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To simplify, logarithms are the reciprocal bijection of exponentials. ( like addition with substraction, mutliplication with division, or pepper with salt !) logarithms and exponentials occurs naturally in many branches of sciences. It is very important in solving problems related to growth and decay.

How many times of one number do we multiply to get another number ?

How many 3s do we multiply to get 81 ? 3x3x3x3 = 34 , so we need to multiply 4 of the 3s to get 81. We would write the number of 3s you need to multiply to get 81 is 4. How many 5s do we multiply to get 125 ? 5x5x5 = 53, so we need to multiply 3 of the 5s to get 125. We would write the number of 5s you need to multiply to get 125 is 3. These 2 things are the same : 3x3x3x3 = 81 is the same as : log3 (81) = 4 because, log3 (81) = log3 (34)=4 5x5x5 =125 is the same as : log5(125) = log5(53) =3 Definition : If x and a are positive numbers and a ! 1 then the logarithm of x to the base of a is the power to which a must be raised to equal x. it is written loga x. it means : If y = loga x then x = ay The formula y = logax is said to be written in logarithmic form and x= ay is said to be written in exponential form. Example 1 : If log4x = 2 then x= 42=16 If log9x = ! then x = 91/2 = 3 If log2 (y/3) = 4 then y/3 = 24 = 16 , then y = 48.

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!"#$%%#&'()*# Properties of Logs :

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Logs have some very useful properties which follow from their definition and the equivalence. Of the logarithmic form and exponential form. Some useful properties are as follows : a > 0, and a ! 6#'=%#0?#=#@5A Loga mn = loga m + logan Loga m/n = loga m loga n Loga mr = rloga m ( prove it by using the 1st property!) Loga m = loga n if and ONLY if m=n.

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