CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

QCVN xxx:2012/BTTTT

THUYT MINH
QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA V PH TN S V
TNG THCH IN T I VI THIT B TRUYN THANH
KHNG DY S DNG K THUT IU TN (FM) BNG TN
54-68MHz
National technical regulation on electromagnetic compatibility and radio
spectrum for the frequency modulated (FM) radio sound transmitting
equipment operating in the frequency band 54 MHz to 68 MHz

(HI THO LN 2)

H NI 2012

MC LC
MC LC............................................................................................................................................ 2
1

Gii thiu tiu chun .................................................................................................................... 3

1.1

Tn quy chun ....................................................................................................................... 3

1.2

M s: 52 12 KHKT TC. ............................................................................................... 3

2
Tng quan tiu chun, quy chun quc t v quc gia v pht thanh truyn hnh v truyn
thanh khng dy ................................................................................................................................... 3
2.1

Trong nc ............................................................................................................................ 3

2.1.1

R sot cc tiu chun, quy chun lin quan n pht thanh truyn hnh ...................... 3

2.1.2

Tiu chun v tng thch in t i vi thit b pht thanh, truyn hnh qung b ... 4

2.2 Cc tiu chun quc t v ph tn v tng thch in t i vi thit b pht thanh v

truyn hnh qung b ........................................................................................................................ 4

2.2.1

Cc tiu chun ca ETSI (y ban k thut in quc t) .............................................. 4

2.2.2

Tiu chun ca cc t chc khc.................................................................................... 4

Nhu cu s dng v tnh hnh chun ha i vi thit b truyn thanh khng dy Vit Nam .. 5
3.1

Hin trng s dng truyn thanh khng dy Vit Nam...................................................... 5

3.2

Tnh hnh chun ha .............................................................................................................. 8

S c xy dng tiu chun ........................................................................................................... 9

4.1

Phn tch ti liu .................................................................................................................... 9

4.2

Hi tho gia cc tn s v cc nh sn xut thit b:........................................................... 9

4.3

La chn s c .................................................................................................................... 10

4.4

Cc ch tiu k thut chnh m quy chun xy dng........................................................... 10

4.5

Hnh thc xy dng tiu chun ........................................................................................... 10

Ni dung d tho quy chun ...................................................................................................... 10

5.1

D tho quy chun .............................................................................................................. 10

5.2

Thuyt minh xy dng ni dung quy chun ........................................................................ 11

5.2.1

iu kin v mi trng kh hu ................................................................................. 11

5.2.2

Cng sut pht ti a .................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.2.3

Dung sai tn s v rng bng tn cn thit ............. Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.2.4

Cc php o ti cng anten .......................................................................................... 11

5.2.5

Cc php o cng v thit b (p dng nguyn vn QCVN 30: 2011) ........................ 15

5.3

Bng i chiu cc ni dung ca QCVN vi ti liu tham kho ........................................ 16

5.4

Khuyn ngh p dng .......................................................................................................... 18

1
1.1

Gii thiu tiu chun

Tn quy chun

Quy chun k thut quc gia v ph tn s v tng thch in t i vi thit b

truyn thanh khng dy s dng k thut iu tn (FM), bng tn 54-68 MHz.
1.2
2

M s: 52 12 KHKT TC.
Tng quan tiu chun, quy chun quc t v quc gia v pht thanh truyn hnh
v truyn thanh khng dy

Hin nay, trong nc cng ban hnh mt s quy chun lin quan n truyn hnh v
truyn thanh. Trong s c cc quy chun v ph tn v tng thch in t cho cc thit
b v tuyn, c th cng c cc quy chun v pht thanh qung b s dng k thut iu
tn FM. Nhng cha c tiu chun p dng cho thit b truyn thanh khng dy.
2.1

Trong nc

2.1.1 R sot cc tiu chun, quy chun lin quan n pht thanh truyn hnh
Tnh n thi im hin nay, Vit Nam ban hnh cc tiu chun v cc quy chun v
pht thanh truyn hnh, c th bao gm:
1. QCVN 30:2011: V ph tn v tng thch in t i vi thit b pht thanh qung
b s dng k thut iu tn (di tn t 68-108 MHz).
2. QCVN 47:2011: V ph tn s v bc x v tuyn in p dng cho cc thit b thu
pht v tuyn in.
3. QCVN 31: 2011: V ph tn v tng thch in t i vi thit b truyn hnh
qung b mt t s dng k thut s DVB T. Quy chun ny p dng cho cc
loi my pht dng cho dch v pht hnh qung b mt t s dng k thut s theo
tiu chun DVB-T ca Chu u, vi rng bng tn knh 8 MHz, hot ng trong
cc bng tn CEPT. Hin ti, cc bng tn s ny nm trong cc bng truyn hnh
III, IV, V.
4. TCVN 6850-1:2001, My pht thanh sng cc ngn (FM) - Phn 1: Thng s c
bn.
5. QCVN 17:2010: V ph tn v tng thch in t i vi thit b pht hnh s
dng cng ngh tng t.
6. QCVN 18: 2010/BTTTT: V tng thch in t i vi thit b thng tin v tuyn
in
7. QCVN 29: 2011/BTTTT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v ph tn v tng thch
in t i vi thit b pht thanh qung b s dng k thut iu bin (AM).
8. TCVN 8088:2009: Thit b v h thng m thanh gia dng c chnh xc cao.
Phng php o v xc nh tnh nng
9. TCVN 8666:2011: Thit b Set-top Box trong mng truyn hnh cp k thut s.
Yu cu k thut
10. TCVN 7600:2006: My thu thanh, thu hnh qung b v thit b kt hp. c tnh
nhiu tn s raio. Gii hn v phng php o
11. TCVN 6849-1:2001: My pht thanh iu bin.
12. TCVN 6768-3:2000: Thit b v h thng nghe nhn, video v truyn hnh
13. TCVN 6697-5:2009: Thit b h thng m thanh
14. TCVN 6385:2009: Thit b nghe, nhn v thit b in t tng t
15. TCVN 6098-2:2009: Phng php o my thu hnh dng trong truyn hnh qung
b
16. TCVN 5831:1999: My pht hnh cc thng s c bn v phng php o
3

