486 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF INDIAN PHILOSOPHIES
down in Avodhys and accept lifelong royal support. Vasuband
accepted the ofer..The master was creativeeven athisadvanced age,
and more chan a match for Vasursta, the Young King’s grammar
Drotheri- law nis favote spor of debate. But. debate wa to him
mainly upaya: if could lead t0 no one's interest in Maayan, he
‘would not engage int. Thus, when Sanghabhadea whe had writen
his two great treatises, one of which furious denunciation of the
ofa Bhsya, challenged Vasubandhu to defend the Koda statements,
and was invited to come to court and debate bythe alos Vasu
‘Vasubandhu tld his ppis that e could see no good reason for such
a debate, bu diplomatcally sent the ofl answer the Saghabhadra
Would indeed. be hard to defeat.The debate never 100k
place..Saighabhadra in fcr died shor after”
“Vasubandhu did not long survive Sanghabhadra nthe elghtith
year hislife, 396, be ded.”
‘Over thiry works are atibuted to Vasubandha by tradition for
‘which we have no special reason o doubt his authorship. A good many
ofthese are commentaries on Mahayana suas and Sstas, most of
‘hem avallable now only in Chinese or Tibetan translations fatal. In
‘Keeping with the puraive chronology provided by Anacker’ account
Just provided, we shall place the Abhidharma works previous o those
‘Mayana stra, andthe remaining, Yogicira works atthe end, with
‘he Thsvabhavanidefaastin keeping with Anackers estimate
173. VASUBANDHU, Abhidharmakosa
“The Kola was fist known to men readers in two Chinese
seasons, one by Paamarta ta the sich century, te her By
Hsan-sang inthe seventh Tere are ala ewe Tibetan anslaons,
ney Sinaia he eb ra, dang one inh
cenmy- Rahul Sankryayana acovered te Sank ext Norn
‘Tibet in 1995 and made Feros thse ae the bas ete
recent edons Laie de a Vallee Poussin wanted san,
Chines into French and there re various paral amlatons fa
ts surary "references ae wt eon by Swart Dwadar
‘Shas whereas “T= relerences ate to ao Made four vate
Bagi ean of oust. ep, numbed
comers
‘Summary by Stefan Anacker
(CHAPTER ONE: Realms
1. (64; 786 Homage he Boa, who dey al ines.
Eiei-15; 150) Aiba i dln ar pore wndom with
accompaniments aya bead forimpete wom orev oF
reuses whieh renin pre wisdom
Gn, TS) Te only way to ly eth defilement hat cause
worl wandering ito ive the factor, and 118 fr this
Invesiaton the Buddha aug Dida.
"fee; Tos) Al condoned fcr xcept hose of he ath are
contaminsang berms dfiement aden them
cE 19,129) Teter unconone aor-apaceclelated
and unaiclated can ae noncntariatn
(22022 79.60 Caled cemaonsare separate dishncions
Unealelted estan it complete end arsng
"(5 5, TD Cononed cis can abe bed under the
five aggregates Ty re tempora te objets scours ens nd
involte aaa objets
(28 29, T6869) Contaminnng factors re ring aes.
‘here bra beng tustang oognaing wordy he ope of
pions extent
*. (E30; T63) Material form comprises the five sense-organs, five
ves and unmanestonn Telia earner of ese ae
soberaten, inal ete
To. 3, Tot 8) There are two (or wen) materi base.
Sounds are etl, tose sil, tel fool, nd tangles are
sfeleven sor
TH0; 167) Unmanfest mae form occurs in sees
dependent onthe great elements whichis distracted or unaware
4Unmanifest form is used to explain the karmie veubution of
‘one who hat instigated an acon. Someone who prompts
fomeone else to murder engenders an uamanifest form of karma,
‘soon as he prompts; the unmanifet form "comes ro maturity”
‘when the other person actually commis the murder.488 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF INDIAN HULOSOPETES
12,643; 168.69) The great
fire and wind. They function espe
heading and motion,
13,43; T6) As commonly used "ean, "water, "ire and wind”
refer to colorsand shapes
14.(647-48; 772) Feelings are experiencings. Conceptual
‘eniications ae the grasping of signs.
