M

~
U
~
ij

ij
ij~ ijIm

Figura 1: ?????????.

X (p)

Iv

Ia ( 0 )

DX ( p )(v )

X oIa

Ia
0

Figura 2: ?????????.

( , )

De

( )

De

De De

( )
Figura 3: ?????????.

Fg

Fg
Rs

Rs
Tangente

Transversal
Figura 4: ?????????.

B3

B1
B
0

B2

Figura 5: ?????????.

Fg
0

Figura 6: ?????????.

Ia 2

Ia 1

Figura 7: ?????????.

Iq

Fg 2
FG

Fg 1

Ia

Ia 2

Ia 1

Figura 8: ?????????.
3

Iq

Fg 2
FG

Fg 1

X (Iq )
Pq

Ia Ia

X (Ia )

X (Ia )

Ia 1

Ia 2

X(

Figura 9: ?????????.

ij

~
FG

FG

Ia

Ia
Figura 10: ?????????.

( )
X FG

Iq

Iq

T(

Ia 1

L
L

Ia 2
Figura 11: ?????????.

~
Iq
FG

Iq~

Ia 1
L

Ia 2

Figura 12: ?????????.

T(

FG

FG

T0(Id )

Fg ( 1 )

Fg ij
( (Id ))
0

Fg (Id )
Fg ( 0 )

Figura 13: ?????????.

IaIx

Ia

Ix

Figura 14: ?????????.

L2

L1

Ix Ip(Ix)
T1 Ip

123 Iq

123
ISIp

ISIq

Figura 15: ?????????.

T2