Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Underbalanced Drilling (UBD) is a procedure used to drill oil and gas wells where the pressure in the wellbore is kept lower than
-WIKIPEDIA
.means to maintain a lower annular borehole pressure than the resident (formation) pore-pressure.
OBD
UBD
Lost circulation ... Faster Drilling Reduce Reservoir Damage No Differential Sticking Prod. Improve Evaluation
Advantages
Eliminated formation damage Increased Rate of Penetration Reduction of lost circulation Differential sticking is eliminated
Disadvantages
Technically the well is always in a blowout condition. Because air is compressible mud pulse telemetry measurement while drilling (MWD) tools which require an incompressible fluid can not work. Corrosion is also a problem, but can be largely avoided using a coating oil or rust inhibitors.
Conventional Mud Pulse MWD is Ineffective when compressible fluids are used. Insufficient cuttings removal from the wellbore
Rig crews may be unfamiliar with underbalanced drilling procedures. Increased Daily Costs Due to Additional Equipment and Personnel
Horizontal Wells
Filtrate invasion is a concern in horizontal wells where the reservoir is exposed to damaging drilling fluids for a longer period of time. Underbalanced drilling can keep formation impairment to a minimum because drilling fluids are not forced by hydrostatic pressure into the target formation.
Nitrogen Drilling
The major advantage over air is that mixtures of nitrogen and hydrocarbon gases are not flammable.
Mist Drilling
Mist drilling is a modification of dry air drilling that is utilized when water producing zones are encountered. In mist drilling, a small quantity of water containing foaming agent is injected into the gas stream at the surface.
Foam Drilling
Stable Foam Drilling
Stable foam drilling systems are produced by injecting water into the air stream containing 1% to 2% foaming agent by volume @ injection pressure.
UBD Techniques
The Most Common Way To Achieve Underbalanced And Still Keep All The Advantages Of Mud(additives) As The High Viscosity And High Yield Strength, Is To Use A Multiphase Flow Drilling Fluid. Three methods for gasifying the drilling fluid are:
1.Gas injection through standpipe. 2.Gas injection through parasitic string. 3.Gas injection through parasitic liner.
UBD Techniques In Gas Injection Through Standpipe I. Bottom hole pressure planning. II. Connection and tripping. III. Connections made step by step. IV. Open or closed annulus. V. Initiating UBD. VI. Jet sub application.