CHAPTER 9: OUR SPANISH HERITAGE PRESERVATION OF PHILIPPINE LANGUAGES Spanish Heritage Spain ruled the Philippines for three

centuries (1565-1898) Spains cultural legacy was more beneficial and comprehensive than her political and economic endowments. CHRISTIANITY Spains greatest legacy PRINTING 1593- the Dominicans in Manila established the 1st Filipino press (47 years before the appearance of the 1st printing press in U.S) Printed books by means of old xylographic method (printing using engraved wood blocks). It still exists at the University of Santo Tomas Press & is one of the oldest printing establishments in the world. Spanish friars studied & used our native language in spreading Christianity instead of the Spanish language Spanish missionaries were the first to write grammars & dictionaries for Filipino languages 1610 1st tagalog grammar was published, entitled Arte y reglas de la lengua tagala, written by Fr. Francisco Blancas de San Jose, a Spanish Dominican missionary, who was known as the Demosthenes of the Tagalog Language, because of his mastery in Tagalog

Diet and DRESS Diet DRESS For MEN: Western coat [called americana for it was introduced from America (Mexico)], & trousers replaced jacket & bahag Began to wear hats instead of putong Used slippers and shoes for footwear Spain introduced new food. The Filipinos learned to: Eat Bread, ham, longanizas, beef(cattles meat), mutton(sheeps meat) and European canned goods drink coffee, cacao & foreign wines Use drinking glasses, table knives & napkins while eating

EARLY FILIPINO PRINTERS Tomas Pinpin 1st Filipino printer, Prince of Filipino Printers. -- 1st Tagalog author, wrote the first tagalog book published entitled, Librong pag-aaralan nang manga Tagalog nang uicang Castila (Book that the Tagalogs Should Study to Learn Spanish), w/c was printed in Bataan in 1610. FIRST BOOKS PRINTED IN THE PHILIPPINES Doctrina Christiana en lengua espaola y tagala, (Manila, 1593) Doctrina Christiana en letra y lengua China (by Keng Yong (Chinese), in the Parian, Manila Tratado de la Doctrina de la Santa Iglesia y de Ciencias naturales (by Fr. Juan de Cobo, O.P., Manila, 1593)

For WOMEN: -replaced the sarong & used the saya (skirt) as lower apparel; used the camisa with long & wide sleeves in place of the old short-sleeved jacket Wore jewelry (gold earrings, rings, pendants, necklaces, bracelets) but not armlets and leglets Used slippers, stockings, hair combs, mantillas & panuelos like Spanish women

Education Spain introduced the European system of education in the Philippines First schools established were parochial schools, with Spanish missionaries as teachers. Filipino children were taught the Catholic doctrine, the 3 Rs (reading, writing, arithmetic), music, arts and trades

FAMILY LIFE Simple & wholesome because of Christianitys influence The father was the master of the family yet he consults his wife regarding family matters The mother was the first TUTOR of the children (taught them the alphabet & Christian prayers), and the custodian of the family fund & keys Children kiss their parents hands after evening prayers, upon leaving their home & upon returning home

EDUCATIONAL PROGRESS UNDER SPAIN Schools established by Spain contributed the Filipinos intellectual growth In 1843, the percentage of literacy in the country was relatively high. In 1867, there were 593 elementary schools with 133,990 children enrolled. In 1898, at the end of the Spanish rule, the schools numbered to 2,150, with a total enrolment of 200,000.

Filipino WOMEN Respected by men If unmarried, they were chaperoned in attending social gatherings Permitted to engage in business Entered exclusive schools for girls operated by nuns were they were trained on the HOW Tos of being a good wife or mother Those who had no intention of marrying entered the nunnery in service of GOD Maria Clara of Rizals novels represented the Filipino womanhood of the Spanish era

