na`t

'

Ai'e theV thLe best forin

a S S e S Sment

* .

,,
Answer the f lowing questions.

1. How do you feel about examinations?

2. Some teachers assess students using course work, not examinations. Do you think this is a good method?

3. It is said that Korean students experience too much stress from

examinations. Do you think this is true?

63

Unit g

REAPING
Read the letter and the magazine column, and then answer the questions.
1. QTrack 2-1

.
- want to stu Englisiterature at Oxforc Universi Mi grades in school are excellent. - have hac

seve r' ,- ra , iews ha passed "

01

0 r,Uftversl Vxtor " it wou

'4- + : : , , _ ,_ _

exa m 5 .
1

me 1

accept get at east two /\s anc a t on my A-level

_ C _ II - 1

that - ann good enough for 0 Now - have the

pressure of the A,fevel exams head me. What if - ni so nervous that - don't do as well as - should? What if
there re errors in the exam questions? Or what if the exam grader makes a mistake in grarig mi Papers?

at Oxfo couL 'e ruined for ni of these reasons. Exams are Ot the best form of assessment. Essa's, tests are much fairer proj ects, inteMews, nd progress waiS to assess stu ents. Exams o not measure intelligence or acamic iii Exams are ust a use fairer sistem memori test. - think that we shou universi es. It is to choose who is accepted b i hOW yOU m ridiculous to put so much emphasis on. how. ou . peln urn on one da' of iour life. Exams are outatec1 an sno ab i9he
Nicole, brighton,
U

c.

A-level exam: advanced level exam

64

Uiiit g

2. 0Track 2-2

Examinations are here to stay

A record number of scho

,..!..!....1..1.1..!.1..1.1...,.1..1.!!..1.1!...1.1..1

students have been caught cheating Ofl exams this s satisfaction. Th is motivates year. A number of scho students to continue to have also been caught work hard throughout their helping elementary scho education. Continuous

These are skills that they will need throughout their career. Passing exams provides students with a strong sense of

. UNPERSTANPING TH

Circle T for true or F for false for each of the following statements.
I. Nicole wants to study at Oxford University. 2. Nicole does not think that she is good enough for Oxford.
T/ F
T/F I/F I/F I/F I/F

3. Nicole thinks that exams are the best way to assess students. 4. Max Brown thinks that it is difficult to cheat on an exam. 5. Max Brown thinks that exams should be replaced. 6. Max Brown thinks that schools will stop using exams soon.

.. ,. 1 . . ` 1 .. ,. 1. . ' . 1 .` 1

students with important

Max
Brown's

tests. As a result, many parents and students are saying that exams
sho dn't be used

assessment does not

provide the same standard

measure of academic
ability Another that exam adva

weekly
Opinion
C mn

anymore.

of

This is an over-reaction.

Exams are the best form of

assessment available.

exams is that many exams are international. English

exams such as IELTS,

They provide a true test of

students' academic

TOEIC, and TOEFL can be

,-,-,,..

world and taken any where in the

are recognized

abilities. Generally, it is much harder to cheat on

an exam than on a scho essay or project.

all over the world, too.

It would be impossible to replace exams. They are here to stay, so it is best to stop complaining and start studying!

Exams also help students to develop useful skills like disci ne and

IELTS: International English Language Testing System

MAt N -PEAS 0Track 2-3

6S

Unit 9

. TALKING ABOU1 II
Sometimes you will want to introduce a point that the person you are

talking to may not have thought about before. There are different ways to do this. Read the example dialog below.
Danny: Exams are not necessarily the best form of assessment. With

continuous assessment, students get the chance to make sure grades on exams are just good at remembering facts and good at guessing what will be on the exam.

they really understand the subject. In fact, people who get good

Jessica: I don't agree. Continuous assessment is too easy. Anyone can write an essay if they have enough time to do it.

Use e phrases in e box to complete the dialog s. You can phrases to complete each dialog. Then work with a par
e
e dialogs together.

any of the practice

'

As a matter of fact,.
In fact,...

Actually, . . .

an exam. I. A: Exams are best because it is very difficult to cheat B: , lots of students are caught cheating on exams. 2. A: Exams are a better way to measure students' academic abilities. Writin g an essay is easy. B: , essays are better because they help O
n

the student to understand the subject well. 3. A: Exams are a waste of time. They are just a memory test. B: , exams encourage useful skills like
discipline and working under pressure.

4. A: Continuous assessment is too easy.

B: just exam topics. , continuous assessment is better

because students can study things they are interested in, and not

67

. BUILPING A PARAGRAPH
Complete the following paragraphs with the phrases from each box. One paragraph presents some reasons why examinations are the best form of assessment (For). The o er paragraph presents some reasons why
examinations are not the best form of assessment (Against).

FOR Examinations are the best form of assessment for the following reasons. Examinations are the only true test (1) . Examinations encourage students (2) throughout their education. They also motivate students
3 4 r <
J

. Some examinations are and are therefore useful

when you want to study abroad. These are some of the reasons why
examinations are the best form of assessment.
-

AGAINST

Examinations are not the best form of assessment for the following reasons. Examinations create (1) In some countries, errors sometimes occur in examination questions, and errors are sometimes made (2) . Examinations do (3) They only (4) . These are some of
the reasons why examinations are not the best form of assessment.
,

' L

,j

internationally recognized to work hard of students' academic abilities to develop skills such as working under pressure

by examination graders measure students' memory a lot of pressure for students not measure academic ability
-

I .

. UNPERSTANPING STATISTICS
A recent surv ey in Australia asked high school students their about school examinations. The table below shows some of t

1 . Do you think there are too many exams? 2. Do exams make you feel stressed? 3. Do you ever make mistakes on exams because you are nervous? 4. Is continuous assessment easier than taking exams? 5. Are exams the best form of assessment?

Source: Toowoomba Weekly, 2006

. TALKING ABOUT STATISTICS

Work with a partner.
1. Describe the survey results. Use the sentences and phrases in the box

2. Do you find any of the survey results surprising? Do you think the
results would be different in Korea?

3. Ask your partner the questions. Are your answers the s

1 . The majority of students feel. . . 2. Most students say that... 3. Only 37 percent of students think that exams are. . . 4. Sixty three percent of students say... 5. You think that there are too many exams, but - don't think so 6. You believe that continuous assessment is easier, but - don't
believe it is.
-

10 Animal Testing
Should it b e aiio ved?

`\x

SCIENTISTS AND ANIMAL B REEPERS NOW RECEIVE DEATH THREATS FROM AN-MAL RIGHTS PROTES 5.
1. Do you think we treat these animals well?
a. Pets

b. Farm animals c.Laboratory animals

2. Do you think we should use animals to test products? 3. If people disagree with animal testing, how should they protest?

Unit 10

. REAPING
Read the poster and the magazine column, and then answer the questions
1. OTrack 2-6

6AN ANIMAL TESTiNG

(SAT) M NG
Saturday, September 12, 10:00 a.m WHEN: Knotsford Town Hall WHERE: Find out what BAT does and join WHAT: us if you want to see an end to animal testing
BAT founder Marian Forsyth will speak about our recent success in uncovering abuse of dogs at a local animal testing laboratory.

BAT animal immoral has testing. a and long unnecessary. We history believe of peaceful1 that BAT animal willprotest fight testing against against is
animal testing until it is bannect in me u .r.

millions of animals are used for testing in the U.K. every year animals have as much rig ht to live as humans test animals the suffering and deatli or is unnecessary there are many alternatives to animal testing

Join us in our fight to stop the cruelty!

Unit 10
2. 0Track 2-7

-,.,',,

Going too tar

Animal testing isa
necessary part 01 me cai research. Millions oi neart disease, cancer, and AIDS owe their lives to patients medical research involving animals. These days in the U.K., animal testing is only used

actually St e the body of ar animal breeder's mother-inlaw from her grave. They
buried the body in a nearby

,...1. H. .' ... L I n..!.....1.,.,... . ' ........

forest and told the family

that they would return it if they stopped breeding research animals. This year, Dario Ringach, a professor at the University of

Brown's

weekly
opinion
umn

UNPERSIANPING IH

Circle T for true or F for false for each of the following statements.
I. The BAT meeting is for members only.
T/F 1/F 1/F

2. BAT wants all animal testing in the U.K. to stop. 3. BAT believes that tests can be done without animals. 4. Max Brown does not agree with animal testing. 5. Fewer animals are used for testing than in the past. 6. Some groups use violence to protest against animal testing.

1 1

for medical research.

California, stopped his

research on apes and monkeys. He was afraid his family was in danger. He had received many threats
from Animal a, group Liberation called Front the

Cosmetics are no longer

tested on animals. There are

strict rules that protect test

animals from cruelty and There are also new metnoas that have greatly reduced
the number of animals usea.

unnecessary suffering.

made Afterbomb the ALF to a sent a '5 home, Professor

c eague

But many anti-animal testing groups have. startea direct action campaigns, targeting test animal breeders and scientists. These groups use vi ence

Ringach decided to stop his research. Groups like the ALF are
simply going too far. They are worried about vi e nce
against about Vi

and even death threats. Recently in the U.K., three

animal rights protesters

humans?

mals, nce a

what st

breeders: somebody who breeds animals or plants

MAIN -PEAS OTrack 2-8

T/F T/F

T/F

72

Unit 10

TALKING ABOU1 II
We can use is + adjective to introduce our opinions about a topic. Read e example dialog below. Robert: Animal testing is so cruel. I think it should be stopped. Mandy: I'm not so sure. I think animal testing is the best way to test medicines and other products. Robert: I don't think so. I've heard that animal testing is unreliable. Animals

are very different from humans. It could even be dangerous.

Use the adjectives in the box to complete the dialog. Then work with a

partner and practice

cruel necessary unnecessary important

dialog together.

A: Animal testing is very . Scientists couldn't have developed treatments for cancer and HIV without it. B: I don't agree. Animal testing is . There are other alternatives that can be used. A: That's not true. Animal testing is . Scientists need

to see how drugs work on the whole body. B:Well, I think that animal testing is . Animals
should have the same rights as people.