15.(E48-50; 773) The aggregates of feelings, identifications, and
conditioning factors, together with unmaniest form and the
unconditioned factors, belong “to the sense bass of factors
(dharmayetana), te eal offers
16.0850; T74) Consciousness is the awareness of something
‘manifesting @rarvfigt). is the mental organ; itis seven element,
seconsciousheses plus mind,
17.(851; 775) The term ind” (mana is used for any occurence
ofthe six ype of conscousneses which innately afterands gies
ss to 2 menialconseiousness moment. Eighteen sensory dome ae
‘enumerated support there beg jars types of eonseouanes,
38,0654; 176) allcondiioned factors are included in an aggresate,
sense basis, oran element,
19,55; 17) Vabhaska: Though che organs of sight, hearing, and
selling are double, hey each count as only one sensory.
20.(856-62; 177.80) On the etymology of ‘kha
“dae
21.0864; TBI) Feelings and ientications are designated as
‘evarate aggregates because they are the cases of disp, of saat,
and because of order,
22.(E55-66; T91-83) The unconditioned cant be clasifed under
“aaregates, since they are tha sort of thing. The oer in which the
agaregate rc listed reflects het relative grossnes or mubilcy the
‘efling capacities, and thelr elative range inthe four rele
23.(267 68; T84) The five sensory consciousnesses have objects
which are simultaneously present. The arrangement ofthe sense-hels
has 0 do with the range and rapidity of thei functioning, the eye
having a longer eange and greater rapidity than the eth ea a
24.(869; TAS) Only one sense-feld is called @ material basis
because of is excellence and predominance. Only one sense ‘el i
‘alle a basis of facos" because of watt includes
lal elements ae earth, water,
ly as supporting, amidtying,
ABHIDHARMAKOSA, 489
25-26,(670-72; 186-87) The rest ofthe large numberof factors that
the Buddha refers to fall among either the material or conditioning
'27.(672.765; 787-88) Examples of how other factors can be
clasiied as aggregates, senses and elements,
28.(£77-78; T8889) The element of spac is,
lghe or dark. The consciousness elements con
locust birth,
29a-b.(£79-81; 789-82) Only one material elements visible, Ten
‘material elements are resistant. Fight elements are neutral hose
‘excluding matter and sound),
‘29cd-30, E8187; 792-92) The rest ofthe elements can be of three
sors, good, bad or neutral. All ofthe elements exist inthe realm of
desire fourteen exist inthe material ream (excluding smell ae, the
smell and taste awareness)
31.(657; 795.96) In dhe material ream all the material sensory
domains are absent. In that realm occur the element-the mind
slemen, the mental consciousness element, and the factor element.
‘They ean be contaminating or not.
52.(E88; 796-97) Five awareness elements involv inital and
sustained thought. The mind, mental consciousnes, and the factor
lementsinvolve three afferent combinations of ital and sustained
‘ought. The resto the elements involve no bought
'38.(€89-90; 797) The five awarenesses are constructiontie, not
involving defining and memory. Those two kins of consction ece
any distracted mentality, be it wise oF meron
34.(690.91; 798) Seven elements of awareness plusone partofthe
factorelement have supporting abject. The seven plus the factor
tlement and sounds are never appropriated bya ody The remain
hie sensory domains are sometimes appropriated, sometimes not
'35.(E92-95; 799-101) Among the ten material element, the
tangible element consists, in part ofthe great elements and in parol
‘material form derived from hese great elements. The emaiing ane
‘material elements ae only derivative
'36.(695-96; T102) Four elements can cu or be cut, burn of be
‘burned, weigh or be weighed. There is disgeeement about detalls
'37.(697-99;7109-104) The five interal sense bases are the cele
‘of karmie maturation and grow through nourishment, Sound isnewet
the resuleofkarmle maturation
cording to some,
inating, being the490 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF INDIAN PHILOSOPHIES
38, (£100-103;7105-106) Only one sensory domain grasps realy
the unconditioned (which is par ofthe sensory domain of mental
‘copnitabls), because only itis pemanent.
