CAO THUC Extracta nh ngha: Cao thuc l ch phm c ch bng cch c hoc sy n th cht quy nh cc dch chit thu

c t dc liu thc vt hay ng vt vi cc dung mi thch hp. Cc dc liu trc khi chit xut c x l s b (sy kh v chia nh n kch thc thch hp). i vi mt s dc liu c bit c cha men lm phn hy hot cht cn phi dit men trc khi a vo s dng bng cch dng hi cn si, hi nc si hoc bng phng php thch hp khc. Cao thuc c chia lm 3 loi Cao lng: L cht lng hi snh, c mi v c trng ca dc liu s dng trong cn v nc ng vai tr dung mi chnh (hay cht bo qun hay c hai). Nu khng c ch dn khc, quy c 1 ml cao lng tng ng vi 1 g dc liu dng iu ch cao thuc. Cao c: L khi c qunh. Hm lng dung mi s dng cn li trong cao khng qu 20%. Cao kh: L khi hoc bt kh, ng nht nhng rt d ht m. Cao kh khng c c m ln hn 5% Phng php iu ch Qu trnh iu ch cao thng c 2 giai on: Giai on I Chit xut dc liu bng cc dung mi thch hp. Ty theo bn cht ca dc liu, dung mi, tiu chun cht lng ca thnh phm cng nh iu kin, quy m sn xut v trang thit b, c th s dng cc phng php chit xut: ngm, hm, hm, sc, ngm kit, chit xut ngc dng, chit xut bng thit b siu m, chit xut bng phng php s dng in trng v cc phng php khc. Phng php ngm nh git thng c s dng. Khi , dc liu th c chia nh n kch thc ph hp, c lm m vi mt lng dung mi va ri y kn yn trong khong 2 - 4 gi. Sau , chuyn khi dc liu vo bnh ngm kit, thm lng dung mi va n khi

ngp hon ton khi dc liu. Thi gian ngm lnh v tc chy trong qu trnh chit c th thay i theo khi lng v bn cht ca dc liu th em chit. Giai on II Cao lng: Sau khi thu c dch chit, tin hnh lc v c dch chit bng cc phng php khc nhau thu c cao lng c t l theo nh quy c (1 ml cao lng tng ng vi 1g dc liu). Trong trng hp iu ch cao lng bng ph ng php ngm nh git, tc chy cu dch chit c th chm, va hay nhanh. Nu chit xut 1000 g dc liu th : tc chm: Khng qu 1 ml dch chit/ pht, tc va: 1 - 3 ml dch chit/ pht tc nhanh: 3 - 5ml dch chit/ pht . ring phn dch chit u m c bng 4/5 lng dc liu em chit. Sau c cc phn dch chit tip theo trn bp cch thu hoc c di p sut gim nhit khng qu 60 C cho n khi loi ht dung mi. Ho tan cn thu c vo trong dch chit u m c v nu cn, thm dung mi vo thu c cao lng t t l quy nh. Cao lng c khuynhh ng b lng cn v vy cao lng ch mt trong thi gian t nht 3 ngy, ri lc. Cao c v cao kh: Dch chit c c c n khi m cn li khng qu 20%. Trong trng hp iu ch cao kh, tip tc sy kh m cn li khng qu 5%. t n th cht quy nh, qu trnh c c v sy kh dch chit thng c tin hnh trong cc thit b c di p sut gim nhit khng qu 60oC. Nu khng c cc thit b c c v sy di p sut gim th c php c cch thy (khng c c trc tip trn la) v sy nhit khng qu 80oC. Trng hp mun thu cao thuc c t l tp cht thp, phi tin hnh loi tp cht bng cc phng php thch hp tu thuc vo bn cht cu dc liu, dung mi v phng php chit xut. C th cho thm cht bo qun hoc cc cht tr lm cht mang hay ci thin cc tnh cht vt l. i vi cao kh c th s dng cc bt tr thch hp hay cao kh ca dc liu s dng iu chnh nng hot cht n t l quy nh. Yu cu cht lng

t cc yu cu theo quy nh trong chuyn lun ring v t cc yu cu chung sau y: tan: Cao lng phi tan hon ton trong dung mi s dng iu ch cao. trong, mi v, ng nht v mu sc: Cao thuc phi ng mu sc m t trong chuyn lun ring, c mi v v c trng ca dc liu s dng. Ngoi ra, cao lng cn phi ng nht, khng c vng thuc, khng c cn b dc liu v vt l. Cch tin hnh: Ly ring phn pha trn ca chai thuc ch li khong 10 - 15 ml. Chuyn phn cn li trong chai vo mt bt s men trng, nghing bt cho chng chy trn thnh bt to thnh mt lp d quan st. Quan st di nh sng t nhin, thuc phi t cc yu cu quy nh. Nu khng t phi th li ln hai vi chai khc, nu khng t coi nh l thuc khng t ch tiu ny. Mt khi lng do lm kh (nu khng c ch dn khc): Cao c khng qu 20%. Cao kh khng qu 5%. Hm lng cn: t 90 - 110% lng ethanol ghi trn nhn (p dng cho cao lng v cao c). Kim loi nng: p ng yu cu qui nh trong chuyn lun ring. Dung mi tn d: Nu iu ch vi dung mi khng phi l cn, nuc hay hn hp cn nc, d lng dung mi s dng phi p ng yu cu qui nh trong Ph lc 10.14 Xc nh dung mi tn d. D lng ha cht bo v thc vt: p ng yu cu quy nh trong Ph lc 12.17 D lng ha cht bo v thc vt. Gii hn nhim khun: p ng yu cu qui nh trong Ph lc 13.6 Th gii hn nhim khun. Bo qun Cao thuc c ng trong bao b kn, ni kh, mt, trnh nh sng, nhit t thay i.

Nhn: Ghi tn b phn dng ca cy thuc, tn dung mi (nu khng phi l dung mi cn, nc hay hn hp cn - nuc), hm lng (%) ca hot cht hoc ca hp cht nhn dng c quy nh theo tng chuyn lun ring, tn v nng ca cht bo qun thm vo. Khi hot cht cha bit, t l gia dc liu v sn phm cui cng phi c nu r. i vi cao c v cao kh, loi v s lng t dc thm vo cng c nu ra. Trong trng hp ny, % ca cao t nhin cng phi c ghi r.