74

Unit 10

BUILPING ^ PARAGRAPH
Complete the following paragraphs with the phrases from each box. One paragraph presents some reasons why animal testing should be allowed or). The other paragraph presents some reasons why animal testing should not be allowed (Against).

Fq
Animal testing should be allowed (Ti) . Animal testing is only used (2) Animal testing has allowed scientists to develop . There are strict rules . Therefore, animal testing
3
r j j

should be allowed.

AGAINST
Animal testing should not be allowed (1) There are many alternatives (2) Animal testing is also unreliable because (3)

. They should not suffer and die in this way. Therefore, animal testing should not be allowed.

to make sure that test animals are well-treated when there is no other alternative because it is the best way to test drugs and medical treatments treatments for many serious diseases

. Animals have the (4)

because it is not necessary animals and humans are very different same right to live as humans that can be used instead of animal testing

75

Unit 10

UNPERSTANPING STATISTICS
A recent survey in the U.K. asked people for their opinions on animal testing. In the past, surveys have shown about the same number of people are for and against it. However, public opinion now seems to be
changing. Read the survey results below.

'1. In your view is it acceptable or not acceptable to test new medical treatments on animals before they are tested on human beings?
Yes, testing new medical treatments on animals is acceptable. No, it is not acceptable.
I don't know.

70% 18%
12%

2. Animal rights protesters protest against animal testing in different ways. Please say whether you think each kind of protest is reasonable
or not.

Hd ng

up

Damaging property

'

Making death threats

ag nst SClentists
and anlmal breeders

posters Showing

tesi animals in pain Yes, it is a

reasonable
88%

2%

1%

kind of protest.

No, it is not.
I don't know.

0/0 00/ '-P A 0/ /0

95% Q 'DO! /0

97% 'DO! . /0

. TALKING ABOUT STATISTICS

Work with a partner. 1. Describe the survey results. Use the sentences and phrases in the box.

2. Do you find any of the survey results surprising? Do you think the
results would be different in Korea?

Can you suggest any reasons for the change in public opinion about
animal testing?

' 1 . Seventy percent of respondents think it is acceptable to. . .

2. Only 18 percent of respondents think it is not acceptable to. 3. Most respondents disagree with protesters... 4. It is interesting to see that... 5. - am not surprised that...

-

76

ji Temporary mfe Workers t Tedixce the

nurn'ber f te mpO afy
'

Should vie d

viorkers

-r '

ii
.

Answer the following questions.

1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of being a

temporary worker? 2. Is it bad for Korea to have so many temporary workers? 3. Is it good for Korea to have a lot of temporary workers?

Unit 11

OREAPING
Read the magazine article and e Vox Pop, and then answer the questions.

1. OTrack 2-11

International English Gazette

Sam Cromwell exp lains why the in creasing number of tempora

workers
is

not a problem.
can be more competitive. I
Workers also enjoy tne l benefits of flexible worKing I hours. The tact tnat l temoorarv workers otten l have different conditions l such as pay and work hours than permanent workers, also has some advantages. Workers who are not happy with their conditions will be motivated to enter permanent employment. If everyone is treated exactly the same,

According to a recent survey, over 36.7% of workers in Korea are temporary w orkers. This igure has risen by 19% in the past ten years. In some workplaces, up to 70% of workers are temporary. Rather than being a problem for Korea, this trend has many advantages. With this arrangement, companIes have the flexibility to chancle the number of personnel according to ineir needs so that they can keep up with today's fluctuating economy. Companies can also drastically reduce their costs by hiring temporary personnel. This way they

workers can become too

complacent and thus reduce productivity. Those who are concerned about the high level of

temporary workers should consider the advantages as well as the disadvantages.

fluctuate: vary in level, degree, or value

complacent: satisfied(self-satisfied and unaware of possible dangers)

78

Unit 11

2. 0 Track 2-12

Chat

Yunhi, Busan workers now account for of us. but I think they are taking advantage

ople we

worke 5 are t'eated like and none of Temporary wonceib d . full-time workers We have no job security 40% as mu,ch ? n hruir workers have This 15 extremely unfair as temporary the benefits that full-time

only about second- class citizens. We earn

' S

stries rely on over 35% of the workforce. Many indu

Sanggi, Gwangju So many women are temporary

responsibilities. Many women
lot iess waI i U l eu .. V.workers because they also have family

- id

e e s s a

have

responsible jobs, but are being pa are paid as part-time workers, but

actually work as many hours as their male colleagues. Many women nave ` choice about the kind of work they do because they have to work part-time. time we stopped discriminating against women and started creating a more
family-friendly workplace.

' UNPERSTANPING THE MAIN -PEAS OTrack 2-13

Circlc T for true or F for false for each of the foilowlng statemelltS.

1. Sam Cromwell thinks temporary workers are not a problem.

2. Temporary workers are cheaper to hire than permanent
WOrkerS.

T/F

1/F

3. Sam Cromwell thinks that everyone should be treated the

Same at WOrk.
T/F

4. Yunhi believes that temporary workers are usually highly skilled. 5. Sanggi feels that temporary workers should be treated better.

1/F
I / F

6. Sunja thinks that more women should work part time.

/F

79

Unit 11

. TALKING ADOU1 II
We can use present continuous tense to talk about things that are happening in the world right now. Read the example dialog below. Jongsu: The economy isn't very stable, so companies need to be flexible. That's why most of them are hiring more temporary workers. Eunju: But increasing the number of temporary workers is making the economy worse. Many people are not spending much money because they don't earn much. People are even avoiding getting married and having children because they don't have job security. Use the phrases in the box to complete the short dialogs. Then work with a partner and practice the dialogs together.

the economy is fluctuating. are not spending much money because they don't earn much. are hiring more temporary workers. are not getting married and having children because they have no job security.
a
'

1. A:How are companies reducing their costs? B: They

2. A: How does having lots of temporary workers affect the economy?

B: People

3. A: How does having lots of temporary workers affect society? B: People 4. A: Why do companies need to be able to change their numbers of employees easily? B: Because

Si

Unit 11

. B UILPING A PARAGRAPH
Complete the following paragraphs with the phrases from each box. One paragraph presents some reasons why we should do more to reduce the number of temporary workers (For). The other paragraph presents some reasons why we should not do more to reduce the number of temporary workers (Against).

Fq
There are a number of reasons why we should do more to decrease the number of temporary workers. Having too many temporary workers is a mistake because we will have (1) _ in the future. In addition, temporary workers (2) _. They do not have any job security or any of the benefits (3) . Temporary

workers are also paid considerably (4)

-

are often treated badly that permanent workers have a shortage of skilled workers less than permanent workers

AG NST
There is no reason for us to do more to reduce the number of temporary workers. Hiring temporary workers gives companies flexibility to change their numbers of employees (1) . Companies can also reduce their (2) _ . The fact that temporary workers (3) _ permanent workers is not a problem. If all workers are treated the same, they can (4)

according to their needs become too complacent costs by hiring temporary workers have different conditions than

82

Unit 11

. UNPERSTANPING STATISTICS

Statistics reported by the Korean Ministry of Labor in 2006 show wage differences between male and female, and temporary and permanent workers. Look at the table below. Temporary
workers Women

Permanent
workers

Hourly wage in won, 2006

Men Hourly wage in won, 2006

5,133

7,728

7,334

11,041

TALKING ABOUT STATISTICS

Work with a partner.

1. Describe the figures in the table. Use the sentences and phrases in the box. 2. Do you find any of the figures in the table surprising? 3. Can you suggest reasons for any of the figures in the table? Do you think

the situation is still the same today?

1 . ...earned less than... 2. ...earned more than...

3. 4. 5. 6.

...wages were much higher than... ...wages were much lower than... It's incredible that.. . These days...

83

12 Robot Care

Sh.ould rb ts take care f s i Ck th.e elderly and the

OKOREA WILL RELY ON ROBOTS TO LOOK

AFTER ITS AGING SOCIETY.

1. What are the good and bad points of robots being used to take care of the elderly and the sick?

2. Would you like to be taken care of by a robot? Give reasons for

your answers.

3. Which is better, allowing nurses to come to Korea from overseas or using robots to take care of people?

84

Unit 12

. REAPING
Read the Frequently Asked Questions and the magazine article, and then
answer the questions.

1. OTrack 2-16

Robot Care:/--

Frequently Asked Questions

Q:
'ha robs

can robots

do in hospitals?

A: Robots can monitor and take care of the basic

needs of patients. Robots are also used to perform some operations. In addition, robots are used to help teach medical

Robots are also easy to train, have a long working life, and don't get sick or bored.

Q: Do people Ilkby emf taken care ot r OD0LS'

A: People seem to be quite happy to be taken

care of by robots. They

usually treat robots like fellow humans. Cute, dog-shaped robots are used during therapy sessions for the elderly

students.
Q: What are some
advantages of using robots in hospitals? A: When surgeons use robots to perform operatiofl5, they have very high levels of

in hospitals and nursing homes. Patients find the

robots cute and respond

control. This means they can perform very

delicate surgery with

well to them. These robots are seen as a ciood alternative to

less risk. The recovery

time for patients is often

faster, too.

animals, which are olten used in therapy sessions with the sick and elderly.

l
55

Unit 12
2. OTrack 2-17

Robots don't care

Anne Jackson

Mdiscussion Ley ng make is care not cannot do a aboi of good with anot maki

companion.

elderly red f el human the empathy and sick

these machines to behave like humans.

The sick and elderly are vulnerable. They should with machines. Peop le will expect encouraged to build relationships But how much companionship and comiort caji u JOJJVL v , 1-, disappointed when they realize how limited robots are. How will

not be

people cope if the robot breaks down and has to be replaced? People,
empathy: understanding of another's feelings

vulnerable: extremely susceptible

UNPERSIANPING TH

MAIN -PEAS OTrack 2-18

F /F 3. Patients do not like being taken care of by robots. I/F 4. Anne Jackson does not agree with robots taking care of people. I / F 5. Anne Jackson believes that robots could make mistakes. I / F

Circle T for true or F for false for each of the following statements. '1. Robots are already being used in hospitals. 2. Robots can be used to perform operations.

