Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones

IR Spectrum of Acetone

C=O

IR Spectrum of Acetophenone

C=O

IR Spectrum of Acetaldehyde

Ald. C-H

C=O

IR Spectrum of p-Tolualdehyde

Ald.C-H C-H Ald.

C=O C=O

O CH3CCH3

CH3

O C
CDCl3 (solvent)

H C H C C C H
C

C C

H H

C and C C

CH3 CDCl3 (solvent)

O C

H O CH3C H

H H H

O H C CH3

O CH3CCH3

H O
H H H

H H

CH3

CH3C H H

CH3
H C
H H H

C C H

C C

H H

O H C CH3

Summary of Spectral Features

IR: 1710-1730 cm-1 (C=O stretching frequency) (lower by ~ 20 to 30 cm-1 if C=O is conjugated) aldehydes only: C-H stretch: 2820 & 2720 cm-1

13C-NMR:

both aldehydes and ketones have a characteristic C=O peak at 190-215 d.

aldehydes only: ald. C-H absorbs at 10 d. both aldehydes and ketones have Hs a to C=O at 2.2-2.5 d.

1H-NMR: