291

Apndice A

Identidades
I = 1 = g
g
= g
g
= g
g

(A.1)

a b v = a (b v)

(A.2)

v a b = (v a) b

(A.3)

u v = Tr (u v)

(A.4)

= g
= g

g
g

(A.5)

g
g
= g
= g

(A.6)

= g
= g

g
g

(A.7)

g
g
= g
= g

(A.8)

g
=
g
g

(A.9)

g
(
g g
) =

(A.10)

a b v = a (b v)

(A.11)

v a b = (v a) b

(A.12)

a b : v w = (a w) (b v)

(A.13)

u v w x = u v (w x)

(A.14)

u v w : x y = u v w x w = u (w x) (v y)

g
g

2 g
3
1
2
3
g
1
1
v w = 1 2 3 =
2 3
1

2 3
1 2 3

(A.15)
(A.16)

292

1
2
3
1
u (v w) = v (w u) = w (u v) = 1 2 3

1 2 3
a (b c) = (a c) b (a b) c

(a b) (c d) = (a c) (b d) (a d) (b c)
(a b) (c d) = d a (b c) + c b (d a) d b (c a) c a (d b)
+ ((a c) (b d) (a d) (b c)) 1
=

(A.17)
(A.18)
(A.19)
(A.20)
(A.21)
(A.22)

Sea p un vector de posicin

p
=g

(A.23)

p
=g
g
= = Tr 1

p
g
= 1
p = g
= g

p
p=g
= g
g
= g
= 0

(A.25)

( v) = v + v

(A.27)

( v) = 2 v + v

v = ( v) en 3

(A.28)

( 1) =

(A.30)

( T) = T + T

(A.31)

(u v) = ( u) v + u v

(A.32)

(u T) = ( u) T + u T

(A.33)

(u T) = u : T + u ( T)
cuando T = T

g
g
2
g
3
1
1

v = : g
=
1 2 3
1
2
3

(A.34)

(u v) = v ( u) u ( v)

(A.36)

u ( v) = v u u v

(A.37)

(u v) = u v u v v u + v u

(A.38)

( v) = v + v

(A.39)

p=g

(A.24)

(A.26)

(A.29)

(A.35)

293
( v) = v + v
(u v) = u v + v u

= u ( v) + v ( u) + u v + v u
1
(v v) v ( v) = v v
2
( u) = 0

(A.40)

(A.41)
(A.42)
(A.43)

= 0

(A.44)

( v) = ( v) 2 v

(A.45)

2 ( ) = 2 + 2 () () + 2

det A = det (A)

(A.46)
(A.47)

det (A B) = det (A) det (B)

(A.49)

det ( A) = det (A) es la dimensin

(A.50)

Tr A = A : 1 = 1 : A =

(A.51)

Tr (A B) = Tr (A B) = Tr (B A) = A : B = B : A

(A.52)

Tr (ABC) = Tr (BCA) = Tr (CAB)

(A.53)

Tr A2 = A : A =

(A.54)

Tr A3 = (A A) : A =

Tr (ABC) = Tr A B C

(A.55)

det(A1 ) =

1
det (A)

(A.48)

(A.56)

Tr (ab) = a b = Tr (ba)

(A.57)

(A B) = B A
1 1
A
= A
= A

(A.58)

(A B)1 = B1 A1
2 2
= A
A
3 3
A
= A

=
donde es el cofactor de .

det

(A.59)
(A.60)
(A.61)
(A.62)
(A.63)

294

= Tr A

1
(Tr A)2 Tr A2
=
2

1 3
3
= det A =
Tr A + 3
3


1
(Tr A)3 3 Tr A Tr A2 + 2 Tr A3
=
6
1
=
3!
= 1 2 3

(A.64)
(A.65)
(A.66)
(A.67)
(A.68)
(A.69)

Ecuacin o polinomio caracterstico de un tensor de segundo orden A

3 2 + = 0

(A.70)