Copyright by Holt, Rinohart and Winston. All rights rosorvod.

Interactive Textbook 29 The Cell in ction

5ECIION
2
Ce|| oery
The Cell in ction
Namo Class Dato
After you read this section you shouId be abIe to answer
these questions

How do plant colls mako food?

How do plant and animal colls got onorgy from food?

How Does a PIant Make Food!
Tho sun is tho major sourco of onorgy for lifo on Earth.
Plants uso carbon dioxido, wator, and tho sun's onorgy to
mako food in a procoss callod phoIoaynIheaia. Tho food
that plants mako givos thom onorgy. Whon animals oat
plants, tho plants bocomo sourcos of onorgy for tho animals.
Plant colls havo moloculos callod jquenls that absorb
light onorgy. Chlorophyll is tho main pigmont usod in
photosynthosis. Chlorophyll is found in chloroplasts.
Tho food plants mako is a simplo sugar callod q|vcose.
Photosynthosis also producos oxygon.
CO
2
H
2
O Iight energy C

H
2
O

O
2
Pbotosyntbesis
Czrben Wzter
diexide
C|urose 0xyeo
PIant ceII
Chloroplast
Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are
found inside plant cells.
8EFDRE D0 RE40
NationaI 5cience
Education 5tandards
L5 1c, 4c
5I0 IlF
Comgare s you read
this section, make a venn
Diagram to compare cellular
respiration and fermentation.
RE40INC CHECK
1. Identify In which cell
structures does photosynthesis
take place!

2. Identify What two
materials are produced
during photosynthesis!
ChAPIk 2
Copyright by Holt, Rinohart and Winston. All rights rosorvod.
Interactive Textbook 30 The Cell in ction
5ECIION 2
Namo Class Dato
Cell nergy
How Do Organisms Cet Energy from Food!
Both plant and animal colls must broak down food
moloculos to got onorgy from thom. Thoro aro two ways
colls got onorgy: collular rospiration and formontation.
During ceIIuIar reapiraIion, colls uso oxygon to
broak down food. During IermenIaIion, food is brokon
down without oxygon. Collular rospiration roloasos moro
onorgy from food than formontation. Most oukaryotos,
such as plants and animals, uso collular rospiration.
What Happens During CeIIuIar kespiration!
Whon you hoar tho word resjralon, you might think
of broathing. Howovor, collular rospiration is difforont
from broathing. Collular rospiration is a chomical procoss
that happons in colls. In oukaryotic colls, such as plant
and animal colls, collular rospiration takos placo in struc-
turos callod ulochondra.
Rocall that to got onorgy, colls must broak down glu-
coso. During collular rospiration, glucoso is brokon down
into carbon dioxido (CO
z
) and wator (H
z
O), and onorgy is
roloasod. This onorgy is storod in a moloculo callod ATP
(adonosino triphosphato). Tho figuro bolow shows how
onorgy is roloasod whon a cow oats grass.
C

H
2
O

O
2
CO
2
H
2
O

energy AIP
Cellular resgiration
6Iurese 0xygen Czrben Wzter
diexide
Mitochondria
AnimaI ceII
The mitochondria in the cells of this cow will use cellular respiration to release
the energy stored in the grass.
5IANDAkD5 CHECK
L5 1c Cells carry on the many
functions needed to sustain life.
They grow and divide, thereby
producing more cells. This
requires that they take in
nutrients, which they use to
provide energy for the work that
cells do and to make the materials
a cell or an organism needs.
Word Helg: function
to work
Word Helg: energy
the capacity to do work
J. Identify Name two
ways cells can get energy
from food.

4. Identify What two
materials are needed for
cellular respiration!
5. List What three things
are produced during cellular
respiration!
Copyright by Holt, Rinohart and Winston. All rights rosorvod.
Interactive Textbook 31 The Cell in ction
5ECIION 2
Namo Class Dato
Cell nergy
Light
energy
ChIoropIast
Mitochondrion
Photosynthesis
CO
2
H
2
O
C

H
2
O

O
2
Cellular respiration releases
carbon dioxide and water.
These are used by plant cells
in photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis uses
carbon dioxide and water
and produces glucose and
oxygen. Plant and animal
cells use glucose and
oxygen to make TP in
cellular respiration.
{AIP}
AnimaI ceII PIant ceII
Ibe Connection 8etween Pbotosyntbesis
and Cellular kesgiration
CeIIuIar respiration
How Is Fermentation Different from
CeIIuIar kespiration!
During formontation, colls broak down glucoso without
oxygon. Somo bactoria and fungi roly only on formontation to
roloaso onorgy from food. Howovor, colls in othor organisms
may uso formontation whon thoro is not onough oxygon for
collular rospiration.
Whon you oxorciso, your musclos uso up oxygon vory
quickly. Whon colls don't havo onough oxygon, thoy must
uso formontation to got onorgy. Formontation croatos a
byproduct callod |aclc acd. This is what makos your
musclos acho if you oxorciso too hard or too long.
,-...e-! J-.--.-_
6. AppIy Concepts What
would happen if oxygen
were not produced during
photosynthesis!

7. CompIete Plant and
animal cells use glucose
and oxygen to make
.

kesearcb Use the school
library or the Internet to
research an organism that
uses fermentation. What kind
of organism is it! Where is it
found! Is this organism use-
ful to humans! Present your
hndings to the class.
Copyright by Holt, Rinohart and Winston. All rights rosorvod.
Interactive Textbook 32 The Cell in ction
Namo Class Dato
Sertoo 2 kevew N5E5 L5 1c, 4c
5ECIION VOCAULAkY
cellular resgiration the process by which cells
use oxygen to produce energy from food
fermentation the breakdown of food without
the use of oxygen
gbotosyntbesis the process by which plants,
algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon
dioxide, and water to make food.
Identify What kind of colls havo chloroplasts?
2 ExpIain How do plant colls mako food?
ExpIain Why do plant colls nood both chloroplasts and mitochondria?
AppIy Concepts How do tho procossos of photosynthosis and collular rospiration
work togothor?
Compare What is ono difforonco botwoon collular rospiration and formontation?
ExpIain Do your body colls always uso collular rospiration to broak down
glucoso? Explain your answor.