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EQNIKH TAMOTHTA

H EQNOTIKH BAIH M E EBNIKHZ TAMOMTAI

Kat tov avrioro~xov h6yov (discours)xou uto0srsi TO i6lo arojm. ' E m q voplpocppoobvq o q v s0v6rq.r~ sivat 6uvar6v va ~pqoylonouq0~i crspyahsiaAv p6001 6noq rou 016ino6oq pnopsi va oplorodv wq supioq a x o 6 s ~ ~ i q K&)) orqv uqpeoia axhrspov U T O ~ I K ~fi V ouhkoyt~hv oupcpsp6vrov, KU6paparl~6q acpqyfiosy xou avacpipovra~ os ysyov6ra rou xapeh06vroq ahhd pioq ax6 U V T U ~ W V ~ A~ i r ~xou K ~i ~ ~ ouv avay~g va ~~vqroxo~fioouv p~{uxqp~rodv odyxpovouq o~oxodq fi Kal pshhovr1~06qoroxouq, r6rs pxoT O U q y6X&<0 ~ 6 U6 KOU ~ T ' T~ ~P~KT~V ' I E P O K E ~ ~ ~ VV Oa U R P O W ~ ~ ~ O O U V 81~65 p0dp&V a xodps xCi& 70 6 0 ~ P 0~ ~ ~ O K 070 E T ER~KEVTPO ~~ ~ ~ ax0 6 75 0Uq A ~ ~ O V &~l8lh{&q orqv xdhq yla q v K U T ~ X ~ rqq W gouoiaq. ~~ CE aurfi rqv ndhq, Gqpocpthsiq Kal xavraxob xap6vrsq av~iorotxouqpd0ouq rqq vsorspl~fiq q s0v6rqra a v a 6 a ~ v d ~ ros a l xp-flo~po ~pyabi0.~ xspt66ou: sou E ~ V ~ K ~ ~ T L K O pd00u. I[) Ksvrpt~fi 0Eov oE aut6v ~arahapDdvc1 Avdpsoa os auriq r y 6lap&~p1~6 avri0srsq ax6\yaq Bpio~ovral ot xpoq 16ia noq r a i0vq U ~ ~ P X O Uax6 V apvqpovsdrov ~pdvov Kal xoq 01 oxaosyyiaaq xou Givouv nsp1oo6tepq kpcpaoq gza I~TOPIK& Kal oupBoh1~61raur6rqraq. Aurfi q V l l p 0 0 ~ ~ 1 K f i 60i rou E ~ V ~ K I O EXOUV ~ O ~ K~WKO va V m acpuxvioouv an6 rov pa~paiovo 7t0hl~loplKd ~ClpaK'ypZo~lKd ~0~0'ClKflq hfi0apy6 rouq yla va ~arahaBouv rq 0Coq xou rouq a v f i ~ pioa s ~ os fvav Exoup u100ozfios~ s6h. H s 0 v o r ~ ~op66a fi sivat iva si6oq x o h ~ r ~ o p l ~ f i q K6~p0 axorshodp~voax6 EBvq. H snlppofi rou EOvouq, oxoq 0a Godps, EV ~olv6qraq xou ~ { a i p e ro ~ p610 rov pd0wv ~arayoyfiq Kal r y lo~opl~iq pipsi ~ ~ K E I T os ~ aurfi I rqv ux6oxsq yla oorqpia xou spnspd~sl q s0vl~vfipsq Kal ~a0iorarat avayvopiolpq Baosl piaq fi nsp~oo6rspovxohlrlKI~TZK acpfiqoq. ~~ 'Opoq q 66vapfirou ouxva auSaverat avuxoMyiora an6 op1~hv Giacpophv 6xm5 q 0pqo~&ia, r a 60lpa, q y h h o a fi 01 Osopoi. np6rq covravfi xapouoia rov napaGoosov, nou svooparhvouv pvfipsq, odpKElTUl yla K O I V ~ T ~ T ROU E ~ &iv~ bll d h cclozop~~iq)): 6x1 C ~ ~ V EOX E ~ T) S 10TO~~ Doha, p d 0 o ~ Kal a{i&q ax6 xohd xpoysvEorspsq EROXE~q q I;ofiq E V ~ S oup ~ ~pvfipq f i Exs1 ouo1cb6q m p a d a yta rq ouvi~sldTOW ahha K a t &7t&l8fi y~s~plpkvou nhq0uopo6, K O ~ V ~ T T ~ Tfi US nsploxfi~. ExopEvoq, ~ a r apxaq ' axordobv K a l 01 i6~sq npol6vra ouy~e~plpkvov loropu~hv Guvdpov K a l xpE7ta va ~~psuvfiooups au~iq a~plbciy r y apo-vswrspt~iq s ~ v o r l ~Tauiq ouvsxhq sival s~rs0s~pivsq orqv toropt~fl ahhayfi Kat 071-1cp0opa. r6rqrsq Kal xapaG6aaq.' CE aur6 ro q w i o 0a f i ~ a v ~pfiapo va Gla~pivoup~ r1q E ~ V O Z ~KaK ~ ~ H ivvola q q <(.