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Hinh11 Chuong 1
Hinh11 Chuong 1
Hnh hoc 11
CHNG I:
PHEP DI HNH VA PHEP ONG DANG TRONG MAT PHANG
I. Phep tnh tien
uuuuur r
Tvr : M a M MM ' = v
uuuuuu
r uuuu
r
Tvr (M) = M, Tvr (N) = N M ' N ' = MN
x' = x + a
Tvr : M(x; y) a M(x; y). Khi o:
y' = y + b
II. Phep oi xng
uuuuutruc
ur
uuuuur
d: M a M M0M ' = M0M (M0 la hnh chieu cua M tren d)
d(M) = M d(M) = M
d(M) = M, d(N) = N MN = MN
x' = x
Ox: M(x; y) a M(x; y). Khi o:
y' = y
x' = x
Oy: M(x; y) a M(x; y). Khi o:
y' = y
III. Phep oi xng
uuur tam
uuu
r
I: M a M IM ' = IM
I(M) = M I(M) = M
uuuuuu
r
uuuu
r
I(M) = M, I(N) = N M ' N ' = MN
Cho I(a; b). I: M(x; y) a M(x; y). Khi o:
x' = 2a x
y' = 2b y
ac biet:
O: M(x; y) a M(x; y). Khi o:
x' = x
y' = y
ne
u 0<
2
Q(I,)(d) = d. Khi o: ( d, d ') =
ne
u <
2
x' = y
Q(O,900): M(x; y) a M(x; y). Khi o:
y' = x
x' = y
Q(O,900): M(x; y) a M(x; y). Khi o:
y' = x
V. Phep v t
uuur
uuu
r
V(I,k): M a M IM ' = k.IM
(k 0)
uuuuuu
r
uuuu
r
V(I,k)(M) = M, V(I,k)(N) = N M ' N ' = k.MN
x' = kx + (1 k)a
Cho I(a; b). V(I,k): M(x; y) a M(x; y). Khi o:
y' = ky + (1 k)b
Chu y: Neu phep di hnh (phep ong dang) bien ABC
thanh ABC th no cung bien trong tam, trc tam, tam cac
1
Hnh hoc 11
Tran S Tung
Minh thng
r
a) v = ( 4; 3)
2)
r
b) v = (2; 1)
r
c) v = (2; 1)
Hnh hoc 11
r
d) v = (3;
x2 y2
Hnh hoc 11
Tran S Tung
HD: Xet cac phep oi xng truc: Ox(A) = A1; Oy(A) = A2. B, C la
cac giao iem cua A1A2 vi cac canh Ox, Oy.
5. Cho ABC co cac goc eu nhon va iem M chay tren canh BC.
Gia s AB(M) = M1, AC(M) = M2. Tm v tr cua M tren canh BC e
oan thang M1M2 co o dai ngan nhat.
HD: M la chan ng cao ve t A cua ABC.
6. Cho ABC can nh A. iem M chay tren BC. Ke MD AB, ME AC.
' M va chng to MD + ME khong phu
Goi D = BC(D). Tnh BD
thuoc vao v tr iem M.
' M = 1v; MD + ME = BH.
HD: BD
7. Tm anh cua cac iem sau qua phep oi xng truc Ox: A(2; 3),
B(2; 3), C(0; 6), D(4; 3).
8. Tm anh cua cac iem sau qua phep oi xng truc Oy: A(2; 3),
B(2; 3), C(0; 6), D(4; 3).
9. Tm anh cua iem A(3; 2) qua phep oi xng truc d vi d: x y
= 0.
