REPUBLIC ACT NO.

6541
AN ACT TO ORDAIN AND INSTITUTE A NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES TITLE 1 - ADMINISTRATIVE Chapte 1.!1 - GENERAL PROVISIONS SECTION 1.!1.!1" T#t$e
%a& Th#' A(t 'ha$$ )e *+,-+ a' the "National Building Code of the Philippines" a+. 'ha$$ he e#+a/te )e e/e e. t, a' the "Code". SECTION 1.!1.!0" Declaration of Policy %a& It #' he e)1 .e($a e. t, )e the p,$#(1 ,/ the State t, 'a/e23a . $#/e4 hea$th4 p ,pe t14 a+. p3)$#( -e$/a e4 (,+'#'te+t -#th the p #+(#p$e' ,/ e+5# ,+6e+ta$ 6a+a2e6e+t a+. (,+t ,$7 a+. t, th#' e+.4 6a*e #t the p3 p,'e ,/ th#' C,.e t, p ,5#.e /, a$$ )3#$.#+2' a+. 't 3(t3 e.4 a / a6e-, * ,/ 6#+#636 'ta+.a .' a+. e83# e6e+t' )1 23#.#+24 e23$at#+24 a+. (,+t ,$$#+2 the# $,(at#,+4 '#t#+24 .e'#2+4 83a$#t1 ,/ 6ate #a$'4 (,+'t 3(t#,+4 3'e4 ,((3pa+(14 a+. 6a#+te+a+(e4 #+($3.#+2 the# e+5# ,+6e+t4 3t#$#t#e'4 /#9t3 e'4 e83#p6e+t4 a+. 6e(ha+#(a$ e$e(t #(a$4 a+. ,the '1'te6' a+. #+'ta$$at#,+'. SECTION 1.!1.!:" Scope %a& The p ,5#'#,+' ,/ th#' C,.e 'ha$$ app$1 t, the .e'#2+4 $,(at#,+4 '#t#+24 (,+'t 3(t#,+4 a$te at#,+4 epa# 4 (,+5e '#,+4 3'e4 ,((3pa+(14 6a#+te+a+(e4 6,5#+24 a+. .e6,$#t#,+ ,/4 a+. a..#t#,+ t,4 p3)$#( a+. p #5ate )3#$.#+2' a+. 't 3(t3 e'. %)& A..#t#,+'4 a$te at#,+'4 epa# '4 a+. (ha+2e' ,/ 3'e , ,((3pa+(1 #+ a$$ )3#$.#+2' a+. 't 3(t3 e' 'ha$$ (,6p$1 -#th e83# e6e+t' /, +e- )3#$.#+2' a+. 't 3(t3 e' e9(ept a' ,the -#'e he e#+ p ,5#.e.. O+$1 '3(h p, t#,+ , p, t#,+' ,/ the e9#'t#+2 )3#$.#+2 , 't 3(t3 e -h#(h ha5e t, )e a$te e. t, e//e(t the a..#t#,+4 a$te at#,+4 , epa# 'ha$$ )e 6a.e t, (,+/, 6 t, the e83# e6e+t' /, +e- )3#$.#+2' , 't 3(t3 e'. A$te at#,+' 'h,3$. p e'e 5e the ae'thet#( 5a$3e ,/ the )3#$.#+2 t, )e a$te e..

%(& ;he e4 #+ a+1 'pe(#/#( (a'e4 .#//e e+t 'e(t#,+ ,/ th#' C,.e 'pe(#/1 .#//e e+t 6ate #a$'4 6eth,.' ,/ (,+'t 3(t#,+4 , ,the e83# e6e+t'4 the 6,'t e't #(t#5e 'ha$$ 2,5e +. SECTION 1.!1.!4" Application %a& Th#' C,.e 'ha$$ app$1 t, a$$ )3#$.#+2' a+. 't 3(t3 e' (,+'t 3(te. a+. a+1 (ha+2e , epa# 6a.e the e,+ a/te the app ,5a$ ,/ 'a#. C,.e. B3#$.#+2' , 't 3(t3 e' (,+'t 3(te. )e/, e the app ,5a$ ,/ th#' C,.e 'ha$$ +,t )e a//e(te. the e)17 E9(ept4 -he e the# (,+t#+3e. 3'e , ,((3pa+(1 #' .a+2e ,3' t, $#/e , $#6)7 , -he e a$te at#,+'4 a..#t#,+'4 (,+5e '#,+'4 , epa# ' a e t, )e 6a.e the e,+4 th#' C,.e 'ha$$ app$1 ,+$1 t, '3(h p, t#,+' ,/ the )3#$.#+2' , 't 3(t3 e -h#(h ha5e t, )e a$te e. #+ , .e t, e//e(t '3(h .a6a2e' , epa# '. %)& Th#' C,.e 'ha$$ app$1 t, (ha te e. (#t#e'4 p,)$a(#,+e' ,/ 63+#(#pa$#t#e' a+. 63+#(#pa$ .#'t #(t' -#th a p,p3$at#,+ ,/ at $ea't t-, th,3'a+. %04!!!& #+ha)#ta+t'4 a+. t, )a #,' ,/ 3 )a+ a ea' -#th a p,p3$at#,+ ,/ at $ea't t-, th,3'a+. %04!!!& #+ha)#ta+t'. Th#' C,.e 'ha$$ a$', app$1 t, a+1 a ea -he e the e a e /#/t1 %5!& , 6, e /a6#$#e' pe he(ta e. %(& Th#' C,.e 'ha$$ $#*e-#'e app$1 t, a+1 a ea p ,p,'e. /, , )e#+2 .e5e$,pe. #+t, a +e- t,-+ '#te4 e'#.e+t#a$ '3).#5#'#,+4 (,66e (#a$ , e'#.e+t#a$ '#te4 '(h,,$ '#te4 h,3'#+2 p ,<e(t4 a+. '#6#$a (,+'t 3(t#,+ p ,<e(t' -he e /#5e , 6, e )3#$.#+2' +,t (,5e e. )1 pa a2 aph %.& ,/ th#' Se(t#,+ -#$$ )e (,+'t 3(te. e5e+ #/ the p,)$a(#,+ , )a #, p,p3$at#,+ #' $e'' tha+ t-, th,3'a+. %04!!!& , the .e+'#t1 ,/ p,p3$at#,+ #' $e'' tha+ /#/t1 %5!& /a6#$#e' pe he(ta e. %.& The .e'#2+ a+. (,+'t 3(t#,+ e83# e6e+t' ,/ th#' C,.e 'ha$$ +,t app$1 t, a+1 t a.#t#,+a$ #+.#2e+,3' /a6#$1 .-e$$#+2 (,'t#+2 +,t 6, e tha+ /#5e th,3'a+. pe',' %P54!!!.!!& a+. #+te+.e. /, 3'e a+. ,((3pa+(1 ,/ the /a6#$1 ,/ the ,-+e ,+$1. The t a.#t#,+a$ t1pe ,/ /a6#$1 .-e$$#+2' a e th,'e that a e (,+'t 3(te. ,/ +at#5e 6ate #a$' '3(h a' )a6),,4 +#pa4 $,2'4 , $36)e 4 -he e#+ the .#'ta+(e )et-ee+ 5e t#(a$ '3pp, t' , '3p, ta$e' .,e' +,t e9(ee. :.!! 6ete ' %1! /eet&7 a+. #/ 6a',+ 1 -a$$' , ',(a$,' a e 3'e.4 '3(h 'ha$$ +,t )e 6, e tha+ 1.!! 6ete %: /eet4 : #+(he'& / ,6 the 2 ,3+." P ,5#.e.4

h,-e5e 4 That '3(h t a.#t#,+a$ #+.#2e+,3' /a6#$1 .-e$$#+2 -#$$ +,t (,+'t#t3te a .a+2e t, $#/e , $#6) ,/ #t' ,((3pa+t' , ,/ the p3)$#(7 -#$$ +,t )e /# e ha=a . , a+ e1e', e t, the (,663+#t17 a+. .,e' +,t (,+t a5e+e a+1 /# e =,+#+2 e23$at#,+ ,/ the (#t1 , 63+#(#pa$#t1 #+ -h#(h #t #' $,(ate.. chan robles virtual law library %e& N,t-#th'ta+.#+2 pa a2 aph %.& ,/ th#' Se(t#,+4 th#' C,.e 'ha$$ app$1 t, G ,3p A .-e$$#+2' p ,.3(e. ,+ a (,66e (#a$ '(a$e a+. #+te+.e. /, 3'e )1 the 2e+e a$ p3)$#(. SECTION 1.!1.!5 Building Use Affecting Public Health and Safety %a& A+1 )3#$.#+2 , 't 3(t3 e4 , a+1 a+(#$$a 1 , a((e'', 1 /a(#$#t1 the et,4 a+. a+1 a$te at#,+ , a..#t#,+ t, a+1 )3#$.#+2 , 't 3(t3 e a$ ea.1 e9#'t#+24 'ha$$ (,+/, 6 #+ a$$ e'pe(t' t, the p #+(#p$e' ,/ 'a/e (,+'t 3(t#,+4 'ha$$ )e '3#te. t, the p3 p,'e /, -h#(h the )3#$.#+2 #' .e'#2+e.4 a+. 'ha$$4 #+ +, (a'e (,+t #)3te t, 6a*#+2 the (,663+#t1 #+ -h#(h #t #' $,(ate. at e1e', e4 a '$364 , a )$#2hte. a ea. %)& A.e83ate e+5# ,+6e+ta$ 'a/e23a .' 'ha$$ )e ,)'e 5e. #+ the .e'#2+4 (,+'t 3(t#,+4 a+. 3'e ,/ a+1 )3#$.#+2 , 't 3(t3 e /, the 6a+3/a(t3 e a+. p ,.3(t#,+ ,/ a+1 *#+. ,/ a t#($e , p ,.3(t -h#(h (,+'t#t3te' a ha=a . , +3#'a+(e a//e(t#+2 p3)$#( hea$th a+. 'a/et14 '3(h a' e9p$,'#5e'4 2a'4 +,9#,3' (he6#(a$'4 #+/$a66a)$e (,6p,3+.'4 , the $#*e. SECTION 1.!1.!6" Maintenance %a& A$$ )3#$.#+2' , 't 3(t3 e'4 ),th e9#'t#+2 a+. +e-4 a+. a$$ pa t' the e,/ 'ha$$ )e 6a#+ta#+e. #+ a 'a/e a+. 'a+#ta 1 (,+.#t#,+. A$$ .e5#(e' , 'a/e23a .'4 -h#(h a e e83# e. )1 th#' C,.e #+ a )3#$.#+2 , 't 3(t3 e -he+ (,+'t 3(te.4 a$te e.4 , epa# e.4 'ha$$ )e 6a#+ta#+e. ,+ 2,,. -, *#+2 , .e . SECTION 1.!1.!>" Insanitary Unsafe Ha!ardous or Dangerous Sites %a& The $a+. , '#te 3p,+ -h#(h -#$$ )e (,+'t 3(te. a+1 )3#$.#+2 , 't 3(t3 e4 , a+1 a+(#$$a 1 , a39#$$a 1 /a(#$#t1 the et,4 'ha$$ )e 'a+#ta 1 4 h12#e+#( , 'a/e. ;he e the $a+. , '#te #' p,$$3te.4 #+'a+#ta 14 3+h12#e+#(4 3+'a/e4 , ha=a .,3'4

(,+.#t#,+' (,+t #)3t#+2 t, , (a3'#+2 #t' )e#+2 p,$$3te.4 #+'a+#ta 14 3+h12#e+#(4 3+'a/e4 , ha=a .,3' 'ha$$ )e ea',+a)$1 #6p ,5e. , (, e(te.4 , p ,pe e6e.#a$ 6ea'3 e' 'ha$$ )e p e'( #)e. , #+(, p, ate. #+ the .e'#2+ , (,+'t 3(t#,+ ,/ the )3#$.#+2 , 't 3(t3 e #+ a((, .a+(e -#th the p ,5#'#,+' ,/ th#' C,.e. %)& The $a+. , '#te 3p,+ -h#(h )e (,+'t 3(te. a )3#$.#+2 ,/ 't 3(t3 e , a+1 a+(#$$a 1 , a((e'', 1 /a(#$#t1 the et,4 /, 3'e ,/ h36a+ ha)#tat#,+ , a),.e4 'ha$$ )e at a 'a/e .#'ta+(e / ,6 't ea6e ' , ),.#e' ,/ -ate a+.?',3 (e ,/ a# (,+'#.e e. t, )e p,$$3te.4 5,$(a+, , 5,$(a+#( '#te4 a+. )3#$.#+2 , 't 3(t3 e (,+'#.e e. t, )e a p,te+t#a$ ',3 (e ,/ /# e , e9p$,'#,+4 '3(h a' a663+#t#,+' /a(t, 1 , .36p a+. 't, a2e p$a(e /, h#2h$1 #+/$a66a)$e 6ate #a$. SECTION 1.!1.!@" Dangerous and "uinous Buildings or Structures %a& #eneral$ % The p ,5#'#,+' ,/ th#' C,.e 'ha$$ app$1 t, a$$ .a+2e ,3' )3#$.#+2'4 a' he e#+ .e/#+e.4 -h#(h a e +,- #+ e9#'te+(e , -h#(h 6a1 he ea/te )e (,+'t 3(te.4 a' -e$$ a' t, 3#+,3' )3#$.#+2' a' .e/#+e. #+ A t#($e 4@0 ,/ the C#5#$ C,.e ,/ the Ph#$#pp#+e'. chan robles virtual law library %)& Dangerous Buildings Defined$ % Da+2e ,3' )3#$.#+2' a e th,'e -h#(h a e 't 3(t3 a$$1 3+'a/e , +,t p ,5#.e. -#th 'a/e e2 ee'4 , -h#(h (,+'t#t3te a /# e ha=a .4 , a e ,the -#'e .a+2e ,3' t, h36a+ $#/e4 , -h#(h #+ e$at#,+ t, e9#'t#+2 3'e (,+'t#t3te a ha=a . t, 'a/et1 , hea$th , p3)$#( -e$/a e4 )1 ea',+ ,/ #+a.e83ate 6a#+te+a+(e4 .#$ap#.at#,+4 ,)',$e'(e+(e4 /# e ha=a .4 , a)a+.,+6e+t7 , -h#(h ,the -#'e (,+t #)3te t, the p,$$3t#,+ ,/ the '#te , the (,663+#t1 t, a+ #+t,$e a)$e .e2 ee. A+1 )3#$.#+2 , 't 3(t3 e -h#(h ha' a+1 , a$$ ,/ the (,+.#t#,+' , .e/e(t' he e#+a/te .e'( #)e.4 , (,+.#t#,+' , .e/e(t' '#6#$a the et,4 'ha$$ )e .ee6e. t, )e .a+2e ,3' )3#$.#+2" P ,5#.e.4 That '3(h (,+.#t#,+' , .e/e(t e9#'t' t, the e9te+t that the $#/e4 hea$th4 p ,pe t14 , 'a/et1 ,/ the p3)$#( , #t' ,((3pa+t a e e+.a+2e e." (1) Whenever any door, aisle, passageway, stairway, or other means of exist is not of sufficient width or size, or is not so arranged as to provide safe and adequate means of exit in case

of fire or panic; (2) Whenever the stress in any materials mem er or portion thereof, due to all dead and live loads is more than one and one!half times the wor"ing stresses or stresses allowed in this #ode for new uilding of similar structure, purpose, or location$ Provided, %hat in determining wor"ing stress, the wor"ing stress method of analysis shall e used, and in the case of engineering "overstress", the ultimate strength method; (&) Whenever any portion thereof has een damaged y fire, earthqua"e, wind, flood, or y any other cause, to such an extent that the structural strength or the sta ility thereof is materially less than it was efore such catastrophe and is less than the minimum requirements of this #ode for new uildings of similar structures, purpose, or location; (') Whenever any portion or mem er or appurtenance thereof is li"ely to fall, or to ecome detached or dislodged, or to collapse and there y in(ure persons or damage property; ()) Whenever any portion or mem er or any appurtenance or ornamentation of the exterior thereof is not of such sufficient strength or sta ility, or is not so anchored, attached, or fastened ! place so as to e capa le of resisting a wind pressure of one!half of that specified in this #ode for new uildings of similar structure; purpose, or location without exceeding the wor"ing stresses permitted for such uildings; (*) Whenever any portion thereon has wrac"ed, warped, uc"led, or settled to such an extent that walls or other structural portions have materially less resistance to winds or earthqua"e than is required in the case similar new construction; (+) Whenever the uilding or structure, or any portion thereof, ecause of$ (i) dilapidation, deterioration, or delay; (ii) faulty construction; (iii) the removal, movement, or insta ility of any portion of the ground necessary for the purpose of supporting such uilding; (iv) the deterioration, decay, or inadequacy of its foundation; or (v) any other cause, is li"ely to partially or completely collapse;

(,) Whenever, for any reason, the uilding or structure, or any portion thereof, is manifestly unsafe for the purpose for which it is eing used; (-) Whenever the exterior walls or other vertica structural mem ers list, lean, or uc"le to such an extent that the structure falls within the condition descri ed in the preceding su paragraph (2), a ove, or whenever any portion thereof suffers a material reduction of the fire and weather resistance qualities of characteristics required y this #ode for newly constructed uildings of li"e area, height, and occupancy in the same location; (1.) Whenever a uilding or structure, used or intended to e used for dwelling purposes, ecause of inadequate maintenance, dilapidation, decay, damage, faulty construction or arrangement, inadequate light, air, or sanitation facilities, or otherwise, is found to e unsanitary, unfit for human ha itation, or in such a condition that is li"ely to cause sic"ness or disease; chan robles virtual law library (11) Whenever any uilding or structure, ecause of o solescence, dilapidated, condition, deterioration, damage, inadequate exists, lac" of sufficient fire!resistive construction, or other cause, is found to e a fire hazard; (12) Whenever any portion of a uilding or structure remains on a site after demolition or destruction of the uilding or structure is a andoned for a period in excess of six months, so as to constitute a nuisance or hazard to the pu lic; (1&) Whenever any uilding or structure is in such a condition as to constitute a pu lic nuisance defined in /rticle *-' and *-) of the #ivil #ode of the 0hilippines1 %(& Abate&ent of Dangerous Buildings$ I+ a$$ (a'e' ,/ .a+2e ,3' )3#$.#+2'4 e9(ept th,'e (,5e e. )1 A t#($e 4@0 a+. 6A4 t, >!> ,/ the C#5#$ C,.e ,/ the Ph#$#pp#+e'4 the B3#$.#+2 O//#(#a$ 'ha$$ , .e the# epa# 4 5a(at#,+4 , .e6,$#t#,+ #+ a((, .a+(e -#th the /,$$,-#+2 p ,(e.3 e"

(1) Where the dangerous uilding can reasona ly e repaired such that it will no longer e dangerous, it shall e ordered repaired; (2) Where the dangerous uilding is such that to repair it would cost more than ). per cent of the current to replacement cost of the uilding, it shall e repaired or demolished at the opinion of the owner; (&) Where the dangerous uilding poses an immediate threat to life, lim , or property, it shall e vacated immediately, then repaired or demolished in accordance with su paragraphs (1) or (2) herein1 SECTION 1.!1.!A. Alternate or ne' Design Material Method of Construction or (or)&anship* +ests, %a& A+1 .e'#2+4 6ate #a$4 6eth,. ,/ (,+'t 3(t#,+4 , -, *6a+'h#p +,t 'pe(#/#(a$$1 #+($3.e. #+ th#' C,.e 6a1 )e 3'e." P ,5#.e.4 That '3(h a$te +ate , +e- .e'#2+4 6ate #a$4 6eth,. ,/ (,+'t 3(t#,+4 , -, *6a+'h#p #' at $ea't the e83#5a$e+t ,/ th,'e p e'( #)e. #+ th#' C,.e #+ e//e(t#5e+e''. %)& Te't' /, .e'#2+4 6ate #a$'4 6eth,. ,/ (,+'t 3(t#,+4 , -, *6a+'h#p 'ha$$ )e p e'( #)e. )1 the Se( eta 1 ,/ P3)$#( ;, *' a+. C,663+#(at#,+ #+ app ,p #ate 3$e' a+. e23$at#,+' the e/, . SECTION 1.!1.1!" Municipal and Pro-incial .rdinances and "egulations %a& L,(a$ , .#+a+(e' 'h,3$. (,+/, 6 t, the C,.e a+. '3pp$et, 1 e83# e6e+t' he et, 'ha$$ #+ +, (a'e .#6#+#'h 6#+#636 e83# e6e+t' e6),.#e. #+ th#' C,.e. The Se( eta 1 ,/ P3)$#( ;, *' a+. C,663+#(at#,+' , 4 #+ the p ,pe (a'e4 the Se( eta 1 ,/ B3't#(e 'ha$$ ta*e a+1 a+. a$$ app ,p #ate 'tep' #+ (a'e' -he e $,(a$ , .#+a+(e' (,+/$#(t -#th the C,.e. SECTION 1.!1.11" Definitions and +ables %a& The .e/#+#t#,+' #+ A++e9 A a+. the Ta)$e' #+ A++e9 B ,/ th#' C,.e a e he e)1 a.,pte. a' pa t the e,/.

SECTION 1.!1.10" Separability Clause %a& I/4 /, a+1 ea',+4 a+1 'e(t#,+ , p ,5#'#,+ ,/ th#' C,.e 'ha$$ )e .e($a e. 3+(,+'t#t3t#,+a$ , #+5a$#.4 +, ,the 'e(t#,+ , p ,5#'#,+ ,/ th#' C,.e 'ha$$ )e a//e(te. the e)1. SECTION 1.!1.1:" "epealing Clause %a& A+1 a+. a$$ 'tat3te'4 , .e '4 , .#+a+(e'4 3$e' a+. e23$at#,+' , pa t' the e,/4 #+(,+'#'te+t -#th the p ,5#'#,+' ,/ th#' C,.e4 a e he e)1 epea$e. , 6,.#/#e. a((, .#+2$1. SECTION 1.!1.14" /ffecti-ity %a& Th#' C,.e 'ha$$ ta*e e//e(t 3p,+ #t' app ,5a$ -#th#+ the G eate Ma+#$a Met ,p,$#ta+ A ea a+. #+ ,the a ea' -he e the e a e a$ ea.1 e9#'t#+2 $,(a$ )3#$.#+2 (,.e'4 a+. /,3 %4& 1ea ' the ea/te 4 #+ a$$ ,the a ea' #+ the Ph#$#pp#+e'" P ,5#.e.4 h,-e5e 4 That th#' p ,5#'#,+ 'ha$$ +,t p e5e+t a+1 (#t1 , 63+#(#pa$ (,3+(#$ , ),a . / ,6 a.,pt#+2 th#' C,.e #66e.#ate$1 3p,+ #t' app ,5a$. Chapte 1.!0 - ENFORCEMENT SECTION 1.!0.!1" 0oint Building and /n-iron&ental Planning "esearch and Standards Co&&ission %a& Me&bership$ The e #' he e)1 ( eate. a B,#+t B3#$.#+2 a+. E+5# ,+6e+ta$ P$a++#+2 Re'ea (h a+. Sta+.a .' C,66#''#,+ (,6p,'e. ,/ t-, Se+at, '4 t-, C,+2 e''6e+4 a+. /#5e ,the 6e6)e ' t, )e app,#+te. )1 the P e'#.e+t ,/ the Ph#$#pp#+e'. The 6e6)e ' 'ha$$ e$e(t a Cha# 6a+ / ,6 a6,+2 the6'e$5e'. (1) %he 0resident of the 2enate shall designate the chairman of the #ommittee on 3ousing, 4r an 5evelopment and 6esettlement and one 2enator from the minority party as mem ers of the #ommission1 (2) %he 2pea"er of the 3ouse of 6epresentatives shall designate the #hairman of the #ommittee on 3ousing and one #ongressman from the minority party as mem ers of the #ommission1

(&) %he 0resident of the 0hilippines shall appoint two architects, two engineers, and one uilding contractor chosen from those officially recommended y their respective national professional organizations, to serve for four years or until their successors shall have een duly appointed and qualified1 (') %he mem ers thereof shall serve without compensation$ except, %hat the mem ers from the professional organizations may receive a per diem of one hundred pesos (01..1..) each per meeting actually attended$ 0rovided, %hat the total per diem the mem ers may receive shall not exceed six hundred pesos (0*..1..) per month1 / monthly transportation allowance of two hundred fifty pesos (02).1..) shall e granted each of the mem ers from the professional organizations1 %)& Duties and "esponsibilities$ The C,66#''#,+ 'ha$$ ha5e the /,$$,-#+2 .3t#e' a+. e'p,+'#)#$#t#e'" (1) #onduct or cause to e conducted continuing research and studies on uilding, housing, and environmental planning standards and requirements to safeguard life or lim , health, property, and pu lic welfare; (2) 0repare a draft of a uniform code of criteria, standards, and detailed specifications covering design, construction, and other related matters suited to local needs and indigenous conditions for adoption y local governments to supplement the minimum standards provided in this #ode; (&) 0repare drafts of environmental planning, management and control codes, su division policies and standards, zoning regulations and other codes for legislative enactment; and recommend, from time to time, changes in this 7uilding #ode for su mission to #ongress; and (') %ransmit appropriate recommendation to the 2ecretary of 0u lic Wor"s and #ommunications as a asis for the promulgation y the 2ecretary of the necessary rules and regulations to carry out the provisions of this #ode1 %(& +echnical Staff$ The C,66#''#,+ 'ha$$ )e a''#'te. )1 a Te(h+#(a$ Sta// -h#(h 'ha$$ )e hea.e. )1 a+ E9e(3t#5e D# e(t,

a+. a+ A''#'ta+t E9e(3t#5e D# e(t, . A$$ pe ',++e$ 'ha$$ )e app,#+te. )1 the Cha# 6a+ '3)<e(t t, (#5#$ 'e 5#(e $a-'4 3$e'4 a+. e23$at#,+'. %.& Appropriations$ The a6,3+t ,/ t-, h3+. e. a+. /#/t1 th,3'a+. pe',' %P05!4!!!& , '3(h a6,3+t the e,/ a' 6a1 )e +e(e''a 1 /, the ,pe at#,+ ,/ the C,66#''#,+ #' he e)1 a3th, #=e. t, )e app ,p #ate. ,3t ,/ a+1 /3+.' +,t ,the -#'e app ,p #ate. /, the /#'(a$ 1ea e+.#+2 B3+e :!4 1A>:. S3(h '36' 6a1 )e +e(e''a 1 /, the ,pe at#+2 e9pe+'e' ,/ the C,66#''#,+ #+ '3((ee.#+2 /#'(a$ 1ea ' 'ha$$ )e #+($3.e. #+ the a++3a$ Ge+e a$ App ,p #at#,+' A(t. SECTION 1.!0.!0" Secretary of Public (or)s and Co&&unications and Building .fficials %a& The Se( eta 1 ,/ P3)$#( ;, *' a+. C,663+#(at#,+'4 he e#+a/te e/e e. t, a' the CSe( eta 1C4 'ha$$ p ,63$2ate '3(h 3$e' a+. e23$at#,+' +e(e''a 1 t, e+a)$e the B3#$.#+2 O//#(#a$ t, e+/, (e the p ,5#'#,+' ,/ th#' C,.e. %)& I+ 63+#(#pa$#t#e'4 the M3+#(#pa$ E+2#+ee 'ha$$ )e the B3#$.#+2 O//#(#a$7 P ,5#.e.4 That -he+ the e #' +, '3(h M3+#(#pa$ E+2#+ee 4 , a .3$1 $#(e+'e. e+2#+ee pe /, 6#+2 the .3t#e' ,/ a M3+#(#pa$ E+2#+ee 4 , a La+. a+. B3#$.#+2 O//#(#a$4 the P ,5#+(#a$ E+2#+ee 4 , #+ the a)'e+(e the e,/4 the P3)$#( ;, *' E+2#+ee -#th#+ -h,'e <3 #'.#(t#,+ the 63+#(#pa$#t1 /a$$' 'ha$$ )e the B3#$.#+2 O//#(#a$. I+ (a'e ,/ (#t#e'4 the C#t1 P3)$#( ;, *' S3pe 5#', 'ha$$ )e the B3#$.#+2 O//#(#a$" Pro-ided That -he+ the e #' +, '3(h C#t1 P3)$#( ;, *' S3pe 5#', 4 the C#t1 E+2#+ee 'ha$$ )e the B3#$.#+2 O//#(#a$. F, the p3 p,'e ,/ the e+/, (e6e+t ,/ the p ,5#'#,+' ,/ th#' C,.e4 the B3#$.#+2 O//#(#a$ 'ha$$ )e 3+.e the '3pe 5#'#,+ ,/ the Se( eta 1 ,/ P3)$#( ;, *' a+. C,663+#(at#,+'4 a+1 p ,5#'#,+ ,/ $a- t, the (,+t a 1 +,t-#th'ta+.#+2. %(& S3)<e(t t, the app ,5a$ ,/ the M3+#(#pa$ Ma1, 4 C#t1 Ma1, 4 , P ,5#+(#a$ G,5e +, #+ the p ,pe (a'e4 a+. ,the (#5#$ 'e 5#(e $a-' a+. 3$e'4 the B3#$.#+2 O//#(#a$ 6a1 app,#+t '3(h +36)e ,/ ,//#(e '4 #+'pe(t, '4 a''#'ta+t'4 , ,the e6p$,1ee' p,''e''#+2 the +e(e''a 1 83a$#/#(at#,+' a+. (,6pete+(1 a' 6a1 )e a3th, #=e. )1 the M3+#(#pa$ C,3+(#$4 C#t1 C,3+(#$4 , P ,5#+(#a$ B,a .4 a' the (a'e 6a1 )e. He 6a1 .ep3t#=e '3(h

te(h+#(a$$1 83a$#/#e. e6p$,1ee' a' 6a1 )e +e(e''a 1 t, (a 1 ,3t the p ,5#'#,+' ,/ th#' C,.e. F, p3 p,'e' ,/ th#' S3)'e(t#,+4 the te 6' C+e(e''a 1 83a$#/#(at#,+' a+. (,6pete+(1C a+. Cte(h+#(a$$1 83a$#/#e.C 'ha$$ 6ea+ that the pe ',+ t, )e .ep3t#=e. 'ha$$ ha5e pa''e. the h#2he't 2 a.e ,/ e9a6#+at#,+ (a$$e. /, #+ the app$#(a)$e $a- e23$at#+2 the p a(t#(e ,/ the ) a+(h ,/ e+2#+ee #+2 , a (h#te(t3 e e$ate. t, , a'',(#ate. -#th the .3t#e' a+. p,-e ' -h#(h the pe ',+ t, )e .ep3t#=e. 'ha$$ a''36e. SECTION 1.!0.!:" Building per&its %a& A+1 pe ',+4 /# 64 , (, p, at#,+4 #+($3.#+2 a+1 .epa t6e+t4 ,//#(e4 )3 ea34 a2e+(1 ,/ #+'t 36e+ta$#t1 ,/ the 2,5e +6e+t #+te+.#+2 t, (,+'t 3(t4 a$te 4 epa# 4 6,5e4 (,+5e t , .e6,$#'h a+1 )3#$.#+2 , 't 3(t3 e4 , (a3'e the 'a6e t, )e .,+e4 'ha$$ ,)ta#+ a )3#$.#+2 pe 6#t / ,6 the B3#$.#+2 O//#(#a$ /, -h#(he5e ,/ '3(h -, * #' p ,p,'e. t, )e 3+.e ta*e+ /, the )3#$.#+2 , 't 3(t3 e4 )e/, e a+1 '3(h -, * #' 'ta te.. %)& App ,p #ate 3$e' a+. e23$at#,+' 'ha$$ )e 'et )1 the Se( eta 1 (,+(e +#+2" (1) 8orms for application for uilding permits; (2) 0rocedures to e o served in securing such permits; (&) 0rocedures to e o served in the issuance, suspension, and revocation of such uilding permits; and (') %ype, nature, and scope of plans and specifications, and other requisite documents, which shall e prepared and designed y a licensed architect or engineer1 %(& ;he+ a3th, #=e. )1 the B3#$.#+2 O//#(#a$ #+ a((, .a+(e -#th the p ,5#'#,+' ,/ th#' C,.e4 p$a+' a+. 'pe(#/#(at#,+' +ee. +,t )e '3)6#tte. /, the /,$$,-#+2" (1) 9roup / traditional indigenous type of dwelling construction costing not more than three thousand pesos (0&,...1..); and (2) 9roup : 5ivision 1 ;ccupancy of %ype 1 conventional wood frame construction or of the traditional indigenous type of construction costing not more than three thousand pesos (0&,...1..)1

%.& The app$#(a+t /, a )3#$.#+2 pe 6#t /, p #5ate )3#$.#+2' , 't 3(t3 e' a/te ha5#+2 (,6p$#e. -#th a$$ the e83# e6e+t' p e'( #)e. the e/, #+ a((, .a+(e -#th the p ,5#'#,+' ,/ th#' C,.e4 'ha$$ )e #''3e. a )3#$.#+2 pe 6#t -#th#+ /#/tee+ %15& .a1' / ,6 the .ate ,/ pa16e+t ,/ the pe 6#t /ee /, G ,3p' A a+. B O((3pa+(#e' a+. -#th#+ th# t1 %:!& .a1' / ,6 the .ate ,/ pa16e+t ,/ the pe 6#t /ee /, ,the G ,3p O((3pa+(#e'4 3+$e'' the B3#$.#+2 O//#(#a$ , h#' Dep3t1 a3th, #=e. t, #''3e the pe 6#t 'ha$$ #+/, 6 the app$#(a+t #+ - #t#+2 -h1 the pe 6#t 'h,3$. +,t )e #''3e.4 a+. 'ha$$ #+.#(ate the e,+ the pa t#(3$a p ,5#'#,+' ,/ the C,.e 5#,$ate. )1 the app$#(a+t , the pa t#(3$a e83# e6e+t' +,t (,6p$#e. -#th. ;#th#+ /#/tee+ %15& .a1' / ,6 the .ate ,/ e(e#pt )1 the app$#(a+t ,/ a.5#(e / ,6 the B3#$.#+2 O//#(#a$ , h#' Dep3t1 a3th, #=e. t, #''3e the pe 6#t -h1 the )3#$.#+2 pe 6#t 'h,3$. +,t )e #''3e.4 , -h1 the )3#$.#+2 pe 6#t #' '3'pe+.e. , e5,*e.4 the app$#(a+t 6a1 appea$ the +,+-#''3a+(e4 '3'pe+'#,+4 , e5,(at#,+ the e,/4 t, the Ma1, ,/ the (ha te e. (#t1 , 63+#(#pa$#t14 , the G,5e +, ,/ the p ,5#+(e -he e the )3#$.#+2 , 't 3(t3 e /, -h#(h the pe 6#t #' )e#+2 app$#e. /, #' $,(ate.. Sa#. appea$ 'ha$$ )e .e(#.e. -#th#+ /#/tee+ %15& .a1' / ,6 e(e#pt the e,/4 ,the -#'e4 the app$#(a+t 6a1 ) #+2 the 6atte t, the p ,pe C,3 t ,/ B3't#(e /, /#+a$ .#'p,'#t#,+. %e& A$$ p3)$#( )3#$.#+2' 'ha$$ (,+/, 6 t, the p ,5#'#,+' ,/ th#' C,.e a+. the B3#$.#+2 O//#(#a$ ,/ the (#t1 , p ,5#+(e -he e the p3)$#( )3#$.#+2 #' $,(ate. 'ha$$ #''3e the )3#$.#+2 pe 6#t the e/, 4 'tat#+2 #+ - #t#+2 that '3(h p3)$#( )3#$.#+2 (,+/, 6' t, the e83# e6e+t' ,/ the C,.e. F, +at#,+a$ p3)$#( )3#$.#+2'4 the Se( eta 1 ,/ P3)$#( ;, *' a+. C,663+#(at#,+' 'ha$$ #''3e a (e t#/#(at#,+ that '3(h a )3#$.#+2 (,+/, 6' t, the C,.e. P3)$#( )3#$.#+2' 'ha$$ )e e9e6pt / ,6 pa16e+t ,/ )3#$.#+2 pe 6#t4 #+'pe(t#,+4 a+,the /ee'. SECTION 1.!0.!4" 1ees %a& Re23$at#,+' ,+ )3#$.#+2 pe 6#t4 #+'pe(t#,+ a+. ,the /ee'4 a+. /, (,6p$#a+(e -#th the 'a6e 'ha$$ )e (,5e e. )1 (#t1 a+. 63+#(#pa$ , .#+a+(e'" P ,5#.e.4 That T a.#t#,+a$ #+.#2e+,3' /a6#$1 .-e$$#+2' 3+.e Se(t#,+ 1.!1.!4 %.& 'ha$$ )e e9e6pt / ,6 pa16e+t ,/ )3#$.#+2 pe 6#t /ee'.

