(REDD)

:
(22/12)
:
.

, 2013

............................................................................................................................. i
I

............................................................................................................................. 1

II ........................................................................... 3
2.1 ................................................................................................................. 3
2.2 ................................................................................................. 3
III REDD- ........................................................................................................ 4
3.1 ........................................................................................ 4
3.2 REDD- .............................................................................................. 4
3.3 REDD- ................................................................................................... 5
3.4 REDD (-REDD) ............................................................... 6

IV REDD ........................................................................................... 8
4.1 REDD+ ...................................................... 8
4.2 UN-REDD ...................................................................................... 14

V ............................................................................................................... 17
........................................................................................................ 18

,
,
.
.
(),
,
1999.
(United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change-UNFCC). , UNFCC

.
- 1997. ,
.1
(Reducing Emissions
from Deforestation and Degradation - REDD),
18% ,
5,8 .
.

.2
, ,
60% 3,
. ,

United Nations, Climate Change, United Nations, http://www.un.org/en/globalissues/climatechange/

( 1. 2013. ).
2
Carbon Planet, The History of REDD Policy (2009), United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change,
http://unfccc.int/files/methods_science/redd/submissions/application/pdf/redd_20091216_carbon_planet_the_his
tory_of_redd_carbon_planet.pdf( 1. 2013. ).
3
UN-REDD Programme, UN-REDD in Indonesia, UN-REDD Programme, http://www.unredd.org/UNREDDProgramme/CountryActions/Indonesia/tabid/987/language/enUS/Default.aspx( 1. 2013. ).

. World Wild Life

.4
,
. ,
. REDD
.

World Wild Life, Deforestation,

( 1. 2013. ).

World

Wild

Life,

http://worldwildlife.org/threats/deforestation,

II

2.1

REDD-

REDD- .
, REDD

, .
, REDD
REDD- ,
, , . ,
REDD- ,
.

2.2

, REDD .
, .
, ,
, . ,
.5

Harvard
University,
Research
Methods,
Harvard
http://isites.harvard.edu/fs/docs/icb.topic851950.files/Research%20Methods_Some%20Notes.pdf
( 1. 2013. ).

University,

III
REDD-

3.1

, ,

, , , ., 20%
,
.
,
()
.
, .6

3.2

REDD-
REDD

,
. REDD-,
"REDD +"
, .7
, REDD REDD+.
REDD
REDD-. REDD-

REDD-. , ,
,
, . 30
REDD+
.8
6

UN-REDD
Programme,
About
REDD+,
UN-REDD
Programme,
http://www.unredd.org/aboutredd/tabid/582/default.aspx( 1. 2013. ).
7
Ibid.
8
REDD-Indonesia, REDD, apakahitu?,Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kehutanan Kementerian
Kehutanan
Republik
Indonesia,
http://www.reddindonesia.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=180&Itemid=68( 1. 2013.
).

 ,
REDD- .
REDD- .

3.3

REDD-
REDD- 13. UNFCC- (13.

COP 13) 2007. . ,

REDD- -, 2 3:
Article 2
Each Party included in Annex I, in achieving its quantified emission limitation
and reduction commitments in order to promote sustainable development, shall:
(a) Implement and/or further elaborate policies and measures in accordance with
its national circumstances, such as: (ii) Protection and enhancement of sinks and
reservoirs of greenhouse gases, promotion of sustainable forest management
practices, afforestation and reforestation; (iii) Promotion of sustainable forms of
agriculture in light of climate change considerations;
Article 3
The net changes in greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks
resulting from direct human-induced land-use change and forestry activities,
limited to afforestation, reforestation and deforestation since 1990, measured as
verifiable changes in carbon stocks in each commitment period, shall be used to
meet the commitments under this Article of each Party included in Annex I. The
greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks associated with those
activities shall be reported in a transparent and verifiable manner.
REDD-
:
Policy approaches and positive incentives on issues relating to reducing
emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries; and
the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of
forest carbon stocks in developing countries
:
All Parties should collectively aim at halting forest cover loss in developing
countries by 2030 at the latest and reducing gross deforestation in developing
countries by at least 50 per cent by 2020 compared to current levels.
, , 5 REDD-
, : 1) - REDD-; 2)
, ; 3) ; 4)
; 5) - REDD .

 Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA)

2008. , , ,
, REDD,
REDD+.REDD 2009.
, ( )
( ).9
REDD 15. COP ,
, - (legally binding
obligation), . REDD
, .10

3.4

REDD (UN-REDD)
- ,

REDD-
, .
-REDD
(REDD) .
2008.
(Food and Agriculture
Organization), (United Nations Development
Programme) (United Nations
Environment Programme). UN-REDD REDD +
,
- ,
REDD+.
REDD+ 46
, , ( ) ,
: (1)
-REDD (2) REDD+
, , , ,

Carbon Planet, loc. cit.

Chris Lang, What Came out of Copenhagen on REDD, REDD Monitor, 22nd of december 2009,
http://www.redd-monitor.org/2009/12/22/what-came-out-of-copenhagen-on-redd/ ( 1. 2013.
).
10

 UN-REDD. 2012. ,
$117,6 .11
UN-REDD
, , . , $ 118,9
, 99 UN-REDD
, .12
( +20),
, REDD-.
REDD-
.13
REDD
. ,

.

11

UN-REDD Programme, About the UN-REDD Programme, UN-REDD Programme, http://www.unredd.org/AboutUN-REDDProgramme/tabid/102613/Default.aspx ( 1. 2013. ).
12
UN-REDD Programme, UN-REDD Programme Donors, UN-REDD Programme, http://www.unredd.org/Donors_and_Partners/tabid/102612/Default.aspx ( 1. 2013. ).
13
Chris Lang,Rio +20 has nothing to say on REDD (and not much on anything else), REDD Monitor, 21st of
June 2012, http://www.redd-monitor.org/2012/06/21/rio-20-has-nothing-to-say-on-redd-and-not-much-onanything-else/ ( 1. 2013. ).

IV
REDD

4.1

REDD+
60% ,

.
,
.
,
. , 2003.
2006. , 1,17
.
, 132 ( ,
, 168 ).14
, .
, REDD
, . ,
,
REDD-
.
,
20,
. 26%
(Business as Usual - BAU) 2020.
, 41%
. , 7%
.15
,
.

14

UN-REDD Programme, UN-REDD in Indonesia, loc. cit.

Satgas REDD+, REDD+ dan Satgas REDD+: Sebuah Pengantar, Satgas REDD+
http://www.satgasreddplus.org/download/Booklet.Satgas.REDD+.pdf ( 1. 2013. ).
15

REDD- . (Letter
of Intent LoI) 2010. REDD+- .16

je e
-,
REDD . ,

UNFCC- .17 REDD+
REDD
.
.
LoI , , ,
,
.

,
: 1) ,
REDD+, 2)
REDD+ .
: 1)
( ) UNFCC REDD-; 2)

, ,
; 3) ,
,

--;

4)

, ; 5) ; 6)
REDD+; 7) ,
REDD+ .

16

The Government of the Republic of Indonesia and the Government of the Kingdom of Norway, Letter of
Intent Between the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and the Government of the Kingdom of Norway
on Cooperation on Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation, Satgas
REDD+, http://www.satgasreddplus.org/download/100526%20LoI%20Norway%20and%20Indonesia-REZ.pdf
( 1. 2013. ).
17
Satgas REDD+, loc. cit.


3-4 . 1 , 2 3
.
1, , : 1) REDD+
; 2)

REDD+; 3)
, ; 4)

; 5)
REDD+.
2, , 2011. 2013. (
) : , ,
; REDD+.
j
, :
;
; ;
( ).
e . 1
enabling policies and measures,
.
, 3, ,
2014. ,
- UNFCC. ,


1.
LoI,
.
. .

10

 ,
. .18
REDD ,
19 2010.
REDD+ je 2011. .
REDD+
, 10, 2011.