&0v6rqraq)) ixsl xpooeh~dowrqv xpooo~fi xohhhv r a zqyopi~q ax6 ry ~ 0 v o n ~ ~ iq o l v d ~ q01 z ~nphrsq ~. siva~ av0phx1vot nhqrshsuraia ~p6vla.Optopivot uxoorqpi(ouv xoq Gla0irsl pla ccapxiyovq)) 0uopoi ot oxoisq 0swpobvra~ -rouXii~lorov ax6 Eva pipoq rov ~ { W T E P I K ~ V xodrqra. nos URUPXE~(TTq ( ~ d ~650 q , ax6 TO XP~VO. XWq 7tp6K~l~al yla xaparqpqrhv- wq (s~oploricxohtrtop~~iq K a l loropl~iqouvopa6hostq. Eva ax6 ra <<6&60pivaw rqq av0phn~vqq 6nap{qq (q axoyq aurfi a x i ~ r q o s 'Opwq or i6to1 01 nhq0uopoi xou opi<oupx ps aur6 rov 7 ~ 6 x 0 ntOav6v va ~dxola uxoorfip~{qnp6ocpa.s~ ax6 rqv ~ o ~ v o v Dlohoyia, t~fi q oxoia 0swpsi pqv i ~ o u v nhfipoq avaxruypkvq auroouvsiGqop xu@ p6vo p a aoacpfi airqv EvraSq orqv s0v6zqm o~ x p o i ~ r a q rov 6la6l~aolhv ysvsn~fiq sxlo0qoq 6 n anorshodv pla {s~oplorfi ouhhoyu~6rqra.' E m ol Todp~ot rqq hoyfiq Kat 'tqq xpooappoor~~fiq ~KUV~~~TU Cro < ) . dhho d ~ p o apio~ovra~ Avaroliaq xplv TO 1900 ayvoorioav os pydho Ba0p6 a ~ 6 p K a a t rqv dnapEKE~VO 710U ~ ~ E O P O ~T V q V ivra{q 0s pla E ~ V O T ~ 0pa6a K ~ ~ W q <(OUYKUP~UK~~M, (q plaq (sxwptarfiq (croup~t~fiq)) rauz6rqraq -6laQ0p~~lKfiS an6 rqv KU6qha6fi 621 ~ i v a(firqpa t o r a q ~a, v r t h f i ~ ~ Kal o v ouvalo0qpa~ov, ra oxoia piap~q 0~6ljUtvlKfi fl TqV U X E P K E ~ ~ E V Tl~haplK$ ) Kat, xbpav rodrou, 0 ~ ~ avay~aon~ sivat d cpeuyahia Kal wrafihqra Kal bacpopoxotodv~at avdho0soporioav au6pa nlo o q p a v r ~ ~ i rq y roxl~iq rouq raur67qrsq, ot oxoisq sonci<ov~av mq ouyyfvsla, 70 ~ o p fi d ~ q xsploxfl v TOW. TO i810 pxopodya p~ rq ~ U ~ K E K P L ~ ~ardoraoq ~VT) TOU U A O K E I ~ ~ V O U xoq . 6x05 ahhd<s~ q aropt~fi ~araoraoq, irol psraaahhsrat K a t q ouhhoy~~fi radrtoq fi, roup EV a ~06p& AWG imus yla T O W C ~ O ~ ~KUTO~KO& K O U ~ T6lV K O ~ ~ & ~ZOV OV hdxlo~ov, xoq o&6laQop&~lK6~ K E P ~ ~ ~ OKUl U CK ~ Z O ax6 6lacpopsn~bq oUVKapna0iov xplv ro 1850, nap6 TO ysyovk 6n G1E0erav K O L V ~ GI&~EKTO I Kal W K Epxopsi ~ va prafihq0si TO ~ 1 6 1 Bapoq ~ 6 TWV xohhaxhhv raurorfirov
Kplrl~fi xapouoiaoq TOU ooqplohoyl~o6 ~ E ~ I E X O ~ ~TOU V OE U~ rie (1960) Kal Breuilly (1982).
V I K ~ ~~ J T~ KedouO ~