JOURNALISM Del Superior Govierno (Of The Supreme Government) 1st newspaper in the Philippines with Gov. Gen. Manuel Gonzales de Aguilar as editor. -- appeared for the first time in Manila in on August 8, 1811. -- last issue came out on July 4, 1813 Other Newspapers: La Esperanza (1846) 1st daily newspaper La Illustracion Filipina (1859) 1st illustrated periodical El Catolico Filipino (1862) 1st religious newspaper La Opinion (1887) 1st political newpaper El Ilokano (1889) 1st vernacular newspaper; founded & edited by Isabelo de los Reyes El Hogar (1893) 1st womens magazine

INTRODUCTION OF THE GREGORIAN CALENDAR Until 1845, the Phil. Calendar was 1 day behind that of European time Gov. Gen. Narciso Claveria corrected the Philippine Calendar. Aug. 16,1844 - He issued an order proclaiming Tuesday, Dec.31,1844, to be Wednesday, Jan.1,1844, advancing the calendar by one day so that it would be in accord with world standard time.

SPANISH SURNAMES FOR FILIPINO First names of Filipinos were from the saints Gov. Gen. Narciso Claveria issued an order on Nov. 21, 1849 which gave Spanish surnames to the Filipino families. He sent lists of Spanish family names to the authorities of provinces & towns Many Filipino families became loyal to their Malayan descendants surnames

LATIN ALPHABET & SPANISH LANGUAGE Filipinos easily adopted Latin alphabet & Spanish language Enriched our national language called PILIPINO there are 5,000 Spanish loan-words in our national language Filipinos became the sole Spanish-speaking nation in Asia.

LITERATURE Phil. Literature were religious in character (ex. Prayer books, doctrinas, novenas, biographies of saints, etc.) in order to propagate Christianity. AWITS (chivalric-heroic poems) and CORRIDOS (legendaryreligious poems) became popular among the masses. Ex. Siete Infantes de Lara, Ibong Adarna, Bernardo Carpio They were filipinized versions of Spanish & French medieval romances. The Pasion -- favorite reading material during LENTEN SEASON -- depicts the story of Christs life, suffering & crucifixion Gaspar Aquino de Belen wrote the 1st Tagalog pasion which was published in 1704 Florante at Laura

-- poetical masterpiece of Francisco Balagtas Baltazar, the Prince of Tagalog Poets. BALAGTASAN, the modern Tagalog poetical joust, was named in his honor. Urbana at Feliza -- a book on proper behavior of women, written by Father Modesto de Castro, a Tagalog priest. Biag ni Lam-ang -- an Ilocano epic which recounts the deed of the legendary Ilocano hero, Lam-ang. -- popularized by Pedro Bukaneg, a blind poet known to be the Father of Ilocano Literature Gonzalo de Cordova -- a stirring metrical romance of Pampanga written by Father Anselmo Fajardo, a Pampango priest-writer. Spanish-Educated Filipinos who were talented in literature: Dr. Jose Rizal-- greatest Filipino genius who excelled both in prose & poetry Dr. Pedro A. Paterno wrote the 1st Filipino novel , Ninay in 1885 Cecilio Apostol, Fernando Ma. Guerrero, Jose Palma composed the trinity of Filipino poets; won endearing fame in Spanish poetry Jose Palmas Spanish poem, Filipinas, became the lyrics of the Phil. Natl Anthem THEATRE Early forms of drama: duplo and karagatan Duplo a poetical debate held by trained men & women on the 9 or last night of the mourning period of the dead. Male participants were called bellocos, the female participants, bellacas. Karagatan - a poetical debate, like duplo, but it was participated by amateurs. 1 recorded drama in Cebu (1598) -- a comedia written by Vicente Puche -- performed in honor of Msgr. Pedro de Agurto, Cebus 1st bishop In 1609, a play portraying the life of St. Barbara was staged in Bohol. 3 kinds of play: Cenaculo depicts the life & sufferings of Christ; performed during the Lenten season Moro-moro- depicts the wars between Christians & Muslims where Christians were always victorious
st th

Their paintings were recognized not just in the Philippines, but also all over Europe. SCULPTURE FILIPINO SCULPTORS: Isabelo Tampingco wood carvings in the Jesuit Church of St. Ignacius Manuel Asuncion, Jose Arevalo, Romualdo de Jesus carvers of beautiful saints Jose Rizal Mariano Madrinan his materpiece, Mater Dolorosa, was awarded a diploma of honor & gold medal