,
REDD+ . ,
23, 2011.
2012. .
REDD+ ,
: , REDD+;
; REDD+.
REDD+ ,
: (2011-2013. )
26 41% 2020. ; (2013-2020. )
; (2020-2030.
) - - 2030.
.
, REDD+ 10
REDD+,

, ,
, ,
, ,
,
, mainstreaming REDD+
.19

18
19

The Government of the Republic of Indonesia and the Government of the Kingdom of Norway, loc. cit.
Satgas REDD+, loc. cit.

11

 1- REDD+

, ,
, ,
REDD+. 44
14 .
j
.
, , .20

250 ,
, 5-19
.21
. :
( , CARE, BOS, Wetlands
International), :
(Starling Resources), (RARE, YAYORIN,

20

REDD-Indonesia, Proyek Percontohan, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kehutanan Kementerian

http://www.reddKehutanan
Republik
Indonesia,
indonesia.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=205&Itemid=57 ( 1. 2013.
).
21
Satgas REDD+, loc. cit.

12

Clinton Foundation), REDD (WWF),

(WWF, Infinite Earth, Orangutan Foundation International).22
(), REDD+ ,
,
REDD+ LoI. ,
: ,
120 , ,
, ,
( inter cropping), ,
,
.23
REDD+
,
REDD+
. , :
P.20/Menhut-II/2013 , 61, 2012.
,
P.15/VII-PKH/2012 ,
No. P. 20/Menhut-II/2012
, P.21/Menhut-II/2013
, 60, 2012.
, No. P.3/VI-Set/2010
, .24
,

.

22

REDD-Indonesia, loc. cit.

Sekber
REDD+,
Informasi
Proyek,
Volume
2,
April
2013,
Satgas
REDD+
http://www.satgasreddplus.org/download/INFO%20Proyek%20Masyarakat%20Sekber%20REDD+%20Kalteng
_April%202013%20(low%20res).pdf ( 1. 2013. ).
24
REDD-Indonesia, Regulasi Nasional, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kehutanan Kementerian
Kehutanan Republik Indonesia, http://www.reddindonesia.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=section&layout=blog&id=5&Itemid=59, (
1. 2013. ).
23

13

 REDD+ ,

.
,

REDD REDD .

4.2

UN-REDD
UN-REDD

2012. . 2009. ,
, , ,

, , - REDD +
. .

. ,
REDD+ . UNEP
2012.
,
REDD +.25
,
2010. 2012. .
:
1.

, ,
, , REDD
( );
2.

: ( FAO),
, ,
( , ,
, , );

25

UN-REDD Programme, UN-REDD in Indonesia, loc. cit.

14

3.

( ): ,
, ,
, , allometric equation, REL-
(reference emission level ), ;

4.

: ,
;

5.

:
, , ,
, REL-a, REDD+ (costbenefit analysis),
REDD+,
;

6.

REDD+, ,
, ,
, REDD+
, REDD+,
- ;
7.

: REDD+ (
), (policy recommendation), ,
(roadmap), ;

8.

: ,
REDD+;

9.

: FPIC (Free, Prior and

Informed Consent), .26

UN-REDD-
REDD+.
-,
REDD+ UNREDD-. UN-REDD-
26

UN-REDD Programme, Key Results and Achievements Programme in Indonesia, UN-REDD

http://www.un-redd.org/Key_results_achievements_Indonesia/tabid/106623/Default.aspx
Programme,
( 1. 2013. ).

15

 REDD+ , -
,
UN-REDD .
REDD+,
-,
2013.

.
()
REDD+ ,

, .
REDD+
. 2013.
REDD+ . ,
REDD+ .

16

, , REDD .
,

. REDD+ REDD
,
,
REDD
.
, REDD-
, -
REDD- .
REDD .


.
-,
.