Tla pla X E P U J ( I ~ T & ~ E O K T & T @ ~ xapowta~fl a~rhv TOV avtay0~1or1~6v WOQEYy(o&wv, j3)c. ro SOKQLIO TOU Paul Brass oto Taylor and Yapp (1979) Kal A. D .Smith (1986a, KEV. 1).

EONIKH TAMOTHTA

H EONOTlKH BMH T H t EQNIKHI TAYTOTHTM

nthosy s i v a ~ 01 acpqyjosy yla rov 'Opwo rou Pirhi ri rov rouhtihpo TGho Kal rov r~bohsp*, 01 onoisq 6xouv svoopa~oesi orqv ((loropt~fl ouvsi6qoq)) wags EhBsr06. AEVE ~ V U L povo or1 yi)Po anC, rov nupiva rs~pqplopivwv loropl~hv YEYOVOTOV avanrdooovra~p~ suwohia supsiaq ano60xilq Gpapan~65 acpqyj o s y yla TO napQOov ~(unqpsrhvraqa j y ~ p o v o y j pshhovrl~o6q owono65 snlnhiov, 01 ~ l 6 e o nou ~ avacp6povra1 orqv nohtrlwi ~ U ~ K ~ ~ T T rqv ~CTT~, anshsu0Gpoq, TOV ~wnarplopoKat Tqv E K ~ O Y TOU ~ ha06 X ~ ~ O ~ ~ O K O wq IO~V acperqpia r o u ~ ouy~swptpGvatoropuwa ysyovora, r a onoia orq ouvixs~a smvsppqvs6ouv Kal ~navsnsS~pya~ovra~. 0 npooqhunopoq rou BhaGipqpou rou KtbB0~or0 X p t ~ ~ t a ~(988 t o pp.X.) ~ ( ll i6puoq Tq5 Phpqq (753 K.X.) ROPE^ va 0~opodvrat loropl~a ysyovora ahha q oqpaoia rouq Gy~slrat orq 06~6s4 r o w PE Z O U ~epdhouq q q iGpuoqq. Aurq awptphq q oBv6~oqsival nou rouq np006i6~lK O ~ V O V ~Xpqolporqra K~ q y i q rqq nohlzt~~jq ouvmiq.8 IIap6pota, q C T ~ V ~ p& E O pla ~ ~ U Y K E K ~ L ~ EE ~C V( ( ~P ~ K~ +K T U O Kat ~ p&ou~ K E K ~ ~ ~ cono8soiaq V E < 6 ~ sn ~ i o1q ~ p ~ e l ~KaI f i U ~ O K E I ~ E V ~xpola. K T ~ Auro nou 6 ~ oqpaoia ~ 1 yla rqv E ~ V O T I K raljr~oq ~~ sivat n~p~oo6rspo 01 6sopoi ps rq yq Kalot ouvelppoi nou 6 q p l o ~ p y ~ Ki a l hlyorspo TO ysyovoq rqq napapoviq os a u r j j q ~ a r o x rqS. j l l p o ~ ~ l ryla a l TO pbpoq oro onoio a v i ~ o u ps. Zuxva avnnpoowne6s~pua ~ p yq, j rq yq TOV narGpov, TOV V O ~ O ~ E rhv, rwv Baothfov, rov oocphv, rov nolqrhv Kal rwv lspbov pug. 6ha aura eival nou rqv K ~ e l o r 0 6 xarpiba ~ pa<. A v j ~ o u p s os a u r j 6ao avjwet K a l aurfi os &PUG. Enlnhiov, r a 1&pa~ b v r p a rqq xa~pibaq anorshodv noho Gh{qq yla r a pihq rqq sevor~wfiq KOIV~T~~ Kat T U r~a sy~ap6tC;)vo~v a~@a Kal ES anooraosoq, a ~ b p a Kat av Bpseodv os pta pa~poxpovq~(opia.Cuvsnhq q ethnie pnopsi va E'/IISIL;)~E~ yla nohlj ~ a ~ pawpta p o an6 r a narpta &66cp?l rqq xapq orqv fvraoq rou voorou Ka1 rqv nvsupan~fi rqq npoo6~oqoe aura. Aur6 awpqhq U R ~ P TO ~ EX E ~ P W ~ G V O oplopivov K O I V O T ~ T W Vrqq &aonopaq, dnoq 01 Ebpaiol Ka1 01 Appiv~o~? Mdvo orav ozpacpo6ps ora 7tolKiha orotxoia q q K O I V ~ ~ ~0~~ h ~ 0 6 p nou aq Gtacpoponotodv r o u ~ ahqOuopo& psraS6 rouq 0a ouvavrjooups ~ a n o ~ nIo a ~ V T ~ K E ~ ~ E Vyvopiopara. IKU H yhhoaa, q Qpqo~sia, r a G0tpa j t o xphpa rou 6bppa~0 O~ UVT~~W 8&op&i~al < 6 n KEP~Y~U(POUV CLVTIKE~~EV~ ((710hl~l0plKa KU
ZXETIKU ps ~q popai~qnspinroaq, oh. Tudor (1972, KE(P. 3)- yla rouq E ~ ~ E T I K O ~ ) ~ p68ouc, oh. Steinberg (1976). H 0llpaoia Trlc A P o O ~ E ( J ~ QTV ~ < yo E{&TU<ETU~ QTO Armstrong (1982, KEQ. 2).