6. Robots can behave in exactly the same ways as humans. I / F

86

Unit 12

I TALKING ABOUT II
Sometimes you can express your opinions by asking questions. Read the example dialog below. Gary: I watched a program on TV last night about robots taking care of sick people and old people. It was really interesting. Fran: Yeah, I've heard about that. It doesn't sound like a good idea to me. Why can't people take care of sick people and old people? Use the questions in the box to complete the dialogs. Then work with a partner and practice the dialogs together.
-

`
Who will be able to afford a robot? How can people have a conversation with a robot?
But who else is going to look after them?

How can robots take care of patients?

,
''

'1. A: They have started to use robots to take care of patients in hospitals
now.

B:

A robot could make a serious mistake.

2. A: I don't think robots should be used to take care of the elderly.

B: There will be too many old people to

take care of in the future.

3. A: Using robots to take care of old people at home is a good idea. They are easily trained and they don't get sick or bored. B: They are really expensive. 4. A: Research has shown that old people find robots to be good

company. B:
people from getting lonely. I don't think robots will stop old

sa

Unit 12

. D UlLPlNG A PARAGRAPH
Complete the following paragraphs with the phrases from the box. One paragraph presents some reasons why robots should be used to take care of e elderly and the sick (For). The other paragraph presents some reasons why robots should not be used to take care of the elderly and the sick (Against).

FOR
It is a good idea to use robots to take care of the elderly and the

sick. Robots can take care of (1) They can also be used to perform delicate operations (2) _ . Robots are (3) . People tend to treat robots like humans (4) _
. These are some of the arguments in support of using robots to take care of the elderly and the sick.

and are happy to be taken care of by them with less risk to patients the basic needs of patients easily trained and work hard

AGAINST
It is not a good idea to use robots to take care of the elderly and the sick. Humans (1) . Robots cannot make people (2) the risk of (3) (4) _. There is also . Robots are also . These are some of the

very expensive, so it would be better to spend money on arguments against using robots to take care of the elderly and the sick.

cannot be replaced by robots robots making mistakes or breaking down people rather than robots feel loved or cared for
-

89

Unit 12

. UNPERSTANPING STATISTICS
A recent research study explored how elderly people in the U.K. feel about being taken care of by a robot in their own home. Elderly residents

in a nursing home were asked for their opinions. The pie chart below
shows the survey results. Question: Would you like to be taken care of by a robot in your own
home?

No, - wo dn't be

happy to be take care of by a robo

Yes, I wo d be ppy to be taken e of by a robot

I'm not sure if -

Source: University of
Hertfordshire, 2006

would like to be taken care of by a robot.

TALKING ABOUT STATISTICS

Work with a partner. '1. Describe the figures in the chart. Use the sentences and phrases in
the box.

2. Do you find any of the figures in the chart surprising? 3. Can you suggest reasons for any of the figures? Do you think the results would be different in Korea? Give reasons for your answers.
.
.
-

1 . More elderly people said that they would be. . . than said they. 2. Almost as many people said that they wouldn't... 3. Twenty seven percent of the elderly people were not sure... 4. The majority of respondents were unsure or did not want to be. . .

5. - didn't expect that...

90

ee
ou need to e successfU I? go
>p

C liege

SOME OF TH MOST SUCCESSFUL PEOPLE IN THE WORLP NEVER WENT TO COLLEGE.

1. How important is it to go to college? a. Very important b. Fairly important c. Not very important d. Not at all important

2. What is the main reason to go to college?

a. b. c. d. You need a degree to get a good job. Parents expect their children to go to college. To have fun and meet new people To study something you are very interested in

3. What kind of college subject is the most useful? a. Language b. Business

c.
d.

Science
Other

9f11

Unit 13

. REAPING

Read the letter to a newspaper and the college brochure, and then answer e questions.

1. OTrack 2-21

Is college a waste of time?

- am a corrFuter ware engftieer, and not go to cege. - have go j017, and - earn a good salary. - have never had any P rol7Iems getting j017. hi i ndustry, exlerience is just as irriRortant as education. - have met lots of en neers with college degrees who are not as good at their joh as am.

eg ree.

- started working for software cornany soon I finished high scho - have so, . , 8i ned some of my own software. that ' ri other software comanie5. I'm ho g1, I," DO start my own coni2any yea: and then -i wn boss. I am' only 2 years oI , ut I atredy proud of my achievements. You on't nave to go to college to b'e successful.

Ijohar, Chicago

92

Unit 13

2. 0Track 2-22

T4/, Fallworthu

f,!

degree Fallworth University offers courses ma wide range of subjects. A from Fallworth is a lifetime investment. At Fallworth we specialize in key subjects sucn as pn provide the cultural humanities, economics, politics, and literature. These foundation of your education.
(hat better

way is there to start your career than with a

world-class education?

The benefits of completing a degree include:

' Degrees are recognized all around the world. ' A degree shows your ability to learn. ' A degree shows your ability to commit to learnina. ' vegrees are tiexible, so you can easily chanee career. non' couege graduates are otten paid up to 40% more than graduates.

' A degree is an educational foundation that can be built upon.

a great way to meet like-minded people and Studying at c lege is you make at college will be the friends you kl have fun. The friends
for life.

