Chem 220 Lecture 9 (9/26) Chemical Equilibrium- Ka Kb .

Conjugate Acid/Conjugate Base Pair CH3COOH + CH3NH2 CH3COO+ CH3NH3+

Aceitic acid is an Acid since it donates a proton; the acetate ion is a conjugate base because it can accept a proton to become aceitic acid CH3COOH + H2O CH3COO- + H3O+ Ka = 1.75 x 10-5 CH3COO + H2O CH3COOH + OH- Kb = Kw/Ka = 5.71 x 10-10 Methylamine is a Base because it accepts a proton; methlyammonium ion is a conjugate acid because it can donate a proton to become methylamine CH3NH3+ + OH- Kb = 4.4 x 10-4 CH3NH2 + H2O + CH3NH3 + H2O CH3NH2 + H3O+ Ka = Kw/Kb = 2.3 x 10-11 Therefore, Kw = Ka*Kb Equilibrium and Acid/Base Chemistry 1. Strong Acids and Strong Bases completely dissociate i.e. large K a. [H+] = [HA]before dissociation since HA completely dissociates b. pH = -log[H+] 2. We can write K for weak acids and bases a. [H+] not equal to [HA] b. need to find [H+] with K c. pH = -log[H+] REMEMBER: If you have [H+] and need [OH-] then [OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14/[H+] If you have [OH-] and need [H+] then [H+] = 1.0 x 10-14/[OH-] If you have pH and need [H+] then [H+] = 10-pH If you have pOH and need [OH-] then [OH-] = 10-pOH pH + pOH = 14

Kw = Ka x Kb

Ka = Kw/Kb Kb= Kw/Ka Kw = 1.0 x 10-14

Ka = weak acid; acetic acid; carboxylic acids 1. Weak acid conjugate base + H+ 2. HA + H2O A- + H3O+ + 3. Ka = [A ][H3O ] ; [H+] << [HA] NOTE that for a strong [H+] = [HA] [HA] 4. Brnsted-Lowry Acid = proton donor Kb = weak base; methylamine; amines 1. Weak base + water conjugate acid + OH2. B + H2O BH+ + OH+ 3. Kb = [BH ][OH ] ; [OH] << [B] NOTE that for a strong base [OH-]=[B] [B] 4. Brnsted-Lowry Base = proton acceptor Calculate the pH of a 1.0 M solution of acetic acid. CH3COOH + H2O Start 1 M Change x End 1-x 1.75 x 10-5 = x2 ; 1-x X = 4.2 x 10-3 pH = -log (4.2 x 10-3) =2.37 what is the percent dissociation? x 100% % dissociation = [H3O+] [CH3COOH]before dissociation SAME IDEA FOR A WEAK BASE!!!! = .42 % CH3COO- + H3O+ Ka = 1.75 x 10-5 0 0 +X +X X X x is small so x2 1