SECTION 1.!0.!5" Inspection ad Certificates of .ccupancy %a& I+'pe(t#,+. The .3$1 $#(e+'e. a (h#te(t , e+2#+ee e+2a2e. )1 the ,-+e t, 3+.e ta*e #+'pe(t#,+ a+. .eta#$e. '3pe 5#'#,+ ,/ the (,+'t 3(t#,+ 'ha$$ pe #,.#(a$$1 (e t#/1 that the (,+'t 3(t#,+ (,+/, 6' t, the p$a+' a+. 'pe(#/#(at#,+' '3)6#tte. #+ the app$#(at#,+ /, a )3#$.#+2 pe 6#t. Up,+ '3)6#''#,+ ,/ '3(h pe #,.#( (e t#/#(at#,+' .3 #+2 the p ,2 e'' ,/ (,+'t 3(t#,+4 the B3#$.#+2 O//#(#a$ 'ha$$ pe #,.#(a$$1 #''3e the e83# e. a3th, #t1 t, (,+t#+3e -#th the '3)'e83e+t pha'e' ,/ (,+'t 3(t#,+4 -#th,3t p e<3.#(e t, h#' #2ht t, (,+.3(t ,+ h#' ,-+ #+#t#at#5e a+1 #+'pe(t#,+ ,/ the 'a#. (,+'t 3(t#,+. Up,+ (,6p$et#,+ ,/ the (,+'t 3(t#,+4 the 'a#. .3$1 $#(e+'e. a (h#te(t , e+2#+ee 'ha$$ '3)6#t t, the B3#$.#+2 O//#(#a$ the /#+a$ (e t#/#(at#,+ that the )3#$.#+2 (,+/, 6' t, the p ,5#'#,+' ,/ the C,.e a+. -#th the .eta#$e. p$a+' a+. 'pe(#/#(at#,+' '3)6#tte.. %)& Ce t#/#(ate' ,/ O((3pa+(1. The p ,pe Ce t#/#(ate ,/ O((3pa+(1 'ha$$ )e #''3e. t, the app$#(a+t -#th#+ 'e5e+ %>& .a1' / ,6 (,6p$et#,+ ,/ the e83# e6e+t' /, #+'pe(t#,+ a+. ,((3pa+(1 a+. pa16e+t ,/ a+1 a+. a$$ /ee' the e/, 4 3+$e'' the )3#$.#+2 O//#(#a$ , h#' Dep3t1 #''3#+2 the Ce t#/#(ate 'ha$$ 'h,- (a3'e #+ - #t#+2 -h1 the Ce t#/#(ate 'h,3$. +,t )e #''3e. a+. 'ha$$ #+.#(ate the e,+ the pa t#(3$a p ,5#'#,+' ,/ the C,.e 5#,$ate. , the pa t#(3$a e83# e6e+t' +,t (,6p$#e. -#th. ;#th#+ /#/tee+ %15& .a1' / ,6 e(e#pt )1 the app$#(a+t ,/ the a.5#(e / ,6 B3#$.#+2 O//#(#a$ , h#' Dep3t1 a3th, #=e. t, #''3e the (e t#/#(ate -h1 the (e t#/#(ate 'h,3$. +,t )e #''3e.4 , -h1 the (e t#/#(ate #' '3'pe+.e. , e5,*e.4 the app$#(a+t 6a1 appea$ the +,+-#''3a+(e4 '3'pe+'#,+4 , e5,(at#,+ the e,/4 t, the Ma1, ,/ the (ha te e. (#t1 , 63+#(#pa$#t14 , the G,5e +, ,/ the p ,5#+(e -he e the )3#$.#+2 /, -h#(h the (e t#/#(ate #' )e#+2 app$#e. /, #' $,(ate.. Sa#. appea$ 'ha$$ )e .e(#.e. -#th#+ /#/tee+ %15& .a1' / ,6 e(e#pt' the e,/4 ,the -#'e4 the app$#(a+t 6a1 ) #+2 the 6atte t, the p ,pe C,3 t ,/ B3't#(e /, /#+a$ .#'p,'#t#,+. The )3#$.#+2 6a1 )e ,((3p#e. ,+$1 3p,+ #''3a+(e ,/ the Ce t#/#(ate ,/ O((3pa+(1. chan robles virtual law library SECTION 1.!0.!6" 2iolations of +his Code Co-ering Designs Materials Methods of Construction and (or)&anship %a& I+ a$$ (a'e' ,/ 5#,$at#,+ ,/ th#' C,.e (,5e #+2 .e'#2+4

6ate #a$'4 6eth,.' ,/ (,+'t 3(t#,+4 a+. -, *6a+'h#p4 the B3#$.#+2 O//#(#a$ 'ha$$ ,)'e 5e the /,$$,-#+2 p ,(e.3 e #+ , .e #+2 the a$te at#,+ t, (,+/, 6 t, th#' C,.e , .e6,$#t#,+ ,/ the )3#$.#+2 , p, t#,+ the e,/" (1) Where the uilding is in the process of construction, the construction of the portion or portions in violation of this #ode shall e stopped until the same shall have een altered to conform to this #ode, unless such partial violation will impair the sta ility and safety of the whole or part of the structure, in which case, the whole construction shall e stopped1 (2) Where a uilding or portion thereof has een constructed, the following procedure shall e o served$ %0.1& I+ (a'e #t (a+ )e ea',+a)$1 a$te e. t, (,+/, 6 t, the e83# e6e+t' ,/ th#' C,.e4 #t 'ha$$ )e a$te e. a((, .#+2$17 %0.0& I+ (a'e the $ate at#,+ -#$$ (,'t 6, e tha+ 5! pe (e+t ,/ the (3 e+t (,+'t 3(t#,+ (,'t ,/ the )3#$.#+24 #t 'ha$$ )e a$te e. t, (,+/, 6 t, th#' C,.e , .e6,$#'he. at the ,pt#,+ ,/ the ,-+e 7 %0.:& I+ (a'e the )3#$.#+2 , p, t#,+ the e,/ p,'e' a+ #66e.#ate .a+2e t, $#/e4 $#6)4 , p ,pe t14 the 'a6e 'ha$$ )e 5a(ate. #66e.#ate$14 the+ a$te e. t, (,+/, 6 t, the e83# e6e+t' ,/ th#' C,.e , .e6,$#'he. #+ a((, .a+(e -#th '3)pa a2 aph' %1& a+. %0& he e#+. (&) <f the owner, after receipts of the order of alteration or demolition fails to comply with such order within a period of one year, said construction shall e declared a nuisance and e a ated in accordance with the provisions of /rticle *-- of the #ivil #ode of the 0hilippines1 %)& Th#' C,.e 'ha$$ +,t )e (,+'t 3e. t, .ep #5e a+1 pe ',+ the #2ht t, a5a#$ h#6'e$/ ,/ a+1 a+. a$$ <3.#(#a$ p ,(ee.#+2' , e6e.#e' a5a#$a)$e 3+.e e9#'t#+2 $a-'. %(& N,th#+2 #+ th#' Chapte #' #+te+.e. t, .#6#+#'h the p,-e ' 5e'te. #+ the .#//e e+t B,a .' ,/ E9a6#+e ' ,/ the 5a #,3' a (h#te(t3 a$ a+. e+2#+ee #+2 p ,/e''#,+' a' p ,5#.e. /, #+ e9#'te+(e $a-' e23$at#+2 the p a(t#(e ,/ a (h#te(t3 e a+. e+2#+ee #+24 +, t, e't #(t the .e'#2+#+2 e+2#+ee #+2 , a (h#te(t #+ the e9e (#'e ,/ h#' p ,/e''#,+a$ .#'( et#,+ -#th#+

the )a'#( 6#+#636 'ta+.a .' a+. e83# e6e+t' e6),.#e. #+ Se(t#,+ 1.!1.!0 ,/ th#' C,.e.

TITLE 0 - FIRE AND FIRE-RESISTIVE STANDARDS Chapte 0.!1 - REDUIREMENTS FOR FIRE EONES
SECTION 0.!1.!1" #eneral %a& 1ire 3ones Defined$ F# e =,+e' a e a ea' -#th#+ -h#(h ,+$1 (e ta#+ t1pe' ,/ )3#$.#+2 a e pe 6#tte. t, )e (,+'t 3(te. )a'e. ,+ the# 3'e4 ,((3pa+(14 t1pe ,/ (,+'t 3(t#,+4 a+. e'#'ta+(e t, /# e. %)& Building 4ocated in More +han .ne 1ire 3one$ I/ a )3#$.#+2 , 't 3(t3 e #' $,(ate. #+ 6, e tha+ ,+e /# e =,+e a+. 6, e tha+ ,+e-th# . ,/ #t' t,ta$ /$,, a ea #' #+ a 6, e e't #(te. /# e =,+e4 the+ the e+t# e )3#$.#+2 'ha$$ (,+/, 6 t, the e83# e6e+t' /, the 6, e e't #(te. a ea. %(& Mo-ed Building$ A+1 )3#$.#+2 , 't 3(t3 e 6,5e. -#th#+ , #+t, a+1 /# e =,+e 'ha$$ )e 6a.e t, (,6p$1 -#th a$$ the e83# e6e+t' /, )3#$.#+2' ,/ that /# e =,+e. %.& +e&porary Buildings$ Te6p, a 1 )3#$.#+2' , 't 3(t3 e' (,+/, 6#+2 t, the e83# e6e+t' ,/ th#' C,.e4 3'e. /, the p ,te(t#,+ ,/ the p3)$#( a ,3+. a+. #+ (,+<3+(t#,+ -#th (,+'t 3(t#,+ -, * 6a1 )e e e(te. #+ a+1 ,/ the /# e =,+e'"Pro-ided that '3(h -, * #' a$$,-e. )1 'pe(#a$ pe 6#t / ,6 the B3#$.#+2 O//#(#a$ a+. '3(h #' 3'e. ,+$1 /, a $#6#te. pe #,. ,/ t#6e. %e& Ce+te L#+e' ,/ St eet'. F, the p3 p,'e ,/ th#' Chapte 4 the (e+te $#+e ,/ a+ a.<,#+#+2 't eet , a$$e1 6a1 )e (,+'#.e e. a+ a.<a(e+t p ,pe t1 $#+e. D#'ta+(e 'ha$$ )e 6ea'3 e. at #2ht a+2$e' t, the 't eet , a$$e1. SECTION 0.!1.!0. Designation of 1ire 3ones %a& The Se( eta 1 'ha$$ ($a''#/1 ea(h t1pe ,/ /# e =,+e #+ a((, .a+(e t, 3'e4 ,((3pa+(14 t1pe ,/ (,+'t 3(t#,+4 a+. e'#'ta+(e t, /# e '3)<e(t t, the p ,5#'#,+' ,/ th#' C,.e. %)& Ba'e. ,+ the ($a''#/#(at#,+ ,/ /# e =,+e'4 C#t1 C,3+'e$' ,

M3+#(#pa$ B,a .'4 )1 e',$3t#,+4 'ha$$ .#5#.e (#t#e' a+. 63+#(#pa$#t#e' #+t, /# e =,+e'. S3(h .#5#'#,+ 'ha$$ )e #+ a((, .a+(e -#th the $,(a$ ph1'#(a$ a+. 'pat#a$ / a6e-, * p$a+' , the e(,66e+.at#,+ ,/ the $,(a$ (#t1 , 63+#(#pa$ .e5e$,p6e+t ),.1.

Chapte 0.!0 - FIRE-RESISTIVE REDUIREMENTS AND STANDARDS FOR FIRE PROTECTION

SECTION 0.!0.!1" 1ire%"esisti-e "e5uire&ents %a& E9te #, )ea #+2 a+. +,+)ea #+2 -a$$' ,/ T1pe' II a+. III (,+'t 3(t#,+' 'ha$$ ha5e ,+e-h,3 /# e- e'#'t#5e at#+27 -h#$e th,'e ,/ t1pe' IV a+. V 'ha$$ ha5e /,3 -h,3 /# e- e'#'t#5e at#+2. %)& I+te #, )ea #+2 -a$$'4 pe 6a+e+t pa t#t#,+'4 /$,, '4 a+. ,,/' ,/ T1pe' II t, IV (,+'t 3(t#,+' 'ha$$ ha5e ,+e-h,3 /# ee'#'t#5e at#+27 -h#$e th,'e ,/ T1pe V 'ha$$ ha5e th ee-h,3 /# e- e'#'t#5e at#+2 /, -a$$'4 ,+e-h,3 /# e- e'#'t#5e at#+2 /, pa t#t#,+'4 a+. t-,-h,3 /# e- e'#'t#5e at#+2 /, 5e t#(a$ ,pe+#+2'4 /$,, '4 a+. ,,/'. %(& St 3(t3 a$ / a6e' ,/ T1pe' II a+. III (,+'t 3(t#,+' 'ha$$ ha5e ,+e-h,3 /# e- e'#'t#5e at#+27 th,'e ,/ T1pe IV 'ha$$ ha5e t-,-h,3 /# e- e'#'t#5e at#+27 a+. th,'e ,/ T1pe V 'ha$$ ha5e th ee-h,3 /# e- e'#'t#5e at#+2. %.& E9te #, .,, ' a+. -#+.,-' 'ha$$ ha5e th ee-/,3 th'-h,3 /# e- e'#'t#5e at#+2 /, a$$ t1pe' ,/ (,+'t 3(t#,+. SECTION 0.!0.!0" 1ire%"esisti-e Standards %a& #eneral$ Mate #a$' a+. '1'te6' ,/ /# e- e'#'t#5e p3 p,'e' 'ha$$ )e ($a''#/#e. a((, .#+2 t, the# /# e- e'#'t#5e at#+2' a' .ete 6#+e. )1 #+te +at#,+a$$1 a((epte. te't#+2 6eth,.'4 '3)<e(t t, the p ,5#'#,+' ,/ th#' Se(t#,+. %)& .ne%Hour 1ire%"esisti-e +i&e Period "ating (1) %he following walls and partitions shall have a one!hour fire!resistive rating$ 2olid masonry, 1. centimeters (' inches) thic"; hollow unit masonry, 1) centimeters (* inches) thic";

solid concrete, 1. centimeters (' inches) thic"; stud walls covered on each side with 11- centimeters (&=' inch) lath and plaster, 11* centimeters ()=, inch) of vermiculite gypsum oard, or 21) centimeters (1 inch) of gypsum oard; and ) centimeters (2 inches) nominal thic"ness tongue and groove wood, or two layers of 11- centimeters (&=' inch) tongue and groove wood separated y sheet metal or as estos paper and treated on each side with a fire!retardant coating having a flame!spread rating of ). or less1 2quare!edged oards may e used is the layers are laid at right angles with each other1 (2) %he following floors shall have a one!hour fire!resistive rating$ masonry or concrete, 1. centimeters (' inches) thic"; wood (oists having two layers of flooring a ove and a plaster or gypsum oard ceiling, 11- centimeters (&=' inch) in thic"ness ! the two layers of flooring shall e separated y sheet metal or as estos uilding paper; *1& centimeters (2!1=2 inches) net thic"ness tongue and grooved wood floors covered with 11centimeters (&=' inch) wood flooring laid at right angles thereto1 %he supporting eams for such floors shall e not less than 1) centimeters (* inches) in minimum dimension1 (&) %he following protections for metal structural mem ers shall have one!hour fire!resistive rating$ 21) centimeters (1 inch) of concrete; &1, centimeters (1!1=2 inches) of masonry; and metal lath and 21) centimeters (1 inch) of plaster1 (') %he following shall also have a one!hour fire!resistive rating; wood colums, 2. centimeters (, inches) or more in least dimension; and wood eams, 1) centimeters (* inches) or more in least dimension1 %(& +'o%Hour 1ire%"esisti-e +i&e Period "ating (1) %he following partitions, walls, and floors shall have a two! hour fire!resistive rating$ solid masonry, 1) centimeters (* inches) thic"; hollow unit masonry, 2. centimeters (, inches) thic"; and solid concrete, 12+ centimeters () inches) thic"1 (2) %he following protections for metal structural mem ers shall have a two!hour fire!resistive rating1 &1, centimeters (1! 1=2 inches) of concrete; ) centimeters (2 inches) of masonry; and two layers of metal lath and plaster with 11- centimeters

(&=' inch) air space etween and having a total thic"ness of *1& centimeters (2!1=2 inches)1 %.& +hree%Hour 1ire%"esisti-e +i&e Period "ating (1) %he following partitions, walls, and floors shall have a three!hour fire!resistive rating$ solid masonry, 1+1, centimeters (+ inches) thic"; hollow unit masonry, 2)1' centimeters (1. inches) thic"; and solid concrete, 1) centimeters (* inches) thic"1 (2) %he following protection for metal structural mem ers shall have a three!hour fire resistive rating$ centimeters (2 inches) of concrete; +1* centimeters (& inches) of masonry1 %e& 1our%Hour 1ire%"esisti-e +i&e Period "ating (1) %he following partitions, walls, and floors shall have a four! hour fire resistive rating$ solic masonry walls, 2. centimeters (, inches) thic"; hollow unit masonry, &. centimeters (12 inches) thic"; and solid concrete, 1+1, centimeters (+ inches) thic"1 %/& Steel 0oists. Stee$ <,#'t /$,, ' 'ha$$ ha5e / ,6 ,+e t, /,3 h,3 /# e- e'#'t#5e at#+2 )a'e. ,+ #+te +at#,+a$$1 a((epte. 'ta+.a .' ,/ e+2#+ee #+2. %2& 1la&e%Proof Materials$ Mate #a$' e83# e. t, )e /$a6ep ,,/e. 'ha$$ )e t eate. -#th a /$a6e- eta .a+t ha5#+2 /$a6e'p ea. at#+2 ,/ 5! $e'' a' .ete 6#+e. )1 the CT3++e$ Te'tC. SECTION 0.!0.!:" Interior (all and Ceiling 1inish %a& #eneral$ F#+#'he' /, #+te #, -a$$' a+. (e#$#+2' ,/ a+1 )3#$.#+2 'ha$$ )e ($a''#/#e. a((, .#+2 t, the# /$a6e-'p ea. (ha a(te #'t#(' 3'#+2 the #+te +at#,+a$$1 a((epte. CT3++e$ Te'tC , ,the e83#5a$e+t te't /, /# e p ,te(t#,+. The ($a'' ,/ 6ate #a$' a((, .#+2 t, /$a6e-'p ea. (ha a(te #'t#(' 'ha$$ )e .ete 6#+e. /, ea(h ,((3pa+(1 2 ,3p. The '6,*e .e+'#t1 'ha$$ +,t )e 2 eate tha+ that ,)ta#+ / ,6 the )3 +#+2 ,/ 3+t eate. -,,. 3+.e '#6#$a (,+.#t#,+' -he+ te'te. #+ a((, .a+(e -#th the CT3++e$ Te'tC #+ the -a1 #+te+.e. /, 3'e. The p ,.3(t' ,/ (,6)3't#,+ 'ha$$ )e +, 6, e t,9#( tha+ the )3 +#+2 ,/

3+t eate. -,,. 3+.e '#6#$a (,+.#t#,+'. %)& Interior 1inish Materials$ I+te #, -a$$' a+. (e#$#+2 /#+#'h 'ha$$ 6ea+ #+te #, -a#+'(,t#+24 pa+e$#+24 , ,the /#+#'h app$#e. 't 3(t3 a$$1 , /, .e(, at#,+4 a(,3't#(a$ (, e(t#,+4 '3 /a(e #+'3$at#,+ , '#6#$a p3 p,'e'. Re83# e6e+t' /, /#+#'he' 'ha$$ +,t app$1 t, t #64 .,, '4 a+. -#+.,-' , the# / a6e'4 +, t, 6ate #a$' -h#(h a e $e'' tha+ ,+e 6#$$#6ete %!.!:A #+(h& #+ th#(*+e'' (e6e+te. t, a+ #+(,6)3't#)$e )a(*#+2. I+te #, /#+#'h 6ate #a$' app$#e. t, -a$$' a+. (e#$#+2' 'ha$$ )e te'te. a' 'pe(#/#e. he e#+ a+. e23$ate. /, p3 p,'e' ,/ $#6#t#+2 /$a6e-'p ea.. SECTION 0.!0.!4" Pro&ulgation of 1ire%"esisti-e "egulations %a& The Se( eta 1 'ha$$ p ,63$2ate app ,p #ate 'ta+.a .' a+. e23$at#,+' ,+ the te't#+2 ,/ 6ate #a$' /, /$a6e-'p ea. (ha a(te #'t#('7 app$#(at#,+ ,/ (,+t ,$$e. #+te #, /#+#'h7 /#+#'he' )a'e. ,+ ,((3pa+(17 6ate #a$' a+. te't' ,+ /# e .a6pe '4 /# e te't' ,/ )3#$.#+2 (,+'t 3(t#,+ a+. 6ate #a$'4 /# e te't' ,/ .,, a''e6)$#e'4 t#+-($a. /# e .,, '4 /# e te't ,/ -#+.,- a''e6)$#e'4 #+'ta$$at#,+ ,/ /# e .,, a+. /# e -#+.,-'4 a+. '6,*e a+. /# e .ete(t, ' /, /# e p ,te(t#5e '#2+a$#+2 '1'te6'7 /# e- e'#'t#5e p ,te(t#,+ ,/ 't 3(t3 a$ 6e6)e '7 /# ee'#'t#5e -a$$' a+. pa t#t#,+'7 /# e- e'#'t#5e /$,, -(e#$#+2' , ,,/-(e#$#+2'7 /# e- e'#'t#5e a''e6)$#e' /, p ,te(t#,+ ,/ ,pe+#+2'7 a+. /# e- eta .a+t ,,/ (,5e #+2'.

TITLE : - REDUIREMENTS BASED ON OCCUPANCF Chapte :.!1 - CLASSIFICATION OF ALL BUILDINGS BF USE OR OCCUPANCF AND GENERAL REDUIREMENTS FOR ALL OCCUPANCIES
SECTION :.!1.!1" .ccupancy Classified %a& B3#$.#+2 p ,p,'e.4 /, (,+'t 3(t#,+ 'ha$$ )e #.e+t#/#e. a((, .#+2 t, #t' 3'e , the (ha a(te ,/ #t' ,((3pa+(1 a+. 'ha$$ )e ($a''#/#e. a' /,$$,-'" (1) 9roup / ! 6esidential$ 5wellings1 9roup / ;ccupancies shall include dwellings1 (2) 9roup 7 ! 6esidential$ 3otels and /partments1 ! 9roup 7

;ccupancies shall include oarding or lodging houses, hotels, apartment houses, convents, and monasteries (each accomodating more than 1. persons)1chan robles virtual law library (&) 9roup # ! >ducation and 6ecreation1 9roup # ;ccupancies shall e any uilding used for school or day care purposes more than eight hours per wee", involving assem lage for instruction, education, or recreation, and not classed in 9roup < or in 5ivisions 1 and 2 of 9roup 3 ;ccupancies1 (') 9roup 5 ! <nstitutional1 9roup 5 ;ccupancies shall include$ 5ivision 1 ! ?ental hospitals, mental sanitariums, (ails, prisons, reformatories, and uildings where personal li erties of inmates are similarly restrained; 5ivision 2 ! @urseries for full! time care of children under "indergarten age, hospitals, sanitariums, nursing homes with non!am ulatory patients, and similar uildings (each accommodating more than five persons); 5ivision & ! @ursing homes for am ulatory patients, homes for children of "indergarten age or over (each accommodating more than five persons); 0rovided, %hat 9roup 5 ;ccupancies shall not include uildings used only for private residential purposes or for a family group1 ()) 9roup > ! 7usiness and ?ercantile1 9roup > ;ccupancies shall include$ 5ivision 1 ! 9asoline filling and service stations; storage garage and oat storage structures where no wor" is done except exchange of parts and maintenance requiring no open flame, welding, or the use of highly flamma le liquids; 5ivision 2 ! Wholesale and retail stores, office uildings, drin"ing and dining esta lishments having an occupant load test than 1.., printing plants, municipal police and fire stations, factories and wor"shops using materials not highly flamma le or com usti le, storage and sales room for com usti le goods, and paint stores without ul" handling, and 5ivision & !/ircraft hangars where no repair wor" is done except exchange of parts and maintenance requiring no open flame, welding, or the use of highly flamma le liquids; open par"ing garages and heliports1 (*) 9roup 8 ! <ndustrial1 9roup 8 ;ccupancies shall include$ <ce plants, power plants, pumping plants, cold storage, and creameries; factories and wor"shops using incom usti le and non!explosive materials; and storage and sales rooms of

incom usti le and non!explosive materials1 (+) 9roup 9 ! 2torage and 3azardous1 9roup 9 ;ccupancies shall include$ 5ivision 1 ! 2torage and handling of hazardous and highly flamma le or explosive materials other than flamma le liquids; 5ivision 2 ! 2torage and handling of flamma le liquids; dry cleaning plants using flamma le liquids; paint stores with ul" handling; paint shops and spray painting rooms, and shops; 5ivision & ! Wood wor"ing esta lishments, planning mills and ox factories, shops factories where loose, com usti le fi ers or dust are manufactured, processed or generated; warehouses where highly com usti le material is stored; 5ivision ' ! 6epair garages; and 5ivision ) ! /ircraft repair hangars1 (,) 9roup 3 ! /ssem ly ;ther %han 9roup <1 9roup 3 ;ccupancies shall include$ 5ivision 1 ! /ny assem ly uilding with a stage and an occupant load of less than 1.. in the uilding; 5ivision 2 ! /ny assem ly uilding without a stage and having an occupant load of &.. or more in the uilding; 5ivision & ! /ny assem ly uilding without a stage and having an occupant load of less than &.. in the uilding, including such uildings used for school purposes less than eight hours per wee"; and 5ivision ' ! 2tadiums, reviewing stands, amusement par" structures not included within 9roup < or 5ivisions 1, 2, and &, 9roup 3 ;ccupancies1 (-) 9roup < ! /ssem ly ;ccupant Aoad 1... or ?ore1 9roup < ;ccupancies shall e any assem ly uilding with a stage and an occupant load of 1... or more in the uilding1 (1.) 9roup : ! /ccessory1 9roup : ;ccupancies shall include$ 5ivision 1 ! 0rivate garages, carports, sheds, and agricultural uildings; 5ivision 2 ! 8ences over 11,. meters (* feet) high, tan"s, and towers1 %)& Othe '3)2 ,3p#+2' , .#5#'#,+' -#th#+ G ,3p' A t, B 6a1 )e .ete 6#+e. )1 the Se( eta 1. A+1 ,the ,((3pa+(1 +,t 6e+t#,+e. 'pe(#/#(a$$1 #+ th#' Se(t#,+4 , a),3t -h#(h the e #' a+1 83e't#,+4 'ha$$ )e #+($3.e. #+ the G ,3p -h#(h #t' 3'e 6,'t +ea $1 e'e6)$e' )a'e. ,+ the e9#'t#+2 , p ,p,'e. $#/e a+. /# e ha=a ..

