Rough Draft

DISCRIMINATION IN BUSINESSES

This collection references are not only academic articles about business, but also a major concern in the business discourse community, which is gender and racial discrimination. Because this is such a major concern in this discourse community the readers will be able to see the questions that arise in some of these academic articles. Which is that gender and racial discrimination is a big impact on some peoples lives when finding or working in the corporate world. The main audience for this journal would be everyone who is looking for a job in the business field. This is because people need to know that woman and men doesnt matter which race you are, we can all do the same job. The audience would primarily be business people but ultimately it would be for anyone that wants to have a job in the corporate world. In this journal entry I am giving the audience a general scope of the problem with some main focused discussions. This is one of the major concerns people encounter in their daily lives in the corporate world. Religious discrimination happens very often throughout the world but is mainly seen in businesses with a variety of ethnicities working together. Bedi, Sonu. "Expressive Exclusion: A Defense." Journal Of Moral Philosophy 7.4 (2010): 427-440. Academic Search Premier. Web. 21 Oct. 2013. Sonu Bedi is a assistant professor at the Dartmouth College and works in the Department of Government. Bedi states that the American constitutional law permits associations to discriminate (Bedi). In this journal entry she talks about how discrimination is against the law and how it should be done when it is. She also mentions

how many cases are often described as discrimination. This article is important because it supports the other articles by show discrimination is a problem and the people that think it is not are wrong. Bolen, Rebecca M., and Adrienne B. Dessel. "Is Discrimination Against Evangelical Christians A Problem In Social Work Education?." Journal Of Social Work Education 49.4 (2013): 528-547. Academic Search Premier. Web. 21 Oct. 2013. Rebecca Bolen is a associate professor at the University of Tennessee. Adrienne Dessel is an associate director, Program on Intergroup Relations at the University of Michigan. This article talks about people against evangelical Christian social workers. They mention in the article that very limited religion discrimination exists, however as the other articles show religion discrimination in businesses is a very common activity and is highly concerned in the discourse community. In the article she states discrimination exists and that these studies have significant methodological weaknesses (Rebecca) is not correct seeing by the support of the other articles. Braham, Jim. "THE Spiritual SIDE." Industry Week/IW 248.3 (1999): 48. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2013. In this journal article, Krishan Karla one of Silicon Valleys CEO, talks about how Hinduism helped in through his tough times in marriage and business. He says in his article "The Hindu religion is very democratic, and the Gita gives you a lot of options to reach divine [a force or power]". He also said "the way you run your business helps you to reach divine without going to the Himalayas or to temple or church every day or doing anything special" (Braham). Religion is a big discrimination in businesses and how this CEO uses religion to help his business and to prosper his business to make it better is

very original used and turned to Hinduism to help him become the best CEO for this company. This article is important because as religion discrimination is happening in his company he himself uses religion to help the company grow as well as his personal life. He shows that religion is a key factor in this article as you can see in other articles that some companies may not care about religion or may just ignore the fact. Du Plessis, Jean J., INGO SAENGER, and RICHARD FOSTER. "Board Diversity Or Gender Diversity? Perspectives From Europe, Australia And South Africa." Deakin Law Review 17.2 (2012): 207-249. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2013. Du Plessis, Jean J is a Professor of Law at Deakin University. Ingo Saenger is a Professor of Law at University of Mucnster and is a Chair Civil Law and part of the Law of Civil Procedure and Corporate Law. Foster Richard is a group Secretary of Old Mutual, Chairman of Institute of Directors of Southern Africa and Member of the King Committee on Corporate Governance. In this article it talks about not being able to communicate properly meaning the board debates. One key factor why there is controversy and no agreement are because of religion. This shows that all business doesnt matter what type or business it is, religion is a key factor and religion discrimination is a major concern. This article is relevant because it shows that religion discrimination is in every business and that religion plays a key role in everyones day to day life in his or her job. Green, Tristin K. "Discrimination In Workplace Dynamics: Toward A Structural Account Of Disparate Treatment History." Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 38.1 (2003): 91-157. Academic Search Premier. Web. 21 Oct. 2013.