Come to Fallworttl and give yourself a head start in life

like-minded: sharing same opinions

' UNPERSIANPING IH MAIN PEAS OTrack 2-23

Circle T for true or F for false for each of the following statemen I. Richard does not think it is important to have a college degree.
2. Richard has a degree in computer science.
T/F I/F I/F

3. Richard is happy with his achievements. 4. You can use a college degree in different countries. 5. People with degrees often earn more money than people without degrees. 6. Most people do not make friends or have fun at college.

'1 / F

/F
I/F

95

Unit 13

. TALKING ABOUT IT
Sometimes you will want to give some advice during a discussion. One way to give people advice is using need to. Read the example dialog below. Dan: Employers must think that college graduates have better skills or higher intelligence than people without degrees. I think I need to go to college and get a degree. Jill: You don't need to get a degree. You need to find a company that values your experience. And you need to look at your rbsumb. You might need to improve it. Maybe it doesn't emphasize your experience enough. Read e problems below. Copy a piece of advice from the box below for each problem. Then practice reading each problem and advice dialog with

a partner.
1. I don't know how to write a r sum .

2. 1 want to be a journalist. I don't know if I should go to college or not.

3. I want to go to college so I can get a really good job.

4. I want to apply for a job with Microsoft. I'm not sure how to do it.

5. My rbsumb is a few years old.

That's too old. You need to update it. You probably need to get a book about how to write a rbsumb. You need to choose your major carefully, though.
- think you need to send a cover letter and a rbsumb. First, you need to find out if you need a college degree or not.

'.'
95

Unit 13

. BU LPING A PARAGRAPH
Complete the following paragraphs with the words and phrases from each box. One paragraph presents some reasons why you do need to go to college to be successful (For). The o er paragraph presents some reasons why you don't need to go to college to be successful (Against). FOR
There are a number of reasons why you need to go to college to be successful. Employers often prefer (1) . Having a college degree shows your ability to learn (2) . College graduates are also often . In addition, college degrees . These are some of the

There are a number of reasons why you do not need to go to college to be successful. In many industries, ('1)

. Studying at college (2) The quality of degrees (3) . In addition, many employers would rather hire people with relevant experience (4) . These are some of the reasons why you do not need to go to college to be successful.

does not really prepare you for a career is also declining than people with a degree having experience is more important than having a college degree L '

q a r < 4

reasons why you need to go to college to be successful.

`

AGAINST

j j Z

are recognized all around the world and your ability to commit t earning to employ college graduates paid more than people without a college degree

96

Unit 13

OUNPERSTANPING STATISTICS
A recent survey in the U.K. asked mid-sized companies what kind of entry-level candidates they prefer to employ. Entry-level candidates are people who have just finished school or college. The results are presented in Table 1. An additional study researched the types of jobs college graduates are employed in six months after they finish college. The results are presented in Table 2.
Table 1 Prefer entry-level candidates to have relevant work experience Believe that a relevant degree is important Believe that fitting in well with the organization is most important
Source: KPMG U.K., 2006 56%
no' J /0

28%

Table 2

Working in jobs that do not require a degree, such as stores or call centers Working in jobs that require a degree, such as medicine or
higher education

38%

12% 29% 21 %

Working in entry-level jobs, such as marketing, sales, or IT Working in '"niche" areas such as recreation or sports management
Source: Higher Education Statistics Agency, 2006 (

niche: suitable place for somebody

. TALKING ABOUT STATISTICS

Work with a partner. '1. Describe the survey results. Use the sentences and phrases in the box. 2. Do you find any of the survey results surprising? 3. How might the results be different in Korea?

1 . More than half of the companies said they prefer candidates to have. . . 2. I am surprised that so many companies said they prefer candidates to have. . . 3. I am not surprised that... 4. In Korea, most companies prefer candidates to have... 5. The results would be different in Korea because most companies prefer. . .

97

24 Genetically Modified Food

Should we accept it?

. WOULD YOU EAT HIS IF YOU KNEW WAS GENE.rlCALLY MODIFIED7

1. What is genetically modified food?

2. Have you ever eaten genetically modified food? 3. Do you think that genetically modified food will become popular
in Korea?

Unit 14

. REAPING
the questions.

Read the extract from a magazine and the web page, and then answer

1. OTrack 2-26

modified Whyi we food should say no to genetically
U.S. citizens
first contain of eating it is American countries in their genetically genetically diet. people to introcluc Labeling modifie modifi show the U.S.

have been tested enough. is that when genes from one Another problem with GMOs food, people may have an food are introduced into another planned allergi c reaction to the GMO. For example, scientists However, to introduce a ge ne from Brazil nuts into soybeans. to nuts could have a they realized that people who are allergic with the genetically oducts mad serious allergi c reaction to pr new allergens could modified soybeans. It is also possible that be created in this way.

at risk. America was one of the

99

GMO: genetically modified organism toxin: poison from living organism

gene: basic unit of heredity

Unit 14
2. 0Track 2-27
P

l-------100

heatthnet.COm

l'l'
The only way we The world population will double ir the next 50 years. of GMO5. Some is through the use will be able to produce enough fooi of the advantages GMOs offer are:
. Pest resistance

Farmers do not have to use pesticides to protect their crops from insects.
Herbicide resistance
crops.