() .
,
REDD
. ,
2014.
. REDD+

.
,
26 41
17

 ,
.
REDD ,

.
. ,
, ,
.

18

Carbon Planet. The History of REDD Policy (2009). United Nations Framework
Convention

on

Climate

Change.

http://unfccc.int/files/methods_science/redd/submissions/application/pdf/redd_200912
16_carbon_planet_the_history_of_redd_carbon_planet.pdf ( 1.
2013. ).
Harvard

University.

Research

Methods.

Harvard

University.

http://isites.harvard.edu/fs/docs/icb.topic851950.files/Research%20Methods_Some%
20Notes.pdf ( 1. 2013. ).
Lang, Chris. What Came out of Copenhagen on REDD. REDD Monitor, 22nd of december
2009.

http://www.redd-monitor.org/2009/12/22/what-came-out-of-copenhagen-on-

redd/ ( 1. 2013. ).
--- Rio +20 has nothing to say on REDD (and not much on anything else). REDD Monitor,
21st of June 2012. http://www.redd-monitor.org/2012/06/21/rio-20-has-nothing-tosay-on-redd-and-not-much-on-anything-else/ ( 1. 2013. ).
REDD-Indonesia, Proyek Percontohan. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kehutanan
Kementerian

Kehutanan

Republik

http://www.redd-

Indonesia,

indonesia.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=205&Itemid=57(
1. 2013. ).
--- REDD, apakah itu?. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kehutanan Kementerian
Kehutanan

Republik

Indonesia.

http://www.redd-

indonesia.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=180&Itemid=68
( 1. 2013. ).
--- Regulasi Nasional. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kehutanan Kementerian
Kehutanan

Republik

Indonesia,

http://www.redd-

indonesia.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=section&layout=blog&id=5&Ite
mid=59. ( 1. 2013. ).
Satgas

REDD+.

REDD+

dan

Satgas

REDD+:

Sebuah

Pengantar.

http://www.satgasreddplus.org/download/Booklet.Satgas.REDD+.pdf (
1. 2013. ).
Sekber

REDD+.

Informasi

Proyek,

Volume

2,

April

2013.

Satgas

REDD+

http://www.satgasreddplus.org/download/INFO%20Proyek%20Masyarakat%20Sekbe
19

r%20REDD+%20Kalteng_April%202013%20(low%20res).pdf

1.

2013. ).
The Government of the Republic of Indonesia and the Government of the Kingdom of
Norway. Letter of Intent Between the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and
the Government of the Kingdom of Norway on Cooperation on Reducing
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation. Satgas
REDD+.
http://www.satgasreddplus.org/download/100526%20LoI%20Norway%20and%20Ind
onesia-REZ.pdf ( 1. 2013. ).
United

Nations.

Climate

Change.

United

Nations.

http://www.un.org/en/globalissues/climatechange/ ( 1. 2013.
).
UN-REDD Programme. About REDD+. UN-REDD Programme. http://www.unredd.org/aboutredd/tabid/582/default.aspx ( 1. 2013. ).
---

About

the

UN-REDD

Programme.

UN-REDD

Programme.

http://www.un-

redd.org/AboutUN-REDDProgramme/tabid/102613/Default.aspx ( 1.
2013. ).
--- Key Results and Achievements Programme in Indonesia. UN-REDD Programme.
http://www.unredd.org/Key_results_achievements_Indonesia/tabid/106623/Default.aspx
( 1. 2013. ).
---

UN-REDD

in

Indonesia.

UN-REDD

Programme.

http://www.un-

redd.org/UNREDDProgramme/CountryActions/Indonesia/tabid/987/language/enUS/Default.aspx ( 1. 2013. ).
---

UN-REDD

Programme

Donors.

UN-REDD

Programme.

http://www.un-

redd.org/Donors_and_Partners/tabid/102612/Default.aspx ( 1.
2013. ).
World

Wild

Life.

Deforestation.

World

Wild

Life.

http://worldwildlife.org/threats/deforestation, ( 1. 2013. ).

20