2.1.2 Tiu chun v tng thch in t i vi thit b pht thanh, truyn hnh
qung b
QCVN 47:2011/BTTTT l quy chun quy nh v ph tn v bc x v tuyn in
p dng cho cc thit b thu pht v tuyn, quy nh nhng iu kin chung nht cho cc
thit b thu pht v tuyn.
QCVN 30: 2011 quy nh v ph tn v tng thch in t i vi thit b pht
thanh qung b s dng k thut iu tn nhng trong di tn t 68-108 MHz ch cha
chun ha cho di tn t 54-68 MHz.
Mt khc theo quy hoch ph tn s v tuyn quy nh di tn t 54-68 MHz u tin
s dng cho truyn thanh khng dy. Trong khi cc nh sn xut thit b s dng cho
truyn thanh khng dy ang sn xut cc thit b truyn thanh khng theo mt tiu chun
c th no m mang tnh cht t pht dn n gy can nhiu cho cc thit b hot ng trong
cc di tn khc, c bit l trong nghip v dn ng hng khng.
2.2

Cc tiu chun quc t v ph tn v tng thch in t i vi thit b pht

thanh v truyn hnh qung b

Cc t chc tiu chun quc t hin nay v ang hon thin cc tiu chun v ph
tn s v tng thch in t i vi cc thit b s dng k tht iu tn FM, trong c
bng tn 54-68 MHz. Nhiu loi thit b truyn thanh khng dy c ch to trn c s
cc chun c xy dng.
2.2.1 Cc tiu chun ca ETSI (y ban k thut in quc t)
y ban k thut in quc t c mt s tiu chun lin quan n pht thanh v truyn
hnh, nh sau:
1. ETSI 300 750: Radio broadcasting systems; Very High Frequency (VHF), frequency
modulated, sound broadcasting transmitters in the 66 to 73 MHz band.
2. ETSI 300 384: UER Radio broadcasting systems; Very High Frequency (VHF),
frequency modulated, sound broadcasting transmitters.
3. ETSI 300 447: Radio equipment and systems (RES); Electromagnetic compatibility
(EMC) standard for VHF FM broadcasting transmitters.
2.2.2 Tiu chun ca cc t chc khc
i vi cc t chc khc cng c nhiu tiu chun lin quan n pht thanh truyn
hnh, c bit l lin quan n vn ph tn v tng thch in t. Cc tiu chun bao
gm:
1. CAN/CSA: Sound and television broadcasting receivers and associated equipment limits and methods of measurement of immunity characteristics.
2. CISPR 13: Sound and television broadcast receivers and associated equipment Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement
3. CISPR 20: Sound and television broadcast receivers and associated equipment Immunity characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement
4. CISPR/TR 29: Television broadcast receivers and associated equipment - Immunity
characteristics - Methods of objective picture assessment.
5. EN 55013:2001: Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance
characteristics of broadcast receivers and associated equipment; Amendment 1:2003.
4

6. EN 55020:2002: Electromagnetic immunity of broadcast receivers and associated

equipment; Amendment 1:2003.
7. CSA-C108.9-M1991: Sound and television broadcasting receivers and associated
equipmentlimits and methods of measurement of immunity characteristics;
Reaffirmed: 2003.
8. CISPR 13, Ed. 4.1 (2003): Limits and methods of measurement of radio interference
characteristics of sound and television broadcast receivers and associated equipment;
Amendment 2:2006.
9. CISPR 20, Amendment 2, Ed. 5.0 (2005): Sound and television broadcast receivers
and associated equipment immunity characteristicsLimits and methods of
measurement.
10. CISPR/TR 29, Ed. 1.0 (2004): Television broadcast receivers and associated
equipmentImmunity characteristicsMethods of objective picture assessment.
11. IEEE 213:1987: Standard procedure for measuring conducted emissions in the range
of 300 kHz to 25 MHz from television and FM broadcast receivers to power lines;
Reaffirmed: 1998.
12. ITU-R SM.329-11: Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain.
c kt qu cao trong vic thu pht v tuyn, s dng ph tn v vic thu pht
khng lm nh hng n cc thit b thu pht khc cng nh khng lm nh hng ti mi
trng xung quanh th cc sn phm thu pht sn xut ra phi hp quy cc iu kin v ph
tn v tng thch in t.
3
3.1