Farmers can use fewer and smaller amounts of chemical herbicides Ofl
Drought/cold tolerance that can stand cold temperatures can little water or op ` that need very areas. It is usually difficult to grow crops grown in very dry and cold such areas.
. Nutrition Crops such as rh
them so that the

' UNPERSTANPING THE MAIN -PEAS OTrack 2-28

Circle T for true or F for false for each of the following statements.

1. Critics believe that GMOs have been tested enough.

2. Genetically modified foods are not used in Europe. 3. Genetically modified foods in the U.S. do not always have a GM abel.

4. The world's population is increasing.

5. Genetically modified crops can be easier to grow than

non-GMOs.
6. Genetically modified fruit and vegetables are difficult to transport and store.

Cr .m be

minerals added to

:e can rice is nave even U1L1 more nutritious. -'.-.-This is useful in developing countries, where people rely on one crop for most of their diet. . Medicines and vaccines certain medicines or vaccines. These Fruit and vegetables could contain would be easier to transport a nd
fruit and vegetables genetically modified
store than

medicines and vaccines.

pest: an organism that is damaging to livestock, crops, humans, etc. pesticide: pest-killing compound

herbicide: chemical substance for killing unwanted plants

T/F
T/F

1/F
I / F

/F
T/F

Unit 14

OTALKING ABOU1 II
It is important to give reasons for your opinlo use because. Read the example dialog below. way to do this is to

Phil: But people are worried about the health risks. Tracy: I think there are far more benefits than risks. Besides, people don't need to worry about risks because GMOs are tested.

Match the beginning of each sentence to the correct ending. Then

practice saying each sentence.

1 . Growing GMOs is necessary 2. It is a good idea to add vitamins and minerals to certain crops 3. People are worried about eating genetically modified food 4. GMOs are good for the environment 5. Mixing genes from different foods could be dangerous 6. Adding medicines and vaccines to fruit and vegetables

is a good idea

a. because fruit and vegetables are easier to transport and store than medicines and vaccines. b. because they don't know how it could affect their health. c. because we need to produce more food to feed the world. d. because farmers use fewer pesticides and herbicides. e. because some people are allergic to certain foods. f. because people in some countries rely on one crop for food.

102

Unit 14

. B UILPING A PARAGRAPH
Complete the following para graphs with the phrases from each box. One
paragraph presents some reasons why we should accept genetically

modified food (For). The other para graph presents some reasons why we should not accept genetically modified food (Against). FOR Producing genetically modified food is necessary so that we can
(1) (2) in the future. GMOs are also because farmers don't need

to use as many pesticides and herbicides. GMOs can also be grown in very cold and dry areas, where crops cannot usually be grown. It is also possible to add vitamins and minerals to crops to make them (3) _ . Medicines and vaccines can even be added to fruit and vegetables. These genetically modified fruit and vegetables (4) than medicines and vaccines are.

more nutritious

feed the growing population

are easier to transport and store

good for the environment

AGAINST We should not accept genetically modified food because it may be

(1) . We do not know if GMOs

are harmful, because they have (2) It is also dangerous to introduce genes from one food into another food because many people (3) . In some countries, such as the U.S., genetically modified foods are not always labeled, so many people (4)
they are eating GMOs.

do not realize that

dangerous to our health are allergic to certain foods not been tested enough

103

Unit 14

. UNPERSTANPING STATISTICS
A survey conducted in 2003 by the Pew Global Attitudes Project asked people about their attitudes to genetically modified fruit and vegetables. The results of e survey are presented in the table below.
Question: Some people say that it is good to scientifically alter some fruits and vegetables because it increases crop yields to feed more people, and it is good for the environment. Others say it is bad to scientifically alter some fruits and vegetables because it could hurt human health and the environment. Which comes closer to your view? Scientifically altered fruits and vegetables are...

00%. 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% -1 IU (\0/ /0 U /0

-1

0010 4' -1

Good

Bad Don't
know

United Canada Great Japan

States Britain

Italy Germany France

OTALKING ABOUT STATISTICS

Work with a partner.

1. Describe the figures in the table. Use the phrases in the box. 2. How and why do you think these numbers might change in the future? 3. Are you surprised by the figures for France? Why do you think so many people in France disapprove of genetically modified fruit and vegetables?

1 . The vast majority of French respondents. . . 2. A minority of Italian respondents... 3. The country with the highest percentage of... 4. People in the U.S. are more positive about...
5. - think that people in France are opposed to.,. because.

6. France people have strong feelings about... because...

. -

'

104

Wefar%
Sh,ould we d more to help

th.e elderly
r`

and un emT I ye d

'

. THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE LIVING ON WELFARE

/"

-N KOREA HAS -NCREASEP B Y 150% -NTH

LAST TEN YEARS.
Source: Korean Statistic Information Service, 2007

1. Do you know anyone who is unemployed and living on welfare? 2. Do you think that it is easy to survive on welfare? 3. Do you think families should look after elderly relatives?

105

Unit 15

. REAPING
Read the web page and the extract from a speech, and then answer the

questions.