%(& The B3#$.#+2 O//#(#a$' 'ha$$ #.e+t#/1 a+. #+.#(ate #+ the Ce t#/#(ate ,/ O((3pa+(1 the app ,p #ate ($a''#/#(at#,+ t, -h#(h a )3#$.#+2 , 't 3(t3 e t, )e (,+'t 3(te. )e$,+2'. SECTION :.!1.!0" Change in Use %a& N, (ha+2e 'ha$$ )e 6a.e #+ the (ha a(te ,/ ,((3pa+(#e' , 3'e ,/ a+1 )3#$.#+2 -h#(h -,3$. p$a(e the )3#$.#+2 #+ a .#//e e+t .#5#'#,+ ,/ the 'a6e 2 ,3p ,/ ,((3pa+(1 , #+ a .#//e e+t 2 ,3p ,/ ,((3pa+(#e'4 3+$e'' '3(h )3#$.#+2' #' 6a.e t, (,6p$1 -#th the e83# e6e+t' /, '3(h .#5#'#,+ , 2 ,3p ,/ ,((3pa+(1" E9(ept4 That the (ha a(te ,/ ,((3pa+(1 ,/ e9#'t#+2 )3#$.#+2' 6a1 )e (ha+2e. '3)<e(t t, the app ,5a$ ,/ the B3#$.#+2 O//#(#a$ a+. the )3#$.#+2 6a1 )e ,((3p#e. /, p3 p,'e' 'et /, th #+ ,the G ,3p' -#th,3t (,+/, 6#+2 t, a$$ the e83# e6e+t' /, th,'e G ,3p'4 p ,5#.e. the +e- , p ,p,'e. 3'e #' $e'' ha=a .,3'4 )a'e. ,+ $#/e a+. /# e #'*4 tha+ the e9#'t#+2 3'e. SECTION :.!1.!:" Mi6ed .ccupancy %a& #eneral$ ;he+ a )3#$.#+2 #' 3'e. /, 6, e tha+ ,+e ,((3pa+(1 p3 p,'e'4 ea(h pa t ,/ the )3#$.#+2 (,6p #'#+2 a .#'t#+(t CO((3pa+(1C 'ha$$ )e 'epa ate. / ,6 a+1 ,the ,((3pa+(1. ;he+ a )3#$.#+2 #' 3'e. /, 6, e tha+ ,+e ,((3pa+(1 p3 p,'e4 #t 'ha$$ )e '3)<e(t t, the 6,'t e't #(t#5e e83# e6e+t' /, the ,((3pa+(#e' (,+(e +e." E9(ept4 - %1& ;he+ a ,+e-'t, 1 )3#$.#+2 h,3'e' 6, e tha+ ,+e ,((3pa+(14 ea(h p, t#,+ ,/ the )3#$.#+2 'ha$$ (,+/, 6 t, the e83# e6e+t' /, the ,((3pa+(1 h,3'e. the e#+4 a+. the a ea ,/ the )3#$.#+2 'ha$$ )e '3(h that the '36 ,/ the a(t3a$ a ea' .#5#.e. )1 the a$$,-a)$e a ea /, ea(h 'epa ate ,((3pa+(1 'ha$$ +,t e9(ee. ,+e7 a+. %0& ;he e 6#+, a((e'', 1 3'e' ., +,t ,((3p1 6, e tha+ 1! pe (e+t ,/ the a ea ,/ a+1 /$,, ,/ a )3#$.#+24 +, 6, e tha+ 1! pe (e+t ,/ the )a'#' a e pe 6#tte. #+ the ,((3pa+(1 e83# e6e+t'. The 6a<, 3'e ,/ the )3#$.#+2 'ha$$ .ete 6#+e the ,((3pa+(1 ($a''#/#(at#,+ p ,5#.e. the 3'e' a e 'epa ate. #+ a((, .a+(e -#th e83# e6e+t' /, ,((3pa+(1 'epa at#,+. %)& 1or&s of .ccupancy Separation$ O((3pa+(1 'epa at#,+' 'ha$$ )e 5e t#(a$ , h, #=,+ta$ , ),th4 , -he+ +e(e''a 14 ,/ '3(h ,the /, 6 a' 6a1 )e e83# e. t, a//, . a (,6p$ete

'epa at#,+ )et-ee+ the 5a #,3' ,((3pa+(1 .#5#'#,+' #+ the )3#$.#+2. %(& +ypes of .ccupancy Separation$ O((3pa+(1 'epa at#,+' 'ha$$ )e ($a''e. a' CO+e-H,3 F# e-Re'#'t#5eC CT-,-H,3 F# eRe'#'t#5eC4 CTh ee-H,3 F# e-Re'#'t#5eC4 a+. CF,3 -H,3 F# eRe'#'t#5eC. (1) / B;ne!3our 8ire!6esistive ;ccupancy 2eparationsB shall e of not less than one!hour fire!resistive construction1 /ll openings in such a separations shall e protected a fire assem ly having a one!hour fire!resistive rating1 (2) / B%wo!3our 8ire!6esistive ;ccupancy 2eparationB shall e of not less than two!hour fire!resistive construction1 /ll openings in such separation shall e protected y a fire assem ly having a one and one!half!hour fire!resistive rating1 (&) / B%hree!3our 8ire!6esistive ;ccupancy 2eparationB shall e of not less than three!hour fire!resistive construction1 /ll openings in walls forming such separation shall e protected y a fire assem ly having a three!hour fire!resistive rating1 %he total width of all openings in any three!hour fire!resistive occupancy separation wall in any one!story shall not exceed 2) per cent of the length of the wall in that story and no single opening shall have an area greater than 1.1.. square meters (1.+11 square feet)1 /ll openings in floors forming a B%hree! 3our 8ire!6esistive ;ccupancy 2eparationB shall e protected y vertical enclosures extending a ove and elow such openings1 %he walls of such vertical enclosures shall e of not less than ten!hours fire!resistive construction, and all openings therein shall e protected y a fire assem ly having one and one!half!hour fire!resistive rating1 (') / B8our!3our 8ire!6esistive ;ccupancy 2eparationB shall have no openings therein and shall e of not less than four! hour fire!resistive construction1 %.& 1ire "atings for .ccupancy Separation$ O((3pa+(1 'epa at#,+' 'ha$$ )e p ,5#.e. )et-ee+ 5a #,3' 2 ,3p'4 '3)2 ,3p#+2'4 , .#5#'#,+' ,/ ,((3pa+(#e'. The Se( eta 1 'ha$$ p ,63$2ate 3$e' a+. e23$at#,+' /, app ,p #ate ,((3pa+(1 'epa at#,+' #+ )3#$.#+2' ,/ 6#9e. ,((3pa+(1" Pro-ided That

-he e a+1 ,((3pa+(1 'epa at#,+ #' e83# e.4 the 6#+#636 'ha$$ )e a CO+e-H,3 F# e-Re'#'t#5e O((3pa+(1 Sepa at#,+C7 a+. -he e the ,((3pa+(1 'epa at#,+ #' h, #=,+ta$4 't 3(t3 a$ 6e6)e ' '3pp, t#+2 the 'epa at#,+ 'ha$$ )e p ,te(te. )1 e83#5a$e+t /# e- e'#'t#5e (,+'t 3(t#,+. SECTION :.!1.!4" 4ocation on Property %a& Ge+e a$. B3#$.#+2' 'ha$$ a.<,#+ , ha5e a((e'' t, a p3)$#( 'pa(e4 1a .4 , 't eet ,+ +,t $e'' tha+ ,+e '#.e. Re83# e. 1a .' 'ha$$ )e pe 6a+e+t$1 6a#+ta#+e.. F, the p3 p,'e ,/ th#' Se(t#,+4 the (e+te $#+e ,/ a+ a.<,#+#+2 't eet , a$$e1 'ha$$ )e (,+'#.e e. a+ a.<a(e+t p ,pe t1 $#+e. Ea5e' ,5e e83# e. -#+.,-' 'ha$$ )e +,t $e'' tha+ >5 (e+t#6ete ' %:! #+(he'& / ,6 the '#.e a+. ea a+. ea p ,pe t1 $#+e'. %)& 1ire "esistance of (alls$ E9te #, -a$$' 'ha$$ ha5e /# e e'#'ta+(e a+. ,pe+#+2 p ,te(t#,+ #+ a((, .a+(e -#th e83# e6e+t' 'et )1 the Se( eta 1. P ,<e(t#,+' )e1,+. the e9te #, -a$$ 'ha$$ +,t e9te+. )e1,+. a p,#+t ,+e-th# . the .#'ta+(e t, the p ,pe t1 $#+e / ,6 a+ e9te #, -a$$7 , a p,#+t ,+e-th# . the .#'ta+(e / ,6 a+ a''36e. 5e t#(a$ p$a+e $,(ate. -he e /# e- e'#'t#5e p ,te(t#,+ ,/ ,pe+#+2' #' /# 't e83# e. .3e t, $,(at#,+ ,+ p ,pe t14 -h#(he5e #' the $ea't e't #(t#5e. D#'ta+(e 'ha$$ )e 6ea'3 e. at #2ht a+2$e' / ,6 the p ,pe t1 $#+e. ;he+ ,pe+#+2' #+ e9te #, -a$$' a e e83# e. t, )e p ,te(te. .3e t, .#'ta+(e / ,6 p ,pe t1 $#+e4 the '36 ,/ the a ea ,/ '3(h ,pe+#+2' 'ha$$ +,t e9(ee. 5! pe (e+t ,/ the t,ta$ a ea ,/ the -a$$ #+ ea(h 't, 1. %(& Buildings on Sa&e Property and Buildings Containing Courts$ F, the p3 p,'e ,/ .ete 6#+#+2 the e83# e. -a$$ a+. ,pe+#+2 p ,te(t#,+4 )3#$.#+2' ,+ the 'a6e p ,pe t1 a+. (,3 t -a$$' 'ha$$ )e a''36e. t, ha5e a p ,pe t1 $#+e )et-ee+ the6. ;he+ a +e- )3#$.#+2 #' t, )e e e(te. ,+ the 'a6e p ,pe t1 -#th a+ e9#'t#+2 )3#$.#+24 the a''36e. p ,pe t1 $#+e / ,6 the e9#'t#+2 )3#$.#+2 'ha$$ )e the .#'ta+(e t, the p ,pe t1 $#+e /, ea(h ,((3pa+(1 a' 'et /, th )1 the Se( eta 1" P ,5#.e.4 That t-, , 6, e )3#$.#+2' ,+ the 'a6e p ,pe t1 6a1 )e (,+'#.e e. a' p, t#,+' ,/ ,+e )3#$.#+2 ,/ the a22 e2ate a ea ,/ '3(h )3#$.#+2' #' -#th#+ the $#6#t' ,/ a$$,-a)$e /$,, a ea' /, a '#+2$e )3#$.#+27 a+. that -he+ the )3#$.#+2' ', (,+'#.e e. h,3'e .#//e e+t ,((3pa+(#e' , a e ,/ .#//e e+t t1pe' ,/

(,+'t 3(t#,+4 the a ea 'ha$$ )e that a$$,-e. /, the 6,'t e't #(te. ,((3pa+(1 , (,+'t 3(t#,+. SECTION :.!1.!5" Allo'able 1loor Areas %a& A ea' ,/ O+e-St, 1 B3#$.#+2' a+. B3#$.#+2 O5e O+e St, 1. A$$,-a)$e /$,, a ea' /, ,+e-'t, 1 )3#$.#+2' a+. )3#$.#+2' ,5e ,+e 't, 1 'ha$$ +,t e9(ee. the $#6#t' .ete 6#+e. #+ a((, .a+(e -#th ,((3pa+(1 2 ,3p' a+. t1pe' ,/ (,+'t 3(t#,+. %)& Area Separation (alls$ Ea(h p, t#,+ ,/ a )3#$.#+2 'epa ate. )1 ,+e , 6, e a ea 'epa at#,+ -a$$' 6a1 )e (,+'#.e e. a 'epa ate )3#$.#+2 p ,5#.e. the a ea 'epa at#,+ -a$$ 6eet the e83# e6e+t' ,/ th#' C,.e. SECTION :.!1.!6" Allo'able Area Increases %a& The /$,, a ea he e#+a),5e p ,5#.e. 6a1 )e #+( ea'e. #+ (e ta#+ 'pe(#/#( #+'ta+(e' a+. 3+.e app ,p #ate (,+.#t#,+'4 )a'e. ,+ the e9#'te+(e ,/ p3)$#( 'pa(e4 't eet'4 , 1a .' e9te+.#+2 a$,+2 the a.<,#+#+2 t-, , 6, e '#.e' ,/ the )3#$.#+2 , 't 3(t3 e. SECTION :.!1.!>" Ma6i&u& Height of Buildings and Increases %a& The 6a9#636 he#2ht a+. +36)e ,/ 't, #e' ,/ e5e 1 )3#$.#+2 'ha$$ )e .epe+.e+t 3p,+ the (ha a(te ,/ the ,((3pa+(1 a+. the t1pe ,/ (,+'t 3(t#,+4 a+. 'ha$$ +,t e9(ee. the $#6#t' .ete 6#+e. )1 p,p3$at#,+ .e+'#t14 )3#$.#+2 )3$*4 -#.th' ,/ 't eet'4 a+. (a pa *#+2 e83# e6e+t'. The he#2ht 'ha$$ )e 6ea'3 e. / ,6 the h#2he't a.<,#+#+2 '#.e-a$* , 2 ,3+. '3 /a(e4 p ,5#.e. that the he#2ht 6ea'3 e. / ,6 the $,-e't a.<,#+#+2 '3 /a(e 'ha$$ +,t e9(ee. '3(h 6a9#636 he#2ht )1 6, e tha+ :.!! 6ete ' %1! /eet&" E9(ept4 That t,-e '4 'p# e'4 a+. 'teep$e'4 e e(te. a' a pa t ,/ a )3#$.#+2 a+. +,t 3'e. /, ha)#tat#,+ , 't, a2e4 a e $#6#te. a' t, he#2ht ,+$1 )1 't 3(t3 a$ .e'#2+ #/ (,6p$ete$1 ,/ #+(,6)3't#)$e 6ate #a$'4 , 6a1 e9te+. +,t t, e9(ee. 6.!! 6ete ' %1A /eet4 @ #+(he'& a),5e the he#2ht $#6#t' /, ea(h ,((3pa+(1 2 ,3p #/ ,/ (,6)3't#)$e 6ate #a$'. SECTION :.!1.!@" Ma6i&u& "e5uire&ents for #roup A D'ellings, .ne +'o Stories

%a& D'elling 4ocation and 4ot .ccupancy$ The .-e$$#+2 'ha$$ ,((3p1 +,t 6, e tha+ A! pe (e+t ,/ a (, +e $,t a+. @! pe (e+t ,/ a+ #+'#.e $,t4 a+. '3)<e(t t, the p ,5#'#,+' ,+ ea'e6e+t' ,/ $#2ht a+. 5#e- ,/ the C#5#$ C,.e ,/ the Ph#$#pp#+e'4 'ha$$ )e at $ea't 0.!! 6ete ' %6 /eet4 #+(he'& / ,6 the p ,pe t1 $#+e. %)& 4ight and 2entilation$ E5e 1 .-e$$#+2 'ha$$ )e ', (,+'t 3(te. a+. a a+2e. a' t, p ,5#.e a.e83ate $#2ht a+. 5e+t#$at#,+. (1) 3a ita le rooms, athrooms, toilet rooms and utility rooms shall have a height of not less than 21'. meters (, feet), measured from floor to ceiling1 (2) 6ooms shall have a minimum size of *1.. square meters (*) square feet) with a least horizontal dimension of 21.. meters (* feet, + inches) for rooms of human ha itations; &1.. square meters (&2 feet) with a least horizontal dimension of 11). meters () feet) for "itchens; and 112. square meters (1& square feet) with a least horizontal dimension of -. centimeters (& feet) for athrooms1 (&) Windows shall room1 e at least 1=1.th of the floor area of the

%(& Sanitation$ E5e 1 .-e$$#+2 'ha$$ )e p ,5#.e. -#th at $ea't ,+e 'a+#ta 1 t,#$et a+. a.e83ate -a'h#+2 a+. . a#+a2e /a(#$#t#e'. %.& 1oundation$ F,,t#+2 'ha$$ )e ,/ '3//#(#e+t '#=e a+. 't e+2th t, '3pp, t the $,a. a+. .-e$$#+2 a+. 'ha$$ )e at $ea't :! (e+t#6ete ' %1 /,,t& th#(* a+. 6! (e+t#6ete ' %0 /eet& )e$,the '3 /a(e ,/ the 2 ,3+.. Ea(h p,'t 'ha$$ )e a+(h, e. t, '3(h /,,t#+2' )1 't ap' a+. ),$t' ,/ a.e83ate '#=e. %e& Post or Suportales$ The .#6e+'#,+' ,/ -,,.e+ p,'t , '3p, ta$e' 'ha$$ )e th,'e /,3+. #+ Ta)$e :.!1 - A D#6e+'#,+ ,/ ;,,.e+ P,'t' , S3p, ta$e' %A++e9 B&. %/& 1loor$ The $#5e $,a. ,/ the /# 't /$,, 'ha$$ )e at $ea't 0!! *#$,2 a6' pe '83a e 6ete %4! p,3+.' pe '83a e /,,t& a+.

/, the 'e(,+. /$,, 4 at $ea't 15! *#$,2 a6' pe '83a e 6ete %:! p,3+.' pe '83a e /,,t&. %2& "oof$ The -#+. $,a. /, ,,/' 'ha$$ )e at $ea't 15! *#$,2 a6' pe '83a e 6ete %:! p,3+.' pe '83a e /,,t&. %h& Stairs$ Sta# ' 6a1 )e >5 (e+t#6ete ' %:! #+(he'& -#.e4 -#th a #'e ,/ 0! (e+t#6ete ' %@ #+(he'& a+. a 3+ ,/ 0: (e+t#6ete ' %A #+(he'&. %#& /ntrance and /6it$ The e 'ha$$ )e ,+e e+t a+(e a+. ,+e e9#t. %<& /lectrical .utlets$ The e 'ha$$ )e at $ea't ,+e (,+5e+#e+(e ,3t$et pe 6.!! 6ete ' %0! /eet& ,/ -a$$ 6ea'3 e. a$,+2 the /$,, a+. ,+e $#2ht ,3t$et /, e5e 1 ,,6. %*& Mechanical "e5uire&ents$ Fa6#$1 .-e$$#+2' +,t 6, e tha+ t-, 't, #e' 'ha$$ )e e9e6pt / ,6 the e83# e6e+t' ,/ the Me(ha+#(a$ C,.e. SECTION :.!1.!A" "e5uire&ents for #roup .ccupancies %a& S3)<e(t t, the p ,5#'#,+' ,/ th#' C,.e4 the Se( eta 1 'ha$$ p ,63$2ate e23$at#,+' /, ea(h ,((3pa+(1 2 ,3p (,5e #+2" a$$,-a)$e (,+'t 3(t#,+4 he#2ht4 a+. a ea7 $,(at#,+ ,+ p ,pe t14 e9#t /a(#$#t#e'4 $#2ht4 5e+t#$at#,+4 a+. 'a+#tat#,+7 e+($,'3 e ,/ 5e t#(a$ ,pe+#+2'7 /# e-e9t#+23#'h#+2 '1'te67 a+. 'pe(#a$ ha=a .'.

TITLE 4 - TFPES OF CONSTRUCTION Chapte 4.!1 - CLASSIFICATION OF ALL BUILDINGS BF TFPES OF CONSTRUCTION AND GENERAL REDUIREMENTS
SECTION 4.!1.!1" +ypes of Construction %a& The e83# e6e+t' ,/ th#' Chapte a e 6#+#636 /, the 5a 1#+2 .e2 ee' ,/ p3)$#( 'a/et1 a+. e'#'ta+(e t, /# e. E5e 1 )3#$.#+2 p ,p,'e. /, (,+'t 3(t#,+ 'ha$$ )e #.e+t#/#e. a((, .#+2 t, the /,$$,-#+2"

(1) %ype <1 %ype < 7uildings shall e of wood construction1 %he structural elements may e any of the materials permitted y this #ode1 (2) %ype <<1 %ype << 7uildings shall e of wood construction with protective fire!resistant materials and one!hour fire! resistive throughout$ >xcept, %hat permanent non earing partitions may use fire!retardant treated wood within the framing assem ly1 (&) %ype <<<1 %ype <<< 7uildings shall e masonry and wood construction, 2tructual elements may e any of the materials permitted y this #ode$ 0rovided, %hat the uilding shall e one!hour fire!resistive throughout1 >xterior walls shall e of incom usti le fire!resistive construction1 (') %ype <C1 %ype <C 7uilding shall e of steel, iron, concrete, or masonry construction1 Walls and permanent partitions shall e of incom usti le fire!resistive construction$ >xcept, %hat permanent non earing partitions of one!hour fire resistive construction framing assem ly1 ()) %ype C1 %ype C 7uildings shall e fire!resistive1 %he structural elements shall e of steel, iron, concrete, or masonry construction1 Walls and permanent partitions shall e incom usti le fire!resistive construction1 %)& Othe '3)t1pe' , .#5#'#,+' -#th#+ T1pe' I t, V 6a1 )e .ete 6#+e. )1 the Se( eta 1. A+1 )3#$.#+2 -h#(h .,e' +,t (,+/, 6 e+t# e$1 t, a t1pe ,/ (,+'t 3(t#,+ he e#+ 'et /, th 'ha$$ )e ($a''#/#e. #+t, a t1pe ha5#+2 a+ e83a$ , $e''e .e2 ee ,/ /# e- e'#'ta+(e ,/ the )3#$.#+2. %(& The B3#$.#+2 O//#(#a$ 'ha$$ #.e+t#/1 a+. #+.#(ate #+ the Ce t#/#(ate ,/ O((3pa+(1 the app ,p #ate ($a''#/#(at#,+ t, -h#(h a )3#$.#+2 , 't 3(t3 e t, )e (,+'t 3(te. )e$,+2'. SECTION 4.!1.!0" Change in +ype %a& N, (ha+2e 'ha$$ )e 6a.e #+ the t1pe ,/ (,+'t 3(t#,+ ,/ a+1 )3#$.#+2 -h#(h -,3$. p$a(e the )3#$.#+2 #+ a .#//e e+t '3)t1pe , t1pe ,/ (,+'t 3(t#,+ 3+$e'' '3(h )#..#+2 #' 6a.e t, (,6p$1 -#th the e83# e6e+t' /, '3(h '3)t1pe , t1pe ,/

(,+'t 3(t#,+" E9(ept4 That the t1pe ,/ (,+'t 3(t#,+ ,/ e9#'t#+2 )3#$.#+2' 6a1 )e (ha+2e. '3)<e(t t, the app ,5a$ ,/ the B3#$.#+2 O//#(#a$ a+. the )3#$.#+2 6a1 )e (,+'t 3(te. /, p3 p,'e' 'et /, th #+ ,the T1pe' -#th,3t (,+/, 6#+2 t, a$$ the e83# e6e+t' /, th,'e T1pe'4 p ,5#.e. the +e- , p ,p,'e. (,+'t 3(t#,+ #' $e'' ha=a .,3'4 )a'e. ,+ $#/e a+. /# e #'*4 tha+ the e9#'t#+2 (,+'t 3(t#,+. SECTION 4.!1.!:" "e5uire&ents on +ypes of Construction %a& S3)<e(t t, the p ,5#'#,+' ,/ th#' Chapte 4 the Se( eta 1 'ha$$ p ,63$2ate e23$at#,+' /, ea(h t1pe ,/ (,+'t 3(t#,+4 a+. p ,63$2ate 3$e' a+. e23$at#,+' the e/, 4 (,5e #+2" 't 3(t3 a$ / a6e-, *4 e9te #, -a$$' a+. ,pe+#+2'4 #+te #, -a$$' a+. e+($,'3 e'4 /$,, '4 e9#t' a+. 'ta ' (,+'t 3(t#,+4 a+. ,,/'.

TITLE - LIGHT4 VENTILATION4 AND SANITATION Chapte 5.!1 - LIGHT AND VENTILATION
SECTION 5.!1.!1" #eneral %a& S3)<e(t t, the p ,5#'#,+' ,/ the C#5#$ C,.e ,+ ea'e6e+t ,+ $#2ht a+. 5#e-4 a+. t, p ,5#'#,+' ,/ th#' T#t$e4 e5e 1 )3#$.#+2 'ha$$ )e ', (,+'t 3(te.4 a a+2e.4 a+. e83#ppe. a' t, p ,5#.e a.e83ate $#2ht a+. 5e+t#$at#,+. %)& A$$ )3#$.#+2 e e(te. 'ha$$ /a(e a 't eet , p3)$#( a$$e1 , p #5ate 't eet -h#(h ha' )ee+ ,//#(#a$$1 app ,5e.. %(& N, )3#$.#+2 'ha$$ )e a$te e. +, a a+2e. ', a' t, e.3(e the '#=e ,/ a+1 ,,6 , the e$at#5e a ea ,/ -#+.,-' t, $e'' tha+ that p ,5#.e. /, )3#$.#+2' 3+.e th#' C,.e4 , ', a' t, ( eate a+ a..#t#,+a$ ,,64 3+$e'' '3(h a..#t#,+a$ ,,6 (,+/, 6' t, the e83# e6e+t' ,/ th#' C,.e. %.& N, )3#$.#+2 'ha$$ )e e+$a 2e.4 ', that the .#6e+'#,+' ,/ a+1 e83# e. (,3 t 1a . -,3$. )e $e'' tha+ that p e'( #)e. /, a+1 '3(h )3#$.#+2. SECTION 5.!1.!0" Measure&ent of Site .ccupancy %a& The 6ea'3 e6e+t ,/ '#te ,((3pa+(1 , $,t ,((3pa+(1 'ha$$ )e ta*e+ at the 2 ,3+. $e5e$ a+. 'ha$$ )e e9($3'#5e ,/ (,3 t'4

1a .'4 a+. $#2ht -e$$'. %)& C,3 t1a .' a+. $#2ht -e$$' 'ha$$ )e 6ea'3 e. ($ea ,/ a+1 p ,<e(t#,+' / ,6 the -a$$' e+($,'#+2 '3(h -e$$' , 1a .' -#th the e9(ept#,+ ,/ ,,/ $ea.e '4 -a$$ (,p#+2'4 '#$$'4 , 'tee$ /# e e'(ape'4 +,t e9(ee.#+2 1.0! 6ete ' %4 /eet& #+ -#.th. SECTION 5.!1.!:" Percentage of Site .ccupancy %a& The 6a9#636 '#te ,((3pa+(1 'ha$$ )e 2,5e +e. )1 the 3'e4 t1pe ,/ (,+'t 3(t#,+4 a+. he#2ht ,/ the )3#$.#+24 a+. the 3'e4 a ea4 +at3 e a+. $,(at#,+ ,/ the '#te4 '3)<e(t t, the p ,5#'#,+' ,/ $,(a$ =,+#+2 e83# e6e+t' a+. #+ a((, .a+(e -#th 3$e' a+. e23$at#,+' 'et /, th )1 the Se( eta 1. SECTION 5.!1.!4" Mini&u& Si!e of Courts and +heir 4east Di&ensions %a& The 6#+#636 '#=e ,/ (,3 t' a+. the# $ea't .#6e+'#,+' 'ha$$ )e .epe+.e+t 3p,+ the 3'e4 t1pe ,/ (,+'t 3(t#,+4 a+. he#2ht ,/ the )3#$.#+2 '3)<e(t t, the e83# e6e+t' 'et /, th )1 the Se( eta 1" Pro-ided4 That #+ +, (a'e 'ha$$ )e the 6#+#636 h, #=,+ta$ .#6e+'#,+ ,/ (,3 t' )e $e'' tha+ 0.!! 6ete ' %6 /eet4 > #+(he'&. %)& A$$ #++e (,3 t' 'ha$$ )e (,++e(te. t, a 't eet , 1a .4 e#the )1 a pa''a2e-a1 -#th a 6#+#636 -#.th ,/ 1.0! 6ete ' %4 /eet& , )1 a .,, th ,32h a ,,6 , ,,6'. SECTION 5.!1.!5" Ceiling Heights %a& Ha)#ta)$e ,,6'4 )ath ,,6'4 t,#$et ,,6'4 't, a2e ,,6'4 a+. 3t#$#t1 ,,6' 'ha$$ ha5e a (e#$#+2 he#2ht ,/ +,t $e'' tha+ 0.4! 6ete ' %@ /eet&4 6ea'3 e. / ,6 the /$,, t, the (e#$#+2" Pro-ided That /, )3#$.#+2' ,/ 6, e tha+ ,+e 't, 14 the 6#+#636 (e#$#+2 he#2ht ,/ the /# 't 't, 1 'ha$$ )e 0.>! 6ete ' %A /eet& a+. 0.4! 6ete ' %@ /eet& /, the 'e(,+. 't, 14 a+. '3((ee.#+2 't, #e'. Ga a2e' 'ha$$ ha5e a+ 3+,)'t 3(te. hea. ,,6 ($ea a+(e ,/ +,t $e'' tha+ 0.1! 6ete ' %> /eet& a),5e the /#+#'he. /$,, . SECTION 5.!1.!6" Mini&u& Si!e of "oo&s and +heir 4east Di&ensions

%a& The 6#+#636 '#=e' ,/ ,,6' a+. the# $ea't h, #=,+ta$ .#6e+'#,+' 'ha$$ )e a' /,$$,-'" 6"!! '83a e %65 '83a e /eet& -#th at $ea't +,6#+a$ .#6e+'#,+ ,/ 0.!! 6ete ' %6 /eet > #+(he'& /, ,,6' /, h36a+ ha)#tat#,+7 :.!! '83a e 6ete ' %:0 '83a e /eet& -#th a $ea't h, #=,+ta$ .#6e+'#,+ ,/ 1.5! 6ete ' %5 /eet& /, *#t(he+'7 a+. 1.0! '83a e 6ete ' %10 '83a e /eet& -#th a $ea't h, #=,+ta$ .#6e+'#,+ ,/ !.A! 6ete %: /eet& /, )ath ,,6'. SECTION 5.!1.!>" Mini&u& Air Space "e5uire&ents in Deter&ining the Si!e of "oo&s %a& The /,$$,-#+2 6#+#636 a# 'pa(e' 'ha$$ )e p ,5#.e." (1) 8or school rooms$ &1.. meters (1.* cu ic feet) with 11.. square meter (1.1+ square feet) of floor area per person1 (2) 8or wor"shops, factories, and offices$ 1.1.. cu ic meters (&)' cu ic feet) or air space per person at daytime and 1'1.. cu ic meters ('-' cu ic feet) of air space per person at night time1 (&) 8or ha ita le rooms$ 1'1.. cu ic meters ('-' cu ic feet) of air space per adult person and +1.. cu ic meters (2'+ cu ic feet) of air space per child under 1. years of age1 SECTION 5.!1.!@" (indo' .penings %a& E5e 1 ,,6 #+te+.e. /, a+1 3'e4 +,t ,the -#'e p ,5#.e. -#th a# -(,+.#t#,+#+2 , 6e(ha+#(a$ 5e+t#$at#,+ '1'te6 a' he e#+ p ,5#.e. #+ th#' C,.e4 'ha$$ )e p ,5#.e. -#th a -#+.,, -#+.,-' -h,'e t,ta$ a ea ,/ ,pe+#+2' 'ha$$ )e at $ea't 1?1!th the /$,, a ea ,/ the ,,64 a+. '3(h 'ha$$ ,pe+ .# e(t$1 t, a (,3 t4 1a .4 p3)$#( -a1 , a$$e14 , -ate (,3 'e. SECTION 5.!1.!A" Me!!anine 1loor %a& A Me==a+#+e /$,, #' a pa t#a$4 #+te 6e.#ate /$,, #+ a+1 't, 1 , ,,6 ,/ a )3#$.#+2 ha5#+2 a+ a ea +,t 6, e tha+ ,+eha$/ ,/ the a ea ,/ the ,,6 , 'pa(e #+ -h#(h #t #' (,+'t 3(te..

%)& A 6e==a+#+e /$,, 'ha$$ )e (,+'t 3(te. -#th a ($ea (e#$#+2 he#2ht ,/ +,t $e'' tha+ 1.A! 6ete ' %6 /eet4 4 #+(he'& a),5e a+. )e$,-. SECTION 5.!1.1!" 2ent Shafts %a& Si!e$ Ve+t 'ha/t' 'ha$$ ha5e a ( ,''-'e(t#,+a$ a ea ,/ +,t $e'' tha+ 1?1!th ,/ a '83a e 6ete /, e5e 1 6ete ,/ he#2ht ,/ 'ha/t' %1 '83a e /,,t pe 1! /eet& )3t +,t $e'' tha+ 1.!! '83a e 6ete %1!.> '83a e /eet& #+ a+1 (a'e. N, '3(h 'ha/t 'ha$$ )e $e'' tha+ 6! (e+t#6ete ' %0 /eet& #+ #t' $ea't .#6e+'#,+. %)& S)ylights$ U+$e'' ,pe+ t, the ,3te a# at the t,p /, #t' /3$$ a ea4 '3(h 'ha/t 'ha$$ )e (,5e e. )1 a '*1$#2ht ha5#+2 a +et a ea ,/ /#9e. $,35e ,pe+#+2' e83a$ t, the 6a9#636 e83# e. 'ha/t a ea. %(& Air Ducts$ A# .3(t' 'ha$$ )e (,++e(te. t, a 't eet , (,3 t )1 a h, #=,+ta$ .3(t , #+ta*e at a p,#+t )e$,- the $,-e't -#+.,- ,pe+#+2 ,+ '3(h 'ha/t. S3(h .3(t , #+ta*e 'ha$$ ha5e a 6#+#636 3+,)'t 3(te. ( ,''-'e(t#,+a$ a ea ,/ +,t $e'' tha+ !.:! '83a e 6ete %:.0 '83a e /eet& -#th a 6#+#636 .#6e+'#,+ ,/ :! (e+t#6ete ' %1 /,,t&. The ,pe+#+2 t, the .3(t , #+ta*e 'ha$$ +,t )e $e'' tha+ :! (e+t#6ete ' %1 /,,t& a),5e the ),tt,6 ,/ the 'ha/t a+. the 't eet '3 /a(e , )ath ,,6 ,/ (,3 t4 at the e'pe(t#5e e+.' ,/ the (,+.3(t , #+ta*e. SECTION 5.!1.11" 2entilating S)ylights %a& S)ylights$ S*1$#2ht' 'ha$$ ha5e a 2$a'' a ea +,t $e'' tha+ that e83# e. /, the -#+.,- the1 ep$a(e. The1 'ha$$ )e e83#ppe. -#th 6,5a)$e 'a'he' , $,35e ' ,/ a+ a22 e2ate +et a ea +,t $e'' tha+ that e83# e. /, ,pe+a)$e pa t' #+ the -#+.,- the1 ep$a(e , -#th app ,5e. 5e+t#$at#,+ ,/ e83a$ e//#(#e+(1. %)& 2entilation$ R,,6' (,+ta#+#+2 #+.3't #a$ heat#+2 e83#p6e+t 'ha$$ )e p ,5#.e. -#th a.e83ate a t#/#(#a$ 6ea+' ,/ 5e+t#$at#,+ t, p e5e+t e9(e''#5e a((363$at#,+ ,/ h,t , p,$$3te. a# . chan
robles virtual law library

SECTION 5.!1.10" A t#/#(#a$ Ve+t#$at#,+

%a& #eneral$ ;he+ a t#/#(#a$ 5e+t#$at#,+ #' e83# e.4 the e83#p6e+t 'ha$$ )e .e'#2+e. a+. (,+'t 3(te. t, 6eet the /,$$,-#+2 e83# e6e+t' #+ a# (ha+2e'" %1& Business and (or)roo&s %1.1& F, ,,6' -h,$$1 a),5e 2 a.e ,((3p#e. /, ,//#(e4 ($e #(a$ , a.6#+#'t at#5e p3 p,'e'4 , a' 't, e'4 'a$e'4 ,,6'4 e'ta3 a+t'4 6a *et'4 /a(t, #e'4 -, *'h,p'4 , 6a(h#+e 1 ,,6'4 +,t $e'' tha+ th ee (ha+2e' ,/ a# pe h,3 'ha$$ )e p ,5#.e.. %1.0& F, ,,6' -h,$$1 a),5e 2 a.e4 ,((3p#e. a' )a*e #e'4 h,te$ , e'ta3 a+t *#t(he+4 $a3+. #e' ,the tha+ a((e'', 1 t, .-e$$#+2'4 a+. ),#$e ,,6'4 ,/ +,t $e'' tha+ te+ (ha+2e' , a# pe h,3 'ha$$ )e p ,5#.e.. %0& "oo&s in Public and Institutional Buildings %0.1& F, a3.#t, #36' a+. ,the ,,6' 3'e. /, a''e6)$1 p3 p,'e'4 +,t $e'' tha+ !.@5 (3)#( 6ete %:! (3)#( /eet& ,/ a# pe 6#+3te 'ha$$ )e '3pp$#e. /, ea(h pe ',+ /, -h,6 'eat#+2 , ,the a((,66,.at#,+ #' p ,5#.e.. %0.0& F, -a .' a+. ., 6#t, #e' ,/ #+'t#t3t#,+a$ )3#$.#+2'4 +,t $e'' tha+ !.@5 (3)#( 6ete %:! (3)#( /eet& ,/ a# pe 6#+3te 'ha$$ )e '3pp$#e. /, ea(h pe ',+ a((,66,.ate..

Chapte 5.!0 - SANITATION

SECTION 5.!0.!1" #eneral %a& A$$ )3#$.#+2' he ea/te e e(te. /, h36a+ ha)#tat#,+ 'h,3$. )e p ,5#.e. -#th p$36)#+2 /a(#$#t#e' #+'ta$$e. #+ (,+/, 6#t1 -#th the Nat#,+a$ P$36)#+2 C,.e a.,pte. a+. p ,63$2ate. )1 the Nat#,+a$ Ma'te P$36)e ' A'',(#at#,+ ,/ the Ph#$#pp#+e' p3 '3a+t t, Rep3)$#( A(t 1:>@4 ,the -#'e *+,-+ a' the CP$36)#+2 La-C.

