Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
World History AP
Paleolithic Achievements
Invention of tools & weapons Language Control of fire Art (sculpture, jewelry, and cave paintings)
Hunter-Forager Societies
Men hunt and/or fish; women gather fruits, etc. Lived in kinship groups of 2030 people Follow migratory patterns of animals Need large portions of land to support themselves Life expectancy was 20 years or less
Lascaux Cave, France
Hunter-Forager Societies
Groups were not always selfsufficient
Trade with neighboring groups was often necessary
Migration of Humans
Built free standing houses. Buried their dead with tools, animal bones, and flowers
Shows the they understood significance of death.
Focus Question
Bantu Migrations
(1500 BCE-500 CE)
Bantu people originated in central Africa (Cameroon) Migration triggered by the drying of the Sahara
Reach South Africa by 300 CE
Introduced agriculture, cattle herding, and iron (?) to SubSaharan Africa Become dominant ethnic and language group of SubSaharan Africa
Jumbo
Safari Conga Rumba Zombie Kwanzaa
Polynesian Migrations
(3000 BCE -500 CE)
Climate change
Ice Age allowed for the Bering Strait Land Bridge.
Discussion Question
Focus Question
Neolithic Revolution
Around 10000 BCE, two discoveries revolutionized human society
Farming (1st crops were wheat & barley) Herding (1st domesticated animals were goats, pigs, & cattle)
Domesticated animals produced a new type of society called Pastoralists
Origins of Agriculture
Pastoral Societies
Nomadic peoples who herd domesticated animals Move in search of food for their animals
Traditionally more stable than hunter-gatherer societies
Develop on marginal land apart from areas suitable for agriculture, often semi-arid regions
Interact with agricultural societies
Pastoral Societies
Many pastoral nomads lived in kin-related bands numbering up to 100 Tribal membership was defined by recognizing a common ancestry among kinship groups Often called Courage Cultures
Warlike males bound to each other by ties of personal loyalty tended to dominate these societies Violence between kinship groups limited the ability of clans and tribes to cooperate
Early Villages
Earliest villages located in the Middle East Population of early villages evolved from the hundreds to the thousands Probably declined due to environmental degradation
Top: Artist rendering of the early village of Catal Huyuk; Bottom: statue of a goddess from Catal Huyuk
Intensive agriculture caused human population to jump from 5-8 million to 60 to 70 million in 5,000 years
Rise of Civilization
4th Millennium BCE
ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS
Mr. Millhouse AP World History Hebron High School
Review Question
How did the Neolithic Revolution change the nature of human society?
Focus Question
Ancient Mesopotamia
Government
Initially, priest-kings rule citystates Sumerians (c. 3500 BCE) City-states evolve into empires Akkadians (c. 2334-2218 BCE) Land owning aristocracy dominated Develop a formal legal codes Hammurabis Code (c. 1800 BCE)
Religion
Believed in 3,000 gods Goal: Appease gods to control nature Art and literature focus on gods and religion
Epic of Gilgamesh
Contains a story of an epic flood
Built ziggurats
Society
Social stratification Slavery was common
Nobles
One could become a slave through war, crime, or debt Slaves were used in temples, public buildings, or private homes
Patriarchal
Freemen Slaves
Economy
Astronomy
Ancient Egypt
Relatively isolated Nile flooded regularly, predictably
Provided rich soil, easy soil to farm Civilization regulated flooding, surveying
Government
Formed by 3000 BCE Unified for most of history
Early Kingdom Middle Kingdom Late Kingdom
Theocracy
Pharaoh was a god-king Women could be pharaohs
Hatshepsut (1473-1458 BCE)
Ramses II
Religion
Thousands of gods
Gods have animal and human qualities Gods & goddesses
Society
Social Stratification
Limited opportunity for social mobility
Culture
Hieroglyphic writing on papyrus Mathematics
Geometry
Calendar system
365 days (off by 6 hours)
Medicine Architecture
Mysterious ending
Environmental degradation vs. Aryan invasion
Planned cities with large temples Undecipherable writing system Advanced technology
Plumbing systems
Ancient China
Developed in isolation along the Huang He (Yellow) River Shang dynasty emerged c. 1500 BCE
Warlike kings & landed aristocracy dominate Cities surrounded by massive earthen walls
Ancient China
Chinese Society
Family at center of society
Extended-family structure
Chinese Culture
Believed spirits of family ancestors could bring good fortune or disaster Oracle bones (right) Bronze & silk
Dynastic Cycle
Mandate of HeavenRulers are chose to rule by heaven and will continue to rule as long as heaven is pleased; if heaven is not pleased, heaven will pass the mandate to another family
The Olmec
Olmec emerge in Mesoamerica c.1400-400 BCE Olmec zone is dense tropical forest
High rainfall - over 300 cm/year
Olmec Religion
Polytheistic
Deities blended male & female, animal & human characteristics
Feathered-serpent god (right)
Olmec Art
Building of clay pyramids and temple mounds Particular sculptural style
Jaguars Fine jade carving Colossal heads
Norte Chico
3000-1800 BCE in Peru Polytheistic Famous for monumental architecture and weaving
No evidence of any art or ceramics
Writing systems, religions, and technology was influenced the development of new civilizations and cultures Ancient civilizations decline by 1000 BCE
Subject to nomadic invasions
Political and cultural centers shift to new geographical areas (except China)