Nhu cu s dng v tnh hnh chun ha i vi thit b truyn thanh khng dy

Vit Nam
Hin trng s dng truyn thanh khng dy Vit Nam

i truyn thanh khng dy (TTKD) l cng c truyn thanh quan trng ca cc

phng, x, th trn nhm tuyn truyn ch trng, ng li ca ng v php lut ca
Nh nc. TTKD cn ph bin cc thng tin v kinh t, vn ha, x hi, phng chng cc
t nn x hi ti a phng, gp phn xy dng nng thn mi. Ngoi ra truyn thanh
khng dy cn s dng mt s ni thng bo cc thng tin khi cn thit nh nh
trng, nh ga, sn bay
Theo Quyt nh s 35/2005/Q ca B Bu chnh Vin thng ph duyt phn b
knh tn s cho pht thanh qung b FM bng tn 87-108 MHz n nm 2010, i tng p
dng l:
Cc i pht sng pht thanh FM ca i Ting ni Vit Nam;
Cc i pht sng pht thanh FM ca cc i pht thanh truyn hnh tnh, thnh ph
trc thuc Trung ng theo giy php hot ng pht thanh truyn hnh do B Vn
ha - Thng tin cp;
Cc i pht sng th nghim, cc i pht sng chng trnh c th, cc i pht
sng cng sut nh nhm mc ch pht li chng trnh ca i Ting ni Vit
Nam, chng trnh ca cc i pht thanh truyn hnh tnh, thnh ph trc thuc
Trung ng v cc i truyn thanh cp huyn (th), x (phng), cc i ca t
chc, doanh nghip khng c quy nh trong quy hoch ny v c n nh tn
s c th trn c s khng gy can nhiu c hi cho cc i trong quy hoch, cc i
thng tin v tuyn in khc.
Do trc Cc Tn s cp php hot ng cho cc thit b truyn thanh FM a
vo hot ng p ng kp thi nhu cu s dng trc mt. Song trong thi gian gn y
5

c mt s bo co cho bit nghip v truyn thanh FM nh hng n nghip v dn ng

hng khng gy nguy him cho cc chuyn bay.
lm r s vic ny, Cc xc nh s lng thit b pht sng ca cc i pht
thanh truyn hnh (PTTH) khng p ng tiu chun hin hnh bt buc p dng v pht x
khng hp quy chun trong s thit b o chim t l cao. C th t l ny ca thit b
pht thanh, truyn hnh khng p ng ca cp trung ng cao nht l 66,7% (tc l c 6
thit b c kim tra th c 4 thit b vi phm), cp tnh l 55,3% v cp huyn l 48,5%.
V thit b TTKD Cc Tn s v tuyn in tin hnh kim tra cht lng pht x, t l
thit b TTKD khng p ng quy chun l 25%. Ngoi ra, qua cng tc kim tra pht
hin mt s chng loi thit b TTKD c tn s khng ng bng tn cho pht thanh qung
b. Theo kho st ca cc S Thng tin Truyn thng t cc tnh c hai di tn chnh m
truyn thanh khng dy ang hot ng l bng tn 54-68 MHz v bng tn 87-108 MHz.
khc phc hin tng ny, Th tng Chnh ph k Quyt nh s
22/2009/Q-TTg ngy 16 thng 02 nm 2009 ph duyt Quy hoch truyn dn, pht sng
pht thanh, truyn hnh n nm 2020, trong nu r: Bng tn 54-68 MHz c quy
hoch cho h thng pht thanh cng sut nh, pht thanh s. Theo tinh thn , B Thng
tin v Truyn thng ban hnh Ch th s 03/CT-BTTTT :
Tng cng cng tc qun l cht lng thit b pht thanh, truyn hnh v truyn
thanh khng dy.
Tng cng cng tc chng nhn hp quy thit b pht sng PTTH, TTKD, cng tc
kim nh, qun l hot ng cng b s ph hp i vi cc cng trnh l cc i
pht sng KTTH trc khi a vo s dng;
Tng cng kim sot tn s v tuyn in nhm pht hin kp thi cc i PTTH,
TTKD s dng khng hp php, khng p ng quy chun k thut. Kp thi gii
quyt khi c can nhiu
Hng dn, kim tra UBND phng, x thuc a bn tnh xy dng k hoch trang
b thit b pht sng trong bng tn 54-68 MHz trin khai h thng TTKD theo
ng Quy hoch ;
Nghim cm t chc, c nhn sn xut, nhp khu, kinh doanh, lu thng, s dng
thit b PTTH, TTKD khng p ng tiu chun k thut bt buc p dng, quy
chun k thut; c tn s hot ng khng ph hp vi Quy hoch tn s v tuyn
in s dng ti Vit Nam
D tho Quy hoch s dng knh tn s pht thanh FM bng tn 87-108 MHz s c
ban hnh trong thi gian ti, quy nh:
Khng cp mi giy php cho cc i TTKD (87-108)MHz.
Cc i TTKD (87-108)MHz c cp php c tip tc gia hn giy php vi
iu kin khng gy nhiu c hi v khng c khng ngh nhiu t cc i pht
sng pht thanh FM.
D tho Quy hoch s dng knh tn s pht thanh FM bng tn 87-108 MHz n
nm 2015 s c ban hnh trong thi gian ti, c cc ni dung:
Cc i TTKD (87-108)MHz phi thc hin chuyn i tn s hot ng xung
bng tn (54-68)MHz theo l trnh (d kin mun nht trc ngy 31/12/2015);
Khi c khng ngh v vic gy nhiu c hi cho cc i FM cp huyn tr ln th i
TTKD (87-108)MHz phi p dng ngay cc bin php k thut loi b nhiu c
hi; nu khng loi b c th phi chuyn i xung bng tn (54-68)MHz hoc
ngng s dng.
6

