FQ UNAM - Alejandro Baeza

____________________________________________________

2007

Capacidad amortiguadora de los sistemas nivelados H+/H2O/OH__________________________________________________________________

[H ] =
+

d H
C A

[H ] = 10
+

]=

pH

dpH
= (10 pH ) 2.3
+
dH

[ ]

[ ]

dC A dC A d H +
=
= 2.3 H +
dpH d H + dpH

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

dC A
= = 2.3 H +
dpH

----------------------------------------------------

[ ][

K w = H + OH

K
K
[H ] = [OH
=
] C
+

[ ]

log H + = 14 log CB

[ ]

log H = pH = 14 + log CB
dpH 0.43
=
dCB
CB

dCB
= = 2.3CB = 2.3 OH
dpH
-----------------------------------------------

= 2.3([H + ] + [OH ])
= 2.3(10 pH + 1014 + pH )
_______________________________

2007

FQ UNAM - Alejandro Baeza

____________________________________________________

capacidad buffer H2O

2.5
2

1.5
1
0.5
0
0

10

12

14

pH

___________________________________________________
Capacidad amortiguadora de los sistemas no-nivelados HA/A

[H ][A ]
Ka =
+

[HA]

[H ]C
+

Ka =

Co C B

[ ]

Ka (Co CB ) = H + CB

[ ]

KaCo KaC B = H + CB

[H ]C
+

[ ]

+ KaC B = C B (Ka + H + ) = KaCo

CB =

KaCo
(Ka + H +

[ ])

dC B
KaCo
=
+
dH
Ka + H +

[ ]

dCB
dC B
= =
+
dpH
d H

[ ]

[ ] =

d H +

dpH

[ ])

KaCo

+
Ka + H

[ ])

2 .3 H +

[ ])

2007

FQ UNAM - Alejandro Baeza

____________________________________________________

[ ]
[ ])

dCB
2.3KaCo H +
= =
2
dpH
Ka + H +

[ ] + [OH ]
[[ ]])

dCB
KaCo H +
= = 2 .3 H + +
dpH
Ka + H +

[ ]

capacidad buffer HA/A

0.08
0.07
0.06

0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
0

10

11

12

13

14

pH

_____________________________________________________________
Capacidad amortiguadora de los sistemas nivelados poliprticos: HiA:

[ ]
[ ]

dCB
KaiCo H +

= = 2.3 H + + in=1
+
[
OH

]
+ 2

dpH
(Kai + H )

[ ]

__________________________________________________________
Caso del biftalato de potasio:

]
]

n=2
(nagr / Vo
Kai 10 pH

= = 2.3Co
pH
i =1 Kai + 10
pH

= 2.3(0.2M )

10

10 6.4 pH
6.4

+ 10 pH

] [10
2

10 10.3 pH
10.3

+ 10 pH

+ 10 pH + 10 14+ pH
2

] [

2007

FQ UNAM - Alejandro Baeza

____________________________________________________
buffer capacity Biphtalate
0.25
0.2
0.15

0.1
0.05
0
0

10

12

14

pH

_____________________________________________________
Capacidad amortiguadora del Pb2+/Pb(OH)2

[H ]
Ka =

[Pb ]
2+

[H ]
+

Ka =

= 1013

[H ]

1
Co C B
2

Co 0.5CB

[ ]

KaCo 0.5KaCB = H

[ ] = 0.5KaC
KaCo [H ]
=

KaCo H

CB

0.5Ka

[ ]

9.2 H +
dCB
=

+
Ka
d H

[ ]

2007

FQ UNAM - Alejandro Baeza

____________________________________________________
1

0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0

10

11

12

13

14

pH

1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0

beta

10

11

12

13

14

pH

beta heterg

0.5
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
1.5

2.5

3.5

4.5

5.5

6.5

7.5

8.5

9.5

10.5

11.5

12.5