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Looms
A loom is a device used to weave cloth. The basic purpose of any loom is to hold the warp threads under tension to facilitate the interweaving of the weft threads. The precise shape of the loom and its mechanics may vary, but the basic function is the same.
Projectile loom
The projectile weaving machine made its appearance in the market at the beginning of the 50s and is today still used in the whole world. Thanks to its steady renovation and to the use of advanced electronic systems as well as of microprocessors for the supervision and the control of the various devices this machine is characterized by a good productivity level (450 rpm and 1050 m/min of inserted weft) and by high operational reliability. It is established especially in the field of machines with high reed width.
Projectile weaving
Projectile weaving machines fulfill all of the textile industrys requirements in regard to quality and performance. With projectile weft insertion virtually any yarn can be woven. Cotton, wool, silk, mono- and multifilaments and tapes As well as hard fibers like jute and linen, and even metal
Projectile weaving
The robust, technologically mature engineering design gives the textile industry the following advantages: low power consumption No material loss, by tucked-in selvedges Top reliability, functionality, and ease of operation Low servicing and maintainence costs Long term retention of value through upgradation
General Operation
The weft insertion is carried out by small clamp projectiles The projectiles works in a sequence, that is they are launched in succession They run therefore one after the other, describing in the space a continuous, endless route, as if they would be stuck on a conveyor belt.
Weaving process
Contd..
The thread is cut by the scissors on the launching side, while the projectile 1 is placed in the transport chain The weft is beaten by the reed, while the weft carrier moves back to its initial position and the weft tensioner opens further to recover the thread piece and to keep it under tension. The projectile is brought back to the launching zone
Passage of Projectile
Through the channel of guide teeth
1. Torsion bar A: As shown in fig it has splinted ends as seen in the fig one end is secured firmly at the clamping flange with provision for adjusting twisting angle. 2. Picking shaft B: The free end of the torsion bar is linked with the picking shaft through spines. 3. Picking lever C: The picking lever is clamped on the picking shaft. 4. Picking shoe D: The picking lever carries the picking shoe at its top end. 5. Picking shaft lever E: It is a rigid part of the picking shaft
6. Toggle plates F: The toggle plates center at o carry a roller G and connected to the picking shaft lever E through a link H .They are covered at the bottom. 7. Picking cam I: It is mounted on a shaft J and rotated by bevel wheels K once every pick. It rotates in the direction of the arrow shown in fig. It carries a roller R after the nose part. 8. Oil break L: The shock of the picking is taken by the oil break.
Productivity table
Out of these single phase looms,the projectile loom is giving an efficiency of about 90 to 95 %
Energy consumption
the projectile weaving machine features a low energy requirement compared with the other filling insertion systems. The reason is the inherent advantage of the projectile insertion system compared to the insertion systems of rapier and air jet weaving machines, filling insertion by means of projectiles features the least energy requirement.
The masses to be moved for insertion by projectiles and substantially smaller than those requires for rapier insertion, and they are far more efficient than filling insertion with the aid of compressed air.
conclusion
After understanding the need for modernization and the technical merits of new weaving technologies, the economics of different types of looms has to be considered. Many people feel that fastest running machines will give better profitability. But in many cases the fastest running machine is not the most economic and cheapest one. Hence projectile looms are more efficient in terms of productivity and economically.
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