$9,(E108107; T107-109) Twelve of the sensory elements are
personal-the twelve excluding those sk thar are objects of
‘The sensory clement called "ator element" is homogeneous. The
remaining ones are parally homogeneous
'40.(E109 110; 112-114) Fifteen elements are abandoned in
rmeditational concentration; the last thineen ate of thee kinds.
Undefied and material factors are not abandoned by the pach of
“£1, (E112-114; T113-114) The erm "view" (dst is used forthe
visual organ a well freight views which form pars ofthe factor
“lement The five sensory consciousnesses are aot views, sthereis0|
Jundgmentin tiem made after deliberation,
426115114; T114-115) Valbasika: 1 is the eye which sees
visiles, noe the visual consciousness. For when the visible
‘obstructed, or the ee, teres nothing seen
“43(119.120, 7119) Vaibhisika: The ee, ear, and mind perceive
their objets without coming deel in touch with them, Ths is nor
the case with the other tree organs of sense
"44,(E123-125, 1122-125) The three organs starting with the
‘olfactory gasp an objec of equal ie. The objets ofthe five sensory
‘onsciousnesses occur simultaneously with their consciousnes, But
the mental conscousnessmay have apast, present or furue object of
"45 (E126 127; 7125) Since a consciousness depends both on the
object and the organ, why ionly the organ designated asits suppor?
Because the conciousness changes according to the orga.
"46,(6128-129; 7127-128) There i no inferiority or superiority 35
regards diferent kinds of organs or conscousnesses in the sme
experiential sphere.
"47,2120 131; 1128-129) Sometimes the mental consciousness of
‘apsychophysieal complex may be ina superior experiential sphere
the other consciousnesses-for instance, when itis meditationally
‘concentrated,
'48,(8131-182; 1129-190) Everything perceived by the other
consciousness is diacemed by she mental conscousness. The
ABHIDHARMAKOSA, ao
unconditioned factors (J, 4:5) are eternal, Thee are rweary.1W0
faculties, factors which have a predominance for the psychophysical
complex. They are the faculties of the eye, ear, nose, tongue, tare
body, mind (peaning al six conscoumene), eminiiy, masculiy,
vital, satisfaction frustration, contentedness,jeitation equanimity,
faith, energy, mindfulness, meditation, insight coming ro know what
‘wasn't known, understanding, and perfect knowledge. (Por the
Aefinisions ofthese see Chapter Two.)
(CHAPTER TWO: The Faculties
1.(€195 138;7159-155) Valbhasta: Five faculties predominate in
respect of four things, and fourin respect to wo; ive and eh with
regard ro afftion and purification,
2,(E140; 7155-156) The faculties which ae sense organs are really
predominant in relation roche ive sensory consciousness, andthe
faculty of mind (eE.1, 17) i predominant in regard #0 mental
S.(E141; T1S6-157) Vitaliy, feelings and the five faculties
begining wi ath ae predominant in ating We, fetone
and purifications
‘4(E141; 157) Coming to know what wasn't known,
understanding and pret knowledge predominate in respect
5.(E142; 1158) The faculties ae the loc of awareness and what
concepualze, maintains, fics, prepares and purifies them
6143; T1S9) Alternatively, there are fourteen (positive)
faculies, comprising the loc of ativey an the arising maintenance
ted psig of eo ti et gt ton say
"7145-146; 7150-161) Allthe information regarding thefaculies
Which is provided by U, 7-19, 30, 6061 and IV, 8-127 may be
Alagrammed a5 follows: