Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
By: Guide:
-Bhagyashree Shejwal. Mrs. Sunita Jahirabadkar
-T.E. Comp-A
-Roll No.: 3356
Overview
Introduction to Cybernetics
History of Cybernetics
Defining the Cybernetics
Various Areas of Cybernetics
Principles of Cybernetics
Goal-directed system
Feedback an Important principle of Cybernetic
Use of Feedback in Various Systems
Artificial Intelligence & Cybernetics
Software Cybernetics Concepts
Current Software Engineering
Software as Control Problem
Self Adaptive Software
Research Topics
Introduction
Importance of Concept
Cybernetics and the steersman
• In Biology
• In Complexity Science
• In Computer Science
• In Engineering
• Organizational Cybernetics
• In Psychology
• In Sociology
• Pure Cybernetics
• Software Cybernetics
Principles of Cybernetics
The principle of homeostasis
The principle of external completion
The principle of requisite variety
The principle of feedback
The principle of intentionality
Goal-directed system
(1) Sensor (S)
(2) Goal (G)
(3) Error Detection (E)
(4) Effectors (E')
Two Rules:
1. Well-defined procedure
2. Minimized deviation
Cybernetic models are structures of mathematically
related goal-directed systems
systems may be combined by coupling their variables - So
Competitive interaction is necessary.
Definition:
The field of science concerned with
processes of communication and control in
software systems.
Software Cybernetics Concepts
Software
Control
Control system
Control of software
Open-loop control
Closed-loop control /Feedback control
Adaptive control – Self Adaptive Software
Closed-loop control /Feedback
control
Current Software Engineering
Problems
1. Control of the software test process
2. Optimal selection of tests
-So CMC approach is there.
3. Software performance control
4. Control of the software development process etc.
Cybernetic Approaches
(a) Use simulation: “forward” approach.
(b) Use (a) plus feedback control: “inverse” approach
Cybernetic Approaches
Software as Control Problem
software may contain various defects
So we treat
Software test process as a controlled object
The process manager as a controller
So the management of software testing
becomes a feedback control problem.
The ultimate goal of software engineering
is to deliver quality software in a cost-
effective and timely manner.
Self Adaptive Software
Evaluates its own behavior and changes
behavior when the evaluation indicates that it
is not accomplishing what the software is
intended to do, or when better functionality or
performance is possible.
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