TITLE 6 - REGULATIONS FOR USE OF PUBLIC PROPERTF Chapte 6.!1 - BUILDING PROBECTION OVER PUBLIC STREETS
SECTION 6.!1.!1" #eneral

(a) @o part of any uilding structure or any of its appendages shall pro(ect eyond the property line of the uilding site, except as provided in this #ode1 ( ) %he pro(ection of any structure of appendage over a pu lic property shall e the distance measured horizontally from the property line to the outermost point of the pro(ection1 SECTION 6.!1.!0" Pro7ection into Alleys and Streets (a) @o part of any structure or its appendage shall pro(ect into any alley or street except as provided in this #ode1 ( ) @o pro(ection shall pu lic highway1 e allowed on any national roads or

(c) 8ooting located at least 21'. meters (, feet) elow grade may pro(ect not more than &. centimeters (12 inches) eyond the property line1 (d) 8oundation may e permitted to encroach into pu lic sidewal" areas to a width not exceeding ). centimeters (1 foot, , inches)$ 0rovided, %hat the top of the said foundations or footings does not reach eyond the level of a plane *. centimeters (2 feet) elow the esta lished grade; and Provided, further, %hat said pro(ection does not o struct any existing utility such as power, communication, gas, water, or sewer lines, unless the owner concerned shall pay the corresponding entities for the re!routing of the parts affected1 SECTION 6.!1.!:" Pro7ection of Balconies and Appendages .-er Streets (a) %he extent of any pro(ection over an affected alley or street shall e uniform within a loc" and shall conform to the limitations set forth in %a le *1.1!/$ 0ro(ection of alconies and /ppendages (/nnex 7)1 ( ) %he clearance etween the esta lished grade of the street or sidewal" and the undersurface of the alcony shall e not less than &1.. meters (1. feet)1

SECTION 6.!1.!4" Arcades (a) /rcades shall e constructed on sidewal"s when required y local ordinances1 %he with of the arcade and its height over affected sidewal"s shall e uniform within a loc"$ Provided, %hat, in no case, shall an arcade e less than &1.. meters (1. feet) a ove the esta lishment sidewal" grade of the esta lished street1 (a111) General. 8or the purpose of this 2ection, a marquee shall include y any o (ect or decoration attached thereto1 ( 121) Projection and Clearance. %he horizontal clearance etween the outmost edge of the marquee and the cur line shall e not less than &. centimeters (1 foot)1 %he vertical clearance etween the payment or grounds line and the undersurface of the marquee shall e not less than 21+. meters (- feet)1 (c1&1) Construction. / ?arquee shall e constructed of incom usti le material or materials of not less than one!hour fire!resistive construction1 <t shall provided with the necessary drainage facility1 (d1'1) Location Prohibited. >very marquee shall e so located as not to interfere with the operation of any exterior standpipe connection or to o struct the clear passage from stairways or exists from the uilding or the installation or maintenance of electroliers1 SECTION 6.!1.!6" Mo-able A'nings or Hoods %a& Definition$ A+ a-+#+2 #' a 6,5a)$e 'he$te '3pp, te. e+t# e$1 / ,6 the e9te #, -a$$ ,/ a )3#$.#+2 a+. ,/ a t1pe -h#(h (a+ )e et a(te.4 /,$.e.4 , (,$$ap'e. a2a#+'t the /a(e ,/ a '3pp, t#+2 )3#$.#+2. %)& Clearance$ The h, #=,+ta$ ($ea a+(e )et-ee+ the a-+#+2 a+. the (3 ) $#+e 'ha$$ )e +,t $e'' tha+ :! (e+t#6ete ' %1 /,,t&. The 5e t#(a$ ($ea a+(e )et-ee+ the 3+.e 6,'t '3 /a(e ,/ the a-+#+2 a+. the pa16e+t , 2 ,3+. $#+e 'ha$$ )e +,t $e'' tha+ 0.4! 6ete ' %@ /eet&. C,$$ap'#)$e a-+#+2' 'ha$$ )e ', .e'#2+e.

that the1 'ha$$ +,t )$,(* e83# e. -he+ (,$$ap'e.. SECTION 6.!1.!>" Doors %a& D,, ' e#the '3$$1 ,pe+e. , -he+ ,pe+#+24 'ha$$ +,t p ,<e(t' )e1,+. the p ,pe t1 $#+e. SECTION 6.!1.!@" Corner Buildings 'ith Chaflans %a& E5e 1 (, +e )3#$.#+2 ,+ a p3)$#( 't eet , a$$e1 $e'' tha+ :!.6! 6ete ' %10 /eet& #+ -#.th 'ha$$ )e 6a.e -#th a (ha/$a+ , t 3+(ate. a+2$e at the (, +e . The /a(e ,/ the t #a+2$e ', /, 6e. 'ha$$ )e at #2ht a+2$e' t, the )#'e(t, ,/ the a+2$e ,/ #+te 'e(t#,+ ,/ the 't eet $#+e'7 Pro-ided That4 #+ +, (a'e4 'ha$$ the $e+2th ,/ the (ha/$a+ )e $e'' tha+ 4.!! 6ete ' %1: /eet4 4 #+(he'&. I+ 'pe(#a$ (a'e'4 the B3#$.#+2 O//#(#a$ 'ha$$ .ete 6#+e the '#=e a+. /, 6 ,/ the (ha/$a+. %)& I/ the )3#$.#+2' #' a (a.e.4 +, (ha/$a+ #' e83# e. +,t-#th'ta+.#+2 the -#.th ,/ the p3)$#( 't eet , a$$e1' $e'' tha+ 10.!! 6ete ' %:A /eet4 4 #+(he'&.

Chapte 6.!0 - PROTECTION OR PEDESTRIANS DURING CONSTRUCTION OR DEMOLITION

SECTION 6.!0.!1" #eneral %a& N, pe ',+ 'ha$$ 3'e , ,((3p1 a 't eet4 a$$e14 , p3)$#( '#.e-a$* /, the pe /, 6a+(e , -, * 3+.e a )3#$.#+2 pe 6#t e9(ept #+ a((, .a+(e -#th the p ,5#'#,+' ,/ th#' Chapte . %)& N, pe ',+ 'ha$$ pe /, 6 a+1 -, * ,+ a+1 -, * ,+ a+1 )3#$.#+2 , 't 3(t3 e a.<a(e+t t, a p3)$#( -a1 #+ 2e+e a$ 3'e )1 the p3)$#( /, pe.e't #a+ t a5e$4 3+$e'' the pe.e't #a+' a e p ,te(te. a' 'pe(#/#e. #+ th#' Chapte . %(& A+1 6ate #a$ , 't 3(t3 e te6p, a #$1 ,((3p1#+2 p3)$#( p ,pe t14 #+($3.#+2 /e+(e'4 (a+,p#e'4 a+. -a$*-a1'4 'ha$$ )e a.e83ate$1 $#2hte. )et-ee+ '3+'et a+. '3+ #'e. SECTION 6.!0.!0" +e&porary Use of Streets and Alleys %a& The 3'e ,/ p3)$#( p ,pe t1 'ha$$ 6eet $e2a$ e83# e6e+t'

a+. '3)<e(t t, pe 6#t t, )e #''3e. ,//#(#a$$1 )1 the B3#$.#+2 O//#(#a$. SECTION 6.!0.!:" Storage on Public Property %a& Mate #a$' a+. e83#p6e+t +e(e''a 1 /, -, * t, )e .,+e 3+.e a pe 6#t 'ha$$ +,t )e p$a(e. , 't, e. ,+ p3)$#( p ,pe t1 ', a' t, ,)'t 3(t / ee a+. (,+5e+#e+t app ,a(h t, a+. 3'e ,/ a+1 /# e h1. a+t4 /# e , p,$#(e a$a 6 ),94 3t#$#t1 ),94 (at(h )a'#+4 , 6a+h,$e , ', a' +,t t, #+te /e e -#th a+1 . a#+a2e ,/ a+1 't eet , a$$e1 23tte . SECTION 6.!0.!4" Mi6ing Mortar on Public Property %a& The 6#9#+2 , ha+.$#+2 ,/ 6, ta 4 (,+( ete4 , '#6#$a 6ate #a$' ,+ p3)$#( 't eet 'ha$$ +,t )e a$$,-e. e9(ept -he+ the 'a6e a e t, )e 3'e. ,+ '3(h 't eet' , a+1 p, t#,+ the e,/ '3(h a' (3 )'4 23tte '4 6a+h,$e'4 '#.e-a$*'4 (3$5e t' a+. the $#*e. SECTION 6.!0.!5" Protection of Utilities %a& A$$ p3)$#( , p #5ate 3t#$#t#e' a),5e , )e$,- the 2 ,3+. 'ha$$ )e p ,te(te. / ,6 a+1 .a6a2e' )1 a+1 -, * )e#+2 .,+e 3+.e the pe 6#t. Th#' p ,te(t#,+ 'ha$$ )e 6a#+ta#+e. -h#$e '3(h -, * #' )e#+2 .,+e a+. 'ha$$ +,t ,)'t 3(t the +, 6a$ /3+(t#,+#+2 ,/ a+1 '3(h 3t#$#t1. SECTION 6.!0.!6" (al)'ay %a& A te6p, a 1 -a$*-a1 +,t $e'' tha+ 1.0! 6ete ' %4 /eet& -#.e 'ha$$ )e p ,5#.e. #+ $#e3 ,/ the '#.e-a$*4 , #+ (a'e the e #' +,+e4 #+ / ,+t ,/ the )3#$.#+2 '#te .3 #+2 (,+'t 3(t#,+ , .e6,$#t#,+ 3+$e'' the B3#$.#+2 O//#(#a$ a3th, #=e' the '#.e-a$* t, )e /e+(e. a+. ($,'e.. A.e83ate '#2+' a+. a#$#+2' 'ha$$ )e p ,5#.e. t, .# e(t pe.e't #a+ t a//#(. %)& The -a$*-a1 'ha$$ )e (apa)$e ,/ '3pp, t#+2 a 3+#/, 6 $#5e $,a. ,/ 6:: *#$,2 a6' pe '83a e 6ete %15! p,3+.' pe '83a e /,,t&. a .3 a)$e -ea #+2 '3 /a(e 'ha$$ )e p ,5#.e. th ,32h,3t the (,+'t 3(t#,+ pe #,.. SECTION 6.!0.!>" Pedestrian protection

%a& Protection "e5uired$ Pe.e't #a+ t a//#( 'ha$$ )e p ,te(te. )1 a a#$#+2 ,+ the 't eet '#.e -he+ the -a$*-a1 e9te+.' #+t, the ,a.-a14 )1 a a#$#+2 -he+ a.<a(e+t t, e9(a5at#,+'4 a+. )1 '3(h ,the app ,p #ate p, t#,+ '3(h a' 'et /, th #+ Ta)$e 6.!0A" T1pe ,/ P ,te(t#,+ Re83# e. /, Pe.e't #a+ %A++e9 B&. %)& "ailings$ Ra#$#+2' 'ha$$ )e )3#$t '3)'ta+t#a$$1 a+. 'h,3$. )e at $ea't 1.!! 6ete %: /eet4 : #+(he'& #+ he#2ht. %(& 1ence$ Fe+(e' 'ha$$ )e )3#$t ,/ a+ app ,5e. 6ate #a$4 +,t $e'' tha+ 0.4! 6ete ' %@ /eet& #+ he#2ht a),5e 2 a.e4 a+. t, )e p$a(e. ,+ the '#.e ,/ the -a$*-a1 +ea e't t, the )3#$.#+2 '#te. Fe+(e' 'ha$$ e+($,'e e+t# e$1 the )3#$.#+2 '#te. Ope+#+2' #+ '3(h /e+(e' 'ha$$ )e p ,5#.e. -#th .,, ' -h#(h 'ha$$ )e *ept ($,'e. at a$$ t#6e'. %.& Canopies$ The p ,te(t#5e (a+,p1 'ha$$ ha5e a ($ea he#2ht ,/ 0.4! 6ete ' %@ /eet& a),5e the -a$*-a14 a+. 'ha$$ )e (,+'t 3(te. 't 3(t3 a$$1 'a/e. E5e 1 (a+,p1 'ha$$ ha5e a ',$#. /e+(e )3#$t a$,+2 #t' e+t# e $e+2th ,+ the (,+'t 3(t#,+ '#.e. I/ 6ate #a$' a e 't, e. , -, * #' .,+e ,+ t,p ,/ the (a+,p14 the e.2e a$,+2 the 't eet 'ha$$ )e a.,pte. )1 a t#2ht (3 ) ),a . +,t $e'' tha+ :! (e+t#6ete ' %1 /,,t& h#2h a+. a a#$#+2 +,t $e'' tha+ 1.!! 6ete ' %: /eet4 : #+(he'& h#2h 'ha$$ )e p ,5#.e.. The e+t# e 't 3(t3 e 'ha$$ )e .e'#2+e. t, (a 1 the $,a.' #6p,'e. 3p,+ #t" P ,5#.e.4 That the $#5e $,a. 'ha$$ )e +,t $e'' tha+ 6:: *#$,2 a6' pe '83a e 6ete %15! p,3+.' pe '83a e /,,t&. SECTION 6.!0.!@" Maintenance and "e&o-al of Protection De-ices %a& Maintenance$ S3(h p ,te(t#,+ .e5#(e' 'ha$$ )e p ,pe $1 6a#+ta#+e. #+ p$a(e a+. *ept #+ 2,,. , .e /, the e+t# e $e+2th ,/ t#6e pe.e't #a+' 6a1 )e e+.a+2e e.. %)& "e&o-al$ E5e 1 p ,te(t#,+ /e+(e , (a+,p1 'ha$$ )e e6,5e. -#th#+ :! .a1' a/te '3(h p ,te(t#,+ #' +, $,+2e e83# e.. SECTION 6.!0.!A" De&olition %a& The -, * ,/ .e6,$#'h#+2 a+1 )3#$.#+2 'ha$$ +,t )e

(,66e+(e. 3+t#$ the e83# e. pe.e't #a+ p ,te(t#,+ 't 3(t3 e' a e #+ p$a(e. %)& The B3#$.#+2 O//#(#a$ e83# e the pe 6#tee t, '3)6#t p$a+' a+. (,6p$ete '(he.3$e /, .e6,$#t#,+. ;he e '3(h e83# e.4 +, -, * 'ha$$ )e .,+e 3+t#$ '3(h p$a+' a+.?, '(he.3$e a e app ,5e. )1 the B3#$.#+2 O//#(#a$.

TITLE > - ENGINEERING REGULATIONS Chapte >.!1 - GENERAL DESIGN REDUIREMENTS

SECTION >.!1.!1" Scope %a& The .e'#2+ a+. (,+'t 3(t#,+ ,/ a$$ )3#$.#+2' a+. 't 3(t3 e' 'ha$$ )e #+ (,6p$#a+(e -#th the p ,5#'#,+' ,/ the Nat#,+a$ St 3(t3 a$ C,.e /, B3#$.#+2'4 $ate't e.#t#,+4 a.,pte. a+. p ,63$2ate. )1 the B,a . ,/ e9a6#+e ' ,/ (#5#$ e+2#+ee ' p3 '3a+t t, Rep3)$#( A(t N36)e e. 5444 a' a6e+.e.4 ,the -#'e *+,-+ a' the CC#5#$ E+2#+ee #+2 La-C.

%<%A> , ! 5>%/<A>5 6>94A/%<;@2 #hapter ,1.1 ! 9>@>6/A 6>D4<6>?>@%2

SECTION @.!1.!1" #eneral %a& B3#$.#+2' p ,p,'e. /, (,+'t 3(t#,+ 'ha$$ (,6p$1 -#th a$$ the e23$at#,+' a+. 'pe(#/#(at#,+' he e#+ 'et /, th 2,5e +#+2 83a$#t14 (ha a(te #'t#(' a+. p ,pe t#e' ,/ 6ate #a$'4 6eth,.' ,/ .e'#2+ a+. (,+'t 3(t#,+4 t1pe ,/ ,((3pa+(14 a+. ($a''#/#(at#,+ ,/ (,+'t 3(t#,+. SECTION @.!1.!0" /6ca-ations 1oundations and "etaining (alls %a& #eneral$ S3)<e(t t, the p ,5#'#,+' ,/ A t#($e' 6@4 t, 6@6 ,/ the C#5#$ C,.e ,/ the Ph#$#pp#+e' ,+ $ate a$ a+. '3)<a(e+t '3pp, t4 the 83a$#t1 ,/ 6ate #a$' a+. .e'#2+ 3'e. 't 3(t3 a$$1 #+ e9(a5at#,+'4 /,,t#+2' a+. 'ha$$ (,+/, 6 t, the #+te +at#,+a$$1 e(,2+#=e. a+. a((epte. p #+(#p$e' ,/ e+2#+ee #+2.

%)& /6ca-ation or fills$ (1) >xcavation or fills for any uilding structure and excavations or fills accessory thereto shall e so constructed or protected that they do not endanger life and property1 (2) Whenever or wherever the depth of any excavation for a new construction is such that the lateral and su (acent support of the ad(oining property or existing structure thereon would e affected in a manner that the sta ility of safety of the same is in endanger, the person underta"ing or causing the excavation to e underta"ing or causing the excavation to e underta"en shall e responsi le for the expense of underpinning or extending the foundation or footings of the aforementioned property or structure only when such underpinning is necessary for the safety of the same during excavation1 (&) >xcavations and other similar distur ances made on pu lic property caused y pu lic utilities shall e repaired immediately and returned to its former condition within ', years from the start of such excavations and distur ances y the pu lic utility franchise owner and the duly constituted officials thereof1 /dequate signs and safeguards shall e installed around and near the excavation to protect the pu lic from any danger of falling into the excavation1 6epeated and flagrant violations of this 2ection shall e the asis of revocation of any pu lic utility franchise1 %his provision shall not exempt the franchise owner and the duly constituted officials thereof from any criminal or civil lia ilities arising from such excavations and distur ances to third persons1 %(& 1ootings and 1oundations and "etining (alls (1) 8ootings and foundations shall e of the appropriate type, of adequate size, and capacity in order to safely sustain the superimposed loads under seismic or any condition to external forces that may affect the safety or sta ility of the structure1 <t shall e the responsi ility of the architect and=or engineer to adopt the type and design of the same in accordance with generally accepted principles and standards of engineering1 (2) Whenever or wherever there exists in the site of the

construction on a rupt change in the ground levels or levels of the foundation such that insta ility of the soil could result, retaining walls shall e provided and such shall e of adequate design and type of construction in accordance with generally accepted standards and principles of engineering1 SECTION @.!1.!:" 2eneer %a& Definition$ Ve+ee #' a +,+'t 3(t3 a$ /a(#+2 ,/ ) #(*4 (,+( ete4 't,+e4 t#$e4 6eta$4 p$a't#(4 2$a''4 , ,the '#6#$a app ,5e. 6ate #a$' atta(he. t, a )a(*#+2 , 't 3(t3 a$ (,6p,+e+t' ,/ the )3#$.#+2 /, the p3 p,'e ,/ , +a6e+tat#,+4 p ,te(t#,+4 , e+($,'3 e that 6a1 )e a.he e.4 #+te2 ate.4 , a+(h, e. e#the ,+ the e9te #, , #+te #, ,/ the )3#$.#+2 , 't 3(t3 e. %)& Design "e5uire&ents$ The .e'#2+ ,/ a$$ 5e+ee 'ha$$ (,6p$1 -#th the /,$$,-#+2" %1& Ve+ee 'ha$$ '3pp, t +, $,a. ,the tha+ #t' ,-+ -e#2ht a+. the 5e t#(a$ .ea. $,a. ,/ 5e+ee a),5e.
( a$a-

%0& S3 /a(e' t, -h#(h 5e+ee #' atta(he. 'ha$$ )e .e'#2+e. t, '3pp, t the a..#t#,+a$ 5e t#(a$ a+. $ate a$ $,a.' #6p,'e. )1 the 5e+ee . %:& C,+'#.e at#,+ 'ha$$ )e 2#5e+ /, .#//e e+t#a$ 6,5e6e+t ,/ '3pp, t' #+($3.#+2 that (a3'e. )1 te6pe at3 e (ha+2e'4 'h#+*a2e4 ( eep4 a+. .e/$e(t#,+. %4& A.he e. 5e+ee a+. #t' )a(*#+2 'ha$$ )e .e'#2+e. t, ha5e a ),+. t, the '3pp, t#+2 e$e6e+t' '3//#(#e+t t, -#th'ta+. 'hea #+2 't e''e' .3e t, the# -e#2ht' #+($3.#+2 'e#'6#( e//e(t' ,+ the t,ta$ a''e6)$a2e. %5& A+(h, e. 5e+ee a+. #t' atta(h6e+t' 'ha$$ )e .e'#2+e. t, e'#'t e9te +a$ /, (e' e83a$ t, t-#(e the -e#2ht ,/ the 5e+ee . %6& A+(h, '4 '3pp, t'4 a+. 5e+ee ' 'ha$$ )e #+(,6)3't#)$e (, ,'#,+- e'#'ta+t. %(& Construction$ The pe ',+ 3+.e ta*#+2 a (a3'#+2 a (,+'t 3(t#,+ t, )e 3+.e ta*e+ 'ha$$ ,)'e 5e4 t, the 'at#'/a(t#,+ ,/ the B3#$.#+2 O//#(#a$4 #+te +at#,+a$$1 e(,2+#=e. a+. a((epte. p #+(#p$e' 2,5e +#+2 .#6e+'#,+' ,/ 3+#t'4

-e#2ht' ,/ 6ate #a$'4 6eth,.' ,/ (,+'t 3(t#,+4 atta(h6e+t , a+(h, a2e4 ),+.#+2 , a+(h, a2e4 ),+.#+2 , a.he'#,+4 't 3(t3 a$ a.e83a(1 a+. t1pe a+. #2#.#t1 ,/ )a(*#+24 a+. (,+'#.e at#,+' /, .#//e e+t#a$ 6,5e6e+t' ,/ '3pp, t' #+($3.#+2 that (a3'e. )1 te6pe at3 e (ha+2e'4 'h#+*a2e4 ( eep4 a+. .e/$e(t#,+. SECTION @.!1.!4" /nclosure of 2ertical .penings %a& #eneral$ Ve t#(a$ ,pe+#+2' )e e+($,'e. .epe+.#+2 3p,+ the /# e- e'#'t#5e e83# e6e+t' ,/ a pa t#(3$a t1pe ,/ (,+'t 3(t#,+ a' 'et /, th #+ th#' C,.e. %)& /le-ator /nclosures$ ;a$$' a+. pa t#t#,+' e+($,'#+2 e$e5at, ' a+. e'(a$at, ' 'ha$$ )e +,t $e'' tha+ the /# ee'#'t#5e (,+'t 3(t#,+ e83# e. 3+.e the T1pe' ,/ C,+'t 3(t#,+. E+($,'#+2 -a$$' ,/ e$e5at, ' 'ha/t' 6a1 (,+'#'t ,/ -# e 2$a'' 'et #+ 6eta$ / a6e' ,+ the e+t a+(e '#.e ,+$1. E$e5at, 'ha/t' e9te+.#+2 th ,32h 6, e tha+ t-, 't, #e' 'ha$$ )e e83#ppe. -#th a+ app ,5e. 6ea+' ,/ a.e83ate 5e+t#$at#,+ t, a+. th ,32h the 6a#+ ,,/ ,/ the )3#$.#+2" Pro-ided That #+ )3#$.#+2' h,3'#+2 G ,3p' G a+. F O((3pa+(#e' e83#ppe. -#th a3t,6at#( /# e-e9t#+23#'h#+2 '1'te6' th ,32h,3t4 e+($,'3 e' 'ha$$ +,t )e e83# e. t, e'(a$at, '" P ,5#.e.4 /3 the 4 That the t,p ,/ the e'(a$at, ,pe+#+2 at ea(h 't, 1 'ha$$ )e p ,5#.e. -#th a . a/t (3 ta#+. S3(h . a/t (3 ta#+ 'ha$$ e+($,'e the pe #6ete ,/ the 3+e+($,'e. ,pe+#+2 a+. 'ha$$ e9te+. / ,6 the (e#$#+2 .,-+-a . at $ea't :! (e+t#6ete ' %10 #+(he'& ,+ a$$ '#.e'. A3t,6at#( 'p #+*$e ' 'ha$$ )e p ,5#.e. a ,3+. the pe #6ete ,/ the ,pe+#+2 a+. -#th#+ 6! (e+t#6ete ' %0 /eet& ,/ the . a/t (3 ta#+. The .#'ta+(e )et-ee+ the 'p #+*$e ' 'ha$$ +,t e9(ee. 1.@! 6ete ' %6 /eet& (e+te -t,-(e+te . %(& .ther 2ertical .penings. A$$ 'ha/t'4 .3(t'4 (h3te'4 a+. ,the 5e t#(a$ ,pe+#+2' +,t (,5e e. #+ pa a2 aph %)&4 a),5e 'ha$$ ha5e e+($,'#+2 -a$$' (,+/, 6#+2 t, the e83# e6e+t' 'pe(#/#e. 3+.e the T1pe ,/ C,+'t 3(t#,+ ,/ the )3#$.#+2 #+ -h#(h the1 a e $,(ate.. I+ ,the tha+ G ,3p A O((3pa+(#e' 3))#'h a+. $#+e+ (h3te' 'ha$$ te 6#+ate #+ ,,6' 'epa ate. / ,6 the e6a#+.e ,/ the )#..#+2 )1 a O+e-H,3 F# e-Re'#'t#5e O((3pa+(1 Sepa at#,+. Ope+#+2' #+t, the (h3te' 'ha$$ +,t )e $,(ate. #+ e83# e. e9#t (, #., ' , 'ta# -a1'. chan robles virtual law library

%.& Air Ducts$ A# .3(t' pa''#+2 th ,32h a /$,, 'ha$$ )e e+($,'e. #+ a 'ha/t. The 'ha/t 'ha$$ )e a' e83# e. #+ th#' C,.e /, 5e t#(a$ ,pe+#+2'. Da6pe ' 'ha$$ )e #+'ta$$e. -he e .3(t' p#e (e the 'ha/t e+($,'3 e -a$$'. A# .3(t' #+ G ,3p A O((3pa+(#e' +ee. +,t )e e+($,'e. #+ a 'ha/t #/ (,+/, 6#+2 t, the 6e(ha+#(a$ p ,5#'#,+' ,/ th#' C,.e. SECTION @.!1.!5" 1loor Construction %a& F$,, (,+'t 3(t#,+ 'ha$$ )e ,/ 6ate #a$' a+. (,+'t 3(t#,+ a' 'pe(#/#e. 3+.e T#t$e 0 ,+ F# e. E,+e' a+. F# e-Re'#'t#5e Sta+.a .' a+. 3+.e T#t$e 4 ,+ T1pe' ,/ C,+'t 3(t#,+. %)& A$$ /$,, ' 'ha$$ )e ', / a6e. a+. t#e. #+t, the / a6e-, * a+. '3pp, t#+2 -a$$' a' t, /, 6 a+ #+te2 a$ pa t ,/ the -h,$e )3#$.#+2. %(& The t1pe' ,/ /$,, (,+'t 3(t#,+ 3'e. 'ha$$ p ,5#.e 6ea+' t, *eep the )ea6' a+. 2# .e ' / ,6 'p ea.#+2 )1 #+'ta$$#+2 e#the t#e' , ) #.2#+24 -#th +, $ate a$$1 3+'3pp, te. $e+2th ,/ <,#+t' )e#+2 pe 6#tte. t, e9(ee. 0.4! 6ete ' %@ /eet& e9(ept a' ,the -#'e 'pe(#/#e. #+ th#' C,.e. SECTION @.!1.!6" "oof Construction ad Co-ering %a& "oof Co-erings$ R,,/ (,5e #+2' /, a$$ )3#$.#+2' 'ha$$ )e e#the /# e- eta .a+t , , .#+a 1 .epe+.#+2 3p,+ the /# ee'#'t#5e e83# e6e+t' ,/ the pa t#(3$a T1pe ,/ C,+'t 3(t#,+. The 3'e ,/ (,6)3't#)$e ,,/ #+'3$at#,+ 'ha$$ )e pe 6#tte. #+ a$$ T1pe' ,/ C,+'t 3(t#,+ p ,5#.e. #t #' (,5e e. -#th app ,5e. ,,/ (,5e #+2 app$#e. .# e(t$1 the et,. %)& "oof +russes$ A$$ ,,/' 'ha$$ )e ', / a6e. a+. t#e. #+t, the / a6e-, * a+. '3pp, t#+2 -a$$' ', a' t, /, 6 a+ #+te2 a$ pa t ,/ the -h,$e )3#$.#+2. R,,/ t 3''e' 'ha$$ ha5e a$$ <,#+t' -e$$ /#tte. a+. 'ha$$ ha5e a$$ te+'#,+ 6e6)e ' -e$$ t#2hte+e. )e/, e a+1 $,a. #' p$a(e. ,+ the t 3''. D#a2,+a$ a+. '-a1 ) a(#+2 'ha$$ )e 3'e. t, ) a(e a$$ ,,/ t 3''e'. The a$$,-a)$e -, *#+2 't e''e' ,/ 6ate #a$' #+ t 3''e' 'ha$$ (,+/, 6 t, th#' C,.e. The 6#+#636 +et 'e(t#,+ ,/ the 6e6)e ' a/te / a6#+2 'ha$$ )e 3'e. #+ .ete 6#+#+2 the 't e+2th ,+ the t 3'' at a+1 p,#+t.

%(& Attics (1) Access. /n attic access opening shall e provided in the ceiling of the top floor of uildings with com usti le ceiling or roof construction1 %he opening shall e located in a corridor or hallway of uildings or three or more stories in height, and readily accessi le in uildings of any height1 %he opening e not less than )) centimeters y +) centimeters (22 inches y &. inches)1 2eventy!five centimeters (&. inches) minimum clear headroom shall e provided a ove the access opening1 /ttics with a maximum vertical clear height of less than +) centimeters (&. inches) need not e provided with access openings1 (2) Area Separations. >nclosed attics spaces formed of com usti le construction shall e divided into horizontal areas not exceeding 2&. square meters (2).. square feet) y partitions extending from the ceiling to the roof1 2uch partitions shall e not less than 1& millimeters (1=2 inch) thic" gypsum wall oard, or 21) centimeters (1 inch) nominal thic"ness tight!fitting wood, 1. millimeters (&=2, inch) thic" plywood or approved incom usti le materials adequately supported1 ;penings in the partitions shall e protected y self!closing doors constructed as required for the partitions$ >xcept, %hat where the entire attic is equipped with an approved automatic fire!extinguishing system, the attic space may e divided into areas not to exceed +.. square meters (+).. square feet)1 (&) Draft Stops. 6egardless of the %ype of #onstruction, draft stops shall e installed in trussed roofs, etween roof and ottom chord of trusses, in all uildings exceeding 1-.. square meters (2.,... square feet)1 5raft stops shall e constructed as for attic area separations, and in accordance with %ype of #onstruction1 (') Ventilation. >nclosed attics and enclosed rafter spaces formed where ceilings are applied direct to the underside of roof rafters, shall have cross ventilation for each separate space y ventilating and openings protected against the entrance of rain1 %he net free ventilating area shall e not less than 1=1).ths of the area of the space ventilated, except that the area nay e 1=&..ths this provided y ventilators located

in the upper portion of the space to e ventilated at least -. centimeters (& feet) a ove eave or cornice vents with the alance of the required ventilation provide y eave or cornice vents1 %.& "oof Drainage$ R,,/ '1'te6' +,t .e'#2+e. t, '3pp, t a((363$ate. -ate 'ha$$ )e '$,pe. /, . a#+a2e. (1) Roof Drains. 4nless roofs are sloped to drain over roof edges or are designed to support accumulated water, roof drains shall e installed at each low point of the roof1 6oof drains shall e adequate in size to convey the water tri utary to the roof drains1 (2) verflo! Drains and Scuppers. Where roof drains are required, overflow drains having the same size as the roof drains shall e installed with the inlet flow line located ) centimeters (2 inches) a ove the low point of the roof, or overflow scuppers having three times the size of the roof drains may e installed in ad(acent parapet walls with the inlet flow line ) centimeters (2 inches) a ove the low the point of the ad(acent roof and having minimum opening height of 1. centimeters (' inches)1 ;verflow drains shall e connected to drain lines independent from the roof drains1 (&) Concealed Pipin". 6oof drainage overflow drains, when concealed within the construction of the uilding, shall e installed1 (') ver Public Propert#. 6oof drainage water from a uilding shall not e permitted to flow over pu lic property, except for 9roups / and : ;ccupancies1 %e& 1lashing$ At the <3+(t3 e ,/ the ,,/ a+. 5e t#(a$ '3 /a(e4 /$a'h#+2 a+. (,3+te /$a'h#+2 'ha$$ )e p ,5#.e.. SECTION @.!1.!>" Stairs /6its and .ccupant 4oads %a& #eneral$ The (,+'t 3(t#,+ ,/ 'ta# '4 e9#t'4 a+. ,((3pa+t $,a.' 'ha$$ (,+/, 6 t, e83# e6e+t' /, ,((3pa+t' ,/ )3#$.#+2'4 e5#e-#+2 'ta+.'4 )$ea(he '4 a+. 2 a+.'ta+.'.