10. Tm anh cua cac ng thang sau qua phep oi xng truc Ox:
a) x 2 = 0
b) y 3 = 0
c) 2x + y 4 = 0 d) x + y 1 = 0
11. Tm anh cua cac ng thang sau qua phep oi xng truc Oy:
a) x 2 = 0
b) y 3 = 0
c) 2x + y 4 = 0 d) x + y 1 = 0
12. Tm anh cua cac ng tron sau qua phep oi xng truc Ox:
a) (x + 1)2 + (y 1)2 = 9
b) x2 + (y 2)2 = 4
c) x2 + y2 4x 2y 4 = 0
d) x2 + y2 + 2x 4y 11 = 0
13. Tm anh cua cac ng tron sau qua phep oi xng truc Oy:
a) (x + 1)2 + (y 1)2 = 9
b) x2 + (y 2)2 = 4
2
2
c) x + y 4x 2y 4 = 0
d) x2 + y2 + 2x 4y 11 = 0
14. Tm anh cua cac elip sau qua phep oi xng truc Ox (Oy):
x2 y2
a)
b) x2 + 4y2 = 1
c) 9x2 + 16y2 = 144
+ =1
16 9
15. Tm anh cua cac hypebol sau qua phep oi xng truc Ox (Oy):
x2 y2
a)
b) x2 4y2 = 1
c) 9x2 25y2 = 225
=1
16 9
16. Tm anh cua cac parabol sau qua phep oi xng truc Ox:
a) y2 = 2x
b) x2 = 2y
c) y = x2
17. Tm anh cua cac parabol sau qua phep oi xng truc Oy:
a) y2 = 2x
b) x2 = 2y
c) y = x2
Minh thng
Hnh hoc 11
3. Cho ng tron (O, R) va mot day co nh AB = R 2 . iem M
thoa man MAB co cac goc eu nhon,
chay tren cung ln AB
co H la trc tam. AH va BH cat (O) theo th t tai A va B. AB
cat AB tai N.
a) Chng minh AB cung la ng knh cua ng tron (O, R).
b) T giac AMBN la hnh bnh hanh.
c) HN co o dai khong oi khi M chay nh tren.
d) HN cat AB tai I. Tm tap hp cac iem I khi M chay nh tren.
HD:
a) A' BB ' = 1v
b) AM //AN, BM // AN
c) HN = BA = 2R
Hnh hoc 11
Tran S Tung
2. Cho ABC. Dng ve pha ngoai tam giac o cac hnh vuong ABEF
va ACIK. Goi M la trung iem cua BC. Chng minh rang AM
1
vuong goc vi FK va AM = FK.
2
HD: Goi D = (A)(B). Xet phep quay Q(A,900).
3. Cho 3 iem A, B, C thang hang theo th t. Lay cac oan thang
AB, BC lam canh, dng cac tam giac eu ABE va BCF nam cung
ve mot pha so vi ng thang AB. Goi M, N lan lt la cac
trung iem cua cac oan thang AF, CE. Chng minh BMN eu.
HD: Xet phep quay Q(B,600).
4. Cho ABC. Lay cac canh cua tam giac o lam canh, dng ra
pha ngoai tam giac cac tam giac eu ABC 1, CAB1, CAB1. Chng
minh rang cac oan thang AA1, BB1, CC1 bang nhau.
HD: Xet cac phep quay Q(A,600), Q(B,600).
5. Cho ABC eu tam O. Tren cac canh AB, AC at cac oan thang
V. PHEP V T
1. Cho ABC vi trong tam G, trc tam H va tam ng tron ngoai
uuur
uuur
tiep O. Chng minh ba iem G, H, O thang hang va GH = 2GO .
HD: Xet phep v t V(G,2)(O) = H.
2. Tam giac ABC co hai nh B, C co nh, con nh A chay tren
mot ng tron (O). Tm qu tch trong tam G cua ABC.
Minh thng
Hnh hoc 11
HD: Goi I la trung iem cua BC. Xet phep v t
1
(I , ) (A)
3
= G.
Hnh hoc 11
Tran S Tung
1
bien iem M thanh M. Tm toa o
2
cua iem I trong cac trng hp sau:
a) M(4; 6) va M(3; 5). b) M(2; 3) va M(6; 1) c) M(1; 4) va M(3;
6)
10. Phep v t tam I t so k bien iem M thanh M. Tm k trong cac
trng hp sau:
a) I(2; 1), M(1; 1), M(1; 1).
b) I(1; 2), M(0; 4) va M(2; 0)
c) I(2; 1), M(1; 2), M(2; 3)
11. Tm anh cua cac ng thang sau qua phep v t tam O(0; 0)
t so k = 2:
a) x + 2y 1 = 0
b) x 2y + 3 = 0 c) y 3 = 0
d) x + 4 =
0
12. Tm anh cua ng thang d: x 2y + 1 = 0 qua phep v t tam
I(2; 1) t so k trong cac trng hp sau:
1
a) k = 1
b) k = 2
c) k = 1 d) k = 2 e) k =
f) k =
2
1
2
13. Trong mat phang Oxy, cho hai ng thang 1: x 2y + 1 = 0 va
2: x 2y + 4 = 0 va iem I(2; 1). Tm t so k e phep v t V (I,k)
bien 1 thanh 2.