opoqpa)) j cc&t6onoto%61a(popbq)) nou un6pxouv av&{aprqra an6 rq BOG h q q rov azopov, yta r a onoia pak~ora pnopd va cpcliverat 6.r~ hs~roupyo6v nsptoplon~b Qordoo, aur6 nou GXEL p q a h d t ~ p q pap6qra yla rqv E ~ V O Z ~ K ~ ra6zlcq ~ E V sival rooo q a v e s ~ r 1 ~ 6 r q( r aq avs~uprqrq xapouoia yvoplopdrov 6noq ro xphpa fi q Bpqo~siaahka q q p a o i a nou 70% npoo6iSst Bvaq p s y d h ~ apt0p6q ar6pov (4 opyavwoeov), 6 n w K ~ T ~ ~ E ~ qK aucaV ~ E ~ v6psvq n o h t n ~ fPapljrqra i nou a d ~ r q o a v q ykhooa KaL TO ~ p h p a TOUS 660 r~hsuzaiouqalhvsq. T a xohlzlopuca yvopioya~aK ~ t ~ h f l j ' o va ~v 0sopq006v COG ~ V T ~ K E I ~ E -TOU~UX~UTOV V~K~ ~ O acp0pb V TOV .1rpoo610pt0~6 T o V E~VOU~ h opiwtc v p6vo 6rav npol~torodv p G~acpoponouqnwfi a{ia!O 'Oha aura uno6qhojvouv noq q &evon~rj ~01vd.rtl.ra K U ~ Eahho napa npoauhv~asival nap6 rouq xspi rou avn0brou lquptoporjq K a l rq pqropl~il rwv EOV~K~OTIKQV 18~0hoythvK a l TOU E ~ V I K ~ ~ ~h6you. I K O ~ 01auSops~hoey rqq U~OKEI~EVIK~JS oqpaoiaq nou b ~ ~ na 0 i v a a d ra xpoavacp~p06vrayvopiopara yla ra @kq p a q wolv6rqraq &nqp&a<ouv avdhoya rq ouvo~fi Kat rqv aurorruvsidqaq rou ohparoq rwv p k h v ~ q q '000 . mplm6r~pa yvopiopara ouv6ua<ovrat Kal 000 nsploo6r~pobvrova Kat spcpavfi ~a0ioravra1, 7600 s v ~ o ~ b sq ra aio0qoq ~ rqq E ~ V O T ~ raur6rqraq K ~ ~ Ka1, pari ps auriv, q q &0vori~i\S ~01~6rqraq. Avriorpocpa, drav aura ra yvqiopara apBh6vovrat K a l d,ao0evodv, &nqps&<&ral avdo~o~ q~ y&v1~6r&pq a a i o e q q rqq ~ 0 v o n d q rauz6qraq K a l mq EK r06rou T) i61a q ethnie ~azah-ilystorq Gtahuoq fi rqv acpopoiooq!' IIhq oxqpari<s~at 6po5 pa ~ B v o n ~~otv6rqra; fl Mxopodw, va Ghooups povo ~ E P I K B60Klpaorl~Eq ~ anavrfioa~. 'Onou a u r j q G ~ a S ~ ~ a bxw oia ~uraypacpd o r y 1orop1~bqnqykq, 6tacpaivefal q napouoia optop6vwv ora8&phvpovrbhov or0 o ~ q p a r ~ o p s0vorfirov. o E ~ K & [ E Ipnop06p~ ~ ~ K u , va &a~pivoup& 660 ~I)pla &i8q o~~)putlopoi): rq ouvbvoq Kal rq Gtaipaoq. An6 rq pia nh~updr~ v r o n q o u p napa6siypara c ~ ~ q p a n o p o ~0vorfirov d ax6 rqv Evooq avs~6prqrov povaSov, pta 61a6l~aoia nou pnopsi va uxoSlatpe0si
'O Bk. axsruca Gellner (1973) ( J X E T I K ~ ps rq aupPok1~fi xpfioq aurhv rwv yvoplapbrov w; ctop~o0~rt~hv pqxav~ophv)) yla 7q 81b~p1aq TWV EOVO~IKOV op68ov, pk. Barth (1969, Waayoyfi). " 1 s aurb 0a brrp&x& va npoa8tooups no5 01 E~VOTIKBG napa86osy Kalol8&paTo(p6Xa~fq rovq ~ a e h c Kat 01 nollnopl~oirpoxot b~cppacrqc(yhhoaa, b01pa, r s ~ v o ~ p o n i ~ q K.)IR.) pnopsi va aa~Tjaouv lqupfi, 81ap~fi Kat &apopcpw?l~fi sn~ppo?i yla p & ~ d kYooc VIK& 1~~)1680uq ~ X E T I K UPh. Armstrong (1982, passim).