Tristin Green is an Assistant Professor of Law at Seton Hall University School of Law. This article discusses how in history the Civil Rights Act of 1964 sought equal treatment in employment, which prohibits employments discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, or national origin (Green). However they also talk about how discrimination is no defined in this. Discrimination can be considered anything one may be offended by because the way they look, talk, do activities, etc. This article talks about how organizational changes have significant implications for the pursuit of equity in the workplace. They also discuss how in a work environment its treated as a team-based work not an individual based work, therefore discrimination that is happening shouldnt be. By having laws to protect discriminations, people that work in companies or businesses till face discrimination to the daily bases. Harrington, Joanna. "Canada, The United Nations Human Rights Council, And Universal Periodic Review." Constitutional Forum 18.2 (2009): 79-93. Academic Search Premier. Web. 21 Oct. 2013. Joanna Harrington is a Professor of Law at the University of Alberta. In this journal article they discuss provincial jurisdiction in the country-eliminated discrimination on the basis of religion in school funding. Discrimination of religion is no only happening in corporate businesses but is also happening in public businesses also. This article is important because it shows that discrimination is everywhere and no matter what the law says or what the company or business tries to do discrimination is going to be there. Religion is a key factor in this world and shows that with this factor we will have discrimination in any business.

Mack, Raymond W. "Whose Affirmative Action?." Society 33.3 (1996): 41-43. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2013. Raymond Mack is a professor at Northwestern University, who teaches Sociology. In this article he talks about the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that was being passed. This Act was to forbade any employer to fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any individual, or otherwise discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions or privileges of employment, because of such individual's race, color, religion sex or national origin (Mack). This article is important because as Mack states that we can see in the other journal articles that discrimination is still happening in the work field. It doesnt matter what the law says people will still do what they want to please them selves. Mourtada, Rasha. "A Climate Of Fear." Canadian Business 77.7 (2004): 24-25. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2013. In this journal article, Rasha Mourtada, a concerned young man about discrimination, he researches how discrimination increased after 9/11 in workplaces. In this article they talk about how a business worker was discriminated through what he does for a living because of his religion and was given a hard time. Rasha shows in this article that religious discrimination has increased over the years by saying in his journal article But if you ask Muslims and Arabs about their experiences in the Canadian business world since 9/11, many insist they've suffered (Mourtada). Mourtada claims that discrimination increased after 9/11 and now the Arabs and Muslims do not blend into society anymore and they stick out. Canada has one of the fastest growing religions in their country, Islam, and with that being in place having discrimination in corporate

businesses will not help the future economy. This article matters because it shows that not only one religion is being discriminated it also has other religions. Another key factor shown in this journal article is that business not only in the United States is having a problem but businesses outside of United States are having religion discrimination in corporate companies. Toward the end of the article he talks about how the company supported and fought against this wrong doing that the government was posing on this businessman. Nimon, Kim. "A Cautionary Tale." Annals Of The American Psychotherapy Association 12.3 (2009): 77-78. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2013. Kim Nimon is an assistant professor at the University of North Texas. This article talks about religion harassment and discrimination that takes place in chaplain environment. The author explains that one has the right to practice what he or she desires and has the right to be free from a religiously hostile work environment. This article is important because this was the first compliant that they got for religion harassment or discrimination ..against a company that involved workplace chaplain activities (Nimon). Peterson, Evan. "Downsizing In The Global Economy: The Effects Of Legal Regulation On Organizational Culture And Change." Culture & Religion Review Journal 2010.3 (2010): 47-64. Academic Search Premier. Web. 21 Oct. 2013. Evan Peterson works at the University of Detroit Mercy. This article talks about how the United States legal systems have the potential to profoundly impact the effect pursuit of corporate goals and strategy. This article talks about how over time corporations will be forced to make decisions based on religion and age over time