(1) Deter$ination of ccupant Loads. %he occupant load permitted in any uilding or portion thereof shall e determined y dividing the floor area assigned to that use y the square meters or square feet per occupant according generally accepted principles of engineering1 %he capacity of a uilding containing mixed occupancies shall e determined y adding the num er of occupants of the various parts of the uilding classified as to ;ccupancy and %ype of #onstruction1 (2) %&it Re'uire$ents. >xit requirements of a uilding or portion thereof used for different purposes shall e determined y the occupant load which gives the largest num er of persons1 @o o struction shall e placed the required width of an exit except pro(ections permitted y this code1 (&) Postin" of Roo$ Capacit#. /ny room having an occupant load of more than ). where fixed seats are not installed, and which is used for classroom, assem ly, or similar purpose, shall have the capacity of the room posted in a conspicuous place near the main exit from the room1 /pproved signs shall e maintained in a legi le manner y the owner or his authorized agent, and shall indicate the num er of occupants permitted for each room use1 (') Chan"es in %levation. >xcept in 9roup / ;ccupancies, changes in elevation of not less than &. centimeters (12 inches) along any exit serving a tri utary occupant load of 1. or more shall e y means of ramps1 %)& /6its "e5uired (1) (u$ber of %&its. >very uilding or usa le portion thereof shall have at least one exit1 <n all occupancies, floors a ove the first story having an occupant load of more than 1. shall have not less than two exits1 >ach mezzanine used for other than storage purposes, if greater in area than 1,) square meters (2... square feet), or if more than 1,1.. meters (*. feet) in any dimension shall have not less than two stairways to an ad(acent floor1 >very story or portion thereof, having an occupant load of ).. to --- shall have not less than three exits1 >very story or portions thereof, having an occupant load of 1... or more shall have not less than four exits1 %he num er of exits required from any story of a uilding shall e

determined y using the occupant loads of floors which exit through the level under consideration as follows$ ). per cent of the occupant load in the first ad(acent story a ove (and the first ad(acent story elow, when a story elow exits through the level under consideration) and 2) per cent of the occupant load in the story immediately eyond the first ad(acent story1 %he maximum num er of exits required for any story shall e maintained until egress is provided from the structure1 8or purposes of this 2ection, asements or cellars and occupied roofs shall e provided with exits as required for stories1 8loors a ove the second story, asements, and cellars used for other than service of the uilding shall have not less than two exits1 (2) )idth. %he total width of exists in meters shall e not less than the total occupant load served divided y 1*) (in feet, y ).)1 2uch width of exits shall e divided approximately equally among the separate exits1 %he total exit width required from any story of a uilding shall e determined y using the occupant load of that story, plus the percentage of the occupant loads of floors which exit through the level under considerations as follows$ ). per cent of the occupant load in the first ad(acent story a ove (and the first ad(acent story elow when a story elow exits through the level under consideration) and 2) per cent of the occupant load in the story immediately eyond the first ad(acent story1 %he maximum exit width required from any story of a uilding shall e maintained1 (&) Arran"e$ent of %&its. <f only two exits are required they shall e placed a distance apart equal to not less than one!fifth of the perimeter of the area served measured in a straight line etween exits1 Where three or more exits are required they shall e arranged a reasona le distance apart so that if one ecomes loc"ed others will e availa le1 (') Distance to %&its. @o point in an unsprin"led uilding shall e more than ')1.. meters (1). feet) from an exterior exit door, a horizontal exit, exit passageway, or an enclosed stairway, measured along the line of travel1 <n uilding equipped with a complete automatic fire!extinguishing system the distance from exits may e increased to *.1.. meters (2.. feet)1

%(& Doors$ The p ,5#'#,+' he e#+ 'ha$$ app$1 t, e5e 1 e9#t .,, 'e 5#+2 a+ a ea ha5#+2 a+ ,((3pa+t $,a. 6, e tha+ 1!4 , 'e 5#+2 ha=a .,3' ,,6' , a ea'. (1) S!in". >xit doors shall swing in the direction of exit travel when serving any hazardous areas or when serving an occupant load of ). or more1 5ou le acting doors shall not e used as a part of fire assem ly, nor equipped with panic hardware1 / dou le acting door shall e provided with a view panel of not less than 1&.. square centimeters (2.. square inches)1 (2) *#pe of Loc+ or Latch. >xit door shall e opena le from the inside without the use of a "ey or any special "nowledge or effort$ >xcept, %hat this requirement shall not apply to exterior exit doors in a 9roup > or 8 ;ccupancy if there is a conspicuous, readily visi le and dura le sign on or ad(acent to the door, stating that the door is to remain unloc"ed during usiness hours1 %he loc"ing device must e of a type that will e readily distinguisha le as loc"ed1 8lush olts or surface olts are prohi ited1 (&) )idth and ,ei"ht. >very required exit doorway shall e of a size as to permit the installation of a door not less than -. centimeters (& feet) in width and not less than 21.. meters (* feet, + inches) in height1 When installed in exit doorways, exits doors shall e capa le of opening at least -. degrees and shall e so mounted that the clear width of the exitway is not less than +. centimeters (2 feet, ' inches)1 <n computing the required exit width, the net dimension of the exitway shall e used1 (') Door Leaf )idth. @o leaf an exit door shall exceed 112. meters (' feet) in width1 ()) Special Doors1 6evolving, sliding, and overhead doors shall not e used as required exits1 (*) %"ress fro$ Door. >very required exit door shall give immediate access to an approved means of egress from the uilding1

(+) Chan"e in -loor Level at Doors. 6egardless of the occupant load, there shall e a floor or landing on each side of and exit door1 %he floor or landing shall e level with, or not more than ) centimeters (2 inches) lower than the threshold of the doorway$ >xcept, %hat in 9roups / and 7 ;ccupies, a door may open on the top step of a flight of stairs or an exterior landing providing the door does not swing over the top step or exterior landing and the landing is not more than 1- centimeters (+!1=2 inches) elow the floor level1 (,) Door .dentification. 9lass doors shall conform to the requirements specified in 2ection 1.1.)1.)1 ;ther exit doors shall e so mar"ed that they are readily distinguisha le from the ad(acent construction1 (-) Additional Doors. When additional doors are provided for egress purposes, they shall conform to all provisions in the following cases$ /pproved revolving door having leaves which will collapse under opposing pressures may e used in exit situations$ Provided, %hat such doors have a minimum width of 21.. meters (* feet, + inches); or they are not used in occupancies where exits are required to e equipped with panic hardware; or at least one conforming exit door is located ad(acent to each revolving door installed in a uilding, and the revolving door shall not e considered to provide any exit width1 %.& Corridors and /6terior /6it Balconies$ The p ,5#'#,+' he e#+ 'ha$$ app$1 t, e5e 1 (, #., a+. e9te #, e9#t )a$(,+1 'e 5#+2 a' e83# e. e9#t /, a+ ,((3pa+t $,a. ,/ 6, e tha+ 1!. (1) )idth1 >very corridor or exterior exit alcony shall less in which 1112 meters (& feet, , inches)1 e not

(2) Projections. %he required width of corridors and exterior exit alconies shall e uno structed$ >xcept, %hat trim, handrails, and doors when fully opened shall not reduce the required width y more than 1, centimeters (+ inches)1 5oors in any position shall not reduce the required width y more than one!half1 (&) Access to %&its1 When more than one exit is required, they shall e so arranged to allow going to either direction from any

point in the corridor or exterior exit except for dead ends permitted1

alcony to a separate exit,

(') Dead %nds. #orridors and exterior exit alconies with dead ends are permitted when the dead ends does not exceed *1.. meters (2. feet) in length1 ()) Construction1 Walls and ceilings of corridors shall e not less than one hour fire!resistive construction$ >xcept, %hat this requirement shall not apply to exterior exit alcony railings, corridors of a one!story uilding housing a 9roup > or 8 ;ccupancy occupied y one tenant only and which serves an occupant load of &. less, nor to corridors, formed y temporary partitions1 >xterior exit alconies cannot pro(ect into an area where protected openings are required1 (*) penin"s. Where corridor walls are required to e one!hour fire!resistive construction every interior door opening shall e protected as set forth in generally recognized and accepted requirements for dual purpose fire exit doors1 ;ther interior openings, except ventilation louvers equipped with approved automatic fire shutters shall e *1& millimeters (1=' inch) fixed wire glass set in steel frames1 %he total area of all openings other than doors, in any portion of an interior corridor wall shall not exceed 2) per cent of the area of the corridor wall of the room which it is separating from the corridor1 %(& Stair'ays$ E5e 1 'ta# -a1 'e 5#+2 a+1 )3#$.#+2 , p, t#,+ the e,/ 'ha$$ (,+/, 6 t, the /,$$,-#+2 e83# e6e+t' ,/ th#' C,.e e9(ept 'ta# ' , $a..e ' 3'e. ,+$1 t, atte+. e83#p6e+t. (1) )idth. 2tairways serving an occupant load of more than ). shall e not less in width than 1112 meters (& feet, , inches)1 2tairways serving an occupant load of ). less may e -. centimeters (& feet) wide1 0rivate stairways serving an occupant load less than 1. may e +) centimeters (2 feet, * inches) wide1 %rim and handrails shall not reduce the required width may more than - centimeters (&!1=2 inches)1 (2) Rise and Run. %he rise of every step in a stairway shall not exceed 1- centimeters (+!1=2 inches) and the run shall not e less than 2) centimeters (1. inches)1 >xcept as provided under paragraph (d) the maximum variations in the height of risers

and the width of treads in any one flight shall e ) millimeters (&!1=2 inch)$ >xcept, %hat in private stairways serving an occupant load of less than 1., the rise may e 2. centimeters (, inches) and run may e 2& centimeters (- inches)1 (&) )indin" Stair!a#1 <n 9roup / ;ccupancies and in private stairways in 9roup 7 ;ccupancies, winders may e used if the required width of run is provided at a point not more than &. centimeters (12 inches) from the side of the stairway where the treads are the narrower, ut in no case shall any width of run e less than 1) centimeters (* inches) at any point1 (') Circular Stair!a#s1 #ircular stairs may e used as an exit provided the minimum width of run is not less than 2) centimeters (1. inches)1 /ll treads in any one flight etween landing shall have identical dimensions within a )!millimeters (&=1*!inch) tolerance1 ()) Landin"s. >very landing shall have a dimension measured in the direction of travel equal to the width of the stairway1 2uch dimension need not exceed 112. meters (' feet) when the stair has a straight run1 Aandings, when provided shall not e reduced in width y more than -1& centimeters (&!1=2 inches) y a door when fully open1 (*) /ase$ent Stair!a#s1 Where a asement stairway and stairway to an upper story terminate in the same exit enclosure, an approved arrier shall e provided to prevent persons from continuing on into the asement1 5irectional exit signs shall e provided as specified in this #ode1 (+) Distance /et!een Landin"s. %here shall e not more than &1*) meters (12 feet) vertically etween landings1 (,) ,andrails. 2tairways shall have handrails on each side, and every stairway required to e more than &1.. meters (- feet) in width shall e provided with not less than one intermediate handrail for each &1.. meters (- feet of required width1 <ntermediate handrails shall e spaced approximately equal within the entire width of the stairway1 3andrails shall e placed not less than +) centimeters (2 feet, * inches) nor more than ,) centimeters (2 feet, 1. inches) a ove the nosing of threads, and ends of handrails shall e returned or shall

terminate in newel posts or safety terminals$ >xcept, in the following cases$ 2tairways 1112 meters (& feet, , inches or less in width and stairway serving one individual dwelling unit in 9roup / or 7 ;ccupancies may have one handrails, except that such stairway open on one or oth sides shall have handrails provided on the open side or sides; or stairways having less four than four risers need not have handrails1 (-) %&terior Stair!a# Protection. /ll openings in the exterior wall elow or within &1.. meters (1. feet), measured horizontally, of an exterior exit stairway serving a uilding over two stories in height shall e protected y a self!closing fire assem ly having a three!fourths!hour fire!resistive rating$ >xcept, %hat openings may e unprotected when two separated exterior stairways serve an exterior exit alcony1 (1.) Stair!a# Construction0.nterior. <nterior stairways shall e constructed as specified in this #ode1 Where there is enclosed usa le space shall e protected on the enclosed side as required for one!hour fire!resistive construction1 (11) Stair!a# Construction0%&terior. >xterior stairways shall e of incom usti le material$ >xcept, %hat on %ype <<< uildings which do not exceed two stories in height, and are located in less fire!resistive 8ire Eones, as well as on %ype < uildings, these may e of wood not less than ) centimeters (2 inches) in nominal thic"ness1 >xterior stairs shall e protected as required for exterior walls due to location on property as specified in this #ode1 >xterior stairways shall not pro(ect into an area where openings are required to e protected1 Where there is enclosed usa le space under stairs the walls and soffits of the enclosed space shall e protected on the enclosed side as required for one!hour fire!resistive construction1 (12) Stair!a# to Roof. <n every uilding more than two stories in height, one stairway shall extend to the roof surface, unless the roof has a slope greater than 1 in &1 (1&) ,eadroo$. >very required stairway shall have a headroom clearance of not less than21.. meters (* feet, , inches)1 2uch clearance shall e esta lished y measuring vertically from a plane parallel and tangent to the stairway tread nosing to the soft a ove all points1

%/& "a&ps$ A a6p (,+/, 6#+2 t, the e83# e6e+t' ,/ th#' C,.e 6a1 )e 3'e. a' a+ e9#t. The -#.th ,/ a6p' 'ha$$ )e a' e83# e. /, (, #., '. %2& Hori!ontal /6it. I/ (,+/, 6#+2 t, the p ,5#'#,+' ,/ th#' C,.e4 a h, #=,+ta$ e9#t 6a1 )e e83# e. e9#t. A$$ ,pe+#+2' #+ a 'epa at#,+ -a$$ 'ha$$ )e p ,te(te. )1 a /# e a''e6)$1 ha5#+2 a /# e- e'#'t#5e at#+2 ,/ +,t $e'' tha+ ,+e h,3 . A h, #=,+ta$ e9#t 'ha$$ $ea. #+t, a /$,, a ea ha5#+2 (apa(#t1 /, a+ ,((3pa+t $,a. +,t $e'' tha+ the ,((3pa+t $,a. 'e 5e. )1 '3(h e9#t. The (apa(#t1 'ha$$ )e .ete 6#+e. )1 a$$,-#+2 !.0@ '83a e 6ete %: '83a e /eet& ,/ +et ($ea /$,, a ea pe a6)3$at, 1 ,((3pa+t a+. 1.@6 '83a e 6ete ' %0! '83a e /eet& pe +,+-a6)3$at, 1 ,((3pa+t. The .#'pe 'a$ a ea #+t, -h#(h the h, #=,+ta$ e9#t $ea.' 'ha$$ )e p ,5#.e. -#th e9#t' a' e83# e. )1 th#' C,.e. %h& /6it /nclosures$ E5e 1 #+te #, 'ta# -a14 a6p4 , e'(a$at, 'ha$$ )e e+($,'e. a' 'pe(#/#e. #+ th#' C,.e" E9(ept4 That #+ ,the tha+ G ,3p D O((3pa+(#e'4 a+ e+($,'3 e -#$$ +,t )e e83# e. /, a 'ta# -a14 a6p4 , e'(a$at, 'e 5#+2 ,+$1 ,+e a.<a(e+t /$,, a+. (,++e(te. -#th (, #., ' , 'ta# -a1' 'e 5#+2 ,the /$,, '. Sta# ' #+ G ,3p A O((3pa+(#e' +ee. +,t )e e+($,'e.. (1) >nclosure walls shall e of not less than two!hour fire! resistive construction elsewhere1 %here shall e no openings into exit enclosures except exit doorways and openings in exterior walls1 /ll exit doors in an exit enclosure shall appropriately e protected1 (2) 2tairway and ramp enclosures shall include landings and parts of floors connecting stairway flights and shall also include a corridor on the ground floor leading from the stairway to the exterior of the uilding1 >nclosed corridors or passageways are not required from unenclosed stairways1 (&) / stairway in an exit enclosure shall not continue elow the grade level exit unless an approved arrier is provided at the ground floor level to prevent persons from accidentally continuing into the asement1 (') %here shall e no enclosed usa le space under stairways in

an exit enclosure, nor shall the open space under such stairways e used for any purpose1 %#& S&o)eproof /nclosures$ A '6,*e e+($,'3 e 'ha$$ (,+'#'t ,/ a (,+t#+3,3' 'ta# -a1 e+($,'e. / ,6 the h#2he't p,#+t t,p the $,-e't p,#+t )1 -a$$' ,/ t-,-h,3 /# e- e'#'t#5e (,+'t 3(t#,+. I+ )3#$.#+2' /#5e 't, #e' , 6, e #+ he#2ht4 ,+e ,/ the e83# e. e9#t' 'ha$$ )e '6,*ep ,,/ e+($,'3 e. (1) 2tairs in smo"eproof enclosures shall construction1 e of incom usti le

(2) %here shall e no openings in smo"eproof enclosure, except exit doorways and openings in exterior walls1 %here shall e no openings directly into the interior of the uilding1 /ccess shall e through a vesti ule with one wall at ). per cent open to the exterior and having an exit door from the interior of the uilding and an exit door leading to the smo"eproof enclosure1 <n lieu of a vesti ule, access may e y way of an open exterior alcony of incom usti le materials1 (&) %he opening from the uilding to the vesti ule or alcony shall e protected with a self!closing fire assem ly having one! hour fire!resistive rating1 %he opening from the vesti ule or alcony to the stair tower shall e protected a self!closing fire assem ly having a one!hour fire!resistive rating1 (') / smo"eproof of enclosure shall exit into a pu lic way or into an exit passageway leading to a pu lic way1 %he exit passageway shall e without other openings and shall have walls, floors, and ceilings of two!hour exit resistance1 ()) / stairway in a smo"eproof enclosure shall not continue elow the grade level exit unless an approved arrier is provided at the ground floor level to prevent persons from accidentally continuing into the asement1chan robles virtual law library %<& /6it .utlets Courts and Passage'ays. E5e 1 e9#t 'ha$$ .#'(ha 2e #+t, a p3)$#( -a14 e9#t (,3 t4 , e9#t pa''a2e-a1. E5e 1 e9#t (,3 t 'ha$$ .#'(ha 2e #+t, a p3)$#( -a1 , e9#t pa''a2e-a1. Pa''a2e-a1' 'ha$$ )e -#th,3t ,pe+#+2' ,the tha+ e83# e. e9#t' a+. 'ha$$ ha5e -a$$'4 /$,, '4 a+. (e#$#+2' ,/ the )3#$.#+2 )3t 'ha$$ )e +,t $e'' tha+ ,+e-h,3 /# e- e'#'t#5e

(,+'t 3(t#,+. (1) )idth. >very exit court and exit passageway shall e at least as wide as the required total width of the tri utary exits, such as required width eing ased on the occupant load served1 %he required width of exit courts or exit passageways shall e uno structed except as permitted in corridors1 /t any point where the width of an exit court is reduced from any cause, the reduction in width shall e affected gradually y a guardrail at least -. centimeters (& feet) in height1 %he guardrail shall ma"e an angle of not more than &. degrees with the exit court1 (2) Slope1 %he slope of exit courts shall not exceed 1 in 1.1 %he slope of exit passageways shall not exceed 1 in ,1 (&) (u$ber of %&its. >very exit court shall exits as required y this #ode1 e provided with

(') penin"s. /ll openings into an exit court less than &1.. meters (1. feet) wide shall e protected y fire assem lies having a three!fourths!hour fire resistive rating$ >xcept, %hat openings more than &1.. meters (1. feet) a ove the floor of the exit court may e unprotected1 %*& /6it Signs and Illu&ination$ E9#t' 'ha$$ )e #$$36#+ate. at a+1 t#6e the )3#$.#+2 #' ,((3p#e. -#th $#2ht ha5#+2 a+ #+te+'#t1 ,/ +,t $e'' tha+ ,+e-/,,t (a+.$e at /$,, $e5e$" E9(ept4 That /, G ,3p A O((3pa+(#e' the e9#t #$$36#+at#,+ 'ha$$ )e p ,5#.e. -#th 'epa ate (# (3#t' , 'epa ate. ',3 (e' ,/ p,-e %)3t +,t +e(e''a #$1 'epa ate / ,6 e9#t '#2+'& -he+ the'e a e e83# e. /, e9#t '#2+ #$$36#+at#,+. %$& Aisles$ E5e 1 p, t#,+ ,/ e5e 1 )3#$.#+2 #+ -h#(h a e #+'ta$$e. 'eat'4 ta)$e'4 6e (ha+.#'e4 e83#p6e+t4 , '#6#$a 6ate #a$' 'ha$$ )e p ,5#.e. -#th a#'$e' $ea.#+2 t, a+ e9#t. (1) )idth. >very aisle shall e not less than -. centimeters (& feet) wide if serving only one side, and not less than 11.+ meters (& feet, * inches) wide if serving oth sides1 2uch minimum width shall e measured at the point farthest from an exit, cross aisles, or foyer and shall e increased y ' centimeters (1 1=2 inches) for each 11). meters () feet) in

length toward the exit, cross aisle, or foyer1 With continental spacing, side aisle shall e not less than 1112 meters (& feet, , inches) in width1 (2) %&it Distance. <n area occupied y seats and in 9roup 3 and < ;ccupancies without seats, the line of travel to an exit door y an aisle shall not e not more than '*1.. meters (1). feet)1 With standard spacing, as specified in this #ode, aisles shall e so located that there will e not more than six intervening seats etween any seat and the nearest aisle1 With continental spacing, the num er of intervening seats may e increased to 2- where exit doors are provided along each aisle of the row of seats at the rate of one pair of exit doors for five rows of seats1 2uch exit doors shall provide a minimum clear width of 11+) meters () feet, * inches)1 (&) Cross Aisle. /isles shall terminate in a cross aisle, foyer, or exit1 %he width of the cross aisle shall e not less than the sum of the required width of the widest aisle plus ). per cent of the total required width of the remaining aisle leading thereto1 <n 9roups #, 3, and > ;ccupancies, aisles shall not e provided a dead end greater than *1.. meters (2. feet) in length1 (') Vo$itories. Comitories connecting the foyer or main exit with the cross aisles shall have a total width not less than the sum of the required width of the widest aisles leading thereto plus ). per cent of the total required width of the remaining aisles leading thereto1 ()) Slope. %he slope portion of aisles shall not exceed 1 in ,1 %6& Seats (1) Seat Spacin". With standard seating the spacing of rows of seats from ac"!to! ac" shall e not less than ,' centimeters (2 feet, - inches), nor shall less than *- centimeters (2 feet, & inches) plus the sum of the thic"ness of the ac" and inclination of the ac"1 /utomatic or self!rising seats shall e measured in the seat!up position, other seats shall e measured in the seat!down position1 With continental seating, the spacing of rows of unoccupied seats shall provide a clear width measured horizontally, as follows$ ') centimeters (1, inches) clear for rows of 1, seats or less; )1 centimeters (2.

inches) clear for rows of &) seats or less; )1 centimeters (21 inches) clear for rows of ') seats or less; and )* centimeters (22 inches) clear for rows of '* seats or more1 (2) )idth. %he width of any seat shall not less than ') centimeters (1 foot, * inches)1 %+& Special Ha!ards (1) /oiler Roo$s. >xcept in 9roup / ;ccupancies, every oiler room and every room containing an incinerator or A!0 9as or liquid fuel!fired equipment shall e provided with at least two means of egress, one of which may e a ladder1 /ll interior openings shall e protected as set y internationally recognized and accepted practice for dual purpose fire exit doors1 (2) Cellulose (itrate ,andlin". 8ilm la oratories, pro(ection rooms, and nitro!cellulose processing rooms shall have not less than two exits1 %,& "e-ie'ing Stands #randstands and Bleachers (1) ,ei"ht of Stands. 2tands employing com usti le framing shall e limited to 11 rows or 21+. meter (- feet) in height1 (2) Desi"n Re'uire$ents. %he minimum unit live load for reviewing stands, grandstands, and leachers shall e ',, "ilograms per square meter (1.. pounds per square foot) of horizontal pro(ection for the structure as a whole1 2eat and foot oards shall e 1+,1) "ilograms per linear meter (12. pounds per linear foot)1 %he sway force, applied to seats, shall e &)1+ "ilograms per linear meter (2' pounds per linear foot) parallel to the seats and 1'1, "ilograms per linear meter (1. pounds per linear foot) perpendicular to the seats1 2way forces need not e applied simultaneously with other lateral forces1 (&) Spacin" of Seats (&11) Ro! Spacin". %he minimum spacing of rows of seats measured from ac"!to! ac" shall e$ )) centimeters (22 inches) for seats without ac"rests in open air standards; +* centimeters (&. inches) for seats with ac"rests; and ,' centimeters (&& inches) for chair seating1 %here shall e a

space of not less than &. centimeters (12 inches) etween the ac" of each seat and front of the seat immediately ehind it1 (&12) Rise /et!een Ro!s1 %he maximum rise from one row of seats to the next shall not exceed '. centimeters (1* inches)1 (&1&) Seatin" Capacit#. 8or determining the seating capacity of a stand, the width of any seat shall e not less than ') centimeters (1, inches) nor more than ', centimeters (1inches)1 (&1') (u$ber of Seats /et!een Aisles. %he num er of seats etween any seats and an aisle shall not e greater than 1) for open air stands with seats without ac"rests; - for open air stands with seats having ac"rest in uildings, and * for seats with ac"rest in uilding1 (') Aisles ('11) Aisles Re'uired. /isles shall e provided in all stands$ >xcept, %hat aisles may e omitted when all the following conditions exists$ 2eats are without ac"rest; the rise from row to row does not exceed &. centimeters (12 inches) per row; the num er of rows does not exceed 11 in height; the top seating oard is not over &1.. meters (1. feet) a ove grade; and first seating oard is not more than ). centimeters (2. inches) a ove grade1 ('12) bstructions. @o o struction shall required width of any aisle or exitway1 e placed in the

('1&) Stairs Re'uired. When an aisle is elevated more than 2. centimeters (, inches) a ove grade, the aisle shall e provided with a stairway or ramp whose width is not less than the width of the aisles1 ('1') Dead %nd. @o vertical aisle shall have a dead and more than 1* rows in depth regardless of the num er of exits required1 ('1)) )idth. /isles shall have a minimum width of 11.+ meters (& feet, * inches)1

()) Stairs and Ra$ps. %he requirements in this #ode shall apply to all stairs and ramps except for portions that pass through the seating area1 ()11) Stair Rise and Run. %he maximum rise of treads shall not exceed 2. centimeters (, inches) and the minimum width of the run shall e 2, centimeters (11 inches)1 %he maximum variations in the width of treads in any one flight shall e not more than ) millimeters (&=1* inch) and the maximum variation in the height of two ad(acent rises shall not exceed ) millimeters (&=1* inch)1 ()12) Ra$p Slope. %he slope of ramp shall nonslip material1 e of approved

()1&) ,andrails. / ramp with a slope exceeding 1 in 1. shall have handrails1 2tairs for stands shall have handrails1 3andrails shall conform to the requirements of this #ode1 (*) Guardrails (*11) 9uardrails shall e required in all locations where the top of seat plan" is more than 112. meters (' feet) a ove the grade and at the front of stands elevated more than *. centimeters (2 feet) a ove grade1 Where only sections of stands are used, guardrails shall e provided as required in this #ode1 (*12) 6ailings shall e 11.+ meters (& feet, * inches) a ove the rear of a seat plan" or 11.+ meters (& feet * inches) a ove the rear of the steps in an aisle when the guardrail is parallel and ad(acent to the aisle$ >xcept, %hat the height may e reduced to -. centimeters (& feet) for guardrails located in front of the grandstand1 (*1&) / midrail shall e placed ad(acent to any seat to limit the open distance a ove the top of any part of a seat to &1.. meters (1. feet) where the seat is at the extreme end or at the extreme rear of the leachers of grandstand1 %he intervening space shall have one additional rail midway in the opening$ >xcept, %hat railings may e omitted when stands are placed directly against a wall or fence giving equivalent protection; stairs and ramps shall e provided with guardrails1 3andrails at

the front of stands and ad(acent to an aisle shall e designed at resist a load of +' "ilograms per linear meter (). pounds per linear foot) applied at the top rail1 ;ther handrails shall e designed at resist a load of - "ilograms (2. pounds)1 (+) -ootboards. 8oot oards shall e provided for all rows of seats a ove the third row, or eginning at such point where the seating plan" is more than *. centimeters (2 feet) a ove grade1 (,) %&its (,11) Distance to %&it. %he line of travel to an exit shall e not more than ')1.. meters (1). feet)1 8or stands with seats without ac"rests this distance may e measured y direct line from a seat to the exit from the stand1 (,12) Aisle 1sed as %&it. /n aisle may e considered as only one exit unless it is continuous at oth ends to a legal uilding exit or to a safe dispersal area1 (,1&) *!o %&its Re'uired. / stand with the first seating oard not more than ). centimeters (2. inches) a ove grade of floor may e considered to have two exits when the ottom of the stands is open at oth ends1 >very stand or section of a stand within a uilding shall have at least two means of egress when the stand accommodates more than ). persons1 >very open air stand having seats without ac"rest shall have at least two means of egress when the stand accommodates more than &.. persons1 (,1') *hree %&its Re'uired. %hree exits shall e required for stands within a uilding when there are more than &.. occupants within a stands, and for open air stands with seats without ac"rests where a stand or section of a stand accommodates more than 1... occupants1 (,1)) -our %&its Re'uired. 8our exits shall e required when a stand or section of stand accommodates more than 1... occupants1 >xcept, %hat for an open air stand with seats without ac"rest four exits need not e provided unless there are accommodations for more than &... occupants1

(,1*) )idth1 %he total width of exits in meters shall e not less than the total occupant load served divided y 1*) ( y ). in feet)$ >xcept, that for open air stands with seats without ac"rests the total width of exits in meters shall e not less than the total occupant load served divided y ).. (1). in feet) when exiting y stairs, and divided y *). ( y 2.. in feet) when exiting y ramps or horizontally1 When oth horizontal and stair exits are used, the total width of exits shall e determined y using oth figures as applica le1 @o exit shall e less than 11.+ meters ('2 inches) in width1 >xits shall e arranged a reasona le distance apart1 When ut two exits are provided, they shall e spaced not less than one!fifth of the perimeter apart1 (-) Securin" of Chairs. #hairs and enches used on raised stands shall e secured to the platform upon which they are placed$ >xcept, %hat when less than 2) chairs are used upon a single raised platform the fastening of seats to the platform may e omitted1 When more than ).. loose chairs are used in connection with athletic events, chairs shall e fastened together in groups of not less than three, and shall e tied or sta"ed to the ground1 (1.) Safe Dispersal Area. >ach safe dispersal area shall have at least two exits1 <f more than *... persons are to e accommodated within such an area, there shall e a minimum of three exits, and for more than -... persons there shall e a minimum of four exits1 %he aggregate clear width of exits from a safe dispersal area shall e determined on the asis of not less than one exit unit )* centimeters (22 inches) for each ).. persons to e accommodated and no exit shall e less than 1112 meters ('' inches) in width1 >xits shall e a reasona le distance apart ut shall e spaced not less than one!fifth of the perimeter of the area apart from each other1 SECTION @.!1.!@" S)ylights %a& A$$ '*1$#2ht' 'ha$$ )e (,+'t 3(te. -#th 6eta$ / a6e'4 e9(ept th,'e /, G ,3p' A a+. B O((3pa+(#e'. F a6e' ,/ '*1$#2ht' 'ha$$ )e .e'#2+e. t, (a 1 $,a.' e83# e. /, ,,/'. A$$ '*1$#2ht'4 the 2$a'' ,/ -h#(h #' 'et a+ a+2$e ,/ $e'' tha+ 45 .e2 ee' / ,6 the h, #=,+ta$4 #/ $,(ate. a),5e the /# 't 't, 14 'ha$$ )e at $ea't 1! (e+t#6ete ' %4 #+(he'& a),5e the ,,/'.

