Interpretation & Report Writing

Technique of interpretation,
Different Steps in writing a report,
Layout of the Research Report,,
Precautions for Writing Research
Report
Meaning of Interpretation
 Interpretation refers to the task of
drawing inferences from the collected
facts after an analytical and
experimental study
Why interpretation
 Usefulness and utility of research
findings lie in proper interpretation
 To understand the abstract principle that
works beneath the findings
 Establishment of explanatory concepts
 To explain the real significance i.e. why his
findings are what they are.
 Interpretation is required for hypothesis
results.
Technique of interpretation
 Reasonable explanation of the relations and
interpret the lines of relationship in terms of
the underlying processes.
 Extraneous information must be considered
 Consultation with experts
 Consider all relevant factors affecting the
problem to avoid false generalization.
Different steps in writing report
 Logical analysis of the subject matter
 Preparation of the final outline
 Preparation of the rough draft
 Rewriting & polishing the rough draft
 Preparation of the final bibliography
 Writing the final draft
Layout of the research report
RESEARCH REPORT CONSISTS OF THREE PARTS

 The Preliminary (Prefatory Pages)

 The Text (Main body of the Report)
 The Reference Material
The Preliminary (Prefatory
Pages)
PRELIMINARY SECTION

 The Title Page

 Researcher’s Declaration
 Research Supervisor’s Certificate
 Preface Including Acknowledgements
 Table of Content
 List of Figures and Illustrations
 List of Abbreviations
Name of the thesis

Thesis submitted to:

XYZ UNIVERSITY, City

For the Degree of

DOCTOR OF PHILOSPHY

Submitted by :
XYZ
Under the Supervision of :
Prof. ABC
INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES & RESEARCH
XYZ UNIVERSITY, City, HARYANA [INDIA]
Date
RESEARCHER‘S DECLARATION

I declare that the thesis entitled “…………” is a

record of independent research work carried out by
me under the supervision and guidance of Prof.
XYZ. This has not been previously submitted for the
award of any other diploma, degree or other similar
title.

Place:… (NAME)
Date:…… Signature of the
Researcher
RESEARCH SUPERVISOR’S CERFICIATE

Certified that the thesis entitled “………..” submitted to

the XYZ University, City for the award of degree of
Doctor of Philosophy is a record of independent
research work carried out by Mr./Ms….. a Research
Scholar Ph.D. programme, under my supervision and
guidance. This has not been previously submitted for
the award of any diploma, degree or other similar
title.

Place (Name)
Date Signature of the Supervisor
PREFACE
 Preface
 Acknowledgements
CONTENTS
 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE
 Acknowledgement iii
 List of Tables v
 List of Figures and Illustrations vi
 List of Abbreviations vii

 CHAPTERS
VIII. Introduction 1-60
IX. Research Methodology and Statistical Tools Applied
61-75
X. Objective One 76-90
XI. Objective Two Micro Analysis 91-110
XII. - Section ‘A’ &
XIII. - Section ‘B’ Macro Analysis
XIV. Objective Three (Inference & Suggestions)
111-130
XV. - Section ‘A’
XVI. - Section ‘B’
XVII. Major Findings and Suggestions
131-140

XIX. APPENDICES
 Questionnaire/Schedule 141-147
 Analysis Pattern (Raw Data)
148-160
 Glossary of Terms
161-170
 Bibliography 171-180
LIST OF EXHIBITS & ABBREVIATIONS

 Page
 Exhibits : 3.1 Evaluation Criteria to Examine 3.25
Employeeship

 RBI : Reserve Bank of India

The Text (Main body of the
Report
THE TEXT OR CONTEXT
 Introduction
 Main Body of the Report (Divided into Chapters &
Sections)
 Conclusion (Summary, Recommendations/
Suggestions)
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

 The Problem
 Review of Existing Literature
 Conceptualization
 Operalisation of the Concept
 Focus of the Study
 Objectives of the Study
 Hypothesis of the Study
 Limitations of the Study
 Organization of the Study
REFERENCES
FOOTNOTES/NOTES

BOOKS
 Maan, R.S., ‘Social Change and Social
Research’, New Delhi: Concept Publishing
House, 1998, P.27
 Ibid, P.28
 Maan, op. cit., PP.138-140. (Previous
Reference)
EDITED BOOKS

 Michel, V. P., ‘Ethical Issues in

Business Research’ (Edited), Rose J.,
‘Business Research in Developing
Countries’, John Wiley & Sons, 1998,
PP.15-20
JOURNALS

 Drucker, Peter F., ‘What Business Can

Learn from Nonprofits’, Harvard
Business Review, 4, July-August, 1998,
PP.88-93.
NEWS PAPER ARTICLES

 Kumar Naresh, ‘Exploring See for

Economic Progress’, The Economic
Times (Bangalore) August 7, 1989, P.5
THESIS DISSERTATION

 Aggarwal B.P., ‘A Study of Organisational

Effectiveness Through R & D
Programmes’, Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis,
Rohtak, IMSAR, MDU, 1986, PP.92-94.
QUOTING FROM SECONDARY
SOURCE
 William, G.S., ‘A Study of
Organisational Capital Structure and
Level of Profitability’, Department of
State Bulletin, 59, 1986, quoted in
Michel, P., Economic Development
through Liberalisation, New York,
Longman, 1981, PP.40-41.
GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS

 Government of India, ‘India 2003: A

Reference Annual’, New Delhi:
Publication Division, 2004, PP.127-129.
INTERNET
 http://www.mdurohtak.com/imsar
/thesis/2002/anilkhurana
/professional growth of it industry.pdf
 http = Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
 www = World Wide Web
 HTML = Hyper Text Markup Language
 PDF = Portable Data File
CHAPTER II: METHODOLOGY &
STATISTICAL TOOLS APPLIED
 General Profile of the Industry
 Research Design
 Universe of the Study
 Survey Population
 Sample of the Study
 Collection of Information
 Secondary Data
 Primary Data
 Analysis Pattern
 Identified Variables
 Independent
 Dependent
 Extraneous
 Content Analysis
 Statistical Tools Used
CHAPTER III

Analysis of Significance of the Problem

CHAPTER IV

 Objective wise analysis of the

perceptions of respondents pertaining
to policies and practices of the sampled
organizations (Micro Analysis)
 Analysis of deficiencies in the policies
and deviations in their practice as
perceived by the respondents
CHAPTER V: MACRO ANALYSIS

 Major Findings of Chapter III and IV

 Interpretation of Findings
 Recommendations for Identified
Shortcomings
CHAPTER VI: SUMMARY

 Major Findings
 Recommendations
 Utility of the Research
 Suggestions for Future Researchers
The Reference Material
THE REFERENCE MATERIAL
 Appendices

 Glossary of Terms
 Bibliography
APPENDICES
 Appendix : A- Questionnaire/Scheduled
 Appendix : B- Raw Data (Analysis
Pattern)
 Appendix : C- Glossary of Terms
 Appendix: D-Bibliography
Precautions for writing
research report
 Length of the report
 Sustain reader’s interest
 Abstract terminology and technical
jargon should be avoided
 Use of charts, graphs and statistical
tables for quick knowledge