Tnh hnh cp php i vi cc thit b truyn thanh khng dy c thng k nh

trong bng di y.
Cc Tn s kim tra v th l 2882 h s i TTKD, cp php 2411 i TTKD
chim 21,7% tng s phng x th trn;
ang x l 409 h s cp php;
Yu cu chuyn i 62 i TTKD sai quy hoch.
Bng 1.

Trung
tm

cp php

Tnh hnh cp php

ang x l h s

Khng ng quy
hoch

87 108
MHz

54 68
MHz

230 270 MHz

136 174 MHz

63

115

87
108
MHz
0

126

107

26

80

361

66

39 (HCM, N,
BRVT)
0

34

34

17

111

263

41

15 (Thi Bnh)

34

310

12

170

465

132

214

Tng
cng

624

1787

66

343

62

54 68
MHz

V vn x l sai phm:
T 01/01/2011 n 31/03/2012, pht hin 257 i TTKD vi phm do s dng
khng c giy php, sai tn s so vi Giy php.
100% cc i vi phm hon thin h s cp php ngay khi c hng dn.
Cc Tn s phi hp vi cc S Thng tin v Truyn thng yu cu 29 i
TTKD trong di tn 136 -174 MHz, 230 270 MHz ngng hot ng do sai quy
hoch v tip tc n c 62 i iu chnh v ng di tn c quy hoch.

V vn gy can nhiu:

Nm
Can nhiu
2008 2009 2010

n
thng

Ghi ch

3/2012
Mng iu
hnh bay

i TTKD

Do pht x gi ca
i TTKD
Do cht lng b
lc thu

Tng
s
5
8

o kim tra cht lng theo TCN 68-192: 2003:

Tng s

t tiu chun

Khng t

241

85

156

Kin ngh i vi B Thng tin v Truyn thng:

S Thng tin v Truyn thng tham mu cho UBND tnh, thnh ph ban hnh cc
vn bn tng cng qun l vic u t, trang b, sn xut v s dng i TTKD
theo tinh thn ca ch th 03/CT-BTTTT ngy 03/8/2011 ca B TT&TT v Quyt
nh s 22/2009/Q-TTg (Quy hoch TD, PS PTTH n nm 2020).
B TT&TT sm ban hnh quy chun k thut v ph tn v tng thch in t i
vi thit b TTKD, bng tn 54-68MHz;
Cc n v sn xut, nhp khu thit b TTKD ph hp vi quy hoch tn s v tun
th tiu chun cht lng ca thit b.
3.2

Tnh hnh chun ha

Nh trnh by trn, Vit Nam hin cha c tiu chun quy nh c th cho cc
thit b truyn thanh khng dy s dng k thut iu tn, di tn 54-68 kHz. Cc tiu chun
v tng thch in t nh QCVN 30:2011 ch quy nh cho dch v pht thanh qung b
hot ng trong di tn 68-108 MHz. Vi nhng c th ring ca pht thanh khng dy l
s dng cng sut thp, 30W cho vng ng bng v 50W vng min ni. V khng
cn thit phi yu cu cht lng cao nn ch xt my pht hot ng ch mono.
Do nhng c th ring nh vy v nhu cu hin ti ca cc thit b truyn thanh
khng dy hin ang s dng ti Vit Nam m cn phi xy dng quy chun k thut quc
gia v ph tn s v tng thch in t i vi thit b truyn thanh khng dy s dng k
thut iu tn FM bng tn 54-68 MHz kim sot bc x, can nhiu v tng thch in
t trong h thng truyn thanh khng dy nhm pht huy hiu qu ca h thng pht thanh
truyn hnh v truyn thanh khng dy. Qua , nng cao hiu lc qun l nh nc v tn
s v tuyn in, gii quyt kp thi v ngn nga nguy c nhiu c hi do cc i pht
thanh truyn hnh v truyn thanh khng dy gy ra.
8

