFar . dUec~HbJankarBgkdIdMNSminEmnecaTk~glkN:Fn'Fr
dUcenAbeTseyokNamenaHeT . EdndIesomEdlmanpkLaTSgGs'Cag

500000 Km2 ehIyEdlmYyPaKy"agFMCadITMnab nwgminTan'kayeTACadI

cegtcgl'enAeLIyeT k~gry:kal 30 50 q~SeTAxagmuxenH . beTs
enH GacnwgbegnplitplksikmVnEfmeTot edImIGaceqIytbeTAnwgesc
kItvkarkan'EtFMeLIg@nbCaras
eLIg

nUvrebobGaCvkmksikm

edaysarneyaVyeFI[rwtEtbesIr

mankarVcTwkbJlEs

karebICKImI

ebIeKOgynksikm . KWk~gbMNgenHgehIy edayrdaPiVlesomkMBug

EtGnuvtKemagkarFM@ CaecIn xagTMnb'Twk CkbLaybJlEs tSgBIq~S

1950 mkem"H edaysarCnYyBiPBelak . KemagkarenH GacBgknUv

pkLadIdSdNS BmTSgfamBlGKIsnIeTotpg .
bsinebIKemagkarBgkplitplksikm

nigFnFansahkmenH

maneCaKC&yEmn bJav^btipvsgmGacnwgtvVnedaHsay[VnFUrsal

xH, k*bu"EnkmSgesdkicesom nwgrwtEtmanTMhMFMeLIgCalMdab' Gas&yeTAelI

PaBFMeFgnpark~gbeTsesomenHCaVkd (BI 65 eTA 70 lannak' dl'

cugstvtTI 20) . k~gkrNIenH karBgkkmSgesdkicesomenH k*Gackay

eTACaeKaHf~ak'mYyFMEdr

eTAelIGnaKtbeTskmCaeyIg

Edlmanpark~g

beTsexayenAeLIy . CakarBitEmnehIy kmSgesdkick~gtMbn'nimYy@

nBiPBelak ebobVneTAnwgkmSgTwkEdlhUrehor BItMbn'mYyxs'eTAtMbn'

mYyeTotEdlTabCagdUec~HEdr .

beTskmCaeyIg EdlsitenAkNalbeTsTSgBIrenH TukCaeyIg

eFIy"agNa @ kI k*BuMGacecosputGMBIkarsgt'sg^nkan'EtFn'FreLIgxagpv

esdkic nigbNaCn ( les pressions d'ordre conomique et dmographique

49
grandissantes ) nbeTsTSgsgxagVnrYceLIy edayGas&yeTAelIehtufa

eKBuMGaceFIBMbTl'EdnNa[biTC^tsUnQwgVneLIy
xagK~a .

rvagbeTsC^t

etIbeTskmCaeyIg EdlmanlkN:CaEdkTnab'mYytUc GacTTg'

Tb'Tl'nwgjjrFM@ dl'eTABIrEdlFak'mkelIxnBm@ K~aVneT k~gGnaKt

xagmuxenH ? vaCakarBitNas'eTAehIy, edImInwgGacTSTVn luHtaEtEdk
Tnab'enH tveKbEnmsTab'Edk[Vnkas'mSCagmuneTIbVn .
m"ageTot

cMeJHkrNIesomenHeTotesat

ebIsinCabeTsenHGac

sMercedayeCaKC&yxagkarBgkkmSgesdkicVn enaHCakarbesIrehIy .

EtebIpyeTAv^j, etInwgmankaredaHsayNaeTot ? cas'CaG~kdwknSesom

enHnwgecalEP~kjy@ mkelI EdndId*manCCatinextVt'dMbg nigvalTMnabnbwg

Tensab EdlsmreTAedaytIsac' nigsUvGgrminxaneLIy . cuHebIeKXubXitCa

mYyCnCatiyYneTot edImIEbgEckEpndIeyIg, dUcenAstvtr_TI 19 naq~S

1840 etIeyIgnwgQmmuxTb'Tl'nwgKemagkarGkuslenHtamv^FINa ?

X
X

50

esckIbJb'
TSgGs'enH, KWKan'EtCakarsn~idan karbDit EdlCalTplnVCa
nwgkaryl'Etb"ueNaH minTan'manCakarBitnbvtisasenaHeLIy . Et, etI
nrNaeLIyEdlGachanGHGagfa k~gGnaKt, karbDitenHminGackayCa
dac'xat eTACakarBitk~gbvtisasVn ? bvtisasGac[emeronpg min

[emeronpgcMeJHeyIgral'K~a . GnaKtkalKWCarUgggwtmYyEdleKtmv[

eyIgcUleTAk~g

edaytbEkkVneLIy

EtebIeyIgdwgmunfarUgenHmanPin

PaKy"agem"c@ xHehIy, eyIgk*GacbugebobxneyIgVnecInEdr edImIQm

muxnwgyfaehtuKb'y"ag .

ehtudUcVnGFibayedayts@

BIxagelIenH

eyIgGacsnteday

mankarPan'cLMCaGbbrmafa cMeJHGnaKtkalnbeTskmCaeyIg, nay

eCgemXeNaH suTEtbkbeTAedayduMBBkexA@ ecInCaGenk kmSgnkarsgt'sg^n

xagpvesdkicCamYyK~anwgpvbNaCn

KMramkMEhgmYyy"agFMtebobpwmVn

nigpvneyaVyEfmeTotpg

EdlbeTseyIgtvEtTTYlrgeKaH

BIsMNak'nGnaKtbeTsC^txageyIg .
k~glknik:EbbenH,

Cakar

maKaEdleyIgtvedIr

KWeyIgtvmankatBkicCa

bzm erobcMesdkicCatieyIg[edIrelOnTan'sm&yniym, eFIesdkicenH[rIk

cMerInCaGtibrma

edImIGac[mankmSgKb'Kan'

kmSgsgt'sg^nBIG~kC^txageyIg

Cv^teyIgmanTMhMy"agtUcbMput .

GacQmmuxTb'Tl'Vnnwg

edayeFI[karKMramkMEhgdl'karKg'vg

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srGa, 7emsa2008