SCIENCES The 1st scientists in the Philippines were the Spanish friars Filipino scientists distinguished themselves in botanical research Establishments of courses in medicine & pharmacy in UST fostered scientific knowledge The 1st sundials were built in 1871 at Tagudin, Ilocos Sur by Fr. Juan Sorolla Observatory of Manila oldest observatory in Asia; forecasts typhoons & earthquakes SPANISH BLOOD Spanish-Filipino marriages improved the Filipino racial stock by assimilating Spanish traits like religious devotion, delicadeza(honor), romanticism, loyalty to family, and urbanidad(good manners) Spanish Filipino mestizas were noted for their beauty & charm

Notable Spanish-Filipinos: Father Gomez,Burgos, Zamora (GomBurZa) Manuel A.Roxas Manuel L. Quezon-Father of Philippine Independence HOSPITALS & ORPHANAGES The 1st hospital in Manila was founded by a Franciscan lay brother, Juan Clemente, in 1578, in Manila Hospitals were also established in provinces Orphanages were founded during the Spanish period Real Hospicio de San Jose 1st regular orphanage established in 1810 in Manila FIESTAS Every town or barrio had its own patron saint and each year, the feast day of the patron saint was celebrated with a fiesta Official holidays were implemented during the Spanish times

- Fr. Jeromino Perez wrote the 1st moro-moro which was staged in Manila in 1637 to commemorate Gov. Gen. Corcueras victory against the Moros of Mindanao. - favorite play of the people, especially during town fiestas. Zarzuela- musical comedy - Rizal wrote a zarzuela entitled, Junto al Pasig (Beside the Pasig)

COCKFIGHTS Existed in the Philippines before the coming of Magellan; Pigafetta saw it in Palawan Spain introduced cockfighting as legalized gambling

MUSIC Filipino music was enriched by Spanish & Mexican influences. Filipino songs like Sampaguita (composed by Dolores Paterno) & Bella Filipina (by T. Masaguer) were Hispanized The Philippine National Anthem composed by Julian Felipe shows similarity to the Spanish National Anthem

HORSE RACES Horse racing the sport of kings; past time of the elite The hippodrome(race track) was located at the suburb of Sta. Ana, Manila Horse racing season lasted for three days

Musikong Buho (bamboo musicians) THE MANILA LOTTERY -could not read notes but can play European music on their bamboo musical instruments. Learned any kind of music by ear. Spanish missionaries contributed greatly to the development of Philippine music Fr. Geronimo de Aguilar Founded a music school in the Franciscan Convent of Manila First to teach music to Bicolanos The Bamboo Organ of Las Pinas - built in 1818 by Fr. Diego Cerra, a Recollect priest-musician - one of the living glories of Philippine musical art, remaining intact for over 100 years. PAINTING Damian Domingo Father of FilipinoPainting 2 Greatest Filipino Painters: 1. 2. Juan Luna Felix Resureccion Hidalgo Spain introduced lottery as legalized gambling for government revenues purposes

THE CARILLO A unique cardboard puppet show Other Amusements During the Spanish Regime: Parties celebrating birthdays, baptisms, weddings & siyaman (9th day after burial of family member) Flores de Mayo & Santacruzan in May Indoor games (storytelling of legends & ghost stories, dramatic debates, card games) and outdoor games(swimming, patintero, sipa)

Prepared by: Calitis, Elline Ivy C. BSA 5B

chAPTER 9: OUR SPANISH HERITAGE Spanish Heritage Spain ruled the Philippines for three centuries (1565-1898) Spains cultural legacy was more beneficial and comprehensive than her political and economic endowments. CHRISTIANITY Spains greatest legacy The Roman Catholic religion - originated in Asia, being founded by Jesus Christ in Palestine; spread to Western Europe after Christs crucifixion, in the 16th and 17th centuries, propagated across the Atlantic to the New World and across the Pacific to the Philippines, making her then the greatest power. Diet and DRESS Diet Spain introduced new food plants (wheat, corn, patatas, cacao, coffee, cabbages, chicos, papayas, guavas). The Filipinos learned to: DRESS For MEN: Eat Bread, ham, longanizas, beef(cattles meat), mutton(sheeps meat) and European canned goods drink coffee, cacao & foreign wines Use drinking glasses, table knives & napkins while eating