V vy, xy dng quy chun v ph tn v tng thch in t cho thit b truyn thanh
khng dy trong di tn 54 68 MHz ang l cn thit v cp bch phc v cho vic
qun l v gim thiu nh hng n cc h thng v tuyn khc.
4
4.1

S c xy dng tiu chun

Phn tch ti liu

QCVN 30:2011/BTTTT: Quy nh ph tn v tng thch in t i vi cc thit b

pht thanh qung b s dng k thut iu tn, bng tn t 68-108 MHz. Trong c cc
yu cu v iu kin mi trng hot ng ca thit b; iu kin v nhit , m, p
sut, tn s ca in li, in p ngun in li, sai s cho php i vi in p li; iu
kin v pht x khng mong mun nh gii hn pht x gi, pht x ngoi bng; ngt pht
x khi dch tn v yu cu v bc x v my. Tiu chun ny p dng cho cc thit b pht
thanh iu tn s dng cho nghip v pht thanh qung b s dng k thut iu tn lm
vic trong c hai ch mono v stereo trong di tn thuc quy nh ca quy chun ny.
Quy chun QCVN 47:2011/BTTTT: Quy chun k thut ny quy nh cc yu cu k
thut v ph tn s v bc x v tuyn in i vi thit b thu pht sng v tuyn in hot
ng trong di tn s t 9 kHz n 40 GHz, s dng cc phng thc iu ch, m ho v
nn dn ph tn khc nhau. Trong quy chun k thut ny nu ra cc yu cu k thut chung
v yu cu c th v can nhiu t cc i v tuyn in (trong c cc yu cu v dung sai
tn s cho cc my pht v mc pht x gi ti a cho php i vi k thut iu ch, di
tn hot ng, mc cng sut pht cho php). Ngoi ra c cc quy nh v qun l, trch
nhim ca t chc c nhn, t chc thc hin. Quy chun ny p dng trong hot ng
chng nhn hp quy cc thit b thu pht v tuyn in v ph tn s v bc x trong trng
hp cha c quy chun k thut ring v ph tn s v bc x.
TCVN 6850-1:2001: My pht thanh sng cc ngn. Phn 1: Thng s c bn. Tiu
chun ny p dng cho my pht thanh sng cc ngn (gi tt l my pht thanh FM) dng
trong lnh vc qung b. Tiu chun ny qui nh cc thng s c bn ca my pht thanh
FM lm vic di tn s t 87,5 MHz n 108 MHz, bao gm cc ch tiu k thut lin
quan n thit b pht thanh FM v cp ch yu n cht lng iu ch, mo hi, cc
c trng ca tn hiu m tn. Tiu chun ny ging nh qui nh cho cc nh sn xut ra
tiu chun c s, khng bao gm v tng thch in t, hiu qu s dng ph tn s v tiu
chun ny khng c ph tn s TTKD 54~68Mhz.
ETS 300 750 v cc h thng qung b v tuyn, cc my pht thanh qung b s
dng k thut iu tn hot ng trong bng tn 66 n 73 MHz. Quy nh v nhiu ch tiu
k thut, trong c quy nh v mc pht x khng mong mun (pht x gi v pht x
ngoi bng).
4.2

Hi tho gia cc tn s v cc nh sn xut thit b:

xut ca cc nh sn xut thit b:
+ V bng tn 54~68Mhz, nu tip tc s dng bng thng 180kHz cho mono v
300kHz cho stereo nh TCVN trn v tiu chun ITU (Lin minh vin thng
quc t), th e rng ph tn 14MHz ca bng tn 54~68Mhz khng p ng c
cho vic phn b tn s cho cc i TT c s. Mt khc, vi FM bng thng rng
cng gp phn gy pht x hi trong ph tn.
+ Theo thc nghim th nghim, ngh cc n v qun l, nu c nn chn
bng thng 90 kHz cho TTKD l ph hp.
Kt lun:
+ Ch pht ch mono tit kim ph tn;
9

+ Bng thng l 100 KHz;

+ di tn cc i l 40 KHz;
+ Cng sut pht ti a cho vng ng bng l 30W, cho vng min ni l 50W.
4.3

