Honors Chemistry

Name: Sooah Ko Period: 8

U n i t 3 : C h e m i c a l R e a c t i o n s

Single Replacement Reactions Lab

Purpose: The purpose of this activity is to determine which metals are most reactive and to create an order from most reactive to least reactive. Part I: Reactions with Aqueous Solutions Materials: Metals: Copper Lead Zinc Magnesium Silver Calcium

Solutions: Copper (II) sulfate Silver nitrate Lead (II) nitrate Zinc sulfate Magnesium nitrate

Procedures 1. Using a well plate and the chemical given, determine which reactions will occur between the metals and the solutions. 2. Add to each of the wells a small piece of the appropriate metal which has first been cleaned with sand paper. Note: Your teacher will provide the calcium when you are ready for it. 3. Create a data table to record your observations of before and after reactions. 4. Observe and record any evidence of a replacement reaction (i.e. a thin coating appears on the surface of the metal) occurring each of the test tubes. If no change is visible within five minutes, record this as no reaction Part II: Reactions with Acids Metals: Copper Magnesium Zinc Silver Lead Calcium

Solution: hydrochloric acid

Procedures: 1. Determine where H+ should be placed on an activity series by comparing the relative amount of bubbling when added to metals. 2. Create a data table and record your results. Part III: Demonstration Your teacher will demonstrate Calcium metal in acid. Write down your observations Cu NR Mg Color change: greenish, bubbles NR NR Darker color Color change: brown Bubbles Zn Darker color Pb Darker color Ag NR Ca Bubbles, steam, blue Bubbles Bubbles, steam, white Bubbles, steam, white Bubbles, steam, black Bubbles, white color

Cu(NO3)2

Mg(NO3)2 Zn(NO3)2 Pb(NO3)2 Ag(NO3) HCl

NR NR NR Color change: silver NR

NR NR Darker color Color change: light gold NR

Darker color NR NR Color change: darker black NR

NR NR NR NR NR

Discussion Questions 1. From Part I: Which of the metals gave (a) four reactions: Mg (Magnesium) (d) one reaction: Cu (Copper) (b) three reactions: Zn (Zinc), Pb (Lead) (e) no reaction: Ag (Silver) (c) two reactions: NA Use the answers from above to list the five metals in order of decreasing reactivity. Mg, Zn, Pb, Cu, Ag 2. From Part II: Describe the order of metals from those that bubble most to those that bubble least, or not at all. List the five metals in decreasing order of reactivity. Place hydrogen into the list. Anything mixed with Calcium metal created bubbles and Magnesium mixed with Copper Nitrate or Hydrochloric Acid also produced bubbles. Ca, Mg, Zn, Pb, H, Cu, Ag 3. Compare the order of reactivity of metals from Part II with all of the metals in Part I and describe any relationships you can discover. Create a final list of reactivity in order of decreasing reactivity. Ca, Mg, Zn, Pb, Cu, Ag 4. From Part III: place calcium in your list of reactivity. Ca, Mg, Zn, Pb, Cu, Ag 5. Compare this order with that of the reactivity series from your notes. Outline similarities and differences. Suggest several reasons for what might explain any differences. This order is the same as that of the reactivity series, but because Zinc and Lead had the same number of reactions, it was kind of hard to put those two in order. Other than that, the reactivity series definitely has more metals than 6. 6. Write net ionic equations for all the reactions that occurred (highlighting the ones that were supposed to occur that you may not have observed) Cu + 2Ag+ Cu2+ + Ag Mg + Cu2+ Mg2+ + Cu Mg + Pb2+ Mg2+ + Pb Mg + Ag+ Mg2+ + Ag Mg + 2H+ Mg2+ + H2 MG + Zn2+ Mg2+ + Zn Zn+ Cu2+ Zn2+ + Cu Zn + Pb2+ Zn2+ + Pb Zn + Ag+ Zn2+ + Ag Pb + Cu2+ Pb2+ + Cu Pb + Ag2+ Pb2+ + Mg Pb + Ag+ Pb2+ + Ag Ca + Cu2+ Ca2+ + Cu 7. For each of the reactions, determine which substances has been oxidized and which one has been reduced as well as which is the oxidizing agent and which is the reducing agent. Oxidizing agents: Cu, Mg, Zn, Pb Reducing agents: Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mg, H 8. A metal was found in the lab that was missing its labeling tape. In order to determine the identity of the metal several reactions were performed. When the metal was placed in hydrochloric acid, it bubbled. No reaction was noticed when placed in a solution of calcium nitrate. A reaction was observed when placed in a solution of zinc chloride. What could the metal possibly be? What further test could you run to determine the identity of the metal? Reactivity is higher than hydrogen, lower than calcium, higher than zinc: Sodium, magnesium, aluminum Conclusion: A statement about the activity series you discovered.