INTRODUCTION OF THE GREGORIAN CALENDAR Until 1845, the Phil. Calendar was 1 day behind that of European time Gov. Gen. Narciso Claveria corrected the Philippine Calendar. Aug. 16,1844 - He issued an order proclaiming Tuesday, Dec.31,1844, to be Wednesday, Jan.1,1844, advancing the calendar by one day so that it would be in accord with world standard time. SPANISH SURNAMES FOR FILIPINO First names of Filipinos were from the saints -ex. Juan from San Juan Gov. Gen. Narciso Claveria issued an order on Nov. 21, 1849 which gave Spanish surnames to the Filipino families. He sent lists of Spanish family names to the authorities of provinces & towns (ex. Gomez, Reyes, Santos). Many Filipino families became loyal to their Malayan descendants surnames (ex. Batungbakal, Magbanua, Sumulong, Tonogbanua, Kalaw, Makapagal)

LATIN ALPHABET & SPANISH LANGUAGE Filipinos easily adopted Latin alphabet & Spanish language Enriched our national language called PILIPINO there are 5,000 Spanish loan-words in our national language Filipinos became the sole Spanish-speaking nation in Asia.

PRESERVATION OF PHILIPPINE LANGUAGES Western coat [called americana for it was introduced from America (Mexico)], & trousers replaced jacket & bahag Began to wear hats instead of putong Used slippers and shoes for footwear Spanish friars studied & used our native language in spreading Christianity instead of the Spanish language Spanish missionaries were the first to write grammars & dictionaries for Filipino languages 1610 1st tagalog grammar was published, entitled Arte y reglas de la lengua tagala, written by Fr. Francisco Blancas de San Jose, a Spanish Dominican missionary, who was known as the Demosthenes of the Tagalog Language, because of his mastery in Tagalog

For WOMEN: -replaced the sarong & used the saya (skirt) as lower apparel; used the camisa with long & wide sleeves in place of the old short-sleeved jacket Wore jewelry (gold earrings, rings, pendants, necklaces, bracelets) but not armlets and leglets Used slippers, stockings, hair combs, mantillas & panuelos like Spanish women PRINTING

FAMILY LIFE Simple & wholesome because of Christianitys influence The father was the master of the family yet he consults his wife regarding family matters The mother was the first TUTOR of the children (taught them the alphabet & Christian prayers), and the custodian of the family fund & keys Parents & children prayed the Angelus & rosary every night, prayed before each meal, and went to Church every Sunday, town fiestas & religious holidays Children kiss their parents hands after evening prayers, upon leaving their home & upon returning home Filipino WOMEN Position of Filipino WOMEN were elevated Respected by men If unmarried, they were chaperoned in attending social gatherings Had NO freedom to study in universities, engage in professions (law, medicine, engineering, etc.) and to mix freely with men Permitted to engage in business Entered exclusive schools for girls operated by nuns were they were trained on the HOW Tos of being a good wife or mother Those who had no intention of marrying entered the nunnery in service of GOD Maria Clara of Rizals novels represented the Filipino womanhood of the Spanish era with traits of charm, modesty and religious devotion

1593- the Dominicans in Manila established the 1st Filipino press (47 years before the appearance of the 1st printing press in U.S) Printed books by means of old xylographic method (printing using engraved wood blocks). It still exists at the University of Santo Tomas Press & is one of the oldest printing establishments in the world.

EARLY FILIPINO PRINTERS Tomas Pinpin 1st Filipino printer, Prince of Filipino Printers. -- 1st Tagalog author, wrote the first tagalog book published entitled, Librong pag-aaralan nang manga Tagalog nang uicang Castila (Book that the Tagalogs Should Study to Learn Spanish), w/c was printed in Bataan in 1610. --- had a worthy son, Simon, who was also a good printer. Other pioneer Filipino Printers : Diego Talaghay, Nicolas de la Cruz bagay, Laureano Atlas, Domingo Loag & Cipriano Bagay.

