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()

Special Types of Concrete

-1
-2
-3
( ) -4

Plain Concrete
Reinforced Concrete
Prestressed Concrete
Precast Concrete

-5
-6
-7
-8

High Strength Concrete

Fibrous Concrete
Self-Compacting Concrete
Polymer Concrete

( ) -9
-10
-11
-12

Shotcrete
Light-Weight Concrete
Heavy-Weight Concrete
Mass Concrete

-13
-14
-15
-16
-17

Prepacked Concrete
Gap Concrete
Architectural Concrete
Nailing Concrete
Sulfur Concrete

Plain Concrete

_____________________________

.
/ .


.

Reinforced Concrete
___________________________________

.
.
Equilibrium Compatibility
.
. ) (-
.

a/2

0.67 fc

c = 0.003

t d

) (- .

 /.

Prestressed Concrete

__________________________________

)(
.
/
.
Tendons Wires
Strands .Bars
.
.
:

Pre-tension

.
) (


) .(-

.

Post-tension

) (
) .(-
.

.
.

- -


.

w t/m

E
L
L

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? = L

fc2

fc1
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= 1

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= 1

fc3

ft 1

) (- .

Anchor

Cables

) (- .

 /.

- ) ( Precast Concrete
_____________________________________

.
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-
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.

.

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) (- .

) (



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) (

) (- .

 /.

High Strength Concrete

____________________________________________

/ /

)/ (
Superplasticizers
)
( . Silica fume
.


.

: 1-5-3

-

. )
( %
.
-

.
- .
/ : )
( .
.
- Silica fume


.
.% %
.
- Superplasticizers

.
.

2-5-3

Classical Applications
.
:
*
*
*

High Rise Buildings

Bridges
Offshore Structures

) (-
. "
" Non-Classical Applications :
*

High Early Strength

*
*
*
*

Arch Girder
Improving Stiffness
Screwing Piles
Nuclear Power Plants

Underground Concrete Pipes

Pavements

:
High Strength Concrete
High Performance Concrete
.


.
.
.

 /.

Arch Girder

) (- .

3-5-3

.

.

.
. .

) (
) ( :
-
.
/ %
/
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% %
/ / / ) -
.(-
-

% /
.
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) .(-
- .

 /.

) (- .

72%

45%

60

Reduction
61

55

80

72

60

54

37

40

100

40

28
20

20

0
1000

500

750

250

- /

) (- .

100 100

100
80

.

/
/ .%
fc1 =250 -- kg/cm2

fc1

fc1

30x130 --- 14 19
Cross-Section Area = 100%

*********
fc2 =500 -- kg/cm2

fc2>fc1

fc1
30x70 --- 10 16
Cross-Section Area = 54%

*********
fc3 =750 -- kg/cm2

fc3>fc2

fc1

30x48 --- 8 16
Cross-Section Area = 37%

*********
fc4>fc3

fc1

fc4 =1000 -- kg/cm2

30x36 --- 6 16
Cross-Section Area = 28%

) (- .

 /.

. :
-
.

.%
-
.

% ) (-
.
-
.
%
) (- %
. .%
-
.
.
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.
.
-
) (- .

fc1< 300 kg/cm2

fc2> 550 kg/cm2

3.82
3.06

3
2.29
2

2
1

1.53
1

3
fc2
fc1

) (- .

fc1< 300 kg/cm2

fc2> 550 kg/cm2

0.78

0.8

0.64

0.55

0.6

0.50

d2
d1

0.4

0.2

fc2
fc1

) (- .

 /.

fc1< 300 kg/cm2

fc2> 550 kg/cm2

4.05

5
4

3.24

2.43
1.62

Mfl2
fl1

2
1
0

fc2
fc1

) (- .

) (- .

: 4-5-3
- / -) (.
-
Deflection .Deformation
- Durability .
- ) (
.
- - -
Strength / unit Cost Strength / unit volume - Strength / unit
weight

/
/

/ /

//.
//.

/ //.
/ //.

/ //.
/ //.

Brittleness

.
.

 /.

Fiber Concrete

______________________________

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Dangerous
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Toughness
Deflection

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 /.

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Self-Compacting Concrete
________________________________

: 1-7-3

Deformability Stability
Filling Capacity
.

) (
.
.
.


.
.
.

: 2-7-3
High Deformability :

:
- --- /
.
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 /.

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:
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Blockage

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: 3-7-3
- .
- .
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-
.
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- .
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: TMWMS



:
Slump Flow -1

.
.
.
V-Funnel Test -2

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.
Filling Capacity -3

.
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.%
Surface Settlement -4

.
.
.

 /.

515 mm

75
450 mm
2
1
Outlet
gate

225

65

150

225

) (-

V-Funnel Test

Placement
250
35 16 mm

650
300 mm

250
h

7x50=350

150

500 mm

) (-

Filling Capacity Test

- )

( Shotcrete

________________________________________

) (
. Repair
Tunnels


.

. .
.


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(
. .

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Accelerators
.


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 /.

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(
&

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Polymer-Concrete
__________________________

.

.
% Polyester
Epoxy -
:
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.
.
/
/

:
Plastic Concrete
)(PC
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Polymer Cement Concrete
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_________________________
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Lightweight Concrete

_____________________________________

) / (

Own weight .
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Finless Concrete

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Heavy Weight Concrete

_______________________________

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Prepacked Concrete
.
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Mass Concrete

_________________________

.
.
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. .
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.

*******