14. Tm anh cua cac ng tron sau qua phep v t tam O(0; 0) t
so k = 2:
a) (x - 1)2 + (y- 5)2 = 4
b) (x + 2)2 + (y +1)2 = 9 c) x2 + y2 = 4
15. Tm anh cua ng tron (C): (x + 1)2 + (y 3)2 = 9 qua phep v t
tam I(2; 1) t so k trong cac trng hp sau:
1
a) k = 1
b) k = 2
c) k = 1 d) k = 2 e) k =
f) k =
2
1
2
16. Xet phep v t tam I(1; 0) t so k = 3 bien ng tron (C)
thanh (C). Tm phng trnh cua ng tron (C) neu biet phng
trnh ng tron (C) la:
a) (x - 1)2 + (y- 5)2 = 4
b) (x + 2)2 + (y +1)2 = 9 c) x2 + y2 = 1
9. Phep vi t tam I t so k =
ON TAP CHNG I
1. Cho hnh bnh hanh ABCD co CD co nh, ng cheo AC = a
khong oi. Chng minh rang khi A di ong th iem B di ong
tren mot ng tron xac nh.
Minh thng
Hnh hoc 11
2. Cho 2 iem A, B co nh thuoc ng tron (C) cho trc. M la
mot iem di ong tren (C) nhng khong trung vi A va B. Dng
hnh bnh hanh AMBN. Chng minh rang tap hp cac iem N la
mot ng tron.
3. Cho na ng tron tam O ng knh AB. Mot iem C chay
tren na ng tron o. Dng ve pha ngoai tam giac ABC hnh
vuong CBEF. Chng minh iem E chay tren mot na ng
tron co nh.
4. Cho hnh vuong ABCD co tam I. Tren tia BC lay iem E sao cho BE
= AI.
a) Xac nh mot phep di hnh bien A thanh B, I thanh E.
b) Dng anh cua hnh vuong ABCD qua phep di hnh ay.
5. Cho hai ng tron (O; R) va (O; R). Xac nh cac tam v t
3
cua hai ng tron neu R = 2R va OO = R.
2
r
6. Cho v = (2; 1), cac ng thang d: 2x 3y + 3 = 0, d 1: 2x 3y 5
= 0.
a) Viet phng trnh ng thang d = Tvr (d).
r
b) Tm toa o vect u vuong goc vi phng cua d sao cho d1 = Tur
(d).
r
7. Cho ng tron (C): x2 + y2 2x + 4y 4 = 0. Tm (C) = Tvr (C) vi v
= (2; 5).
8. Cho M(3; 5), ng thang d: 3x + 2y 6 = 0 va ng tron (C): x 2
+ y2 2x + 4y 4 = 0.
a) Tm anh cua M, d, (C) qua phep oi xng truc Ox.
b) Tm anh cua d va (C) qua phep oi xng tam M.
9. Tm iem M tren ng thang d: x y + 1 = 0 sao cho MA + MB la
ngan nhat vi A(0; 2), B(1; 1).
10. Viet phng trnh ng tron la anh cua ng tron tam A(2;
3) ban knh 4 qua phep oi xng tam, biet:
a) Tam oi xng la goc toa o O
b) Tam oi xng la
iem I(4; 2)
11. Cho ng thang d: x + y 2 = 0. Viet phng trnh cua ng
thang d la anh cua ng thang d qua phep quay tam O goc
quay , vi:
a) = 900
b) = 400.
r
12. Cho v = (3; 1) va ng thang d: y = 2x. Tm anh cua d qua phep
di hnh co c bang cach thc hien lien tiep phep quay
r
tam O goc 900 va phep tnh tien theo vect v .
13. Cho ng thang d: y = 2 2 . Viet phng trnh ng thang d la
anh cua d qua phep ong dang co c bang cach thc hien
1
lien tiep phep v t tam O t so k =
va phep quay tam O
2
goc 450.
14. Cho ng tron (C): (x 2) 2 + (y 1)2 = 4. Viet phng trnh ng
tron (C) la anh cua (C) qua phep ong dang co c bang
cach thc hien lien tiep phep v t tam O t so k = 2 va
phep oi xng qua truc Oy.
Hnh hoc 11
Tran S Tung
15. Xet phep bien hnh F bien moi iem M(x; y) thanh iem M(2x
+ 3; 2y 1). Chng minh F la mot phep ong dang.
10