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<HTML> <HEAD> The Ancient Civilizations </HEAD> <TITLE>Indus valley civilization</TITLE> <BODY bgcolor="red"> <I> <IMG SRC = "indus.

GIF" ALIGN="RIGHT"> The Indus Valley is one of the world's earliest urban civilizations, along with its contemporarie s, Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. At its peak, the Indus Civilization may have h ad a population of well over five million. nhabitants of the ancient Indus river valley developed new techniques in handicr aft (carnelian products, seal carving) and metallurgy (copper, bronze, lead, and tin). The civilization is noted for its cities built of brick, roadside drainag e system, and multistoried houses. The Indus Valley Civilization is also known as the Harappan Civilization, as the first of its cities to be unearthed was located at Harappa, excavated in the 19 20s in what was at the time the Punjab province of British India (now in Pakista n). Excavation of Harappan sites has been ongoing since 1920, with important breakth roughs occurring as recently as 1999. There were earlier and later cultures, oft en called Early Harappan and Late Harappan, in the same area of the Harappan Civ ilization. The ruins of Harrappa were first described in 1842 by Charles Masson in his Narr ative of Various Journeys in Balochistan, Afghanistan, and the Punjab, where loc als talked of an ancient city extending "thirteen cosses" (about 25 miles), but no archaeological interest would attach to this for nearly a century.The Ear ly Harappan Ravi Phase, named after the nearby Ravi River, lasted from circa 330 0 BCE until 2800 BCE. It is related to the Hakra Phase, identified in the Ghagga r-Hakra River Valley to the west, A sophisticated and technologically advanced urban culture is evident in the Ind us Valley Civilization making them the first urban centres in the region. The qu ality of municipal town planning suggests the knowledge of urban planning </I><br><B>NITA JOHN 10A</B> </BODY> </HTML>

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