C3 )' ,+ -h#(h the '*1$#2ht e't' 'ha$$ )e (,+'t 3(te. ,/ #+(36)3't#)$e 6ate #a$' e9(ept /, T1pe I , II (,+'t 3(t#,+'. %)& Spa(#+2 )et-ee+ '3pp, t' #+ ,+e .# e(t#,+ /, /$at -# e. 2$a'' '*1$#2ht' 'ha$$ +,t e9(ee. >.6! 6ete ' %05 /eet&. C, 32ate. -# e. 2$a'' 6a1 ha5e '3pp, t' 1.5! 6ete ' %5 /eet& apa t #+ the .# e(t#,+ ,/ the (, 32at#,+. A$$ 2$a'' #+ '*1$#2ht' 'ha$$ )e -# e 2$a''" E9(ept4 That '*1$#2ht' ,5e 5e t#(a$ 'ha/t' e9te+.#+2 th ,32h t-, , 6, e 't, #e' 'ha$$ )e 2$a=e. -#th p$a#+ 2$a'' a' 'pe(#/#e. #+ th#' C,.e" Pro-ided That -# e 2$a'' 6a1 )e 3'e. #/ 5e+t#$at#,+ e83a$ t, +,t $e'' tha+ ,+e-e#2hth the ( ,''-'e(t#,+a$ a ea ,/ the 'ha/t )3t +e5e $e'' tha+ 1.0! 6ete ' %4 /eet& #' p ,5#.e. at the t,p ,/ '3(h 'ha/t. A+1 2$a'' +,t -# e 2$a'' 'ha$$ )e p ,te(te. a),5e a+. )e$,- -#th a '( ee+ (,+'t 3(te. ,/ -# e +,t '6a$$e tha+ 10 U.S. 2a32e -#th a 6e'h +,t $a 2e tha+ 0.5 (e+t#6ete ' %1 #+(h&. The '( ee+ 'ha$$ )e '3)'ta+t#a$$1 '3pp, te. )e$,- the 2$a''. %(& S*1$#2ht' #+'ta$$e. /, the 3'e ,/ ph,t,2 aphe ' 6a1 )e (,+'t 3(te. ,/ 6eta$ / a6e' a+. p$ate 2$a'' -#th,3t -# e +ett#+2. %.& O .#+a 1 2$a'' 6a1 )e 3'e. #+ the ,,/' a+. '*1$#2ht' /, 2 ee+h,3'e'4 p ,5#.e. the he#2ht ,/ the 2 ee+h,3'e at the #.2e .,e' +,t e9(ee. 6.!! 6ete ' %0! /eet& a),5e the 2 a.e. The 3'e ,/ -,,. #+ the / a6e' ,/ '*1$#2ht' -#$$ )e pe 6#tte. #+ 2 ee+h,3'e' ,3t'#.e ,/ h#2h$1 e't #(t#5e F# e E,+e' #/ the he#2ht ,/ the '*1$#2ht' .,e' +,t e9(ee.' 6.!! 6ete ' %0! /eet& a),5e the 2 a.e4 )3t #+ ,the (a'e' 6eta$ / a6e' a+. 6eta$ 'a'h )a ' 'ha$$ )e 3'e.. %e& G$a'' 3'e. /, the t a+'6#''#,+ ,/ $#2ht4 #/ p$a(e. #+ /$,, ' , '#.e-a$*'4 'ha$$ )e '3pp, te. )1 6eta$ , e#+/, (e. (,+( ete / a6e'4 a+. '3(h 2$a'' 'ha$$ )e +,t $e'' tha+ 10.> 6#$$#6ete ' %1?0 #+(h& #+ th#(*+e''. A+1 '3(h 2$a'' ,5e 1!: '83a e (e+t#6ete ' %16 '83a e #+(he'& #+ a ea 'ha$$ ha5e -# e 6e'h e6)e..e. #+ the 'a6e , 'ha$$ )e p ,5#.e. -#th a -# e '( ee+ 3+.e +eath a' 'pe(#/#e. /, '*1$#2ht' #+ th#' C,.e. A$$ p, t#,+' ,/ the /$,, $#2ht' , '#.e-a$* $#2ht' 'ha$$ )e ,/ the 'a6e 't e+2th a' e83# e. /, /$,, , '#.e-a$* $#2ht' 'ha$$ )e ,/ the 'a6e 't e+2th a' (,+'t 3(t#,+4 e9(ept #+ (a'e' -he e the /$,, #' '3 ,3+.e. )1 a a#$#+2 +,t $e'' tha+ 1.!> 6ete ' %: /eet4 6 #+(he'& #+ he#2ht4 #+ -h#(h (a'e the (,+'t 3(t#,+ 'ha$$

)e (a$(3$ate. /, +,t $e'' tha+ ,,/ $,a.'. SECTION @.!1.!A" Bays Porches Balconies %a& ;a$$' a+. /$,, ' #+ )a1 a+. , #e$ -#+.,-' 'ha$$ (,+/, 6 t, the (,+'t 3(t#,+ a$$,-e. /, e9te #, -a$$' a+. /$,, ' ,/ the t1pe ,/ (,+'t 3(t#,+ ,/ the )3#$.#+2 t, -h#(h the1 a e atta(he.. The ,,/ (,5e #+2 ,/ a )a1 , , #e$ -#+.,- 'ha$$ (,+/, 6 t, the e83# e6e+t' ,/ the ,,/#+2 ,/ the 6a#+ ,,/. E9te #, )a$(,+#e' atta(he. t, , '3pp, te. )1 -a$$' e83# e. t, )e ,/ 6a',+ 14 'ha$$ ha5e ) a(*et' , )ea6' (,+'t 3(te. ,/ #+(,6)3't#)$e 6ate #a$'. Ra#$#+2' 'ha$$ )e p ,5#.e. /, )a$(,+#e'4 $a+.#+2'4 , p, (he'4 -h#(h a e 6, e tha+ >5 (e+t#6ete ' %0 /eet4 6 #+(he'& a),5e 2 a.e. SECTION @.!1.1!" Penthouses and "oof Structures %a& Height$ N, pe+th,3'e , ,the p ,<e(t#,+ a),5e the ,,/ -he+ 3'e. a' a+ e+($,'3 e /, ta+*' , e$e5at, ' -h#(h 3+ t, the ,,/ a+. #+ a$$ ,the (a'e' 'ha$$ )e +,t e9te+. 6, e tha+ :.6! 6ete ' %10 /eet&#+ he#2ht a),5e the ,,/. %)& Area$ The a22 e2ate a ea ,/ a$$ pe+th,3'e' a+. ,the ,,/ 't 3(t3 e' 'ha$$ +,t e9(ee. ::-1?: pe (e+t ,/ the a ea ,/ the '3pp, t#+2 ,,/. %(& Prohibited Uses$ N, pe+th,3'e4 )3$*hea.4 , a+1 ,the '#6#$a p ,<e(t#,+ a),5e the ,,/ 'ha$$ )e 3'e. /, p3 p,'e' ,the tha+ 'he$te ,/ 6e(ha+#(a$ e83#p6e+t , 'he$te ,/ 5e t#(a$ 'ha/t ,pe+#+2' #+ the ,,/. A pe+th,3'e , )3$*hea. 3'e. /, p3 p,'e' ,the tha+ that a$$,-e. )1 th#' Se(t#,+ 'ha$$ (,+/, 6 t, the e83# e6e+t' ,/ th#' C,.e /, a+ a..#t#,+a$ 't, 1. %.& Construction$ R,,/ 't 3(t3 e' (,+'t 3(te. -#th -a$$'4 /$,, '4 a+. ,,/ a' e83# e. /, the 6a#+ p, t#,+ ,/ the )3#$.#+2 e9(ept #+ the /,$$,-#+2 (a'e'" (1) ;n %ypes << and <<< uildings the exterior walls and roofs of penthouses which are 11). meters () feet) pr more from an ad(acent property line may e of one!hour fire!resistive incom usti le construction1

(2) Walls not less than 11). meters () feet) from an exterior wall of a %ype <C uilding may e of one!hour fire!resistive incom usti le construction1 The a),5e e't #(t#,+ 'ha$$ +,t p ,h#)#t the p$a(#+2 ,/ -,,. /$a2p,$e' , '#6#$a 't 3(t3 e' ,+ the ,,/ ,/ a+1 )3#$.#+2. %e& +o'ers and Spires$ T,-e ' , 'p# e' -he+ ($,'e. 'ha$$ ha5e e9te #, -a$$' a' e83# e. /, the )3#$.#+2 t, -h#(h the1 a e atta(he.. T,-e ' +,t e+($,'e. a+. -h#(h e9te+. 6, e tha+ 0:.!! 6ete ' %>5 /eet& a),5e 2 a.e 'ha$$ ha5e the# / a6e-, * (,+'t 3(t#,+ ,/ # ,+4 'tee$4 , e#+/, (e. (,+( ete. N, t,-e , 'p# e 'ha$$ ,((3p1 6, e tha+ ,+e-/,3 th ,/ the 't eet / ,+ta2e ,/ a+1 )3#$.#+2 t, -h#(h #' atta(he. a+. #+ +, (a'e 'ha$$ the )a'e a ea e9(ee. 15! '83a e 6ete ' %16!! '83a e /eet& 3+$e'' #t (,+/, 6' e+t# e$1 t, the t1pe ,/ (,+'t 3(t#,+ e83# e6e+t' ,/ the )3#$.#+2 t, -h#(h #t #' atta(he. a+. #' $#6#te. #+ he#2ht a' a 6a#+ pa t ,/ the )3#$.#+2. I/ the a ea ,/ the t,-e , 'p# e e9(ee.' 1!.!! '83a e 6ete ' %1!> '83a e /eet& at a+1 h, #=,+ta$ ( ,'' 'e(t#,+4 #t' '3pp, t#+2 / a6e 'ha$$ e9te+. .# e(t$1 t, the 2 ,3+.. The ,,/ (,5e #+2 ,/ the 'p# e' 'ha$$ )e a' e83# e. /, the 6a#+ ,,/ ,/ the ,,/ ,/ the e't ,/ the 't 3(t3 e. S*e$et,+ t,-e ' 3'e. a' a.#, 6a't'4 +e,+ '#2+'4 , a.5e t#'e6e+t / a6e' a+. p$a(e. ,+ the ,,/ ,/ a+1 )3#$.#+2 'ha$$ )e (,+'t 3(te. e+t# e$1 ,/ #+(,6)3't#)$e 6ate #a$' -he+ 6, e tha+ >.6! 6ete ' %05 /eet& #+ he#2ht a+. 'ha$$ )e .# e(t$1 '3pp, te. ,+ a+ #+(,6)3't#)$e / a6e-, * t, the 2 ,3+.. N, '3(h '*e$et,+ t,-e ' 'ha$$ )e '3pp, te. ,+ ,,/' ,/ (,6)3't#)$e / a6#+2'. The1 'ha$$ )e .e'#2+ t, -#th'ta+. a -#+. $,a. / ,6 a+1 .# e(t#,+ #+ a..#t#,+ t, a+1 ,the $,a.'. SECTION @.!1.11" Chi&neys 1ireplaces and Barbecues %a& Chi&neys %1& Structural Design$ Ch#6+e1' 'ha$$ )e .e'#2+e.4 a+(h, e.4 '3pp, te.4 e#+/, (e.4 (,+'t 3(te.4 a+. #+'ta$$e. #+ a((, .a+(e -#th 2e+e a$$1 a((epte. p #+(#p$e' ,/ e+2#+ee #+2. E5e 1 (h#6+e1 'ha$$ )e (apa)$e ,/ p ,.3(#+2 a . a/t at the app$#a+(e +,t $e'' tha+ the e83# e. /, the 'a/e ,pe at#,+ ,/ the app$#a+(e (,++e(te. the et,. N, (h#6+e1 'ha$$ '3pp, t a+1 't 3(t3 a$ $,a. tha+ #t' ,-+ -e#2ht 3+$e'' #t #' .e'#2+e. t, a(t a' a '3pp, t#+2 6e6)e . Ch#6+e1' #+ a+ -,,.-/ a6e. )3#$.#+2

'ha$$ )e a+(h, e. $ate a$$1 at the (e#$#+2 a+. ea(h /$,, $#+e -h#(h #' 6, e tha+ 1.@! 6ete ' %6 /eet& a),5e 2 a.e4 e9(ept -he+ e+t# e$1 -#th#+ the / a6e-, * ,+ -he+ .e'#2+e. t, )e / ee 'ta+.#+2. %0& (alls$ E5e 1 6a',+ 1 (h#6+e1' 'ha$$ ha5e -a$$' ,/ 6a',+ 1 3+#t'4 ) #(*'4 't,+e'4 $#'te. 6a',+ 1 3+#t'4 e#+/, (e. (,+( ete , e83#5a$e+t ',$#. th#(*+e'' ,/ h,$$,- 6a',+ 1 a+. $#+e. -#th '3#ta)$e $#+e ' #+ a((, .a+(e -#th the /,$$,-#+2 e83# e6e+t'" %0.1& Masonry Chi&neys for "esidential%type Appliances$ Ma',+ 1 (h#6+e1' 'ha$$ )e (,+'t 3(te. ,/ 6a',+ 1 3+#t' , e#+/, (e. (,+( ete -#th -a$$' +,t $e'' tha+ 1! (e+t#6ete ' %4 #+(he'& th#(* , 3))$e 't,+e 6a',+ 1 +,t $e'' tha+ :! (e+t#6ete ' %10 #+(he'& th#(*. The (h#6+e1 $#+ea 'ha$$ )e #+ a((, .a+(e -#th th#' C,.e.
( a$a-

%0.0& Masonry Chi&neys for 4o'%heat%Appliances$ Ma',+ 1 (h#6+e1' 'ha$$ )e (,+'t 3(te. ,/ 6a',+ 1 3+#t' , e#+/, (e. (,+( ete -#th -a$$' +,t $e'' tha+ 0! (e+t#6ete ' %@ #+(he'& th#(* e9(ept that 3))$e' 't,+e 6a',+ 1 'ha$$ )e +,t $e'' tha+ :! (e+t#6ete ' %10 #+(he'& th#(*. The (h#6+e1' $#+ea 'ha$$ )e #+ a((, .a+(e -#th th#' C,.e. %0.:& Masonry Chi&neys for Mediu&%heat%Appliances$ Ma',+ 1 (h#6+e1' /, 6e.#36-heat app$#a+(e' 'ha$$ )e (,+'t 3(te. ,/ ',$#. 6a',+ 1 3+#t' ,/ e#+/, (e. (,+( ete +,t $e'' tha+ 0! (e+t#6ete ' %@ #+(he'& th#(*4 e9(ept that 't,+e 6a',+ 1 'ha$$ )e +,t at $e'' tha+ :! (e+t#6ete ' %10 #+(he'& th#(* a+.4 #+ a..#t#,+ 'ha$$ )e $#+e. -#th +,t $e'' tha+ 1! (e+t#6ete ' %4 #+(he'& ,/ /# e) #(* $a#. #+ a ',$#. )e. ,/ /# e ($a1 6, ta -#th ',$#.#t1 /#$$e. hea.4 )e.4 a+. -a$$ <,#+t'4 'ta t#+2 +,t $e'' tha+ 6! (e+t#6ete ' %0 /eet& )e$,- the (h#6+e1 (,++e(t, e+t a+(e a+. e9te+.#+2 /, a .#'ta+(e ,/ at $ea't >.6! 6ete ' %05 /eet& a),5e the (h#6+e1 (,++e(t, e+t a+(e. Ch#6+e1' e9te+.#+2 >.6! 6ete ' %05 /eet& , $e'' a),5e the (h#6+e1 (,++e(t, 'ha$$ )e $#+e. t, the t,p. %0.4& Masonry Chi&neys for High%heat Appliances$ Ma',+ 1 (h#6+e1' /, h#2h-heat app$#a+(e' 'ha$$ )e (,+'t 3(te. -#th .,3)$e -a$$' ,/ ',$. 6a',+ 1 3+#t' ,/ e#+/, (e. (,+( ete +,t $e'' tha+ 0! (e+t#6ete ' %@ #+(he'& #+ th#(*+e''4 -#th a+ a# 'pa(e ,/ +,t $e'' tha+ 5 (e+t#6ete ' %0 #+(he'& )et-ee+ -a$$'. The #+'#.e ,/ the #+te #, -a$$' 'ha$$ )e ,/ /# e) #(* +,t $e''

tha+ 1! (e+t#6ete ' %4 #+(he'& #+ th#(*+e'' $a#. #+ a ',$#. )#. ,/ /# e ($a1 6, ta -#th ',$#.$1 /#$$e. hea.4 )e. a+. -a$$ <,#+t'. %0.5& Masonry Chi&neys for Incinerators Installed in Multi% Story Buildings 8Apart&ent%type Incinerators9$ Ch#6+e1' /, #+(#+e at, ' #+'ta$$e. #+ 63$t#-'t, 1 )3#$.#+2' 3'#+2 the (h#6+e1 pa''a2e-a1 a' a e/3'e (h3te -he e the h, #=,+ta$ 2 ate a ea ,/ (,6)3't#,+ (ha6)e .,e' +,t e9(ee. !.@4 '83a e 6ete %A '83a e /eet& 'ha$$ ha5e -a$$' ,/ ',$#. 6a',+ 1 , e#+/, (e. (,+( ete4 +,t $e'' tha+ 1! (e+t#6ete ' %4 #+(he'& th#(* -#th a (h#6+e1' $#+#+2 a' 'pe(#/#e. #+ th#' C,.e. I/ the 2 ate a ea ,/ '3(h a+ #+(#+e at, e9(ee.' !.@4 '83a e 6ete %A '83a e /eet&4 -a$$' 'ha$$ )e +,t $e'' tha+ 1! (e+t#6ete ' %4 #+(he'& ,/ /# e) #(* e9(ept that h#2he tha+ A.!! 6ete ' %:! /eet& a),5e the ,,/ ,/ the (,6)3't#,+ (ha6)e 4 (,66,+ ) #(* a$,+e4 0! (e+t#6ete ' %@ #+(he'& #+ th#(*+e''4 6a1 )e 3'e.. %0.6& Masonry Chi&neys for Co&&ercial and Industrial%type Incinerators$Ma',+ 1 (h#6+e1' /, (,66e (#a$ a+. #+.3't #a$t1pe #+(#+e at, ' ,/ a '#=e .e'#2+e. /, +,t 6, e tha+ 115 *#$,2 a6' %05! p,3+.'& , e/3'e pe h,3 a+. ha5#+2 a h, #=,+ta$ 2 ate a ea +,t e9(ee.#+2 !.@4 6ete %A '83a e /eet& 'ha$$ ha5e -a$$' ,/ ',$#. 6a',+ 1 , e#+/, (e. (,+( ete +,t $e'' tha+ 1! (e+t#6ete ' %4 #+(he'& th#(* -#th $#+#+2 'ha$$ e9te+. /, +,t $e'' tha+ 1! (e+t#6ete ' %4 #+(he'& /, /# e) #(*4 -h#(h $#+#+2 'ha$$ e9te+. /, +,t $e'' tha+ 10.!! 6ete ' %4! /eet& a),5e the ,,/ ,/ the (,6)3't#,+ (ha6)e . I/ the .e'#2+ (apa(#t1 , 2 ate a ea ,/ '3(h a+ #+(#+e at, e9(ee. 115 *#$,2 a6' %05! p,3+.'& pe h,3 a+. !.@4 '83a e 6ete %A '83a e /eet& e'pe(t#5e$14 -a$$' 'ha$$ )e +,t $e'' tha+ 0! (e+t#6ete ' %@ #+(he'& th#(*4 $#+e. -#th +,t $e'' tha+ 1! (e+t#6ete ' %4 #+(he'& ,/ /# e) #(* e9te+.#+2 the /3$$ he#2ht ,/ the (h#6+e1. %:& 4inings$ F# e ($a1 (h#6+e1 $#+#+2 'ha$$ )e +,t $e'' tha+ 16 6#$$#6ete ' %5?@ #+(h& th#(*. The $#+#+2 'ha$$ e9te+. / ,6 0! (e+t#6ete ' %@ #+(he'& )e$,- the $,-e't #+$et , 4 #+ the (a'e ,/ /# ep$a(e'4 / ,6 the th ,at ,/ the /# ep$a(e t, a p,#+t a),5e e+($,'#+2 6a',+ 1 -a$$'. F# e ($a1 (h#6+e1 $#+#+2' 'ha$$ )e #+'ta$$e. ahea. ,/ the (,+'t 3(t#,+ ,/ the (h#6+e1 a' #t #' (a #e. 3p4 (a e/3$$1 )e..e. ,+e ,+ the ,the #+ /# e ($a1 6, ta 4 -#th ($,'e-/#tt#+2 <,#+t' $e/t ', '6,,th ,+ the #+'#.e. F# e) #(* +,t $e'' tha+ 5 (e+t#6ete ' %0 #+(he'& th#(* 6a1 )e 3'e. #+ p$a(e ,/ /# e ($a1 (h#6+e1.

%4& Area$ N, (h#6+e1 pa''a2e-a1 'ha$$ )e '6a$$e #+ a ea tha+ the 5e+t (,++e(t#,+ ,+ the app$#a+(e atta(he. the et,. %5& Height$ E5e 1 6a',+ 1 (h#6+e1 'ha$$ e9te+. at $ea't 6! (e+t#6ete ' %0 /eet& a),5e the pa t ,/ the ,,/ th ,32h -h#(h #t pa''e' a+. at $ea't 6! (e+t#6ete ' %0 /eet& a),5e the h#2he't e$e5at#,+ ,/ a+1 pa t ,/ a )3#$.#+2 -#th#+ :.!! 6ete ' %1! /eet& t, the (h#6+e1. %6& Corbeling$ N, 6a',+ 1 (h#6+e1 'ha$$ )e (, )e$ / ,6 a -a$$ 6, e tha+ 15 (e+t#6ete ' %6 #+(he'& +, 'ha$$ a 6a',+ 1 (h#6+e1 )e (, )e$e. / ,6 a -a$$ -h#(h #' $e'' tha+ :! (e+t#6ete ' %10 #+(he'& #+ th#(*+e'' 3+$e'' #t p ,<e(t' e83a$$1 ,+ ea(h '#.e ,/ the -a$$. I+ the 'e(,+. 't, 1 ,/ a t-,-'t, 1 )3#$.#+2 ,/ G ,3p A O((3pa+(14 (, )e$#+2 ,/ 6a',+ 1 (h#6+e1' ,+ the e9te #, ,/ the e+($,'#+2 -a$$' 6a1 e83a$ the -a$$ th#(*+e''. I+ e5e 1 (a'e the (, )e$#+2 'ha$$ +,t e9(ee. 0.5(e+t#6ete %1 #+(h& p ,<e(t#,+ /, ea(h (,3 'e ,/ ) #(*. %>& Change in Si!e or Shape. N, (ha+2e #+ the '#=e , 'hape ,/ a 6a',+ 1 (h#6+e1 -he e the (h#6+e1 pa''e' th ,32h the ,,/ 'ha$$ )e 6a.e -#th#+ a .#'ta+(e ,/ 15 (e+t#6ete ' %6 #+(he'& a),5e , )e$,- the ,,/ <,#'t' , a/te '. %@& Separation$ ;he+ 6, e tha+ ,+e pa''a2e-a1 #' (,+ta#+e. #+ the 'a6e (h#6+e14 6a',+ 1 'epa at#,+ at $ea't 1! (e+t#6ete ' %4 #+(he'& th#(* ),+.e. #+t, the 6a',+ 1 -a$$ ,/ the (h#6+e1 'ha$$ )e p ,5#.e. t, 'epa ate pa''a2e-a1'. %A& Inlets$ E5e 1 #+$et t, 6a',+ 1 (h#6+e1' 'ha$$ e+te the '#.e the e,/ a+. 'ha$$ )e ,/ +,t $e'' tha+ : 6#$$#6ete ' %1?@ #+(h& th#(* 6eta$ , 16 6#$$#6ete ' %5?@ #+(h& e/ a(t, 1 6ate #a$'. %1!& Clearance$ C,6)3't#)$e 6ate #a$' 'ha$$ +,t )e p$a(e. -#th#+ 5 (e+t#6ete ' %0 #+(he'& ,/ '6,*e (ha6)e -a$$' , 6a',+ 1 (h#6+e1 -a$$' -he+ )3#$t -#th#+ a 't 3(t3 e4 , -#th 0.5 (e+t#6ete ' %1 #+(h& -he+ the (h#6+e1 #' )3#$t e+t# e$1 ,3t'#.e the 't 3(t3 e. %11& +er&ination$ A$$ #+(#+e at#,+ 'ha$$ te 6#+ate #+ a '3)'ta+t#a$$1 (,+'t 3(te. 'pa * a e'te ha5#+2 a 6e'h +,t e9(ee.#+2 1A (e+t#6ete ' %:?4 #+(h&.

%10& Cleanouts$ C$ea+,3t ,pe+#+2 'ha$$ )e p ,5#.e. at the )a'e ,/ e5e 1 6a',+ 1 (h#6+e1. %)& 1ireplaces and Barbecues$ F# ep$a(e'4 )a )e(3e'4 '6,*e (ha6)e 4 a+. /# ep$a(e (h#6+e1' 'ha$$ )e ,/ ',$#. 6a',+ 1 , e#+/, (e. (,+( ete a+. 'ha$$ (,+/, 6 t, the 6#+#636 e83# e6e+t' 'pe(#/#e. #+ th#' C,.e. Fa(t, 1-)3#$t 6eta$ ,,6 heat#+2 't,5e' 6a1 )e 3'e. #+ a((, .a+(e -#th 2e+e a$$1 e(,2+#=e. e+2#+ee #+2 p a(t#(e'. (1) -ireplace )alls. Walls of fireplaces shall e not less than 2. centimeters (, inches) in thic"ness1 Walls of fire oxes shall e not less than 2) centimeters (1. inches) in thic"ness$ >xcept, %hat where a lining of fire ric" is used such walls shall e not less than 2. centimeters (, inches) in thic"ness1 %he fire ox shall e not less than ). centimeters (2. inches) in depth1 %he maximum thic"ness of (oints in fire ric" shall e * millimeter (1=' inch)1 (2) ,oods. ?etal hoods used as a part of a fireplace or ar ecue shall e not less than @o1 1, gauge copper, galvanized steel, or other equivalent corrosion!resistant ferrous metal with all seams and connections of smo"eproof unsoldered construction1 %he hoods shall e sloped at an angle of ') degrees or less from the vertical and shall extend horizontally at least 1) centimeters (* inches) eyond the limits of the fire ox1 ?etal hoods shall e "ept a minimum of '. centimeters (1, inches) from com ustion materials unless approved for reduced clearances1 (&) Circulators. /pproved metal heat circulators may installed fireplaces1 e

(') S$o+e Cha$ber. 8ront and side walls shall e not less than 2. centimeters (, inches) in thic"ness1 2mo"e cham er ac" walls shall not e not less than 1) centimeters (* inches) in thic"ness1 ()) -ireplace Chi$ne#s. Walls of chimneys without flue lining shall e not less than 2. centimeters (, inches) in thic"ness1 Walls of chimneys with flue lining shall e not less than 1. centimeters (' inches) in thic"ness and shall not e

constructed in accordance with this #ode1 (*) Clearance to Co$bustible 2aterial. #om usti le material shall not e placed within ) centimeters (2 inches) of fireplace, smo"e cham er, or chimneys walls when uilt entirely within a structure, or within 21) centimeters (1 inch) when the chimney is uilt entirely outside the structure1 <n lieu of 21)!centimeter (1 inch) clearance etween chimney and exterior wall, 12 millimeters (1=2 inch) gypsum oard may e su stituted1 #om usti le materials shall not e placed within 1) centimeters (* inches) of the fireplace opening1 @o such com usti le material within &. centimeters (12 inches) of the fireplace opening shall pro(ect more than & millimeters (1=, inch) for each 21)!centimeter (1 inch) clearance from such opening1 @o part of metal hoods used as part of a fireplace, ar ecue, or heating stove shall e less than '. centimeters (1, inches) from com usti le material1 %his clearance may e reduced to the minimum requirements set forth in this #ode1 (+) Areas of -lues, *hroats, and Da$pers. %he net cross! sectional area of the flue and of the throat etween the fire ox and the smo"e cham er of a fireplaces shall e not less than the requirements according to internationally recognized and accepted principles of engineering1 Where dampers are used, they shall e of not less than @o1 12 gauge metal1 When fully opened, damper openings shall e not less than -. per cent of the required flue area1 When fully opened, damper lade shall not extent the line of inner face of the flue1 (,) Lintel1 ?asonry over the fireplace opening shall supported y an incom usti le lintel1 e

(-) ,earth. >very fireplace shall e provided with a ric", concrete, stone, or other approved incom usti le hearth sla at least &. centimeters (12 inches) wider on each side than the fireplace opening and pro(ecting at least &. centimeters (1, inches) therefrom1 %his sla shall e not less than 1. centimeters (' inches) thic" and shall e supported y incom usti le materials or reinforced to carry its own weight and all imposed loads1 #om usti le forms and centering shall e removed1 SECTION @.!1.10" 1ire%/6tinguishing Syste&s

%a& Auto&atic 1ire%/6tinguishing Syste&s, (here "e5uired$ Sta+.a . a3t,6at#( /# e-e9t#+23#'h#+2 '1'te6' 'ha$$ (,6p$1 -#th e83# e6e+t' ,/ 2e+e a$$1 e(,2+#=e. a+. a((epte. p a(t#(e' a+. 'ha$$ )e #+'ta$$e. #+ the /,$$,-#+2 p$a(e'" %1& I+ e5e 1 )a'e6e+t , (e$$a -#th a+ a ea ,/ 0!! '83a e 6ete ' %0150 '83a e /eet& , 6, e -h#(h #' 3'e. /, ha)#tat#,+4 e( eat#,+4 .#+#+24 't3.14 , -, *4 a+. -h#(h )a'e a+ ,((3pa+t $,a. ,/ 6, e tha+ 0!.
( a$a-

%0& I+ a$$ . e''#+2 ,,6'4 ehea 'a$ ,,6'4 -, *'h,p' , /a(t, #e'4 a+. ,the ,,6' -#th a+ ,((3pa+t $,a. ,/ 6, e tha+ 1!4 a''e6)$1 ha$$' 3+.e G ,3p' H a+. I O((3p#e' -#th a+ ,((3pa+t $,a. ,/ 6, e tha+ 5!!4 a+. #/ the e9#t .,, ' ,/ 'a#. ,,6' a e 6, e tha+ :!.!! 6ete ' %1!! /eet& / ,6 the +ea e't 'a/e /# e .#'pe 'a$ a ea ,/ the )3#$.#+2 , ,pe+#+2 t, a (,3 t , 't eet. %:& I+ a$$ ,,6' 3'e. a' 't, a2e , ha+.$#+2 ,/ ph,t,2 aph#( a+. 9- a1 +#t ,(e$$3$,'e /#$6' a+. ,the #+/$a66a)$e a t#($e'. %)& Dry Standpipes. E5e 1 )3#$.#+2 '#9 6, e 't, #e' #+ he#2ht 'ha$$ )e e83#ppe. -#th ,+e , 6, e . 1 'ta+.p#pe'. (1) Construction and tests. 5ry standpipes shall e of wrought iron or galvanized steel and together with fittings and connections shall e of sufficient strength to withstand 2. "ilograms per square centimeter (&.. pounds per square inch) of water pressure when ready for service, without lea"ing at the (oints, valves, or fittings1 %ests shall e conducted y the owner or his representative or contractor in the presence of a representative of the #ity or ?unicipal 8ire 5epartment whenever deemed necessary for the purpose of certification of its proper function1chan robles virtual law library (2) Si3e. 5ry standpipes shall e of such size as to e capa le of delivering -'* liters (2). gallons) per minute from each of any three outlets simultaneously under the pressure created y one fire engine or pumper, ased on the existing city equipment availa le1 %he local 8ire 5epartment shall e consulted as to the proper size and threads of those connections1

(&) (u$ber Re'uired. >very uilding six or more stories in height where the area of any floor a ove the fifth floor is -). square meters (1.,... square feet) or less shall e equipped with not less than one dry standpipe and an additional standpipe shall e installed for each additional -). square meters (1.,... square feet) or fraction thereof1 (') Location. 2tandpipes shall e located within stairway landings or near such stairways as possi le or immediately inside of an exterior wall and &. centimeters (12 inches) of an opening in a stairway enclosure of the alcony or vesti ule of a smo"eproof tower or an outside exit stairway1 ()) Sia$ese Connection. 2u (ect to the provisions of su paragraph (2), all 1.!centimeter ('!inch) dry standpipes shall e equipped with a two!way 2iamese fire department connection1 /ll 121)!centimeters ()!inch) dry standpipes shall e equipped with a three!way 2iamese fire department connection and 1)!centimeter (*!inch) dry standpipes shall e equipped with a fourway 2iamese fire department connection1 /ll 2iamese inlet connections shall e located on a street front of the uilding and not less than &. centimeters (12 inches) nor more than 112. meters (' feet a ove the grade and shall e equipped with clapper!chec"s and su stantial plugs1 /ll 2iamese inlet connections shall e recessed in the wall or otherwise su stantially protected1 (*) utlets. /ll dry standpipes shall e extend from the ground floor to and over the roof and shall e equipped with a *1&! centimeter (2!1=2!inch) outlet not more than 112. meters (' feet) a ove the floor level at each story1 /ll dry standpipes shall e equipped with a two!way *1&!centimeters (2!1=2 inch) outlet a ove the roof1 /ll outlets shall e equipped with gate valves with su stantial chains1 (+) Si"ns. /n iron or ronze sign with raised letters at least 21) centimeters (1 inch) high shall e rigidly attached to the uilding ad(acent to all 2iamese connections and such sign shall read$ "C ((%C*. ( * DR4 S*A(DP.P%." %(& (et Standpipes. E5e 1 G ,3p H a+. I O((3pa+(1 ,/ a+1 he#2ht a+. e5e 1 G ,3p C O((3pa+(1 ,/ t-, , 6, e 't, #e' #+ he#2ht4 -h,'e (, #., ' a e /$a+*e. ,+ ),th '#.e'4 a+. e5e 1

G ,3p C O((3pa+(1 ,/ t-, , 6, e 't, #e' #+ he#2ht4 -h,'e (, #., ' 'e 5e ,+$1 ,+e ,- ,/ ,,6' ,+ ,+e '#.e a+. -#th a+ ,pe+ (,3 t ,+ the ,the '#.e4 a+. e5e 1 G ,3p B4 D4 E4 F4 a+. G O((3pa+(1 ,/ th ee , 6, e 't, #e' #+ he#2ht a+. e5e 1 G ,3p G a+. E O((3pa+(1 ,5e 1@!! '83a e 6ete ' %0!4!!! '83a e /eet& #+ a ea 'ha$$ )e e83#ppe. -#th ,+e , 6, e #+te #, -et 'ta+.p#pe' e9te+.#+2 / ,6 the (e$$a , )a'e6e+t #+t, the t,p6,'t 't, 1" P ,5#.e.4 That G ,3p H )3#$.#+2' ha5#+2 +, 'ta2e a+. ha5#+2 a 'eat#+2 (apa(#t1 ,/ $e'' tha+ 5!! +ee. t, )e e83#ppe. -#th #+te #, 'ta+.p#pe'. (1) Construction1 <nterior wet standpipes shall as required for dry standpipes1 (2) Si3e (211) <nterior wet standpipes shall have an internal diameter sufficient to deliver 1,- liters (). gallons) of water per minute under 211 "ilograms per square centimeter (&. pounds per square inch) pressure at the lose connection, ased on the availa le water supply1 7uildings of 9roups 3 and < ;ccupancies shall have wet standpipe systems capa le of delivering the required quantity and pressure from any two outlets simultaneously; for all other occupancies only one outlet need e figured to e at one time1 <n no case shall the internal diameter of a vet standpipe e less than ) centimeters (2 inches), except when the standpipe is attached to an automatic fire!extinguishing system as set y the internationally recognized and accepted engineering practices1 (212) /ny approved formula which determines pipe sizes on a pressure drop asis may e used to determine pipe size for wet standpipe systems1 %he 7uilding ;fficial may require delivery and pressure tests on completed wet standpipe systems efore approving such systems1 (&) @um ered 6equired1 Wet standpipes shall e so located that any portion of the can e reached therefrom with a hose not exceeding 2&1.. meters (+) feet) in length1 (') Location. <n 9roups 3 and < ;ccupancies, outlets shall e located as follows$ one on either side of the stage, one at the rear of the auditorium, and one at the rear of the alconies1 e constructed