1. OTrack 2-31

_ _

Welfare Support Group (WSG) welfare, and ver 1.4 million families in Korea are now on
survive. W SG offers support and not advice to welfare recipi ents. Many families are can make prp 0. WSG receiving the welfare they are entltleu
any are struggling to

O m

sure families are getting all the welfare payments they are entitled to. We can also give emergency cash payments

for items such as rent, clothes, and food.

Poverty trap Many people living on welfare are forced to live in tiny rooms and often without a bathroom. Many also report meals a day. WSG gives help in finding LilciL serving free reasonable lunch to hundreds housing. We of people alsol have every a cafeteria week.

income people's incomes

receive more money on welidle. LiiU ji1 vv :; , ,.-!

more stable than taking a low-paid, temporary job from which you can be easily fired. WSG offers a wide range c

training courses to those wanting to get back into the workforce.

=E='=:::,-=,,-/

106

Utiit 15

2. OTrack 2-32

a
By over days lack thought difficulties themselves Korean various survey plan (5'l.7%), Thus, 2030, of 65 are for hobl year sho\ the to me gov he aro th de a Ii (3'1.9%). Some elderly people who do not have any measures to Sons or daughters. However, support themselves live withtheir witl want to live with their more than 60 percent of the elderly do not

Sons or daughters. Actually, some on the allowances made by their sons and daughters and sometimes by their relatives. As a matter of fact, 76.8 percent of
the elderly want to receive

e alone on social welfare or

welfare service from governmental

and social organizations.

' UNDERSTANDING THE MAIN IDEAS OTrack 2-33

Circle T for true or F for false for each of the following statements.

I. WSG helps families who are living on welfare. 2. People living on welfare can buy lunch at WSG. 3. Some people receive more money on welfare than if they
worked.

IF
TIP T/F

4. A majority of the elderly want to live with their sons or daughters. 5. A majority of the elderly want to have an outside help for their living. 6. Having hobbies is the most urgent problem for the elderly.

TIP

I/F

TIP

107

Unit iS

I TALKING ABOU1 II
There are di e example
rent ways to ial 0g below.

introduce opinions during a discussion. Read

Maria: Don't you think the government should do more to help people months now. He's starting to get really depressed about it. Bill: I know what you mean, but surely it can't be that hard to find
a job. The economy is getting better, and unemployment is falling.
Use the phrases in the box to complete the dialog. Then work with a partner and practice e dialog together.

find jobs? My friend Jason has been looking for a job for

Maybe, but...
Don't you think. . . - know what you mean,. n you imagine. . .

A:
B:
of money on the elderly.

we should do more to help old people?

but the government already spends a lot how terrible it would be to be elderly

A:

and living alone? The elderly need help such as home care services and emergency alert services. But many can't afford to pay for
these services.

B:

I think old people's friends and family should take more responsibility to help them. It shouldn't be left to
the government.

109

Unit 15

B UILPING A PARAGRAPH
Complete the following paragraphs with the phrases from each box. One
paragraph presents some reasons why we should do more to help the elderly

and the unemployed (For). The other paragraph presents some reasons why we should not do more to help the elderly and the unemployed (Against).

FOR We should do more to help the elderly and unemployed. Many families living on welfare don't even (1) Many have to live in very basic conditions and find it hard to (2) _ _. Many elderly people live alone and cannot
(3) _. Twenty-one percent of the

population (4) _. The elderly and

unemployed need support. Therefore, we should do more to help the

elderly and unemployed.

is now over 65 years old

have enough money to feed themselves afford the welfare services that are available survive on the money they receive

AG NSI

We should not do more to help the elderly and unemployed. There is more help available for (1) . Thousands of elderly citizens use home care services _. In addition, the government supports thousands of unemployed people and their families (3) . The economy is also improving. This creates more jobs for the unemployed and (4) . Therefore, we should not do more to help the elderly and unemployed.

the elderly and unemployed than ever before

with Qavments for rent and livina exoenses oerrer iving stanaaras bOr me elderly to help with daily tasks such as shopping and cooking

110

Unit 15

. UNPERSTANPING STATISTICS
The United Nations has developed a method of measuring poverty called the Human Poverty Index. This index measures longevity (length of life), life expectancy (how long you are expected to live), and a decent standard of living. The chart below shows the Human Poverty Index for 2002 for a number of countries. (OECD countries excepted from e statistics are the Republic of Korea, Czech Republic, Hungary, Mexico, Polan and Turkey.) The chart shows the percentage of the population who are living in poverty.
Australia Finland Ireland 12.9% 8.8% 15.3% 11.2% 8.5% 6.7%
15.1 %

Japan
Netherlands Sweden

U.K. U.S.

5.8%

TALKING ABOUT STATISTICS

Work with a partner. 1. Describe the figures in the chart. Use the sentences and phrases in the box. 2. Do you find any of the figures in the chart surprising? 3. Can you suggest reasons for any of the figures in the chart?

1 . From the chart we can see that 12.9 percent of people.. 2. We can see that only 6.7 percent of the population in Sweden... 3. This chart shows that a larger percentage of people. . . 4. The Human Poverty Index in the U.S. is... 5. It is unbelievable that. . = 6. I am amazed that. .. 7. It doesn't surprise me that.

111