1 . -

EQNIKH TAYTOTHTA

H EQNOTIKH

BAEH T H I EBNIKHI TAYTOTHTAI

AvziorPocp% o& ~ h h &ns~lnrciwel~ < q anoru~ia zq< e p q o ~ ~ i a va q HEr a P ~ u 0 ~ 1 ofl z~ 0iap.srl~looKhtl~orlK65 0uvrqpqnop6q zqc, pnop~i V a (JTP&Wouv rrlv ~ 0 v o n ~auro-avavhoq fi O& 63Lh&< obob<. A U Touv&bq ~ p7 0 'Ehhv~ GzlS ~ P X ~ S 1 9 0 ~ alhva. H &hhqvop0660{q&KKhqolaonKfl uP ~ P X ~TVS U Kovoravnvoinrohqq anopa~puv6rav610 KUI n~ploo67~po an6 rrl Woaia zdrSrl Kal za h a i ~ 6 opapaza ahha KUI an6 rou< ~ 6 0 0 ~ Ka~ ~ ~ E PKhflPo~, O U an' 6x011n~oih0av optopkvot an6 rou< qyBzoq z q ~ Ensvaozaoll< ozo Mopla. ' E m , 01 ~6001 ZOV Ehhfiv~v nporJ&cp~yav 0~ ivav agav6p.sva K O ~ P ~ K ~ , I Airlo ~ E y1a O ~va O~mnjlouv ~ ~ K ~ TOUS ozhow