FIRST BOOKS PRINTED IN THE PHILIPPINES Doctrina Christiana en lengua espaola y tagala, (Manila, 1593) Doctrina Christiana en letra y lengua China (by Keng Yong (Chinese), in the Parian, Manila Tratado de la Doctrina de la Santa Iglesia y de Ciencias naturales (by Fr. Juan de Cobo, O.P., Manila, 1593)

Education

Spain introduced the European system of education in the Philippines First schools established were parochial schools, with Spanish missionaries as teachers. Filipino children were taught the Catholic doctrine, the 3 Rs (reading, writing, arithmetic), music, arts and trades

THEATRE Early forms of drama: duplo and karagatan Duplo a poetical debate held by trained men & women on the 9th or last night of the mourning period of the dead. Male participants were called bellocos, the female participants, bellacas. Karagatan - a poetical debate, like duplo, but it was participated by amateurs. 1st recorded drama in Cebu (1598) -- a comedia written by Vicente Puche -- performed in honor of Msgr. Pedro de Agurto, Cebus 1st bishop In 1609, a play portraying the life of St. Barbara was staged in Bohol. 3 kinds of play: Cenaculo depicts the life & sufferings of Christ; performed during the Lenten season Moro-moro- depicts the wars between Christians & Muslims where Christians were always victorious

EDUCATIONAL PROGRESS UNDER SPAIN Schools established by Spain contributed the Filipinos intellectual growth In 1843, the percentage of literacy in the country was relatively high. In 1867, there were 593 elementary schools with 133,990 children enrolled. In 1898, at the end of the Spanish rule, the schools numbered to 2,150, with a total enrolment of 200,000.

JOURNALISM Del Superior Govierno (Of The Supreme Government) 1st newspaper in the Philippines with Gov. Gen. Manuel Gonzales de Aguilar as editor. -- appeared for the first time in Manila in on August 8, 1811. -- last issue came out on July 4, 1813 Other Newspapers: La Esperanza (1846) 1 daily newspaper La Illustracion Filipina (1859) 1st illustrated periodical El Catolico Filipino (1862) 1st religious newspaper La Opinion (1887) 1st political newpaper El Ilokano (1889) 1st vernacular newspaper; founded & edited by Isabelo de los Reyes El Hogar (1893) 1st womens magazine
st

- Fr. Jeromino Perez wrote the 1st moro-moro which was staged in Manila in 1637 to commemorate Gov. Gen. Corcueras victory against the Moros of Mindanao. - favorite play of the people, especially during town fiestas. Zarzuela- musical comedy - Rizal wrote a zarzuela entitled, Junto al Pasig (Beside the Pasig) MUSIC Filipino music was enriched by Spanish & Mexican influences. Filipino songs like Sampaguita (composed by Dolores Paterno) & Bella Filipina (by T. Masaguer) were Hispanized The Philippine National Anthem composed by Julian Felipe shows similarity to the Spanish National Anthem