because of discrimination. In the article he says Corporations that wish to use the downsizing tool must take increased measures to protect themselves against possible charges of unlawful employment discrimination (Peterson). This shows that discrimination will take place but they have to be careful for it. This article is relevant because it helps to see that discrimination of religion in companies is very hard to stop. "Rights In The Workplace." Hinduism Today 29.3 (2007): 6. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2013. In this article they talk about how even appearance is a problem in the work field. This is because having a religion that has traditions or requirements may intertwine with a companys rule. In the article they stated that Another large retailer, whose policy strictly limits jewelry and makeup worn by employees, allowed a Hindu woman to wear a nose ring but did not permit another employee to wear a tongue ring as part of her religion's requirement of daily suffering (1). Religion discrimination can go from the color of your skin to the way you even may dress. Traditionally women have always worn a nose ring in parts of South Asia such as India and Sri Lanka, for a long time. However coming to America woman are judged and discriminated for expressing their religion. This article is important because even though you can see the Hindu woman was able to express her religion and wear her nose ring, the other co-worker was not able to due to the rules the company has even when it was religion related. Robinson, Robert K, Geralyn McClure Franklin, and R. H. Hamilton. "The Hijab And The Kufi: Employer Rights To Convey Their Business Image Versus Employee Rights To Religious Expression." Southern Law Journal 22.1 (2012): 79-88. Academic Search Premier. Web. 21 Oct. 2013.

Robison is a Professor at the School of Business Administration at University of Mississippi. McClure is a Professor and Associate Dean at the College of Business, Stephen F. Austin Sate University. Hamilton is a Clinical Professor, at the School of Business Administration, at University of Mississippi. In this article it shows religious discriminations through the wearing of religious clothing. Some employees are required to wear certain items on ones head depending on their religion, however it is discriminated. Requirements are set which have to be meet but each employee is different which means each person may practice a different religion that requires something specific. Staples, Robert. "The Post Racial Presidency: The Myths Of A Nation And Its People." Journal Of African American Studies 14.1 (2010): 128-144. Academic Search Premier. Web. 21 Oct. 2013. Robert Staples is a Graduate in Sociology from the University of California. In many of the articles it was about business with religion discrimination. However this is also about religion discrimination in a business, it is in a different form. In this article they talk about how both the parties during the election ignored the fact that there was religion discrimination during the presidential election. They also state that during election the US is prone to only have two types of party that has a certain race, religion, and value. This article is important because during the election it is a business also and even when the election was happening we can see there was racial discrimination. Van Buren III, Harry J. "Care For People And Creation: The Role Of US Christian Institutional Shareholder." Greener Management International 52 (2007): 7790. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.

In this journal article, Harry J. Van Buren III an assistant professor of business and society in the Andersons Schools of Management at the University of New Mexico, talks about how religion discrimination has a big factor in businesses. He says with religion discrimination behaviors in companies are much more complicated. Harry states Industries are often accused by activist organizations of a variety of ethical misbehaviors (Van Buren III) meaning discrimination is a big role in businesses now a days and does take in part when one is being hired for a position or a job in a corporate company. He goes on to mention that when discrimination is encountered in the field or corporation it also changes the behavior of the employees. This article matters because it shows that discrimination can also lead not only to how one is treated but also how coworkers behave in the working environment. With this kind of discrimination in work places it is hard to get the job done. "Zero Tolerance." T+D 59.8 (2005): 50-52. Academic Search Premier. Web. 21 Oct. 2013. This article talks about religion discrimination here and over seas. In the article it said, The EEOC oversees enforcement of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, which includes protection against discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin (1). Even with this religion discrimination is pretty high. In the article it said more than 13,000 charges were made last year. this article is relevant because it shows how much discrimination is happening, and it shows that discrimination does not take place in only United States businesses but other businesses also.