Atoms and other Building

Blocks of Matter
by Dr H - W Winter

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Atomic Theory
 An atom is an incredibly small
building block of matter.

 Atoms are so small that we cannot see

them, even with the best microscopes in
the world.
But, having said that ………

ATOMS ARE EVERYWHERE

Name 3 substances that are made of atoms

How Many Atoms?
Roughly how many atoms do you think there are
in a teaspoon of sulfur (about 5g)?

100000 000000 000000 000000

(or about 1023)

• There are over 100 different types of atoms.

• Each one forms a different chemical element.
• These elements are listed in the periodic table.
Atoms can now be “seen”
using special technology

Image of individual atoms in Mica

(Image courtesy of Veeco Instruments Inc http://www.veeco.com)
Two Examples of Atoms
The Hydrogen Atom The Carbon Atom

electron

protons &
proton
neutrons

electrons
Atoms are made from sub-atomic particles

1. Protons (+ electric charge), p

2. Electrons (– electric charge), e
3. Neutrons (no charge), n

Protons and neutrons have about the same mass.

Electrons have about 2000 times less mass than protons.
Electrical Forces produce an attraction between the
electrons and the protons in the nucleus. This is because
they are oppositely charged.
Table of Sub-Atomic Particles

Mass Charge
(mass on Where
Name units) Particle found Symbol

Proton 1 + Nucleus p+

Electron
Electron 1/2000 - e-
shells

Neutron 1 0 Nucleus no

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ScP034 – Atoms PowerPoint