LITERATURE Phil. Literature were religious in character (ex. Prayer books, doctrinas, novenas, biographies of saints, etc.) in order to propagate Christianity. AWITS (chivalric-heroic poems) and CORRIDOS (legendaryreligious poems) became popular among the masses. Ex. Siete Infantes de Lara, Ibong Adarna, Bernardo Carpio They were filipinized versions of Spanish & French medieval romances. The Pasion -- favorite reading material during LENTEN SEASON -- depicts the story of Christs life, suffering & crucifixion Gaspar Aquino de Belen wrote the 1st Tagalog pasion which was published in 1704 Florante at Laura -- poetical masterpiece of Francisco Balagtas Baltazar, the Prince of Tagalog Poets. BALAGTASAN, the modern Tagalog poetical joust, was named in his honor. Urbana at Feliza -- a book on proper behavior of women, written by Father Modesto de Castro, a Tagalog priest. Biag ni Lam-ang -- an Ilocano epic which recounts the deed of the legendary Ilocano hero, Lam-ang. -- popularized by Pedro Bukaneg, a blind poet known to be the Father of Ilocano Literature Gonzalo de Cordova -- a stirring metrical romance of Pampanga written by Father Anselmo Fajardo, a Pampango priest-writer. Spanish-Educated Filipinos who were talented in literature: Dr. Jose Rizal-- greatest Filipino genius who excelled both in prose & poetry Dr. Pedro A. Paterno wrote the 1st Filipino novel , Ninay in 1885 Cecilio Apostol, Fernando Ma. Guerrero, Jose Palma composed the trinity of Filipino poets; won endearing fame in Spanish poetry Jose Palmas Spanish poem, Filipinas, became the lyrics of the Phil. Natl Anthem

Musikong Buho (bamboo musicians) -could not read notes but can play European music on their bamboo musical instruments. Learned any kind of music by ear. Spanish missionaries contributed greatly to the development of Philippine music Fr. Geronimo de Aguilar Founded a music school in the Franciscan Convent of Manila First to teach music to Bicolanos The Bamboo Organ of Las Pinas - built in 1818 by Fr. Diego Cerra, a Recollect priest-musician - one of the living glories of Philippine musical art, remaining intact for over 100 years. PAINTING Damian Domingo Father of FilipinoPainting 2 Greatest Filipino Painters: 3. Juan Luna 4. Felix Resureccion Hidalgo Their paintings were recognized not just in the Philippines, but also all over Europe. SCULPTURE FILIPINO SCULPTORS: Isabelo Tampingco wood carvings in the Jesuit Church of St. Ignacius Manuel Asuncion, Jose Arevalo, Romualdo de Jesus carvers of beautiful saints Jose Rizal

Mariano Madrinan his materpiece, Mater Dolorosa, was awarded a diploma of honor & gold medal

SCIENCES The 1st scientists in the Philippines were the Spanish friars Filipino scientists distinguished themselves in botanical research Establishments of courses in medicine & pharmacy in UST fostered scientific knowledge The 1st sundials were built in 1871 at Tagudin, Ilocos Sur by Fr. Juan Sorolla Observatory of Manila oldest observatory in Asia; forecasts typhoons & earthquakes SPANISH BLOOD Spanish-Filipino marriages improved the Filipino racial stock by assimilating Spanish traits like religious devotion, delicadeza(honor), romanticism, loyalty to family, and urbanidad(good manners) Spanish Filipino mestizas were noted for their beauty & charm

Notable Spanish-Filipinos: Father Gomez,Burgos, Zamora (GomBurZa) Manuel A.Roxas Manuel L. Quezon-Father of Philippine Independence HOSPITALS & ORPHANAGES The 1st hospital in Manila was founded by a Franciscan lay brother, Juan Clemente, in 1578, in Manila Hospitals were also established in provinces Orphanages were founded during the Spanish period Real Hospicio de San Jose 1st regular orphanage established in 1810 in Manila FIESTAS Every town or barrio had its own patron saint and each year, the feast day of the patron saint was celebrated with a fiesta Official holidays were implemented during the Spanish times

COCKFIGHTS Existed in the Philippines before the coming of Magellan; Pigafetta saw it in Palawan Spain introduced cockfighting as legalized gambling

HORSE RACES Horse racing the sport of kings; past time of the elite The hippodrome(race track) was located at the suburb of Sta. Ana, Manila Horse racing season lasted for three days

THE MANILA LOTTERY Spain introduced lottery as government revenues purposes legalized gambling for

THE CARILLO A unique cardboard puppet show Other Amusements During the Spanish Regime: Parties celebrating birthdays, baptisms, weddings & siyaman (9th day after burial of family member) Flores de Mayo & Santacruzan in May Indoor games (storytelling of legends & ghost stories, dramatic debates, card games) and outdoor games(swimming, patintero, sipa)

Prepared by: Calitis, Elline Ivy C. BSA 5B