noalrlo~~~ 6a dv~ra CTO~uprjtspo~ ~ 6 zqq i o ~ouh~odpa<, q &~vos~~( &n~bi@(J"l ~ E V P ~ O P EVU ~ .I.PUVE~an6 zqv anop6voq ahhdr an6 7 0 &nth&~ ~ 7 1k ~v 6~ 1 o Kal ~ 6 E ~ E ~ ~ C LX EO V ~EI ~ T ~ O ~ &nacp&. ~ K ~ < Tla cjrhhq pm wpk av~hfloou Eva ~ ~napa6~lypa an6 rqv ~ B p a i ~lo~opia. fi TO &p&opa ~hhrlvlorl~o6 nohlzlopo6, an6 za xp6vta rou Ah6cav6pou Kar &cp&gq<, voK ~ ~ G E< @ ~ a v f El R ~ C P PE ~ T ~T S~ ~ &hk~)vt~& S K U ~ rqc ~ D p a i . ~OK&fi~ WI~C q oxoia -nap6 n q 6papazr~B~ ~O~ITLK& ~Gn t n z h r o( ) ~ < ~~~ pnhoi)~~o& Kal ~ v i o ~ ok6~hqpo uo~ TO q-~iiopa TOU E B ~ U ~ K nohlrtopoi) O ~ ~ a zqq l &$paimi< rau.l.6r()za<" YndP~ouvnolha aK6pa napa6~iypatanou cpav~phvouv rou< nohu@l0~ou< ~ P ~ ~ O UTOUS S OXO~OU<E{OTEP~K~ nohl'tiopl~~ &p&Oio ~ a r aat E X ~ C Pavavfooav ~G zrlv aio~qoq zqq EOVOTLK~~< zaur6~qraq piow zq< E K ~ ~ E K T ~oK t~ ~~ ~S~ o n o i opto$vov qoq~ ~OL~TI~~ ~ Z IO L~ ~X KKE Q ~R ~ V O~ IE< V. ~upkw yvoor6q XE~IIKZ(;)(TE~S E~VU q~ Ianwvia, q Pooia ~ aq lAiyunroc zou 190u a~hva.
3. Aaiinj ou~W.ro~rf. Z1.0 K O ~ V O V ~ n~6i0, K~ pnopoljp~va 6la~pivoup rp6xouc E ~ V O ~ K auro-avavbwcrrl~ ~ ~ S p&oaan6 za ~ ~ v f i p arov r a 6tacp6pov ~ o t vCJv1~hvozP6.)~at.wv Kal T ~ ~ E O VAvdp~oa . TOUS, or~v6r~p wv&&p&va a w TO Ofpa pa< ~ i v ara l ha'i~a ~lvrjpa~ nou a ~~cppa(ouv TO a i r q ~rqq ( ~ 61~6~ puvqq tq< o u p ~ r o x r orqv i ~ n o h ~ z ~ o p tfi~nohlri~fi fi ~ p a p ~ iTO a . psyaho ~o~vwv~~o-~prloK&u'~lK6 ha'i~6 Kivqpa zou pa<6a~topo6 orq oaoavdl~fi n~poia sou 50u athva avavEooe rov ooDap6 flappfvo 101-6 rqq n~polKfi< <@Poao~p1Kfl< ~ o l v 6 ~ q t akozo c , Kal av raur6~povau n f o ~ za a ~fj&p&hta ~

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E V &I'YPCL(Pfi I ~

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(1966)-

x i O q ~ ~ ouvapnaor~lcrj a

v~wq rou Anderson (1983, KE(P. 3).

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