La chn s c

Quy chun v ph tn s v tng thch in t i vi k thut pht thanh qung b

s dng k thut iu tn c quy chun QCVN 30:2011 nhng p dng cho thit b hot
ng trong di tn 68-108 MHz. i vi cc thit b truyn thanh khng dy hot ng
trong di tn khc, 54 -68 (di tn theo quy nh ca ti liu Quy hoch ph tn s v
tuyn u tin dnh cho nghip v truyn thanh khng dy), v c nhng yu cu ring l
c th ca truyn thanh khng dy. Cc ni dung chnh cng nh trong QCVN 30:2011 v
ph hp vi QCVN 47:2011. Tuy nhin do cc c th ring nn cc gi tr gii hn v cc
tiu ch c mt s thay i. C th s c trnh by trong ni dung tiu chun. Nh vy
QCVN 30:2011 (QCVN 30:2011 ph hp vi ITU-R SM.329 11) v QCVN 47:2011 l
hai s c quan trng xy dng quy chun ny. Ngoi hai tiu chun trn, nhm xy dng
tiu chun cn tham kho tiu chun ETS 300 750 i vi tiu ch pht x khng mong
mun, v trong chun ny v quy chun ang xy dng c mt di tn s trng nhau l 66
68 MHz.
Ngoi cc tiu chun trn th khi xy dng quy chun ny, nhm thc hin xy dng
quy chun p dng thm cc iu kin rng buc nh trong kt lun ca hi tho gia cc
tn s v cc nh sn xut thit b ngy 12/04/2012.
4.4

Cc ch tiu k thut chnh m quy chun xy dng

Cn c vo cc ni dung xy dng v ph tn s v tng thch in t i vi thit b

pht thanh qung b s dng k thut iu tn hot ng trng di tn 68 108 MHz. Ta
xy dng cc ni dung cho quy chun ny nh sau:
iu kin mi trng;

4.5

Yu cu i vi pht x gi;

Yu cu i vi ngt pht x khi dch tn;

Yu cu i vi pht x ngoi bng;

Yu cu i vi bc x v my;

Quy nh v qun l;

Trch nhim ca t chc, c nhn.

Hnh thc xy dng tiu chun

i vi nhng tiu ch m iu kin ph hp vi QCVN 30:2011 th tham chiu trc

tip n quy chun. i vi nhng tiu ch khc th xy dng da trn QCVN 47:2011, ETS
300 750 ng thi tha mn iu kin c th ca TTKD Vit Nam.
5
5.1

Ni dung d tho quy chun

D tho quy chun

Km theo thuyt minh ny l bn d tho Quy chun k thut quc gia v ph tn s

v tng thch in t i vi thit b truyn thanh khng dy s dng k thut iu tn FM,
bng tn 54-68 MHz. Cc ni dung chnh nh sau:
1. QUY NH CHUNG
1.1. Phm vi iu chnh
10

1.2. i tng p dng

1.3. Ti liu vin dn
1.4. Gii thch t ng
1.5. K hiu/Ch vit tt
2. QUY NH K THUT
2.1. iu kin mi trng
2.1.1 iu kin lm vic danh nh
2.1.2. iu kin lm vic m rng
2.2. Cc php o ti cng anten
2.2.1. Cng sut u ra danh nh
2.2.2. Pht x gi
2.2.3. Ngt pht x gii hn khi dch tn
2.2.4. Pht x ngoi bng
2.3. Cc php o cng v thit b
2.3.1. Bc x v my
2.4. Sai s php o
3. QUY NH V QUN L
4. TRCH NHIM CA T CHC C NHN
5. T CHC THC HIN
PH LC A (bt buc) Cu hnh o vi cc bi o
PH LC B (tham kho) rng bng thng cn thit
5.2

Thuyt minh xy dng ni dung quy chun

5.2.1 iu kin v mi trng kh hu

iu kin lm vic danh nh: Tham chiu mc 2.1 TCVN: 6850-1:2001
iu kin lm vic m rng: Tham chiu mc 2.1 TCVN: 6850-1:2001
5.2.2 Cc php o ti cng anten
5.2.2.1 o cng sut u ra danh nh
Phng php o kim: Do quy chun cng p dng cho cc thit b thuc nhm pht
thanh qung b s dng k thut iu tn nn iu kin o v th tc o pht x gi i vi
cc thit b cn o s dng trong theo quy nh ti mc 4.3.1 tiu chun tiu chun ETSI EN
302 018-1V1.2.1 (2006-3) ca Vin Tiu chun Vin thng chu u (ETSI).
Gi tr gii hn:
Vi thit b hot ng ti khu vc ng bng trung du, cng sut pht ti a l 30 W
p dng theo hng dn ti Cng vn s 601/CTS-PTTH ngy 12/04/2007 ca Cc Tn s
V tuyn in.
Thit b hot ng ti khu vc min ni, cng sut pht ti a 50W p dng theo
kin thng nht ti Hi tho "Thit b truyn thanh khng dy bng tn 54 - 68 MHz" din
11

ra H Ni ngy 12/4 do Cc Tn s V tuyn in t chc. Do a hnh min ni phc tp

nn cng sut c th hn ch mc ti a 50W.
5.2.2.2 Pht x gi
Pht x gi l pht x ti mt hoc nhiu tn s ngoi bng tn cn thit v
c th gim mc pht x m khng lm nh hng n thng tin truyn dn. Pht
x gi bao gm pht x hi, pht x k sinh, cc sn phm xuyn iu ch v cc sn
phm chuyn i tn s nhng khng tnh n cc pht x ngoi bng.
Phng php o kim: Do quy chun cng p dng cho cc thit b thuc nhm pht
thanh qung b s dng k thut iu tn nn iu kin o v th tc o pht x gi i vi
cc thit b cn o s dng trong QCVN 30: 2011 cng p dng c cho bi o pht x gi
thuc quy chun ny.
Gi tr gii hn: Gi tr gii hn mc pht x gi trong quy chun ny p dng
QCVN 47: 2011 v yu cu mc pht x gi ti a cho php i vi cc my pht c lp
t sau ngy 01/01/2012 i vi cc my pht thanh qung b s dng k thut iu tn FM
mc pht x gi l:
Gi tr gii hn = 46 + 10log(P)
Hoc bng 70dBc nu cng thc trn cho gi tr ln hn 70dBc
Tuy nhin QCVN 47 ch l yu cu chung, khng ph hp cho tng trng hp c
th.
QCVN 30:2011 cng ph hp vi QCVN 47 i vi cc gi tr cng sut nh th gi
tr pht x gi. Song gi tr p dng trong khong cng sut t khong t 9W n 50W l
75dBc. Vi tiu chun ny gn cng loi nhm thit b v c bit l di tn ngay di
di tn s dng trong QCVN 30:2011 nn nhm xy dng tham kho v p dng gi tr gii
hn ny.
Ta c gi tr gii hn i vi pht x gi trong di tn t 9kHz 1GHz tng ng
vi cc mc cng sut pht nh hn 50W nh Bng 1:

Cng sut trung bnh

ca my pht

Cc gi tr gii hn Mc cng sut trung bnh tuyt

i (dBm) hoc tng i (dBc) nh hn cng sut cp
ti cng ng ten trong bng tn tham chiu

P < 9 dBW

-36 dBm

9 dBW < P < 17 dBW

75 dBc

Cc gi tr ny c biu din nh Hnh 1.

12

dBc
-40

-50

W
25
0,

-60

-70

-80

-90

dBW
-20

-10

10

17

0.01W

0.1W

1W

10W

50W

Hnh 1. Gii hn pht x gi cho my pht thanh FM trong di tn t 9kHz

1GHz
5.2.2.3 Ngt pht x gii hn khi dch tn
S trit tiu cc pht x khi my pht thc hin thay i tn s hoc mt iu khin
tn s sng mang. iu ny thng lin quan n cc my pht nhy tn s dng mch
vng iu khin tn s.
Phng php o kim: Tng t, th tc thc hin v iu kin o kim p dng
nh QCVN 30: 2011.
Gi tr gii hn: Gi tr gii hn quy nh nh trong gii hn ca pht x gi.
5.2.2.4 Pht x ngoi bng
Pht x ti mt hoc nhiu tn s ngay st bng tn cn thit. Pht x ny l kt
qu ca qu trnh iu ch khng tnh n pht x gi.
Theo quy chun ny, pht x ngoi bng l pht x nm ngoi rng bng tn cn
thit v nm trong di tn f0 f, trong f0 l tn s trung tm ca knh, f c tnh theo
ITU-R.SM 1541 th f bng 2,5 ln bng tn cn thit, nh vy s thuc khong
(50250kHz).

13

Phng php o kim: iu kin o kim p dng QCVN 30: 2011, th tc thc
hin o kim i vi quy chun ny ch xt trng hp my pht hot ng ch mono
v rng bng thng l 100 kHz.
Gi tr gii hn: So vi QCVN 30, quy chun ny ch xt vi rng bng thng
cn thit l 100 kHz, trong khong mc pht x ngoi bng phi bng 0 dBc, i vi cc
khong nm ngoi bng thng cn thit ta p dng mc gii hn c bit thin nh trong
khong ngoi bng thng cn thit ca QCVN 30.
Gi tr gii hn i vi pht x ngoi bng:

Tn s trung tm (kHz)

Mc (dBc)

350

-85

250

-85

150

-80

50

-50

-150

-80

-250

-85

-350

-85

Biu din trn hnh v:

0
-20
-40

dBc

-60
-80
-100
-120
-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

100

200

300

400

500

Tn s trung tm
14

Hnh 2: Gii hn pht x ngoi bng

5.2.3 Cc php o cng v thit b (p dng nguyn vn QCVN 30: 2011)
5.2.3.1 Bc x v my
Pht x t vt cha, t v thit b khng tnh n cc thit b ti cng ng ten hoc
cp truyn dn.
Phng php o:
y l thit b pht cng sut v bng tn thp, cc bi o c thc hin trong
phng th nghim. Phng php o tun th TCVN 7189:2009. Php o c thc hin
trong bng tn loi tr.
Tnh ton bng tn loi tr:
Theo ETSI (b t/c EN 301489 series), ty theo tng loi thit b, cng ngh m c
rt nhiu cch tnh ton bng tn loi. V d:
Theo EN 301489-11 '"Thit b pht thanh qung b mt t": +/-300kHz (FM); +/500% bng thng cn thit (AM); +/-3MHz (T-DAB)
Theo EN 301489-3 "Thit b SRDs": Bng tn loi tr bng 3 ln bng thng chim
dng cc i;
Theo EN 301489-7 "Thit b GSM": Bng tn loi tr bng 3 ln khong cch knh
Theo EN 301489-24 "Thit b CDMA 1x": Bng tn loi tr bng 2,5 ln bng thng
cn thit;
Theo EN 301489-22 "Thit b c nh v lu ng hng khng": Bng tn loi tr
bng 5 ln bng thng my thu + 20 ln bng thng o.
Nh vy vic tn ton bng tn loi tr u ph thuc vo cc yu t c bn nh
bng thng cn thit, bng thng chim dng hoc phn knh tn s. Thit b
TTKD (BW=100 kHz) c cng ngh tng t nh pht thanh qung b (BW=200kHz)
nhng bng thng cn thit nh hn nn bng tn loi tr s nh hn. Nu chn phng
php tnh bng tn loi tr = 3 ln bng thng cn thit nh i vi thit b pht thanh qung
b th i vi TTKD bng tn loi tr s l +/- 150kHz.
Gi tr gii hn:
Cc yu cu v bc x v my ch yu l xt n nh hng ca n n mi trng
xung quanh, c bit l mi trng sng. Thit b s dng trong truyn thanh khng dy
thuc h ca thit b pht thanh qung b, p dng gi tr gii hn nh trong QCVN
30:2011 (QCVN 31:2011) v yu cu bc x v my.

15

90
30MHz-230MHz
230MHz-1GHz

80

dBVm

70

60

50
40

30

dBm

30

40

47

1W

10W

50W

Cng sut pht trung bnh

Hnh 3: Gii hn bc x v

Bng i chiu cc ni dung ca QCVN vi ti liu tham kho

QCVN

Ti liu tham kho

Sa i, b sung

1. Quy nh chung
1.1 Phm vi iu chnh

T xy dng

1.2. i tng p dng

T xy dng

1.3. Ti liu vin dn

T xy dng

1.4. Gii thch t ng

T xy dng

1.5. K hiu/ Ch vit tt

T xy dng

2. Quy nh k thut
2.1. iu kin mi trng

TCVN 6850-1:2001

2.2. Cng sut pht ti a

Theo quy nh ca Cc Tn
s V tuyn in v kin
cc nh sn xut

16

2.3. Dung sai tn s v

rng bng tn cn thit
2.3.1. Dung sai tn s cho
php

QCVN 47:2011

Quy nh vi thit b cng

sut < 50W

2.3.2. rng bng thng

cn thit

QCVN 47:2011

Tnh ton theo thc t h

thng truyn thanh khng
dy

QCVN 30:2011

Chp nhn nguyn vn

2.4.1.2. Phng php o

kim

QCVN 30:2011

Chp nhn nguyn vn

2.4.1.3. Gi tr gii hn

QCVN 30:2011; QCVN

47:2011

2.4. Cc php o ti cng

an ten
2.4.1. Pht x gi
2.4.1.1. nh ngha

Tham kho hai quy chun

xy dng theo cng sut h
thng

2.4.2. Ngt pht x khi

dch tn
2.4.2.1. nh ngha

QCVN 30:2011

Chp nhn nguyn vn

2.4.2.2. Php o

QCVN 30:2011; QCVN

47:2011

Chp nhn nguyn vn

2.4.2.3. Gi tr gii hn

QCVN 30:2011; QCVN

47:2011

Tham kho hai quy chun

xy dng theo cng sut h
thng

2.4.3. Pht x ngoi bng

2.4.3.1. nh ngha

QCVN 30:2011

Chp nhn nguyn vn

2.4.3.2. Phng php o

QCVN 30:2011

Chp nhn nguyn vn

2.4.3.3. Gi tr gii hn

QCVN 30:2011

Tham kho hai quy chun

xy dng theo cng sut h
thng

QCVN 30:2011

Chp nhn nguyn vn

2.5. Php o cng v thit

b
2.5.1. Bc x v my
2.5.3.1. nh ngha

17

2.5.1.2. Phng php o

TCVN 7189:2009

Chp nhn nguyn vn

2.5.1.3. Gi tr gii hn

QCVN 30:2011; QCVN

47:2011

Chp nhn nguyn vn

QCVN 30:2011

Chp nhn nguyn vn

2.6. Sai s php o

3. Quy nh v qun l

Xy dng ph hp

4. Trch nhim ca t chc

c nhn

Xy dng ph hp

5. T chc thc hin

Xy dng ph hp

5.3

Khuyn ngh p dng

i vi cc thit b c cp php theo cc Quy chun: QCVN 47 : 2011/BTTTT
- Quy chun k thut Quc gia v ph tn s v bc x v tuyn in p dng cho
cc thit b thu pht v tuyn in; QCVN 18:2010/BTTTT - Quy chun k thut
Quc gia v tng thch in t i vi thit b v tuyn in s tip tc c php
s dng v c thay th theo quy ny trc nm 2015.
i vi nhng thit b lp t sau th p dng quy chun ny.

18