Where occupant loads are less than ).. the a ove requirements may e waived$ 0rovided, %hat porta le fire! extinguishers of appropriate capacity and type are installed within easy access from the said locations1 <n 9roups 7, #, 5, >, 8, and 9 ;ccupancies the location of all interior wet standpipes shall e in accordance with the requirements for dry standpipes$ 0rovided, %hat at least one wet standpipe is installed to cover not more than *). square meters (+.. square feet)1 ()) utlets. /ll interior wet standpipes shall e equipped with a &1,!centimeter (1!1=2 inch) valve in each story including the asement or cellar of the uilding , and located not less than e. centimeters (1 foot) nor more than 11). meters () feet) a ove the floor1 (*) *hreads. /ll hose threads in connection with the installation of such standpipes, including valves and reducing fittings, shall e uniform with that used y the local 8ire 5epartment1 (+) )ater Supplies. /ll interior wet standpipes shall e connected to a street water main not less than 1. centimeters (' inches) in diameter, or when the water pressure is sufficient, to a water tan" of sufficient size as provided in su paragraph (,)1 When more than one interior wet standpipe is required in the uilding, such standpipes shall e connected at their ases or at their tops y pipes of equal size1 (,) Pressure and Gravit# *an+s. %an"s shall have a capacity sufficient to furnish at least 1&'* liters (2). gallons) per minute for a period of not less than 1. minutes1 2uch tan"s shall e located so as to provide not less than 111& "ilograms (2) pounds) pressure at the topmost hose outlet for its entire supply1 5ischarge pipes from pressure tan"s shall extend ) centimeters (2 inches) into and a ove the ottom of such tan"s1 /ll tan"s shall e tested in place after installation and proved tightly at a hydrostatic pressure ). per cent in excess of the wor"ing pressure required1 Where such tan"s are used for domestic purpose the supply pipe for such purposes shall e located at or a ove the center line of such tan"s1 <ncom usti le supports shall e provided for all such supply tan"s and not less than -.!centimeters (&!foot) clearance shall e maintained

over the top and under the

ottom of all pressure tan"s1

(-) -ire Pu$ps. 8ire pumps shall have a capacity of not less than 1&'* liters (2). gallons) per minute with a pressure of not less than 111& "ilograms (2) pounds) at the topmost hose outlet1 %he source of supply for such pump shall e a street water main of not less than 1.!centimeter ('!inch) diameter or a well or cistern containing a one!hour supply1 2uch pumps shall e supplied with an adequate source of power of the uilding and shall e automatic in operation1 (1.) ,ose and ,ose Reels. >ach hose outlet of all interior wet standpipes shall e supplied with a hose not less than &1, centimeters (1!1=2 inches) in diameter1 2uch hose shall e equipped with a suita le rass or ronze nozzle and shall e not over 2&1.. meters (+) feet) in length1 /n approved standard form of wall hose reel or rac"s shall e provided for the hose and shall e located so as to ma"e the hose readily accessi le at all times and shall e recessed in the walls or protected suita le ca inets1 %.& Base&ent Pipe Inlets$ Ba'e6e+t p#pe #+$et' 'ha$$ )e #+'ta$$e. #+ the /# 't /$,, ,/ e5e 1 't, e4 -a eh,3'e4 , /a(t, 1 -he e the e a e (e$$a ' , )a'e6e+t' 3+.e 'a6e" E9(ept4 ;he e #+ '3(h (e$$a ' , )a'e6e+t' the e #' #+'ta$$e. a /# ee9t#+23#'h#+2 '1'te6 a' 'pe(#/#e. #+ th#' C,.e4 , -he e the (e$$a ' , )a'e6e+t' a e 3'e. /, )a+*#+2 p3 p,'e'4 'a/e .ep,'#t 5a3$t'4 , '#6#$a 3'e'. (1) 2aterials. /ll asement pipe inlets shall e of cast iron, steel rass, or ronze with lids of cast rass or ronze and shall consist of a sleeve not less than 2. centimeters (, inches) in diameter through the floor extending to and flush with the ceiling elow and with a top flange, recessed with an inside shoulder, to receive the lid and flush with the finish floor surface1 %he lid shall e a solid casting and have a ring lift recessed on the top thereof, so as to e flush1 %he lid shall have the words"-.R% D%PAR*2%(* (L4, D ( * C V%R 1P", cast on the top thereof1 %he lid shall e installed in such a manner as to permit its removal readily from the inlet1 (2) Location. 7asement pipe inlets shall e strategically located and "ept readily accessi le at all times to the 8ire 5epartment1

%e& Appro-al$ A$$ /# e-e9t#+23#'h#+2 '1'te6'4 #+($3.#+2 a3t,6at#( 'p #+*$e'4 -et a+. . 1 'ta+.p#pe'4 a3t,6at#( (he6#(a$ e9t#+23#'he '4 )a'e6e+t p#pe #+$et'4 a+. the app3 te+a+(e the et, 'ha$$ 6eet the app ,5a$ ,/ the F# e Depa t6e+t ,/ the pa t#(3$a 63+#(#pa$#t1 , (#t1 a' t, #+'ta$$at#,+ a+. $,(at#,+ a+. 'ha$$ )e '3)<e(t t, '3(h pe #,.#( te't' a' 6a1 e83# e. SECTION @. !1.1:" Stages and Platfor&s %a& Stage 2entilators$ The e 'ha$$ )e ,+e , 6, e 5e+t#$at, ' (,+'t 3(te. ,/ 6eta$ , ,the #+(,6)3't#)$e 6ate #a$ +ea the (e+te a+. a),5e the h#2he't pa t ,/ a+1 -, *#+2 'ta2e a#'e. a),5e the 'ta2e ,,/ a+. ha5#+2 a t,ta$ 5e+t#$at#,+ a ea e83a$ t, at $ea't /#5e pe (e+t ,/ the /$,, a ea -#th#+ the 'ta2e -a$$'. The e+t# e e83#p6e+t 'ha$$ (,+/, 6 t, the /,$$,-#+2 e83# e6e+t'" (1) penin" Action. Centilators shall open y spring action or force of gravity sufficient to overcome the effects of neglect, rust, dirt, or expansion y heat or warning of the framewor"1 (2) Glass1 9lass, if used in ventilators, must e protected against falling on the stage1 / wire screen, if used under the glass, must e so placed that if clogged it cannot reduce the required ventilating area of interfere with the operating mechanism or o struct the distri ution of water from the automatic fire!extinguishing systems1 (&) Desi"n. Centilators, penthouses, and supporting framewor" shall e designed in accordance with this #ode1 (') Auto$atic penin"s. >ach ventilator shall e arranged to open automatically after the out rea" of fire y the use of an approved automatic closing device as defined in this #ode1 %he fusi le lin" and operating ca le shall hold each door closed against a minimum 1&1)!"ilogram (&.!pound) counterforce exerted y springs or counterweights1 %his minimum counterforce shall e exerted on each door through its entire arc of travel and for a minimum 11) degrees1 / manual control shall e provided1

()) Sprin" Actuations. 2prings, when employed to actuate ventilator doors, shall e capa le of maintaining full required tension indefinitely1 2prings shall not e stressed more than ). per cent of their rated capacity and shall not e located directly in the air stream, nor exposed to the elements1 (*) Location of -usible Lin+s. / fusi le lin" shall e placed in the ca le control system on the underside of the ventilator at or a ove the roof line, and shall e so located as not to e affected y the operation of fire!extinguishing systems1 (+) Control. 6emote, manual, or electrical control shall provide for oth opening and closing of the ventilator doors for periodic testing and shall e located at a point on the stage designated y the 7uilding ;fficial1 When remote control of ventilator is electrical, power failure shall not affect its instant operation in the event of fire1 3and winches may e employed to facilitate operation of manually controlled ventilators1 (,) Curb Construction. #ur s shall constructed as required for the roof1 %)& #ridirons (1) 9ridirons, fly galleries, and pin!rails shall e constructed of incom usti le materials and fire protection of steel and iron may e omitted1 9ridirons and fly galleries shall e designed to support a live load of not less than 112 "ilograms per square meter (+) pounds per square foot)1 >ach loft loc" well shall e designed to support &+12 "ilograms per linear meter (2). pounds per linear foot) and the loc" well shall e designed to support the aggregate weight of all the loft loc" well served1 %he head loc" well must e provided with an adequate strong ac" of lateral race to offset torque1 (2) %he main counterweight sheave eam shall e designed to support a horizontal and vertical uniformly distri uted live load sufficient to accommodate the weight imposed y the total num er of loft loc"s in the gridiron1 %he sheave loc"s shall e designed to accommodate the maximum load for the loft loc"s or head loc"s served with a safety factor of five1 %(& "oo&s Accessory to Stage$ I+ )3#$.#+2' ha5#+2 a 'ta2e4 the

. e''#+2 ,,6 'e(t#,+'4 -, *'h,p'4 a+. 't, e ,,6' 'ha$$ )e $,(ate. ,+ the 'ta2e '#.e ,/ the p ,'(e+#36 -a$$ a+. 'ha$$ )e 'epa ate. / ,6 ea(h ,the a+. / ,6 the 'ta2e )1 +,t $e'' tha+ a O+e-H,3 F# e-Re'#'t#5e O((3pa+(1 Sepa at#,+. %.& Prosceniu&s (alls$ A 'ta2e 'ha$$ )e (,6p$ete$1 'epa ate. / ,6 the a3.#t, #36 )1 a p ,'(e+#36 -a$$ ,/ +,t $e'' tha+ t-,h,3 #+(,6)3't#)$e (,+'t 3(t#,+. The p ,'(e+#36 -a$$ 'ha$$ e9te+. +,t $e'' tha+ 1.0! 6ete ' %4 /eet& a),5e the ,,/ ,5e the a3.#t, #36. P ,'(e+#36 -a$$' 6a1 ha5e4 #+ a..#t#,+ t, the 6a#+ p ,'(e+#36 ,pe+#+2 at the , (he't a p#t $e5e$ a+. +,t 6, e tha+ t-, ,pe+#+2' at the 'ta2e /$,, $e5e$4 ea(h ,/ -h#(h 'ha$$ )e +,t 6, e tha+ 0.!! '83a e 6ete ' %05 '83a e /eet& #+ a ea. A$$ ,pe+#+2' #+ the p ,'(e+#36 -a$$ ,/ a 'ta2e 'ha$$ )e p ,te(te. )1 a /# e a''e6)$1 ha5#+2 a ,+e a+. ,+e-ha$/-h,3 /# e- e'#'t#5e at#+2. The p ,'(e+#36 ,pe+#+24 -h#(h 'ha$$ )e the 6a#+ ,pe+#+2 /, 5#e-#+2 pe /, 6a+(e'4 'ha$$ )e p ,5#.e. -#th a 'e$/-($,'#+2 /# e- e'#'t#5e (3 ta#+ a((, .#+2 t, 2e+e a$$1 e(,2+#=e. a+. a((epte. e+2#+ee #+2 p a(t#(e'. %e& Stage 1loors$ The T1pe ,/ C,+'t 3(t#,+ /, 'ta2e /$,, ' 'ha$$ .epe+. 3p,+ the e83# e6e+t )a'e. ,+ the T1pe ,/ O((3pa+(1 a+. the (, e'p,+.#+2 /# e- e'#'t#5e e83# e6e+t'. A$$ pa t' ,/ the 'ta2e /$,, 'ha$$ )e .e'#2+e. t, '3pp, t +,t $e'' tha+ 1@5 *#$,2 a6' pe '83a e 6ete %105 p,3+.' pe '83a e /,,t&. Ope+#+2' th ,32h 'ta2e /$,, ' 'ha$$ )e e83#ppe. -#th t#2ht-/#tt#+2 t ap .,, '. %/& Platfor&s$ The T1pe ,/ C,+'t 3(t#,+ /, p$at/, 6' 'ha$$ .epe+. 3p,+ the e83# e6e+t' )a'e. ,+ the T1pe ,/ O((3pa+(1 a+. (, e'p,+.#+2 /# e- e'#'t#5e e83# e6e+t'. E+($,'e. p$at/, 6' 'ha$$ )e p ,5#.e. -#th ,+e , 6, e 5e+t#$at, ' (,+/, 6#+2 t, the e83# e6e+t' ,/ 'ta2e 5e+t#$at, '" E9(ept4 That the t,ta$ a ea 'ha$$ )e e83a$ t, /#5e pe (e+t ,/ the a ea ,/ the p$at/, 6. ;he+ 6, e tha+ ,+e 5e+t#$at, ' #' p ,5#.e.4 the1 'ha$$ )e ', 'pa(e. a' t, p ,5#.e p ,pe e9ha3't 5e+t#$at#,+. Ve+t#$at, ' 'ha$$ +,t )e e83# e. /, e+($,'e. p$at/, 6' ha5#+2 a /$,, a ea ,/ 45.!! '83a e 6ete ' %5!! '83a e /eet& , $e''. %2& Stage /6its$ At $ea't ,+e e9#t +,t $e'' tha+ A! (e+t#6ete ' %: /eet& -#.e 'ha$$ )e p ,5#.e. / ,6 a pa''a2e-a1 +,t $e'' tha+ A! (e+t#6ete ' %: /eet& #+ -#.th t, a 't eet , e9#t (,3 t.

A+ e9#t 'ta# +,t $e'' tha+ >5 (e+t#6ete ' %0 /eet4 6 #+(he'& -#.e 'ha$$ )e p ,5#.e. /, e2 e'' / ,6 ea(h /$1 2a$$e 1. Ea(h t#e ,/ . e''#+2 ,,6' 'ha$$ )e p ,5#.e. -#th at $ea't t-, 6ea+' ,/ e2 e'' ea(h +,t $e'' tha+ >5 (e+t#6ete ' %0 /eet4 6 #+(he'& -#.e a+. a$$ '3(h 'ta# ' 'ha$$ )e (,+'t 3(te. a' 'pe(#/#e. #+ th#' C,.e. The 'ta# ' e83# e. #+ th#' S3)'e(t#,+ +ee. t, )e e+($,'e.. SECTION @.!5.14" Motion Picture Pro7ection "oo&s %a& #eneral$ The p ,5#'#,+' ,/ th#' Se(t#,+ 'ha$$ app$1 ,+$1 -he e #)),+ t1pe 6,t#,+ p#(t3 e /#$6 #+ e9(e'' ,/ 006#$$#6ete %>?@-#+(h& -#.th a+. e$e(t #( a e p ,<e(t#,+ e83#p6e+t a e 3'e.. E5e 1 6,t#,+ p#(t3 e 6a(h#+e 3'#+2 #)),+ t1pe #+ e9(e'' ,/ 00-6#$$#6ete %>?@-#+(h& -#.th a+. e$e(t #( a ( p ,<e(t#,+ e83#p6e+t4 t,2ethe -#th a$$ e$e(t #(a$ .e5#(e'4 he,'tat'4 6a(h#+e'4 a+. a$$ '3(h /#$6' p e'e+t #+ a+1 G ,3p C4 I4 , H O((3pa+(14 'ha$$ )e e+($,'e. #+ a p ,<e(t#,+ ,,6 $a 2e e+,32h t, pe 6#t the ,pe at, t, -a$* / ee$1 ,+ e#the '#.e a+. )a(* ,/ the 6a(h#+e. %)& Construction$ E5e 1 p ,<e(t#,+ ,,6 'ha$$ )e ,/ +,t $e'' tha+ ,+e-h,3 /# e- e'#'t#5e (,+'t 3(t#,+ th ,32h,3t a+. the -a$$' a+. (e#$#+2 'ha$$ )e /#+#'he. -#th #+(,6)3't#)$e 6ate #a$. The (e#$#+2 'ha$$ )e +,t $e'' tha+ 0.4! 6ete ' %@ /eet& / ,6 the /#+#'he. /$,, . The ,,6 'ha$$ ha5e a /$,, a ea ,/ +,t $e'' tha+ >.!! '83a e 6ete ' %@! '83a e /eet& a+. :.5! '83a e 6ete ' %4! '83a e /eet& /, ea(h a..#t#,+a$ 6a(h#+e. %(& /6its$ E5e 1 p ,<e(t#,+ ,,6 'ha$$ ha5e at $ea't t-, .,, -a1 'epa ate. )1 +,t $e'' tha+ ,+e-th# . the pe #6ete ,/ the ,,64 ea(h at $ea't >5 (e+t#6ete ' %0 /eet4 6 #+(he'& -#.e a+. 0.!! 6ete ' %6 /eet4 > #+(he'& h#2h. A$$ e+t a+(e' t, a p ,<e(t#,+ ,,6 'ha$$ )e p ,te(te. )1 a 'e$/-($,'#+2 /# e a''e6)$1 ha5#+2 a th ee-/,3 th' h,3 /# e- e'#'t#5e at#+2. S3(h .,, ' 'ha$$ ,pe+ ,3t-a . a+. $ea. t, p ,pe e9#t' a' e83# e. #+ th#' C,.e a+. 'ha$$ +,t )e e83#ppe. -#th a+1 $at(h. The 6a9#636 -#.th ,/ '3(h .,, +ee. )e +, 6, e tha+ >5 (e+t#6ete ' %0 /eet4 6 #+(he'&. %.& Ports and .penings$ P, t' #+ p ,<e(t#,+ ,,6 -a$$' 'ha$$ )e ,/ th ee *#+.'" p ,<e(t#,+ p, t'7 ,)'e 5at#,+ p, t'7 a+. (,6)#+at#,+ p, t' 3'e. /, ),th ,)'e 5at#,+ a+. /,

'te e,pt#(,+4 'p,t4 , /$,,.$#2ht 6a(h#+e'. (1) Ports Re'uired. %here shall e provided for each motion picture pro(ector not more than one pro(ection port, which shall e limited in area to ++' square centimeters (12. square inches), and not more than one o servation port, which shall e limited in area to 12-. square centimeters (2.. square inches)1 %here shall e not more than three com ination ports, each of which shall not exceed +) centimeters y *. centimeters (&. inches y 2' inches)1 >ach port opening shall e completely covered with a pane of glass$ >xcept, %hat when acetate (safety) film is used pro(ection ports may e increased in size to an area not to exceed '*'' square centimeters (+2. square inches)1 (2) Shutters. >ach port and every other opening in pro(ection room walls, including any fresh!air inlets ut excluding exit doors and exhaust ducts, shall e provided with a shutter of not less than @o1 1. 4121 gauge sheet metal or its equivalent large enough to overlap at least 2) millimeters (1 inch) on all sides of such opening1 2hutters shall e arranged to slide without inding in guides constructed of material equal to the shutters in strength and fire resistance1 >ach shutter shall e equipped with a +'F# (1*)F8) fusi le lin", which when fused y heat will cause closure of the shutter y gravity1 2hutters of a size greater than 12-. square centimeters (2.. square inches) shall e equipped with a counter! alance1 %here shall also e a fusi le lin" located over the upper magazine of each pro(ector, which, upon operating, will close all the shutters1 <n addition, there shall e provided suita le means for manually closing all shutters simultaneously from any pro(ector head and from a point within the pro(ection room near each exit door1 2hutters on openings not in use shall e "ept closed$ >xcept, %hat shutters may e omitted when acetate (safety) film only is used1 %e& 2entilation (1) .nlet. / fresh!air inlet from the exterior of the uilding not less than -2,1 , square centimeters (11' square inches) and protected with wire netting shall e installed within ). millimeters (2 inches) of the floor in every pro(ection room, the source of which shall e remote from other outside vents or

flues1 (2) utlets1 Centilation shall e provided y one or more mechanical exhaust systems which shall draw air from each arc lamp and from one or more points near the ceiling1 2ystems shall exhaust to outdoors either directly or through an incom usti le flue used for no other purpose1 >xhaust capacity shall e not less than .1'2 cu ic meter (1) cu ic feet) nor more than 11'. cu ic meters (). cu ic feet) per minute for each are lamp plus )1*. cu ic meters (2.. cu ic feet) per minute for the room itself1 2ystems shall e controlled from within the enclosure and have pilot lights to indicate operation1 %he exhaust system serving the pro(ection room may e extended to cover room associated therewith such as rewind rooms1 @o dampers shall e installed in such exhaust systems1 Centilation of these rooms shall not e connected in any way ventilating or air conditioning system serving other portions of the uilding1 >xhaust ducts shall e of incom usti le material, and shall either e "ept 2) millimeters (1 inch) from com usti le material or covered with 1. millimeters (1=2 inch) of incom usti le heat!insulating material1 %/& "egulation of /5uip&ent$ A$$ 'he$5e'4 /#9t3 e'4 a+. /#9e. e83#p6e+t #+ a p ,<e(t#,+ ,,6 'ha$$ )e (,+'t 3(te. ,/ #+(,6)3't#)$e 6ate #a$'. A$$ /#$6' +,t #+ a(t3a$ 3'e 'ha$$ )e 't, e. #+ 6eta$ (a)#+et' ha5#+2 #+.#5#.3a$' (,6pa t6e+t' /, ee$' , 'ha$$ )e #+ 2e+e a$$1 a((epte. 'h#pp#+2 (,+ta#+e '. N, ',$.e 'ha$$ )e 3'e. #+ the (,+'t 3(t#,+ ,/ '3(h 6eta$ (a)#+et'. %2& Sanitary "e5uire&ents$ E5e 1 p ,<e(t#,+ ,,6 'ha$$ )e p ,5#.e. -#th 3+e+($,'e. -ate ($,'et a+. $a5at, 1. SECTION @.!1.15" 4athing Plastering and Installation of (allboards %a& #eneral$ The #+'ta$$at#,+ ,/ $ath4 p$a'te 4 a+. 21p'36 -a$$),a .' 'ha$$ (,+/, 6 t, the /# e- e'#'t#5e at#+2 e83# e6e+t' a+. the T1pe ,/ C,+'t 3(t#,+ ,/ the )3#$.#+2 a+. 'ha$$ )e .e'#2+e. #+ a((, .a+(e -#th the $e2a$$1 a((epte. p #+(#p$e' ,/ e+2#+ee #+2.

TITLE A - MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL REGULATIONS

Chapte A.!1 - MECHANICAL REGULATIONS

SECTION A.!1.!1" Mechanical Code %a& A$$ 6e(ha+#(a$ '1'te6' e83#p6e+t4 a+. #+'ta$$at#,+' 6e+t#,+e. #+ th#' C,.e 'ha$$ (,+/, 6 t, the p ,5#'#,+' ,/ the Me(ha+#(a$ C,.e ,/ the Ph#$#pp#+e'4 $ate't e.#t#,+4 a.,pte. a+. p ,63$2ate. )1 the B,a . ,/ Me(ha+#(a$ E+2#+ee #+2 E9a6#+e ' p3 '3a+t t, C,66,+-ea$th A(t N36)e e. 0A44 a' a6e+.e..

Chapte A.!0 - ELECTRICAL REGULATIONS

SECTION A.!0.!1" /lectrical Code %a& A$$ e$e(t #(a$ '1'te6' a+. #+'ta$$at#,+' 6e+t#,+e. #+ th#' C,.e 'ha$$ (,+/, 6 t, the p ,5#'#,+' ,/ the Ph#$#pp#+e E$e(t #(a$ C,.e4 $ate't e.#t#,+4 a.,pte. a+. p ,63$2ate. )1 the B,a . ,/ E$e(t #(a$ E+2#+ee #+2 E9a6#+e ' p3 '3a+t t, Rep3)$#( A(t N,. 1@44 ,the -#'e *+,-+ a' the E$e(t #(a$ E+2#+ee #+2 La-.

TITLE 1! - SPECIAL SUBBECTS Chapte 1!.!1 - PHOTOGRAPHIC AND G-RAF FILMS

SECTION 1!.!1.!1" Storage and Handling %a& I+ the 't, a2e a+. ha+.$#+2 ,/ ph,t,2 aph#( a+. 9- a1 +#t ,(e$$3$,'e /#$64 a3t,6at#( 'p #+*$e ' 'ha$$ )e p ,5#.e. #+ the /,$$,-#+2 (a'e" %1& ;he+ 3+e9p,'e. a+. the /#$6' e9(ee. the a22 e2ate ,/ 14.!! (3)#( 6ete ' %5!! (3)#( /eet&4 the'e 'h,3$. )e #+ 2e+e a$$1 a((epte. 'a/et1 'h#pp#+2 (,+ta#+e ' /, /#$6'7
( a$a-

%0& ;he e 'he$5#+2 3'e. /, 't, a2e ,/ #+.#5#.3a$ pa(*a2e' +,t #+ 'a#. 'a/et1 'h#pp#+2 (,+ta#+e ' a+. the /#$6' e9(ee.' 1.4! (3)#( 6ete ' %5! (3)#( /eet& #+ (apa(#t17 , %:& St, a2e +,t #+ 2e+e a$$1 a((epte. 'a/et1 'h#pp#+2 (,+ta#+e ' #+ a+1 /# e 'e(t#,+ e83#ppe. -#th a3t,6at#( 'p #+*$e ' 6a1 )e pe 6#tte. 3p t, 14.!! (3)#( 6ete ' %5!! (3)#( /eet&. %)& F#$6 +e2at#5e' #+ 't, a2e , #+ p ,(e'' ,/ ha+.$#+2 'ha$$ )e *ept #+ hea51 6a+#$a e+5e$,pe' +,t e9(ee.#+2 10 /#$6' t, a+

e+5e$,pe. E9pa+.#+2 e+5e$,pe' 'ha$$ +,t )e 3'e.. %(& F#$6 +e2at#5e' 'ha$$ )e *ept #+ p ,pe $1 #+'3$ate. 5e+te. (a)#+et'4 5e+te. 't, a2e 5a3$t' , ,3t'#.e 't, a2e h,3'e'. N,t 6, e tha+ 11: *#$,2 a6' %05! p,3+.' 'ha$$ )e 't, e. #+ a+1 '#+2$e (a)#+et. ;he e the /#$6 't, e. e9(ee.' 45:.5 *#$,2 a6' %1!!! p,3+.'&4 #t 'ha$$ )e #+ 5e+te. 't, a2e 5a3$t' , #+ a .eta(he. 't 3(t3 e , ,,/ 5a3$t. D,, ,pe+#+2' #+ 5a3$t 'ha$$ )e ,/ /,3 h,3 /# e- e'#'t#5e (,+'t 3(t#,+ a+. 'ha$$ )e *ept ($,'e e9(ept -he+ #+ 3'e. %.& O+$1 #+(a+.e'(e+t e$e(t #( $#2ht' 'ha$$ )e pe 6#tte.4 p ,te(te. -#th '3)'ta+t#a$ -# e 23a .' , 5ap, p ,,/ 2$,)e'4 , ),th. P, ta)$e $#2ht' ,+ e9te+'#,+ (, .' a e p ,h#)#te.. S6,*#+2 'ha$$ )e p ,h#)#te. a+. (,+'p#(3,3' +, '6,*#+2 '#2+ p,'te.. %e& N, /#$6' 'ha$$ )e 't, e. -#th#+ 6! (e+t#6ete ' %0 /eet& 'ea6 p#pe'4 (h#6+e1'4 , ,the ',3 (e' ,/ heat. chan robles virtual law library %/& F# 't a#. app$#a+(e' ,/ t1pe' 3'#+2 -ate , -ate ',$3t#,+' 'ha$$ )e p ,5#.e.. D#'(a .e. /#$6' 'ha$$ )e 't, e. a+. ha+.$e. #+ the 'a6e 6a++e a' ,the /#$6' 3+t#$ e6,5e. / ,6 the p e6#'e'. SECTION 1!.!1.!0" Nitrocellulose Motion Picture 1il& %a& N#t ate 6,t#,+ p#(t3 e /#$6 'ha$$ )e 't, e. , ha+.$e. ,+$1 #+ )3#$.#+2' ,/ /# e- e'#'t#5e (,+'t 3(t#,+. E5e 1 ,,6 -he e +#t ate /#$6 #' 't, e. , ha+.$e. #+ 83a+t#t#e' 2 eate tha+ 00.5 *#$,2 a6' %5! p,3+.'&4 e9(ept #+ 6,t#,+ p#(t3 e ),,th' , e-#+.#+2 ,,6' (,++e(te. -#th '3(h ),,th'4 'ha$$ )e e83#ppe. -#th a3t,6at#( 'p #+*$e '. %)& B3#$.#+2' 3'e. /, 4 , h,3'#+24 a +#t ate p#(t3 e /#$6 $a), at, 1 , 't3.#, 'ha$$ ha5e a3t,6at#( 'p #+*$e '. A 6#+#636 ,/ ,+e 'p #+*$e /, e5e 1 6.!! '83a e 6ete ' %64 '83a e /eet& 'ha$$ )e p ,5#.e.. SECTION 1!.!1.!:" Classes of 1il& /6e&pted %a& The p ,5#'#,+' ,/ th#' Se(t#,+ ., +,t app$1 t," /#$6 /, a6ate3 ph,t,2 aph#( 3'e #+ , #2#+a$ pa(*a2e' ,/ C ,$$C a+.

C/#$6 pa(*C /#$6' #+ 83a+t#t#e' ,/ $e'' tha+ 1.4! (3)#( 6ete ' %5! (3)#( /eet&7 'a/et1 /#$6 %(e$$3$,'e a(etate )a'e&7 .e+ta$ 9a1 /#$67 e'ta)$#'h6e+t' 6a+3/a(t3 #+2 ph,t,2 aph#( /#$6' a+. the# 't, a2e #+(#.e+ta$ the et,7 a+. /#$6' 't, e. , )e#+2 3'e. #+ 'ta+.a . 6,t#,+ p#(t3 e ),,th'. %)& Sa/et1 ph,t,2 aph#( G- a1 /#$6' %(e$$3$,'e a(etate )a'e& 6a1 )e #.e+t#/#e. )1 the 6a *#+2 ,+ the e.2e ,/ the /#$6. SECTION 1!.!1.!4" Sprin)lers %a& U+$e'' ,the -#'e p ,5#.e. #+ th#' C,.e4 a$$ 'p #+*$e ' -he+ ', e83# e. 'ha$$ )e ,/ a t1pe4 'pe(#/#(at#,+'4 a+. 6eth,. ,/ #+'ta$$at#,+' #+ a((, .a+(e -#th 2e+e a$$1 a((epte. p a(t#(e'.

Chapte 1!.!0 - PREFABRICATED CONSTRUCTION

SECTION 1!.!0.!1" #eneral %a& P e/a) #(ate. a''e6)$1 #' a 't 3(t3 a$ 3+#t4 the #+te2 a$ pa t' ,/ -h#(h ha5e )ee+ )3#$t 3p , a''e6)$e. p #, t, #+(, p, at#,+ #+ the )3#$.#+2. %)& Spe(#a$ te't' )a'e. ,+ #+te +at#,+a$$1 e(,2+#=e. a+. a((epte. e+2#+ee #+2 p a(t#(e' 'ha$$ )e e83# e. ,+ a''e6)$#e' t, .ete 6#+e he# 't 3(t3 a$ app ,p #ate+e''4 .3 a)#$#t14 ',3+.+e''4 a+. -eathe a+. /# e e'#'ta+(e. Mate #a$' a+. the# a''e6)$1 'ha$$ (,6p$1 -#th the $ate't 2e+e a$$1 a((epte. e+2#+ee #+2 a+. a (h#te(t3 a$ 'pe(#/#(at#,+' a+. 'ta+.a .'. %(& E5e 1 .e5#(e , '1'te6 .e'#2+e. t, (,++e(t p e/a) #(ate. a''e6)$#e' 'ha$$ )e (apa)$e ,/ .e5e$,p#+2 the 't e+2th ,/ the .#//e e+t 6e6)e ' a' a h,6,2e+,3' , 6,+,$#th#( 't 3(t3 e4 e9(ept #+ the (a'e ,/ 6e6)e ' /, 6#+2 pa t ,/ a 't 3(t3 a$ / a6e a' 'pe(#/#e. #+ th#' C,.e. A+(h, a2e' a+. (,++e(t#,+' )et-ee+ 6e6)e ' a+. the '3pp, t#+2 e$e6e+t' ,/ the 't 3(t3 e , -a$$' 'ha$$ )e (apa)$e ,/ -#th'ta+.#+2 a$$ p ,)a)$e e9te +a$ a+. #+te +a$ /, (e' , ,the (,+.#t#,+' /, a 't 3(t3 a$$1 ',3+. (,+'t 3(t#,+. I+ 't 3(t3 a$ .e'#2+4 p ,pe a$$,-a+(e' 'ha$$ )e 6a.e /, a+1 6ate #a$ t, )e .#'p$a(e. , e6,5e. /, the #+'ta$$at#,+' ,/ p#pe'4 (,+.3#t'4 , ,the '.

%.& P$a(e6e+t ,/ p e/a) #(ate. a''e6)$#e' 'ha$$ )e #+'pe(te. t, .ete 6#+e. (,6p$#a+(e -#th th#' C,.e.

