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SIEMENS
LECTURE ON
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RELAY SETTING CALCULATIONS Please note that - Minimum generation is considered for relay setting calculations. (pick up,trip) & - Circuit Breaking capacity is calculated for maximum generation possible.
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POWER HOUSE
STATION A 132 kV
STATION B 132 kV
Circuit Breaker Generator Protection Zone Generator Transformer Unit Protection Zone Bus Bar Protection Zone Transmission Line Protection Zone
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NTDC and the utilities in Pakistan however have standard practice to use Inverse time relays for back up of Motors, Transformers and Generators. For HV and EHV lines, definite time over current relays are used for back up purpose.
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SETTING DEFINITE TIME OVERCURRENT RELAYS Definite time over current relays have adjustable over current elements. When an element picks up, it energizes a built in time element which initiates a tripping signal after elapse of set time. In definite time over current Relays, we have to set, The over current element for its pick up value, the high set element for its pick up value along with the time delays required. The instantaneous element pick up value for the current is to be selected whereas time setting is instantaneous.
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STAGE I>>
STAGE I>>>
INSTANTANEOUS
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Required Settings:
Plug Setting Characteristic to be selected Time Multiplier Setting (TMS) High Set Element Settings, I >> Instantaneous Element Setting, I >>>
Plug Setting:
Autotransformer HV winding rated current IN = S ( 3 U ) Allowed overloading Relay's resetting ratio = Drop off Pick up Relay's setting current = (IN + IN ) R Corresponding secondary current = Is N IN = 733A = 5% R = 0.95 Is = 810A = 0.25A
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Required Settings:
Plug Setting Characteristic to be selected Time Multiplier Setting (TMS) High Set Element Settings, IE >> Instantaneous Element Setting, IE >>>
Plug Setting:
Autotransformer HV winding rated current IN = S 3 U ) IN = 733A Minimum fault current considered as percentage of rated current = 5% (for purpose of pick up of relay) Relay's resetting ratio = Drop off Pick up R = 0.95 Relay's setting current = ( )(IN R) =.05x733 .95=38.57 or Is = 39A Corresponding secondary current = Is N = 0.01A
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Settings Required
1) Characteristic to be chosen 2) Plug Setting 3) Time Multiplier Setting TMS 4) High Set elements settings I >> IE >> 5) Instantaneous element setting I >>>
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1) Characteristic = Normal Inverse (IEC) 2) Plug Setting Considering Full Load Current. Permissible over loading Relays Resetting ratio = Drop off/Pick up Relay setting current Secondary Current Selected Pick Up Setting 3) Time Multiplier Setting Assuming fault current Multiple of Fault Current (PSM)
= 417 A
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Time required for Relay Operation is = 300 mSec ( Normally site requirements should be considered. ) Therefore: TMS = _0.3_ = 0.057 5.24
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Plug Setting
Considering NTDC practice to set the E/F element pick up at 20% of ct sec. rated current. = 0.2 x 5 = 1 (effective value in amps = 80 Amps) (Utilities normally select earth fault element pick up from 10% to 20%. At lower pick up values, sensitivity increases and stability reduces. At higher pick up, the sensitivity is reduced but stability is increased. Normally time of operation is set equal to phase operation time.)
= 3.365
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CONCEPT OF I/IN
IN is the rated current of the relay and also the secondary current of the Current Transformer. They should match with each other so that correct setting and pick up values could be selected. Example: In the 7SJ602 relay, the phase current pick up I range has been defined as 0.1 IN ------4.0 IN If IN is 1 amp then it is easy to understand that the pick up range will be from 0.1 amp to 4.0 amp However if IN is 5 amp then the pick up range will be from 0.5 to 20 amps To make it simpler we can write the above pick up range as I/ IN from 0.1 to 4.0(10% to 400%) This statement is independent of amps. We have to always look at I/IN and set the relay from 0.1 to 4.0 Assume ct 100/1,relay rated current 1, the relay pick up set at 1 means relay will pick up at 100 Amps in primary And if we assume ct of 100/5, relay rated current 5, the relay pick up set at 1 means that relay will pick up at 100 Amps (ct 100/5 relay 1 amp- relay pick up setting possible 2 to 80 Amp) (100/5 means 20 relay can be set 20 x 0.1-4.0 i.e. 2-80 Amps)
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