Chapte 1!.!: - PLASTICS

SECTION 1!.!:.!1" #eneral %a& Appro-ed Plastics$ App ,5e. p$a't#( 6ate #a$' 'ha$$ )e th,'e -h#(h ha5e a /$a6e-'p ea. at#+2 ,/ 005 , $e'' a+. a '6,*e .e+'#t1 +,t 2 eate tha+ that ,)ta#+e. / ,6 the )3 +#+2 ,/ 3+t eate. -,,. 3+.e '#6#$a (,+.#t#,+' -he+ te'te. #+ a((, .a+(e -#th 2e+e a$$1 e(,2+#=e. a+. a((epte. e+2#+ee #+2 p a(t#(e' /, '3 /a(e )3 +#+2 (ha a(te #'t#(' ,/ )3#$.#+2 6ate #a$' #+ the -a1 #+te+.e. /, 3'e. The p ,.3(t' ,/ (,6)3't#,+ 'ha$$ )e +, 6, e t,9#( tha+ the )3 +#+2 ,/ 3+t eate. -,,. 3+.e '#6#$a (,+.#t#,+'. SECTION 1!.!:.!0" Installation %a& Structural "e5uire&ents$ A$$ p$a't#( 6ate #a$' a+. the# a''e6)$#e' 'ha$$ )e ,/ a.e83ate 't e+2th a+. .3 a)#$#t1 t, -#th'ta+. the p e'( #)e. .e'#2+ $,a.'. S3//#(#e+t a+. '3)'ta+t#a$ te(h+#(a$ .ata 'ha$$ )e '3)6#tte. t, e'ta)$#'h 't e''e'4 6a9#636 3+'3pp, te. 'pa+'4 a+. '3(h ,the #+/, 6at#,+ a' 6a1 )e .ee6e. +e(e''a 1 /, the 5a #,3' th#(*+e'' a+. /, 6' 3'e.. %)& 1astenings$ Fa'te+#+2' 'ha$$ )e a.e83ate t, -#th'ta+. .e'#2+ $,a.' a+. #+te +a$ a+. e9te +a$ 't e''e' e83# e. ,/ the a''e6)$14 P ,pe a$$,-a+(e' 'ha$$ )e 6a.e /, e9pa+'#,+ a+. (,+t a(t#,+ ,/ p$a't#( 6ate #a$' #+ (,+<3+(t#,+ -#th ,the 6ate #a$' -#th -h#(h #t a''e6)$e. , #+te2 ate.. SECTION 1!.!:.!:" #la!ing of .penings %a& D,, '4 'a'h a+. / a6e. ,pe+#+2' #+ e9te #, -a$$' ,/ a$$ )3#$.#+2 e9(ept T1pe' IV a+. V (,+'t 3(t#,+ 6a1 )e 2$a=e. , e83#ppe. -#th app ,5e. p$a't#(" Pro-ided4 That" %1& The -a$$ #+ -h#(h '3(h 2$a=#+2 #' #+'ta$$e. #' ', $,(ate. that ,pe+#+2' a e +,t e83# e. t, )e /# e-p ,te(te..
( a$a-

%0& E9(ept /, T1pe I )3#$.#+2'4 the $,(at#,+4 '#=e4 a+. 'pa(#+2 ,/ '3(h 2$a=e. ,pe+#+2' ., +,t e9(ee. the 5a$3e' 'et )1

2e+e a$$1 e(,2+#=e. a+. a((epte. p #+(#p$e' ,/ e+2#+ee #+2. %:& P$a't#(' 3'e. #+ 2$a=e. ,pe+#+2' ,/ T1pe II )3#$.#+2' 'ha$$ )e ,/ 6ate #a$' app ,p #ate t, 3'e a((, .#+2 t, /$a6e-'p ea. (ha a(te #'t#(' a+. the $,(at#,+4 '#=e a+. 'pa(#+2 ,/ the ,pe+#+2' ., +,t e9(ee. the 5a$3e' 'et /, th )1 2e+e a$$1 a((epte. p #+(#p$e' ,/ e+2#+ee #+2. SECTION 1!.!:.!4" S)ylights %a& #eneral$ App ,5e. p$a't#(' 6a1 )e 3'e. #+ '*1$#2ht' #+'ta$$e. ,+ ,,/' T1pe' I4 II4 , III )3#$.#+2' a+. a$$ )3#$.#+2' e83#ppe. -#th a+ app ,5e. a3t,6at#( /# e-e9t#+23#'h#+2 '1'te6 #+ G ,3p' A4 B4 C4 E4 F4 B4 H-:4 a+ H-4 O((3pa+(#e'" E9(ept4 That" %1& App ,5e. p$a't#(' 6a1 )e 3'e. #+ a+1 t1pe ,/ (,+'t 3(t#,+ , ,((3pa+(1 a' a /# e 5e+t#+2 '1'te6 -he+ app ,5e. )1 the B3#$.#+2 O//#(#a$.
( a$a-

%0& P$a't#(' 6a1 )e 3'e. #+ app ,5e. '*1$#2ht' #+ T1pe I ,+eh,3 (,+'t 3(t#,+' -h#(h a e $,(ate. :! (e+t#6ete ' %10 #+(he'& , 6, e a),5e the $,-e p$a+e ,/ the (e#$#+2. The -a$$' ,/ the '*1$#2ht -e$$ 'ha$$ )e +, $e'' /# e- e'#'t#5e tha+ the a.<a(e+t (e#$#+2. %:& ;he e a /# e- e'#'t#5e (e#$#+2 #' +,t e83# e. #+ ,+e-'t, 1 )3#$.#+2'4 app ,5e. p$a't#(' 6a1 )e 3'e. #+ '*1$#2ht'. %)& Installation "e5uire&ents (1) >xcept in 9roup / ;ccupancies, no s"ylight shall e installed within &1.. meters (1. feet) of a property line1 (2) %he edges of dome!type s"ylights shall e properly flashed1

(&) 0lastic s"ylights shall e separated from each other y at least 21). meters (feet, ' inches) Aaterally and &1.. meters (1. feet) along the slope of the roof1 %(& Allo'able Areas$ The a ea ,/ #+.#5#.3a$ p$a't#( '*1$#2ht' 'ha$$ +,t e9(ee. 1!.!! '83a e 6ete ' %1!> '83a e /eet&. The t,ta$ a22 e2ate a ea ,/ p$a't#(' 3'e. #+ '*1$#2ht'4 6,+#t, '4 a+. 'a-t,,th 2$a=#+2 'ha$$ +,t e9(ee. 0! pe (e+t ,/ the /$,, a ea ,/ the ,,6 , ,((3pa+(1 'he$te e..

%.& Curb "e5uire&ents$ P$a't#( '*1$#2ht' #+ ,,/' ha5#+2 a '$,pe ,/ $e'' tha+ 1 #+ : 'ha$$ ha5e a 1! (e+t#6ete %4-#+(h& h#2h (3 ). The (3 ) 6a1 )e ,6#tte. -he e a -# e '( ee+ +,t '6a$$e the N,. 10 U.S. 2a32e -#th 05-6#$$#6ete %1-#+(h& 6e'h #' p ,5#.e. #66e.#ate$1 )e$,- the '*1$#2ht. The '( ee+ 'ha$$ )e '3)'ta+t#a$$1 6,3+te. )e$,- the '*1$#2ht. SECTION 1!.!:.!5" 4ight%+rans&itting Panels in Monitors and Sa'tooth "oofs %a& #eneral$ ;he e a /# e- e'#'t#5e at#+2 #' +,t e83# e. /, the ,,/ 't 3(t3 e4 a+. #+ a$$ )3#$.#+2' p ,5#.e. -#th a+ app ,5e. a3t,6at#( /# e-e9t#+23#'h#+2 '1'te64 app ,5e. p$a't#(' 6a1 )e 3'e. -#th , -#th,3t 'a'h a' the $#2ht-t a+'6#tt#+2 6e.#36 #+ 6,+#t, ' a+. 'a-t,,th ,,/'" E9(ept4 That p$a't#(' 3'e. #+ 6,+#t, ' , 'a-t,,th ,,/' ,/ T1pe II )3#$.#+2' 'ha$$ )e ,/ 6ate #a$' app ,p #ate t, 3'e a((, .#+2 t, /$a6e-'p ea. (ha a(te #'t#('. %)& Allo'able Areas$ The a ea ,/ #+.#5#.3a$ p$a't#( 2$a=#+2 3'e. #+ 6,+#t, ' a+. 'a-t,,th 2$a=#+2 'ha$$ +,t e9(ee. 15.!! '83a e 6ete ' %15! '83a e /eet&. The t,ta$ a22 e2ate a ea ,/ p$a't#(' 3'e. #+ '*1$#2ht'4 6,+#t, '4 a+. 'a-t,,th 2$a=#+2 'ha$$ +,t e9(ee. 0! pe (e+t ,/ the /$,, a ea ,/ the ,,6 , ,((3pa+(1 'he$te e.. %(& Area Separations$ The a ea' ,/ '3(h p$a't#( pa+e$' 'ha$$ )e 'epa ate. / ,6 ea(h ,the )1 a 'e(t#,+ #+(,6)3't#)$e 6ate #a$' , )1 a 'e(t#,+ ,/ the ,,/#+2 6ate #a$ ,/ the 't 3(t3 e +,t $e'' tha+ 1.5! 6ete ' %5 /eet& #+ $e+2th. The $,-e e.2e ,/ the p$a't#( 6ate #a$ 'ha$$ )e at $ea't 15 (e+t#6ete ' %6 #+(he'& a),5e the '3 /a(e ,/ the a.<,#+#+2 ,,/ '3 /a(e. SECTION 1!.!:.!6" Plastic 4ight Diffusers in Ceilings %a& #eneral$ Ce#$#+2 $#2ht .#//3'e ' ha5#+2 a+ a ea 2 eate tha+ 1! pe (e+t ,/ a+1 1!.!! '83a e 6ete ' %1!! '83a e /eet& ,/ ,,6 a ea 'ha$$ )e app ,5e. p$a't#(' (,+/, 6#+2 t, the e83# e6e+t' 'pe(#/#e. #+ th#' C,.e. %)& Installation$ P$a't#( $#2ht .#//3'e ' 'ha$$ )e #+'ta$$e. #+ '3(h a 6a++e that the1 -#$$ +,t ea.#$1 )e(,6e .eta(he. -he+

'3)<e(te. t, ,,6 te6pe at3 e ,/ 14AHC %:!!HF& /, 05 6#+3te'4 e9(ept4 /, p$a't#( $#2ht .#//3'e ' -h#(h a e #+'ta$$e. #+ the /# 't /$,, a ea' ,/ G ,3p C O((3pa+(#e' ha5#+2 e2 e'' .# e(t$1 t, the e9te #, ,/ the )3#$.#+27 a+. p$a't#( $#2ht .#//3'e ' -h#(h a e $,(ate. )et-ee+ a+ app ,5e. a3t,6at#( /# e-e9t#+23#'h#+2 '1'te6 a+. the a ea' t, )e p ,te(te. ,the tha+ p3)$#( (, #., ' , G ,3p' A4 B4 C4 D4 E4 G4 H4 a+. I O((3pa+(#e' #/ te't' #+ a((, .a+(e -#th 2e+e a$$1 a((epte. a+. e(,2+#=e. p #+(#p$e' ,/ e+2#+ee #+2 ha5e e'ta)$#'he. that '3(h #+'ta$$at#,+' -#$$ +,t #+te /e e -#th the e//#(#e+t ,pe at#,+ ,/ '3(h a3t,6at#( /# e-e9t#+23#'h#+2 '1'te6'. SECTION 1!.!:.!>" Partitions %a& ;he e pa t#t#,+' a e +,t e83# e. t, )e ,/ /# e- e'#'t#5e , #+(,6)3't#)$e (,+'t 3(t#,+4 app ,5e. p$a't#(' (,+/, 6#+2 t, the e83# e6e+t' 'pe(#/#e. #+ th#' C,.e 6a1 )e 3'e.. SECTION 1!.!:.!@" /6terior 2eneer %a& #eneral. E9te #, 5e+ee 6a1 )e ,/ app ,5e. p$a't#( 6ate #a$' a+. 'ha$$ (,+/, 6 t, the p ,5#'#,+' ,/ th#' Se(t#,+. %)& Height$ P$a't#( 5e+ee 6a1 )e atta(he. t, e9te #, -a$$' a),5e the /# 't 't, 1 ,/ )3#$.#+2' $,(ate. ,3t'#.e ,/ h#2h$1 e't #(t#5e F# e E,+e'" P ,5#.e.4 /3 the 4 That the he#2ht ,/ 5e+ee #' +,t #+ e9(e'' ,/ 1!.5! 6ete ' %:5 /eet& a),5e the a.<a(e+t 2 a.e e$e5at#,+. %(& Area$ Se(t#,+ ,/ p$a't#( 5e+ee 'ha$$ +,t e9(ee. 15.!! '83a e 6ete ' %15! '83a e /eet& #+ a ea" E9(ept4 That #+ $e'' e't #(t#5e F# e E,+e' the a ea 6a1 )e #+( ea'e. )1 5! pe (e+t. %.& Separation$ Se(t#,+' ,/ p$a't#( 5e+ee 'ha$$ )e 'epa ate. )1 a 6#+#636 ,/ 1.0! 6ete ' %4 /eet& 5e t#(a$$1 a+. 6! (e+t#6ete ' %0 /eet& h, #=,+ta$$1. SECTION 1!.!:.!A" A'nings and Canopies %a& P$a't#(' ,/ 6ate #a$' app ,p #ate t, 3'e a((, .#+2 t, /$a6e'p ea. (ha a(te #'t#(' 6a1 )e 3t#$#=e. #+ a-+#+2' a+. (a+,p#e'4 a+. a$$ '3(h a-+#+2' a+. (a+,p#e' 'ha$$ )e

(,+'t 3(te. #+ a((, .a+(e -#th p ,5#'#,+' 2,5e +#+2 p ,<e(t#,+' a+. appe+.a2e' 'pe(#/#e. #+ th#' C,.e. %)& App ,5e. p$a't#(' 6a1 )e 3'e. #+ a-+#+2' -he e 3+t eate. (a+5a' #' pe 6#tte.. %(& App ,5e. p$a't#(' 6a1 )e 3'e. #+ $#e3 ,/ p$a#+ 2$a'' #+ 2 ee+h,3'e #+ $e'' e't #(t#5e F# e E,+e'.

Chapte 1!.!4 - SHEET METAL SPRAF BOOTHS

SECTION 1!.!4.!1" #eneral %a& #eneral$ Pa#+t 'p a1 ),,th' 'ha$$ )e (,+'t 3(te. ,/ 'tee$ ,/ +,t $e'' tha+ N,. 1@ U.S. 2a32e #+ th#(*+e'' a+. 'ha$$ )e .e'#2+e. #+ a((, .a+(e -#th th#' C,.e. %)& Area$ The a ea ,/ a pa#+t 'p a1 ),,th 'ha$$ +,t e9(ee. 15! '83a e 6ete ' %15!! '83a e /eet& +, 1! pe (e+t ,/ the )a'#( a ea pe 6#tte. /, the 6a<, 3'e ,/ the )3#$.#+2 a((, .#+2 t, the ,((3pa+(1 2 ,3p. %(& 1loor Construction$ The /$,, 'ha$$ )e (,+'t 3(te. ,/ #+(,6)3't#)$e 6ate #a$. %.& Interior Surface$ Pa#+t 'p a1 ),,th' 'ha$$ )e .e'#2+e. t, pe 6#t the / ee pa''a2e ,/ e9ha3't a# / ,6 a$$ pa t' ,/ the #+te #, a+. a$$ #+te #, '3 /a(e' 'ha$$ )e '6,,th a+. (,+t#+3,3' -#th,3t ,3t'ta+.#+2 e.2e'. SECTION 1!.!4.!0" 1ire Protection %a& E5e 1 'p a1 ),,th ha5#+2 a+ ,pe+ / ,+t e$e5at#,+ $a 2e tha+ !.A! 6ete %A '83a e /eet& a+. -h#(h #' +,t e83#ppe. -#th .,, '4 'ha$$ ha5e a /# e (3 ta#+ , 6eta$ .e/$e(t, +,t $e'' tha+ 1! (e+t#6ete ' %4 #+(he'& .eep #+'ta$$e. that 3ppe ,3te e.2e ,/ the ),,th ,pe+#+2. SECTION 1!.!4.!:" 4ight %a& Pa#+t 'p a1 ),,th' 'ha$$ #$$36#+ate. th ,32h ha66e e. -# e , heat-t eate. 2$a'' pa+e$'. The 2$a'' pa+e$' 'ha$$ )e $,(ate. #+ '3(h a 6a++e a' t, e.3(e the ha=a . ,/ #2+#t#,+

(a3'e. )1 pa#+t 'p a1 .ep,'#t. SECTION 1!.!4.!4" 2entilation %a& #eneral. Me(ha+#(a$ 5e+t#$at#,+ 'ha$$ )e p ,5#.e. .# e(t t, the e9te #, ,/ the )3#$.#+2. The 6e(ha+#(a$ e9ha3't '1'te6 'ha$$ )e .e'#2+e. t, 6,5e the a# th ,32h a+1 p, t#,+ ,/ the pa#+t 'p a1 a ea at the ate ,/ +,t $e'' tha+ :!.!! $#+ea 6ete ' %1!! $#+ea /eet& pe 6#+3te. The )$a.e' ,/ e9ha3't /a+ 'ha$$ )e (,+'t 3(te. ,/ +,+/e ,3' 6ate #a$' a+. 'ha$$ )e 6,3+te. #+ '3(h a 6a++e a' t, p e5e+t (,+ta(t -#th the e9ha3't .3(t. The 6,t, 'ha$$ +,t )e 6,3+te. #+ the 'p a1 ),,th , the .3(t '1'te6 a+. )e$t' 'ha$$ )e e+($,'e. -he e the1 e+te the ),,th , .3(t '1'te6. %)& /6haust Ducts$ E9ha3't .3(t' 'ha$$ )e (,+'t 3(te. ,/ 'tee$ ha5#+2 a th#(*+e'' +,t $e'' tha+ the 5a$3e' 'et )1 2e+e a$$1 e(,2+#=e. a+. a((epte. p #+(#p$e' ,/ e+2#+ee #+2. The .#'(ha 2e pa#+t /, .3(t' #+ a pa#+t 'p a1 ),,th 'ha$$ )e +,t $e'' tha+ 1.@! 6ete ' %6 /eet& / ,6 a.<,#+#+2 (,6)3't#)$e (,+'t 3(t#,+ +, $e'' tha+ >.5! 6ete ' %05 /eet& / ,6 a.<,#+#+2 e9te #, -a$$ ,pe+#+2'" E9(ept4 That the .#'(ha 2e p,#+t /, e9ha3't .3(t' #' +,t e23$ate. #+ a -ate --a'h 'p a1 ),,th.

Chapte 1!.!5 - GLASS AND GLAEING

SECTION 1!.!5.!1" #eneral %a& Th#' Chapte 'ha$$ app$1 t, e9te #, 2$a'' a+. 2$a=#+2 #+ a$$ ,((3pa+(#e' e9(ept G ,3p' A4 B4 a+. B O((3pa+(#e' +,t ,5e th ee 't, #e' #+ he#2ht4 a+. t, #+te #, a+. e9te #, 2$a'' a+. 2$a=#+2 #+ a$$ ,((3pa+(#e' '3)<e(t t, h36a+ #6pa(t a' 'pe(#/#e. #+ th#' Chapte . %)& Sta+.a .' /, 6ate #a$' 'ha$$ (,+/, 6 t, th#' Chapte a+. t, 2e+e a$$1 e(,2+#=e. a+. a((epte. p #+(#p$e' ,/ e+2#+ee #+2 ,+ 2$a'' .#6e+'#,+a$ t,$e a+(e4 ) ea*#+2 't e'' $e5e$'4 a+. .e'#2+ %'a/et1& /a(t, '. %(& Ea(h $#2ht 'ha$$ )ea the 6a+3/a(t3 e I' $a)e$ .e'#2+at#+2 the t1pe a+. th#(*+e'' ,/ 2$a''. Ea(h $#2ht -#th 'pe(#a$ pe /, 6a+(e (ha a(te #'t#(' '3(h a' $a6#+ate.4 heat't e+2the+e.4 /3$$1 te6pe e. , #+'3$ate. 'ha$$ )ea the

6a+3/a(t3 e I' #.e+t#/#(at#,+ 'h,-#+2 the 'pe(#a$ (ha a(te #'t#( a+. th#(*+e'' )1 et(h#+2 , ,the pe 6a+e+t #.e+t#/#(at#,+ that 'ha$$ )e 5#'#)$e a/te the 2$a'' #' 2$a=e.. SECTION 1!.!5.!0" Area 4i&itation %a& E9te #, 2$a'' a+. 2$a=#+2 'ha$$ )e (apa)$e ,/ 'a/et1 -#th'ta+.#+2 the $,a.' 'et /, th )1 2e+e a$$1 e(,2+#=e. a+. a((epte. p #+(#p$e' ,/ e+2#+ee #+2 ,+ -#+. p e''3 e' /, 5a #,3' he#2ht =,+e' a),5e 2 ,3+. a(t#+2 #+-a . , ,3t-a .. The a ea ,/ #+.#5#.3a$ $#2ht' 'ha$$ +,t )e 6, e tha+ th,'e 'et )1 2e+e a$$1 e(,2+#=e. a+. a((epta)$e p #+(#p$e' ,/ e+2#+ee #+2 ,+ the 6a9#636 a$$,-a)$e a ea ,/ 2$a'' a((, .#+2 t, the -#+. $,a. 63$t#p$#e. )1 the app ,p #ate a.<3't6e+t /a(t, . SECTION 1!.!5.!:" #la!ing %a& G$a'' /# 6$1 '3pp, te. ,+ a$$ /,3 e.2e' 'ha$$ )e 2$a=e. -#th a 6#+#636 $ap' a+. e.2e ($ea a+(e' #+ a((, .a+(e -#th 2e+e a$$1 a((epte. a+. e(,2+#=e. p #+(#p$e' ,/ e+2#+ee #+2 /, 6#+#636 2$a=#+2 e83# e6e+t'" Pro-ided4 That 2$a'' e.2e ($ea a+(e #+ /#9e. ,pe+#+2' 'ha$$ )e +,t $e'' tha+ -hat #' e83# e. /, -#+. a+. ea th83a*e . #/t. F, 2$a'' +,t /# 6$1 '3pp, te. ,+ a$$ /,3 e.2e'4 .e'#2+ 'ha$$ )e '3)6#tte. /, app ,5a$. G$a'' '3pp, t' 'ha$$ )e (,+'#.e e. /# 6 -he+ .e/$e(t#,+ ,/ the '3pp, t at .e'#2+ $,a. .,e' +,t e9(ee. 1?1>5th ,/ the 'pa+. SECTION 1!.!5.!4" (indo's 4ou-ered %a& Re23$a p$ate4 'heet4 , patte +e. 2$a'' #+ <a$,3'#e' a+. $,35e e. -#+.,-' 'ha$$ +,t )e th#++e tha+ +,6#+a$ 5.6 6#$$#6ete ' %>?:0 #+(h& a+. +, $,+2e tha+ 1.0! 6ete ' %4 /eet& E9p,'e. 2$a'' e.2e. 'ha$$ )e '6,,th. chan robles virtual law library SECTION 1!.!5.!5" I&pact %a& F a6e$e'' 2$a''4 .,, '4 2$a'' #+ .,, '4 /#9e. 2$a'' pa+e$'4 a+. '#6#$a 2$a=e. ,pe+#+2' -h#(h 6a1 )e '3)<e(t t, a((#.e+ta$ h36a+ #6pa(t 'ha$$ (,+/, 6 -#th 2e+e a$$1 e(,2+#=e. a+. a((epte. p #+(#p$e' ,/ e+2#+ee #+2 ,+ #6pa(t $,a.' ,/ 2$a''" E9(ept4 #+ the /,$$,-#+2 (a'e'"
( a$a-

%1& Bath t3) a+. 'h,-e e+($,'3 e' 'ha$$ )e (,+'t 3(te. / ,6 app ,5e. 'hatte - e'#'ta+t 6ate #a$'4 '3(h a'" -# e e#+/, (e. 2$a'' +,t $e'' tha+ 5-6-6#$$#6ete %>?:0-#+(h& th#(*+e''7 /3$$1 te6pe e. 2$a'' +,t $e'' tha+ 4.@-6#$$#6ete %:?16-#+(h& th#(*+e''7 , $a6#+ate. 'a/et1 2$a'' ,/ +,t $e'' tha+ 6.46#$$#6ete %1?4-#+(h& th#(*+e''. %0& G$a'' $#2ht' $,(ate. +,t $e'' tha+ 45 (e+t#6ete ' %1@ #+(he'& a),5e the a.<a(e+t /#+#'he. /$,, , -a$*#+2 '3 /a(e. %:& G$a'' $#2ht' -he+ the $ea't .#6e+'#,+ #' +, 2 eate tha+ 45 (e+t#6ete ' %1@ #+(he'&. %4& G$a'' $#2ht' !.55 '83a e 6ete %16 '83a e /eet& , $e'' #+ a ea.

Chapte 1!.!6 - SIGNS

SECTION 1!.!6.!1" #eneral %a& N, '#2+' , '#2+),a .' 'ha$$ )e e e(te. #+ '3(h a 6a++e a' t, (,+/3'e , ,)'t 3(t the 5#e- , #+te p etat#,+ ,/ a+1 ,//#(#a$ t a//#( '#2+ '#2+a$ , .e5#(e. %)& N, '#2+),a .' 'ha$$ )e (,+'t 3(te. a' t, 3+.3$1 ,)'t 3(t the +at3 a$ 5#e- ,/ the $a+.'(ape4 .#'t a(t , ,)'t 3(t the 5#e,/ the p3)$#( a' t, (,+'t#t3te a t a//#( ha=a .4 , ,the -#'e .e/#$e4 .e)a'e4 , ,//e+. the ae'thet#( a+. (3$t3 a$ 5a$3e' a+. t a.#t#,+' ,/ the F#$#p#+, pe,p$e. SECTION 1!.!6.!0" Maintenance %a& A$$ '#2+'4 t,2ethe -#th a$$ ,/ the# '3pp, t'4 ) a(e'4 231' a+. a+(h, '4 'ha$$ )e *ept #+ epa# a+. #+ p ,pe 'tate ,/ p e'e 5at#,+. The .#'p$a1 '3 /a(e' ,/ a$$ '#2+' 'ha$$ )e *ept +eat$1 pa#+te. , p,'te. at a$$ t#6e'. SECTION 1!.!6.!:" Design and Construction %a& #eneral$ S#2+' a+. '#2+' 't 3(t3 e' 'ha$$ )e .e'#2+e. a+. (,+'t 3(te. t, e'#'t a$$ -#+. a+. 'e#'6#( /, (e'. A$$ ) a(#+2 '1'te6' 'ha$$ )e .e'#2+e. a+. (,+'t 3(te. t, t a+'/e $ate a$ /, (e' t, the /,3+.at#,+'. F, '#2+' ,+ )3#$.#+2' the .ea. a+. $ate a$ $,a.' 'ha$$ )e t a+'6#tte. th ,32h the 't 3(t3 a$ / a6e

,/ the )3#$.#+2 t, the 2 ,3+. #+ '3(h 6a++e a' +,t t, ,5e 't e'' a+1 ,/ the e$e6e+t' the e,/. The ,5e t3 +#+2 6,6e+t p ,.3(e. / ,6 $ate a$ /, (e' 'ha$$4 #+ +, (a'e4 e9(ee. t-,-th# .' ,/ the .ea.-$,a. e'#'t#+2 6,6e+t. Up$#/t .3e t, ,5e t3 +#+2 'ha$$ )e a.e83ate$1 e'#'te. )1 p ,pe a+(h, a2e t, the 2 ,3+. , t, the 't 3(t3 a$ / a6e ,/ the )3#$.#+2. The -e#2ht ,/ ea th '3pe #6p,'e. ,5e /,,t#+2' 6a1 )e 3'e. #+ .ete 6#+#+2 the .ea.-$,a. e'#'t#+2 6,6e+t. S3(h ea th 'ha$$ )e (a e/3$$1 p$a(e. a+. th, ,32h$1 (,6pa(te.. SECTION 1!.!6.!4" Support %a& #eneral. The '3pp, t' /, a$$ '#2+' , '#2+' 't 3(t3 e' 'ha$$ )e p$a(e. #+ , 3p,+ p #5ate p ,pe t1 a+. 'ha$$ )e 'e(3 e$1 )3#$t4 (,+'t 3(te.4 a+. e e(te. #+ (,+/, 6#t1 -#th the e83# e6e+t' ,/ th#' C,.e. %)& Materials$ Mate #a$' ,/ (,+'t 3(t#,+ /, '#2+' a+. '#2+ 't 3(t3 e' 'ha$$ )e ,/ the 83a$#t1 a+. 2 a.e a' 'pe(#/#e. #+ th#' C,.e. %(& "estrictions and Co&bustible Materials$ A$$ '#2+' a+. '#2+ 't 3(t3 e' e e(te. #+ h#2h$1 e't #(t#5e F# e E,+e' 'ha$$ ha5e 't 3(t3 a$ 6e6)e ' ,/ #+(,6)3't#)$e 6ate #a$'. G ,3+. '#2+' 6a1 )e (,+'t 3(te. ,/ a+1 6ate #a$ 6eet#+2 the e83# e6e+t' ,/ th#' C,.e. C,6)#+at#,+ '#2+'4 ,,/ '#2+'4 -a$$' '#2+'4 p ,<e(t#+2 '#2+'4 a+. '#2+' ,+ 6a 83ee' 'ha$$ )e (,+'t 3(te. ,/ #+(,6)3't#)$e 6ate #a$'. N, (,6)3't#)$e 6ate #a$' ,the tha+ app ,5e. p$a't#(' 'ha$$ )e 3'e. #+ the (,+'t 3(t#,+ ,/ e$e(t #( '#2+'. %.& Nonstructural +ri&. N,+'t 3(t3 a$ t #6 a+. p, ta)$e .#'p$a1 '3 /a(e 6a1 )e ,/ -,,.4 6eta$4 app ,5e. p$a't#('4 , a+1 (,6)#+at#,+ the e,/. %e& Anchorage. Me6)e '3pp, t#+2 3+) a(e. '#2+' 'ha$$ )e ', p ,p, t#,+e. that the )ea #+2 $,a.' #6p,'e. ,+ the ',#$ #+ e#the .# e(t#,+4 h, #=,+ta$ , 5e t#(a$4 'ha$$ +,t e9(ee. the 'a/e 5a$3e'. B a(e. 2 ,3+. '#2+' 'ha$$ )e a+(h, e. t, e'#'t the 'pe(#/#e. -#+. , 'e#'6#( $,a. #+ a+1 .# e(t#,+. A+(h, ' a+. '3pp, t' 'ha$$ )e .e'#2+e. /, 'a/e )ea #+2 $,a.' ,+ the ',#$ a+. /, a+ e//e(t#5e e'#'ta+(e t, p3$$-,3t a6,3+t#+2 t, a /, (e t-e+t1 /#5e pe (e+t %05& 2 eate tha+ the e83# e.

e'#'ta+(e t, ,5e t3 +#+2. A+(h, ' a+. '3pp, t' 'ha$$ pe+et ate t, a '3//#(#e+t .epth )e$,- 2 ,3+.. P, ta)$e 2 ,3+. '#2+' '3pp, te. )1 / a6e' , p,'t' #2#.$1 atta(he. t, the )a'e 'ha$$ )e ', p ,p, t#,+e. that the -e#2ht a+. '#=e ,/ the )a'e -#$$ )e a.e83ate t, e'#'t the -#+. p e''3 e. S#2+' atta(he. t, 6a',+ 14 (,+( ete4 , 'tee$ 'ha$$ )e 'a/e$1 a+. 'e(3 e$1 /a'te+e. the et, )1 6ea+' ,/ 6eta$ a+(h, '4 ),$t'4 , app ,5e. e9pa+'#,+ '( e-' ,/ '3//#(#e+t '#=e a+. a+(h, a2e t, '3pp, t 'a/e$1 the $,a.' app$#e.. N, -,,.e+ )$,(*' , p$32' , a+(h, ' -#th -,,. 3'e. #+ (,++e(t#,+ -#th '( e-' , +a#$' 'ha$$ )e (,+'#.e e. p ,pe a+(h, a2e4 e9(ept #+ the (a'e ,/ '#2+' atta(he. t, -,,. / a6#+2. N, a+(h, , '3pp, t ,/ a+1 '#2+ 'ha$$ )e (,++e(te. t,4 , '3pp, te. )14 a+ 3+) a(e. pa apet -a$$4 3+$e'' '3(h -a$$ #' .e'#2+e. #+ a((, .a+(e -#th the e83# e6e+t' /, pa apet -a$$'. %/& Display Surfaces$ D#'p$a1 '3 /a(e' #+ a$$ t1pe' ,/ '#2+' 6a1 )e 6a.e ,/ 6eta$4 2$a''4 , app ,5e. p$a't#('. SECTION 1!.!6.!5" Pro7ection and Clearance %a& Clearance fro& High 2oltage Po'er 4ines$ S#2+' 'ha$$ )e $,(ate. +,t $e'' tha+ 1.@! 6ete ' %6 /eet& h, #=,+ta$$1 , :.6! 6ete ' %10 /eet& 5e t#(a$$1 / ,6 ,5e hea. e$e(t #(a$ (,+.3(t, ' -h#(h a e e+e 2#=e. #+ e9(e'' ,/ >5! 5,$t'. The te 6"o-erhead conductor" a' 3'e. #+ th#' Se(t#,+ 6ea+' a+1 e$e(t #(a$ (,+.3(t, 4 e#the )a e , #+'3$ate.4 #+'ta$$e. a),5e the 2 ,3+. e9(ept '3(h (,+.3(t, ' a' a e e+($,'e. #+ a+ # ,+ p#pe' , ,the 6ate #a$ (,5e #+2 ,/ e83a$ 't e+2th. %)& Clearance fro& 1ire /scapes /6its or Standpipes$ N, '#2+ , '#2+' 't 3(t3 e 'ha$$ )e e e(te. #+ '3(h a 6a++e that a+1 p, t#,+ ,/ #t' '3 /a(e , '3pp, t' -#$$ #+te /e e #+ a+1 -a1 -#th the / ee 3'e ,/ a+1 /# e e'(ape4 e9#t4 , 'ta+.p#pe. %(& .bstruction of .penings. N, '#2+ 'ha$$ ,)'t 3(t a+1 ,pe+#+2 t, '3(h a+ e9te+t that $#2ht , 5e+t#$at#,+ #' e.3(e. t, a p,#+t )e$,- that e83# e. )1 th#' C,.e. S#2+' e e(te. -#th#+ 1.5! 6ete ' %5 /eet& ,/ a+ e9te #, -a$$ #+ -h#(h the e a e ,pe+#+2' -#th#+ the a ea ,/ the '#2+ 'ha$$ )e (,+'t 3(te. ,/ #+(,6)3't#)$e 6ate #a$ , app ,5e. p$a't#('. %.& Pro7ection .-er Alleys$ N, '#2+ , '#2+ 't 3(t3 e' 'ha$$

p ,<e(t #+t, a+1 p3)$#( a$$e1 )e$,- a he#2ht ,/ 4.05 6ete ' %14 /eet& a),5e 2 a.e +, p ,<e(t 6, e tha+ :! (e+t#6ete ' %10 #+(he'& -he e the '#2+ 't 3(t3 e #' $,(ate. 4.05 6ete ' %14 /eet& t, 4.@5 6ete ' %16 /eet& a),5e 2 a.e. The '#2+ , '#2+ 't 3(t3 e 6a1 p ,<e(t +,t 6, e tha+ !.A! 6ete %: /eet& #+t, the p3)$#( a$$e1 -he e the '#2+ , '#2+ 't 3(t3 e #' $,(ate. 6, e tha+ 4.@5 6ete ' %16 /eet& a),5e 2 a.e.. %nacted !ithout e&ecutive approval5 /ugust 2*, 1-+21